Swedish · The Wonderful Adventures of Nils
Brorslotten
The Brother's Portion
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- 1
There was no place in Sweden where Bataki, the raven, liked himself so much as in Falun.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
intenotinte · particlemodifies fannsnågotanynågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ställeställeplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of fannsiini · prepositionpreposition marking SverigeSverigeSwedenSverige · proper noun, nominativemodifies ställedärtheredär · adverbmodifies BatakiBatakiBatakibataki · proper noun, nominativesubject of tycktekorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Batakitycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to fannssåasså · adverbmodifies tycktemycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies tyckteomlikedom · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of tycktesomassom · pronounintroduces the clause of FalunThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking FalunFalunFalunFalun · proper noun, nominativecomplement of tycktemining town, capital of Dalarna.
As soon as the ground turned a little bare in spring, he set off there and then lingered several weeks near the old mining town.
Såasså · adverbmodifies blevsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies Såsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blevdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on begavenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of smulasmulabitsmula · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bartbartbarebar · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of blevpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blevominom · prepositionpreposition marking vårenvårenspringvår · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies markenbegavset offbegava · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of begavsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of begavdittheredit · adverbmodifies begavochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdröjdedelayeddröjde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with begavsedanthensedan · prepositionpreposition marking veckorAlso glossed as preposition (since/for/ago), but example ch03-p30-s3 ('Han följde sedan barnen...') uses sedan adverbially to mean 'then/afterward', a sense the original senses list omitted.
fleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies veckorveckorweeksvecka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gruvstadeniini · prepositionpreposition marking gruvstadennärhetenvicinitynärhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iavofav · prepositionpart of the phrase idenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gruvstadengamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gruvstadengruvstadenthe mining towngruvstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of dröjde- 2
Falun lies in a valley hollow, through which a short stream flows.
FalunFalunfalun · proper noun, nominativesubject of liggerliggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceiini · prepositionpreposition marking dalsänkaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dalsänkadalsänkavalley hollowdalsänka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of liggersomwhichsom · pronounsubject of passive genomflytesThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
genomflytesis traversedgenomflytes · verb, passive, supinerelative clause on dalsänkaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking kortenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kortkortshortkort · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularagent of genomflytesåstreamå · prepositionmodifies genomflytesMostly used as the noun for a small river (Ronneby å); the idiom fara å färde 'be afoot/underway' is an old prepositional use.
At the valley's northern end lies a clear and lovely little lake with green, many-pointed shores, called Varpan.
Vidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking norradalensthe valley'sdal · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of norranorranorthernnorra · adjective, nominative, singularoblique complement of liggerändaendända · adverbmodifies liggerliggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sjöklarclearklar · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sjöochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvackerbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with klarlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sjösjölakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of liggermedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking grönskandegrönskandegreengrönskande · adjective, nominativemodifies liggermånguddigamany-pointedmånguddig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies strändersträndershoresstränd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with grönskandesomthatsom · pronounsubject of passive kallasThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kallasis calledkalla · verb, present, indicative, passiverelative clause on stränderVarpanVarpanVarpan · proper noun, nominativecomplement of kallasAt the southern end lies a lake-like inlet of Runn, called Tisken, which has shallow, impure water and swampy, ugly shores, cluttered with all sorts of rubbish.
Vidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking ändansödrasouthernsödra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies ändanändanendändan · adverboblique complement of liggerNoun 'ändan' (the end); mistagged as adverb.
liggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of viksjöliknandelake-likesjöliknande · adjective, nominativemodifies vikvikbayvik · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of liggeravofav · prepositionpreposition marking RunnRunnRunnRunn · proper noun, nominativemodifies vikLake name.
somwhichsom · pronounsubject of heterThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
heteris calledheta · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on vikTiskenTiskenTisken · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of heterA lake near Falun.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with hetergruntshallowgrunt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of harorentimpureorent · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with gruntvattenwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of harochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsumpigamarshysumpig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with vattenfulauglyful · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies strändersträndershoresstränd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with vattenbelamradeclutteredbelamra · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying hetermedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking skräpalltallall · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies möjligtmöjligtall sorts ofmöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies skräphalf the examples (ch01-p27, ch04-p30) use the fixed idiom 'allt möjligt' = 'all sorts of/everything', not the literal 'possible' sense used in the other two.
skräprubbishskräp · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of belamradeEast of the valley runs a beautiful ridge, which on its summit bears stately pine forest and lush birches, and has its whole slope clothed in leafy gardens.
Östereast ofÖster · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of gårPreposition/adverb 'east'; mistagged as noun.
omofom · prepositionpreposition marking dalendalenvalleydal · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Östergårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of höjdsträckningvackerbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies höjdsträckninghöjdsträckningridgehöjdsträckning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gårsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of bärThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking toppentoppentoptopp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bärbärbearsbä · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on höjdsträckninglemma is really bära ('to carry'); surface bär.
ståtligstatelyståtlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tallskogtallskogpine foresttallskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of bärochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsaftigalushsaftig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with bärbjörkarbirchesbjörka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of bärochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with björkarhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sluttningensluttningenthe slopesluttning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gårOnly surface is definite 'sluttningen'; examples translate it 'the slope'.
klädddressedklädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of gårmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking trädgårdarlummigaleafylummig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies trädgårdarträdgårdargardensträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kläddWest of the town there also runs a ridge.
VästerwestVäster · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of gåromifom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking stadenstadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Västergårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies gårenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of åsåsridgeås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gårAt its very top it is overgrown with meager conifer forest, and the whole slope is bare, naked, without trees or grass, like a veritable desert.
Högstat the very topHögst · adverbmodifies uppeuppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies bevuxenärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to bevuxendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bevuxenbevuxenovergrownbevuxen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking barrskogfattigpoorfattig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies barrskogbarrskogconifer forestbarrskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bevuxenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sluttningensluttningenthe slopesluttning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kalOnly surface is definite 'sluttningen'; examples translate it 'the slope'.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to kalkalbarekal · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with bevuxenAdjective kal ('bare/barren'); tagged as noun.
nakenbarenaken · pronoun, common gender, singularcoordinated with bevuxenutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
trädtreesträd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with nakenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgräsgrassgräs · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with trädsomlikesom · pronounintroduces the clause of ökenThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ökenriktigrealriktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ökenökendesertök · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to bevuxenThe only thing that covers the ground is large, round boulders lying strewn across it.
Detaen · determiner, neuter, singularsubject of storaendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativepart of the phrase Detsomthatsom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of skylerskylercoversskyl · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralrelative clause on Detmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skylerärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to storastorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraserundaroundrund · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stenblockstenblockbouldersstenblock · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with storasomthatsom · pronounsubject of liggaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
liggato lieligga · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on stenblockutströddastrewnutströdda · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of liggaöveracrossöver · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of ligga- 3
Falun town, which lies in the valley hollow on both sides of the stream, looks as though it had been fitted to the ground it is built on.
FaluFalun'sFalu · proper noun, genitivepossessor of stadGenitive/attributive form of the town name Falun, as in "Falu stad" = Falun town.
stadtownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sersomwhichsom · pronounsubject of liggerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
liggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on stadiini · prepositionpreposition marking sidordalsänkanvalley hollowdalsänka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase ipåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sidorömseeitherömse · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sidorUsed in 'på ömse sidor' = 'on either side'.
sidorsidessida · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of liggeromaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking ånånthe riverån · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of liggerMistagged as a proper noun; ån is simply the definite form of å ("river").
serseesse · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceutlookut · adverbdepends on sersomassom · pronounsubject of blivitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivitdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · auxiliary verb, active, supineadverbial clause on seranpassadfittedanpassad · verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominativecomplement of bliviteftertoefter · prepositionpreposition marking markdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of markmarkgroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of anpassadsomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of restThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of restärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to restrestbuiltrest · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on markPast participle of resa in the sense 'to raise/erect (a building)'.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking som On the green side of the valley stand all the buildings that have a neat or stately appearance.
Påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sidandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sidangrönagreengrön · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sidansidansidesida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of finnasavofav · prepositionpreposition marking dalendalenvalleydal · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sidanfinnasto existfinnas · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of byggnaderdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of byggnaderSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
byggnaderbuildingsbyggnad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive finnassomthatsom · pronounsubject of haThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hato haveha · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on byggnaderettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of utseendeprydligtneatprydlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies utseendeelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationståtligtmagnificentlyståtlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with prydligtutseendeappearanceutseende · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of haThere stand the two churches, the town hall, the county governor's residence, the mining office, the banks, the hotels, the many schoolhouses, the hospital, all the handsome villas and dwelling houses.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies liggaliggato lieligga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of kyrkornaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
tvåtwotvå · numeral, nominativequantifies kyrkornakyrkornachurcheskyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of liggarådhusettown hallrådhus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with kyrkornalandshövdingensgovernor'slandshövding · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of bostadbostaddwellingbostad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with kyrkornabergslagskontoretthe mining officebergslagskontor · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with kyrkornabankhusenthe bank buildingsbankhumes · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with kyrkornahotellenhotelshotell · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with kyrkornadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of skolhusenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
mångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies skolhusenskolhusenschoolhousesskolhus · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to kyrkornasjukhusethospitalsjukhus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularin apposition to skolhusenallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of villorvackrabeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies villorvillorvillasvilla · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with skolhusenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationboningshusdwelling housesboningshus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with villorOn the black side, by contrast, street after street is lined with small red-painted one-story houses, long dreary fences, and great heavy factory buildings.
Påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sidandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sidansvartablacksvart · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sidansidansidesida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stååteragainåter · adverbmodifies ståståstandstå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencegatastreetgata · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ståuppupupp · adverbmodifies gataochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgatastreetgata · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with uppnerdownner · adverbcomplement of ståsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies envåningshusrödfärgadered-paintedrödfärgad · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies envåningshusenvåningshusone-story housesenvåningshus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of nerlångalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with envåningshusödsligadesolateödslig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies plankplankfencesplank · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with envåningshusochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with envåningshustungaheavytung · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fabriksbyggnaderfabriksbyggnaderfactory buildingsfabriksbyggnad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with envåningshusAnd beyond the streets, in the midst of the great stone desert, lies the Falun mine with its mine-engines and hoists and pump works, with ancient buildings leaning on the undermined ground, with black, steep slag heaps and long rows of roasting furnaces.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbortombeyondbortom · prepositionpreposition marking gatornagatornastreetsgata · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of liggermittin the middlemitt · adverbmodifies gatornaiini · prepositionpreposition marking stenöknendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stenöknenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies stenöknenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
stenöknenstone desertstenökn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of gatornaliggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceFaluFalunFalu · proper noun, nominativequantifies gruvagruvaminegruva · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of liggermedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking gruvkonstergruvkonstermine-enginesgruvkonster · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies gruvaGruvkonster is an older mining term for water- and ore-lifting machinery.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhissarhoistshiss · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with gruvaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpumpverkpump workspumpverk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with hissarmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking byggnaderålderdomligaold-fashionedålderdomlig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies byggnaderbyggnaderbuildingsbyggnad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of liggersomthatsom · pronounsubject of ståThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ståstandstå · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on byggnaderlutandeleaninglutande · adjective, nominativecomplement of liggerpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking markendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of markenundergrävdaunderminedundergrävd · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of liggermedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking slaggbergsvartablacksvart · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies slaggbergbrantasteepbrant · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies slaggbergslaggbergslag heapsslaggberg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of liggerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlångalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies raderraderrowsrad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with slaggbergavofav · prepositionpreposition marking rostugnarrostugnarroasting furnacesrostugn · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies rader- 4
As for Bataki, he never used to cast a glance at the eastern part of town, nor at the lovely lake Varpan.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of angårBatakiBatakiBataki · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of angårangåras forangå · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on brukadebrukadeused tobruka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brukadealdrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies kastakastato throwkasta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of brukadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of blickblickglanceblick · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kastaåtatåt · prepositionpreposition marking stadsdelendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stadsdelenöstraeasternöster · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies stadsdelenstadsdelenthe part of townstadsdel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies blickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies hellerhellereitherheller · adverbmodifies kastaåtatåt · prepositionpreposition marking Varpandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sjönvackrabeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies VarpanVarpanVarpanVarpan · proper noun, nominativedirect object of kasta But all the more did he like the western side and the little lake Tisken.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåallså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies mermermoremycket · adverbmodifies tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckteomlikeom · prepositionpreposition marking sidandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sidanvästrawesternvästra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sidansidansidesida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tyckteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of Tiskenlillalittleliten · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies Tiskensjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies TiskenTiskenTiskenTisken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sidanA lake near Falun.
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Bataki, the raven, loved everything that was mysterious, everything that gave cause for brooding and pondering and set thoughts in motion, and he found much of that on the town's black side.
BatakiBatakibataki · proper noun, nominativesubject of älskadekorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to Batakiälskadelovedälska · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceallteverythingall · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies älskadesomthatsom · pronounsubject of hemlighetsfulltThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to hemlighetsfullthemlighetsfulltmysterioushemlighetsfull · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of älskadealltallall · adverbadverbial clause on hemlighetsfulltsomthatsom · pronounsubject of gavThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
gavgavege · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on alltLight-verb idioms in the examples: "gav ... till ett klagoskrik" = let out a cry; "gav sig tid" = took the time — not literal "gave" in either case.
anledningreasonanledning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gavtillcause fortill · prepositionpreposition marking grubbelgrubbelbroodinggrubbel · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gavochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfunderingarponderingfunderingar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with grubbelochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gavpast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
tankarnathe thoughtstankarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of satteiini · prepositionpreposition marking rörelserörelsemovementrörelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of satteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies sådantsådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fannfannfoundfinna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with älskadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sidastadenscity'sstad · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of sidasvartablacksvart · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sidasidasidesida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fann It had thus been a great joy to him to try to puzzle out why the old red timber town had not burned down like all the other red timber towns in this country.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of glädjehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of glädjesålundathussålunda · adverbmodifies glädjevaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to glädjeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of glädjestorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies glädjeglädjejoyglädje · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of glädjeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sökainfinitive marker before a verb.
sökasearchsöka · verb, active, infinitivedepends on glädjegrubblato broodgrubbla · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of sökautoutut · adverbdepends on grubblavarförwhyvarför · adverbmodifies brunnitdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of trästadengamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies trästadenrödaredröd · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies trästadenträstadenthe timber townträstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brunnitintenotinte · particlemodifies brunnithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of brunnitbrunnitburnedbrunnit · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sökauppupupp · adverbdepends on brunnitsåsomassåsom · conjunctionpreposition marking trästäderallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of trästäderandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies trästäderrödaredröd · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies trästäderträstädertimber townsträstäd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of brunnitiini · prepositionpreposition marking landdettathisdenna · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies trästäderLikewise he had wondered how long the leaning houses at the edge of the mine could remain standing.
Likasålikewiselikaså · adverbmodifies undrathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of undrathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undratundratwonderedundra · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on bliöverhowöver · prepositionintroduces the clause of längehurhowhur · adverbmodifies längelängelonglänge · adverbmodifies undratdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of husenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
lutandeleaninglutande · adjective, nominativemodifies husenhusenhouseshus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of undratvidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking kantenkantenedgekant · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of undratavofav · prepositionpreposition marking gruvangruvanthe minegruvan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kantenskullecouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blikunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceståendestandingstående · adjective, nominativecomplement of bliHe had pondered the great Stöten, the immense opening in the ground in the middle of the mining field, and had flown down to its bottom to investigate how this vast void had come about.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of funderathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of funderatfunderatponderedfundera · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencepåaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking Stötendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of Stötenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies Stötenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
StötenStötenstöt · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of funderatdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of öppningenofantligaimmenseofantlig · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies öppningenöppningenopeningöppning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of funderatiini · prepositionpreposition marking jordenjordenearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies öppningenmittin the middlemitt · adverbmodifies funderatiini · prepositionpreposition marking gruvfältetgruvfältetmining fieldgruvfält · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies mittochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationflugitflownflugia · verb, active, supinecoordinated with funderatnerdownner · adverbmodifies flugittilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking bottendessitsden · pronounpossessor of bottench03-p50 example 'sedan dess' means 'since then', not possessive 'its' — pinning the gloss to 'its' teaches a lie for that collocation.
bottenbottombotten · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flugitförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of undersökaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of undersökainfinitive marker before a verb.
undersökato investigateundersöka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on flugithurhowhur · adverbmodifies uppkommitdettathisdenna · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of tomrumväldigaimmenseväldig · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies tomrumtomrumvoidtomrum · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of uppkommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of uppkommituppkommitarisenuppkomma · verb, active, supineclausal complement of undersökaHe had fallen into wonder over the steep heaps of slag that stood round about Stöten and the mine buildings and encircled them like walls.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fallithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fallitfallitfallenfalla · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking förundranförundranwonderförundran · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fallitöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking högardetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of högarSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
brantasteepbrant · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies högarhögarheapshög · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of fallitavofav · prepositionpreposition marking slaggslaggslagslagg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies högarsomthatsom · pronounsubject of stodoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
stodostoodstodo · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on slaggruntaroundrunt · adverbmodifies stodoomkringaroundomkring · adverbpreposition marking StötenStötenStötenStöten · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of stodoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgruvhusenthe mine buildingsgruvhuse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Stötenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomgärdadeencircledomgärda · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stododemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of omgärdadesomthatsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of murarmurarwallsmura · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcomplement of omgärdadeHe had tried to work out for himself what the little signal bell, which strikes a short, dismal-sounding toll at regular intervals the whole year round, might have to say, and first and last he had wondered what it could look like down under the ground, where the copper ore had been mined for many hundreds of years and the ground was as full of passages as an anthill.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sökthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of söktsöktsoughtsöka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceförklaraexplainförklara · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of söktförforför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of förklaravadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sägadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of signalklockanlillalittleliten · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies signalklockansignalklockanthe signal bellsignalklocka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägasomwhichsom · pronounsubject of slårThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
slårstrikesslå · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on signalklockanettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of kortkortshortkort · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies slårdystertdismallydyster · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies klämtslagljudandesoundingljudande · adjective, nominativemodifies klämtslagklämtslagtollklämtslag · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of slårmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking mellanrumjämnaeven/leveljämn · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies mellanrummellanrumintervalsmellanrum · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of slårhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies åretåretyearår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of slårruntaroundrunt · adverbmodifies årethadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sägainfinitive marker before a verb.
sägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on förklaraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförstfirstförst · adverbmodifies hadeochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase förstsistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase försthadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of undrathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undratundratwonderedundra · verb, active, supinecoordinated with sökthurhowhur · adverbmodifies sedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of undratutlookut · adverbdepends on seneredownnere · adverbmodifies seunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking jordenjordenearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of neredärtheredär · adverbmodifies brutitskopparmalmenthe copper orekopparmalm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive brutitshadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of brutitsbrutitshad been minedbrutia · verb, passive, supinerelative clause on jordenifori · prepositionpreposition marking årmångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hundrahundrahundredhundra · numeral, nominativequantifies åråryearsår · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of brutitsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fullvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to fullsåasså · adverbmodifies fullfullfullfull · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with brutitsavofav · prepositionpreposition marking gångargångartimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of fullsomassom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking myrstackenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of myrstackmyrstackanthillmyrstack · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fullWhen Bataki had finally managed to get a fairly good grasp of all this, he floated off to the dreadful stone desert to think over why no grass grew among the boulders, or else he made his way down to Tisken.
Närwhennär · adverbmodifies lyckatsFunctions as a subordinating conjunction, not an adverb.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lyckatsäntligenfinallyäntligen · adverbmodifies lyckatshadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lyckatslyckatssucceededlycka · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on svävadeImpersonal 'lyckats' from 'lyckas' (to succeed); lemma should be 'lyckas'.
BatakiBatakibataki · proper noun, nominativedirect object of lyckatsatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fåmake sense offå · verb, active, infinitivedepends on lyckatsnågorlundafairly wellnågorlunda · adverbmodifies godgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of fåredafind outreda · adverbdepends on fåpart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking dettaalltallall · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of fåsvävadehoveredsväva · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svävadebortawaybort · adverbmodifies svävadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking stenöknendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stenöknenhemskadreadfulhemsk · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies stenöknenstenöknenstone desertstenökn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of svävadeförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of tänkaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tänkainfinitive marker before a verb.
tänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on svävadeefterafterefter · prepositionintroduces the clause of växtevarförwhyvarför · adverbmodifies växtedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with växteintenotinte · particlemodifies växteväxtegrewväxa · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tänkagräsgrassgräs · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of växtemellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking stenblockenstenblockenbouldersstenblock · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of växteelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies begavbegavset offbegav · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with svävadeReflexive 'begav sig' = 'made his/her way, set off'; lemma should be 'begiva'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of begavsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of begavnerdownner · adverbmodifies begavtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking TiskenTiskenTiskenTisken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nerA lake near Falun.
This lake he considered the strangest he had ever come across.
Dennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sjösjölakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ansågansågconsideredanse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ansågförasför · prepositionpreposition marking underbarastedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of underbarasteunderbarastestrangestunderbaraste · adjective, nominative, superlativeoblique complement of ansågsomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of råkatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkatnågonsinevernågonsin · adverbmodifies råkathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkatråkatcome uponråka · verb, active, supinerelative clause on underbarastepåacrosspå · prepositionpreposition marking somHow could it be that it was entirely without fish, and that its water sometimes, when stirred up by a storm, turned quite red?
Hurhowhur · adverbmodifies kommakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kommaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fiskdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of fiskvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to fiskalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies fiskutanwithoututan · prepositionpreposition marking fiskfiskfishfisk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to kommaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of upprörtdessitsden · pronounpossessor of vattench03-p50 example 'sedan dess' means 'since then', not possessive 'its' — pinning the gloss to 'its' teaches a lie for that collocation.
vattenwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase attiblandsometimesibland · adverbmodifies vattennärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of upprörtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of upprörtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to upprörtupprörtstirred upupprörd · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with kommaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking stormstormstormstorm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularagent of upprörtblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kommaalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies röttröttredrött · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of blevIt was all the more peculiar since a large mine stream, which flowed out into the lake, had gleaming, clear-yellow water.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of besynnerligarevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to besynnerligaresåallså · adverbmodifies besynnerligaremycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies besynnerligarebesynnerligaremore peculiarbesynnerlig · adjective, nominative, comparativehead of the phrasesomsincesom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of hadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gruvbäckstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gruvbäckgruvbäckmine streamgruvbäck · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadesomwhichsom · pronounsubject of föllThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
föllfellföll · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on gruvbäckutoutut · adverbdepends on fölliintoi · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of föllhadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with besynnerligareblänkandeglitteringblänkande · adjective, nominativedirect object of hadeklargultclear yellowklargult · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vattenvattenwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with blänkandeHe wondered at the ruins of destroyed buildings that lay remaining on the shore, and at the little place called Tisksågen, which lay there surrounded by green garden plots and shaded by trees, between the desolate stone desert and the strange lake.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undradeundradewonderedundra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking spillrornaspillrornathe ruinsspillrorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of undradeefterofefter · prepositionpreposition marking byggnaderförstördadestroyedförstörd · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies byggnaderbyggnaderbuildingsbyggnad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of undradesomwhichsom · conjunctionsubject of lågolågolaylågo · verb, active, supinein apposition to byggnaderHistorical plural past-tense form of 'ligga' (to lie).
kvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on lågopåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking strandenstrandenshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpåatpå · prepositionpart of the phrase ochdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ställetlillalittleliten · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies ställetställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase påTisksågenTisksågenTisksågen · proper noun, nominativehead of the phrasesomwhichsom · pronounsubject of liggaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of liggaliggato lieligga · verb, active, infinitivedepends on Tisksågendärtheredär · adverbmodifies liggaomgivetsurroundedomgive · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of liggaavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking trädgårdslandgrönagreengrön · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies trädgårdslandträdgårdslandgarden plotsträdgårdsland · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies omgivetochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationöverskuggatshadedöverskugga · verb, active, supinecoordinated with omgivetavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking trädträdtreesträd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of överskuggatmellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking stenöknendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stenöknenödedesolateöde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies stenöknenöde is both a neuter noun 'fate' and an unrelated adjective 'deserted/desolate'; some examples use the adjective.
stenöknenstone desertstenökn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies trädochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sjönbesynnerligastrangebesynnerlig · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with stenöknen- 6
That year, when Nils Holgersson traveled with the wild geese through the land, there still stood on the shore of Tisken, some way outside the town, an old house called Svavelkoket, because sulfur was prepared there a couple of months every other year.
Detaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of åretåretyearår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasedåwhendå · subordinating conjunctionmodifies stodNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativepart of the phrase dåHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilsfortraveledfor · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of dåattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
genomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies vildgässenstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on åretännustillännu · adverbmodifies stodpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking strandenstrandenshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodavofav · prepositionpreposition marking TiskenTiskenTiskenTisken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies strandenA lake near Falun.
ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of styckestyckepiecestycke · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with stodutanföroutsideutanför · prepositionpreposition marking stadenstadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies styckeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of husgammaltoldgammal · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hushushousehus · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of stodsomthatsom · pronounsubject of passive kalladesThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kalladeswas calledkallaa · verb, past, indicative, passiverelative clause on husSurface kallades, passive past of kalla, 'to call/name'.
SvavelkoketSvavelkoketSvavelkoket · pronoun, neuter, singularcomplement of kalladesdärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of bereddesattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därfördärtheredär · adverbmodifies bereddesbereddeswas preparedberedda · verb, past, indicative, passiveadverbial clause on kalladessvavelsulfursvavel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive bereddesettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies månadermånadermonthsmånad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of bereddesvartannatevery othervartanna · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies åråryearår · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of bereddes It was an old wreck of a building, which had once been red but had gradually turned brownish gray.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ruckelvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ruckelettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ruckelgammaltoldgammal · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ruckelruckelramshackle buildingruckel · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesomwhichsom · pronounsubject of röttThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of röttvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to röttröttredrött · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on ruckelmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågraduallyså · adverbmodifies blivitsmåningomgraduallysmåningom · adverbpart of the phrase såUsed in the fixed phrase så småningom 'little by little.'
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · auxiliary verb, active, supinecoordinated with röttbrungråttbrownish graybrungrå · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of blivitIt had no windows, only a row of openings, which were shut with black shutters, and it stood almost always very firmly barred up.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceingano/noneingen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fönsterfönsterwindowsfönster · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hadeutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
barajustbara · adverbmodifies gluggarenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of radradrowrad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gluggargluggaropeningsglugg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with hadesomwhichsom · pronounsubject of voroThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
vorowerevoro · verb, imperative, activerelative clause on gluggarOld plural past tense of vara ('to be'), mistagged here as imperative.
stängdashutstängda · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies luckormedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking luckorsvartablacksvart · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies luckorluckorshutterslucka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcomplement of voroochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hadenästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies tillbommatalltidalwaysalltid · adverbpart of the phrase nästanmycketverymycket · adverbmodifies tillbommatvälfirmlyväl · adverbpart of the phrase myckettillbommatbarred uptillbomma · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcomplement of stodInto this house Bataki had never been able to cast a glance, and that aroused his curiosity more than anything else.
Ininin · adverbmodifies husiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking husdettathisdenna · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of hushushousehus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kastahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kastaBatakiBatakibataki · proper noun, nominativesubject of kastaaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies kastakunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of kastakastato throwkasta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of blickblickglanceblick · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kastaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of väckteväcktearousedväckte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kastadärförthereforedärför · adverbmodifies väcktehanshishan · pronounpossessor of undranundrancuriosityundran · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väcktemermoremycket · adverbmodifies annatänthanän · prepositionpart of the phrase mernågotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singularpart of the phrase merannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on väckteHe hopped about on the roof to find a hole, and he often sat on the tall chimney and peered down through the narrow opening.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hoppadehoppadejumpedhoppa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies hoppadepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking takettaketrooftak · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hoppadeförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of finnaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of finnainfinitive marker before a verb.
finnafindfinna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hoppadeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of hålhålholehål · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of finnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hoppadeoftaoftenofta · adverbmodifies sattpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking skorstenendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skorstenenhögahighhög · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies skorstenenskorstenenchimneyskorsten · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkikadepeeredkika · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattnerdownner · adverbmodifies kikadegenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking öppningendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of öppningentrånganarrowtrång · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies öppningenAlso 'cramped' when describing enclosed space rather than a passage.
öppningenopeningöppning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kikade- 7
One day Bataki fared very badly indeed.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkaderåkadefaredråka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceBatakiBatakibataki · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of råkadeName of the raven Bataki; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a common noun.
mycketverymycket · adverbmodifies illaillabadlyilla · adjective, nominativecomplement of råkadeutfareut · adverbdepends on råkade There had been a strong wind.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of blåsthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blåstvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to blåststarkstrongstark · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies blåstblåstwindblåsa · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceAll four examples use 'blåst' as the noun meaning 'wind/gale' (efter all blåst, med blåst och duggregn, storm och blåst, samma blåst och köld), not as the supine of the verb blåsa ('has blown'); the type record conflates the homograph. Default gloss corrected to the attested noun sense.
A shutter on the old Svavelkoket had been blown open, and Bataki had taken the chance to fly in through the opening to see inside the building.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gluggluckagluggluckashutterglugglucka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive kastatspåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking Svavelkoketdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of Svavelkoketgamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies SvavelkoketSvavelkoketSvavelkoketsvavelkok · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kastatsA place-name for the old sulphur-processing works at Falun.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kastatskastatswas blown openkasta · verb, passive, supinemain verb of the sentenceuppupupp · adverbdepends on kastatsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationBatakiBatakibataki · proper noun, nominativesubject of passathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of passatpassattaken the chance topassa · verb, active, supinecoordinated with kastatspåtook the chancepå · prepositiondepends on passatatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of flygainfinitive marker before a verb.
flygaflyflyga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on passatininin · adverbdepends on flygagenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking gluggengluggenopeningglugg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flygaförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of seatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on flygaininin · adverbdepends on seiinsidei · prepositionpreposition marking byggnadenbyggnadenbuildingbyggnad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of seBut scarcely had he gotten in when the shutter slammed shut behind him, and Bataki was shut in.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationknappthardlyknappt · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · adverbhead of the phraseThis is the past tense "var" of vara ("to be"), not an adverb; the parser mistagged it.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varinkommengotten ininkomm · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase varförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies slogused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
luckanhatchlucka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slogslogslammed shutslå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with varLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
igenagainigen · adverbdepends on slogbakombehindbakom · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slogochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationBatakiBatakibataki · proper noun, nominativesubject of instängdvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to instängdinstängdshut ininstängd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with varHe waited for the wind to blow the shutter open again, but it did not seem to intend to do anything of the kind.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väntadeväntadewaitedvänta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kastavindenwindvind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kastavind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form.
skullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kastakastato throwkasta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on väntadeuppupupp · adverbdepends on kastaluckanhatchlucka · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kastapåagainpå · prepositionpreposition marking nyttnyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kastamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tycktestycktesseemedtycktes · verb, past, indicativecoordinated with kastadenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of tycktesallsat allalls · adverbmodifies göraintenotinte · particlemodifies göraämnato intendämna · verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of göragöradogöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tycktes- 8
Quite a lot of daylight fell into the building through cracks in the walls, and Bataki at least had the joy of being able to find out what it looked like in there.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with föllföllfellföll · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencerättquiterätt · adverbmodifies mycketmycketa lot ofmycket · adverbmodifies dagerdagerdaylightdager · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of föllininin · adverbmodifies dageriintoi · prepositionpreposition marking byggnadenbyggnadenbuildingbyggnad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ingenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking springorspringorcracksspringa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of fölliini · prepositionpreposition marking väggarnaväggarnawallsvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies springorochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationBatakiBatakibataki · proper noun, nominativesubject of hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to föllåtminstoneat leaståtminstone · adverbmodifies glädjendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of glädjenglädjenjoyglädje · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
kunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of fåfåfind outfå · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying glädjenredafind outreda · adverbdepends on fåpart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påoutpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of såghurhowhur · adverbmodifies sågdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fåpast tense of se, 'to see.'
utlookut · adverbdepends on sågdärinnein theredärinne · adverbmodifies såg There was nothing but a large furnace with a couple of built-in kettles, and he was soon satisfied with the sight of that.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
ingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies fannsänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase annatenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ugnstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ugnugnfurnaceugn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannsmedwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of inmuradeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies inmuradeinmuradebuilt-ininmura · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on ugngrytorkettlesgrytor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of inmuradeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fannspast tense of se, 'to see.'
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sågsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies nöjdnöjdpleasednöjd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of sågpåwithpå · prepositionpreposition marking sågBut when he wanted out again, it turned out that it was still impossible.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of villehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villevillewantedvilja · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on visadeutoutut · adverbdepends on villeigenagainigen · adverbmodifies villevisadeshowedvisa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of visadesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of visadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of omöjligtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with omöjligtalltjämtstillalltjämt · adverbmodifies omöjligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to omöjligtomöjligtimpossibleomöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of visadeThe wind refused to blow the shutter open.
Vindenwindvind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kastavind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form.
villewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kastaintenotinte · particlemodifies kastakastato throwkasta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceuppupupp · adverbdepends on kastaluckanhatchlucka · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kastaNot a single opening or door stood open.
Ingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gluggendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativemodifies glugggluggopeningglugg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdörrdoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with gluggstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceöppenopenöppen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of stodThe raven simply found himself in a prison.
Korpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of befannbefannwasbefann · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencereflexive befinna sig = 'to be located'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of befannheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies enkeltenkeltsimplyenkel · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of befanniini · prepositionpreposition marking fängelseettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of fängelsefängelseprisonfängelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of befann- 9
Bataki began to scream for help and kept it up the whole day.
BatakiBatakibataki · proper noun, nominativesubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceskrikascreamskrika · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadepåforpå · prepositionpreposition marking hjälphjälphelphjälp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skrikaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhöllkept it uphålla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with skrikaiat iti · prepositiondepends on hölldärmedwith thatdärmed · adverbmodifies höllhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of höll There are scarcely any animals as persistent at making a racket as ravens, and it soon became known far and wide that he had fallen into captivity.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsfinnsthere arefinnas · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentencevälprobablyväl · adverbmodifies finnsknappthardlyknappt · adverbmodifies finnsnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of djurdjuranimalsdjur · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of finnssomthatsom · pronounsubject of ihärdigaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
äroareäro · verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to ihärdigaArchaic plural present of vara; modern Swedish uses är.
såasså · adverbmodifies ihärdigaihärdigapersistentihärdig · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on djuratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förainfinitive marker before a verb.
föramake a racketföra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on ihärdigaoväsenracketoväse · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of förasomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of korparkorparravenskorpa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcomplement of föraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with finnssnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies blevbekantknownbekant · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on blev'Bekant' can mean 'well-known' or 'acquainted (with)'.
vidawidelyvida · adjective, nominative, singularcomplement of blevomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies blevattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of råkathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkatråkatfallen intoråka · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on bleviintoi · prepositionpreposition marking fångenskapfångenskapcaptivityfångenskap · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of råkatThe gray-striped cat from Tisksågen was the first to learn of the mishap.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kattengråstrimmigagray-stripedgråstrimmig · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies kattenkattencatkatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstafrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking TisksågenTisksågenTisksågenTisksågen · proper noun, nominativemodifies kattenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to förstadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of förstaförstafirsten · adjective, nominativehead of the phrasesurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
somthatsom · pronounsubject of fickThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ficklearnedfå · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on förstaredafind outreda · adverbdepends on fickpart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påofpå · prepositionpreposition marking olyckanolyckanmisfortuneolycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fickHe told the hens about it, and they cried it out to passing birds.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of taladetaladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking dendenaen · determiner, common gender, singularoblique complement of taladeförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking hönsenhönsenthe henshöns · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of denochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ropaderopadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with taladeutoutut · adverbdepends on ropadedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of uttilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking fåglarförbiflygandepassingförbiflygande · adjective, nominativemodifies fåglarfåglarbirdsfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of ropadeSoon it was known to all the jackdaws and pigeons and crows and sparrows of Falun.
Snartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of varkändknownkänd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying denavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking kajorallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of stadsFaluFalun'sFalu · proper noun, genitivequantifies stadsGenitive/attributive form of the town name Falun, as in "Falu stad" = Falun town.
stadscity'sstad · noun, genitive, common gender, pluralpossessor of kajorkajorjackdawskaja · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralagent of kändochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationduvorpigeonsduva · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with kajorochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkråkorcrowskråka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with duvorochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsparvarsparrowssparvar · verb, active, supinecoordinated with denThey flew straight off to the old Svavelkoket to find out more about the matter.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of flögoflögoflewflögo · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense.
genastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies flögobortawaybort · adverbmodifies flögotilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking Svavelkoketdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of Svavelkoketgamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies SvavelkoketSvavelkoketSvavelkoketsvavelkok · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of flögoA place-name for the old sulphur-processing works at Falun.
förtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of taatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tainfinitive marker before a verb.
tato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying Svavelkoketnärmaremorenära · adverbmodifies taType lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära.
redafind outreda · adverbdepends on tapart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking sakensakenthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of taThey felt very great pity for the raven, but none of them could think of any way to help him.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kändekändefeltkäna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemycketverymycket · adverbmodifies stortstortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies medlidandemedlidandepitymedlidande · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kändemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking korpenkorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kändemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of hittaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies ingenkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hittahittathink ofhitta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kändepåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättnågotanynågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hittaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hjälpainfinitive marker before a verb.
hjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying sätthonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälpa- 10
All of a sudden Bataki called out to them in his sharp, gruff voice: "Quiet, all of you out there, and listen to me!
HeltcompletelyHelt · adverbmodifies plötsligtplötsligtsuddenlyplötslig · adverbmodifies ropaderopadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceBatakiBatakibataki · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of ropadeName of the raven Bataki; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a common noun.
tillto themtill · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of ropademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking röstsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of röstskarpasharpskarep · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies röstLemma is a variant spelling of 'skarp', sharp.
vresigagruffvresig · adjective, nominative, singularcoordinated with skarparöstvoiceröst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ropadeTystquietTyst · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Tystsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
däruteout theredärute · adverbmodifies Tystochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhörhearshöra · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with Tystpåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hör Since you say you'd gladly help me, then go out and find the old wild goose Akka from Kebnekaise and her flock!
Eftersomsinceeftersom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sägerniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägersecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
sägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on farattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hjälpaniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hjälpasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
gärnagladlygärna · adverbmodifies hjälpaType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
villwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hjälpahjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of sägermigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälpasåthenså · adverbmodifies farfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseutoutut · adverbdepends on farochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtato taketa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with farredafind outreda · adverbdepends on tapart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påfindpå · prepositionpreposition marking Akkadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vildgåsengamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies vildgåsenvildgåsenwild goosevildgås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies AkkaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of farproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
frånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking KebnekajseKebnekajseKebnekaiseKebnekajse · proper noun, nominativemodifies Akkaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhennesherhon · pronounpossessor of flockpossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
flockflockflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with KebnekajseI think they ought to be in Dalarna at this time of year.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckertyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of finnasdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of finnasbordeought toböra · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of finnasBare borde is simple past modal ("ought to"/"should"); the perfect sense ("ought to have") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth ("borde släppa taget") has no ha and translates as plain "ought to."
finnasto existfinnas · verb, infinitiveclausal complement of tyckeriini · prepositionpreposition marking DalarnaDalarnaDalarnaDal · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of finnasThe province Dalarna.
denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidenhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase dentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Dalarnapåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking åretåretyearår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies tidenTell Akka how things stand with me!
Talatelltala · nounhead of the phraseomtellom · prepositionpreposition marking Talaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking AkkaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativemodifies Talaproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
hurhowhur · adverbmodifies stårdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on Talatillweretill · prepositiondepends on stårmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stårI believe she brings with her the one person who can help me."
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hjälpahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hjälpaförbringsför · prepositionlinks the coordinationmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativepart of the phrase fördenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of endeendeonlyende · adjective, nominativepreposition marking försomwhosom · pronounsubject of hjälpaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hjälpahjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of trormigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälpa- 11
Agar the carrier pigeon, who was the best messenger in the whole land, met the wild goose flock over on the bank of the Dal River, and when dusk fell, she and Akka came flying and landed in front of Svavelkoket.
AgarAgarAg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraseProper name of the carrier pigeon; not a plural common noun.
sändeduvacarrier pigeonsändeduva · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of Agarsomwhosom · pronounsubject of budbärarenThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to budbärarendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of budbärarenbästabestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies budbärarenbudbärarenthe messengerbudbärare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on sändeduvaiini · prepositionpreposition marking landethelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies budbärarenträffademetträffa · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Agarvildgåsflockenflock of wild geesevildgåsflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of träffadebortaover onborta · adverbmodifies träffadepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking DalälvstrandenDalälvstrandenthe Dalälven bankDalälvstranden · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of träffadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking inbrötskymningenduskskymning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies inbrötinbrötfellinbröt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on kommokommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with Agarkommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kommoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with honproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
farandetravelingfarande · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kommoPresent participle 'flying/traveling', used adverbially with verbs of motion.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslogolandedslogoa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kommonerdownner · adverbdepends on slogoframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking SvavelkoketSvavelkoketSvavelkoketSvavelkoket · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of slogo Thumbietot sat on Akka's back, but the other traveling companions they had left on an islet in Runn, because Akka thought they would have done more harm than good if they had come along to Falun.
TummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativesubject of sattthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
sattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåonpå · prepositiondepends on sattAkkasAkka'sAkka · noun, genitive, neuter, singularpossessor of ryggryggbackrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of reskamraternaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies reskamraternareskamraternatraveling companionsreskamrat · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of lämnathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lämnatdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of lämnatlämnatleftlämna · verb, active, supinecoordinated with sattpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking holmeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of holmeholmeisletholme · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lämnatiini · prepositionpreposition marking RunnRunnRunnRunn · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of lämnatLake name.
därförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of ansågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ansågAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of ansågproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
ansågconsideredanse · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on lämnatattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gjortdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gjortskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjorthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of gjortgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supineclausal complement of ansågmermoremycket · adverbmodifies skadaskadaharmskada · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gjortänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gagngagngoodgagn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularclause modifying skadaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommitdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinecoordinated with sattmedwithmed · prepositiondepends on kommittilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking FalunFalunFalunFalun · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of kommitmining town, capital of Dalarna.
- 12
When Akka had consulted with Bataki a little, she took Thumbietot on her back and flew off to a farm that lay right near Svavelkoket.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of rådförtAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of rådförtproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of rådförtrådförtconsultedrådföra · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on togsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of rådförtenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of smulasmulabitsmula · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of rådförtmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking BatakiBatakiBatakibataki · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of rådförttogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of togTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativedirect object of togthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking ryggenryggenbackrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of togochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationforwentfor · adverbmodifies bortMistagged as adverb; this is the past tense of the verb 'fara', meaning 'went/traveled'.
bortawaybort · adverbcoordinated with togtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking gårdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gårdgårdfarmgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bortsomthatsom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
låglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on gårdalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies iiini · prepositionpreposition marking Svavelkoketnärhetenvicinitynärhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iavofav · prepositionpart of the phrase iSvavelkoketSvavelkoketSvavelkoket · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of låg She flew slowly over the garden and the birch groves that surrounded the little place, all the while both she and the boy stared down at the ground.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of saktaforflewfor · prepositionpreposition marking saktaPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
saktaslowlysakta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesakta doubles as the adverb 'slowly' (flög sakta) and the verb 'to slacken' (sakta farten).
framforwardfram · adverbmodifies saktaöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking trädgårdenträdgårdengardenträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of framochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbjörkhagarnathe birch grovesbjörkhagarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with trädgårdensomthatsom · pronounsubject of omgåvoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omgåvosurroundedomgåvo · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on björkhagarnaHistorical plural past form of omge, despite the present-tense label.
detaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ställetlillalittleliten · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies ställetställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of saktaalltallall · adverbmodifies honunderall the whileunder · prepositionpreposition marking hondetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase underattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase underbådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of saktaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stirradestirradestaredstirra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with honneråtdownwardneråt · adverbmodifies stirrademarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of stirradeIt was clear that children lived here who played outdoors, and it wasn't long before they found what they needed.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with märktesmärkteswas evidentmärktes · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dröjdehärherehär · adverbmodifies funnosfunnosthere werefunnos · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies barnbarnchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralpart of the phrase attsomwhosom · pronounsubject of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on barnsinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of lekarlekargameslek · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hadeutomhusoutdoorsutomhus · adverbmodifies hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of dröjdedröjdewas long in comingdröj · verb, past, indicative, activeclause modifying märktesIdiomatic: "det dröjde inte länge" = "it was not long before."
intenotinte · particlemodifies dröjdelängelonglänge · adverbmodifies dröjdeförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies hittadeused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hittadehittadefoundhitta · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on märktesvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of behövdedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of behövdebehövdeneededbehöva · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of hittadeIn a small cheerful spring brook a row of little toy hammer-mills clattered, and nearby the boy found a chisel.
Iini · prepositionpreposition marking vårbäckenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vårbäcklitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vårbäckgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vårbäckvårbäckspring brookvårbäck · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of slamradeslamradeclatteredslamra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of radradrowrad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slamradeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking hammarverksmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hammarverkhammarverkhammer-millshammarverk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies radochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärtheredär · adverbmodifies fanniini · prepositionmodifies fannnärhetenvicinitynärhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase ifannfoundfann · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with slamradepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of stämjärnstämjärnchiselstämjärn · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fannOn a pair of trestles lay a half-finished canoe, and beside it he found a small bundle of sailmaker's twine.
Påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking parettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies bockarbockartrestlesbocka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencelåglayligga · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bockarmistagged as adjective; the surface 'låg' here is the past tense of ligga 'to lie', not the unrelated adjective låg 'low'.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kanothalvfärdighalf-finishedhalvfärdig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kanotkanota canoekanot · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of bockarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbredvidnearbybredvid · adverbmodifies hittadedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of hittadehittadefoundhitta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with bockarhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hittadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of buntlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies buntbuntbundlebunt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies segelgarnsegelgarnsailmaker's twinesegelgarn · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hittade- 13
With this they flew back to Svavelkoket.
Medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking forodettathisdenna · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of foroforowentforo · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of deMistagged as a noun; foro is the plural past tense of fara ("went/traveled").
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasetillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies detilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking SvavelkoketSvavelkoketSvavelkoketSvavelkoket · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of de The boy fastened the twine around the chimney, let it down into the deep hole, and hauled himself down it.
Pojkenthe boyPojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fästefästefastenedfäste · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesnöretthe cordsnör · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fästekringaroundkring · prepositionpreposition marking skorstenenskorstenenchimneyskorsten · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies snöretsläpptereleasedsläppte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fästenerdownner · adverbdepends on släpptedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of släppteiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking håletdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of håletdjupadeepdjup · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies hålethåletholehål · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of släppteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhaladehauledhala · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with släpptesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of haladeutfördownutföra · verb, present, indicative, activecomplement of haladeFunctions here as the adverb/preposition "down" (utför trappan/kullen), not the unrelated verb utföra ("to perform").
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of utförAfter he had greeted Bataki, who thanked him with many fine words for having come, he began to chop a hole in the wall with the chisel.
Sedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on börjadehälsatgreetedhälsa · adverbdirect object of hadeMistagged as adverb; it is the supine of the verb 'hälsa' (to greet/visit).
pågreetedpå · prepositionpreposition marking BatakiBatakiBatakibataki · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of hadesomwhosom · pronounsubject of tackadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ordmångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ordvackrabeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ordordwordsord · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of tackadetackadethankedtacka · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Batakihonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of tackadeförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of kommitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase förhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on tackadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of huggainfinitive marker before a verb.
huggato chophugga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on börjadeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of hålhålholehål · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of huggaiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking väggenväggenwallvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of huggamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking stämjärnetstämjärnetchiselstämjärn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies väggen- 14
Svavelkoket had no thick walls, but with every stroke the boy only loosened a chip so small and thin that a rat could just as well have gnawed it off with its front teeth.
SvavelkoketSvavelkoketsvavelkoket · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceingano/noneingen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of väggartjockathicktjock · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies väggarväggarwallsvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickloosenedfå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking huggvarjeeveryvarje · determiner, singulardeterminer of hugghuggstrokehugg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of lösbarajustbara · adverbmodifies löslöslooselös · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of fickenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of spånspånchipspån · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lössåsoså · adverbmodifies litenlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on lösochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtunnthintunn · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with litenattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gnagaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of råttaråttaratråtta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gnagalikaequallylika · adverbmodifies välvälwellväl · adverbmodifies gnagahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gnagakunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of gnagagnagagnawgnaga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with löslossoffloss · adverbcomplement of gnagadenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of lossmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking framtändersinaitssig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of framtänderframtänderfront teethframtänd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of loss It was clear that he would be forced to work the whole night and perhaps longer still, before he got a hole big enough for the raven to squeeze through.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with tydligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tydligttydligtcleartydlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of nödgashanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive nödgasskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of nödgasnödgasto be forcednödga · verb, passive, infinitivedepends on tydligtarbetaworkarbeta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of nödgashelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies nattennattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of arbetaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies längrelängrelongerlänge · adverbmodifies ändåändåstilländå · adverbcoordinated with nödgasinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fickhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickgotfå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on nödgasettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of hålsåenoughså · adverbmodifies stortstortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hålhålholehål · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fickattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of trängakorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trängakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trängaträngato force one's waytränga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on nödgasigenomthroughigenom · adverbdepends on trängadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of tränga- 15
Bataki was so eager to be free that he could not sleep, but stood beside the boy during the work.
BatakiBatakibataki · proper noun, nominativesubject of ivrigvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ivrigsåsoså · adverbmodifies ivrigivrigeagerivrig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bliinfinitive marker before a verb.
blibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on ivrigfrifreefri · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bliattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sovahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sovaintenotinte · particlemodifies sovakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sovasovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on bliutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
stodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ivrigbredvidnearbybredvid · adverbmodifies stodpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodunderduringunder · prepositionpreposition marking arbetetarbetetworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stod At first the boy was very diligent, but after a while the raven noticed that the strokes came at ever longer intervals, and at last they stopped altogether.
Iati · prepositionpreposition marking börjanbörjanbeginningbörjan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flitigvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to flitigpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flitigmycketverymycket · adverbmodifies flitigflitigindustriousflitig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking stundenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of märktemärktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with flitigkorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of märkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommohuggenthe strokeshugg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommokommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of märktekommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
medwithmed · prepositiondepends on kommoalltallall · adverbmodifies längrelängrelongerlång · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies mellanrummellanrumintervalsmellanrum · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies upphördesistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase tillupphördeceasedupphörde · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with flitigdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of upphördealldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies upphörde- 16
"You must be tired," said the raven.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tröttärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to tröttvisstcertainlyviss · adverbmodifies tröttsurface visst here is the adverb 'certainly/surely', not the adjective viss 'certain'.
trötttiredtrött · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesadesaidsa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tröttkorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade "Perhaps you can't manage to work any longer?"
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of orkarorkarmanagesorka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies arbetaintenotinte · particlemodifies arbetaarbetaworkarbeta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of orkarlängreany longerlänge · adverbmodifies arbeta— "No, I'm not tired," said the boy, taking up the chisel again, "but I haven't slept properly a single night in ever so long.
Nejnonej · interjectionhead of the phraseintenotinte · particlemodifies tröttärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to tröttjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trötttrötttiredtrött · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularparallel clause to Nejsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Nejpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadeåteragainåter · adverbmodifies toguppupupp · adverbpart of the phrase återjärnetironjärn · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of togmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sovitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sovitintenotinte · particlemodifies sovitsovitsleptsovit · verb, active, supinecoordinated with sadeordentligtproperlyordentlig · adverbmodifies sovitenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of nattnattnightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sovitpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking längealdrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies längesåsoså · adverbmodifies längelängeever so longlänge · adverbmodifies nattI don't understand how I'm going to manage to stay awake."
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of begriperbegriperunderstandbegripa · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies begriperhurhowhur · adverbmodifies hållajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hållaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållakunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of hållahållato stay awakehålla · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of begripermigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hållavakenawakevak · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hållaAll four examples in this chunk use "vaken" as the adjective (awake), not the noun "vak" (ice-hole); the primary gloss should be "awake" here, though the ice-hole noun sense also occurs elsewhere in the book under this same conflated surface.
- 17
Now the work went along briskly for a while, but then the strokes came at ever longer intervals again.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencearbetetworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of gickrasktbrisklyrask · adverbmodifies gickundanalongundan · adverbpreposition marking stundenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies kommokommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gickkommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
huggenthe strokeshuggen · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kommomedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking mellanrumalltallall · adverbmodifies längrelängrelongerlång · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies mellanrummellanrumintervalsmellanrum · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommo The raven woke the boy again, but he realized that if he couldn't think of some way to keep him awake, he would have to stay where he was, not just that night, but the whole next day too.
Korpenthe ravenKorpen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väckteväcktewokeväcka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of väcktepåagainpå · prepositionpreposition marking nyttnyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of väcktemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstodförstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with väckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hittaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hittahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hittaintenotinte · particlemodifies hittakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hittahittathink ofhitta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on förstodpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättnågotsomenågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hittaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hållainfinitive marker before a verb.
hållato keep awakehålla · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying sätthonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hållavakenawakevak · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hållaAll four examples in this chunk use "vaken" as the adjective (awake), not the noun "vak" (ice-hole); the primary gloss should be "awake" here, though the ice-hole noun sense also occurs elsewhere in the book under this same conflated surface.
skullewould have toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåfåhave tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with väcktestannastaystanna · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fådärtheredär · adverbmodifies varhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on stannaintenotinte · particlemodifies nattenbarajustbara · adverbmodifies nattendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of nattennattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fåutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
helawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies dagnästanextnästa · adjective, nominativemodifies dagdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fåocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies dag- 18
"Perhaps it would go better with the work if I told you a story?" he said.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gingekanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies Detgingewould goginge · proper noun, nominativehead of the phrasemistagged as a proper noun; it is the past subjunctive of 'gå' (to go).
bättrebetterbra · adverbmodifies gingeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of arbetainfinitive marker before a verb.
arbetaworkarbeta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gingeifallififall · adverbintroduces the clause of taladeFunctions as the conjunction 'if/in case'.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of taladetaladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on arbetaomtellom · prepositionpreposition marking historiaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of historiahistoriastoryhistoria · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of taladeförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies historiasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade — "Yes, that might well be a possibility," said the boy, but at the same time he yawned and was so sleepy that he could barely hold on to the tool.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on möjlighetdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of möjlighetkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of möjlighetjumay wellju · adverbmodifies möjlighetvarabevara · verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to möjlighetenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularquantifies möjlighetmöjlighetpossibilitymöjlighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to möjlighetpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking gångsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of gånggångtimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gäspadegäspadeyawnedgäspa · verb, past, indicative, activemodifies hanhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to sömnigsåsoså · adverbmodifies sömnigsömnigsleepysömnig · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sadeAdjective 'sleepy/drowsy', despite the noun tag.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hållahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hållaknappthardlyknappt · adverbmodifies hållakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållahållato hold onhålla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sömnigfaston tofast · adverbdepends on hållaverktygettoolverktyg · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hålla- 19
THE TALE OF THE FALUN MINE.
SAGANTHE TALESAGAN · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseOMABOUTOM · determiner, common gender, singularhead of the phraseFALUFALUNFALU · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies GRUVAGRUVAMINEGRUVA · proper noun, nominativedirect object of OM - 20
"I will tell you, Thumbietot," said Bataki, "that I have had a long life on this earth.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivedepends on »digyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sägaTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with digthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
sadesaidsade · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceBatakiBatakibataki · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sadeName of the raven Bataki; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a common noun.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of haftjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haftharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinecoordinated with sadeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of livlångtlonglångt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies livBoth examples ('for fram ett långt stycke' = 'sped along a long stretch', 'tog ett långt hopp' = 'took a long leap') mean 'long' (length), not 'far' (distance).
livlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of haftpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking jordenjordenearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies liv I have met with both bad and good, and several times it has happened to me that I have been held captive by humans.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkatråkatmet withråka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceutmeet withut · adverbdepends on råkatförwithför · prepositionpreposition marking ontbådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationontbadont · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of råkatBoth examples ('göra oss något ont' = 'do us harm', 'inte hade förmått göra mycket ont' = 'not been able to do much harm') attest the sense 'harm', not 'pain', which was the pinned default gloss.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgottgoodgott · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with ontochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of häntharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of häntdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of hänthänthappenedhända · verb, active, supinecoordinated with ontmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of häntattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hållitsjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive hållitsharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållitshållitsbeen heldhållits · verb, passive, supineadverbial clause on råkatfångencaptivefång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hållitsPredicate use of the past participle of fånga ('to catch'); tagged as noun but functions adjectivally.
avbyav · prepositionpreposition marking människornamänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies fångenIn that way I have learned not only to understand their language, but I have also picked up much of their learning.
Påinpå · prepositionmodifies lärtsåthatså · adverbpart of the phrase Påsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase Påharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lärtjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lärtlärtlearnedlära · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of lärtintenotinte · particlemodifies lärtbarajustbara · adverbmodifies lärtatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förståinfinitive marker before a verb.
förståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on lärtderastheirde · pronounpossessor of språkpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
språklanguagespråk · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of förståutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of inhämtatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of inhämtatocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies inhämtatinhämtatpicked upinhämta · verb, active, supinecoordinated with lärtmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies inhämtatavofav · prepositionpreposition marking lärdomderastheirde · pronounpossessor of lärdompossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
lärdomlearninglärdom · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of inhämtatAnd I dare claim that there is not another bird in the land who knows your kinsmen as well as I do.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vågarvågardaresvåga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåståclaimpåstå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of vågarattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of finnsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsintenotinte · particlemodifies finnsfinnsthere isfinnas · verb, present, indicativeclausal complement of vågarenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fågelfågelbirdfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finnstillanothertill · prepositionpreposition marking landetiini · prepositionpreposition marking landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of finnssomwhosom · pronounsubject of harThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
harhasha · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on finnssåasså · adverbmodifies brabrawellbra · adverbmodifies harredafind outreda · adverbdepends on harpart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking stamfränderdinayourdu · pronoun, pluralpossessor of stamfränderThis entry is really the possessive "dina" (plural agreement), mistagged under the lemma du.
stamfränderkinsmenstamfränd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of harsomassom · pronounintroduces the clause of jagThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to stamfränder- 21
Once I sat in a cage for many years in a row at a mining official's house here in Falun, and it was in his house that I came to learn of what I am now going to tell you.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattiini · prepositionpreposition marking burburcagebur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies årmångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies åråryearsår · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of sattiini · prepositionmodifies årradrowrad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase ihoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking bergmästareenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bergmästarebergmästarea mining officialbergmästare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of satthärherehär · adverbmodifies bergmästareiini · prepositionpreposition marking FalunFalunFalunFalun · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of härmining town, capital of Dalarna.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattiini · prepositionpreposition marking hushanshishan · pronounpossessor of hushushousehus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of varsomthatsom · pronoundirect object of fickThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickcame to learnfå · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on huskännedomknowledgekännedom · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickomofom · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of ficksomwhatsom · pronoundirect object of berättaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of berättanunownu · adverbmodifies berättaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of berättaberättato tellberätta · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on detförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of berätta - 22
Long, long ago there lived here in Dalarna a giant who had two daughters.
Föragoför · prepositionpreposition marking längelängelonglänge · adverbmodifies boddeivery long agoi · prepositionpreposition marking världenvärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies längesedanthensedan · adverbintroduces the clause of boddeboddelivedboda · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehärherehär · adverbmodifies boddeiini · prepositionpreposition marking DalarnaDalarnaDalarnaDalarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of boddeSwedish province.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singularquantifies jättejättegiantjätte · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of boddesomwhosom · pronounsubject of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on jättetvåtwotvå · numeral, nominativequantifies döttrardöttrardaughtersdöttr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hade When the giant grew old and felt that he was going to die, he called his daughters to him to divide his possessions between them.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blevjättengiantjätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kalladegammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gammalattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of döhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of döskullewas going toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of dödöto diedö · verb, active, infinitivedepends on blevkalladecalledkalla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kalladedöttrarnadaughtersdöttr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of kalladetillto himselftill · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of kalladeförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of delaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of delainfinitive marker before a verb.
delato sharedela · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kalladesinahissig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of egendomaregendomarpossessionsegendom · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of delamellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of dela- 23
His chief wealth consisted of some mountains that were full of copper, and these he wished to give to his daughters.
HanshisHan · proper noun, genitivepossessor of rikedomMistagged; surface Hans here is the possessive pronoun "his," not the name Han.
förnämstachiefförnämsta · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies rikedomrikedomwealthrikedom · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bestodbestodconsistedbestå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceavofav · prepositionpreposition marking bergnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of bergbergmountainsberg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of bestodsomthatsom · pronounsubject of fullaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to fullafullafullfull · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on bergavofav · prepositionpreposition marking kopparkopparcopperkopp · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of fullaHomograph: koppar means both "cups" and the metal "copper."
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdessathesedenna · pronoun, pluralsubject of skänkavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skänkahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skänkaskänkato giveskänka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with bestodtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking döttrarnadöttrarnadaughtersdöttr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of skänka 'But before I hand over the inheritance to you,' he said, 'you must promise me that if any stranger should happen to discover your copper mountains, you shall strike him dead before he manages to show his find to anyone else.'
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lämnarjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lämnarlämnarhand overlämna · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sadeeryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluralindirect object of lämnararvetinheritancearv · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of lämnarsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sademåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lovaniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lovasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
lovato promiselova · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to sademigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lovaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slåomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of råkanågonanyonenågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of främlingfrämlingstrangerfrämling · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkaråkahappen toråka · verb, active, infinitivedepends on slåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of upptäckainfinitive marker before a verb.
upptäckato discoverupptäcka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on råkaerayourera · pronoun, pluralpossessor of kopparbergkopparbergcopper mountainkopparberg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of upptäckasåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on slåskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of slåniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slåsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
slåstrikeslå · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying lovaihjälto deathihjäl · verb, active, supineindirect object of slåhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of ihjälinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hinnerhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hinnerhinnerget through in timehinna · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on lovavisato showvisa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of hinnersitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of fyndpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
fyndfindfynd · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of visaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking annannågonanyonenågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of annanannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of visaThe eldest of the giant's daughters was cruel and fierce, and she promised without hesitation to obey her father's will.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of äldstaäldstaoldestgammal · adjective, nominative, superlativesubject of grymavofav · prepositionpreposition marking jättedöttrarnajättedöttrarnathe giant's daughtersjättedöttrarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies äldstavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to grymgrymcruelgrym · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvildwildvild · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with grymochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lovadelovadepromisedlova · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with grymutanwithoututan · prepositionpreposition marking tvekantvekanhesitationtvekan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lovadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of lydainfinitive marker before a verb.
lydato obeylyda · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying tvekanfadernsthe father'sfader · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of viljaviljawillvilja · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lydaThe other had a gentler nature, and the father saw that she hesitated before giving her promise.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andraandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sinnelagmeramoremycket · adverbmodifies miltmiltgentlemild · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sinnelagsinnelagnaturesinnelag · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfadernfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hadepast tense of se, 'to see.'
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of betänktehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of betänktebetänktehesitatedbetänka · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of sågsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of betänkteinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gavhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gavgavgavege · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sågLight-verb idioms in the examples: "gav ... till ett klagoskrik" = let out a cry; "gav sig tid" = took the time — not literal "gave" in either case.
löftetthe promiselöft · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gavTherefore he left her only a third of the inheritance, while the eldest got exactly twice as much as she did.
Därförthereforedärför · adverbmodifies lämnadelämnadeleftlämna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lämnadehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lämnadebarajustbara · adverbmodifies lämnadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tredjedeltredjedela thirdtredjedel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lämnadeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking arvetarvetinheritancearv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies tredjedelmedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fickdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of äldstaäldstaoldestgammal · adjective, nominative, superlativesubject of fickfickgotfå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on lämnadejämntexactlyjämn · adverbmodifies fickdubbelttwicedubbel · adverbmodifies såAdverbial form dubbelt, "double, twice as much".
såasså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies ficksomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of honhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying mycket'You I know I can rely on, as if you were a man,' said the giant, 'and therefore you shall have the lion's share.'
DigyouDig · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularsubject of vetArchaic capitalized form of 'dig' (you, object case).
vetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of litajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of litakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of litalitato trustlita · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of vetpåonpå · prepositiondepends on litasomassom · pronounsubject of fåThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of karlduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of karlvorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to karlenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of karlkarlmankarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on fåsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with karljättengiantjätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärförthereforedärför · adverbmodifies fåskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåfåhavefå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on litabrorslottenlion's sharebrorslott · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåIdiom; historically the eldest brother's larger inheritance share.
- 24
Soon after, the old giant died, and for a long time afterward both daughters were equally careful to keep the promise.
Straxsoonstrax · adverbmodifies dogdärefterafterwarddärefter · adverbmodifies dogdogdieddog · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegammaljättenold giantgammaljätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies dogochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlångalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tidertidertimestid · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with dogframåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies tidervarwasvara · determiner, common gender, singularmodifies dogmistagged as a determiner; the surface 'var' here is the past tense of vara 'to be'.
bådabothbåda · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies döttrarnadöttrarnadaughtersdöttr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of varlikaequallylika · adverbmodifies noganogacarefulnoga · adjective, nominativemodifies varatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hållainfinitive marker before a verb.
hållato keephålla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on varlöftetthe promiselöft · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hålla More than one poor woodcutter or hunter happened to catch sight of the copper ore, which in several places lay right at the surface of the mountain, but scarcely had he gotten home and told what he had seen before he was struck by misfortune.
Detiten · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of händethis type bundles three distinct functions of the neuter forms det/ett under one entry.
händehappenedhä · adjective, nominativehead of the phrasePast tense of 'hända' (to happen); mistagged and truncated as an adjective lemma 'hä'.
mermoremycket · adverbmodifies vedhuggareänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase merenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vedhuggarefattigpoorfattig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vedhuggarevedhuggarewoodcuttervedhuggare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of händeelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjägarehuntersjägare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with vedhuggareattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fickhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickcaught sightfå · verb, past, indicative, activeclause modifying vedhuggaresynsightsyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking kopparmalmenkopparmalmenthe copper orekopparmalm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ficksomwhichsom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking hållfleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hållhålldirectionshåll · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of låglåglowlåg · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with fickoppeupoppe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lågOppe is an older spelling or form of modern uppe.
vidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking bergytanbergytanthe rock surfacebergytan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationknappasthardlyknappast · adverbmodifies hunnithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hunnithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hunnithunnitgottenhinna · verb, active, supinecoordinated with fickhemhomehem · adverbmodifies hunnitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtalattalkedtala · verb, active, supinecoordinated with hunnitomtellom · prepositionintroduces the clause of settvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of setthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on talatförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies träffadesused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive träffadesträffadeswas struckträffa · verb, past, indicative, passiveadverbial clause on händeavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking olyckaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of olyckaolyckamisfortuneolycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularagent of träffadesEither a dead pine toppled over onto him, or else he met with a rockslide.
AntingeneitherAntingen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationCorrelative with 'eller' (either...or).
störtadetoppledstörta · adjective, nominative, singularhead of the phraseenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of torrfuratorrfuradead pinetorrfura · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of störtadeöverontoöver · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of störtadeelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies råkaderåkademet withråka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with störtadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkadeutmeet withut · adverbmodifies råkadeförwithför · prepositionpreposition marking bergrasettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of bergrasbergrasa rockslidebergra · verb, present, indicative, passiveoblique complement of råkadeHe was never given time to show anyone else where the treasure was to be found in the wilderness.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickwas givenfå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencealdrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies ficktidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickpåto sparepå · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativemodifies tidatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of visainfinitive marker before a verb.
visato showvisa · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying tidenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of annanannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of visavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tillskattentreasureskatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tillvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tilltillto be foundtill · prepositionmodifies finnandesfinnandesto be foundfinnan · verb, past, indicative, passiveadverbial clause on fickiini · prepositionpreposition marking vildmarkenvildmarkenwildernessvildmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of finnandes- 25
In those days it was the custom everywhere in the land for farmers to send their cattle out to graze deep into the forests during the summers.
Påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking tidendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidenhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase dentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of brukvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to brukdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of brukbrukcustombruk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseöverallteverywhereöverallt · adverbmodifies brukiini · prepositionpreposition marking landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of överalltattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sändeböndernathe farmersbönderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sändeominom · prepositionpreposition marking somrarnasomrarnathe summerssomr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sändeLemma is truncated; the word is 'sommar' (summer).
sändesentsäna · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on bruksinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of kreaturkreaturcattlekreatur · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sändepåto grazepå · prepositionpreposition marking betebetegrazingbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sändelångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies inininin · adverbmodifies beteiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking skogarnaskogarnaforestsskog · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of in The herders went along with them to look after the milk and make cheese and butter.
Vallhjonenthe herdersVallhjonen · proper noun, nominativesubject of följdeföljdefollowedfölja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of följdeförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of taatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tainfinitive marker before a verb.
tato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on följdevarabevara · verb, active, infinitivedirect object of tapåafterpå · prepositionpreposition marking mjölkenmjölkenmilkmjölk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of taochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgöramakegöra · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with taostcheeseost · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of göraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmörbuttersmör · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with ostSo that people and livestock would have some shelter in the wilderness, the farmers cleared a small spot in the forest and built there a couple of small cabins, which they called «fäbodar».
Förso thatför · prepositionintroduces the clause of haattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hafolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of haochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationboskaplivestockboskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with folkskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on röjdenågonsomenågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tillflykttillflyktsheltertillflykt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haiini · prepositionpreposition marking vildmarkenvildmarkenwildernessvildmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of haröjdeclearedröja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceböndernathe farmersbönderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of röjdeoppupoppa · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with röjdeDialectal form of upp ("up"), a particle, not a finite verb; the parser mistagged it.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of platslitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies platsplatsplaceplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of oppiini · prepositionpreposition marking skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies platsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbyggdebuiltbygga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with röjdedärtheredär · adverbmodifies byggdeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies stugorsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stugorstugorcottagesstuga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of byggdesomwhichsom · pronounsubject of fäbodarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheyde · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fäbodarThis type's own examples show 'de' used as the plain personal pronoun "they" (de voro ovanligt strävsamma = "they were unusually...") as often as the determiner "the" (de andra = "the others"); a fixed gloss of "the" mis-renders every pronoun occurrence.
kalladecalledkallad · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fäbodarfäbodarsummer farmsfäbod · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralrelative clause on stugortraditional seasonal dairy-farm huts used for summer grazing.
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Now it happened that a farmer who lived by the Dal River in Torsång parish had his summer quarters on the shores of Lake Runn, where the ground was so full of stones that no one had ever tried to cultivate it.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies händehändehappenedhä · adjective, nominativehead of the phrasePast tense of 'hända' (to happen); mistagged and truncated as an adjective lemma 'hä'.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with händesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of händeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bondebondefarmerbonde · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadesomwhosom · pronounsubject of boddeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
boddelivedbodde · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on bondeinvidclose toinvid · adverbmodifies boddeFunctions as a preposition ("right next to") in these examples.
Dalälventhe Dal RiverDalälv · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of boddeProper name of the river Dalälven.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking sockenTorsångsTorsångTorsångs · proper noun, nominativepossessor of sockensockenparishsocke · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of boddehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on händesinahissig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of sommarbodarsommarbodarsummer quarterssommarbod · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hadevidonvid · prepositionpreposition marking strändernasträndernashoresstrand · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of hadeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking Runnsjönthe lakesjön · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies RunnRunnRunnRunn · proper noun, nominativemodifies strändernaLake name.
därtheredär · adverbmodifies stenbundenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stenbundenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to stenbundensåsoså · adverbpart of the phrase varstenbundenstonystenbunden · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralin apposition to hadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of försöktingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of försökthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of försöktförsökttriedförsöka · verb, active, supineclause modifying stenbundensigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of försöktpåtopå · prepositionintroduces the clause of odlaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of odlainfinitive marker before a verb.
odlato cultivateodla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on försöktdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of odla One autumn the farmer set off with a couple of pack horses to the summer pasture to help bring home the cattle, the butter tubs, and the cheeses.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hösthöstautumnhöst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of begavbegavset offbegava · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of begavbondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of begavlemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking klövjehästarettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies klövjehästarklövjehästarpack horsesklövjehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of begavbortawaybort · adverbmodifies klövjehästartilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking fäbodvallenfäbodvallensummer farmfäbodvall · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bortförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of hjälpaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hjälpainfinitive marker before a verb.
hjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on begavtillhelptill · prepositiondepends on hjälpaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förainfinitive marker before a verb.
förabringföra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of hjälpahemhomehem · adverbdepends on förakreaturencattlekreatur · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of förasmörbyttornathe butter tubssmörbyttorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with kreaturenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationostarnathe cheesesost · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with kreaturenWhen he went to count the livestock, he happened to notice that one of the billy goats was quite red about the horns.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of räknahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räknaskullewas going toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of räknaräknato counträkna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on råkadeboskapenlivestockboskap · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of räknaråkadehappened toråka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkademärkato noticemärka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of råkadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of rödenoneman · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of rödSurfaces are only "en"/"En" used as a counting pronoun ("en av dem" = "one of them"), not the indefinite generic pronoun man/en ("one does X"). Lemma is mistagged as man; it should be en (numeral pronoun "one"). Gloss "one" happens to still be correct.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking bockarnabockarnathe billy goatsbock · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies envarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to rödalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies rödrödredröd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of märkaomaroundom · prepositionpreposition marking hornenhornenhornshorn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of röd'What kind of horns has Kåre the billy goat gotten?' said the farmer to the herd-girl.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phraseärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to Vaddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of Vadförkind offör · prepositionpreposition marking hornhornhornshorn · proper noun, nominativemodifies Vadsomthatsom · pronoundirect object of fåttThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
KårebockenKåre the billy goatkårebock · proper noun, nominativesubject of fåttharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttfåttgottenfå · verb, active, supinerelative clause on hornsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadelemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking vallkullanvallkullanthe herd-girlvallkullan · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of sade— 'I don't know, I'm sure,' she answered.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on —intenotinte · particlemodifies vetjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on vetsvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to vethonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svarade'He's come home with red horns every evening this summer.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencehemhomehem · adverbdepends on kommitmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hornrödaredröd · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies hornhornhornshorn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of kommitvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to kvällkvälleveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommitiini · prepositionpreposition marking sommarsommarsummersommar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kvällHe seems to think it's rather fine.'
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckertyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenogapparentlynog · adverbmodifies tyckerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of grantdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of grantärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to grantgrantfine/splendidgrant · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of tycker— 'Is that so, do you think,' said the farmer.
Jasåis that soJaså · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseInterjection mistagged as a noun; expresses mild surprise or acknowledgment and its English rendering shifts with tone.
trorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trordetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of trorsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to trorbondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadelemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
— 'He has a mind of his own, this billy goat, and if I scour the red off the horns, he goes straight off and gets new.'
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of lynnepossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
lynnemoodlynne · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of harförofför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of hardenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bockenhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase denbockengoatbock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of harochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skurarjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skurarskurarscourskura · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with hardetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardirect object of skurarrödaredröd · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies skuraravoffav · prepositionpreposition marking hornenhornenhornshorn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of skurargårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with harhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gårgenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies gårochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskaffargetsskaffa · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with gårdittheredit · adverbmodifies skaffarnyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of skaffar— 'Scour off the red color once more, then,' said the farmer, 'so I can see how he goes about it!'
Skurascourskura · verb, imperative, activedepends on sedåthendå · adverbmodifies Skuraavoffav · prepositionpreposition marking rödfärgenrödfärgenthe red paintrödfärg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Skuraänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gångenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Skurasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Skurabondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadelemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
såthenså · adverbadverbial clause on sefårcanfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of seseseese · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencehurhowhur · adverbmodifies bärhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bärbärgoes about itbära · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of seThree of the four examples use the idiom 'bär sig åt' ('manages, behaves, goes about it'), distinct from the literal carrying sense in ch33-p35-s4 ('bär på sin rygg').
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bäråtabout itåt · prepositionmodifies bär- 27
No sooner had the goat had his horns scoured than he ran off into the forest.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies förrförrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies fåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttbockenthe billy goatbock · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of fåttfåtthadfå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencehornenhornshorn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of fåttskuradescouredskura · verb, past, indicative, activecomplement of fåttänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of spranghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sprangsprangransprang · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on skuradetillinto the foresttill · prepositionpreposition marking skogsskogsinto the forestskogs · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sprang The farmer followed him, and when he caught up with the goat, the latter stood rubbing his horns against some stones that were red.
Bondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of följdelemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
följdefollowedfölja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of följdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hannhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hannhannhad timehann · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on oppPast tense of hinna, 'to have time to / manage to (before something else happens)'.
oppupopp · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with följdemistagged as a verb; this is the dialectal/colloquial adverb opp, a variant of upp 'up'.
bockenthe billy goatbock · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of oppstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with följdedennehe/this onedenne · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgnedrubbedgned · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with dennehornenhornshorn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of stodmotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking stenarnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of stenarstenarstonessten · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of stodsomthatsom · pronounsubject of rödaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · determiner, common gender, singularcopula linking to rödamistagged as a determiner; the surface 'var' here is the past tense of vara 'to be'.
rödaredröd · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on stenarThe farmer picked up the stones, tasted and smelled them.
Bondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of toglemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
togtookta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceoppupopp · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on togmistagged as a verb; this is the dialectal/colloquial adverb opp, a variant of upp 'up'.
stenarnastonessten · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of oppsmakadetastedsmaka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to togochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationluktadesmelledluktad · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with smakadeHe believed he understood that he had come upon some kind of ore.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of troddetroddebelievedtroda · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of troddeförståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of troddeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of råkathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkatråkatcome uponråka · verb, active, supineclausal complement of troddepåuponpå · prepositionpreposition marking malmnågotsomenågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of slagsslagskind ofslag · noun, genitive, neuter, singularpossessor of malmGenitive 'slags' used in the fixed phrase 'ett slags'/'vad för slags' = 'a kind of'/'what kind of'.
malmoremalm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of råkat- 28
While he stood there pondering, a boulder came rolling down a steep slope right beside him.
Medanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stodhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on komdärtheredär · adverbmodifies stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfunderadeponderedfunderad · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with stodpast tense of fundera ('to ponder'); mistagged as adjective.
komcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on utförettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of stenblockstenblockboulderstenblock · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of komrullanderollingrullande · adjective, nominativecomplement of komutfördownutför · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceMistagged as a verb; surface 'utför' here functions as a preposition/adverb meaning 'down (a slope/stairs)', unrelated to utföra (to carry out).
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of honombrantsteep slopebrant · adverbmodifies tättAlso used as a noun for 'a steep slope' in some occurrences.
tättclosetätt · adverbmodifies bredvidbredvidbesidebredvid · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of utför The farmer jumped aside and saved himself, but the goat Kåre was caught right under the boulder and was killed.
Bondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of spranglemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
sprangransprangma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLemma is corrupted; surfaces are only "sprang" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma.
åtasideåt · prepositiondepends on sprangsidanasidesida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase åtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationräddadesavedrädda · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sprangsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of räddademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbockengoatbock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies KåreKåreKåreKåre · proper noun, nominativesubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sprangrättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of komunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking blocketblocketthe boulderblock · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with komihjälslagenkilledihjälslag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevWhen the farmer looked up the slope, he saw a big, strong giantess who was in the middle of rolling down yet another boulder at him.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tittadebondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tittadelemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
tittadelookedtitta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sågoppåtupwardoppåt · adverbmodifies brantenbrantenslopebrant · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tittadesågsawsåga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceMislemmatized: surface is 'såg', the past tense of se ('to see'/'looked'), in both examples ('såg han sig om' = 'looked around'), not a form of såga ('to saw'). Gloss corrected to 'saw' (as in 'he saw/looked').
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågenaen · determiner, common gender, singularquantifies storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of sågstarkstrongstark · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies jättekvinnajättekvinnagiantessjättekvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with storsomwhosom · pronounsubject of färdThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularcopula linking to färdthe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking färdfärdjourneyfärd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of sågmedwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of rullaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of rullainfinitive marker before a verb.
rullarollrulla · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying färdnerdownner · adverbdepends on rullaännuanotherännu · adverbmodifies rullaettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of stenblockstenblockboulderstenblock · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of rullamotatmot · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rulla'What are you up to?' cried the farmer.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of tartartakesta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tardigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of tartilldotill · prepositionpreposition marking tarropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropadelemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
'I have done neither you nor any of your kin any harm.'
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjortharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjortvarkenneithervarken · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of gjortelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnågonanynågon · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of gjortavofav · prepositionpreposition marking dinadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of dinaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
dinayourdu · pronoun, pluralpossessor of ontThis entry is really the possessive "dina" (plural agreement), mistagged under the lemma du.
någotanynågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ontontharmont · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gjort— 'No, that I know well enough,' said the giantess.
Nejnonej · interjectiondepends on vetdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetnogwell enoughnog · adverbmodifies vetsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to vetjättekvinnangiantessjättekvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade'But I must strike you dead, because you have discovered my copper mountain.'
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slåmåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of slåslåstrikeslå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceihjälto deathihjäl · verb, active, supineindirect object of slådigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of ihjäldärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of upptäcktattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därförduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of upptäcktharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of upptäcktupptäcktdiscoveredupptäcka · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on slåmittmyjag · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of kopparbergThis entry is really the possessive "mitt" (neuter agreement), mistagged under the lemma jag.
kopparbergcopper mountainkopparberg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of upptäcktShe said this in a sorrowful voice, as if she were quite reluctant to kill him, and this gave the farmer courage to enter into speech with her.
Dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking röstbedrövaddistressedbedrövad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies röströstvoiceröst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sadesomassom · pronounsubject of motvilligThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of motvillighonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of motvilligvorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to motvilligganskaquiteganska · adverbmodifies motvilligmotvilligreluctantmotvillig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of sadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dödadödato killdöd · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on motvillighonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of dödaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhäravfrom thishärav · adverbmodifies fickfickgavefå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with motvilligbondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ficklemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
modcouragemod · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fickatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of geinfinitive marker before a verb.
geto givege · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying modsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of geiintoi · prepositionmodifies getalspeechtal · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase imedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of geThen she told him about the old giant, about the promise she had given, and about the sister who had received the lion's share.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies berättadeberättadetoldberätta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of berättadehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of berättadeomifom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking gammaljättengammaljättenold giantgammaljätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of berättadeomifom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking löftetlöftetthe promiselöft · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of berättadesomwhichsom · pronoundirect object of gettThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of getthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gettgettgivenge · verb, active, supinerelative clause on löftetochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking systernsysternsistersyster · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with löftetsomwhosom · pronounsubject of fåttThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttfåttreceivedfå · verb, active, supinerelative clause on systernbrorslottenlion's sharebrorslott · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåttIdiom; historically the eldest brother's larger inheritance share.
'I am so weary of killing all the innocent wretches who find out about my copper mountain,' she said, 'that I wish I had never accepted the inheritance.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ledärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to ledsåveryså · adverbmodifies ledledwearyled · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseSecond example 'när det led mot kvällen' = 'as evening drew near' is the verb lida ('led' = past tense), not the noun led — mistagged here.
åtofåt · prepositionintroduces the clause of slåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of slåinfinitive marker before a verb.
slåkillslå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on ledihjälto deathihjäl · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on slåallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of stackaredetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of stackareSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
oskyldigainnocentoskyldig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stackarestackarepoor wretchesstackare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies ihjälsomwhosom · pronounsubject of finnerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
finnerfindsfinna · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on stackareredafind outreda · adverbdepends on finnerpart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking kopparbergmittmyjag · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of kopparbergThis entry is really the possessive "mitt" (neuter agreement), mistagged under the lemma jag.
kopparbergcopper mountainkopparberg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of finnersadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to ledhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of önskarjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of önskarönskarwishesönska · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ledattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tagitjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tagitaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies tagithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tagittagittakenta · verb, active, supineclausal complement of önskaremotacceptemot · adverbdepends on tagitarvetinheritancearv · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of tagitBut what I have promised, that I must keep.'
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of lovatjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lovatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lovatlovatpromisedlova · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hålladetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hållafårmustfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hållahållato keephålla · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceWith that she began once more to pry at the boulder.
Därmedwith thatdärmed · adverbmodifies börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadeåteragainåter · adverbmodifies bändabändato prybända · verb, active, infinitiveoblique complement of börjadepåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking stenblocketstenblocketthe boulderstenblocke · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies bända'Don't be in such a hurry!' said the farmer.
Habeha · interjectionsubject of bråttomintenotinte · particlemodifies Hasåsuchså · adverbmodifies bråttombråttomin a hurrybråttom · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencePredicative idiom 'ha bråttom'; tagged as a verb form but functions as an adjective/adverb phrase, not a separate lexeme.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to bråttombondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadelemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
'You needn't kill me for the sake of that promise.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies slåbehöverneedbehöva · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of slåduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slåslåkillslå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceihjälto deathihjäl · verb, active, supineindirect object of slåmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of ihjälförforför · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of ihjäldärtheredär · adverbmodifies skulllöftetsthe promise'slöft · noun, genitive, neuter, singularpossessor of skullskullsakeskull · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on detonly occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'.
It wasn't I who found out about the copper, it was the goat, and him you have already killed.'
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of jagvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to jagintenotinte · particlemodifies jagjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomwhosom · pronounsubject of fannThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
fannfoundfann · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on jagredafind outreda · adverbdepends on fannpart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking kopparnkopparnthe copperkopparn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of fannutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of bockenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to bockenbockengoatbock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with jagochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of dödatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of dödatduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dödatredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies dödatdödatkilleddödat · verb, active, supinecoordinated with jag— 'Do you mean that I could get off with that?' said the giant's daughter, and grew uncertain.
MenarmeanMena · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Menarattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slippajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slippakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slippaslippabe spared/avoidslippa · verb, active, infinitivedepends on Menarmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of slippasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejättedotternthe giant's daughterjättedotter · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadetveksamhesitanttveksam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blev— 'Yes, that is certainly what I mean,' said the farmer.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on ’detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of menarmenarmeanmena · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on —jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of menarvisstcertainlyviss · adverbmodifies menarsurface visst here is the adverb 'certainly/surely', not the adjective viss 'certain'.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to menarbondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadelemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
'You have kept your promise as well as anyone could ask.'
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hållitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållithållitkepthålla · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceSurface "hållit" spans several idioms in this book: literal "held" (hållit trogen vakt = kept faithful watch), "hållit ut" (held out/endured), "hållit på" (had been -ing, continuous aspect), and "hållit sig" (stayed/remained). A single fixed gloss of "held" misrenders the hållit på / hållit sig examples.
dittyourdu · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of löftesurface ditt is the neuter possessive 'your', not the pronoun 'you'.
löftepromiselöfte · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hållitsåasså · adverbmodifies välvälwellväl · adverbmodifies hållitsomassom · subordinating conjunctiondirect object of begäranågonanyonenågon · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of begärakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of begärabegäraask for/demandbegära · verb, active, infinitivedepends on välAnd he spoke so sensibly with her that he got to keep his life.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of taladetaladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies förståndigtförståndigtsensiblyförståndig · adverbmodifies talademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of taladeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of behållahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of behållafickgot tofå · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of behållabehållato keepbehålla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on taladelivetlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of behålla- 29
The farmer now first went home with the cows.
Bondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraselemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
forwentfor · prepositionpreposition marking hemPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
nunownu · adverbmodifies hemförfirstför · prepositionpreposition marking hemdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of förstaförstafirsten · adjective, nominativepart of the phrase försurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
hemhomehem · adverbmodifies Bondenmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking kornakornathe cowskorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies hem Then he walked down to the Bergslagen district and hired farmhands who understood mining work.
Sedanthensedan · adverbmodifies vandradevandradewanderedvandra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vandradeneråtdownwardneråt · adverbpreposition marking BergslagernaBergslagernaBergslagenBergslagerna · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of vandradeProper name of the mining region.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlejdehiredlejde · adverbcoordinated with vandradesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of lejdedrängarfarmhandsdräng · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of lejdesomwhosom · pronounsubject of förstodThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
förstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on drängarsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of förstodpåaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking bergshanteringbergshanteringminingbergshantering · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förstodThese helped him open up a mine at the spot where the goat had lost his life.
Dessathesedenna · pronoun, pluralsubject of hjälptehjälptehelpedhjälpa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälpteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tainfinitive marker before a verb.
tato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hjälpteoppupoppa · verb, present, indicative, activeindirect object of taDialectal form of upp ("up"), a particle, not a finite verb; the parser mistagged it.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gruvagruvaminegruva · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tapåatpå · prepositiondepends on tadetaen · determiner, neuter, singularpart of the phrase påställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase pådärtheredär · adverbmodifies hadebockengoatbock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on tamistlostmist · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies livetMislabeled as a noun; mist is the supine of mista ("to lose").
livetlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeAt first he was afraid of being killed, but it seems the giant's daughter had grown tired of guarding her copper mountain.
Iati · prepositionpreposition marking börjanbörjanbeginningbörjan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of räddvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to räddhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räddräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bliinfinitive marker before a verb.
blito becomebli · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on rädddödadkilleddödad · verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominativecomplement of blimenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with förhöllförhöllwasförhöll · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with bliFrom förhålla sig, 'to be the case'; 'det förhöll sig så att' = 'the truth was that'.
sigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of förhöllnogseeminglynog · adverbmodifies förhöllsåthe caseså · adverbmodifies förhöllattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tröttnatjättedotternthe giant's daughterjättedotter · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tröttnathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tröttnattröttnatgrown wearytröttna · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on räddpåofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of vaktaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vaktainfinitive marker before a verb.
vaktato guardvakta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tröttnatsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of kopparbergpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
kopparbergcopper mountainkopparberg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of vaktaShe never troubled him again.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ofredadeofredadetroubledofreda · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of ofredadealdrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies ofredade- 30
The vein of ore that the farmer had discovered ran right along the surface of the mountain, so that it was neither difficult nor troublesome to break out the ore.
Malmådernthe vein of oreMalmådern · proper noun, nominativesubject of gicksomthatsom · pronoundirect object of upptäcktThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
bondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of upptäcktlemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of upptäcktupptäcktdiscoveredupptäcka · verb, active, supinerelative clause on Malmåderngickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceframforwardfram · adverbdepends on gickialongi · prepositionpreposition marking bergytansjälvarightsjälv · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies bergytanSurface "själva" is the plural/emphatic form of själv and can mean "themselves" or intensify "the very."
bergytanthe rock surfacebergytan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gicksåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of svårtattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sådetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with svårtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to svårtvarkenneithervarken · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsvårtdifficultsvår · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on gickelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbesvärligtdifficultbesvärlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with svårtatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of brytainfinitive marker before a verb.
brytabreak outbryta · verb, active, infinitivedepends on svårtmalmenoremalm · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of bryta He and the farmhands hauled wood out of the forest, piled up great bonfires on the ore mountain, and set them alight.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of släpadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdrängarnafarmhandsdräng · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Hansläpadedraggedsläpa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceframforwardfram · adverbdepends on släpadevedfirewoodved · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies släpadeurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of släpadeladelaidlägga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with släpadeoppupopp · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on lademistagged as a verb; this is the dialectal/colloquial adverb opp, a variant of upp 'up'.
storabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bålbålbonfiresbål · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of ladepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking malmbergetmalmbergetore mountainmalmberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ladeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtändelittänd · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with malmbergetpåalightpå · prepositionpreposition marking malmbergetThen the rock cracked apart from the heat, so that they could get at the ore.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies spracksprackcracked apartsprack · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencestenenthe rocksten · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of spracksönderapart/brokensönder · adverbmodifies sprackavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking värmenvärmenthe warmthvärm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sönderLemma should be 'värme'; the surfaces are inflected forms of that noun.
såsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of kommaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sådetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sprackåtatåt · prepositionpreposition marking malmenmalmenoremalm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommaAfter that they put the pieces of ore through one fire after another, until they got out the pure copper and had separated it from the slag.
DärpåthenDärpå · adverbdirect object of lätlätputlät · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of malmstyckenaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
malmstyckenathe ore piecesmalmstycke · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of lätgågogå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of lätigenomthroughigenom · prepositiondepends on gådenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of eldenenaoneena · adjective, nominativemodifies eldeneldenfireeld · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gåefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking andradenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andraandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies eldentillsuntiltills · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fickdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fickfickgot outfå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gåframforwardfram · adverbdepends on fickdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kopparnrenapureren · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies kopparnkopparnthe copperkopparn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of fickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fickskiltseparatedskil · verb, active, supinedirect object of hadedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of hadefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking slaggenslaggenthe slagslagg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hade- 31
In days of old, people used copper for everyday purposes almost even more than they do nowadays.
Förrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies användeiini · prepositionpreposition marking världenvärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Förranvändeusedanvände · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencefolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of användenästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies ännuännuevenännu · adverbmodifies merameramoremycket · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies kopparkopparcopperkopp · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of användeHomograph: koppar means both "cups" and the metal "copper."
tillfortill · prepositionpreposition marking brukdagligteverydaydaglig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies brukbrukpurposesbruk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of användeänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gördetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of görgördoesgöra · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on användenunownu · adverbmodifies görförnowadaysför · prepositionpreposition marking tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gör It was a sought-after and useful commodity, and the farmer who owned the mine soon became enormously rich.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of eftersöktvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to eftersöktenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of eftersökteftersöktsought-aftereftersöka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnyttigusefulnyttig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with eftersöktvaracommodityvara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies eftersöktochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with eftersöktlemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of ägdeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ägdeownedägde · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on bondengruvanthe minegruvan · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ägdeblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with eftersöktsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies blevstormrikenormously richstormrik · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevHe built himself a large, splendid farm near the mine and called it Kårarvet after the goat.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of byggdebyggdebuiltbygga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of byggdeenaen · determiner, common gender, singularquantifies storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Kårarvetpräktigsplendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gårdgårdfarmgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with storiini · prepositionpreposition marking gruvannärhetenvicinitynärhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iavofav · prepositionpreposition marking gruvangruvanminegruva · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gårdochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkalladecalledkalla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stordenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of KårarvetKårarvetKårarvetKårarv · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of byggdeProper name of a farm.
efterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking bockenbockengoatbock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies KårarvetWhen he rode to church service in Torsång, his horse was shod with silver, and when his daughter was to celebrate her wedding, he had ale brewed from twenty barrels of malt and had ten great oxen roasted on the spit.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skoddhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of redredrodered · verb, past, indicative, activepart of the phrase Närtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking gudstjänstengudstjänstenchurch servicegudstjänst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Näriini · prepositionpreposition marking TorsångTorsångTorsångTorsång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gudstjänstenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to skoddhanshishan · pronounpossessor of hästhästhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skoddskoddshodskodd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lätmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking silversilversilversilver · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies skoddochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of firahanshishan · pronounpossessor of dotterdotterdaughterdotter · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of firaskullewas toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of firafirato celebratefira · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with skoddbröllopweddingbröllop · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of firaläthadläta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lätbryggato brewbrygga · verb, active, infinitivemodifies lätölaleöl · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of lätavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking tunnortjugotwentytjugo · numeral, nominativequantifies tunnortunnorbarrelstunna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies ölmaltmaltmal · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies lätochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstekaroaststeka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with lättiotentio · numeral, nominativequantifies oxarstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies oxaroxaroxenoxe · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of stekapåon the spitpå · prepositionpreposition marking spettspettspitspett · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of steka- 32
In those days people mostly kept to themselves, each in their own corner of the country, and news did not travel about as easily as it does now.
Påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking tidendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of brukadebrukadeused tobruka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencefolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of brukadeförmostlyför · prepositionpreposition marking mestadetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of mestamestamostmycken · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies brukadeSuperlative 'mesta' of the archaic quantifier 'mycken' (much).
hållato keep to themselveshålla · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of brukadesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of hållastillastillstilla · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of hållathe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
ochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase varenoneman · pronoun, common gender, singularpart of the phrase varSurfaces are only "en"/"En" used as a counting pronoun ("en av dem" = "one of them"), not the indefinite generic pronoun man/en ("one does X"). Lemma is mistagged as man; it should be en (numeral pronoun "one"). Gloss "one" happens to still be correct.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking landsändasintheir ownsig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of landsändalandsändapart of the countrylandsända · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of varochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnyheternewsnyhet · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with brukadeintenotinte · particlemodifies blevsåasså · adverbmodifies kringfördalätteasilylätt · adverbpart of the phrase såkringfördacirculatedkringförda · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of blevsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of nununownu · adverbcomplement of blev But word that a great copper mine had been found reached many people all the same, and those who had nothing better to do set off up toward Dalarna.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationryktetthe rumorrykt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of nåddeomthatom · prepositionintroduces the clause of blivitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivitenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of koppargruvastorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies koppargruvakoppargruvacopper minekoppargruva · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineclause modifying ryktetfunnenfoundfunn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of nåddenåddereachednå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceändåall the sameändå · adverbmodifies nåddeframforwardfram · adverbmodifies nåddetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking människormångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of framochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gavsomwhosom · pronounsubject of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on debättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativedirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göradogöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hadegavset offge · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with nåddeLight-verb idioms in the examples: "gav ... till ett klagoskrik" = let out a cry; "gav sig tid" = took the time — not literal "gave" in either case.
sigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of gavåstadoffåstad · verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominativecomplement of gavFixed adverbial particle used with verbs of motion (satte åstad, gav sig åstad = 'set off').
oppåtupwardoppåt · adverbmodifies DalarnaDalarnaDalarnaDalarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of åstadSwedish province.
At Kårarvet all the poor wanderers were well received.
Påatpå · prepositionpreposition marking KårarvetKårarvetKårarvetKårarv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of blevProper name of a farm.
blevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vandrarefattigapoorfattig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vandrarevandrarewanderersvandrare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of mottagnavälwellväl · adverbmodifies mottagnamottagnareceivedmottagen · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of blevThe farmer took them into his service, gave them good wages, and let them mine ore for him.
Bondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of toglemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
togtookta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of togiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking tjänstsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of tjänsttjänstservicetjänst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of toggavgavege · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with togLight-verb idioms in the examples: "gav ... till ett klagoskrik" = let out a cry; "gav sig tid" = took the time — not literal "gave" in either case.
demthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of gavgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lönlönwageslön · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gavochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlätletlät · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gavdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of lätbrytaminebryta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of lätmalmoremalm · proper noun, nominativedirect object of brytaCommon noun 'ore', mistagged as proper noun.
åtforåt · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of brytaThere was ore enough and more than enough, and the more servants he could put to work, the richer he became.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
nogenoughnog · adverbmodifies fannsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationövernogmore than enoughövernog · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with fannsavofav · prepositionpreposition marking malmmalmoremalm · proper noun, nominativemodifies övernogCommon noun 'ore', mistagged as proper noun.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjutheju · adverbmodifies flerafleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tjänaretjänareservantstjänare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sättahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sättakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sättasättato set/putsätta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with fannstillto worktill · prepositionpreposition marking arbetetarbetetworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sättadestothedesto · adverbmodifies rikarerikarericherrik · adjective, nominative, comparativedepends on blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to fannshanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blev- 33
But one evening it is said to have happened that four sturdy fellows with mining picks over their shoulders came walking to Kårarvet.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kvällkvälleveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of häntläris said tolära · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of häntdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of hänthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of hänthänthappenedhända · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of karlarfyrafourfyra · numeral, nominativequantifies karlarraskasturdyrask · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies karlarch19-p48-s4 'ett par raska snitt' = 'a couple of quick strokes' — 'sturdy' is wrong there; the word covers both 'brisk/quick' and 'sturdy/vigorous' senses depending on referent.
karlarmenkarl · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralclausal complement of häntmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking bergsmanshackanbergsmanshackanthe mining pickbergsmanshackan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of karlarpåoverpå · prepositionpreposition marking axelnaxelnshoulderaxel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of karlarkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to häntvandrandewalkingvandra · adjective, nominativedepends on komPresent participle 'vandrande' of 'vandra' (to walk/wander); mistagged as an adjective.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking KårarvetKårarvetKårarvetKårarv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of komProper name of a farm.
They were well received like everyone else, but when the farmer asked whether they wanted to work for him, they flatly said no.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevälwellväl · adverbmodifies mottagnamottagnareceivedmottagen · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of blevsomlikesom · conjunctionintroduces the clause of andraallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andraandraothersannan · pronoun, pluraloblique complement of mottagnamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of frågadebondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågadelemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
frågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on arbetaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of arbetadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of arbetavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of arbetaarbetaworkarbeta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with blevhoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of arbetasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to blevdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sadetvärtflatlytvär · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies nejNeuter form 'tvärt' used adverbially with varied senses depending on what it modifies.
nejnonej · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sade'We intend to mine ore for our own account,' they said.
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of tänkertänkerthinktänka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebrytaminebryta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tänkermalmoremalm · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of brytaförforför · prepositionpreposition marking räkningegenownegen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies räkningräkningfor themselvesräkning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tänkersadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to tänkerdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sade— 'Surely it's the case, though, that this ore mountain is mine,' said the farmer.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with såärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to såvälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies ärändåthoughändå · adverbmodifies såsåthe caseså · adverbmodifies —attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of mittdetitden · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of malmbergethärherehär · adverbmodifies malmbergetmalmbergetore mountainmalmberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of mittärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to mittmittmyjag · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on såThis entry is really the possessive "mitt" (neuter agreement), mistagged under the lemma jag.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with mittbondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadelemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
— 'We don't intend to mine in your mine,' the strangers answered.
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of tänkertänkerthinktänka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies tänkerbrytaminebryta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tänkeriini · prepositionpreposition marking gruvadinyourdu · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of gruvagruvaminegruva · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of brytasvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to tänkerdetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of svaradesurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
främmandestrangefrämmande · adjective, nominativemodifies svarade'The mountain is large, and whatever lies free and unfenced in the wilderness, we have just as much right to as you do.'
Bergetthe mountainBerget · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of stortärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to stortstortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of harsomwhateversom · pronounsubject of liggerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
liggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on detfrittfreelyfri · adverbmodifies liggerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationohägnatunfencedohägna · verb, active, supinecoordinated with frittiini · prepositionpreposition marking vildmarkenvildmarkenwildernessvildmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ohägnatharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on stortviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of harlikaequallylika · adverbmodifies myckenmyckenmuchmycken · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies rätträttrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hartillright totill · prepositiondepends on harsomassom · conjunctionpreposition marking harduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on som- 34
No more was said about this, and the farmer continued to show hospitality to the newcomers.
Mermoremycket · adverbmodifies blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with talatintenotinte · particlemodifies talattalattalkedtala · verb, active, supinecomplement of blevomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of talatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visalemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
fortforwent onfortfor · adverbmodifies bondenMistagged as adverb; this is the past tense of the verb 'fortfara', meaning 'continued/went on'.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of visainfinitive marker before a verb.
visato showvisa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with blevgästfrihethospitalitygästfrihet · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of visamottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking nykomnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of nykomnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
nykomnanewcomersnykomna · adjective, nominative, pluraloblique complement of visa Early the next day they went out to work, found copper ore some distance away, and began to mine it.
TidigtearlyTidig · adverbmodifies dagnästanextnästa · adjective, nominativemodifies dagdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gickutoutut · adverbdepends on gickförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of arbetaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of arbetainfinitive marker before a verb.
arbetaworkarbeta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gickfannfoundfann · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickkopparmalmcopper orekopparmalm · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fannettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of styckestyckepiecestycke · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of fannlängrefartherlänge · adverbmodifies bortbortawaybort · adverbmodifies fannochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickbrytaminebryta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of brytaWhen they had been at it for a few days, the farmer came to them.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hållitdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hållithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållithållitbeen at ithålla · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on komSurface "hållit" spans several idioms in this book: literal "held" (hållit trogen vakt = kept faithful watch), "hållit ut" (held out/endured), "hållit på" (had been -ing, continuous aspect), and "hållit sig" (stayed/remained). A single fixed gloss of "held" misrenders the hållit på / hållit sig examples.
påat itpå · prepositionpreposition marking darnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of dardardaysd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of hållitkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komlemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of kom'There's plenty of ore here in the mountain,' he said.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with malmärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to malmgottplentygott · adverbmodifies äromofom · prepositionpreposition marking malmmalmoremalm · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseCommon noun 'ore', mistagged as proper noun.
härherehär · adverbmodifies malmiini · prepositionpreposition marking bergetbergetmountainberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of härsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to malmhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade— 'Yes, it will take a great deal of people's labor before this treasure is brought up,' answered one of the strangers.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on villdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with villvillwantsvilja · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on —mycketa great dealmycket · adverbmodifies folksfolkspeople'sfolks · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villarbeteworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of villtilltaketill · prepositiondepends on villinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lyftaddennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skattenskattentreasureskatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lyftadärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to lyftadlyftadraisedlyfta · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on villsvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lyftadenoneman · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of svaradeSurfaces are only "en"/"En" used as a counting pronoun ("en av dem" = "one of them"), not the indefinite generic pronoun man/en ("one does X"). Lemma is mistagged as man; it should be en (numeral pronoun "one"). Gloss "one" happens to still be correct.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking dedetheen · determiner, pluralmodifies enSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
främmandestrangefrämmande · adjective, nominativemodifies svarade— 'That I well understand,' said the farmer, 'but still I think you ought to give me a tax on the ore you mine, because it is thanks to me that mining can be carried on here at all.'
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of förstårförstårunderstand(s)förstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstårnogwellnog · adverbmodifies förstårsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to förstårbondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadelemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckertyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sadeändåstilländå · adverbmodifies tyckerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of geniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gesecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
bordeought toböra · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of geBare borde is simple past modal ("ought to"/"should"); the perfect sense ("ought to have") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth ("borde släppa taget") has no ha and translates as plain "ought to."
geto givege · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of tyckermigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of geskatttaxskatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of geavonav · prepositionpreposition marking malmdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of malmmalmoremalm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies skattsomthatsom · pronoundirect object of bryterThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brytersecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
bryterminebryta · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on malmdärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of förtjänstattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därfördetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of förtjänstärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to förtjänstminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of förtjänstpossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
förtjänstmeritförtjänst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on tyckerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of drivasdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of passive drivaskancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of drivasdrivasbe carried ondriva · verb, passive, infinitivecoordinated with sadebergshanteringminingbergshantering · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive drivashärherehär · adverbmodifies bergshantering— 'Now we don't understand what you mean,' said the men.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies förstårförstårunderstand(s)förstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of förstårintenotinte · particlemodifies förstårvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of menarduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of menarmenarmeanmena · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of förstårsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with förstårkarlarnathe menkarlarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sade— 'Well, I freed the mountain through my own cleverness,' said the farmer, and told them about the two giant's daughters and about the lion's share.
Jowell/yesjo · interjectiondepends on frigjortused to affirm or answer a question, often contradicting an implied doubt.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frigjortharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of frigjortfrigjortfreedfrigjort · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencebergetmountainberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of frigjortgenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking klokhetminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of klokhetpossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
klokhetwisdomklokhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of frigjortsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to frigjortbondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadelemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationberättadetoldberätta · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with sadeförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of berättadeomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of jättedöttrarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of jättedöttrarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
bådabothbåda · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies jättedöttrarnajättedöttrarnathe giant's daughtersjättedöttrarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralclause modifying demochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking brorslottenbrorslottenlion's sharebrorslott · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with jättedöttrarnaIdiom; historically the eldest brother's larger inheritance share.
- 35
The men listened very carefully to this, but they seemed to fix on something else in the story than the farmer had expected.
Karlarnathe menKarlarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemycketverymycket · adverbmodifies noganogacarefulnoga · adjective, nominativemodifies hördepåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of hördemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fästatycktesseemedtycktes · verb, past, indicativemodifies fästafästafix onfästa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with hördesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of fästavidonvid · prepositionpreposition marking berättelsenannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase vidiini · prepositionpreposition marking berättelsenberättelsenstoryberättelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fästaänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of väntatbondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väntatlemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of väntatväntatexpectedväntaa · verb, active, supineclause modifying berättelsenSupine of 'vänta': 'väntat' = 'expected' in most tokens but 'väntat på svar' = 'had been waiting for an answer' — genuinely polysemous (expect vs. wait).
'Is it certain that the other giantess is more dangerous than the one you met with?' they said.
Ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to säkertdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with säkertsäkertsurelysäker · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseused adverbially, 'certainly/surely'.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of farligaredenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of jättekvinnanandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies jättekvinnanjättekvinnangiantessjättekvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of farligareärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to farligarefarligaremore dangerousfarlig · adjective, nominative, comparativedepends on säkertänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of farligaresomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of råkadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkaderåkademet withråka · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on denutmeet withut · adverbdepends on råkadeförwithför · prepositionpreposition marking somsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sade— 'I don't think she would show you much mercy,' answered the farmer.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies trorattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of visahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of visavisato showvisa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of troreryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluralindirect object of visamycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies förbarmandeförbarmandemercyförbarma · adjective, nominativecomplement of visasvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with förbarmandebondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svaradelemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
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With that he left them, but he kept an eye on them, and after a while he saw that they stopped working and walked off into the forest.
Därmedwith thatdärmed · adverbmodifies lämnadelämnadeleftlämna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lämnadedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of lämnademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllhöllkept an eyehålla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lämnadeögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of höllpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of höllochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomafterom · prepositionpreposition marking stundenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lämnadepast tense of se, 'to see.'
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of upphördedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of upphördeupphördestoppedupphöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sågatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of arbetainfinitive marker before a verb.
arbetaworkarbeta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on upphördeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvandradewanderedvandra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with arbetainåtintoinåt · prepositionpreposition marking skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of arbeta - 37
When the household sat at the evening meal at Kårarvet that day, a terrible howling of wolves was heard from over in the forest.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sattfolketpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hördesvidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking kvällsvardenkvällsvardensupperkvällsvard · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking KårarvetKårarvetKårarvetKårarv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies kvällsvardenProper name of a farm.
denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Kårarvethördescould be heardhöra · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of tjutförfärligtterribleförfärlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies tjuttjuthowltjut · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of passive hördesavofav · prepositionpreposition marking vargarvargarwolvesvarg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies tjutbortaover inborta · adverbmodifies hördesfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of borta Amid the howling of the wild beasts rang out human screams.
Mittiblandamidmittibland · proper noun, nominativemodifies vilddjurensvilddjurensthe wild beasts'vilddjur · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of människoskriktjutandehowlingtjutande · adjective, nominativemodifies ljödljödrang outljöd · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies människoskrikMislabeled as an adjective; ljöd is the past tense of ljuda ("to sound/ring out"), identical to the verb entry of the same spelling.
människoskrikhuman screamsmänniskoskrik · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseThe farmer rose at once, but the farmhands did not seem to want to follow him.
Bondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of restelemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
resteroseresa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of restegenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies restemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdrängarnafarmhandsdräng · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of tycktestycktesseemedtycktes · verb, past, indicativecoordinated with resteintenotinte · particlemodifies hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tyckteslustdesirelust · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of följainfinitive marker before a verb.
följato followfölja · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of följa'It might be good enough for that thieving pack to be torn apart by the wolves,' said the household folk.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phrasekancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of detvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to detgottgoodgod · adverbmodifies nognogenoughnog · adverbmodifies varaåtforåt · prepositionpart of the phrase varadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with Detdärtheredär · adverbmodifies blitjuvpacketthe thieving packtjuvpacke · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of bliatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bliinfinitive marker before a verb.
blibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on detrivettorn apartriv · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of bliavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking vargarnavargarnawolvesvargare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies rivetLemma is normalized to 'vargare'; the modern headword is 'varg'.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Dethusfolkethouseholdhusfolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of sade— 'We shall surely help those who are in need,' said the farmer, and went out with all his fifty farmhands.
Nogsurelynog · adverbmodifies biståskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of biståviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of biståbiståto helpbistå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of biståsomwhosom · pronounsubject of ärThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on demiini · prepositionpreposition marking nödnöddistressnöd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ärsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ärbondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadelemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ärutoutut · adverbdepends on gickmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking drängarallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of drängarsinahissig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of drängarfemtififtyfemti · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies drängardrängarfarmhandsdräng · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gick- 38
They caught sight at once of a terribly large pack of wolves, tumbling over one another and tearing and fighting over a kill.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fickfickcaught sightfå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies ficksynsightsyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking vargarenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skaraförfärligtterriblyförfärlig · adverbmodifies storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies skaraskaraflockskara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vargarvargarwolvesvarg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of ficksomthatsom · pronounsubject of tumladeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
tumladetumbledtumla · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on vargaromoverom · prepositionpreposition marking varandravarandraeach othervarandra · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of tumladeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrevstore at each otherrevs · noun, common gendercoordinated with varandraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsletsfoughtsle · noun, genitive, neuter, singularpossessor of byteomoverom · prepositionpreposition marking byteettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of bytebytekillbyte · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with varandra The farmhands chased them off and then found on the ground four human bodies, so badly mangled that they would not have understood who they were, had they not seen four mining picks lying beside them.
Drängarnathe farmhandsDrängarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of jagadejagadechasedjaga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebortawaybort · adverbdepends on jagadedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of jagadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfannfoundfinna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with jagadedåthendå · adverbmodifies fannpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of människokropparfyrafourfyra · numeral, nominativequantifies människokropparmänniskokropparhuman bodiesmänniskokropp · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of fannsomthatsom · pronounsubject of förståttThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies somsåsoså · adverbmodifies illaillabadlyilla · adverbpart of the phrase varmedfarnamangledmedfarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralpart of the phrase varattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förståttdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of förståttintenotinte · particlemodifies förståttskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förståtthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of förståttförståttunderstoodförstå · verb, active, supinerelative clause on människokropparvilkawhovilken · pronoun, pluralintroduces the clause of vardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varvarwerevara · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on människokropparomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of settdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of settintenotinte · particlemodifies setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on varfyrafourfyra · numeral, nominativequantifies gruvhackorgruvhackormining picksgruvhacka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of settsomthatsom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
låglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on gruvhackorbredvidnearbybredvid · adverbdepends on lågdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of låg- 39
After this the copper mountain remained in one man's possession right up to the farmer's death, when it was taken over by his sons.
Efterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of förblevförblevremainedförbli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekopparbergetcopper mountainkopparberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of förbleviini · prepositionpreposition marking ägoenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of mansmansman'sman · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of ägoägopossessionägo · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förblevändaright up toända · adverbmodifies dödtilluntiltill · prepositionpreposition marking dödbondensthe farmer'sbond · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of döddöddeathdöd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förblevExamples mix the noun (döden) with adjectival uses (död gås); flag if the occurrence is adjectival.
dåwhendå · adverbintroduces the clause of övertogsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of passive övertogsövertogswas taken overövertogs · verb, past, indicative, passiveadverbial clause on förblevavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking sönerhanshishan · pronounpossessor of sönersönersonssön · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralagent of övertogs These worked the mine together, but the ore that had been brought up in the course of a year they divided into heaps, cast lots for them, and then smelted out the copper each in his own furnace.
Dessathesedenna · pronoun, pluralsubject of arbetadearbetadeworkedarbeta · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasePast-tense verb 'arbetade' (worked), mistagged as an adjective. Gloss must be the past tense 'worked', not the present participle 'working'.
gemensamttogethergemensam · adverbmodifies gruvaniini · prepositionpreposition marking gruvangruvanthe minegruvan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of arbetademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of malmmalmoremalm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with arbetadesomthatsom · pronounsubject of blivitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinerelative clause on malmupptagenabsorbedupptagen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitunderin the course ofunder · prepositionpreposition marking årettaen · numeral, nominative, neuter, singularquantifies åråryearår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of upptagendeladedivideddela · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with arbetadedetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of deladesurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
iintoi · prepositionpreposition marking högarhögarheapshög · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of deladekastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with arbetadelottsharelott · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kastadeomforom · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of kastadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmältesmeltedsmälte · verb, active, supinecoordinated with kastadesedanthensedan · adverbmodifies smälteframforwardfram · adverbpart of the phrase sedankopparnthe copperkopparn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of kastadeiini · prepositionintroduces the clause of ugnarvarwasvara · determiner, common gender, singularmodifies ugnarmistagged as a determiner; the surface 'var' here is the past tense of vara 'to be'.
sinahis ownsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of ugnarugnarfurnacesugna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraladverbial clause on kastadeThey all became powerful mining men and built themselves large and imposing farms.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of bergsmänmäktigamightymäktig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bergsmänbergsmänmining menbergsman · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcomplement of blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbyggdebuiltbygga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blevsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of byggdestorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gårdarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationansenligaimposingansenlig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with storagårdarfarmsgård · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of byggdeAnd after them their heirs took up the work, opened new mine shafts, and increased the ore extraction.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencederastheirde · pronounpossessor of arvingarpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
arvingarheirsarvinge · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of togfatttook upfatt · prepositionpreposition marking dempåuppå · prepositionpreposition marking arbetetarbetetworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of togöppnadeopenedöppna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tognyanewny · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gruvschaktgruvschaktmine shaftsgruvschakt · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of öppnadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationökadeincreasedöka · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies malmbrytningenmalmbrytningenore miningmalmbrytning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of öppnadeYear by year the mine grew in importance, and ever more mining men got a share in it.
Åryearår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of växteförbyför · prepositionpreposition marking åråryearår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies Årväxtegrewväxa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegruvanminegruva · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of växteiini · prepositionpreposition marking betydenhetbetydenhetimportancebetydenhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of växteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationalltallall · adverbmodifies flerafleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bergsmänbergsmänmining menbergsman · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fickfickgotfå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with växtedelpartdel · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickiini · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of fickSome lived quite close to it, others had their farms and smelting huts scattered around the district.
Somligasomesomlig · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of boddeboddelivedboda · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies näranäranearnära · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of boddeandraothersannan · pronoun, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with boddesinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of gårdargårdarfarmsgård · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhyttorsmelting houseshyttor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with haderuntaroundrunt · adverbmodifies hadeomaroundom · adverbpart of the phrase runtiini · prepositionpreposition marking traktentraktenregiontrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadeA powerful settlement arose, and this was called the Stora Kopparberg mining district.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bygdmäktigmightymäktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bygdbygdsettlementbygd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of uppstoduppstodaroseuppstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdennathisdenna · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of passive kalladeskalladeswas calledkallaa · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with uppstodSurface kallades, passive past of kalla, 'to call/name'.
Storabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies bergslagweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
KopparbergsKopparberg'sKopparberg · proper noun, genitivepossessor of bergslagbergslagmining districtbergslag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of passive kallades- 40
Now it is to be noted that the ore lying in such a way that it could be mined from above, the way one quarries stone from a stone pit, began to run out, and the miners were forced to seek the ore deep underground.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of märkainfinitive marker before a verb.
märkato noticemärka · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of ärattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of brytasdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of malmmalmoremalm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive brytassomthatsom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
låglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on malmsåin such a wayså · adverbmodifies lågtillpositionedtill · prepositionpart of the phrase såattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of brytasdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of passive brytaskundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of brytasbrytasbe minedbryta · verb, passive, infinitiveclausal complement of märkaoppifrånfrom aboveoppifrån · adverbmodifies brytasOppifrån is a historical spelling of modern uppifrån.
somthe waysom · pronoundirect object of bryterThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
manoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bryterbryterquarriesbryta · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on brytasstenstonesten · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of bryterurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking stenbrottettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of stenbrottstenbrottstone quarrystenbrott · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of bryterbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to ärtato taketa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadeslutendslut · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of taochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgruvarbetarnathe minersgruvarbetarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with börjadetvungnaforcedtvungen · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of blevatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sökainfinitive marker before a verb.
sökasearchsöka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of blevmalmenoremalm · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sökadjuptdeeplydjup · adverbmodifies sökaunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking jordenjordenearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of söka They had to work their way, through narrow shafts and long winding passages, into the dark bowels of the earth in order to lay their fires and blast the rock apart.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of arbetamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of arbetagenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking schakttrånganarrowtrång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies schaktschaktshaftsschakt · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of arbetaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlångalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gångarslingrandewindingslingrande · adjective, nominativemodifies gångargångartimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with schaktarbetaworkarbeta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of arbetaininin · adverbmodifies arbetaiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking innandömenjordensearth'sjord · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of innandömenmörkadarkmörk · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies innandömeninnandömenbowelsinnandömen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of arbetaförin order toför · prepositionintroduces the clause of läggaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of läggainfinitive marker before a verb.
läggato lay/putlägga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on arbetasinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of eldareldarfireseld · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of läggaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsprängablastspränga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with läggasönderapart/brokensönder · adverbdepends on sprängabergetmountainberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sprängaIt is always heavy and difficult work to mine rock, but on top of that came the torment of the smoke, which could not find its way out into the air, and the difficulty of hauling the ore up steep ladders to the surface of the ground.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with arbeteärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to arbetealltidalwaysalltid · adverbmodifies arbeteettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of arbetetungtheavytung · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies arbeteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsvårtdifficultsvår · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with tungtarbeteworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of brytainfinitive marker before a verb.
brytaminebryta · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying arbetebergmountainberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of brytamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärtillbesidesdärtill · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with arbetepinantormentpina · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komavofav · prepositionpreposition marking rökenrökensmokerök · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies pinansomwhichsom · pronounsubject of letaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies letakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of letaletato searchleta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with komsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of letautoutut · adverbmodifies letaiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsvårighetendifficultysvårighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fraktaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fraktainfinitive marker before a verb.
fraktahaulfrakta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with arbetemalmenoremalm · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fraktapåuppå · prepositionpreposition marking stegarbrantasteepbrant · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stegarstegarladderssteg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of fraktaoppupoppa · adverbparallel clause to arbeteOpp is an older spelling of modern upp.
tillon top of thattill · prepositionpreposition marking jordytanjordytansurface of the earthjordyta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of oppAnd the farther down into the depths they pushed, the more dangerous the mining became.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjutheju · adverbmodifies neråtlängrefartherlänge · adverbmodifies neråtneråtdownwardneråt · adverbmodifies dedjupetdepthdjup · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies dedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of trängdeträngdepushedträngde · verb, past, indicative, activeoblique complement of blevdestothedesto · adverbmodifies farligarefarligaremore dangerousfarlig · adjective, nominative, comparativedepends on blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebrytningenminingbrytning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevSometimes strong currents of water came bursting out of some corner of the mine, sometimes it happened that the roof of the mine passages caved in over the mine workers.
Iblandsometimesibland · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencestarkastrongstark · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vattenströmmarvattenströmmarcurrents of watervattenströmm · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of komframbrusandebursting forthframbrusande · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies komurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking vråenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vråvråcornervrå · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komavofav · prepositionpreposition marking gruvangruvanthe minegruvan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vråiblandsometimesibland · adverbmodifies händehändehappenedhände · adjective, nominativecoordinated with komMistagged as adjective; it is the past tense of the verb 'hända' (to happen).
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with händeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of störtadetaketrooftak · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of störtadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking gruvgångarnagruvgångarnathe mine passagesgruvgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of störtadestörtadecaved instörta · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on händeininin · adverbdepends on störtadeöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking gruvdrängarnagruvdrängarnamine workersgruvdräng · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of störtadeThis made the work in the great mine so feared that no one wanted to devote themselves to it of their own free will.
Dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blevarbetetworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of bleviini · prepositionpreposition marking gruvandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gruvanstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gruvanweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
gruvanthe minegruvan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies arbetetblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of gjordesåsoså · adverbadverbial clause on fruktatfruktatfearedfrukta · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of blevattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ägnaingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of ägnavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ägnaägnadevoteägna · verb, active, infinitivedepends on fruktatsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ägnadäråtto itdäråt · adverbmodifies viljaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking viljafrifreefri · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies viljaviljawillvilja · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ägnaThen condemned criminals, and men who roamed the forests as outlaws, were offered pardon for their crimes if they were willing to become mine workers in Falun.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies erbjödserbjödswere offerederbjöds · verb, present, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentencelivdömdacondemnedlivdömda · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies förbrytareförbrytarecriminalsförbrytare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive erbjödsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmänmenman · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with förbrytaresomwhosom · pronounsubject of strökThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
strökroamedströk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on förbrytarePast tense of stryka, mistagged as an adjective.
omkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies fredlösafredlösaas outlawsfredlös · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on strökiini · prepositionpreposition marking skogarnaskogarnaforestsskog · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of fredlösaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fådetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fåskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfåreceivefå · verb, active, infinitivedepends on erbjödstillgiftpardontillgift · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of fåförforför · prepositionpreposition marking brottsinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of brottbrottcrimesbrott · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of fåomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blidetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of blivillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fågruvarbetareminersgruvarbetare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcomplement of bliiini · prepositionpreposition marking FalunFalunFalunFalun · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of blimining town, capital of Dalarna.
- 41
For a long time no one had thought of searching for the Brother's Portion.
Underforunder · prepositionpreposition marking tiderlångalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tidertidertimestid · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of tänkthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänktingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of tänkttänktthoughttänka · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasetagged as adjective but is the neuter past participle 'tänkt' (thought) of tänka.
påofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of sökaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sökainfinitive marker before a verb.
sökasearchsöka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tänktefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking brorslottenbrorslottenlion's sharebrorslott · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sökaIdiom; historically the eldest brother's larger inheritance share.
But among the lawless men who came to Stora Kopparberget there were several who did not value their lives as highly as an adventure, and these began to roam the district in hopes of finding it.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblandamongbland · prepositionpreposition marking männendetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of männenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
laglösalawlesslaglös · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies männenmännenmenman · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of genomströvasomwhosom · pronounsubject of komThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
komcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on männentilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking KopparbergetStoragreatStor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies KopparbergetDefinite/plural-looking form "Stora" used attributively in place names like Stora Tuna.
KopparbergetKopparbergetKopparberget · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of komfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativeparallel clause to männenexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
fleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of fannssomwhosom · pronounsubject of aktadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies aktadeaktadevaluedakta · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on fannssitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of livpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
livlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of aktadesåasså · adverbmodifies högthögthighlyhög · adverbmodifies aktadethis type bundles the positive, comparative, and superlative degree forms (högt, högre, högst) under one entry.
somassom · prepositionintroduces the clause of äventyrFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of äventyräventyradventureäventyr · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of aktadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdessathesedenna · pronoun, pluralsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with männengenomströvaroamgenomströva · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencetraktenregiontrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of genomströvaiini · prepositionpreposition marking hopphopphopeshopp · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies traktenTwo distinct homonyms share the spelling hopp: 'leap' and 'hope.'
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of finnainfinitive marker before a verb.
finnafindfinna · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying traktendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of finna- 42
How things turned out for all the searchers, no one can say, but one story survives about a pair of mine workers who came home late one evening to their master and told him they had found a great and mighty vein of ore in the forest.
Hurhowhur · adverbmodifies avlöptedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase Huravlöpteturned outavlöpte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceförforför · prepositionpreposition marking sökandeallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of sökandedetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of sökandeSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
sökandesearcherssökande · adjective, nominativeoblique complement of avlöptedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sägakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägaingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivedepends on avlöptemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of berättelseberättelsestoryberättelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finnsfinnssurvivesfinnas · verb, present, indicativecoordinated with avlöptekvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on finnsomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking gruvdrängarettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies gruvdrängargruvdrängarmine workersgruvdräng · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of finnssomwhosom · pronounsubject of komThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
sentlatesen · adverbmodifies enenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kvällkvälleveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on gruvdrängarhemhomehem · adverbmodifies komtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking husbondenhusbondenmasterhusbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtaladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with komomtellom · prepositiondepends on taladeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of funnitdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of funnithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of funnitfunnitfoundfinna · verb, active, supineclause modifying gruvdrängarenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of funnitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmäktigmightymäktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies malmådermalmådervein of oremalmåder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with storiini · prepositionpreposition marking skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of malmåder They had blazed a trail to it, and the next day they meant to show it to their master.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of bläckathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bläckatbläckatblazedbläcka · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on visaoppoutopp · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on bläckatOpp is a historical spelling of modern upp.
vägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of bläckattilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of bläckatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnästanextnästa · adjective, nominativemodifies dagdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bläckatvillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of visadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of visavisato showvisa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedeniten · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of visaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking husbondenhusbondenmasterhusbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of visaBut the next day was a Sunday, and the master did not want to go to the forest and search for ore that day, but instead went to church with all his household.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnästanextnästa · adjective, nominativemodifies dagdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of söndagvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to söndagenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of söndagsöndagSundaysöndag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhusbondenmasterhusbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåvillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåintenotinte · particlemodifies gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with söndagtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsökasearchsöka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gåmalmoremalm · proper noun, nominativedirect object of sökaCommon noun 'ore', mistagged as proper noun.
denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sökautanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
gickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gåiinsteadi · prepositionmodifies gickställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase itilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking kyrkankyrkanchurchkyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickmedwithmed · prepositiondepends on gickallteverythingall · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase medsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of husfolkpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
husfolkhouseholdhusfolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gickIt was winter, and they walked to church across the lake Varpan.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of vintervarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to vintervinterwintervinter · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vandradeSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vandradewanderedvandra · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with vinterTagged as an adjective but is the past tense of vandra, 'to wander/walk'.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking kyrkankyrkanchurchkyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vandradeöveracrossöver · prepositionmodifies Varpansjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase överVarpanVarpanVarpan · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of vandradeOn the way there everything went well, but on the way home both mine workers fell through into an open patch of water and drowned.
Påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking bortvägenbortvägenthe way therebortväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceallteverythingallt · adverbmodifies gickvälwellväl · adverbmodifies gickmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking hemvägenhemvägenway homehemväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of föllföllfellföll · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickbådabothbåda · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies drängarnadrängarnafarmhandsdräng · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of föllnerdownner · adverbmodifies fölliintoi · prepositionpreposition marking vakenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vakvakopen watervak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of föllAll four examples in this chunk use "vaken" as the adjective (awake), not the noun "vak" (ice-hole); the primary gloss should be "awake" here, though the ice-hole noun sense also occurs elsewhere in the book under this same conflated surface.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdrunknadedrowneddrunknad · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vakThen people began to recall the old legend of the Brother's Portion, and said that it was surely this that the men had found.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencefolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of börjadepåminnato remindpåminna · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of påminnadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sägnengamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sägnensägnenthe legendsägn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of påminnaomofom · prepositionpreposition marking brorslottenbrorslottenlion's sharebrorslott · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sägnenIdiom; historically the eldest brother's larger inheritance share.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with påminnaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varsäkertsurelysäker · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on påminnadennathisdenna · pronoun, common gender, singularcomplement of varsomthatsom · pronoundirect object of funnitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
drängarnafarmhandsdräng · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of funnithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of funnitfunnitfoundfinna · verb, active, supinerelative clause on denna- 43
To remedy all the shortcomings at the mine, the mining men set about calling in foreigners who were skilled in mining work, and these foreign masters taught them to build mine-engines that pumped away the water and hauled up the ore.
Förtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of rådaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of rådainfinitive marker before a verb.
rådato remedyråda · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on togbotremedybot · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcomplement of rådapåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking bristerallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of bristerbristershortcomingsbrist · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of botvidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking gruvangruvanthe minegruvan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bristertogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebergsmännenthe mine ownersbergsman · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of togHistorically, bergsmän were mine-owning farmers and iron producers, not ordinary miners.
sigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of togförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of kallaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kallainfinitive marker before a verb.
kallacoldkalla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on togMislemmatized: both examples ('det kalla nattkvarteret', 'i den kalla marsnatten') show the definite/inflected adjective 'kall' ('cold'), not the verb kalla ('to call'). Gloss corrected to match the attested adjective use.
ininin · adverbdepends on kallautlänningarforeignersutlänning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of kallasomwhosom · pronounsubject of kunnigaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to kunnigakunnigaskilledkunnig · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on utlänningariini · prepositionpreposition marking gruvarbetegruvarbetemining workgruvarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kunnigaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdessathesedenna · determiner, pluraldeterminer of mästareutländskaforeignutländsk · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies mästaremästaremastersmästare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of lärdelärdetaughtlära · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with togdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of lärdebyggato buildbygga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of lärdegruvkonstermine-enginesgruvkonster · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of byggaGruvkonster is an older mining term for water- and ore-lifting machinery.
somthatsom · pronounsubject of pumpadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
pumpadepumped awaypumpa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lärdebortawaybort · adverbdepends on pumpadevattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of pumpadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfraktadehauledfrakta · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies malmenoppupopp · determiner, common gender, singulardepends on fraktadeOpp is a historical spelling of modern upp.
malmenoremalm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of pumpade The strangers were not inclined to put much faith in the tale of the giant's daughters, but they did believe it possible that there was a mighty vein of ore somewhere nearby, and they searched for it with great eagerness.
Främlingarnathe strangersFrämlingarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sättavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sättaintenotinte · particlemodifies sättasättato set/putsätta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemyckenmuchmycken · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of sättalitfaithlit · adverbdirect object of sättatillfaith intill · prepositionpreposition marking sagansagantalesaga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sättaomofom · prepositionpreposition marking jättedöttrarnajättedöttrarnathe giant's daughtersjättedöttrarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies saganmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvälindeedväl · adverbmodifies troddetroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sättadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of troddeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of möjligtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of möjligtkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of möjligtvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to möjligtmöjligtpossiblemöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of troddehalf the examples (ch01-p27, ch04-p30) use the fixed idiom 'allt möjligt' = 'all sorts of/everything', not the literal 'possible' sense used in the other two.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fannsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativedepends on möjligtexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of malmådermäktigmightymäktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies malmådermalmådervein of oremalmåder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannsnågonstanssomewherenågonstans · adverbmodifies fannsiini · prepositionpreposition marking närhetennärhetenvicinitynärhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of någonstansochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of söktesöktesearchedsöka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fannsefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking dendenaen · determiner, common gender, singularoblique complement of söktemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking iverstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies iverivereagernessiv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sökteParser split 'iver' into two spurious lemmas ('iva'/'iv'); both mean eagerness.
And one evening a German mine foreman came to the lodging house by the mine and told them he had found the lion's share.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kvällkvälleveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tysktyskGermantysk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gruvfogdegruvfogdemine foremangruvfogde · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of komtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking härbärgethärbärgetthe lodging househärbärge · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of komvidbyvid · prepositionpreposition marking gruvangruvanminegruva · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationberättadetoldberättad · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with komattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of funnithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of funnithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of funnitfunnitfoundfinna · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on berättadebrorslottenlion's sharebrorslott · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of funnitIdiom; historically the eldest brother's larger inheritance share.
But the thought of the great riches he was now going to win made him quite giddy and wild.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtankenthoughttanke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordepåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking rikedomdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rikedomstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies rikedomweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
rikedomwealthrikedom · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tankensomthatsom · pronoundirect object of vinnaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vinnanunownu · adverbmodifies vinnaskullewas going toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vinnavinnawinvinna · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on tankengjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of gjordealldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies yryrgiddyyr · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gjordeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvildwildvild · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with yrHe threw a feast that same night, drank and danced and played at dice, and in the end got into a quarrel and a brawl and was stabbed to death by one of his drinking companions.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ställdeställdethrewställa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetillthrewtill · prepositionpreposition marking gästabudgästabudfeastgästabud · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ställdesammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of nattnattnightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to gästabuddrackdrankdrack · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with ställdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdansadedanceddansa · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with drackochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationspeladeplayedspela · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with dracktärningdicetärning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of speladeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies råkadesistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase tillråkadegot intoråka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ställdehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkadeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking grälgrälquarrelgräl · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of råkadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslagsmålbrawlslagsmål · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with grälochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with råkadenerstuckenstabbed to deathnerstucke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking enenaen · determiner, common gender, singularoblique complement of blevblandamongbland · prepositionpreposition marking dryckesbrödernadryckesbrödernathe drinking companionsdryckesbröderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of blev- 44
From Stora Kopparberget such a quantity of ore was constantly brought up that the mine was reckoned the richest copper mine to be found in any country.
Urout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking KopparbergetStorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies Kopparbergetweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
Kopparbergetcopper mountainkopparberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hämtadeshämtadeswas brought uphämta · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentencealltjämtstillalltjämt · adverbmodifies hämtadesenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of myckenhetsådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies myckenhetsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
myckenheta great dealmyckenhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies malmarchaic quantifier noun, 'en myckenhet X' = 'a great quantity of X'.
malmoremalm · proper noun, nominativedirect object of hämtadesCommon noun 'ore', mistagged as proper noun.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of räknadesgruvanthe minegruvan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive räknadesräknadeswas reckonedräkna · verb, past, indicative, passiveadverbial clause on hämtadesförasför · prepositionpreposition marking koppargruvadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of koppargruvarikasterichestrikaste · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies koppargruvakoppargruvacopper minekoppargruva · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of räknadessomthatsom · pronounsubject of fannsThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
fannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativerelative clause on koppargruvaexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
iini · prepositionpreposition marking landnågotanynågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fanns It brought great wealth, not only to the immediate district, but the treasures drawn from it were of great help to the Swedish realm in troubled times.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of gavgavbroughtge · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLight-verb idioms in the examples: "gav ... till ett klagoskrik" = let out a cry; "gav sig tid" = took the time — not literal "gave" in either case.
storbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies rikedomrikedomwealthrikedom · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gavintenotinte · particlemodifies traktenbarajustbara · adverbmodifies traktenåttoåt · prepositionpreposition marking traktendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of traktennärmastenearestnära · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies traktentraktenregiontrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gavutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of skatterSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
skattertreasuresskatt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with traktensomthatsom · pronounsubject of passive hämtadesThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hämtadeswere drawnhämtada · verb, past, indicative, passiverelative clause on skatterdärurfrom itdärur · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hämtadesblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to gavSverigesSweden'sSverige · proper noun, genitivepossessor of rikerikerealmrike · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of blevtillof great helptill · prepositionpreposition marking hjälpstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hjälphjälphelphjälp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blevunderinunder · prepositionpreposition marking tiderbetrycktatroubledbetryckt · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tidertidertimestid · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of blevFor its sake all of Falun town was built up, and the mine has been considered so remarkable and useful that kings used to travel to Falun to visit it, calling it Sweden's fortune and the treasure chamber of the Swedish realm.
Förforför · prepositionpreposition marking blevdessitsden · pronounpart of the phrase Förch03-p50 example 'sedan dess' means 'since then', not possessive 'its' — pinning the gloss to 'its' teaches a lie for that collocation.
skullsakeskull · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on dessonly occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'.
blevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ansettshelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies stadFaluFalun'sFalu · proper noun, genitivepossessor of stadGenitive/attributive form of the town name Falun, as in "Falu stad" = Falun town.
stadtownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevoppbyggdbuilt upoppbyggd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåsoså · adverbmodifies märkvärdigmärkvärdigremarkablemärkvärdig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnyttigusefulnyttig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with märkvärdigharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of ansettsgruvanthe minegruvan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive ansettsansettsbeen consideredanse · verb, passive, supinemain verb of the sentencevarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivemodifies ansettsattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of brukadekungarnathe kingskungarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of brukadebrukadeused tobruka · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of ansettsresato travelresa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of brukadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking FalunFalunFalunFalun · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of resamining town, capital of Dalarna.
förtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of besökaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of besökainfinitive marker before a verb.
besökavisitbesöka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on resadenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of besökaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkalladecalledkalla · verb, past, indicative, activemodifies dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularcoordinated with besökaförasför · prepositionpreposition marking lyckaSverigesSweden'sSverige · proper noun, genitivepossessor of lyckalyckafortunelycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of besökaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationSveaSwedishSvea · proper noun, nominativepossessor of skattkammarerikesthe realm'srikes · noun, genitive, neuter, singularpossessor of skattkammareskattkammaretreasure chamberskattkammare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with lycka- 45
When people thought of how much wealth had come out of the old mine, no one can wonder that those who believed a copper treasure twice as great lay nearby should be vexed that it was unattainable.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tänktemänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on undrapåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking rikedomhurhowhur · adverbmodifies myckenmyckenmuchmycken · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies rikedomrikedomwealthrikedom · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tänktesomthatsom · pronounsubject of kommitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinerelative clause on rikedomurout ofur · prepositiondepends on kommitdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gruvangamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gruvangruvanthe minegruvan · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kommitkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of undraingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of undraundrato wonderundra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencepåatpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of fannsattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fannsdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of kopparskattsomwhosom · pronounsubject of troddeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
troddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on deattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of storenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stordubbelttwicedubbel · adverbmodifies såAdverbial form dubbelt, "double, twice as much".
såasså · adverbmodifies storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying dekopparskattcopper treasurekopparskatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativeadverbial clause on undraexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
iini · prepositionpreposition marking närhetennärhetenvicinitynärhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fannsskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förargaförargabe vexedförarga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with fannssigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of förargaöverthatöver · prepositionintroduces the clause of oåtkomligattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of oåtkomligdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of oåtkomligvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to oåtkomligoåtkomliginaccessibleoåtkomlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on förarga Many risked their lives to search for it, but gained nothing by it.
Mångenmany a personMången · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vågadevågadedaredvåga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencelivetlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of vågadeförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of sökaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sökainfinitive marker before a verb.
sökasearchsöka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on vågadeefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of sökamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvanngainedvann · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vågadeingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of vanndärmedwith thatdärmed · adverbmodifies vann- 46
One of the last to see the lion's share was a young mining man of Falun, of good and wealthy family, who owned a farm and a smelting works in the town.
Enoneman · pronoun, common gender, singularhead of the phraseSurfaces are only "en"/"En" used as a counting pronoun ("en av dem" = "one of them"), not the indefinite generic pronoun man/en ("one does X"). Lemma is mistagged as man; it should be en (numeral pronoun "one"). Gloss "one" happens to still be correct.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking sistadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of sistaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
sistalastsista · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies Ensomwhosom · pronounsubject of sågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
sågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on sistapast tense of se, 'to see.'
brorslottenlion's sharebrorslott · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sågIdiom; historically the eldest brother's larger inheritance share.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to Falubergsmanenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of Falubergsmanungyoungung · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies FalubergsmanFalubergsmanFalun mine ownerFalubergsman · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Enavofav · prepositionpreposition marking släktgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies släktochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrikrichrik · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with godsläktfamilysläkt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Falubergsmansomwhosom · pronounsubject of ägdeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ägdeownedägde · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on Falubergsmangårdfarmgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ägdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhyttasmelting househytta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with gårdiini · prepositionpreposition marking stadenstadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ägde He wanted to marry a beautiful farmer's daughter from Leksand and walked there to propose to her, but she refused to marry him, because she did not want to move to Falun, where the smoke from the roasting furnaces and smelting huts lay so heavy and oppressive over the town that she grew anxious just thinking of it.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of giftavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of giftagiftato marrygifta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of giftamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking bonddotterenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bonddottervackerbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bonddotterbonddotterfarmer's daughterbonddotter · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of giftafrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking LeksandLeksandLeksandLeksand · proper noun, nominativemodifies bonddotterochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvandradewanderedvandra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with giftadittheredit · adverbmodifies vandradeförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of friaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of friainfinitive marker before a verb.
friaproposefria · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on vandradetillpropose totill · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of friamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of nekadenekaderefusedneka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with giftaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of giftainfinitive marker before a verb.
giftato marrygifta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on nekadesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of giftamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of giftadärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of flyttaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därförhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flyttaintenotinte · particlemodifies flyttavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flyttaflyttamoveflytta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on nekadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking FalunFalunFalunFalun · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of flyttamining town, capital of Dalarna.
därtheredär · adverbmodifies lågrökensmokerök · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lågfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking rostugnarrostugnarroasting furnacesrostugn · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies rökenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhyttorsmelting houseshyttor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with rostugnarlåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Falunsåsoså · adverbmodifies tungttungtheavilytung · adverbmodifies lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtryckandeoppressivetryckande · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with lågöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking stadenstadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blevhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on lågängsliganxiousängslig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevbarajustbara · adverbmodifies tänktehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ängsligpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of tänkte- 47
The mining man held her very dear, and when he turned back home, he was deeply grieved.
Bergsmannenthe mine ownerBergsmannen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllhöllheld dearhålla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of höllmycketverymycket · adverbmodifies kärkärdearkär · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of höllochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vändehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändevändeturnedväna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on bedrövadPast tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända.
tillbakabacktillbaka · adverbdepends on vändehemhomehem · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of vändevarwasvara · determiner, common gender, singularcopula linking to bedrövadmistagged as a determiner; the surface 'var' here is the past tense of vara 'to be'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bedrövaddjuptdeeplydjup · adverbmodifies bedrövadbedrövaddistressedbedrövad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with höll He had lived in Falun his whole life, and he had never thought that it could be hard to live there.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of botthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bottbottlivedbott · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceiini · prepositionpreposition marking FalunFalunFalunFalun · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of bottmining town, capital of Dalarna.
ifori · prepositionpreposition marking livhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies livsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of livpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
livlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of bottochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänktaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies tänkttänktthoughttänka · verb, active, supinecoordinated with bottpåthatpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of svårtattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of svårtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with svårtkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of svårtvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to svårtsvårtdifficultsvår · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on tänktatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of levainfinitive marker before a verb.
levato liveleva · verb, active, infinitivedepends on svårtdärtheredär · adverbmodifies levaBut now, as he approached the town, he was horrified.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of närmadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of närmadenunownu · adverbmodifies närmadenärmadeapproachednärma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blevsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of närmadestadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of närmadeblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevförfäradhorrifiedförfärad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevOut of the great mine opening, out of the hundred roasting furnaces around it, rose the heavy, stinging sulfur smoke, wrapping the whole town in a haze.
Urout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking gruvöppningendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gruvöppningenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gruvöppningenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
gruvöppningenmine openinggruvöppning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking rostugnarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of rostugnarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
hundrahundredhundra · numeral, nominativequantifies rostugnarnarostugnarnaroasting furnacesrostugn · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralin apposition to gruvöppningenomkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking uppstegdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of uppsteguppstegroseuppsteg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies rostugnarnadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of svavelrökentungaheavytung · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies svavelrökenstickandestingingsticka · adjective, nominativecoordinated with tungasvavelrökenthe sulfur smokesvavelrök · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies uppstegochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsveptewrappedsvepte · adverbcoordinated with svavelrökenhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies stadenstadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies uppstegiini · prepositionpreposition marking dimmaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dimmadimmathe fogdimma · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies uppstegThe smoke kept the plants from thriving, so that the ground lay bare and naked far and wide.
Rökenthe smokerök · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of hindradeUsed here in the singular sense despite the plural tag.
hindradehinderedhindra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceväxternaplantsväxt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hindradefrånfromfrån · prepositionintroduces the clause of trivasatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of trivasinfinitive marker before a verb.
trivasto thrivetrivas · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hindradesåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of lågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hindradebarbarebe · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on lågochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase barnakenbarenaken · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase barvidawidevid · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies omkringomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies lågSmelting huts, out of which fire blazed, and which were surrounded by black slag heaps, he saw everywhere, not only in the town and its vicinity, but throughout the whole district.
Hyttorsmelting hutsHyttor · interjectiondepends on sågurout ofur · prepositionintroduces the clause of lågadevilkawhichvilken · determiner, pluraldeterminer of lågadeeldenfireeld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase vilkalågadeblazedlåga · adjective, nominative, pluraloblique complement of HyttorThe surface lågade is a past-tense verb, despite the parser's adjective label.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of omgivnaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to omgivnaomgivnasurroundedomgiven · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with Hyttoravbyav · prepositionpreposition marking slaggvarpsvartablacksvart · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies slaggvarpslaggvarpslag heapsslaggvarp · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralagent of omgivnasågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågöverallteverywhereöverallt · adverbmodifies sågintenotinte · particlemodifies stadenbarajustbara · adverbmodifies stadeniini · prepositionpreposition marking stadenstadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdessitsden · pronounpossessor of närhetch03-p50 example 'sedan dess' means 'since then', not possessive 'its' — pinning the gloss to 'its' teaches a lie for that collocation.
närhetvicinitynärhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with stadenutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking traktenhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies traktentraktenregiontrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sågThey stood at Grycksbo, at Bengtsarvet, at Bergsgården, at Stennäset, at Korsnäs, in Vika, and all the way over to Aspeboda.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking GrycksboGrycksboGrycksboGrycksbo · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of stodvidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking BengtsarvetBengtsarvetBengtsarvetBengtsarvet · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of stodvidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking BergsgårdenBergsgårdenBergsgårdenBergsgården · proper noun, nominativemodifies Bengtsarvetvidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking StennäsetStennäsetStennäsetStennäset · proper noun, nominativemodifies Bergsgårdenvidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking KorsnäsKorsnäsKorsnäsKorsnäs · proper noun, nominativemodifies Stennäsetiini · prepositionpreposition marking VikaVikaVikavika · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of Korsnäsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationändaall the wayända · adverbmodifies bortåtbortåttowardbortåt · adverbmodifies AspebodaAspebodaAspebodaAspeboda · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with VikaHe understood that someone accustomed to living in light and greenery by the shining Lake Siljan could not thrive down here.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstodförstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of trivasdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of trivassomwhosom · pronounsubject of vanThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to vanvanused tovan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on denvidtovid · prepositionintroduces the clause of boatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of boinfinitive marker before a verb.
boto livebo · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on van"To dwell/live"; not to be confused with bo, "nest".
iini · prepositionpreposition marking ljusljuslightljus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of boochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgrönskagreenerygrönska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ljusvidbyvid · prepositionpreposition marking Siljandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of Siljanskinandeshiningskinande · adjective, nominativemodifies SiljanSiljanSiljanSiljan · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of boLake Siljan in Dalarna.
intenotinte · particlemodifies trivaskundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trivastrivasto thrivetrivas · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of förstodhärneredown herehärnere · adverbmodifies trivas- 48
The sight of the town made him even gloomier than he had been.
Åsynenthe sightÅsynen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking stadenstadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Åsynengjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of gjordeännuevenännu · adverbmodifies dystraredystraregloomierdystrare · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of gjordeänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on gjorde He felt he did not want to go straight home, but turned off the road and wandered into the forest land.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tyckteintenotinte · particlemodifies gåviljato wantvilja · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tycktehemhomehem · adverbmodifies gågenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies gåutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionpreposition marking vekfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
vekturned asidevek · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of tyckteavoffav · prepositionpart of the phrase vekfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking vägenvägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vekochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvandradewanderedvandra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vekininin · adverbdepends on vekiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking skogsmarkenskogsmarkenforest landskogsmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vekThere he roamed about the whole day without thinking about where he was going.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies strövadeströvaderoamedströva · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of strövadeomkringaroundomkring · adverbpreposition marking dagenhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of strövadeutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of tänkaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tänkainfinitive marker before a verb.
tänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on strövadepåaboutpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of gickvartwherevart · adverbmodifies gickhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tänka- 49
As evening drew on, it happened that he chanced to see a rock surface that gleamed like gold.
Närwhennär · adverbadverbial clause on händeFunctions as a subordinating conjunction, not an adverb.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase Närleddrew onled · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase NärSecond example 'när det led mot kvällen' = 'as evening drew near' is the verb lida ('led' = past tense), not the noun led — mistagged here.
mottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking aftonenaftoneneveningafton · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Närhändehappenedhäna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLemma should be hända; hände is its past tense.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of händesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of händeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of råkadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkaderåkadehappened toråka · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on händefåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of råkadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bergytabergytarock surfacebergyta · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sesomthatsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of guldglänstegleamedglänste · adverbmodifies guldliktlikelikt · adverbmodifies guldguldgoldguld · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of se When he looked more closely, he noticed that it was a mighty vein of copper ore.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of såghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on märktepast tense of se, 'to see.'
bättremore closelybra · adverbmodifies sågeftercloselyefter · prepositiondepends on sågmärktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of åderdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ådervarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to åderenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ådermäktigmightymäktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies åderåderveinåd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of märkteavofav · prepositionpreposition marking kopparmalmkopparmalmcopper orekopparmalm · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies åderAt first he was glad at the discovery, but then he came to think that this might well be the lion's share, which had brought so many to ruin, and then he grew frightened.
Förstfirstförst · adverbmodifies blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevåtatåt · prepositionpreposition marking upptäcktenupptäcktendiscoveryupptäckt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blevmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsedanthensedan · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blevhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tänkainfinitive marker before a verb.
tänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of kompåthatpå · prepositiondepends on tänkaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of brorslottendettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of brorslottentordemight well betorde · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of brorslottenvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to brorslottenbrorslottenlion's sharebrorslott · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of tänkaIdiom; historically the eldest brother's larger inheritance share.
somwhichsom · pronounsubject of bragtThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bragtbragtbroughtbragt · verb, active, supinerelative clause on brorslottensåsoså · adverbmodifies mångamångamanymånga · pronoun, pluralmodifies bragtiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking fördärvetfördärvetruinfördärv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of mångaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blevhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevskrämdfrightenedskrämd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blev'Today I may well say that misfortune pursues me,' he thought.
Itodayi · prepositionmodifies sägadagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase Imåmaymå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förföljerolyckanmisfortuneolycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förföljerförföljerpursuesförfölje · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of sägamigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of förföljertänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to förföljerhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkte'Perhaps I must now lose my life, because I have found this treasure.'
Kanskeperhapskanske · adverbhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of mistajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of mistanunownu · adverbmodifies mistamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of mistamistato losemista · verb, active, infinitivedepends on Kanskelivetlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of mistadärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of funnitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därförjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of funnitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of funnitfunnitfoundfinna · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on mistadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rikedomenhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase denrikedomenwealthrikedom · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of funnit- 50
He turned away at once and set off on the way home.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändevändeturnedvän · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceReally the past tense 'vände' of the verb vända ('to turn'), mistagged here under lemma vän.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vändegenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies vändebortawaybort · adverbmodifies vändeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbegavset offbegav · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vändeReflexive 'begav sig' = 'made his/her way, set off'; lemma should be 'begiva'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of begavpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking hemvägenhemvägenway homehemväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of begav After a while he met a tall, large woman.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komito meeti · prepositionpreposition marking mötemötegatheringmöte · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking kvinnaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of höghögtallhög · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kvinnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with högkvinnawomankvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies möteShe resembled a stately mining-wife, but he could not recall having seen her before.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of likvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to liklikresembledlik · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bergsmansmormyndigstatelymyndig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bergsmansmorbergsmansmoran ironmaster's wifebergsmansmor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of likmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of påminnakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of påminnaintenotinte · particlemodifies påminnapåminnato remindpåminna · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with liksighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of påminnaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of setthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on påminnahenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of settförutbeforeförut · adverbmodifies sett- 51
'I wonder what you've been up to in the forest,' said the woman.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undrarundrarwondersundra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of haftduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haftharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supineclausal complement of undrarförup toför · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of haftiini · prepositionpreposition marking skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of haftsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with haftkvinnanwomankvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade 'I have seen that you have been roaming about here all day.'
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of harduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of strukitstrukitroamedstrukit · verb, active, supineclausal complement of settomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies dagenhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase omkringhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of strukit— 'I have been walking about looking for a homestead,' said the mining man, 'for the girl I care for does not want to live in Falun.'
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåttharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttbeen walkinggå · verb, active, supinedepends on —ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsettseense · verb, active, supinecoordinated with gåttmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of settomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sadeefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking boplatsenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of boplatsboplatsdwelling placeboplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on settbergsmannenthe mining manbergsmann · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeförforför · prepositionpreposition marking kullandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kullankullanthe girlkulla · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sadeKulla is a traditional Dalecarlian term for a young woman.
somwhomsom · pronoundirect object of tyckerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckertyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on kullanomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking tyckervillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bointenotinte · particlemodifies boboto livebo · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sade"To dwell/live"; not to be confused with bo, "nest".
iini · prepositionpreposition marking FalunFalunFalunFalun · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of bomining town, capital of Dalarna.
— 'Are you not thinking of mining ore from the copper mountain you found a while ago?' she asked further.
Tänkerthinking ofTänker · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentence'Tänka' shifts between 'intend' (with an infinitive) and plain 'think'.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Tänkerintenotinte · particlemodifies Tänkerpåofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of brytaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of brytainfinitive marker before a verb.
brytaminebryta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on Tänkermalmoremalm · proper noun, nominativedirect object of brytaCommon noun 'ore', mistagged as proper noun.
urout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking kopparbergetkopparbergetcopper mountainkopparberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of brytasomthatsom · pronoundirect object of fannThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannfannfoundfinna · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on brytaföragoför · prepositionpreposition marking stundenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fannsedanthensedan · adverbdepends on stundfrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågadevidarefurthervidare · adverbmodifies frågade— 'No, I must give up mining, otherwise I cannot have the one I care for.'
Nejnonej · interjectionhead of the phrasejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fårfårmustfå · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to Nejlovmustlov · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fåratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of slutainfinitive marker before a verb.
slutagive upsluta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fårmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking bergshanteringenbergshanteringenminingbergshantering · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slutaannarsotherwiseannars · adverbmodifies fåkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåintenotinte · particlemodifies fåfåhavefå · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to Nejdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of fåsomwhomsom · pronoundirect object of tyckerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckertyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on denomcare forom · prepositionpreposition marking tycker— 'Well, just keep your word on that,' said the woman, 'and no harm shall come to you!'
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on händahålldirectionhåll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase Jaordwordord · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on hållmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of hållbarajustbara · adverbmodifies hållsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on händakvinnanwomankvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on händaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of händaingetnothingingen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of händaontharmont · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase ingetBoth examples ('göra oss något ont' = 'do us harm', 'inte hade förmått göra mycket ont' = 'not been able to do much harm') attest the sense 'harm', not 'pain', which was the pinned default gloss.
händato happenhända · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hända- 52
With that she left him at once.
Medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking detsammadetsammathe samedensamma · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of lämnadelämnadeleftlämna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lämnadehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lämnade But he hastened to make true what he had said, out of necessity.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skyndadeskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of skyndadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göramakegöra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of skyndadetillmake truetill · prepositionpreposition marking sanningsanningtruthsanning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of göravadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagtsagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on göraförout offör · prepositionpreposition marking nödsnödsnecessity'snöds · noun, genitive, common gender, singularoblique complement of sagtskullsakeskull · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpreposition marking sanningonly occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'.
He gave up mining copper and built himself a farm far from Falun.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of upphördeupphördestoppedupphöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking kopparhanteringenkopparhanteringencopper miningkopparhantering · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of upphördeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbyggdebuiltbygga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with upphördesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of byggdeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gårdgårdfarmgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of byggdelångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies Falunfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking FalunFalunFalunFalun · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of byggdemining town, capital of Dalarna.
And after that she, whom he cared for, had nothing against moving in with him."
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsedanthensedan · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadesomwhomsom · pronoundirect object of tyckteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hadeomcared forom · prepositiondepends on tyckteingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularcoordinated with hadeemotobject toemot · prepositionintroduces the clause of flyttaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of flyttainfinitive marker before a verb.
flyttamoveflytta · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying ingentingtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flytta- 53
With this the raven ended his story.
Härmedwith thishärmed · adverbmodifies slutadeNarrative connective ('Härmed lyfte hon vingarna' = 'With this she lifted her wings'); 'hereby' is too formal/legalistic a register for this usage.
slutadestoppedsluta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slutadesinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of berättelseberättelsestoryberättelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of slutade The boy had indeed stayed awake the whole time, but he had not driven the chisel with any particular speed.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållitverkligenreallyverkligen · adverbmodifies hållithållitstayedhålla · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceSurface "hållit" spans several idioms in this book: literal "held" (hållit trogen vakt = kept faithful watch), "hållit ut" (held out/endured), "hållit på" (had been -ing, continuous aspect), and "hållit sig" (stayed/remained). A single fixed gloss of "held" misrenders the hållit på / hållit sig examples.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of hållitvakenawakevak · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidenAll four examples in this chunk use "vaken" as the adjective (awake), not the noun "vak" (ice-hole); the primary gloss should be "awake" here, though the ice-hole noun sense also occurs elsewhere in the book under this same conflated surface.
helawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hållitmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies förthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förtförtcarriedföra · verb, active, supinecoordinated with hållitjärnetironjärn · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of förtmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking särdelessärdelesespeciallysärdeles · adverbmodifies förtstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fartfartspeedfart · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of särdeles- 54
"Well, how has it gone since then?" he asked, when the raven fell silent.
Nåwellnå · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseInterjection 'well/now then', mistagged as a noun.
hurhowhur · adverbmodifies gåttharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gåttgåttgonegå · verb, active, supineparallel clause to Nåsedanthensedan · adverbmodifies gåttfrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågadenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tystnadekorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tystnadetystnadefell silenttystna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on frågade - 55
"Well, things have gone downhill with the copper production since that time.
Jowell/yesjo · interjectionlinks the coordinationused to affirm or answer a question, often contradicting an implied doubt.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gåttharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttgone downhillgå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on utförutfördownutföra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceFunctions here as the adverb/preposition "down" (utför trappan/kullen), not the unrelated verb utföra ("to perform").
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking koppartillverkningenkoppartillverkningenthe copper productionkoppartillverkning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utförsedansincesedan · prepositionpreposition marking tidenAlso glossed as preposition (since/for/ago), but example ch03-p30-s3 ('Han följde sedan barnen...') uses sedan adverbially to mean 'then/afterward', a sense the original senses list omitted.
denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utför Falun town, it's still standing, of course.
FaluFalun'sFalu · proper noun, genitivepossessor of stadGenitive/attributive form of the town name Falun, as in "Falu stad" = Falun town.
stadtownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on stårdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejuof courseju · adverbmodifies stårBut all the old smelting huts are gone.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of hyttornadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of hyttornaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
gamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hyttornahyttornathe smelting hutshyttorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of bortaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to bortabortagoneborta · adverbhead of the phraseThe whole district is scattered over with old mining-men's farms, but those who live on them have to devote themselves to farming or forestry instead.
Helawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies traktentraktenregiontrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of översålladärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to översålladöversålladstrewnöversålla · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking bergsmansgårdargamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bergsmansgårdarbergsmansgårdarironmasters' farmsbergsmansgård · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralagent of översålladmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fårsomwhosom · pronounsubject of borThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
borlivesbo · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on depåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of borfårhave tofå · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with översålladlovhave tolov · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fåratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ägnainfinitive marker before a verb.
ägnadevoteägna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fårsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ägnaåttoåt · prepositionpreposition marking jordbrukjordbrukagriculturejordbruk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ägnaelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskogshanteringforestryskogshantering · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with jordbrukIn the Falun mine the ore is running out.
Iini · prepositionpreposition marking gruvaFaluFalun'sFalu · proper noun, genitivepossessor of gruvaGenitive/attributive form of the town name Falun, as in "Falu stad" = Falun town.
gruvaminegruva · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hållerhållerkeepshålla · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemalmenoremalm · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hållerpårunning outpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of taatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tainfinitive marker before a verb.
tato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hållerslutendslut · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies taIt would be more needed now than ever that someone should find out about the Brother's Portion."
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of välbehövligtvorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to välbehövligtmermoremycket · adverbmodifies välbehövligtvälbehövligtnecessaryvälbehövlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of någonsinnågonsinevernågonsin · adverbadverbial clause on välbehövligtattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of funnemansomeoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of funnefunnemight findfunne · verb, active, infinitivedepends on välbehövligtFunne is a past subjunctive form of finna.
redafind outreda · adverbdepends on funnepart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking brorslottenbrorslottenlion's sharebrorslott · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of funneIdiom; historically the eldest brother's larger inheritance share.
- 56
"I wonder if that mining man was the last one to see it," said the boy.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undrarundrarwondersundra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceomifom · prepositionintroduces the clause of sadedeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of sadedärtheredär · adverbmodifies sistebergsmannenthe mining manbergsmann · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sistevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to sistedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sistesistethe lastsiste · adjective, nominative, superlativerelative clause on densomwhosom · pronounsubject of sågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
sågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on denpast tense of se, 'to see.'
denitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of sågsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on undrarpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade - 57
"I'll tell you who last saw it, once you've chopped a hole in the wall and let me out," said Bataki.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of talatalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceomtellom · prepositiondepends on talaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talavemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of talasomwhosom · pronounsubject of settThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supinerelative clause on vemdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sistsistlastsist · adverbmodifies settnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of huggitduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of huggitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of huggithuggitchoppedhugga · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sisthålholehål · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of huggitpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking väggenväggenwallvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of huggitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsläpptlet outsläppa · verb, active, supinecoordinated with huggitutoutut · adverbdepends on släpptmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of släpptsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to talaBatakiBatakibataki · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sadeName of the raven Bataki; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a common noun.
- 58
The boy gave a start and began to work a little more briskly.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasespratttrickspratt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies Pojkentillstarttill · prepositionpreposition marking sprattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with Pojkenarbetaworkarbeta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadeliteta littlelitet · adverbmodifies raskareraskarefasterraskare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of arbeta He thought Bataki had said that in a strangely meaningful tone.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sagtBatakiBatakiBataki · proper noun, nominativesubject of sagthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagtsagtsaidsag · verb, active, supineclausal complement of tyckteLemma is a truncated form of säga; surface sagt is the supine, 'said'.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sagtdärtheredär · adverbmodifies sagtiini · prepositionpreposition marking tonenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tonunderligtstrangeunderlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies menandemenandemeaningfulmena · adjective, nominativemodifies tontontoneton · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sagtIt sounded almost as if he wanted to let the boy understand that he, the raven, had seen the great vein of ore.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of lätlätsoundedlät · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies lätsomassom · pronounsubject of låtaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of låtahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låtavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of låtalåtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on lätpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of låtaförståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låtaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of setthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settkorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hanhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on lätdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of malmådernstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies malmådernweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
malmådernvein of oremalmåder · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of settCould he have had some particular purpose in telling him that story?
Kundecouldkunde · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hafthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencenågonsomenågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of meningsärskildparticularsärskild · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies meningmeningpurposemening · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haftmedwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of berättatattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of berättathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of berättathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of berättatberättattoldberätta · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on haftdeniten · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of berättatdärtheredär · adverbmodifies honomhistorienthe storyhistorie · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase därförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of berättat- 59
"You must have traveled a great deal around this district," said the boy, to get a bit of clarity on the matter.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of faritharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of faritvisstcertainlyviss · adverbmodifies faritsurface visst here is the adverb 'certainly/surely', not the adjective viss 'certain'.
farittraveledfarid · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencemycketa great dealmycket · adverbmodifies omkringomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies härhärherehär · adverboblique complement of faritiini · prepositionpreposition marking traktentraktenregiontrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of härsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with faritpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of fåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fågetfå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sadeliteta bitliten · adverbmodifies klarhetthis type bundles the positive and comparative degree forms (litet, mindre) under one entry.
klarhetclarityklarhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåiabouti · prepositionpreposition marking sakensakenthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of få "You have surely found this and that, while soaring over the forests and mountains around here."
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of funnitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of funnitnogsurelynog · adverbmodifies funnitfunnitfoundfinna · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencebådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationettaen · numeral, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with funnitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with ettmedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of svävatduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svävatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of svävatsvävathoveredsvävat · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on funnitöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking skogarnaskogarnaforestsskog · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of svävatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbergenmountainberg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with skogarnahäromkringaround herehäromkring · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies skogarna- 60
"I could certainly show you a good many remarkable things, if only you finish your work," said the raven.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visaskullecouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of visanogcertainlynog · adverbmodifies visakunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of visavisato showvisa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of visarätta good manyrätt · adverbmodifies märkvärdigtmycketa good manymycket · adverbmodifies märkvärdigtmärkvärdigtremarkablemärkvärdig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of visabarajustbara · adverbmodifies blirduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to visafärdigreadyfärdig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blirmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking arbetedittyourdu · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of arbetesurface ditt is the neuter possessive 'your', not the pronoun 'you'.
arbeteworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of färdigsadesaidsa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with visakorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade - 61
The boy began to chop with such eagerness that chips flew around him.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehuggato chophugga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking iversådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies iversån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
ivereagernessiva · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of huggaParser split 'iver' into two spurious lemmas ('iva'/'iv'); both mean eagerness.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of flögoflisornachipsflisorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of flögoflögoflewflögoa · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on börjadeArchaic plural past tense of flyga "to fly"; mislabeled as present tense.
omkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flögo Now he had become quite certain that the raven had found the Brother's Portion.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceriktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies vissvisscertain/sureviss · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitpåthatpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of funnitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of funnitkorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of funnithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of funnitfunnitfoundfinna · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on vissbrorslottenlion's sharebrorslott · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of funnitIdiom; historically the eldest brother's larger inheritance share.
"It's a real pity that you, being a raven, won't be able to get any enjoyment out of the wealth you have found," he said.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with syndärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to syndbrarealbra · adjective, nominativemodifies syndsynda pitysynd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of göraduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of görasomwhosom · pronounsubject of korpThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to korpenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of korpkorpravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on duintenotinte · particlemodifies göraskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of görakunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of göragöragetgöra · verb, active, infinitivedepends on synddigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of göranågonanynågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of glädjeglädjejoyglädje · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of göraavout ofav · prepositionpreposition marking rikedomendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rikedomenrikedomenwealthrikedom · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of görasomthatsom · pronoundirect object of funnitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of funnitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of funnitfunnitfoundfinna · verb, active, supinerelative clause on rikedomensadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with syndhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade- 62
"I don't want to talk any more about this matter, until I see that you can chop a hole in the wall and let me out," said the raven.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of talaintenotinte · particlemodifies talatalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemerany moremycket · adverbmodifies talaomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking sakendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sakenhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase densakenthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talaförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies serused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on talaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of huggaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of huggakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of huggahuggato chophugga · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of serhålholehål · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of huggapåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking väggenväggenwallvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of huggaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsläppalet outsläppa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with huggautoutut · adverbdepends on släppamigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of släppasadesaidsa · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to talakorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade - 63
The boy worked so hard that the chisel grew burning hot.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of arbetadearbetadeworkedarbeta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of blevattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såjärnetironjärn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on arbetadebrännandeburningbrännande · adjective, nominativemodifies varmtvarmtwarmvarm · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of blev He thought he could easily guess Bataki's meaning.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tycktelätteasilylätt · adverbmodifies tycktekunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of gissagissaguessgissa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tyckteBatakisBataki'sBatakis · proper noun, genitivepossessor of meningmeningmeaningmening · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseThe raven surely could not mine ore for his own account, and so it was certainly his intention to give the discovery to Nils Holgersson.
Korpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brytakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of brytajusurelyju · adverbmodifies brytaintenotinte · particlemodifies brytabrytaminebryta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemalmoremalm · proper noun, nominativedirect object of brytaCommon noun 'ore', mistagged as proper noun.
förforför · prepositionpreposition marking räkningegenownegen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies räkningräkningfor himselfräkning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of brytaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärförsodärför · adverbmodifies avsiktvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to avsiktdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with avsiktsäkertsurelysäker · adverbmodifies avsikthanshishan · pronounpossessor of avsiktavsiktintentionavsikt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with brytaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of skänkainfinitive marker before a verb.
skänkato giveskänka · verb, active, infinitivedepends on avsiktupptäcktendiscoveryupptäckt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skänkatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking NilsNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativemodifies upptäcktenHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on NilsThat was surely both the most likely and the most reasonable thing.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of troligastevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to troligastejusurelyju · adverbmodifies varbådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of troligastetroligastemost likelytroligaste · adjective, nominative, superlativehead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrimligastemost reasonablerimlig · adjective, nominative, superlativecoordinated with troligasteBut if the boy now learned the secret, then he would come back here, as soon as he had become a human again, and find out about the great wealth.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vetapojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetanunownu · adverbmodifies vetaficklearnedfå · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vetavetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitivedepends on kommahemlighetensecrethemlighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of vetadåthendå · adverbmodifies kommaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencetillbakabacktillbaka · adverbdepends on kommahitherehit · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kommasåasså · adverbmodifies snartsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies blivitsomassom · adverbpart of the phrase snartAdverbial/conjunctive use of som ('as/just as'), distinct from its usual relative-pronoun sense.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on kommamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitigenagainigen · adverbmodifies människaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtato taketa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with blivitredafind outreda · adverbdepends on tapart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking rikedomendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rikedomenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies rikedomenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
rikedomenwealthrikedom · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of taAnd when he had earned enough money, he would buy up all of Västra Vemmenhög parish and build a castle there, as grand as Vittskövle.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on förtjänatförtjänatearnedförtjäna · verb, active, supinepart of the phrase Ochtillräckligtsufficientlytillräcklig · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies pengarpengarmoneypengar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of förtjänatsåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on köpaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of köpahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of köpaköpato buyköpa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceininin · adverbdepends on köpahelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies VästraVästrawesternVästra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sockenused only as part of the place name Västra Vemmenhög.
VemmenhögsVemmenhög'sVemmenhögs · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sockensockenparishsocke · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of köpaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbyggato buildbygga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with köpaettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of slottslottcastleslott · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of byggadärtheredär · adverbmodifies byggasåasså · adverbmodifies stortstortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies köpasomassom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking VittskövleVittskövleVittskövleVittskövle · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of köpaAnd one day he would invite the cottager Holger Nilsson and his wife to the castle.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bjudaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bjudahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bjudabjudato offerbjuda · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencehusmancottagerhusman · noun, nominative, common gender, singularindirect object of bjudaHolgerHolgerHolger · proper noun, nominativedirect object of bjudaGiven name, father Holger Nilsson.
NilssonNilssonNilsson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Holgersurname, as in Holger Nilsson, Nils's father.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanshishan · pronounpossessor of hustruhustruwifehustru · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Holgertilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativemodifies hustrupåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking slottetslottetcastleslott · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies HolgerAnd when they came walking up, he would stand on the steps and say: "Please, come in, and make yourselves at home here!"
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionmodifies stådetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of kommekommewould comekomme · verb, present, indicative, activepart of the phrase närarchaic subjunctive/conditional form of komma.
vandrandewalkingvandra · adjective, nominativepart of the phrase närPresent participle 'vandrande' of 'vandra' (to walk/wander); mistagged as an adjective.
skullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ståhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ståståstandstå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking trappantrappanthe staircasetrappan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ståochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with ståVarbevar · pronoun, common gender, singularhead of the phrase"var" is both the interrogative/relative adverb "where" and the past tense of vara ("was"); the parser conflated the two under one type.
såpleaseså · adverbmodifies godagodagoodgod · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with Varochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstigcome instig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with godaMostly the noun 'stig' (path), mistagged as an adjective; one example is instead the imperative 'stig opp!' (get up!) of the verb stiga.
ininin · adverbpart of the phrase Varochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarwasvara · adverbcoordinated with VarThis is the past tense "var" of vara ("to be"), not an adverb; the parser mistagged it.
somatsom · conjunctionpart of the phrase varhemmaat homehemma · adverbmodifies varhärherehär · adverbmodifies varAnd of course they would not recognize him, but wonder who the fine gentleman was who had invited them.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kännaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kännaförståsof courseförstås · adverbmodifies kännaintenotinte · particlemodifies kännakännato feelkänna · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceigenagainigen · adverbdepends on kännahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of kännautanbut ratherutan · conjunctionintroduces the clause of undrafollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
undrato wonderundra · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kännavemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singulardepends on bjuditdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of herrnfinafinefin · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies herrnherrnthe gentlemanherrn · adverbpart of the phrase vemMistagged as adverb; this is 'herre' with the definite suffix, meaning 'the gentleman/master'.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to vemsomwhosom · pronounsubject of bjuditThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bjuditbjuditinvitedbjudit · verb, active, supineclausal complement of undrademthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of bjudit"Wouldn't you like to live in a place like this?" he would then say.
SkullewouldSkulle · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tyckaniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
intenotinte · particlemodifies tyckatyckato thinktycka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceomlikeom · prepositiondepends on tyckaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of boinfinitive marker before a verb.
boto livebo · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of tycka"To dwell/live"; not to be confused with bo, "nest".
påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking ställeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ställesådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ställehärthis kind ofhär · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase sådantställeplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of boskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägadåthendå · adverbmodifies sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivedepends on »— "Of course, but it's not for the likes of us," they would answer.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of förstårförstårunderstand(s)förstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of förstårmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of någotärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to någotintenotinte · particlemodifies någotnågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singularcoordinated with förstårförforför · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of någotskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of svaradetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of svarasvarato answersvara · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with förstår— "Yes it is.
Jowell/yesjo · interjectiondepends on detused to affirm or answer a question, often contradicting an implied doubt.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of detärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phraseIt's meant that you should get this place in payment for the great white gander that flew away a couple of years back," he would say.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with meningenärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to meningenmeningenmeantmening · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
skawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfågetfå · verb, active, infinitivedepends on meningendetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of fåhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase detställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase detiini · prepositionpreposition marking betalningbetalningpaymentbetalning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fåförforför · prepositionpreposition marking gåskarlendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåskarlenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gåskarlenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
vitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gåskarlengåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies betalningmorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
somthatsom · pronounsubject of flögThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
flögflewflög · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on gåskarlenActually the past tense of flyga ('to fly'), mistagged here as present.
bortawaybort · adverbdepends on flöghäromåreta few years agohäromår · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of flögskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to meningen- 64
The boy plied the chisel ever more nimbly.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sköttesköttepliedsköta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencethis type mixes two different verbs that share the past-tense surface sköt; skötte is unambiguously 'tended'.
järnetironjärn · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of skötteallteverallt · adverbdeterminer of flinkareflinkaremore nimblyflinkare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skötte The next thing he would use the money for was to build a new cottage on the heather moor in Sunnerbo for Åsa the goose girl and little Mats.
Detaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of nästanästanextnästa · adjective, nominativemodifies gåsapigasomthatsom · pronoundirect object of användaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of användaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of användaanvändauseanvända · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on nästapengarnamoneypengar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of användatillfortill · prepositionpreposition marking användavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeintroduces the clause of byggaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of byggainfinitive marker before a verb.
byggato buildbygga · verb, active, infinitivedepends on nästaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stuganynewny · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stugastugacottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of byggapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking ljunghedenljunghedenheathljunghede · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of byggaiini · prepositionpreposition marking SunnerboSunnerboSunnerboSunnerbo · proper noun, nominativemodifies ljunghedenåtforåt · prepositionpreposition marking ÅsaÅsaÅsaÅsa · proper noun, nominativemodifies ljunghedengåsapigagoose girlgåsapig · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseMistagged as an adjective; gåsapiga is the noun "goose girl" (a herding role), always paired with a name (Åsa gåsapiga).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlillelittlelille · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularcoordinated with gåsapigaMatsMatsMats · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with gåsapigaMuch bigger and finer than the old one, of course.
MycketmuchMycket · adverbmodifies störrestörrebiggerstor · adjective, nominative, comparativehead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfinarefinerfin · adjective, nominative, comparativecoordinated with störreänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gamladenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gamlagamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularadverbial clause on störreförståsof courseförstås · adverbmodifies gamlaAnd then he would buy up all of Lake Tåkern and give it to the ducks, and then...
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies köpaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of köpahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of köpaköpato buyköpa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceininin · adverbdepends on köpahelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies TåkernTåkernTåkernTåkern · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of köpaProper name of a lake.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgeto givege · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with köpadenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of getilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ändernaändernathe ducksänderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of geochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies och- 65
"Now I must say you have worked at a good pace," said the raven.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies sägafårmustfå · verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of arbetatduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of arbetatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of arbetatarbetatworkedarbeta · verb, active, supineclausal complement of sägamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking fartgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fartfartspeedfart · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of arbetatsadesaidsa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with arbetatkorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade "I believe the hole is already big enough."
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of storthåletholehål · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of stortärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to storttillräckligtsufficientlytillräcklig · adverbmodifies stortstortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of trorallaredanalreadyallareda · adverbmodifies stortOlder form of modern Swedish redan.
- 66
The raven did indeed manage to squeeze his way out.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of lyckadeslyckadesmanagedlyckades · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceverkligenreallyverkligen · adverbmodifies lyckadesförforför · prepositionpreposition marking korpenkorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lyckadesatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of trängainfinitive marker before a verb.
trängato force one's waytränga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of lyckadessighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of trängautoutut · adverbmodifies tränga The boy followed after and then saw Bataki sitting on a stone a couple of steps farther off.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of följdeföljdefollowedfölja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceefterafterefter · prepositiondepends on följdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with följdepast tense of se, 'to see.'
dåthendå · adverbintroduces the clause of sittaBatakiBatakiBataki · proper noun, nominativesubject of sittasittato sitsitta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of sågpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking stenenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stenstenstonesten · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sittaettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies stegstegstepsstiga · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of sitta'Steg' = steps/paces, despite the lemma 'stiga' (to climb/rise).
längrefartherlänge · adverbmodifies stegbortawaybort · adverbmodifies steg- 67
"I will now keep my promise to you, Thumbietot," said Bataki very solemnly, "and tell you that I have seen the Brother's Portion.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hållaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållanunownu · adverbmodifies hållahållato keephålla · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemittmymig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of löfteNeuter form of the possessive min ("my"), not the object pronoun mig.
löftepromiselöfte · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hållatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hållaTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with hållathe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
sadesaidsade · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to hållaBatakiBatakibataki · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sadeName of the raven Bataki; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a common noun.
mycketverymycket · adverbmodifies högtidligthögtidligtsolemnlyhögtidlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sadeomtellom · prepositionpreposition marking talaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of settjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hållabrorslottenlion's sharebrorslott · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of settIdiom; historically the eldest brother's larger inheritance share.
But I do not want to advise you to begin searching for it, for it cost me years of effort before I found out where it was."
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rådavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of rådaintenotinte · particlemodifies rådarådato adviseråda · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of rådaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of börjainfinitive marker before a verb.
börjato beginbörja · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on rådaletato searchleta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjaefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of letaförforför · prepositionpreposition marking kostadedetaen · determiner, neuter, singularexpletive with kostadekostadecostkosta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with rådamigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of kostadeåratalsyears ofåratal · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of arbetearbeteworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kostadeinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fickjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickfound outfå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kostaderedafind outreda · adverbdepends on fickpart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påwherepå · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of fick- 68
"I thought you were going to tell me where it was, as a reward for having helped you out of captivity," said the boy.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of taladuyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talaskullewere going toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of talatalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of tänkteomtellom · prepositiondepends on talaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to fannsdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativeclausal complement of talaexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
somassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lönlönrewardlön · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to fannsförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of hjälptattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hjälptjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hjälptharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hjälpthjälpthelpedhjälpa · verb, active, supineclause modifying löndigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälpturout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking fångenskapenfångenskapencaptivityfångenskap · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hjälptsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to tänktepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade - 69
"You must have been quite sleepy while I was telling about the lion's share," said Bataki.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sömnigmåttemustmåtte · particlemodifies sömnigModal particle expressing a confident inference (must have) or, rarely, a wish (may).
hahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of sömnigvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to sömnigbraquitebra · adjective, nominativemodifies sömnigsömnigsleepysömnig · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseAdjective 'sleepy/drowsy', despite the noun tag.
medanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of berättadejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of berättadeberättadetoldberätta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sömnigomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking brorslottenbrorslottenlion's sharebrorslott · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of berättadeIdiom; historically the eldest brother's larger inheritance share.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sömnigBatakiBatakibataki · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sadeName of the raven Bataki; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a common noun.
"Otherwise you surely wouldn't have expected anything of the kind.
Annarsotherwiseannars · adverbmodifies väntatskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of väntatduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väntatvälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies väntatintenotinte · particlemodifies väntathahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of väntatväntatexpectedvänta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencenågotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sådantsådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of väntatDidn't you notice that everyone who has wanted to reveal where the Brother's Portion lay has met with misfortune?
MärktenoticedMärkte · verb, past, indicative, activesubject of råkatduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Märkteintenotinte · particlemodifies Märkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of uppenbaraallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of dedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of uppenbarasomwhosom · pronounsubject of velatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of velatvelatwantedvela · verb, active, supinerelative clause on delemma should be vilja 'to want'; velat is its supine form.
uppenbararevealuppenbar · adjective, nominative, pluralclausal complement of Märktevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeintroduces the clause of fannsbrorslottenlion's sharebrorslott · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannsIdiom; historically the eldest brother's larger inheritance share.
fannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativeadverbial clause on Märkteexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkatråkatmet withråka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceiini · prepositionpreposition marking olyckaolyckamisfortuneolycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of råkatNo indeed!
Nejnonej · interjectionhead of the phraseduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to NejBataki has lived so long on this earth that he has learned to hold his tongue."
BatakiBatakibataki · proper noun, nominativesubject of levatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of levatlevatlivedlevat · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseMistagged as a noun; this is the supine of the verb 'leva' ('to live').
såsoså · adverbmodifies längelängelonglänge · adverbmodifies levatpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking jordenjordenearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of levatattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lärthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lärtharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lärtlärtlearnedlära · verb, active, supinedepends on levatsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of lärtatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hållainfinitive marker before a verb.
hållato hold his tonguehålla · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of lärtmunmouthmun · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hålla- 70
With that he lifted his wings and flew away.
Därmedwith thatdärmed · adverbmodifies lyftelyfteliftedlyfte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lyftevingarnathe wingsvingarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of lyftelemma should be vinge 'wing'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationflögflewflög · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with lyfteActually the past tense of flyga ('to fly'), mistagged here as present.
sinawaysig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of vägvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of flög - 71
Akka stood sleeping on the ground beside Svavelkoket, but it was a long while before the boy went up and woke her.
AkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of stodproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
stodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsovsleptsov · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sovbredvidbesidebredvid · prepositionpreposition marking SvavelkoketSvavelkoketSvavelkoketSvavelkoket · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of sovmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with dröjdedröjdedelayeddröjde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundlånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dröjdeinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gickpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on stodframforwardfram · adverbdepends on gickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationväcktewokeväcka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickhenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of väckte He was despondent and sad, because he had missed out on the great wealth, and felt that he had nothing to be glad about.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of missmodigvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to missmodigmissmodigdownheartedmissmodig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsorgsensadsorgse · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with missmodigdärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of gåttattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därförhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttmissed outgå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on missmodigmistemissed outmiste · adverbdepends on gåttomout onom · prepositionpreposition marking rikedomendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rikedomenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies rikedomenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
rikedomenwealthrikedom · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gåttattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of glädjahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of glädjaingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies glädjahadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of glädjaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of glädjainfinitive marker before a verb.
glädjato delightglädja · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gåttsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of glädjaåtaboutåt · prepositiondepends on glädja"I don't believe the story of the giant's daughters is true," he said to himself, "and I don't believe in wolves and thin ice, but I do believe that when poor mine workers have found the great vein of ore in the middle of the wild forest, they have become so giddy with joy that afterward they haven't been able to find their way back to it.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies trorattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of santdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of santärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to santsanttruesand · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of trorlemma mislabeled 'sand'; the actual word is the neuter form of 'sann' (true).
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking jättedöttrarnajättedöttrarnathe giant's daughtersjättedöttrarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of santsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to trorhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of sadesjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sigochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sadeintenotinte · particlemodifies trorpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking vargarvargarwolvesvarg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of trorochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsvagathinsvag · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies isarisariceis · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with vargarmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of funnitnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of funnitfattigapoorfattig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gruvarbetaregruvarbetareminersgruvarbetare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of funnitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of funnitfunnitfoundfinna · verb, active, supineclausal complement of trordenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of malmådernstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies malmådernweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
malmådernvein of oremalmåder · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of funnitmittin the middlemitt · adverbmodifies malmåderniini · prepositionpreposition marking skogenvildawildvild · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies mittharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineparallel clause to trorsåsoså · adverbmodifies yrayradizzyyra · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of blivitavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking glädjeglädjejoyglädje · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies yraattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hittadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hittasedanthensedan · adverbmodifies hittaintenotinte · particlemodifies hittaharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hittakunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of hittahittafind the wayhitta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on blivitredafind outreda · adverbdepends on hittapart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påback topå · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of hittaAnd I believe that the disappointment has become so hard for them that they haven't been able to go on living.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivitmissräkningendisappointmentmissräkning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineclausal complement of trorsåsoså · adverbmodifies svårsvårhardsvår · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitförforför · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of svårattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of levadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of levaintenotinte · particlemodifies levaharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of levakunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of levalevato liveleva · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of blivitThat's how I feel about it."
Förforför · prepositionpreposition marking såsåthat wayså · adverboblique complement of kännerkännerfeelskänna · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kännerdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of känner
The particulars
- The text
- Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige, Selma Lagerlöf. The Wonderful Adventures of Nils.
- Translation
- Public-domain Swedish (Lagerlöf, d. 1940; published 1906–07). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
- Words
- Every word of the text, by letter.
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