Swedish · The Wonderful Adventures of Nils
Järnverket
The Ironworks
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- 1
A strong west wind blew almost the whole day that the wild geese flew over the Bergslagen mining country, and as soon as they tried to steer north, they were flung back east.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with rådderåddeprevailedrå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencestarkstrongstark · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies västanvindvästanvindwest windvästanvind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råddenästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies helahelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies dagendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of råddedåwhendå · subordinating conjunctionmodifies forovildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpossessor of foroattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
forotraveledforo · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on dagenArchaic past plural of fara ('to travel/fly'); lemma tagged as noun but is a verb form.
överoveröver · prepositionpreposition marking BergslagernaBergslagernaBergslagenBergslagerna · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of foroHistorical name of Sweden's central mining district, here in an older plural-looking form.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåasså · adverbmodifies snartsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies söktesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of söktedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of söktesöktetriedsöka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with råddestyrato steerstyra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of söktenorrutnorthwardnorrut · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies styraAdverb meaning 'to the north', tagged as a noun.
blevobecameblevo · verb, active, supinecoordinated with råddelemma should be bli 'to become'; blevo is the archaic plural past tense (they became).
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of kastadekastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activecomplement of blevomoteastmot · prepositionpreposition marking österöstereastöster · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blevo But Akka believed that Smirre Fox was running along through the eastern part of the country.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of troddeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
troddethoughttrodde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sprangSmirreSmirreSmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies rävmistagged as a comparative adjective; this is the proper name of the fox character.
rävfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sprangsprangransprangma · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of troddeLemma is corrupted; surfaces are only "sprang" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma.
framforwardfram · adverbdepends on spranggenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking delendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of delenöstraeasternöstra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies delendelenpartdel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sprangavofav · prepositionpreposition marking landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies delenFor that reason she did not want to go that way, but turned again and again and struggled wearily back westward.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of faravillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of farafördenskullfor that reasonfördenskull · adverbmodifies faraintenotinte · particlemodifies farafaragofara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
åtinåt · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies farahålletwayhållen · adverbmodifies farasurface hållet; not a true adverb lemma but the idiom helt och hållet vs. the noun håll ('direction').
utanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
vändeturnedvände · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with faragångagaingång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase vändepåagainpå · prepositioncoordinated with vändegångagaingång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase påochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsträvadestrovesträva · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vändemödosamtlaboriouslymödosamt · adverbdirect object of strävadetillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies strävadevästerutwestwardvästerut · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies strävadeSame adverb 'westward'; mistagged as noun.
In this way the wild geese made only slow headway and were still in the Västmanland mining district as late as the afternoon.
Påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättetdettathisdenna · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sättetsättetwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommokommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencekommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommoattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
endastonlyendast · adverbmodifies långsamtlångsamtslowlylångsam · adverbmodifies kommoframåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies långsamtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvorowerevoro · pronoun, pluralcoordinated with långsamtmistagged as a pronoun; this is the archaic plural past tense of vara 'to be'.
kvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on kommoiini · prepositionpreposition marking bergslagerVästmanlandsVästmanland'sVästmanlands · proper noun, genitivepossessor of bergslagerbergslagermining districtsbergslag · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kommoännustillännu · adverbmodifies eftermiddagenpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking eftermiddageneftermiddagenafternooneftermiddag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommoToward evening the wind dropped suddenly, and the tired travelers began to hope they would get an easy stretch of flying before sunset.
Mottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking kvällenkvälleneveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ladeladedroppedla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentence"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
sigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativesubject of ladevindenwindvind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ladevind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form.
hastigtquicklyhastig · adverbmodifies ladeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of resenärernaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
tröttatiredtrött · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies resenärernaresenärernathe travelersresenär · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ladehoppashopehoppas · verb, infinitivedepends on börjadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fådetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fåskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfågetfå · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of börjadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of flyktstundsa spell ofstunds · noun, genitive, common gender, singularmodifies flyktlätteasylätt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies flyktch01-p14 'ett lätt buller' renders as 'a faint noise' in the translation, a distinct sense from weight/air-lightness or ease.
flyktflightflykt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåförebeforeföre · prepositionpreposition marking solnedgångensolnedgångensunsetsolnedgång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fåBut then a violent gust of wind came tearing along.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vindstötvåldsamviolentvåldsam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vindstötvindstötgust of windvindstöt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies farandefaranderushing alongfarande · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kompresent participle of fara (to travel), used adjectivally: 'came rushing/flying along.'
It flung the geese before it like balls, and the boy, who had been sitting carefree and expecting no danger, was lifted off the goose's back and hurled out into empty space.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gässenkastadethrewkasta · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gässenMistagged as an adjective; 'kastade' is the past tense of the verb 'kasta' (to throw).
gässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasegässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
framförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativehead of the phrasesomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bollarbollarballsboll · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sigochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lyftessomwhosom · pronounsubject of suttitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of suttitsuttitsatsutta · verb, active, supinerelative clause on pojkenArchaic spelling of suttit, the supine of sitta ("to sit").
bekymmerslöscarefreebekymmerslös · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of suttitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies väntatväntatexpectingväntaa · verb, active, supinecoordinated with suttitSupine of 'vänta': 'väntat' = 'expected' in most tokens but 'väntat på svar' = 'had been waiting for an answer' — genuinely polysemous (expect vs. wait).
någonnonågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of farafaradangerfara · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of väntatsome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
lyfteswas liftedlyftea · verb, present, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentencefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking gåsryggengåsryggengoose's backgåsrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lyftesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslungadeswas hurledslunga · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with lyftesutoutut · adverbdepends on slungadesiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking rymdentommaemptytom · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies rymdenrymdenspacerymd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slungades- 2
Small and light as the boy was, he could not simply drop straight to the ground in such a violent wind, but was first carried along with it a way, and then sank downward slowly and in fits and starts, the way a leaf falls from a tree.
Såasså · adverbmodifies litenlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlättlightlätt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with litench01-p14 'ett lätt buller' renders as 'a faint noise' in the translation, a distinct sense from weight/air-lightness or ease.
somassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on litenkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blåsthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kundeintenotinte · particlemodifies blåstiini · prepositionintroduces the clause of blåstsåsuchså · adverbmodifies häftighäftigviolenthäftig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies blåstblåstwindblåsa · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on litenAll four examples use 'blåst' as the noun meaning 'wind/gale' (efter all blåst, med blåst och duggregn, storm och blåst, samma blåst och köld), not as the supine of the verb blåsa ('has blown'); the type record conflates the homograph. Default gloss corrected to the attested noun sense.
fallato fallfalla · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of blåsträttstraighträtt · adverbmodifies nernerdownner · adverbmodifies fallatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nerutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
förstfirstförst · adverbmodifies följdeföljdefollowedföljde · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on litenhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of följdemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vindenvindenwindvind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of följdevind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form.
ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of styckestyckepiecestycke · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of följdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsedanthensedan · adverbmodifies sjönksjönksanksjönk · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with litenhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sjönkneråtdownwardneråt · adverbmodifies sjönksaktaslowlysakta · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of sjönkFunctions adverbially ('slowly') though tagged as an adjective form.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationryckvisin fits and startsryckvis · adverbcoordinated with saktasomthe waysom · subordinating conjunctiondirect object of fallerettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of bladbladleafblad · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of fallerfallerfallsfalla · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with litenfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking trädettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of trädträdtreeträd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of faller - 3
"Well, this won't be so dangerous," thought the boy, even while he was falling.
Nåwellnå · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on blirInterjection 'well/now then', mistagged as a noun.
detaen · determiner, neuter, singularsubject of blirhärherehär · adverbmodifies blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with »intenotinte · particlemodifies blirsåsoså · adverbmodifies farligtfarligtdangerousfarlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of blirtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to blirpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkteännuevenännu · adverbintroduces the clause of föllmedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase ännuhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of föllföllfellföll · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tänkte "I'm dropping to the ground as slowly as if I were a scrap of paper.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ramlarramlaram droppingramla · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ramlarsåasså · adverbmodifies långsamtlångsamtslowlylångsam · adverbmodifies ramlarsomas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of papperomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of papperjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of pappervorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to papperenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bitbitscrapbit · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies papperpapperpaperpapper · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of ramlarMorten Goosey-Gander will surely come hurrying at once and pick me up."
MårtenMortenMårten · proper noun, nominativesubject of skyndarthe studio translation renders this name as 'Morten'.
gåskarlgandergåskarl · adverbmodifies Mårten'Gåskarl' is a noun meaning 'gander', mistagged here as an adverb; used as the goose-character's epithet Mårten gåskarl.
skyndarhurriesskynda · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenogsurelynog · adverbmodifies skyndargenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies skyndarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationplockarpick upplocka · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with skyndaroppupopp · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on plockarmistagged as a verb; this is the dialectal/colloquial adverb opp, a variant of upp 'up'.
migmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of plockar- 4
The first thing he did, once he had come down to the ground, was to tear his cap off his head and wave it, so that the big white gander would see where he was.
Detaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of förstaförstafirsten · adjective, nominativedirect object of gjordesurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on gjordenerdownner · adverbdepends on kommittilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommitvarwasvara · adverbintroduces the clause of rivaThis is the past tense "var" of vara ("to be"), not an adverb; the parser mistagged it.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of rivainfinitive marker before a verb.
rivatearriva · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kommitluvancapluva · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of rivaavoffav · prepositionpreposition marking huvudethuvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of rivaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationviftawavevifta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with rivamedwithmed · prepositiondepends on viftadenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of viftaförso thatför · prepositionintroduces the clause of seattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase fördenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåskarlenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gåskarlenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
vitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gåskarlengåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of semorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
skullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kommitvarwasvara · adverbdirect object of seThis is the past tense "var" of vara ("to be"), not an adverb; the parser mistagged it.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativedepends on seexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
"Here I am, where are you?
Härherehär · adverbmodifies ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activedepends on ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to ärduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärHere I am, where are you?" he shouted, and was almost surprised that Morten Goosey-Gander was not already standing beside him.
Härherehär · adverbmodifies ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activedepends on ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to ärduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to förvånadnästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies förvånadförvånadastonishedförvånad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ropadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stodintenotinte · particlemodifies MårtenMårtenMortenMårten · proper noun, nominativesubject of gåskarlthe studio translation renders this name as 'Morten'.
gåskarlgandergåskarl · adverbsubject of stod'Gåskarl' is a noun meaning 'gander', mistagged here as an adverb; used as the goose-character's epithet Mårten gåskarl.
allaredanalreadyallaredan · adverbmodifies stodAn older emphatic form of modern redan.
stodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on förvånadbredvidbesidebredvid · prepositiondepends on stodhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of stod- 5
But the big white one was nowhere to be seen, nor did he see the flock of wild geese outlined against the sky.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of storestorebigstore · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies viteWeak-declension form of 'stor'.
vitewhite onevite · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies syntesDefinite adjective used as a noun, 'the white one', referring to the gander.
synteswas to be seensyntes · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies syntestillbe seentill · prepositiondepends on syntesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies såghellereitherheller · adverbmodifies sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with syntespast tense of se, 'to see.'
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågvildgåsflockenflock of wild geesevildgåsflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of avtecknaavtecknabe outlinedavteckna · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of sågsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of avtecknamotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking himlenhimlenskyhiml · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of avteckna It was just as if it had vanished.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of försvunnenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to försvunnenalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies försvunnensomas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase alldelesförsvunnenvanishedförsvunn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasePast participle of försvinna ('to vanish'); tagged as noun but functions adjectivally.
- 6
He thought this was a little odd, but he was not frightened or worried.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of besynnerligtdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of besynnerligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to besynnerligtenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of smulasmulabitsmula · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies besynnerligtbesynnerligtstrangebesynnerlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of tycktemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tyckteintenotinte · particlemodifies skrämdskrämdfrightenedskrämd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationoroligtroubledorolig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with skrämd It never occurred to him for a second that folk like Akka and Morten Goosey-Gander would abandon him.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with föllföllfellföll · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularsubject of föllintenotinte · particlemodifies föllenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sekundsekundsecondsekund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of föllininin · adverbdepends on föllattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of övergesådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies folkfolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of övergesomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of AkkaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativeclause modifying folkproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationMårtenMortenMårten · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Akkathe studio translation renders this name as 'Morten'.
gåskarlgandergåskarl · adverbmodifies Akka'Gåskarl' is a noun meaning 'gander', mistagged here as an adverb; used as the goose-character's epithet Mårten gåskarl.
skullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of övergeövergeto abandonöverge · verb, active, infinitivedepends on föllhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of övergeThe violent gust of wind had surely carried them off with it.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vindstötenhäftigaviolenthäftig · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies vindstötenvindstötenthe gustvindstöte · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förtvälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies förtförtcarriedföra · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of förtmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of förtAs soon as they managed to turn around, they would surely come back and fetch him.
Såasså · adverbmodifies lyckadessnartsoonsnart · adverbpart of the phrase Sådetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of lyckadeslyckadesmanagedlycka · verb, past, indicative, passiveadverbial clause on kommavändato turnvända · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of lyckadesskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommanogsurelynog · adverbmodifies kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencetillbakabacktillbaka · adverbdepends on kommaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhämtato fetchhämta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kommahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hämta- 7
But what was this now?
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phrasevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to vadnunownu · adverbmodifies dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of vad Where in the world was he?
Varwherevar · adverbmodifies befanniini · prepositionpreposition marking världenallallall · determiner, common gender, singularpart of the phrase ivärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of befannbefannwasbefann · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencereflexive befinna sig = 'to be located'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of befannsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of befannUntil now he had only stood looking up at the sky after the geese, but now he happened to glance around him.
Hittillsso farhittills · adverbmodifies ståtthadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ståtthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ståttbarajustbara · adverbmodifies ståttståttstoodstå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtittatlookedtittaa · verb, active, supinecoordinated with ståttuppupupp · adverbdepends on tittatmotatmot · prepositionpreposition marking himlenhimlenskyhiml · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tittatefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking gässengässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies himlengässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies råkathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkatråkathappened toråka · verb, active, supinemodifies kastakastato throwkasta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with ståttenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of blickblickglanceblick · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kastaomkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of kastaHe had not fallen onto level ground, but into a deep and wide cleft in the rock, or whatever it might be.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fallithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fallitintenotinte · particlemodifies fallitfallitfallenfalli · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencenerdownner · adverbdepends on fallitpåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking markenslätasmoothslät · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fallitutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
iintoi · prepositionpreposition marking djupenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of djupdjupdeepdjup · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fallitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvidwidevid · prepositionpreposition marking bergklyftabergklyftaa rock cleftbergklyfta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with djupelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of varadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varavarabevara · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with fallitIt was a chamber as big as a church, with almost sheer rock walls on every side and no roof at all.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of rumvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to rumettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of rumrumroomrum · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesåasså · adverbmodifies stortstortbigstor · adverbcoordinated with rumAdverbial use of stor ('big'); e.g. 'inte stort' = 'not much'.
somassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kyrkaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kyrkakyrkachurchkyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on stortmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking klippväggarnästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies lodrätalodrätasheerlodrät · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies klippväggarklippväggarrock wallsklippvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of rumpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sidorallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of sidorsidorsidessida · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies klippväggarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies takutanwithoututan · prepositionpreposition marking taktakrooftak · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with sidorOn the ground lay a few large boulders, and between them grew moss and lingonberry sprigs and small low birches.
Påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågolågolaylågo · verb, active, supinemodifies stenblockHistorical plural past-tense form of 'ligga' (to lie).
någrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of stenblockstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stenblockstenblockbouldersstenblock · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of växteväxtegrewväxa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemossamossmossa · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of växteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlingonrislingonberry sprigslingonris · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with mossaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies björkarlågalowlåg · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies björkarbjörkarbirchesbjörka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with mossaHere and there were ledges jutting from the walls, and from these hung a few broken ladders.
Härherehär · adverbhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase Härdärtheredär · adverbmodifies utsprångfunnosthere werefunnos · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies utsprångthis is the archaic plural past tense of finnas ('to exist'), not a noun.
utsprångledgesutsprång · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralpart of the phrase Häriini · prepositionpreposition marking väggarnaväggarnawallsvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies utsprångochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking dessadessathesedenna · pronoun, pluraloblique complement of hängdehängdehunghänga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with hängdenerdownner · adverbdepends on hängdenågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of stegartrasigabrokentrasig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stegarstegarladderssteg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hängdeOn one side a black opening gaped, which looked as though it led far into the mountain.
Påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sidanenaoneena · adjective, nominativemodifies sidansidansidesida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of öppnadeöppnadeopenedöppna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of öppnadeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of valvsvartblacksvar · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies valvThe lemma should be svart ("black"); the parser mistagged the surface "svart" under the noun svar ("answer").
valvopeningvalv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of öppnadesomwhichsom · pronounsubject of sågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
sågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on valvpast tense of se, 'to see.'
utlookut · adverbdepends on sågatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ledainfinitive marker before a verb.
ledato leadleda · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on såglångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies bergetinåtintoinåt · prepositionpreposition marking bergetbergetmountainberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of leda- 8
The boy had not flown over the Bergslagen country for a whole day for nothing.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies hadeförgävesin vainförgäves · adverbmodifies faritfarittraveledfara · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hadeframforwardfram · adverbmodifies faritöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking BergslagernaBergslagernaBergslagenBergslagerna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of framThe Bergslagen mining region.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of daghelwholehel · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies dagdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of farit He understood at once that the great cleft had come about because people, in olden days, had quarried ore out of the mountain at this very spot.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstodförstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies förstodattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of uppståttdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of klyftanstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies klyftanweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
klyftangorgeklyfta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of uppståtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of uppståttuppståttarisenuppstå · verb, active, supineclausal complement of förstoddärigenombecausedärigenom · adverbmodifies uppståttattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of brutitmänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive fordomdagsfordomdagsin olden daysfordomdag · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of brutithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of brutitbrutitbrokenbruta · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on uppståttmalmoremalm · proper noun, nominativedirect object of brutitCommon noun 'ore', mistagged as proper noun.
urout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking bergetbergetmountainberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of brutitpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking ställetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ställethärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase detställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of brutit"But I had better try to climb back up to the surface at once," he thought, "for otherwise I'm afraid my traveling companions won't find me."
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fårfårhad betterfå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceallthad betterallt · adverbmodifies försökagenastat oncegenast · adverbpart of the phrase alltförsökato tryförsöka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fåratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of klättrainfinitive marker before a verb.
klättrato climbklättra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försökaoppupopp · adverbdepends on klättraColloquial/dialectal spelling of 'upp'.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking jordenjordenearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of klättraigenagainigen · adverbmodifies klättratänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to fårhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkteförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of räddeljestotherwiseeljest · adverbmodifies räddärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to räddjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räddräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of tänkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fårreskamraternatraveling companionsreskamrat · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fårintenotinte · particlemodifies fårfårfindfå · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on tänkteredafind outreda · adverbdepends on fårpart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påfindpå · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of får- 9
He was just about to walk up to the rock wall when someone grabbed hold of him from behind, and he heard a gruff voice growl close to his ear: "What sort of a thing are you?"
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåskullewas about toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåjustjustjust · adverbmodifies gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceframforwardfram · adverbdepends on gåtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking bergväggenbergväggenthe rock wallbergvägg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of gådåwhendå · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tognågonsomeonenågon · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gåfattholdfatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on togOccurs in the fixed idiom 'få/gripa fatt (i)', 'to get/grab hold (of)'.
iofi · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of togbakifrånfrom behindbakifrån · prepositionmodifies togochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with togenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of röstgrovgruffgrov · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies röströstvoiceröst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördebrummagrowlbrumma · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of togtättclosetätt · adverbmodifies örainvidclose toinvid · adverbpart of the phrase tättFunctions as a preposition ("right next to") in these examples.
sitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of örapossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
öraearöra · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies brummaVadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phraseärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to Vadduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Vadförsort offör · prepositionpreposition marking enenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Vad - 10
The boy spun around quickly, and in his first astonishment he thought he had before him a great boulder,
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändevändeturnedvän · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceReally the past tense 'vände' of the verb vända ('to turn'), mistagged here under lemma vän.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vändehastigtquicklyhastig · adverbmodifies vändeomaroundom · prepositiondepends on vändeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiini · prepositionpreposition marking häpenhetenförstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies häpenhetensurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
häpenhetenthe astonishmenthäpenhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vändehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tyckteframförin front offramför · prepositionmodifies hadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativepart of the phrase framförettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of stenblockstortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies stenblockstenblockboulderstenblock · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of framför - 11
clad in brownish-gray hanging moss, but then he noticed that the boulder had broad feet to walk on, a head, eyes, and a big, growling mouth.
klättcladklä · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking långmossabrungråbrownish-graybrungrå · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies långmossalångmossahanging mosslångmossa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of klättmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies märktemärktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with klätthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadestenblocketboulderstenblock · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of märktebredabroadbred · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fötterfötterfeetfött · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hadeSurface 'fötter/fötterna' (feet) of 'fot'; lemma is a spelling artifact.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gåinfinitive marker before a verb.
gågogå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hademedwithmed · prepositiondepends on gåhuvudheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with gåögoneyesögon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with gåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with gåbrummandegrowlingbrumma · adjective, nominativecoordinated with stormunmouthmun · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with stor - 12
He could not bring himself to answer, and the great animal did not seem to expect one either.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of komintenotinte · particlemodifies komförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of svaraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of svarainfinitive marker before a verb.
svarato answersvara · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on komnågotanythingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of svaraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tycktestycktesseemedtycktes · verb, past, indicativeadverbial clause on väntaintenotinte · particlemodifies tyckteshellereitherheller · adverbmodifies tycktesdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of djuretstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies djuretweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
djuretanimaldjur · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of väntaväntato waitvänta · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to komsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vänta It knocked him over, rolled him back and forth with its paw, and sniffed at him.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with slogslogknocked overslå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
omkulloveromkull · adverbmodifies slogUsed with verbs of falling/knocking, e.g. 'slog omkull' = 'knocked over'.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of slogrulladerolledrulla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sloghonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of rulladeframforwardfram · adverbmodifies rulladeochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase framtillbakabacktillbaka · adverbpart of the phrase frammedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking fotenfotenfootfot · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rulladeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnosadesniffednosa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with rulladepåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nosadeIt seemed just about ready to swallow him whole, but then it changed its mind and called out: "Murre and Brumme, my cubs, come here, you shall have something good to taste!"
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with tycktestycktesseemedtycktes · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentencejustjustjust · adverbmodifies färdigtvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to färdigtfärdigtreadyfärdig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of tycktesatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of slukainfinitive marker before a verb.
slukaswallow wholesluka · verb, active, infinitivedepends on färdigthonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of slukamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies ändradeändradechangedändra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tycktesdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of tanketankethoughttanke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ändradeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ändradeMurreMurremurre · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationBrummeBrummeBrumme · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Murreungarnacubsunge · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldepends on Murreminamyjag · pronoun, pluralcoordinated with MurreThis entry is really the possessive "mina" (plural agreement), mistagged under the lemma jag.
komcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fåhitherehit · adverbmodifies komskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
fåhavefå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencenågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardirect object of fågottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase någotatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of smakainfinitive marker before a verb.
smakatastesmaka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fåch31-p27-s3 'det fick smaka i hungersnödens dagar' = 'it had to do in those days of famine' — idiomatic 'make do/suffice', not literally 'taste'.
påtastepå · prepositionpreposition marking smaka- 13
At once a pair of shaggy cubs came rushing up, unsteady on their feet and soft in the skin like puppies.
Straxat oncestrax · adverbmodifies kommokommocamekommo · adjective, nominativehead of the phraseHistorical plural past tense of komma ("to come"), not an adjective.
ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ungarlurvigashaggylurvig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ungarungarcubsunge · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kommoframrusanderushing forwardframrusande · adjective, nominativedirect object of kommosomthatsom · pronounsubject of osäkraThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralpart of the phrase somarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
osäkraunsteadyosäker · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on framrusandepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking fotenfotenfootfot · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of osäkraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmjukasoftmjuk · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with osäkraiini · prepositionpreposition marking skinnetskinnetskinskinn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of mjukasomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hundvalparhundvalparpuppieshundvalpar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kommo - 14
"What is it you've come across, mother bear?
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phraseärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to Vaddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with Vadsomwhatsom · pronoundirect object of kommitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommitsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinedepends on Vadöveracrossöver · prepositiondepends on kommitbjörnmormother bearbjörnmor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with kommit Let us see, let us see?" cried the cubs.
Fårlet usfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of seviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sefårlet usfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of seviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of seseseese · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceungarnacubsunge · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of ropade- 15
"So it's bears I've fallen in with," thought the boy.
JasåsoJaså · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of björnarInterjection mistagged as a noun; expresses mild surprise or acknowledgment and its English rendering shifts with tone.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of björnarärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to björnarbjörnarbearsbjören · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounsubject of råkatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkatråkatfallen in withråka · verb, active, supinerelative clause on björnarutfall in withut · adverbdepends on råkatförwithför · prepositionpreposition marking råkattänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to björnarpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkte "Then I'm afraid Smirre Fox needn't trouble himself any more to hunt after me."
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies räddärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to räddjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räddräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of göraSmirreSmirresmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativesubject of göraName of Smirre the fox; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a comparative adjective.
rävfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase Smirreintenotinte · particlemodifies göramerany moremycket · adverbmodifies görabehöverneedbehöva · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of göragöratakegöra · verb, active, infinitivedepends on räddsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of görabesvärtroublebesvär · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of göraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of jagainfinitive marker before a verb.
jagato huntjaga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on göraefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of jaga- 16
The she-bear pushed the boy toward the cubs with her paw, and one of them snatched him up and ran off with him.
Björnhonanthe she-bearBjörnhonan · proper noun, nominativesubject of skötskötpushedskötma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositiondepends on skötramenpawram · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase medpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skötframforwardfram · adverbmodifies skötmottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking ungarnaungarnacubsunge · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of framochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of enaenaone ofena · adjective, nominativesubject of nappadeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies enanappadesnatchednappa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sköthonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of nappadetilltowardtill · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of nappadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsprangransprangma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with nappadeLemma is corrupted; surfaces are only "sprang" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma.
undanoffundan · adverbdepends on sprangmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sprang But he did not bite hard, for he was playful and wanted to amuse himself with Thumbietot a while before killing him.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of betbetbitbet · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralintroduces the clause of lekfullintenotinte · particlemodifies bettillbitetill · prepositiondepends on bethårthardhård · adverbpart of the phrase tillförforför · prepositionpreposition marking hanhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lekfullvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to lekfulllekfullplayfullekfull · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of roaroato amuseroa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with lekfullsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of roamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking TummetottTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of roathe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of Tummetottinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dödadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dödadedödadekilleddöda · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on roahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of dödadeThe other came after to snatch the boy for himself, and however he came lumbering along, he happened to fall right down on top of the one carrying the boy.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andraandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceefterafterefter · prepositiondepends on komförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of ryckaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ryckainfinitive marker before a verb.
ryckapull/snatchrycka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on komtillsnatchtill · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of ryckapojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ryckaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhurhowhur · adverbmodifies klumpadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of klumpadeklumpadelumberedklumpa · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on åstadåstadoffåstad · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with komAdverb 'åstad' (off, away); mistagged as proper noun.
komcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with komhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fallainfinitive marker before a verb.
fallato fallfalla · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of komrättrighträtt · adverbmodifies nernerdownner · adverbmodifies fallaöveron top oföver · prepositionpreposition marking huvudethuvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of nerpåon top ofpå · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of fallasomwhosom · pronounsubject of barThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
barcarriedba · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on denTagged present tense, but every occurrence is the old preterite of bära ("carried"), not the present.
pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of barThen they rolled over each other, bit at one another, clawed, and growled.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies rulladerulladerolledrulla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of rulladesurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
omoverom · prepositionpreposition marking varandravarandraeach othervarandra · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of rulladebetosbit each otherbetos · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with varandraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationklöstesclawed one anotherklöstes · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with varandraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbrummadegrowledbrummad · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with varandra- 17
During this the boy got loose, ran over to the rock wall, and began climbing up it.
Underduringunder · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komlöslooselös · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of komsprangransprangma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with komLemma is corrupted; surfaces are only "sprang" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma.
bortåttowardbortåt · adverbmodifies bergväggenbergväggenthe rock wallbergvägg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of sprangochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of klättraklättrato climbklättra · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with spranguppförupuppför · adverbdepends on klättradenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of uppför Then both bear cubs rushed after him, climbing quickly and nimbly up the rock, caught up with him, and threw him down onto the moss like a ball.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies rusaderusaderushedrusa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebådabothbåda · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies björnungarnabjörnungarnathe bear cubsbjörnung · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of rusadeefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rusadeklättradeclimbedklättra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with rusaderasktbrisklyrask · adverbmodifies klättradeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvigtnimblyvig · adverbmodifies uppåtuppåtupwarduppåt · adverbcoordinated with rasktbergetmountainberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of klättradehunnocaught up withhunno · adjective, nominativecoordinated with klättrademistagged as an adjective; it is the past plural of 'hinna' (to have time/to catch up).
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of klättradeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with klättradehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of kastadenerdownner · adverbmodifies kastadepåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking mossanmossanmossmossa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nersomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bollenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bollbollballboll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of kastade"Now I know how a poor little rat feels when it has fallen into the cat's claws," thought the boy.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vethurhowhur · adverbmodifies vetenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of råttstackarelitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies råttstackareråttstackarepoor little ratråttstackare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of vetdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of harnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of råkatdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of råkatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkatråkatfallen intoråka · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hariintoi · prepositionpreposition marking klorkattensthe cat'skatt · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of klorklorclawskla · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of råkatModern headword is 'klo'; lemma appears truncated as 'kla'.
tänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on harpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkte- 18
He tried several times to flee.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försökteförsöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencefleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of försökteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of flyinfinitive marker before a verb.
flyto fleefly · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying gångerundanawayundan · adverbdepends on fly He ran deep into the old mine gallery, hid behind the boulders, and climbed up into the birches, but the bear cubs found him out wherever he got to.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sprangsprangransprang · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedjuptdeeplydjup · adverbmodifies spranginåtintoinåt · prepositionpreposition marking gruvgångendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gruvgångengamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gruvgångengruvgångenthe mine gallerygruvgång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of spranggömdehidgömde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sprangsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of gömdebakombehindbakom · prepositionpreposition marking stenarnastenarnathe stonesstene · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gömdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationklättradeclimbedklättra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gömdeuppupupp · adverbdepends on klättradeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking björkarnabjörkarnabirchesbjörk · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of klättrademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbjörnungarnathe bear cubsbjörnungarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of togotogotooktogo · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gömdeOld plural past tense of taga/ta ('to take').
redafind outreda · adverbdepends on togopart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påfoundpå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of togovarwasvara · determiner, common gender, singularcopula linking to gjordemistagged as a determiner; the surface 'var' here is the past tense of vara 'to be'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordeänwhereverän · adverbmodifies gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gömdeavget toav · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of gjordeAs soon as they had caught him, they let him loose again, so that he would run off anew and they could amuse themselves catching him.
Såasså · adverblinks the coordinationsnartsoonsnart · adverbpart of the phrase Sådetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fångathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fångatfångatcaughtfånga · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on släpptehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of fångatsläpptereleasedsläppte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of släpptehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of släpptelöslooselös · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of släppteförso thatför · prepositionintroduces the clause of springaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase förhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of springaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of springaspringato runspringa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on släppteOne cited example uses the homograph springa "slit/crack" (a different noun); this type is the infinitive verb "to run".
undanoffundan · adverbdepends on springapåagainpå · prepositionpreposition marking nyttnyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of springaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of roaskullecouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of roafåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of roaroato amuseroa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with springasigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of roamedwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of fångaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fångainfinitive marker before a verb.
fångato catchfånga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on roaininin · adverbdepends on fångahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of fånga- 19
At last the boy grew so tired and weary of it all that he threw himself down flat on the ground.
Tillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies blevsistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase Tillblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevsåsoså · adverbmodifies blevtrötttiredtrött · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationledwearyled · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with blevSecond example 'när det led mot kvällen' = 'as evening drew near' is the verb lida ('led' = past tense), not the noun led — mistagged here.
vidofvid · prepositionpreposition marking alltsammansalltsammansall of italltsammans · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blevattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kastadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kastadekastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of blevsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kastadeomkulloveromkull · adverbmodifies kastadeUsed with verbs of falling/knocking, e.g. 'slog omkull' = 'knocked over'.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of omkull "Run away," growled the bear cubs, "or else we'll eat you up!"
SpringRun!spring · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseImperative of the verb 'springa' (to run); mistagged as a noun.
undanawayundan · adverbdepends on Springbrummadegrowledbrumma · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Springbjörnungarnathe bear cubsbjörnungarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of brummadeannarsotherwiseannars · adverbmodifies äterätereatäta · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to brummadeviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of äteroppupopp · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on ätermistagged as a verb; this is the dialectal/colloquial adverb opp, a variant of upp 'up'.
digyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of äter— "Well, you'll just have to," said the boy, "I haven't the strength to run any more."
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on göradetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of görafårhave tofå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of göraniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of görasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
göradogöra · verb, active, infinitivemodifies »sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to görapojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of orkarorkarmanagesorka · verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of springaintenotinte · particlemodifies springaspringato runspringa · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to göraOne cited example uses the homograph springa "slit/crack" (a different noun); this type is the infinitive verb "to run".
merany moremycket · adverbmodifies springaAt once both cubs tumbled off to the she-bear.
Genastat onceGenast · adverbmodifies tumladetumladetumbledtumla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebådabothbåda · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ungarnaungarnacubsunge · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive tumladebortawaybort · adverbmodifies tumladetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking björnhonanbjörnhonanthe she-bearbjörnhona · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tumlade"Mother bear, mother bear, he won't play anymore!" they complained.
BjörnmorMother BearBjörnmor · proper noun, nominativedepends on »björnmormother bearbjörnmor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Björnmorhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lekavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lekaintenotinte · particlemodifies lekalekato playleka · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to Björnmormerany moremycket · adverbmodifies lekaklagadecomplainedklaga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of klagade— "Then you'll just have to divide him evenly between you," said mother bear.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies taskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of taniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
tato taketa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdelato sharedela · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with tahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of delajämntevenlyjämn · adverbmodifies delamellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of delasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tabjörnmormother bearbjörnmor · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sadeBut when the boy heard this, he grew so frightened that he at once started the game again.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hördepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blevdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hördeblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevsåsoså · adverbmodifies räddräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of börjadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadestraxat oncestrax · adverbmodifies börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of blevlekenplaylek · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of börjadeigenagainigen · adverbmodifies började- 20
When it was time to lie down and the she-bear called the cubs to come creep close to her and sleep, they had had such fun that they wanted to keep up the same game the next day.
Närwhennär · adverbintroduces the clause of blevFunctions as a subordinating conjunction, not an adverb.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activepassive auxiliary of liggdagsliggdagsbedtimeliggdag · proper noun, genitivehead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbjörnhonanthe she-bearbjörnhona · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with liggdagskalladecalledkalla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with liggdagspåforpå · prepositionpreposition marking ungarnaungarnacubsunge · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kalladeförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of krypaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase fördetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of krypaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of krypakrypato creepkrypa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on liggdagsintillnext tointill · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of krypaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with krypahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of haftdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supineparallel clause to liggdagssåsuchså · adverbmodifies roligtroligtfunrolig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of haftattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fortsättadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fortsättavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fortsättafortsättato continuefortsätta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on haftmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking leksammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of leklekplaylek · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fortsättanästanextnästa · adjective, nominativemodifies dagdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lek They took the boy between them and laid their paws over him, so that he could not move without waking them.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of pojkenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
togotooktogo · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of röramellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativemodifies pojkenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationladelaidla · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on pojken"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
tassarnatheir pawstases · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of ladeöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ladesåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of röraattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of röraintenotinte · particlemodifies röraskullecouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of rörakunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of röraröramoveröra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of rörautanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of vaknadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vaknadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of vaknadevaknadewoke upvakna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on röraThey fell asleep at once, and the boy thought that in a little while he would try to slip away from them.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of somnadesomnadefell asleepsomna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencestraxat oncestrax · adverbmodifies somnadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with somnadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of försökaomifom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking stundenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of försökaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of försökahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försökaförsökato tryförsöka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tänkteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of smygainfinitive marker before a verb.
smygato sneaksmyga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försökasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of smygaifrånfromifrån · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of smygaBut never in his whole life had he been so thrown about and rolled and chased and spun, and he was so thoroughly worn out that he fell asleep too.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies liviini · prepositionpreposition marking livhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies livsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of livpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
livlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies kastadkastadthrownkastad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrulladrolled aboutrulla · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with kastadochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagadchasedjagad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with rulladochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsnurradspun aroundsnurrad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with jagadochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of genomtröttvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to genomtröttsåveryså · adverbmodifies genomtröttgenomtröttthoroughly exhaustedgenomtrött · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with blivitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of somnadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of somnadesomnadefell asleepsomna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on genomtrötthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of genomtröttocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies genomtrött- 21
When some time had passed, father bear came climbing down the rock wall.
Närwhennär · adverbintroduces the clause of liditFunctions as a subordinating conjunction, not an adverb.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of lidithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of liditliditpassedlidi · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on komomafterom · prepositionpreposition marking stundenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of liditkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on utförbjörnfarfather bearbjörnfar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of komklättrandeclimbingklättrande · adjective, nominativesubject of utförutfördownutföra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceFunctions here as the adverb/preposition "down" (utför trappan/kullen), not the unrelated verb utföra ("to perform").
klippväggenthe rock wallklippvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of utför The boy woke at the sound of loose stone and gravel being scraped free as he came sliding down into the old mine.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vaknadevaknadewoke upvakna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceavbecauseav · prepositionintroduces the clause of revattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of revhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of revrevscraped freereva · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on vaknadelöslooselös · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stenstenstonesten · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of revochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgrusgravelgrus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with stennärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hasadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hasadehasadeslid downhasa · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on vaknadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of hasadenerdownner · adverbmodifies hasadeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking gruvandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gruvangamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gruvangruvanminegruva · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hasadeThe boy hardly dared move much, but he stretched and turned himself so that he could see the bear.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies tordestordesdaredtor · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentencetordes is the archaic past tense of töras/tordas ("to dare").
pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive tordesröramoveröra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tordessighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of röramycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies röramenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sträcktesträcktestretchedsträcka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tordesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvändeturnedväna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sträcktePast tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända.
påaroundpå · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of sträcktesåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of seattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sträcktebjörnenbearbjörn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of seIt was a terribly massive and powerfully built old male with enormous paws, big glistening fangs, and small, wicked eyes.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of hannevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to hanneenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hanneförfärligtterriblyförfärlig · adverbmodifies grovgrovmassivegrov · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hanneochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstarktpowerfullystark · adverbmodifies byggdAdverbial form 'starkt' modifying nouns like a predicate adjective in these examples, sense shifts between 'loud' and 'strong/solid'.
byggdbuiltbygga · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with grovgammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hannehannemalehanne · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ramarväldigahugeväldig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ramarramarpawsram · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies hannestorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ramarglimmandeglisteningglimma · adjective, nominativemodifies hörntänderhörntänderfangshörntänd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with ramarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ögonelakawickedelak · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ögonögoneyesögon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with ramarThe boy could not help a shudder or two running through him when he saw the old king of the forest.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hjälpakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hjälpaintenotinte · particlemodifies hjälpahjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gickdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of hjälpaettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies rysningarrysningarshuddersrysning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of gickgenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies rysningarnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of såghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gickpast tense of se, 'to see.'
denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skogskungengamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies skogskungenskogskungenforest kingskogskung · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of såg- 22
"There's a smell of human here," said father bear, as soon as he came up to mother bear, growling like thunder.
Härherehär · adverbmodifies luktarluktarsmellslukta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetaen · determiner, neuter, singularexpletive with luktarmänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of luktarsadesaidsaa · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to luktarlemma should be säga 'to say'; sade/sa are its past-tense forms.
björnfarfather bearbjörnfar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sadesåasså · adverbintroduces the clause of komfortfastfort · adverbpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with luktarframforwardfram · adverbdepends on komtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking björnmorbjörnmormother bearbjörnmor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbrummadegrowledbrumma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with luktarsomlikesom · prepositionintroduces the clause of åskaFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of åskaåskathunderåska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of brummade - 23
"How can you imagine anything so foolish?" said mother bear, lying calmly where she was.
Hurhowhur · adverbmodifies inbillakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of inbilladuyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of inbillainbillato imagineinbilla · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of inbillanågotanythingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of inbillasåsoså · adverbmodifies dumtdumtfoolishdumd · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of inbillasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebjörnmormother bearbjörnmor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlåglowlåg · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sadelugntcalmlylugnt · adverbsubject of sadekvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on sadepåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking platssinhersig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of platsplatsplaceplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sade "It's agreed, after all, that we're not to do people any harm any longer.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with överenskommetärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to överenskommetjuafter allju · adverbmodifies överenskommetöverenskommetagreedöverenskommen · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of göraviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of göraintenotinte · particlemodifies göraskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of göragöradogöra · verb, active, infinitivedepends on överenskommetmänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralindirect object of göranågonanynågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skadaskadaharmskada · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of göranumeranowadaysnumera · adverbmodifies skadaBut should one of them show up here, where I and the cubs keep to, there wouldn't be enough left of her for you to smell at all."
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvisadeshowedvisa · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on blisigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of visadeenoneman · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of visadeSurfaces are only "en"/"En" used as a counting pronoun ("en av dem" = "one of them"), not the indefinite generic pronoun man/en ("one does X"). Lemma is mistagged as man; it should be en (numeral pronoun "one"). Gloss "one" happens to still be correct.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies enhärherehär · adverbmodifies visadedärtheredär · adverbmodifies hållerjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hållerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationungarnacubsunge · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with jaghållerkeepshålla · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on visadetilllivetill · prepositiondepends on hållersåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on bliskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blidetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with bliintenotinte · particlemodifies bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycken · adverbmodifies blikvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on bliavofav · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bliattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kännaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kännakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kännakännato feelkänna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on bliluktensmelllukt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kännaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångat allgång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of känna- 24
Father bear lay down beside mother bear, but did not seem quite satisfied with the answer, for he could not help sniffing and testing the air.
BjörnfarFather BearBjörnfar · proper noun, nominativesubject of ladethe bear character's name, rendered by the translation as 'Father bear'.
ladelay downla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentence"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ladenerdownner · adverbmodifies ladebredvidbesidebredvid · prepositionpreposition marking björnmorbjörnmormother bearbjörnmor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtycktesseemedtycktes · verb, past, indicativemodifies nöjdintenotinte · particlemodifies nöjdvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to nöjdriktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies nöjdnöjdpleasednöjd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with lademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking svaretsvaretanswersvar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of nöjdförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of låtahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låtakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of låtaintenotinte · particlemodifies låtalåtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on ladeblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låtaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of snusainfinitive marker before a verb.
snusasniffsnusa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of bliochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvädratest the airvädra · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with snusa - 25
"Stop that sniffing about!" said mother bear.
Slutastopsluta · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceoppupoppa · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on SlutaDialectal form of upp ("up"), a particle, not a finite verb; the parser mistagged it.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of oppdärtheredär · adverbmodifies oppvädrandetthe sniffingvädrande · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of oppsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebjörnmormother bearbjörnmor · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sade "You must surely know me well enough to know I don't let anything dangerous come near the cubs.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kännamåttemustmåtte · adverbmodifies kännaModal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means "must"; the perfect sense ("must have") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain "must."
välsurelyväl · adverbmodifies kännakännato feelkänna · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of kännasåenoughså · adverbmodifies välvälwellväl · adverbmodifies kännaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vetduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kännaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of låterjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låterintenotinte · particlemodifies låterlåterletlåta · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of kännanågotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of farligtfarligtdangerousfarlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låteriini · prepositiondepends on kommanärhetenvicinitynärhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iavofav · prepositionpreposition marking ungarnaungarnacubsunge · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kommaTell me instead what you have been up to!
TalatellTala · nounhead of the phraseiinsteadi · prepositionmodifies Talaställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase iomtellom · prepositionintroduces the clause of haftvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of haftduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haftharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on Talaförup toför · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of haftI haven't seen you all week."
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of settintenotinte · particlemodifies settsettseense · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of settpåallpå · prepositionpreposition marking veckanhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies veckanveckanweekvecka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sett- 26
"I've been out looking around for a new dwelling place," said father bear.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of migharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of migvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to migochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsettseense · verb, active, supinecoordinated with varitmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseomifom · subordinating conjunctionmodifies migefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking boplatsenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of boplatsnynewny · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies boplatsboplatsdwelling placeboplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of migsadesaidsaa · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to miglemma should be säga 'to say'; sade/sa are its past-tense forms.
björnfarfather bearbjörnfar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sade "First I went over to Värmland to find out from the relatives in Ekshärad how things were for them in that country, but it was needless trouble.
Förstfirstförst · adverbmodifies gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gicköveroveröver · adverbdepends on gicktilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking VärmlandVärmlandVärmlandVärmland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of gickA Swedish province.
förtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of vetaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vetainfinitive marker before a verb.
fåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of vetavetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gickavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking släktingarnasläktingarnarelativessläkting · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies vetaiini · prepositionpreposition marking EkshäradEkshäradEkshäradEkshärad · proper noun, nominativemodifies släktingarnahurhowhur · adverbmodifies hadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on vetadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hadedärtheredär · adverbmodifies hadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of därmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of besvärvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to besväronödigtunnecessaryonödig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies besvärbesvärtroublebesvär · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with gickThey were all gone.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebortagoneborta · adverbmodifies varallihopall of themallihop · pronoun, pluraldirect object of varThere wasn't a single bear's den left in the whole forest."
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
intenotinte · particlemodifies fannsettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of björnidebjörnidebear's denbjörnide · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannskvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on fannsiini · prepositionpreposition marking skogenhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fanns- 27
"I believe people want to be alone on the earth," said mother bear.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blimänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of blivillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of trorensammaaloneensam · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of blipåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking jordenjordenearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blisadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to trorbjörnmormother bearbjörnmor · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sade "Even if one leaves livestock and folk in peace and lives only on lingonberries and ants and greens, one still isn't allowed to stay on in the forest.
Tilleventill · prepositionintroduces the clause of lämnarochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase Tillmedwithmed · prepositionpart of the phrase Tillomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lämnarenaen · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of lämnarlämnarleaveslämna · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on fårboskaplivestockboskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of lämnarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with boskapiini · prepositionpreposition marking fredfredpeacefred · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies folkochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbarajustbara · adverbmodifies leverleverlivesleva · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with lämnaravonav · prepositionpreposition marking lingonlingonlingonberrieslingon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of leverochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmyrorantsmyra · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with lingonochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgröntgreengrön · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with lingonsåstillså · adverbadverbial clause on fårfårisn't allowedfå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of bointenotinte · particlemodifies boboto livebo · verb, active, infinitivedirect object of får"To dwell/live"; not to be confused with bo, "nest".
kvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on boiini · prepositionpreposition marking skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of boI do wonder where we're to move to, to be left in peace."
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undrarundrarwondersundra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejustjustjust · adverbmodifies undrarvartwherevart · adverbmodifies flyttaviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of flyttaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of flyttakunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of flyttaflyttamoveflytta · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of undrarförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of varaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of varainfinitive marker before a verb.
fåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of varavarabevara · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on flyttaiini · prepositionpreposition marking fredfredpeacefred · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vara- 28
"Here in this old mine shaft we've had it excellent for many years," said father bear.
Härherehär · adverbmodifies gruvstöteniini · prepositionpreposition marking gruvstötengruvstötenthe mine pitgruvstöt · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of harharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of haftviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of haftjuafter allju · adverbmodifies hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of haftutmärktexcellentlyutmärkt · adverbmodifies brabrawellbra · adverbmodifies haftifori · prepositionpreposition marking årmångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies åråryearsår · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of haftsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to haftbjörnfarfather bearbjörnfar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sade "But I can't feel at home here any longer, now that that great noisy works has been put up right in our neighborhood.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trivaskancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of trivasintenotinte · particlemodifies trivastrivasto thrivetrivas · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencehärherehär · adverbmodifies trivassedanthensedan · adverbintroduces the clause of blivitdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of bullerverketstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies bullerverketweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
bullerverketnoisy worksbullerverk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of blivitthe industrial ironworks, called 'the noisy works' by the animals who dislike it.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on trivasrestbuiltrest · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitPast participle of resa in the sense 'to raise/erect (a building)'.
alldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies närhetiini · prepositionpreposition marking närhetvårourvi · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of närhetMistagged as a pronoun under lemma vi; vår here is the possessive "our", not the pronoun "we".
närhetvicinitynärhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of restJust now I've been out looking around east of the Dal River, over toward Garpenberg.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies sistsistlastsist · adverbmodifies varitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsettseense · verb, active, supinecoordinated with varitmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of settomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of österöstereastöster · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of settomofom · prepositionpreposition marking DalälvenDalälventhe Dal RiverDalälven · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of settbortåttowardbortåt · adverbmodifies GarpenbergGarpenbergGarpenbergGarpenberg · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with DalälvenThere too there were plenty of old mine pits and other good hiding places, and it seemed to me that one might go about there fairly undisturbed by people...
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies fannsgottplentygott · adverbmodifies fannsomofom · prepositiondepends on fannsgamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gruvhålgruvhålmine pitsgruvhål · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of fannsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with gruvhålbragoodbra · adjective, nominativemodifies gömställengömställenhiding placesgömställ · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with gruvhålochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fannsattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tycktepast tense of se, 'to see.'
utseemut · adverbdepends on sågsomassom · pronounsubject of gåThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of gåskullemightskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåfåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fannstämligenfairlytämligen · adverbmodifies fredadfredadundisturbedfreda · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of gåförbyför · prepositionpreposition marking människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gå- 29
Just as father bear said this, he got up and sniffed the air around him.
Ijust asi · prepositionpreposition marking björnfardetsammathe samedensamma · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of björnfarbjörnfarfather bearbjörnfar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sadesadesaidsaa · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on restelemma should be säga 'to say'; sade/sa are its past-tense forms.
dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of saderestegot upresa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of restesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of resteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvädradesniffed the airvädra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with resteomkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of vädrade "It's strange that whenever I speak of people, I catch that smell again," he said.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with besynnerligtärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to besynnerligtbesynnerligtstrangebesynnerlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of talarnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of talarjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talartalartalkstala · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on besynnerligtomofom · prepositionpreposition marking människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of talarkännerfeelskänna · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to besynnerligtjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kännerpåagainpå · prepositionpreposition marking dennyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies dendenaen · determiner, common gender, singularoblique complement of kännerdärtheredär · adverbmodifies kännerluktensmelllukt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kännersadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to kännerhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade- 30
"Go and look for yourself, if you don't believe me!" said mother bear.
Gågogå · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationseseese · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with Gåeftercheckefter · prepositiondepends on sesjälvyourselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies seomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of trorduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trorintenotinte · particlemodifies trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on Gåmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of trorsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebjörnmormother bearbjörnmor · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sade "I do wonder just where a human being could lie hidden down here."
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undrarundrarwondersundra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejustjustjust · adverbmodifies undrarvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies undrarnånstanswherenånstans · adverbpart of the phrase varenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of människamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of liggaskullecouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of liggakunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of liggaliggato lieligga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of undrargömdhiddengömd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardeterminer of härnerehärneredown herehärnere · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ligga- 31
The bear went all around the den, sniffing.
Björnenthe bearbjörn · proper noun, nominativesubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies hålanhålandenhåla · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickruntaroundrunt · adverbmodifies gickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvädradesniffed the airvädra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with runt At last he came and lay down without saying a word.
Tillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies komsistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase Tillkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationladelay downla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kom"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ladenerdownner · adverbmodifies ladeutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of sägaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sägainfinitive marker before a verb.
sägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on ladeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ordordwordord · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of säga"Wasn't that just what I knew?" said mother bear.
Varwasvar · adverbmodifies visstedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with Varintenotinte · particlemodifies visstedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of visstejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebjörnmormother bearbjörnmor · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sade"But of course you think no one but you has a nose or ears."
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceförståsof courseförstås · adverbmodifies trorattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of haringennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of mermerelsemycket · adverbsubject of haränthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of harduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of trornäsanosenäsa · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of harelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationöronearsöron · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with näsa- 32
"One can't be careful enough with the sort of neighbors we have," said father bear, quite calmly.
Eniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of försiktigkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of försiktigintenotinte · particlemodifies försiktigvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to försiktignogenoughnog · adverbmodifies försiktigförsiktigcarefulförsiktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking grannskapsådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies grannskapgrannskapneighborsgrannskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of försiktigsomthatsom · pronoundirect object of harThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on grannskapsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to försiktigbjörnfarfather bearbjörnfar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sadeheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies stillsamtstillsamtquietlystillsam · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of sade But then he sprang up with a roar.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies rytandeforsprangfor · prepositionpart of the phrase såPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase såuppupupp · adverbpart of the phrase såmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking rytandeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of rytanderytanderoaringryta · adjective, nominativehead of the phraseIt had so happened, unluckily, that one of the bear cubs had shifted its paw over Nils Holgersson's face, so that the poor fellow could not breathe and had begun to sneeze.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of fallithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fallitfallitfallenfalli · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of fallitsåsoså · adverbmodifies olyckligtolyckligtunluckilyolycklig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of fallitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of flyttatenoneman · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of flyttatSurfaces are only "en"/"En" used as a counting pronoun ("en av dem" = "one of them"), not the indefinite generic pronoun man/en ("one does X"). Lemma is mistagged as man; it should be en (numeral pronoun "one"). Gloss "one" happens to still be correct.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking björnungarnabjörnungarnathe bear cubsbjörnunge · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies enhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flyttatflyttatmovedflytta · verb, active, supineclausal complement of fallittassenthe pawtass · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of flyttatöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking NilsNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativepossessor of ansikteHolgerssonsHolgersson'sHolgersson · proper noun, genitivepossessor of ansikteansiktefaceansikte · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of flyttatsåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of andasattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sådenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stackarenstackarenthe poor fellowstackar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive andasintenotinte · particlemodifies andaskundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of andasandasto breatheanda · verb, passive, infinitiveadverbial clause on flyttatutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of börjatbörjatbegunbörja · verb, active, supinecoordinated with flyttatnysasneezenysa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies börjatNow there was no way for mother bear to keep father bear still any longer.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with stodintenotinte · particlemodifies stodtillpossibletill · prepositiondepends on stodförforför · prepositionpreposition marking björnmorbjörnmormother bearbjörnmor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hållainfinitive marker before a verb.
hållato keep stillhålla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stodbjörnfarfather bearbjörnfar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hållastillastillstilla · adverbmodifies hållalängreany longerlänge · adverbmodifies stillaHe tossed the cubs aside right and left and caught sight of the boy before the latter had managed to get up.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kastadekastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceundanasideundan · adverbdepends on kastadeungarnacubsunge · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of kastadeåttoåt · prepositionmodifies kastadehögerright (side)höger · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase åtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvänsterleftvänster · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with åtthe left side/direction.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfickcaught sightfå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with åtsynsightsyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fickinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hunnitdennehedenna · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of hunnitArchaic masculine demonstrative "denne" used anaphorically for a previously named male person.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hunnithunnithad timehinna · auxiliary verb, active, supineclause modifying pojkenresato travelresa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of hunnitsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of resauppupupp · adverbmodifies resa- 33
He would have swallowed him at once, had mother bear not thrown herself between them.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slukatskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slukathahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of slukatslukatswallowedsluka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of slukatgenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies slukatomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kastatintenotinte · particlemodifies kastatbjörnmormother bearbjörnmor · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of kastathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kastatkastatthrown herselfkasta · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on slukatsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kastatemellanbetweenemellan · prepositionmodifies kastat "Don't touch him!
RörtouchRöra · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of Rörintenotinte · particlemodifies RörHe belongs to the cubs," she said.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tillhörighetärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to tillhörighetungarnasthe cubs'ungare · noun, genitive, common gender, pluralpossessor of tillhörighettillhörighetpropertytillhörighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to tillhörighethonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade"They've had such fun with him all evening that they couldn't bring themselves to eat him up, but wanted to save him for the morning."
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of haftharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesåsuchså · adverbmodifies roligtroligtfunrolig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of haftmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hafthelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies kvällenkvälleneveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of haftattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of nändesdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of passive nändesintenotinte · particlemodifies nändesnändescould bring themselvesnändes · verb, past, indicative, passiveclause modifying kvällenAn older past form of nännas, meaning to have the heart to do something.
ätaeatäta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of nändesoppupoppa · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on ätaDialectal form of upp ("up"), a particle, not a finite verb; the parser mistagged it.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of ätautanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
villewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sparasparasavespara · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with nändeshonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sparatilluntiltill · prepositionpreposition marking morgonenmorgonenmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sparaBut the male bear shoved the she-bear aside.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbjörnhannenthe male bearbjörnhann · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vräktevräktehurledvräka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceundanasideundan · adverbdepends on vräktebjörnhonanthe she-bearbjörnhona · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of vräkte"Don't meddle in what you don't understand!" he roared.
Läggputlägga · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of Läggintenotinte · particlemodifies Läggiini · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of Läggsomwhatsom · pronoundirect object of begriperThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of begriperintenotinte · particlemodifies begriperbegriperunderstandbegripa · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on Läggrötroaredröt · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies hanPast tense of the verb 'ryta' (to roar/bellow), mistagged here as a noun.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Lägg"Can't you tell he smells of human a mile off?
KännertellKänna · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentence'Känna' covers 'know/recognize', 'feel', and (with lukta) 'smell/notice a smell'.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Kännerintenotinte · particlemodifies Kännerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of luktarhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of luktarluktarsmellslukta · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of Kännermänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of luktarlånga mile offlång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vägvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of luktarThat one I'm going to eat up at once, or else he'll play us some nasty trick."
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularhead of the phrasedärtheredär · adverbmodifies ätaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of ätajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ätaätaeatäta · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on Denoppupopp · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of ätaMistagged as a noun; opp is the colloquial spelling of upp, "up".
genastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies oppannarsotherwiseannars · adverbmodifies spelarspelarplayspela · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to Denhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of spelarossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluralindirect object of spelarnågotsomenågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sprattelaktnastyelakt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sprattspratttrickspratt · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of spelar- 34
He opened his jaws again, but by now the boy had gotten a little time, and in great haste had torn his sulfur matches out of his knapsack, which were the only means of defense he owned.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of öppnadeöppnadeopenedöppna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegapetjawsgap · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of öppnadepåagainpå · prepositionpreposition marking nyttnyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of öppnademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåttfåttgottenfå · verb, active, supinecoordinated with öppnadeliteta littleliten · adverbmodifies tidthis type bundles the positive and comparative degree forms (litet, mindre) under one entry.
tidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåttpåto sparepå · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of fåttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with öppnadeiini · prepositionmodifies rivitallallall · determiner, common gender, singularpart of the phrase ihastin hastehast · adverbpart of the phrase irivittorn outrivit · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hadeframforwardfram · adverbdepends on riviturout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking ränselnränselnknapsackränsel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rivitsinahissig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of svavelstickorsvavelstickorsulfur matchessvavelsticka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hadesomwhichsom · pronounsubject of voroThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
vorowerevoro · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on svavelstickordetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of försvarsmedelendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativemodifies försvarsmedelförsvarsmedelmeans of defenseförsvarsmedel · noun, nominative, neuter, singularin apposition to svavelstickorhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ägdeägdeownedägde · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on försvarsmedel He struck a light against his leather breeches and thrust the burning match into the bear's open jaws.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of strökströkstruckströk · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceeldfireeld · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of strökmotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking skinnbyxenskinnbyxenthe leather breechesskinnbyxe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of strökochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstackthruststack · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with skinnbyxenThis is actually the past tense of the verb stinga 'to stick/poke', mistagged as a noun.
denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of brinnandebrinnandeburningbrinnande · adjective, nominativemodifies stickanstickanthe matchstickan · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of strökininin · adverbmodifies stickaniini · prepositionpreposition marking gapetgapetjawsgap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of inpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking björnenbjörnenbearbjörn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gapet- 35
Father bear snorted when he caught the smell of sulfur, and with that the flame was out.
BjörnfarFather BearBjörnfar · proper noun, nominativehead of the phrasethe bear character's name, rendered by the translation as 'Father bear'.
fnössnortedfnös · noundepends on Björnfartillsnortedtill · prepositionmodifies Björnfarnärwhennär · adverbintroduces the clause of kändeFunctions as a subordinating conjunction, not an adverb.
kancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kändekändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on Björnfarsvavelluktenthe smell of sulfursvavellukt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kändeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärmedwith thatdärmed · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kändedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varuteoutsideute · adverbmodifies varmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking låganlåganflamelåga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of var The boy stood ready with a new match, but, oddly enough, father bear did not repeat the attack.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencefärdigreadyfärdig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of stodmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking stickaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stickanynewny · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stickastickamatchsticka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbesynnerligtstrangelybesynnerlig · adverbmodifies gjordenogenoughnog · adverbmodifies besynnerligtgjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodintenotinte · particlemodifies gjordebjörnfarfather bearbjörnfar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of gjordeomrepeatom · prepositionpreposition marking anfalletanfalletattackanfall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gjorde- 36
"Can you light many of those little blue roses?" asked father bear.
Kancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tändaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tändatändato lighttända · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sådanasådanasuchsån · pronoun, pluraloblique complement of tändaColloquial/old plural of sådan ('such').
därtheredär · adverbmodifies tändasmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies rosorblåablueblå · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies rosorrosorrosesrosa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of tändafrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebjörnfarfather bearbjörnfar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of frågade - 37
"I can light so many that they could put an end to the whole forest," answered the boy, for he thought that in this way he might be able to frighten the bear.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tändakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tändatändato lighttända · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies mångamångamanymånga · pronoun, pluralmodifies tändaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of göradetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of görakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of göragöraputgöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tändaslutendslut · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of görapåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking skogenhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of görasvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to tändapojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svaradeförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of troddehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of troddetroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on svaradeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skrämmahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skrämmapåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sättetsättetwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of skrämmaskullemightskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skrämmakunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of skrämmaskrämmato frightenskrämma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on svaradebjörnenbearbjörn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skrämma - 38
"Perhaps you could set fire to house and farm too?" said father bear.
Kanskeperhapskanske · adverbintroduces the clause of sättaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sättaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sättaskullecouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sättakunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of sättasättato set/putsätta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceeldfireeld · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sättapåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking hushushousehus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sättaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgårdfarmgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with husocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies sättasadesaidsadäge · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebjörnfarfather bearbjörnfar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sade - 39
"That would be no trick at all for me," boasted the boy, hoping the bear would come to respect him for it.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of konstvorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to konstingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of konstkonstartkonst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseförforför · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies konstdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularadverbial clause on konstskrötboastedskröt · verb, active, supinecoordinated with konstpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skrötochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhoppadesjumpedhoppa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with skrötattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåbjörnenbearbjörn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfågetfå · verb, active, infinitivedepends on skrötrespektrespectrespekt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåförforför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of få - 40
"That's good, that," said father bear.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of bravarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to brabragoodbra · adjective, nominativehead of the phrasedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularadverbial clause on brasadesaidsaa · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to bralemma should be säga 'to say'; sade/sa are its past-tense forms.
björnfarfather bearbjörnfar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sade "Then you shall do me a service.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies göraskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of göraduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of görafåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of göragöradogöra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of göraenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tjänsttjänstservicetjänst · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of göraNow I'm truly glad I didn't get around to eating you up."
Nunownu · adverbmodifies gladärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to gladjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gladriktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies gladgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ätajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ätaintenotinte · particlemodifies ätakomgot aroundkomma · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ätaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ätainfinitive marker before a verb.
ätaeatäta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gladoppupopp · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on ätamistagged as a verb; this is the dialectal/colloquial adverb opp, a variant of upp 'up'.
digyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of äta- 41
With that father bear took the boy quite carefully and gently between his teeth and began climbing up out of the pit.
Därmedwith thatdärmed · adverbmodifies togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebjörnfarfather bearbjörnfar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of togheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies försiktigtförsiktigtcarefullyförsiktig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of togochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarligtgentlyvarlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with försiktigtpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of togmellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking tändernatändernateethtand · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies pojkenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with togklättrato climbklättra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadeuppupupp · adverbdepends on klättraurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking hålanhålanpithåla · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of klättra It went incomprehensibly easily and smoothly for him, big and heavy as he was, and as soon as he got up top, he set off running into the forest.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceobegripligtincomprehensiblyobegriplig · adverbmodifies gicklätteasilylätt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies gickch01-p14 'ett lätt buller' renders as 'a faint noise' in the translation, a distinct sense from weight/air-lightness or ease.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationledigtsmoothlyledig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with lättförforför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickfastänalthoughfastän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of storhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of storvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to storsåasså · adverbmodifies storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on gickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtungheavytung · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with storochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåasså · adverbmodifies komsnartsoonsnart · adverbpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with storuppupupp · adverbdepends on kombörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to gickhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadespringato runspringa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadeOne cited example uses the homograph springa "slit/crack" (a different noun); this type is the infinitive verb "to run".
inåtintoinåt · prepositionpreposition marking skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of springaIt went at a good pace too.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies gickmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking fartgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fartfartspeedfart · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickIt was plain that father bear seemed made for pushing his way through thick forest.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with märktesmärkteswas evidentmärktes · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skapadbjörnfarfather bearbjörnfar · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive skapadvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to skapadsomassom · pronounsubject of skapadThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
skapadmadeskapa · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on märktesPast participle used adjectivally: 'created/made for'.
förforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of trängaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of trängainfinitive marker before a verb.
trängato force one's waytränga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skapadframforwardfram · adverbdepends on trängaithroughi · prepositionpreposition marking skogartätadensetät · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies skogarskogarforestsskog · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of framHis heavy body shot through the thickets like a boat through water.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kroppentungaheavytung · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies kroppenkroppenbodykropp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skötskötshotskötma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking snårensnårenthicketsnåre · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skötsomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of båtenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of båtbåtboatbåt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of skötgenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking vattnetvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies båt- 42
Father bear tramped on until he came to a rise at the edge of the forest, from where he could see the great ironworks.
BjörnfarFather BearBjörnfar · proper noun, nominativesubject of vandradethe bear character's name, rendered by the translation as 'Father bear'.
vandradewanderedvandra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåonpå · prepositionmodifies vandradetillsuntiltills · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on vandradeframforwardfram · adverbdepends on komtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking backeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of backebackerisebacke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komiati · prepositionpreposition marking skogsbrynetskogsbrynetedge of the forestskogsbryn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies backedärtheredär · adverbmodifies sehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on komdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of järnverketstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies järnverketweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
järnverketironworksjärnverk · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of se There he lay down, set the boy in front of him, and held him fast with both paws.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies ladeladelay downla · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ställde"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ladesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ladenerdownner · adverbmodifies ladeställdesetställa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ställdeframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of ställdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhöllheldhålla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ställdefastfastfast · adverbdepends on höllhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of höllmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ramarnabådabothbåda · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ramarnaramarnapawsram · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of höll- 43
"Now take a look down at this great noisy works!" he said to the boy.
Tittalook!titta · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies Tittanerdownner · adverbmodifies Tittapåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking bullerverketdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of bullerverkethärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase detstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies bullerverketweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
bullerverketthe noisy worksbullerverket · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of Tittasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sade - 44
The great ironworks rose up with many tall, large buildings at the edge of a waterfall.
Detaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of järnverketstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies järnverketweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
järnverketironworksjärnverk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of resteresteroseresa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of restemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking byggnadermångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies byggnaderhögatallhög · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies byggnaderochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with högabyggnaderbuildingsbyggnad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of restevidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking randenrandenedgerand · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies byggnaderavofav · prepositionpreposition marking vattenfallettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of vattenfallvattenfallwaterfallvattenfall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies randen Tall chimneys sent out black clouds of smoke, the blast furnaces' flames blazed, and light shone from every window and opening.
HögatallHöga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies skorstenarskorstenarchimneysskorsteen · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sändesändesent outsääggn · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceutoutut · adverbdepends on sändesvartablacksvart · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies rökmolnrökmolnclouds of smokerökmoln · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of sändemasugnarnasthe blast furnaces'masugnarnas · noun, genitive, common gender, pluralpossessor of lågorlågorflameslåga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of flammadeflammadeblazedflamma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with rökmolnochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking fönsterallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fönsterfönsterwindowsfönst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of lysteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgluggaropeningsglugg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with fönsterlysteshonelyste · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sändeTagged as an adjective but is the past tense of lysa, 'to shine'.
ljuslightljus · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of lysteInside, the hammers and rolling mills were running, and they worked with such force that the air rang with clattering and roaring.
Därinnein theredärinne · adverbmodifies hammarevorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies hammarePast plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective.
hammarehammerhammare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvalsverkrolling millsvalsverk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with hammareiini · prepositionmodifies hammaregångrunninggång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of arbetadearbetadeworkedarbeta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hammaremedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking kraftsådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kraftsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
kraftstrengthkraft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of arbetadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of genljödluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of genljödgenljödranggenljöd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hammareavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking rasselrasselrattlingrassel · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies genljödochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdånroardån · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with rasselAround the workshop buildings themselves lay huge coal sheds, great slag heaps, packhouses, timber stacks, and tool sheds.
Runtaroundrunt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies lågoomkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking verkstadsbyggnadernasjälvathemselvessjälv · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies verkstadsbyggnadernaverkstadsbyggnadernathe workshop buildingsverkstadsbyggnad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of lågolågolaylågo · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies kolhusArchaic plural past tense of ligga ("to lie"), not an adjective; the parser mistagged it.
ofantligaimmenseofantlig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kolhuskolhuscoal shedskolhus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralhead of the phrasestorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies slagghögarslagghögarslag heapsslagghög · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralin apposition to kolhuspackhuspackhousespackhus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with slagghögarbrädstaplartimber stacksbrädstapl · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with slagghögarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationredskapsskjultool shedsredskapsskjul · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with slagghögarBoth examples use the zero-plural form redskapsskjul, despite the singular morphology tag.
A little way further off were long rows of workers' dwellings, handsome villas, schoolhouses, assembly halls, and shops.
Ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of styckestyckepiecestycke · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraselängrefurtherlänge · adverbmodifies bortbortawaybort · adverbmodifies styckefunnosthere werefunnos · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies raderlångalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies raderraderrowsrad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies styckeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking arbetarbostäderarbetarbostäderworkers' cottagesarbetarbostäd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies radervackrabeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies villorvillorvillasvilla · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with arbetarbostäderskolhusschoolhousesskolhus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with arbetarbostädersamlingssalarassembly hallssamlingssal · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with arbetarbostäderochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhandelsbodarshopshandelsbod · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with arbetarbostäderBut all this other part was quiet and seemed to be asleep.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationalltallall · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of andradettathisdenna · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of andraandraotherannan · adjective, nominativesubject of stillavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to stillastillastillstilla · adverbhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtycktesseemed totycktes · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies sovasovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with stillaThe boy did not look that way, but thought only of gazing at the ironworks buildings.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
intenotinte · particlemodifies sågdäråtthat waydäråt · adverbmodifies sågutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
tänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sågbarajustbara · adverbmodifies tänktepåofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of betraktaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of betraktainfinitive marker before a verb.
betraktato look atbetrakta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tänktejärnverksbyggnadernathe ironworks buildingsjärnverksbyggnad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of betraktaThe ground was black around them, the sky arched beautifully dark blue above the furnace flames, the rapids swept past them white with foam, and the buildings themselves stood sending out light and smoke and fire and sparks.
Markengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svartvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to svartsvartblacksvart · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseomkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of svarthimlenskyhiml · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to demvälvdearchedvälvde · adverbmodifies sigMistagged as an adverb; this is the past tense of välva ("to arch/vault").
sigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativein apposition to demsköntbeautifullyskönt · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies mörkblåmörkblådark bluemörkblå · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to demöveraboveöver · prepositionpreposition marking masugnslågornamasugnslågornathe furnace flamesmasugnslåga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of svartforsenthe rapidsforse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with masugnslågornaströkswept pastströk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with masugnslågornaPast tense of stryka, mistagged as an adjective.
förbipastförbi · adverbdepends on strökdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldeterminer of vitskummandevitskummandewhite with foamvitskummande · adjective, nominativedirect object of strökochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsjälvathemselvessjälv · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with masugnslågornastodostoodstodo · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on svartdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of stodoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsändesentsän · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodoLemma is a truncated form of sända; surface sände is the past tense, 'sent'.
utoutut · adverbdepends on sändeljuslightljus · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sändeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationröksmokerök · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ljusochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationeldfireeld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ljusochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgnistorsparksgnistor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with eldIt was the mightiest sight he had ever seen.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of synvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to syndenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of synväldigastegreatestväldig · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies synsynsightsyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settnågonsinevernågonsin · adverbmodifies setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supinedepends on syn- 45
"You wouldn't want to claim you could set fire to a great works like this one too?" said the bear.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of påståvillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of påståvälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies påståintenotinte · particlemodifies påståpåståclaimpåstå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sättaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sättaskullecouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sättakunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of sättasättato set/putsätta · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of påståeldfireeld · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sättapåclaimpå · prepositionpreposition marking verkettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of verksådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies verkhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase sådantstortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies verkverkworksverk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sättathe idiom i (själva) verket means 'in fact/actually', not literal 'work'.
ocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies sättasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebjörnenthe bearbjörn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sadeSurface 'björnen' is definite singular, not plural.
- 46
The boy stood there pinned between the bear's paws, and he thought the only thing that could save him would be for the bear to form a high opinion of his power and ability.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedärtheredär · adverbmodifies stodinklämdwedgedinklämd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stodMistagged as noun; it is the past participle of 'klämma in' (to wedge/jam in), used adjectivally.
mellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking björnramarnabjörnramarnathe bear's pawsbjörnram · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of inklämdochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of troddetroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varaendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativepart of the phrase detsomthatsom · pronounsubject of kundeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kundecouldkunna · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on endaräddato saverädda · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with endahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of räddaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varavarabevara · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of troddeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fickbjörnenbearbjörn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickformedfå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on stodhögatallhög · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tankartankarthoughtstank · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of fickomofom · prepositionpreposition marking makthanshishan · pronounpossessor of maktmaktpowermakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tankarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförmågaabilityförmåga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with makt "It makes no difference to me whether it's big or small," he said, therefore.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of görgördoesgöra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularsubject of gördetsammathe samedensamma · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of göromifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stortdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of stortärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to stortstortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of görelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlitetsmallliten · adverbcoordinated with stortthis type bundles the positive and comparative degree forms (litet, mindre) under one entry.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with görhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadedärförthereforedärför · adverbmodifies sade"I can make it burn down all the same."
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfåmakefå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of fåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of brinnainfinitive marker before a verb.
brinnato burnbrinna · verb, active, infinitivedepends on fånerdownner · adverbdepends on brinnaiall the samei · prepositionpreposition marking fallallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fallfallcasesfall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of brinna- 47
"Then I'll tell you something," said father bear.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies sägaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of säganågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sägasadesaidsaa · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to sägalemma should be säga 'to say'; sade/sa are its past-tense forms.
björnfarfather bearbjörnfar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sade "My forefathers have kept to these parts ever since forest first began to grow in this land, and I have inherited hunting grounds and grazing grounds and dens and hiding places from them, and have lived here in good peace all my life.
Förfädernathe forefathersförfäd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hållitminamymien · pronoun, pluralmodifies Förfädernaharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållithållitkept tohålla · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceSurface "hållit" spans several idioms in this book: literal "held" (hållit trogen vakt = kept faithful watch), "hållit ut" (held out/endured), "hållit på" (had been -ing, continuous aspect), and "hållit sig" (stayed/remained). A single fixed gloss of "held" misrenders the hållit på / hållit sig examples.
tilllivedtill · prepositiondepends on hållitiini · prepositionpreposition marking trakternadetheseen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of trakternaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
härherehär · adverbpart of the phrase detrakternadistrictstrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of hållitalltallall · adverbintroduces the clause of börjadesedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase alltdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to hållitatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of växainfinitive marker before a verb.
växato growväxa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadeskogforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of växaiini · prepositionpreposition marking landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of växaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of ärvtärvtinheritedärva · verb, active, supinecoordinated with hållitjaktmarkhunting groundjaktmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ärvtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbetesmarkgrazing groundbetesmark · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with jaktmarkochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationidendensid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with jaktmarkochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgömställenhiding placesgömställ · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with idenavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies gömställenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bottbottlivedbott · verb, active, supinecoordinated with ärvthärherehär · adverbmodifies bottiini · prepositionpreposition marking rogodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies roropeacero · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bottiall my lifei · prepositionpreposition marking tidallallall · determiner, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of tidpossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
tidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bottAt first I was not much disturbed by the people.
Tillat firsttill · prepositionpreposition marking börjanenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of börjanbörjanbeginningbörjan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevintenotinte · particlemodifies blevmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies stördstörddisturbedstöra · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking människornamänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralagent of stördThey went about hacking at the mountain and picking up a bit of ore, and down here by the rapids they had a hammer forge and a smelting house.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhackadehackinghacka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickiati · prepositionpreposition marking bergenbergenmountainberg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationplockadepickedplocka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickoppupopp · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on plockademistagged as a verb; this is the dialectal/colloquial adverb opp, a variant of upp 'up'.
liteta littlelitet · adverbmodifies malmmalmoremalm · proper noun, nominativedirect object of oppCommon noun 'ore', mistagged as proper noun.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhärneredown herehärnere · adverbcoordinated with gickvidbyvid · prepositionpreposition marking forsenforsenthe rapidsforse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickhadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of hammarverksurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of hammarverkhammarverkhammer forgehammarverk · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hyttahyttasmelting househytta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hammarverkBut the hammer only pounded a couple of times a day, and the furnace was not fired for more than a month or two at a stretch.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhammarenhammerhammare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bultadebultadepoundedbulta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebarajustbara · adverbmodifies bultadeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of bultadeomaom · prepositionpreposition marking dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gångerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhyttansmelting househytta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of påblåstvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to påblåstintenotinte · particlemodifies påblåstpåblåstfiredpåblås · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with bultademermoremycket · adverbmodifies påblåstänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking månvarvettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies månvarvmånvarvmonthmånvarv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of påblåstLiterally 'a moon's turning'; used as an old word for a lunar month.
ifori · prepositionpreposition marking sträcksträckat a stretchsträck · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of påblåstThat was no more than I could put up with.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of mervarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to merintenotinte · particlemodifies mermermoremycket · adverbhead of the phraseänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ståjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ståkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ståståstandstå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on merutput up withut · adverbdepends on ståmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ståBut now, in the last few years, since they have put up this noisy works, which runs at the same pace both night and day, I can no longer feel at home.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies årenpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking årendetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of årenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
sistalastsista · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies årenårenyearsår · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of trivassedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of restdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of restharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of restrestput uprest · adverbadverbial clause on årendespite the tag 'adverb', these are past-participle uses of resa (to travel / to raise).
detaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of bullerverkethärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase detbullerverketnoisy worksbullerverk · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of restthe industrial ironworks, called 'the noisy works' by the animals who dislike it.
somwhichsom · pronounsubject of gårThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
gårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on bullerverketmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking fartsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of fartfartspeedfart · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gårbådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnattnightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gårochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with nattkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of trivasjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trivasintenotinte · particlemodifies trivastrivasto thrivetrivas · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemerlongermycket · adverbmodifies trivasIn the old days it was only an ironmaster and a couple of smiths who lived here, but now it is so full of people that I can never go about safe from them.
Förrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies brukspatronvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to brukspatrondetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with brukspatronbarajustbara · adverbmodifies brukspatronenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of brukspatronbrukspatronthe squirebrukspatron · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseTitle for the owner/manager of an ironworks or estate.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies smedersmedersmithssmed · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with brukspatronsomwhosom · pronounsubject of boddeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
boddelivedboda · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on smederhärherehär · adverbmodifies boddemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies fulltärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to fulltdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fulltsåsoså · adverbmodifies fulltfulltfullfull · adverbcoordinated with brukspatronAdverbial use of full/fullt, e.g. 'fullt så' = 'quite as'.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of fulltattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies gåkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivedepends on brukspatronsäkersafesäker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of gåförfromför · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of gåI thought I would be forced to move away from here, but now I have thought of a better plan."
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of troddetroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tvungenjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bliskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivepassive auxiliary of tvungentvungenforcedtvung · verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominativeclausal complement of troddeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of flyttainfinitive marker before a verb.
flyttamoveflytta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tvungenhärifrånfrom herehärifrån · adverbmodifies flyttamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies funnitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of funnitjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of funnitfunnitfoundfinna · verb, active, supinecoordinated with troddepåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking rådbättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies rådrådadviceråd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of funnit- 48
The boy wondered to himself what father bear had thought up, but he did not get the chance to ask, for now the bear took him between his teeth again and shuffled off down the slope with him.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undradeundradewonderedundra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceinomwithininom · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of undradevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hittatbjörnfarfather bearbjörnfar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hittatdåthendå · adverbmodifies hittathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hittathittatthought uphitta · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on undradepåuppå · prepositiondepends on hittatmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with undradeintenotinte · particlemodifies komiini · prepositiondepends on komtillfällechancetillfälle · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase iatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of frågainfinitive marker before a verb.
frågato askfråga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on komförforför · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with undradebjörnenthe bearbjörn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of togSurface 'björnen' is definite singular, not plural.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of togpåagainpå · prepositionpreposition marking nyttnyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of togmellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking tändernatändernateethtand · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of togochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlufsadeshuffledlufsa · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with tändernautfördownutföra · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with togFunctions here as the adverb/preposition "down" (utför trappan/kullen), not the unrelated verb utföra ("to perform").
backenslopeback · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of utförmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utför The boy could see nothing, but he understood from the growing noise that they were nearing the ironworks.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of seseseese · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstodförstodunderstoodförstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with seavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking bullretdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of bullrettilltagandegrowingtilltagande · adjective, nominativemodifies bullretbullretthe noisebullr · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of förstodattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of närmadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of närmadenärmadeapproachednärma · verb, past, indicative, activeclause modifying bullretsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of närmadejärnverketironworksjärnverk · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of närmade- 49
Father bear knew the ironworks well enough.
BjörnfarFather BearBjörnfar · proper noun, nominativesubject of hadethe bear character's name, rendered by the translation as 'Father bear'.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevälwellväl · adverbmodifies haderedafind outreda · adverbdepends on hadepart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking järnbruketjärnbruketironworksjärnbruk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hade He had gone about there many a dark night, taking note of what went on inside and wondering whether the work would ever come to a stop.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttgone aboutgå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies därdärtheredär · adverbmodifies gettmångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies nättermörkadarkmörk · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies nätternätternightsnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of gettgettgivenge · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on gåttaktheedakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gettUsed in the fixed phrase ge/ta akt på, 'to pay heed to / be careful of'.
påofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of tilldrogvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on tilldrogsomwhatsom · pronounsubject of tilldrogThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
tilldrogoccurredtilldrog · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gettsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tilldrogdärinnein theredärinne · adverbmodifies tilldrogochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationundratwonderedundra · verb, active, supinecoordinated with tilldrogomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blidetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blialdrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies bliskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of undratnågotanynågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of uppehålluppehållpauseuppehåll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of bliiini · prepositionpreposition marking arbetetarbetetworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies uppehållHe had tested the walls with his paw and wished he had been strong enough to bring the whole building down to the ground with a single blow.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of prövathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of prövatprövattestedpröva · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencemurarnathe wallsmurarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of prövatmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ramenramenpawram · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of prövatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationönskatwishedönskaa · verb, active, supinecoordinated with prövatLemma has a typo (önskaa for önska).
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of starkhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of starkhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of starkvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to starksåenoughså · adverbmodifies starkstarkstrongstark · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of prövatattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fällahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fällahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fällakunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of fällafällato bring downfälla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on starkThe first example ('blivit fångad i en fälla' = 'caught in a trap') uses the unrelated noun 'fälla' (a trap), not the infinitive of the verb fälla ('to fell'); the other three examples are genuinely the verb. Flagged contextDependent since the single default gloss 'to fell' misrenders that example.
helawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies byggnadenbyggnadenbuildingbyggnad · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fällatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fällamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking slagettaen · numeral, nominative, neuter, singularquantifies slagendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativemodifies slagslagblowslag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies marken- 50
He was not easy to make out against the black ground, and when he also kept to the shadow beneath the walls, there was not much danger of his being discovered.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skönjbarvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to skönjbarintenotinte · particlemodifies lättlätteasilylätt · adverbmodifies skönjbarskönjbardiscernibleskönjbar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasemotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking markendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of markensvartablacksvart · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skönjbarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of höllhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hölldärtillbesidesdärtill · adverbmodifies höllhöllkept tohålla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with skönjbarsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of hölliini · prepositionmodifies höllskugganshadowskugga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iunderbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking väggarnaväggarnawallsvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of höllsåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on faravarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to faradetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with faraintenotinte · particlemodifies faramyckenmuchmycken · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies farafaradangerfara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
förofför · prepositionintroduces the clause of upptäcktattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase förhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of upptäcktskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of upptäcktblito becomebli · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of upptäcktupptäcktdiscoveredupptäcka · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclause modifying faraMistagged as an adjective; surface 'upptäckt' is the past participle of upptäcka (to discover).
Now he walked without fear among the workshops and climbed up onto a slag heap.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickutanwithoututan · prepositionpreposition marking fruktanfruktanfearfruktan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickframforwardfram · adverbmodifies gickmellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking verkstädernaverkstädernaworkshopsverkstäderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of framochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationklättradeclimbedklättra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickuppupupp · adverbdepends on klättradepåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking slagghögenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of slagghögslagghögslag heapslagghög · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of klättradeHere he stood himself upright, took the boy between his forepaws, and stretched them up.
Härherehär · adverbmodifies ställdeställdestoodställa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ställdesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ställdeupprättuprightupprätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of ställdeActually the adjective/adverb 'upprätt' (upright/standing), mistagged as a noun.
togtookta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ställdepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of togmellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking framlabbarnaframlabbarnathe forepawsframlabbarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of togochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsträcktestretchedsträckte · verb, active, supinecoordinated with togPast tense of the verb 'sträcka' (to stretch); mistagged as a supine.
uppupupp · adverbdepends on sträcktedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of sträckte"See if you can look in through the building!" he said.
Försöktryförsök · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of seduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sekancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying Försökininin · adverbdepends on seiinsidei · prepositionpreposition marking husethusethousehus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade- 51
Inside the ironworks they were in the middle of a Bessemer blow.
Inneinsideinne · adverbmodifies järnverketiinsidei · prepositionpreposition marking järnverketjärnverketironworksjärnverk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of höllohöllowere in the middlehöllo · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of höllopåin the middle ofpå · prepositiondepends on höllomedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking bessemerblåsningbessemerblåsninga Bessemer blowbessemerblåsning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of höllo Into a great black round vessel, which hung up under the roof and was filled with molten iron, they were forcing a powerful stream of air.
Iintoi · prepositionpreposition marking storenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesvartblacksvar · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with storThe lemma should be svart ("black"); the parser mistagged the surface "svart" under the noun svar ("answer").
rundroundrund · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kulakulavesselkula · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with storsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of sattThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
sattsatsätta · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on kulaThis form (satt) is actually the past tense of sitta 'to sit', not sätta 'to set'; glossed by its real sense.
uppeup highuppe · adverbdepends on sattunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking takettaketrooftak · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to fylldfylldfilledfylld · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with stormedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking järnsmältmoltensmält · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies järnjärnironjärn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fylldpressadeforcedpressa · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to stordetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of pressadeininin · adverbdepends on pressadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of luftströmstarkstrongstark · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies luftströmluftströmstream of airluftström · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of pressadeAnd when the air, with a terrible roar, forced its way into the mass of iron, great swarms of sparks shot up out of it.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of trängdeluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trängdemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking dånettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of dånförfärligtterribleförfärlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies dåndånroardån · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies luftenträngdeforced intoträngdema · verb, past, indicative, activeoblique complement of sprutadeininin · adverbdepends on trängdeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking järnmassanjärnmassanthe mass of ironjärnmassa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of insprutadesprayedspruta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencestorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies svärmarsvärmarswarmssvärm · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sprutadeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking gnistorgnistorsparksgnista · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies svärmaruppupupp · adverbmodifies svärmarurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking dennadennathisdenna · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of sprutadeThe sparks came in sheaves, in bunches, in long clusters; they were of many colors, big and small, flew toward one wall, and scattered out across the whole great room.
Gnistornathe sparksGnistorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kommokommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencekommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking kvastarkvastarsheaveskvast · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kommoiini · prepositionpreposition marking knippenknippenbundlesknipp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommoiini · prepositionpreposition marking klasarlångalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies klasarklasarclustersklas · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with kommodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldepends on klasarvorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying dearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
iofi · prepositionpreposition marking färgermångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies färgerfärgercolorsfärg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of klasarvorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies storaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
storabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with kommoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with storaforowentforo · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with storaOld plural past tense of 'fara' (to go/travel), mistagged as a proper noun.
mottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking väggenenaoneena · adjective, nominativemodifies väggenväggenwallvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of storaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstänktescatteredstänka · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with storautoutut · adverbmodifies storaöveracrossöver · prepositionpreposition marking rummethelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies rummetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of rummetstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies rummetweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
rummetroomrumm · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of storaOlder double-m spelling of modern rum.
Father bear let the boy watch the splendid spectacle, right until the blow was finished and the red, liquid, beautifully glowing steel was poured out of the round vessel down into a pair of ladles.
BjörnfarFather BearBjörnfar · proper noun, nominativesubject of lätthe bear character's name, rendered by the translation as 'Father bear'.
lätletlät · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lätseseese · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of lätpåwatchpå · prepositiondepends on sedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of grannagrannasplendidgrann · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of seFunctions as the adjective 'grann' (fine/splendid), mistagged as a noun.
skådespeletthe spectacleskådespele · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of seändaright untilända · adverbmodifies sluttillsuntiltills · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slutblåsningenthe blowblåsning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slutvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to slutslutoverslut · adjective, nominativeadverbial clause on seochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of rödarödaredröd · adjective, nominative, singularcoordinated with slutflytandeliquidflyta · adjective, nominativecoordinated with rödasköntbeautifullyskön · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ståletlysandeshininglysa · adjective, nominativemodifies ståletMistagged as an adjective; 'lysande' is the present participle of 'lysa' (to shine).
ståletsteelstål · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with sluthälldeswas pouredhäll · verb, past, indicative, passivecomplement of läturout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking kulandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kulanrundaroundrund · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies kulankulanvesselkula · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hälldesnerdownner · adverbmodifies hälldesiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking pytsarettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies pytsarpytsarladlespyts · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of hälldesThe boy thought what he saw was so splendid that he was quite entranced and almost forgot he was being held captive between a pair of bear paws.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ståtligtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ståtligthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on detpast tense of se, 'to see.'
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ståtligtsåsoså · adverbmodifies ståtligtståtligtmagnificentlyståtlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blevhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of tyckterentpurelyren · adverbmodifies betagenbetagenentrancedbetag · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies glömdeglömdeforgotglömde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blevbortawaybort · adverbdepends on glömdeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of höllshanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllshöllswas heldhölls · verb, past, indicative, passiveadverbial clause on blevfångencaptivefång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of höllsPredicate use of the past participle of fånga ('to catch'); tagged as noun but functions adjectivally.
mellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking björnramarettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies björnramarbjörnramarbear pawsbjörnrame · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of hölls- 52
Father bear let the boy look in at the rolling mill too.
BjörnfarFather BearBjörnfar · proper noun, nominativesubject of lätthe bear character's name, rendered by the translation as 'Father bear'.
lätletlät · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lätseseese · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of lätininin · adverbdepends on seocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies seiati · prepositionpreposition marking valsverketvalsverketthe rolling millvalsverket · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of se There a worker fetched a short, thick, white-hot piece of iron out of a furnace opening and thrust it in under a roller.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies hämtadehämtadefetchedhämta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of arbetarearbetareworkerarbetare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hämtadeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of kortkortshortkort · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies järnstyckeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtjocktthicktjock · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with kortochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvitglödandewhite-hotvitglödande · adjective, nominativecoordinated with kortjärnstyckepiece of ironjärnstycke · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hämtadeutoutut · adverbmodifies hämtadeurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking ugnsöppningenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ugnsöppningugnsöppningfurnace openingugnsöppning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstoppadethruststoppa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hämtadeininin · adverbdepends on stoppadedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of stoppadeunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking valsenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of valsvalsrollervals · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stoppadeIndustrial rolling-mill roller, not the dance.
When the piece of iron came out from under the roller, it was pressed flat and drawn out.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komjärnstycketthe piece of ironjärnstyck · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sammanpressatframforwardfram · adverbdepends on komunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking valsenvalsenthe rollervalse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to sammanpressatdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sammanpressatsammanpressatpressed flatsammanpressa · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationutdragetdrawn oututdrag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with sammanpressatAt once another worker took hold of it and thrust it in under a narrower roller, which made it even longer and thinner.
Genastat onceGenast · adverbmodifies togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of arbetareannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies arbetarearbetareworkerarbetare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of togfattholdfatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on togOccurs in the fixed idiom 'få/gripa fatt (i)', 'to get/grab hold (of)'.
påofpå · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of togochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstoppadethruststoppa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with togininin · adverbdepends on stoppadedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of stoppadeunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking valsenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of valsträngrenarrowerträngre · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies valsvalsrollervals · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of togIndustrial rolling-mill roller, not the dance.
somwhichsom · pronounsubject of gjordeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
gjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on valsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of gjordeänevenän · adverbintroduces the clause of längrelängrelongerlång · adverbmodifies gjordeComparative adverb forms of 'lång' (long); English rendering shifts between spatial 'far/further' and temporal 'longer' depending on context.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmalarethinnersmal · adjective, nominative, comparativecoordinated with längreSo it was carried from roller to roller, stretched and squeezed, until at last it coiled away over the floor as a red-glowing wire many meters long.
Såthenså · adverbmodifies fördesfördeswas carriedför · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentenceLemma is truncated; the full verb is 'föra' (to carry/lead), passive past 'fördes'.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of passive fördesfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking valsvalsrollervals · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fördesIndustrial rolling-mill roller, not the dance.
tillto rollertill · prepositionpreposition marking valsvalsrollervals · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fördesIndustrial rolling-mill roller, not the dance.
tänjdesstretchedtänja · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with fördesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationträngdeswas squeezedträngda · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with tänjdesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies ringladesistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase tillringladecoiledringla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fördesdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of ringladesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of långenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of metermångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies metermetermetersmeter · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of långlånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on detrödglänsandered-glowingrödglänsande · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies trådtrådwiretråd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with långbortawaybort · adverbmodifies långöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking golvetgolvetfloorgolv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of bortBut while the first piece of iron was still being pressed out, a new one had been fetched from the furnace and laid under the rollers, and when that one was some way along, a third was fetched.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hölldetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of järnstycketförstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies järnstycketsurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
järnstycketthe piece of ironjärnstycket · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of höllhöllwas beinghålla · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hadepåstillpå · prepositiondepends on höllatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of pressasinfinitive marker before a verb.
pressasbe pressed outpressa · verb, passive, infinitiveadverbial clause on höllutoutut · adverbmodifies pressashadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hämtadesettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of blivitnyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies blivitblivitbecomebli · auxiliary verb, active, supinepassive auxiliary of hämtathämtatfetchedhämta · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of hadefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking ugnenugnenfurnaceugn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hämtatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlagtlaidlägga · verb, active, supinecoordinated with hadeunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking valsarnavalsarnarollersvals · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of lagtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of styckedettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of styckevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to styckeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of styckestyckepiecestycke · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with hadepåalongpå · prepositionpreposition marking vägvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of styckehämtadeswas fetchedhämtaa · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of tredjetredjethirdtre · adjective, nominativesubject of passive hämtadesSurface 'tredje' is the ordinal 'third', though lemma is tagged as the cardinal 'tre'.
Unceasingly, new red wires wound their way over the floor like hissing snakes.
Oupphörligenceaselesslyoupphörligen · adverbmodifies slingradeslingradewoundslingra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativesubject of slingradenyanewny · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies trådarrödaredröd · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies trådartrådarwirestråd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of slingradebortawaybort · adverbmodifies slingradeöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking golvetgolvetfloorgolv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of bortsomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ormarfräsandehissingfräsa · adjective, nominativemodifies ormarormarsnakesorm · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcomplement of slingradeThe boy thought it was fine to watch the iron, but even finer was it to watch the workers, who nimbly and deftly seized the glowing snakes with their tongs and forced them in under the rollers.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of grantdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with grantvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to grantgrantfine/splendidgrant · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of tyckteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitivedepends on grantjärnetironjärn · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of semenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of präktigarepräktigaremore splendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, comparativecoordinated with tycktevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies tycktedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of tyckteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tycktearbetarnaworkersarbetare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sesomwhosom · pronounsubject of vigaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
viganimblevig · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of seochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmidigaagilesmidig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with vigafattadeseizedfatta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vigadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ormarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
glödandeglowingglöda · adjective, nominativemodifies ormarnaormarnasnakesormarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of vigamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking tängersinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of tängertängertongstänga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of vigaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtvingadeforcedtvinga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vigademthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of tvingadeininin · adverbmodifies tvingadeunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking valsarnavalsarnarollersvals · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of tvingadeIt was like a game for them, handling the hissing iron.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of lekvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to leksomlikesom · prepositionpreposition marking lekFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of leklekplaylek · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseförforför · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies lekatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of handskasinfinitive marker before a verb.
handskasto handlehandskas · verb, infinitiveclause modifying lekmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking järnetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of järnetfräsandehissingfräsa · adjective, nominativemodifies järnetjärnetironjärn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of handskas"I must say, this is real man's work," said the boy to himself.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägafårmustfå · verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivedepends on »attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of karlgöradetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of karlgörahärherehär · adverbmodifies karlgöraärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to karlgörariktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies karlgörakarlgöraman's workkarlgöra · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of sägasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to karlgörapojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of sadesjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sig- 53
The bear let him look in at the smelting house and the bar-iron forge too, and the boy grew more and more astonished as he watched how the smiths handled fire and iron.
Björnenthe bearbjörn · proper noun, nominativesubject of lätlätletlät · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lätocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies seseseese · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of lätininin · adverbdepends on seiati · prepositionpreposition marking hyttanhyttansmelting househytta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of seochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiati · prepositionpreposition marking stångjärnssmedjanstångjärnssmedjanthe bar-iron forgestångjärnssmedja · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hyttanochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lätalltmore and moreallt · adverbmodifies blevmermoremycket · adverbmodifies förundradochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase mermermoremycket · adverbpart of the phrase merförundradastonishedförundra · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of såghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blevpast tense of se, 'to see.'
hurhowhur · adverbmodifies sågsmedernasmithssmed · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hanteradehanteradehandledhanterad · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies eldeldfireeld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase hurochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjärnironjärn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with eld "These people have no fear of heat and flame," he thought.
Detheseen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of människornaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
härherehär · adverbpart of the phrase Demänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rädslarädslafearrädsla · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of harförofför · prepositionpreposition marking värmevärmewarmthvärme · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of harochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlågorflameslåga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with värmetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to harhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkteSooty and black they were too.
SotigasootySotig · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsvartablacksvart · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with Sotigavorowerevoro · pronoun, accusative, pluraldepends on SotigaArchaic plural past tense of vara "to be"; mislabeled as pronoun.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of Sotigaocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies SotigaHe thought they were like a kind of fire-folk.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vorodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of vorovorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralclausal complement of tycktearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
somlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of eldfolkettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of slagsslagskind ofslag · noun, genitive, neuter, singularpossessor of eldfolkGenitive 'slags' used in the fixed phrase 'ett slags'/'vad för slags' = 'a kind of'/'what kind of'.
eldfolkfire-folkeldfolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of voroThat was why they could bend and shape the iron however they pleased.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedärförwhydärför · adverbmodifies varsomthatsom · pronoundirect object of böjaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of böjakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of böjaböjato bendböja · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on därförochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationformashapeforma · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with böjajärnetironjärn · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of böjahurhowhur · adverbmodifies behagadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of behagadebehagadepleasedbehagad · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of varHe could not believe it was ordinary folk who had such power.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trokundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trointenotinte · particlemodifies trotrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of folkdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with folkvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to folkvanligtusualvanlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies folkfolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of trosomwhosom · pronounsubject of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on folksådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies maktsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
maktpowermakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hade- 54
"That's how they keep on, day after day, night after night," said father bear, and lay down on the ground.
Sålike thatså · adverbdepends on hållerdärtheredär · adverbmodifies hållerhållerkeepshålla · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hållerpåkeep onpå · prepositiondepends on hållerdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase påefterafterefter · prepositionmodifies hållerdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hållernattnightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hållerefterafterefter · prepositiondepends on hållernattnightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase eftersadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hållerbjörnfarfather bearbjörnfar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationladelay downla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sade"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ladenerdownner · adverbmodifies ladepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lade "You can understand that one grows sick of such a thing.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förståkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of förståförståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blirmanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on förståledsickled · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of blirSecond example 'när det led mot kvällen' = 'as evening drew near' is the verb lida ('led' = past tense), not the noun led — mistagged here.
vidofvid · prepositionpreposition marking sådantsådantsuch a thingsån · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of blirIt's a good thing, then, that I can now put an end to it."
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of braärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to bradåthendå · adverbmodifies brabragoodbra · adjective, nominativehead of the phrasevälgoodväl · adverbmodifies braattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fånunownu · adverbmodifies fåkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfåput an end tofå · verb, active, infinitivedepends on braslutendslut · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fåpåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of få- 55
"Oh, so you can?" said the boy.
JasåohJaså · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on kanInterjection mistagged as a noun; expresses mild surprise or acknowledgment and its English rendering shifts with tone.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of kankancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kansecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade "How do you mean to go about it, then?"
Hurhowhur · adverbmodifies bäraskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bäraniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of bäraPlural 'you', also used as a formal singular in older Swedish address.
dåthendå · adverbmodifies bärabärato carrybära · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceeryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of bäraåtabout itåt · prepositiondepends on bära- 56
"Well, I thought you would set fire to these buildings," said father bear.
Jowell/yesjo · interjectiondepends on tänkteused to affirm or answer a question, often contradicting an implied doubt.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sättaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sättaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sättasättato set/putsätta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tänkteeldfireeld · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sättapåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking byggnadernadetheseen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of byggnadernaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
härherehär · adverbpart of the phrase debyggnadernabuildingsbyggnad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sättasadesaidsaa · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to tänktelemma should be säga 'to say'; sade/sa are its past-tense forms.
björnfarfather bearbjörnfar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sade "That way I would get peace from this constant work and could go on living in my home country."
Påthat waypå · prepositionpreposition marking sättetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sättetsättetwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fingefingewould getfinge · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencearchaic past subjunctive of få (to get).
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fingefredpeacefred · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fingeförfromför · prepositionpreposition marking arbetetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of arbetetständigaconstantständig · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies arbetetarbetetworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fingeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of boboto livebo · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with finge"To dwell/live"; not to be confused with bo, "nest".
kvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on boiini · prepositionpreposition marking hemtraktenhemtraktenhome districthemtrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bo- 57
The boy turned as cold as ice all over.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekallcoldkall · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevsomassom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking isenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of isisiceis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blevöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking kroppenhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies kroppenkroppenbodykropp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies is So that was why father bear had carried him there.
JasåsoJaså · proper noun, nominativehead of the phrasedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularparallel clause to Jasåthe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
förbecause offör · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of varsomthatsom · pronoundirect object of buritThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
björnfarfather bearbjörnfar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of burithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of buritburitcarriedburit · verb, active, supinedepends on vardittheredit · adverbdepends on burithonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of burit- 58
"If you set fire to the noisy works, I promise you that you shall keep your life," said father bear.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sätterduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sättersätterset firesätta · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on lovareldfireeld · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sätterpåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking bullerverketbullerverketnoisy worksbullerverk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sätterthe industrial ironworks, called 'the noisy works' by the animals who dislike it.
såthenså · adverbadverbial clause on lovarlovarpromiseslova · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lovardigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lovarattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of behålladuyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of behållabehållato keepbehålla · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of lovarlivetlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of behållasadesaidsaa · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to lovarlemma should be säga 'to say'; sade/sa are its past-tense forms.
björnfarfather bearbjörnfar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sade "But if you don't do as I want, it will soon be all over for you."
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of görduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of görintenotinte · particlemodifies görgördoesgöra · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on varasomassom · pronoundirect object of villThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villvillwantsvilja · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on görsåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on varaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varasnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies varavarabevara · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceuteoutsideute · adverbmodifies varamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vara- 59
The great workshops were built of brick, and the boy thought to himself that father bear could order all he liked, it was impossible to obey him all the same.
Detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of verkstädernaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
storabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies verkstädernaverkstädernathe workshopsverkstäd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of uppfördavorowerevoro · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to uppfördaArchaic plural past tense of vara ("to be").
uppfördabuiltuppförda · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseavofav · prepositionpreposition marking tegeltegelbricktegel · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies uppfördaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with uppfördaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of tänktesjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sigattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of befallabjörnfarfather bearbjörnfar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of befallakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of befallabefallacommandbefalla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tänktesåsoså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketallmycket · adverbcoordinated with befallahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villevillewantedvilja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with befalladetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with omöjligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to omöjligtändåall the sameändå · adverbmodifies omöjligtomöjligtimpossibleomöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularparallel clause to uppfördaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of lydainfinitive marker before a verb.
lydato obeylyda · verb, active, infinitivedepends on omöjligthonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lyda But just after that he saw it might not be so impossible after all.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstraxjuststrax · adverbmodifies sågdärpåthen/after thatdärpå · adverbmodifies sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of omöjligtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of omöjligtkanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies omöjligtintenotinte · particlemodifies omöjligtskullemightskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of omöjligtvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to omöjligtsåsoså · adverbmodifies omöjligtomöjligtimpossibleomöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of sågClose beside him lay a heap of straw and wood shavings, which he could easily set fire to; beside the shaving heap was a timber stack, and the timber stack reached almost right up against the great coal shed.
Tättclosetätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bredvidActually the adverb 'tätt' (close/closely), mistagged as a noun; used in 'tätt bredvid' = close beside.
bredvidbesidebredvid · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularhead of the phraselåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of höghögtallhög · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lågmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking halmhalmstrawhalm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhyvelspånwood shavingshyvelspån · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with halmsomwhichsom · pronoundirect object of sättaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sättalätteasilylätt · adverbmodifies sättakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sättasättato set/putsätta · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on hyvelspåneldfireeld · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sättapåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking sättabredvidnearbybredvid · adverbmodifies fannsspånhögenthe shaving heapspånhög · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativeadverbial clause on lågexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of brädstapelbrädstapeltimber stackbrädstapel · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fannsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbrädstapelntimber stackbrädstapel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stöttestöttestruckstötte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågnäraalmostnära · adverbmodifies stötteType lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära.
nognearlynog · adverbmodifies stötteintillnext tointill · prepositionpreposition marking kolhusetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of kolhusetstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies kolhusetweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
kolhusetthe coal shedkolhus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stötteBut the coal shed reached up to the workshops, and if it caught fire, the flames would soon leap across to the ironworks' roof.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkolhusetthe coal shedkolhus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of nåddenåddereachednådde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceframforwardfram · adverbdepends on nåddetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking verkstädernaverkstädernaworkshopsverkstäderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of nåddeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of råkadedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of råkaderåkadecaughtråka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with nåddeioni · prepositionpreposition marking brandbrandfirebrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of råkadeskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flygaeldenfireelde · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flygasnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies flygaflygaflyflyga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with nåddeöveroveröver · adverbmodifies flygatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking takjärnverketsthe ironworks'järnverk · noun, genitive, neuter, singularpossessor of taktakrooftak · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of överEverything flammable there was would catch fire, the walls would crack from the heat, and the machines would be destroyed.
Alltallall · adverbmodifies brännbartbrännbartflammablebrännbar · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on fattasomthatsom · pronounsubject of fannsThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
fannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativedepends on brännbartexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
skullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fattafattacatch firefatta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on rämnaeldfireeld · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fattamurarnathe wallsmurarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of rämnaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of rämnarämnacrackrämna · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceMost occurrences are the noun 'a crack/rift'; one is the verb 'to crack'.
avfromav · prepositionpreposition marking hettanhettanheathetta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularagent of rämnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmaskinernamachinesmaskin · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive förstörasförstörasbe destroyedförstöra · verb, passive, infinitivecoordinated with rämna- 60
"Well, will you, or won't you?" said father bear.
Nåwellnå · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseInterjection 'well/now then', mistagged as a noun.
villwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of ?duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with duduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villintenotinte · particlemodifies villsadesaidsadäge · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebjörnfarfather bearbjörnfar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sade - 61
The boy knew he ought to answer at once that he would not, but he also knew that then the bear paws holding him would crush the life out of him with a single squeeze.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of svarahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svarabordeought toböra · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of svaraBare borde is simple past modal ("ought to"/"should"); the perfect sense ("ought to have") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth ("borde släppa taget") has no ha and translates as plain "ought to."
svarato answersvara · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of visstegenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies svaraattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of villehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villeintenotinte · particlemodifies villevillewantedvilja · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of svaramenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with svaraocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies vissteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dådåthendå · adverbadverbial clause on vissteskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activepart of the phrase dåbjörnramarnathe bear's pawsbjörnram · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralpart of the phrase dåsomthatsom · pronounsubject of hölloThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hölloholdinghålloa · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on björnramarnaSurface 'höllo' is past plural of 'hålla' (to hold/keep); lemma is a spelling artifact.
omaroundom · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of höllokramacrush to deathkrama · verb, active, infinitivemodifies ihjälihjälto deathihjäl · verb, active, supinecoordinated with höllohonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of ihjälmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking tagettaen · numeral, nominative, neuter, singularquantifies tagendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativemodifies tagtagsqueezetag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ihjäl "I'll just have to think it over a little," he said, for that reason.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fårfårhave tofå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencealltall/everythingallt · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies fårlovhave tolov · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fåratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of betänkainfinitive marker before a verb.
betänkato considerbetänka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fårmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of betänkaliteta littleliten · adverbmodifies betänkathis type bundles the positive and comparative degree forms (litet, mindre) under one entry.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to fårhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadefördenskullfor that reasonfördenskull · adverbmodifies sade- 62
"Well, all right, you may," said father bear, "but I'll tell you, it is precisely iron that has given people such an advantage over us bears, that I too, for that very reason, would gladly see an end put to the work here."
Nåjawell nowNåja · adverbhead of the phrasedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of fåkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåfåmayfå · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to Nåjasadesaidsaa · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to fålemma should be säga 'to say'; sade/sa are its past-tense forms.
björnfarfather bearbjörnfar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sadedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sägaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of järnetdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with järnetärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to järnetjustjustjust · adverbmodifies järnetjärnetironjärn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of sadesomthatsom · pronounsubject of gettThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gettgettgivenge · verb, active, supinerelative clause on järnetmänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralindirect object of gettettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of övertagsådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies övertagövertagadvantageövertag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies björnaröveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluralmodifies björnarbjörnarbearsbjören · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gettattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies fåfördenskullfor that reasonfördenskull · adverbmodifies fågärnagladlygärna · adverbmodifies fåType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
villwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfåput an end tofå · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on björnarslutendslut · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fåpåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking arbetetarbetetworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fåhärherehär · adverbmodifies få - 63
The boy thought he would use the reprieve to think up some way of getting away, but he was so anxious that he could not steer his thoughts where he wanted, and instead he began thinking about what great help people had from iron.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of brukahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brukavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of brukabrukausebruka · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of tänkteFirst example ('hon knappast kunde bruka den' = 'she could scarcely use it', of an injured wing) is the sense 'to use', which was missing from the senses list.
uppskovetreprieveuppskov · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of brukatillfortill · prepositionintroduces the clause of funderaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of funderainfinitive marker before a verb.
funderathink/figure outfundera · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on brukautuput · adverbdepends on funderanågotsomenågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of funderaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying sättundanawayundan · adverbdepends on kommamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ängsligvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ängsligsåsoså · adverbmodifies ängsligängsliganxiousängslig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with tänkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of styrahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of styraintenotinte · particlemodifies styrakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of styrastyrato steerstyra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on ängsligsinahissig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of tankartankarthoughtstank · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of styradittheredit · adverbmodifies villehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villevillewantedvilja · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on tankarutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ängsligiinsteadi · prepositionmodifies tänkaställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase itänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on börjadepåaboutpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of hadevilkenwhichvilken · pronoun, common gender, singulardeterminer of hjälpgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hjälphjälphelphjälp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies människornamänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tänkaavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking järnetjärnetironjärn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hade They needed iron for everything, after all.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of järnbehövdeneeded tobehöva · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of järnjuafter allju · adverbmodifies järnjärnironjärn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasetillfortill · prepositionpreposition marking alltingalltingeverythingallting · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of järnThere was iron in the plow that turned the field, in the axe that built the house, in the scythe that reaped the grain, in the knife that could be used for all manner of things.
JärnironJärn · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseCommon noun 'iron' mistagged as a proper noun.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to Järndetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with Järniini · prepositionpreposition marking plogenplogenplowplog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Järnsomthatsom · pronounsubject of reddeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
reddeturned the fieldre · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Järnuppupupp · adverbdepends on reddeåkernfieldåker · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of reddeiini · prepositionpreposition marking yxanyxanaxeyxan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounsubject of byggdeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
byggdebuiltbygga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on yxanhusethousehus · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of byggdeiini · prepositionpreposition marking lienlienthe scythelien · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of byggdesomthatsom · pronounsubject of mejadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
mejadereapedmeja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with byggdesädengrainsäd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of mejadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking knivenknivenknifekniv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of byggdesomthatsom · pronounsubject of passive brukasThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of brukasbrukasto be usedbruka · verb, passive, infinitiverelative clause on kniventillfortill · prepositionpreposition marking möjligtalltall/everythingallt · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies möjligtmöjligtall manner ofmöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on brukashalf the examples (ch01-p27, ch04-p30) use the fixed idiom 'allt möjligt' = 'all sorts of/everything', not the literal 'possible' sense used in the other two.
There was iron in the bit that guided the horse, in the lock that shut the door, in the nails that held the furniture together, in the sheet metal that covered the roof.
JärnironJärn · proper noun, nominativesubject of betsletCommon noun 'iron' mistagged as a proper noun.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to betsletdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with betsletiini · prepositionpreposition marking betsletbetsletthe bitbetsl · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounsubject of styrdeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
styrdesteeredstyra · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on betslethästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of styrdeiini · prepositionpreposition marking låsetlåsetlocklås · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of styrdesomthatsom · pronounsubject of stängdeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
stängdeshutstängde · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on betsletdörrendoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of stängdeiini · prepositionpreposition marking spikarnaspikarnathe nailsspikare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies betsletsomthatsom · pronounsubject of hölloThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hölloheldhålloa · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on spikarnaSurface 'höllo' is past plural of 'hålla' (to hold/keep); lemma is a spelling artifact.
ihoptogetherihop · adverbdepends on höllomöblernafurnituremöbl · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hölloiini · prepositionpreposition marking plåtenplåtensheet metalplåt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies betsletsomthatsom · pronounsubject of täckteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
täcktecoveredtäcka · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on betslettaketrooftak · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of täckteThe gun that had wiped out the wild beasts was made of iron, and so was the pick that had broken open the mine.
Bössanthe gunBössan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounsubject of utrotatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of utrotatutrotatexterminatedutrota · verb, active, supinerelative clause on Bössanvilddjurenwild beastsvilddjur · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of utrotatvarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularcopula linking to hackanthe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking järnjärnironjärn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hackanochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlikasålikewiselikaså · adverbmodifies hackanhackanthe pickhacka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Bössansomthatsom · pronounsubject of brutitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of brutitbrutitbrokenbruta · verb, active, supinerelative clause on hackanuppupupp · adverbdepends on brutitgruvanthe minegruvan · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of brutitIron plated the warships he had seen at Karlskrona, on iron rails the locomotives rolled across the country, of iron was the needle that sewed the coat, the shears that sheared the sheep, the pot that cooked the food.
JärnironJärn · proper noun, nominativesubject of kläddeCommon noun 'iron' mistagged as a proper noun.
kläddeplatedklädde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekrigsfartygenwarshipskrigsfartyg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of kläddesomthatsom · pronoundirect object of settThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on kläddeiati · prepositionpreposition marking KarlskronaKarlskronaKarlskronaKarlskrona · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of settpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking järnskenorjärnskenoriron railsjärnskena · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of rulladerulladerolledrulla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kläddelokomotiventhe locomotiveslokomotiv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rulladeframforwardfram · adverbmodifies rulladegenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of framavofav · prepositionpreposition marking järnjärnironjärn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of rulladevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activequantifies rulladenålenthe needlenål · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rulladesomthatsom · pronounsubject of syddeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
syddesewedsyda · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on nålenrockencoatrock · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of syddesaxenscissorssax · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with rockensomthatsom · pronounsubject of klippteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
klippteshearedklippa · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on rockenfårenthe sheepfår · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of klipptegrytanpotgryta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with rockensomthatsom · pronounsubject of kokadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kokadecookedkoka · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on rockenmatenfoodmat · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kokadeGreat or small, everything that was useful and indispensable was made of iron.
Stortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesomas well assom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of småttsmåttsmallsmått · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of Stortalltallall · adverbparallel clause to Stortsomthatsom · pronounsubject of nyttigtThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to nyttigtnyttigtusefulnyttig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularrelative clause on alltochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationoumbärligtindispensableoumbärlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with nyttigtvarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularmodifies alltthe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking järnjärnironjärn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies varFather bear was probably right that it was iron which had given people their mastery over the bears.
BjörnfarFather BearBjörnfar · proper noun, nominativesubject of hadethe bear character's name, rendered by the translation as 'Father bear'.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenogprobablynog · adverbmodifies haderättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeiini · prepositionintroduces the clause of järnetattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of järnetdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with järnetvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to järnetjärnetironjärn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on hadesomwhichsom · pronounsubject of gettThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gettgettgivenge · verb, active, supinerelative clause on järnetmänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of gettderastheirde · pronounpossessor of övermaktpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
övermaktdominanceövermakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gettöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking björnarnabjörnarnabearsbjörn · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of övermakt- 64
"Well, will you, or won't you?" said father bear.
Nåwellnå · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseInterjection 'well/now then', mistagged as a noun.
villwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of ?duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with duduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villintenotinte · particlemodifies villsadesaidsadäge · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebjörnfarfather bearbjörnfar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sade - 65
The boy started up out of his thoughts.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sprattspratttrickspratt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseuppupupp · adverbdepends on spratturout ofur · prepositiondepends on sprattsinahissig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of tankartankarthoughtstank · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies spratt Here he stood thinking about perfectly unnecessary things, and had not yet found any way to save himself.
Härherehär · adverbmodifies stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodpåaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking sakeralldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies onödigaonödigaunnecessaryonödig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sakersakerthingssak · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of tänkteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodännuyetännu · adverbmodifies funnitintenotinte · particlemodifies funnitfunnitfoundfinna · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hadeutfindut · adverbdepends on funnitnågotanynågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of funnitatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of räddainfinitive marker before a verb.
räddato saverädda · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying sättsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of rädda"You mustn't be so impatient," he said.
Niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of otåligsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
fårmustfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of otåligintenotinte · particlemodifies otåligvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to otåligsåsoså · adverbmodifies otåligotåligimpatientotålig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with otålighanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade"This is an important matter for me, and I must be allowed time to think it over."
Dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sakärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to sakenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sakviktigimportantviktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies saksakthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseförforför · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sakochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fårfårmust be allowedfå · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with saklovbe allowedlov · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fåratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hainfinitive marker before a verb.
hato haveha · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fårtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of betänkainfinitive marker before a verb.
betänkato considerbetänka · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying tidmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of betänka- 66
"Well, think it over a while longer then!" said father bear.
Nåwellnå · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeInterjection 'well/now then', mistagged as a noun.
betänkthink it overbetänk · adverbmodifies digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularparallel clause to Nådåthendå · adverbmodifies stundänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase dåenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Nåsadesaidsadäge · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebjörnfarfather bearbjörnfar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sade "But I will tell you, it is because of iron that people have become so much cleverer than us bears, and for that reason alone I should be glad to see an end to the work here."
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sägaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of järnetsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with järnetsärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to järnetsjärnetsbecause of ironjärn · noun, genitive, neuter, singularpossessor of skullskullsakeskull · noun, nominative, common gender, singularparallel clause to sägaonly occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivitmänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of blivitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineclausal complement of sägasåsoså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies klokareklokarewiserklokare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcomplement of blivitMistagged as a noun; 'klokare' is the comparative of the adjective 'klok' (wise).
änthanän · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking björnarviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies björnarbjörnarbearsbjören · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of blivitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbarajustbara · adverbmodifies fådärförfor that reasondärför · adverbmodifies fåvillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fågärnagladgärna · adverbmodifies fåType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
fåput an end tofå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with blivitslutendslut · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fåpåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking arbetetarbetetworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fåhärherehär · adverbmodifies få- 67
When the boy had gotten the new reprieve, he wanted to use it to think up a plan of rescue.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåttpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttfåttgottenfå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on användadetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of uppskovetnyanewny · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies uppskovetuppskovetreprieveuppskov · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fåttvillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of användahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of användaanvändauseanvända · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of användaförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of tänkaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tänkainfinitive marker before a verb.
tänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on användautuput · adverbdepends on tänkaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of räddningsplanräddningsplanrescue planräddningsplan · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tänka But his thoughts went their own way that night, and they took up again with iron.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtankarnathe thoughtstankarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies gingogingowentgingo · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasePast plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective.
somassom · pronoundirect object of villeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of villevillewantedvilja · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on gingodenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of nattennattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of villeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gingoåteragainåter · adverbmodifies sysslasysslaoccupy themselvessyssla · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of börjademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking järnetjärnetironjärn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of börjadeHe seemed gradually to grasp what people must have had to think and ponder before they figured out how to smelt it out of the ore, and he seemed to see old blackened smiths standing bent over the forge, brooding over how best to handle it.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tycktesågraduallyså · adverbmodifies tycktesmåningomgraduallysmåningom · adverbpart of the phrase såUsed in the fixed phrase så småningom 'little by little.'
begripaunderstandbegripa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tycktevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of tänkamänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of tänkahadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänkamåsthad tomåst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralauxiliary of tänkatänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of begripaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfunderathink/figure outfundera · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with tänkainnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hittatdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hittathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hittathittatfigured outhitta · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on tänkapåoutpå · prepositiondepends on hittathurhowhur · adverbmodifies smältadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of smältaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of smältasmältasmeltsmälta · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of hittatframforwardfram · adverbdepends on smältadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of malmenurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking malmenmalmenoremalm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of smältaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with smältasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tyckteseseese · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tycktegamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies smedersvartablacksvart · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies smedersmedersmithssmeder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralpassive auxiliary of ståståstandstå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of selutadebentlutad · verb, past, indicative, activecomplement of ståöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking ässjanässjanthe forgeässja · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of lutadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgrubblato broodgrubbla · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with lutadeöveroveröver · prepositionintroduces the clause of hanterahurhowhur · adverbmodifies hanteradetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of rättsurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
rättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hanteraskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hanterahanterato handlehantera · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on grubbladetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hanteraIt was perhaps because they had brooded so much over iron that understanding had grown in people, until at last they had come far enough to build works as great as this one.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of grubblatvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to grubblatkanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies vardärförbecausedärför · adverbmodifies varattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of grubblatgrubblatponderedgrubbla · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies grubblatöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking järnetjärnetironjärn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of grubblatsomthatsom · pronounsubject of kommitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
förståndetunderstandingförstånde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on grubblatiini · prepositiondepends on kommitväxtgrownväxt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iActually the supine of the verb växa "to grow", mislabeled as a noun; all examples mean "has/had grown".
hoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking människornamänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kommittillsuntiltills · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hunnitdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hunnitäntligenfinallyäntligen · adverbmodifies hunnithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hunnithunnitcome far enoughhinna · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on kommitsåenoughså · adverbmodifies långtlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies hunnitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of byggadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of byggakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of byggabyggato buildbygga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hunnitsådanasuchsån · adjective, nominative, pluraldirect object of byggahärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase sådanastorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies verkverkworksverk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of byggaIt was certainly true that people had iron to thank for more than they themselves knew.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with säkertvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to säkertsäkertsurelysäker · adverbhead of the phrasesåtrueså · adverbmodifies säkertattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hademänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on säkertjärnetironjärn · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tackainfinitive marker before a verb.
tackathanktacka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hadeGloss 'thank' is correct for the infinitive verb, but example ch13-p20-s8 ('sade en gammal tacka') uses the unrelated homograph noun 'tacka' meaning 'ewe' — that example is mis-slotted under this verb lemma and should not be read as 'to thank'.
förforför · prepositiondirect object of tackamermoremycket · adverbdirect object of tackaänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of visstedetheyde · determiner, pluralsubject of vissteThis type's own examples show 'de' used as the plain personal pronoun "they" (de voro ovanligt strävsamma = "they were unusually...") as often as the determiner "the" (de andra = "the others"); a fixed gloss of "the" mis-renders every pronoun occurrence.
självathemselvessjälv · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hade- 68
"Well, how's it going?" said father bear.
Nåwellnå · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseInterjection 'well/now then', mistagged as a noun.
hurhowhur · adverbmodifies gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to Nådetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gårsadesaidsadäge · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebjörnfarfather bearbjörnfar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sade "Will you, or won't you?"
VillwillVill · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Villelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activelinks the coordinationduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villintenotinte · particlemodifies vill- 69
The boy gave a start.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ryckterycktetuggedrycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetillstarttill · prepositiondepends on ryckte Here he stood thinking useless thoughts, and still did not know how he should manage to get away.
Härherehär · adverbmodifies stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodonödigaunnecessaryonödig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tankartankarthoughtstank · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodännustillännu · adverbmodifies vissteintenotinte · particlemodifies visstehurhowhur · adverbmodifies bärahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bäraskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bärabärato carrybära · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of visstesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bäraåtabout itåt · prepositiondepends on bäraförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of kommaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on bäraundanawayundan · adverbdepends on komma"It's not so easy to choose as you think," he said.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lättärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to lättintenotinte · particlemodifies lättsåsoså · adverbmodifies lättlätteasylätt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasech01-p14 'ett lätt buller' renders as 'a faint noise' in the translation, a distinct sense from weight/air-lightness or ease.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of väljainfinitive marker before a verb.
väljato choosevälja · verb, active, infinitivedepends on lättsomassom · pronoundirect object of trorThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trorsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
trorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on lättsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to lätthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade"You must allow me more time to think."
Niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fårsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
fårmust allowfå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencelovmust allowlov · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fåratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of geinfinitive marker before a verb.
geto givege · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fårmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of gebetänketidtime to thinkbetänketid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ge- 70
"A while longer I can wait for you," said father bear.
Äna while longerÄn · subordinating conjunctionmodifies väntaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of väntakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of väntajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väntaväntato waitvänta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencepåforpå · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of väntasadesaidsaa · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to väntalemma should be säga 'to say'; sade/sa are its past-tense forms.
björnfarfather bearbjörnfar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sade "But after that you'll get no further delay.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsedanthensedan · adverbmodifies fårfårgetfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fårintenotinte · particlemodifies fårlängrelongerlång · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies anståndanstånddelayanstånd · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fårYou should know it is iron's fault that people can live here in bear country, and so you can well understand that I want an end to the work here."
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of vetavetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of feldetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of felärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to feljärnetsiron'sjärn · noun, genitive, neuter, singularpossessor of felfelfaultfel · noun, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of vetaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of levamänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of levakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of levalevato liveleva · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying felhärherehär · adverbdepends on levaiini · prepositionpreposition marking björnmarkenbjörnmarkenbear countrybjörnmark · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of levaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåsodå · adverbmodifies förståkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of förståduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstånogwellnog · adverbmodifies förståförståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with levaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of havillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of förståslutendslut · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hapåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking arbetetarbetetworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hahärherehär · adverbmodifies ha- 71
The boy meant to use this last reprieve to think out some rescue, but anxious and confused as he was, his thoughts went their own way, and they now began to dwell on all he had seen while flying over the Bergslagen country.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ämnadeämnadeintendedämna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenyttjato usenyttja · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of ämnadedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of uppskovetsistalastsista · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies uppskovetuppskovetreprieveuppskov · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of nyttjatillfortill · prepositionintroduces the clause of tänkaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tänkainfinitive marker before a verb.
tänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying uppskovetutoutut · adverbdepends on tänkanågonsomenågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of räddningräddningrescueräddning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tänkamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåasså · adverbmodifies ängsligängsliganxiousängslig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ämnadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförvirradconfusedförvirrad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ängsligsomassom · pronounintroduces the clause of varThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ängsliggingowentgingo · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tankarnaPast plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective.
tankarnathe thoughtstankarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of ängsligsomassom · pronounoblique complement of villeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of villevillewantedvilja · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on tankarnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ämnadenunownu · adverbmodifies sysslasysslato dwell onsyssla · verb, active, infinitivedirect object of börjademedwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of flögalltallall · determiner, neuter, singularintroduces the clause of flögdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase alltsomthatsom · pronounsubject of ,Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supinerelative clause on sommedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of flöghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flögflögflewflög · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on börjadeActually the past tense of flyga ('to fly'), mistagged here as present.
framforwardfram · adverbdepends on flögöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking BergslagernaBergslagernamining districtsBergslagerna · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of flög It was certainly remarkable that there was so much life and activity, so much work, out there in the wilderness.
Nogcertainlynog · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to märkvärdigtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with märkvärdigtbraverybra · adverbmodifies märkvärdigtmärkvärdigtremarkablemärkvärdig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fannsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativedepends on märkvärdigtexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
såsoså · adverbmodifies fannsmycketmuchmycket · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies livlivlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of fannsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrörelsemovementrörelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with livsåsoså · adverbmodifies arbetemycketmuchmycken · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies arbetearbeteworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularparallel clause to märkvärdigtbortaout thereborta · adverbmodifies märkvärdigtiini · prepositionpreposition marking vildmarkenvildmarkenwildernessvildmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bortaJust think how poor and desolate it would have been here, if there had been no iron!
TänkthinkTänk · verb, imperative, activesubject of varitsåhowså · adverbmodifies fattigtfattigtpoorfattig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies Tänkochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationödedesolateöde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with fattigtöde is both a neuter noun 'fate' and an unrelated adjective 'deserted/desolate'; some examples use the adjective.
härherehär · adverbmodifies Tänkskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varithahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of funnitsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with funnitsintenotinte · particlemodifies funnitshadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of funnitsfunnitsexisted/been foundfunnits · verb, passive, supineclausal complement of varitjärnironjärn · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of funnitsHe thought about this works, which had given work to so many ever since it began to be built, and which had now gathered around itself so many houses full of people, and which had drawn to itself railways and telegraph wires, and which sent out...
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking verkstadendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of verkstadenhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase denverkstadenworksverkstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tänktesomwhichsom · pronounsubject of gettThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gettgettgivenge · verb, active, supinerelative clause on verkstadenarbeteworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gettåttoåt · prepositiondepends on gettsåsoså · adverbmodifies mångamångamanymånga · pronoun, pluralcoordinated with gettalltallall · adverbintroduces the clause of börjatsedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase alltdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of börjathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of börjatbörjatbegunbörja · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on gettbyggasto be builtbygga · verb, passive, infinitivecomplement of börjatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of samlatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
nunownu · adverbmodifies samlathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of samlatsamlatgatheredsamla · verb, active, supinecoordinated with gettomkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of samlatsåsoså · adverbmodifies mångamångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hushushouseshus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of samlatfullafullfull · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying husavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralagent of fullaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of dragitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of dragitdragitdrawndraga · verb, active, supinecoordinated with gettArchaic supine of dra; sense shifts widely with the particle it governs (dragit i led, dragit ihop, dragit bort, dragit upp).
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of dragitjärnvägarrailwaysjärnväg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of dragitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtelegraftrådartelegraph wirestelegraftråd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with järnvägarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of sändeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
sändesentsän · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tänkteLemma is a truncated form of sända; surface sände is the past tense, 'sent'.
utoutut · adverbdepends on sände- 72
"Well, how's it going?" said the bear.
Nåwellnå · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseInterjection 'well/now then', mistagged as a noun.
hurhowhur · adverbmodifies gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to Nådetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gårsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebjörnenthe bearbjörn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sadeSurface 'björnen' is definite singular, not plural.
"Will you, or won't you?"
VillwillVill · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Villelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activelinks the coordinationduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villintenotinte · particlemodifies vill- 73
The boy passed his hand over his forehead.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of strökströkpassedströk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasePast tense of stryka, mistagged as an adjective.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of strökmedwithmed · prepositionmodifies strökhandenhandhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase medöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking pannanpannanforeheadpanna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of strök He had thought out no rescue, but this much he knew: that he did not want to do anything against iron, which was such a good help to rich and poor alike, and which gave bread to so many people in this land.
Ingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of räddningräddningrescueräddning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänkthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkttänktthoughttänka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceutoutut · adverbdepends on tänktmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthisså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tänkthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vissteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of görahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of göraintenotinte · particlemodifies göravillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of göragöradogöra · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of visstenågotanythingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of göramotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking järnetjärnetironjärn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of görasomwhichsom · pronounsubject of hjälpThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to hjälpenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hjälpsåsuchså · adverbmodifies godgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hjälphjälphelphjälp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on vissteförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking rikrikrichrik · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hjälpochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfattigpoorfattig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with rikochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of gavThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
gavgavege · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hjälpLight-verb idioms in the examples: "gav ... till ett klagoskrik" = let out a cry; "gav sig tid" = took the time — not literal "gave" in either case.
brödbreadbröd · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gavåttoåt · prepositionpreposition marking människorsåsoså · adverbmodifies mångamångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gaviini · prepositionpreposition marking landdettathisdenna · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gav- 74
"I won't," he said.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villvillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies villsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to villhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade - 75
Father bear squeezed him a little harder between his paws without saying anything.
BjörnfarFather BearBjörnfar · proper noun, nominativesubject of kramadethe bear character's name, rendered by the translation as 'Father bear'.
kramadesqueezedkrama · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of kramadeliteta littlelitet · adverbmodifies hårdarehårdarehardhård · adverbmodifies kramademellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking ramarnaramarnathe pawsramarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kramadeutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of sägaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sägainfinitive marker before a verb.
sägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kramadenågotanythingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of säga - 76
"You shall not be able to get me to destroy an ironworks," said the boy.
Niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
skawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåintenotinte · particlemodifies fåkunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of fåfågetfå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåtillto destroytill · prepositionintroduces the clause of förstöraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förstörainfinitive marker before a verb.
förstörato destroyförstöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fåettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of järnverkjärnverkironworksjärnverk · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of förstörasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to fåpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade "For iron is such a great blessing that one cannot go about laying hands on it."
Förforför · prepositionpreposition marking järnetjärnetironjärn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of välsignelseärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to välsignelsetilla blessingtill · prepositionpreposition marking välsignelsesåsuchså · adverbmodifies storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies välsignelsevälsignelseblessingvälsignelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gårdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gårintenotinte · particlemodifies gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on välsignelseancannotan · adverbdepends on gårUsed only in the fixed idiom 'gå an' meaning 'to be all right/permitted'.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förgripainfinitive marker before a verb.
förgripalay hands onförgripa · verb, active, infinitivedepends on gårsigoneselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of förgripapåagainstpå · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of förgripa- 77
"Then I suppose you don't expect to live much longer either?" said the bear.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies väntarväntarexpectvänta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väntarvälsupposeväl · adverbmodifies väntarintenotinte · particlemodifies väntarhellereitherheller · adverbmodifies väntarattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of levaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of levaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of levafåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of levalevato liveleva · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of väntarlängemuch longerlänge · adverbmodifies levasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebjörnenthe bearbjörn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sadeSurface 'björnen' is definite singular, not plural.
- 78
"No, I don't expect that," said the boy, looking father bear straight in the eyes.
Nejnonej · interjectiondepends on väntardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on väntarväntarexpectvänta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väntarintenotinte · particlemodifies väntarsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to väntarpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåägg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadePast tense of 'se' (to see), despite the odd lemma spelling.
björnfarfather bearbjörnfar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sågraktstraightrak · adverbmodifies sågininin · adverbmodifies sågiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking ögonenögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of in - 79
Father bear squeezed still harder with his paws.
BjörnfarFather BearBjörnfar · proper noun, nominativesubject of klämdethe bear character's name, rendered by the translation as 'Father bear'.
klämdesqueezedklämde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetillsqueezedtill · prepositiondepends on klämdeänstillän · adverbintroduces the clause of hårdarehårdarehardhård · adverbadverbial clause on klämdemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ramarnaramarnathe pawsramarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of klämde It hurt so much that the boy's eyes filled with tears, but he was silent and said nothing.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies ontonthurtont · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gjordeBoth examples ('göra oss något ont' = 'do us harm', 'inte hade förmått göra mycket ont' = 'not been able to do much harm') attest the sense 'harm', not 'pain', which was the pinned default gloss.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fickpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickfilledfå · verb, past, indicative, activeclause modifying onttårarnatearståre · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of fickiini · prepositionpreposition marking ögonenögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of fickmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tystvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tysttystquiettyst · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with fickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tystingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sade- 80
"Well, so be it then!" said father bear, and raised one paw slowly, for he hoped right to the last that the boy would give in.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on »dåthendå · adverbmodifies såsåso be itså · adverbmodifies Jasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebjörnfarfather bearbjörnfar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhöjderaisedhöja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ramenenaoneena · adjective, nominativemodifies ramenramenpawram · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of höjdelångsamtslowlylångsam · adverbmodifies höjdeförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of hoppadeshanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive hoppadeshoppadeshopedhoppa · verb, past, indicative, passiveadverbial clause on sadeininin · adverbdepends on hoppadesitoi · prepositionpreposition marking sistadetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sistasistalastsista · adjective, nominative, superlativeoblique complement of hoppadesattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of geskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gegeto givege · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on sistamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of ge - 81
Just then the boy heard something click close beside them, and he saw a shiny gun barrel gleaming a few steps away.
Ijust theni · prepositionpreposition marking detsammadetsammathendetsamma · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of knäpptenågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of knäppteknäppteclickedknäppte · adjective, nominativeadverbial clause on hördetillclicktill · prepositionpreposition marking demtättclosetätt · adverbmodifies bredvidbredvidbesidebredvid · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of knäppteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hördepast tense of se, 'to see.'
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bössmynningblankglassyblank · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bössmynningbössmynninggun muzzlebössmynning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blänkablänkato gleamblänka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of sågpåawaypå · prepositionpreposition marking stegsettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies stegsstegsstepsstegs · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of blänkaavstånddistancesavstånd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of blänka Both he and father bear had been so taken up with their own affair that they had not noticed a person creeping right up close to them.
Bådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive upptagnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbjörnfarfather bearbjörnfar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with hanhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of upptagnavaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to upptagnasåsoså · adverbmodifies upptagnaupptagnataken upupptagen · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking sittsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularagent of upptagnapossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of märktdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of märktintenotinte · particlemodifies märkthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of märktmärktnoticedmärka · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on upptagnaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of smugitenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of människamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of smugithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of smugitsmugitcreptsmu · verb, active, supineclausal complement of märktLemma is truncated; the word is 'smyga' (to creep/sneak).
sigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of smugittättclosetätt · adverbmodifies smugitinpåright up oninpå · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of smugit- 82
"Father bear!" screamed the boy.
BjörnfarFather BearBjörnfar · proper noun, nominativehead of the phrasethe bear character's name, rendered by the translation as 'Father bear'.
skrekshriekedskrek · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Björnfarpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skrek "Don't you hear a gun hammer clicking?
Hörhear/listenHör · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Hörsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
intenotinte · particlemodifies Hörattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of knäpperdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of knäpperknäpperclicksknäppa · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of Höriini · prepositionpreposition marking bösshaneenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bösshanebösshanegun hammerbösshane · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of knäpperRun!
SpringRun!spring · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseImperative of the verb 'springa' (to run); mistagged as a noun.
Or else you'll be shot."
Annarsotherwiseannars · adverbmodifies blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blirsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
skjutenshotskjut · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blir- 83
Father bear was in a great hurry, but still took time to bring the boy along with him.
BjörnfarFather BearBjörnfar · proper noun, nominativesubject of bråttomthe bear character's name, rendered by the translation as 'Father bear'.
fickbecamefå · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bråttombråttomin a hurrybråttom · adverbhead of the phrasemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with bråttomsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of gjordeändåstilländå · adverbmodifies gjordetidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gjordeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tainfinitive marker before a verb.
tato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gjordepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of ta A couple of shots cracked out as he dashed off, and the bullets whined about his ears, but he got away safely.
Ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies skottskottshotsskott · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of smälldesmälldeclappedsmälla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of rusadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rusaderusaderushedrusa · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on smälldebortawaybort · adverbdepends on rusadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkulornathe bulletskula · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of venovenowhinedvenoa · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with smälldehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of venoomaroundom · prepositionpreposition marking öronenöronenearsöron · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of venomenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with smälldelyckligtsafelylycklig · adverbmodifies komlyckligt often means "safely/successfully," not just "happily" — a minor false-friend trap.
undanawayundan · adverbdepends on kom- 84
Hanging there outside the bear's jaws, the boy thought he had probably never been so foolish as this night.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies hängdepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hängdehängdehunghänga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceutanföroutsideutanför · prepositionpreposition marking björngapetbjörngapetthe bear's jawsbjörngap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hängdetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hängdehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dumhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dumvälprobablyväl · adverbmodifies dumaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies dumhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of dumvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to dumsåsoså · adverbmodifies dumdumfoolishdum · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on hängdesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of iitonighti · prepositionadverbial clause on dumnattnightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase i If only he had kept quiet, the bear would have been shot, and he himself would have gotten free.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadebarajustbara · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tegattegatkept silenttega · verb, active, supinedepends on hadesåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitbjörnenbearbjörn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadeblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceskjutenshotskjut · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommitsjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying hanhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinecoordinated with blivitlöslooselös · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of kommitBut he had grown so used to helping the animals that he did it entirely without thinking.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies vanvanused tovan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hjälpainfinitive marker before a verb.
hjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of blivitdjurenanimalsdjur · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of hjälpaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gjordehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blivitdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of gjordealldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies tänkautanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of tänkaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tänkainfinitive marker before a verb.
tänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gjordesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tänkaföraheadför · prepositionpreposition marking tänka- 85
When father bear had gone some way into the forest, he stopped and set the boy down on the ground.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommitbjörnfarfather bearbjörnfar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on stannadeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of styckestyckepiecestycke · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kommitinåtintoinåt · prepositionpreposition marking skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommitstannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stannadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stannadepast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
nerdownner · adverbdepends on sattepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sattepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of satte "You have my thanks, little fellow!" he said.
Tackthankstack · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of haskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of haduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencepysslinggnomepyssling · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haA synonym for tomte, the household gnome; sometimes left untranslated as 'pyssling.'
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade"Those bullets would surely have found their mark better, if not for you.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasedärtheredär · adverbmodifies träffatkulornathe bulletskulorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of träffatskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of träffatnogsurelynog · adverbmodifies träffathahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of träffatträffatfound their markträffa · verb, active, supinerelative clause on Debättrebetterbra · adverbmodifies träffatomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varitintenotinte · particlemodifies hadeduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on DeAnd now I want to do you a service in return.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies göravillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of görajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of göragöradogöra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of göraenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tjänsttjänstservicetjänst · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of göraigenagainigen · adverbmodifies göraIf you should ever run into a bear again, just tell him this, which I'm now going to whisper to you, and he won't touch you!"
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of råkaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkaråkarun intoråka · verb, active, infinitivedepends on sägutrun intout · adverbdepends on råkaförintoför · prepositionpreposition marking björnenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of björnbjörnbearbjörn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of råkanågonevernågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gångmeragainmycket · adverbmodifies gånggångagaingång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularquantifies björnsåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on sägsägtellsäga · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencebarajustbara · adverbmodifies sägtilltelltill · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sägdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sägsomwhichsom · pronoundirect object of viskarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of viskarnunownu · adverbmodifies viskarviskarwhisperviska · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on dettatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of viskarsåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on rörrörtouchröra · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to säghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rördigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of rörintenotinte · particlemodifies rör- 86
Then father bear whispered a couple of words in the boy's ear and hurried on, for he thought he heard dogs and hunters in pursuit of him.
DärpåthenDärpå · adverbmodifies viskadeviskadewhisperedviska · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebjörnfarfather bearbjörnfar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of viskadeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ordordwordsord · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of viskadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking öratöratearöra · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of viskadepåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of viskadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with viskadesedanthensedan · adverbmodifies skyndadevidarefurthervidare · adverbmodifies skyndadeförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of tycktehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on viskadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tycktehörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förföljdehundardogshund · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of förföljdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjägarehuntersjägare · adverbcoordinated with hundarförföljdepursuedförföljde · verb, active, supineclausal complement of tyckteMorphology tag says supine but the form is past tense; gloss reflects the finite past-tense sense.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of förföljde - 87
But the boy stood there alone in the forest, free and unhurt, and could hardly believe himself how this was possible.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on stodiini · prepositionpreposition marking skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodfrifreefri · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationoskadadunhurtoskadad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with friochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of självknappthardlyknappt · adverbmodifies självsjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with stodförståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of stodhurhowhur · adverbmodifies möjligtdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of möjligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to möjligtmöjligtpossiblemöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on stodhalf the examples (ch01-p27, ch04-p30) use the fixed idiom 'allt möjligt' = 'all sorts of/everything', not the literal 'possible' sense used in the other two.
- 88
The wild geese had flown back and forth the whole evening, scanning and calling, but had not been able to find Thumbietot.
Vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässen · proper noun, nominativesubject of flugithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flugitflugitflownfluga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceframforwardfram · adverbdepends on flugitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtillbakabacktillbaka · adverbcoordinated with framhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies kvällenkvälleneveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flugitspanatsearchedspana · verb, active, supinecoordinated with flugitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationropatcalledropa · verb, active, supinecoordinated with spanatmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies finnakunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of finnafinnafindfinna · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with flugitTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativedirect object of finnathe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
They kept on searching long after the sun had gone down, and when at last it had grown so dark that they had to settle down to sleep, they were very downhearted.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of höllohöllokept onhöllo · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåkept onpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of sökaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sökainfinitive marker before a verb.
sökasearchsöka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on höllolängelonglänge · adverbmodifies sökaefterafterefter · prepositionintroduces the clause of gåttsedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåttsolensunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttgone downgå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sökanerdownner · adverbdepends on gåttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · adverbintroduces the clause of blivitFunctions as a subordinating conjunction, not an adverb.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase närtillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies blivitsistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase tillhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinecoordinated with höllosåsoså · adverbmodifies mörktmörktdarkmörk · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of blivitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ställadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ställamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of ställaställato settle downställa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on mörktsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ställaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sovainfinitive marker before a verb.
sovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on ställavorowerevoro · verb, imperative, activecopula linking to missmodigaOld plural past tense of vara ('to be'), mistagged here as imperative.
detheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of missmodigasurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
mycketverymycket · adverbmodifies missmodigamissmodigadownheartedmissmodig · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of blivitThere was not one of them who did not believe that the boy had been killed in the fall and now lay dead down on the forest floor, where they could not see him.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of envarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to enintenotinte · particlemodifies varenoneman · pronoun, common gender, singularhead of the phraseSurfaces are only "en"/"En" used as a counting pronoun ("en av dem" = "one of them"), not the indefinite generic pronoun man/en ("one does X"). Lemma is mistagged as man; it should be en (numeral pronoun "one"). Gloss "one" happens to still be correct.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies ensomwhosom · pronounsubject of troddeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies troddetroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on demattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slagitpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slagithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slagitslagitkilledslå · verb, active, supineclausal complement of enihjälto deathihjäl · verb, active, supinedepends on slagitsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of slagitiini · prepositionpreposition marking falletfalletfallfall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of slagitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies låglåglowlåg · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies döddöddeaddöd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with slagitExamples mix the noun (döden) with adjectival uses (död gås); flag if the occurrence is adjectival.
neredownnere · adverbmodifies dödpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking skogsbottnenskogsbottnenthe forest floorskogsbottn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of neredärtheredär · adverbmodifies sedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of seintenotinte · particlemodifies sekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on skogsbottnenhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of se- 89
But the next morning, when the sun came up over the mountains and woke the wild geese, the boy lay as usual sleeping in the midst of them, and he could not help laughing when he woke and heard them shrieking and cackling in their astonishment.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnästanextnästa · adjective, nominativemodifies morgonmorgonmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionmodifies lågsolensunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stackstackcamestack · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase närThis is actually the past tense of the verb stinga 'to stick/poke', mistagged as a noun.
uppupupp · adverbmodifies stackovanoverovan · adverbmodifies bergenAlso occurs meaning 'unaccustomed' (ovan att flyga = unused to flying), a distinct sense from locative 'above'.
bergenmountainberg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of uppochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationväcktewokeväckte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with uppvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of väckteattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
låglaylåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on morgonpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lågsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vanligtvanligtusualvanlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclause modifying pojkenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsovsleptsov · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågmittiblandright amongmittibland · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sovFunctions as the preposition 'mittibland' (right in the midst of), mistagged as a noun.
demthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of sovochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låtakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of låtaintenotinte · particlemodifies låtalåtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with lågblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivedirect object of låtaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of skrattainfinitive marker before a verb.
skrattalaughskratta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on låtanärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vaknadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vaknadevaknadewoke upvakna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on skrattaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vaknadehurhowhur · adverbmodifies skrekodetheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of skrekoSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
skrekocried outskreko · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of hördeTagged as a noun but is the past plural of skrika, 'to cry/shout' (kommo, gingo-style historical plural).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkackladecackledkackla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with skrekoiini · prepositionpreposition marking förvåningsintheirsig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of förvåningförvåningastonishmentförvåning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kacklade - 90
They were so eager to find out what had happened to him that they refused to go off to graze until he had told the whole story.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of voroSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
såsoså · adverbmodifies ivrigaivrigaeagerivrig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies voroatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on ivrigavetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with vorovadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on häntsomwhatsom · pronounsubject of häntThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hänthänthappenedhän · verb, active, supineclausal complement of vetasupine of 'hända' (to happen).
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of häntattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of faradetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of faraintenotinte · particlemodifies faravillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of farafaragofara · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on vorosome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
bortawaybort · adverbmodifies farapåto grazepå · prepositionpreposition marking betebetegrazingbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies faraförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies talatused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of talattalattalkedtala · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on faraomtellom · prepositionpreposition marking historiahelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies historiasinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of historiahistoriastoryhistoria · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talat The boy related the whole bear adventure quickly and eagerly, but after that he did not seem to want to go on.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of berättadeberättadetoldberätta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencerasktbrisklyrask · adverbmodifies berättadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationivrigteagerivrig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with raskthelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies äventyretäventyretadventureäventyr · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of berättademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking björnarnabjörnarnabearsbjörn · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of berättademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsedanthensedan · adverbmodifies tycktestycktesseemedtycktes · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with berättadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktesintenotinte · particlemodifies fortsättaviljato wantvilja · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of fortsättafortsättato continuefortsätta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tycktes"How I got back to you, you must know already," he said.
Hurhowhur · adverbmodifies komjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on vettillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies komtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of komdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sadeniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
välmustväl · adverbmodifies vetredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies vetsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade— "No, we know nothing.
Nejnonej · interjectionhead of the phraseviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to Nejingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of vetWe thought you had killed yourself."
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of troddetroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slagitduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slagithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slagitslagitkilledslå · verb, active, supineclausal complement of troddeihjälto deathihjäl · verb, active, supinedepends on slagitdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of ihjäl— "That's strange," said the boy.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of besynnerligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to besynnerligtbesynnerligtstrangebesynnerlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to besynnerligtpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade"Well, when father bear left me, I climbed up into a spruce and fell asleep.
Jowell/yesjo · interjectiondepends on gickused to affirm or answer a question, often contradicting an implied doubt.
närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gickbjörnfarfather bearbjörnfar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on klättradeifrånfromifrån · prepositiondepends on gickmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of gickklättradeclimbedklättra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of klättradeoppupopp · verb, present, indicative, activecomplement of klättrademistagged as a verb; this is the dialectal/colloquial adverb opp, a variant of upp 'up'.
iintoi · prepositionpreposition marking granenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of grangransprucegran · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of oppochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsomnadefell asleepsomna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with oppininin · adverbdepends on somnadeBut at first light I woke to find an eagle come swooping over me, seize me in its claws, and carry me off.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiati · prepositionpreposition marking gryningenförstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies gryningensurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
gryningendawngryning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vaknadevaknadewoke upvakna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vaknadevidtovid · prepositionintroduces the clause of komattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of örnörneagleörn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on vaknadesusandeswoopingsusa · adjective, nominativedirect object of komöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vaknademigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of togiini · prepositionpreposition marking klorsinaitssig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of klorklorclawskla · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of togModern headword is 'klo'; lemma appears truncated as 'kla'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfördecarried offförde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with togbortawaybort · adverbdepends on fördemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of fördeI thought, of course, that now it was all over for me.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceförståsof courseförstås · adverbmodifies tänkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varnunownu · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tänktedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varuteoutsideute · adverbmodifies varmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of varBut he did nothing to me, just flew straight here to you and dropped me down right among you."
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of gjordeingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of gjordeforflewfor · prepositionpreposition marking vägenPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
barajustbara · adverbmodifies vägenrakastraightrak · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies vägenvägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gjordehitherehit · adverbmodifies vägentilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluralmodifies vägenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gjordenerdownner · adverbdepends on kastademigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of kastademittiblandright amongmittibland · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kastadeFunctions as the preposition 'mittibland' (right in the midst of), mistagged as a noun.
eryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of kastade- 91
"Didn't he tell you what he was?" asked the big white one.
SadesaidSade · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Sadeintenotinte · particlemodifies Sadevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of varhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of Sadeförsort offör · prepositionpreposition marking enenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of varfrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of frågadestorebigstore · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies viteWeak-declension form of 'stor'.
vitethe white onevite · verb, active, infinitivedirect object of frågade - 92
"He was gone before I even had time to say thank you.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebortagoneborta · adverbmodifies varinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hannjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hannhannhad timehann · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sägaPast tense of hinna, 'to have time to / manage to (before something else happens)'.
sägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on vartackthankstack · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase varenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångevengång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of var I thought mother Akka had sent him to fetch me."
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of troddetroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skickatmormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies AkkaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of skickatproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skickatskickatsentskickat · verb, active, supineclausal complement of troddehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of skickatförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of hämtaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hämtainfinitive marker before a verb.
hämtato fetchhämta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skickatmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of hämta- 93
"This is a strange business," said the white gander.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with märkvärdigtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to märkvärdigtmärkvärdigtstrangemärkvärdig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of härhärherehär · adverbmodifies märkvärdigtsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to märkvärdigtdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåskarlenvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gåskarlengåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sademorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
"Are you sure it was an eagle?"
Ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to säkerduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of säkersäkersuresäker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasepåthatpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of örnattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of örndetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of örnvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to örnenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of örnörneagleörn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of säker- 94
"Well, I've never seen an eagle before," said the boy.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies settharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of settjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settnånsinevernånsin · adverbmodifies settförutbeforeförut · adverbpart of the phrase nånsinsettseense · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of örnörneagleörn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of settpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade "But he was so big that I can't give him any lesser name."
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of storvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to storsåsoså · adverbmodifies storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of geintenotinte · particlemodifies gekancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gegeto givege · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on storhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of geettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ringareringarelesserringare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of genamnnamenamn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of ringare- 95
Morten Goosey-Gander turned to the wild geese to hear what they thought about this.
MårtenMortenMårten · proper noun, nominativepossessor of gåskarlthe studio translation renders this name as 'Morten'.
gåskarlgandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändevändeturnedvände · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vändetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vändeattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
förtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of höraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hörainfinitive marker before a verb.
hörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on vändevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of menadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of menademenademeant/thoughtmena · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of höraomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of menade But they stood looking up into the air and looked as though they were thinking about entirely different things.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of stodosurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
stodostoodstodo · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasePast plural of stå ('to stand'); tagged as adjective.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtittadelookedtitta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodouppåtupwarduppåt · adverbmodifies tittadeluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of uppåtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågosawsågo · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with tittademistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw).
utlookut · adverbdepends on sågosomassom · pronounsubject of tänkteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tänktedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on stodopåaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking sakerheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies andraandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sakersakerthingssak · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of tänkte- 96
"We really mustn't quite forget to eat breakfast today," said Akka, and quickly lifted her wings to fly.
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fårfårmustn'tfå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevälreallyväl · adverbmodifies fårintenotinte · particlemodifies glömmaalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies glömmaglömmato forgetglömma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fåratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ätainfinitive marker before a verb.
ätaeatäta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of glömmafrukostbreakfastfrukost · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ätaitodayi · prepositionmodifies ätadagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase isadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to fårAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of sadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlyfteliftedlyfte · verb, imperative, activecoordinated with AkkaMislabeled as imperative; lyfte is the simple past tense of lyfta ("to lift").
hastigtquicklyhastig · adverbmodifies lyftevingarnathe wingsvingarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of lyftelemma should be vinge 'wing'.
tillto flytill · prepositionpreposition marking flyktflyktflightflykt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lyfte
The particulars
- The text
- Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige, Selma Lagerlöf. The Wonderful Adventures of Nils.
- Translation
- Public-domain Swedish (Lagerlöf, d. 1940; published 1906–07). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
- Words
- Every word of the text, by letter.
- Data
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