Swedish · The Wonderful Adventures of Nils
I Uppsala
In Uppsala
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At that time, when Nils Holgersson was traveling through the land with the wild geese, there lived in Uppsala just such a splendid young student.
Påatpå · prepositionpreposition marking tidendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fannsdåwhendå · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of drogNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativesubject of drogHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilsdrogpulleddra · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on tidengenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of drogmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of drogattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
fannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsiini · prepositionpreposition marking UppsalaUppsalaUppsalaUppsala · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of fannsSwedish university city.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of studentsådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies studentsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
präktigsplendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies studentungyoungung · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies studentstudentstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of fanns He lived in a little attic room and was so frugal that people said he lived on next to nothing.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of boddeboddelivedbodde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking vindsrumettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of vindsrumlitetlittleliten · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies vindsrumvindsrumattic roomvindsrum · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of boddeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarwasvara · adverbcopula linking to sparsamThis is the past tense "var" of vara ("to be"), not an adverb; the parser mistagged it.
såsoså · adverbmodifies sparsamsparsamfrugalsparsam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with boddeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sadefolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sparsamattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of levdehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of levdelevdelivedleva · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of sadepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking ingentingraktnext torak · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ingentingingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of levdeHe attended to his studies with zest and pleasure and got through them faster than anyone else.
Studiernathe studiesStudierna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of skötteskötteattended tosköta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencethis type mixes two different verbs that share the past-tense surface sköt; skötte is unambiguously 'tended'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sköttemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking livlivzestliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of skötteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlustdesirelust · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with livochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sköttefortarefastfort · adverbmodifies blevfärdigreadyfärdig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of färdigänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of annannågonanyonenågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of annanannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying demBut he was not for that reason some grind or a stick-in-the-mud, for he also knew how to enjoy himself with his comrades.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of plugghästvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to plugghästintenotinte · particlemodifies plugghästnågonsomenågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of plugghästplugghästgrindplugghäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseA disparaging term for someone who studies excessively.
elleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdöddansarestick-in-the-muddöddans · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with plugghästfördenskullfor that reasonfördenskull · adverbmodifies plugghästutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstodförstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with plugghästsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of förstodocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies förstodpåhow topå · prepositionintroduces the clause of roaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of roainfinitive marker before a verb.
roato amuseroa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on förstodsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of roamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking kamratersinahissig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of kamraterkamratercompanionskamrat · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of roaHe was truly as a student ought to be.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sådanvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to sådanriktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies sådansådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
somassom · subordinating conjunctiondirect object of varaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of studentstudentstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varabörought toböra · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varavarabevara · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sådanThere was nothing at all wrong with him, unless it was that he had been spoiled by good fortune.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceallsat allalls · adverbmodifies varintetnothinginte · adverbdepends on vararchaic neuter form intet functions both as the determiner 'no/none' and, before 'annat', as the pronoun 'nothing'; examples in this chunk show both uses, not just 'no'.
felwrongfel · adverbmodifies varpåwrong withpå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of varomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with detintenotinte · particlemodifies detskullewasskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of detvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularadverbial clause on varattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bortskämdhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bortskämdhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bortskämdblivitbecomebli · auxiliary verb, active, supinepassive auxiliary of bortskämdbortskämdspoiledbortskämd · verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominativeclause modifying detavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking medgångenmedgångenthe good fortunemedgång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularagent of bortskämdBut such a thing can happen to the best of men.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsådantsuch a thingsån · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of händakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of händahändato happenhända · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bästebästethe bestbäste · adjective, nominative, superlativedirect object of händaHappiness is not so easy to bear, especially in youth.
Lyckanhappinesslycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lättärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to lättintenotinte · particlemodifies lättsåsoså · adverbmodifies lättlätteasylätt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasech01-p14 'ett lätt buller' renders as 'a faint noise' in the translation, a distinct sense from weight/air-lightness or ease.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bärainfinitive marker before a verb.
bärato carrybära · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on lättframförin front offramför · prepositionmodifies bäraallteverythingall · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase framförintenotinte · particlemodifies framföriini · prepositionpreposition marking ungdomenungdomenyouthungdom · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of framför- 2
One morning, shortly after the student had woken, he lay thinking about how excellently things were going for him.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of morgonmorgonmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasestraxshortlystrax · adverbmodifies vaknatsedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vaknatstudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vaknathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vaknatvaknatwokenvakna · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on morgonlåglowlåg · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with vaknathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vaknatpåaboutpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of utmärkthurhowhur · adverbmodifies utmärktutmärktexcellentlyutmärkt · adverbmodifies hadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vaknatdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hade »Everyone likes me, both comrades and teachers,» he said to himself.
Allaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of tyckertyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceomlikeom · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tyckerbådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkamratercompanionskamrat · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with migochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlärareteacherslärare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with kamratersadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tyckerhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of sadesjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sig»And how splendidly my studies have gone!
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåhowså · adverbmodifies förträffligtförträffligtsplendidförträfflig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesomhowsom · pronoundirect object of gåttThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gåttharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttgonegå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on förträffligtförforför · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåttmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking studiernastudiernamy studiesstudi · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gåttToday I'm to go up for my examination for the last time, and after that I'll soon be done.
Itodayi · prepositionmodifies oppdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase Iskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of oppjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of oppoppupopp · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemistagged as a verb; this is the dialectal/colloquial adverb opp, a variant of upp 'up'.
ifori · prepositionpreposition marking tentamententamenexaminationtentame · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of oppförforför · prepositionpreposition marking gångensistalastsista · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies gångengångentimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of oppochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsedanthensedan · adverbmodifies färdigärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to färdigjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of färdigsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies färdigfärdigreadyfärdig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with oppAnd if only I finish in time, I'll get a position at once with a fine salary.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blirbarajustbara · adverbmodifies blirfärdigreadyfärdig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bliriini · prepositionpreposition marking tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of färdigfårwill getfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to blirjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fårgenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies fårenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of platsplatsplaceplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fårmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking lönstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lönlönsalarylön · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies platsIt's remarkable what luck I have.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sådanärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to sådanmärkvärdigtremarkablymärkvärdig · adverbmodifies sådansådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tursån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
turlucktur · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of harjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceBut then I also manage myself so well that nothing but good fortune can come of it for me.»
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sköterskötertakes care ofsköta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sköterjuafter allju · adverbmodifies sköterocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies skötersåsoså · adverbmodifies välvälwellväl · adverbmodifies sköterattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gådetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gåintenotinte · particlemodifies gåkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of sköterannatotherwiseannan · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies lyckligtänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase annatlyckligtgood fortunelycklig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of gåförforför · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gå- 3
The students in Uppsala do not sit together in classrooms and study like schoolchildren, but study each on his own at home in his room.
Studenternathe studentsStudenterna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sittaiini · prepositionpreposition marking UppsalaUppsalaUppsalaUppsala · proper noun, nominativemodifies StudenternaSwedish university city.
sittato sitsitta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies sittaiini · prepositionpreposition marking klassrumklassrumclassroomsklassrum · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of sittaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationläsato readläsa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sittamångamanymånga · pronoun, pluraldirect object of läsatillsammanstogethertillsammans · adverbmodifies skolbarnsomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skolbarnskolbarnschoolchildrenskolbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of läsautanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of studerastuderastudystudera · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sittavarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of studerathe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
föreachför · prepositionpart of the phrase varsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativepart of the phrase varhemmaat homehemma · adverbmodifies studerapåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking rumsinahissig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of rumrumroomsrum · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of hemma When they have finished with a subject, they go to their professors and are examined on the whole subject at once.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivitdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of blivithahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on gåfärdigareadyfärdig · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of blivitmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ämneettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ämneämnesubjectämne · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of blivitgågogå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gåtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking professorersinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of professorerprofessorerprofessorsprofessor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblito becomebli · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gåförhördaexaminedförhörda · verb, past, participle, plural, nominativecomplement of bliioni · prepositionpreposition marking ämnethelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies ämnetämnetsubjectämne · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of blipåat oncepå · prepositionpreposition marking gångenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bliSuch an examination is called a «tentamen», and it was precisely the last and hardest one that the student had to go through that day.
Ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of förhörsådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies förhörförhörexaminationförhör · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of passive kallaskallasis calledkalla · verb, present, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentenceförasför · prepositionpreposition marking tentamenenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tentamententamenexaminationtentamen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kallasochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gåvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to sistajustjustjust · adverbmodifies sistadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sistasistalastsista · adjective, nominative, superlativeadverbial clause on gåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsvårastehardestsvår · adjective, nominative, superlativecoordinated with sistasomthatsom · pronouncoordinated with sistaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
studentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gåinfinitive marker before a verb.
gågogå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kallasigenomthroughigenom · prepositiondepends on gådeniten · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of gådärtheredär · adverbmodifies dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gå- 4
As soon as he had dressed and eaten breakfast, he sat down at his writing desk to cast one last glance over his books.
Såasså · adverbadverbial clause on sattesnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies Såsomassom · adverbsubject of klättAdverbial/conjunctive use of som ('as/just as'), distinct from its usual relative-pronoun sense.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of klättklättdressedklä · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on Såsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of klättochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationätiteatenäta · verb, active, supinecoordinated with klättfrukostbreakfastfrukost · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ätitsattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sattenerdownner · adverbmodifies sattevidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking skrivbordetskrivbordetdeskskrivbord · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of nerförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of kastaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kastainfinitive marker before a verb.
kastato throwkasta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on satteenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of blicksistalastsista · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies blickblickglanceblick · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kastapåoverpå · prepositionpreposition marking böckersinahissig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of böckerböckerbooksböck · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kasta »I daresay it's quite unnecessary, prepared as well as I am,» thought the student, »but I suppose I'll study as long as I can, so that I'll have nothing to reproach myself for.»
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenogdaresaynog · adverbmodifies trorattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of onödigtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of onödigtärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to onödigtalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies onödigtonödigtunnecessaryonödig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on förbereddsåasså · adverbmodifies förbereddvälwellväl · adverbmodifies förbereddförbereddpreparedförberedd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of trorsomassom · pronoundirect object of ärThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on förbereddtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with trorstudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tänktemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of pluggaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of pluggavälsupposeväl · adverbmodifies pluggapluggastudyplugga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with tänktesåasså · adverbmodifies längelängeas long aslänge · adverbmodifies pluggasomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of möjligtmöjligtpossiblemöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on pluggahalf the examples (ch01-p27, ch04-p30) use the fixed idiom 'allt möjligt' = 'all sorts of/everything', not the literal 'possible' sense used in the other two.
såsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of harattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harintenotinte · particlemodifies harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on plugganågotnothingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of haratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förebråinfinitive marker before a verb.
förebråreproachförebrå · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying någotmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of förebrå- 5
He had not been reading long before there came a knock at the door, and a student came in to him with a thick sheaf of papers under his arm.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lästhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lästintenotinte · particlemodifies lästlästreadläsa · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencelängelonglänge · adverbmodifies lästförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies knackadeused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
detaen · determiner, neuter, singularsubject of knackadeknackadeknockedknacka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on lästpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking dörrendörrendoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of knackadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of studentstudentstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with dörrenkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on lästininin · adverbdepends on komtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking luntaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of luntatjockthicktjock · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies luntaluntasheaf of paperslunta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking armenarmenarmarm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lunta It was a student of quite a different sort from the one sitting at the desk.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of studentvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to studentenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of studentstudentstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseavofav · prepositionpreposition marking slagheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies annatannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies slagslagsortslag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies studentänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularclause modifying slagsomthatsom · pronounsubject of sattThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
sattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on denvidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking skrivbordetskrivbordetdeskskrivbord · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sattHe was shy and timid, and looked worn and poor.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blygvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to blygblygshyblyg · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförsagdtimidförsagd · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with blygochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blygpast tense of se, 'to see.'
slitenwornsliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfattigpoorfattig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with slitenutlookut · adverbdepends on sågHe was the kind who understood books, but nothing else besides.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sådanvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to sådanenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sådansådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of förstodThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
förstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on sådansighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of förstodpåunderstoodpå · prepositionpreposition marking böckerböckerbooksbok · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of förstodTwo distinct lemmas ('bok' = beech, 'bok' = book) share this surface form; the plural bokarna means beeches while böcker means books.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies annathellereitherheller · adverbmodifies intepåbesidespå · prepositionpreposition marking annatnågotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of annatannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with sådanIt was said of him that he must be very learned, but he was so fearful and shy that he had never dared go up for an examination.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of passive sadessadeswas saidsaa · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentenceomofom · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sadesattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lärdhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lärdskullewas said toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lärdvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to lärdmycketverymycket · adverbmodifies lärdlärdlearnedlärd · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on sadesMistagged as a noun; two distinct lemmas collide here — the adjective 'lärd' (learned, erudite) and the past participle of the verb 'lära' (to teach) in constructions like 'lärd att göra ngt' (taught/trained to do something). Example ch-p 'Jag är lärd att vara rädd' means 'I've been taught to be afraid', not 'I am learned'.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räddvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to räddsåsoså · adverbmodifies räddräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with lärdochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblygshyblyg · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with räddattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vågathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vågataldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies vågathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vågatvågatdaredvåga · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on räddsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vågatuppupupp · adverbmodifies vågatifori · prepositionpreposition marking tentamenenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tentamententamenexaminationtentamen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vågatEveryone believed he would become an «överliggare» — one of those who stay on in Uppsala year after year, reading and reading, but who never amount to anything.
Allaallall · pronoun, pluralsubject of troddetroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blihanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bliskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of troddeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of överliggareöverliggareperpetual studentöverliggare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blienaen · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of sådansådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to blisån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of stannarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
stannarstay onstanna · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on sådaniini · prepositionpreposition marking årUppsalaUppsala'sUppsala · proper noun, genitivepart of the phrase iåryearår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stannarefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking åråryearår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stannarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationläserreadsläsa · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with stannarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationläserreadsläsa · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with läsermenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsomwhosom · pronounintroduces the clause of blirThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with bliraldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sådannågotanythingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singularcomplement of bliravofav · prepositioncomplement of blir- 6
Now his errand was to ask his fellow student to read through a book he had written.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ärendetärendeterrandärend · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of beinfinitive marker before a verb.
beto askbe · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying ärendetkamratencompanionkamrat · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of beläsato readläsa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of beigenomthroughigenom · prepositiondepends on läsaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bokbokbookbok · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of besomthatsom · pronoundirect object of skrivitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skrivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skrivitskrivitwrittenskre · verb, active, supinerelative clause on bok It was not printed, only handwritten.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of trycktvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to trycktintenotinte · particlemodifies tryckttrycktprintedtrycka · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
barajustbara · adverbmodifies handskrivenhandskrivenhandwrittenhandskriv · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with tryckt»You would do me a great service if you would take a look at this,» he said, »and tell me whether it is any good.»
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of gjordeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tjänststorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tjänsttjänstservicetjänst · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gjordeomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tittaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tittavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tittatittato looktitta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gjordepåatpå · prepositionmodifies tittadetaen · determiner, neuter, singularpart of the phrase påhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase detsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to tittahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sadeomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dugerdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of dugerdugeris any goodduga · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of säga- 7
The student who had such good luck in everything thought to himself: »Isn't it true, as I say, that everyone likes me?
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of studentenstudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktesomwhosom · pronounsubject of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on studentensåsuchså · adverbmodifies godgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies turturlucktur · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking alltingalltingeverythingallting · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of tänktesjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sigÄrisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to santdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of santintenotinte · particlemodifies santsanttruesant · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesomassom · pronoundirect object of sägerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägersägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on santattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tyckermigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckertyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on santallaallall · pronoun, pluraldirect object of tyckeromlikeom · prepositionpreposition marking tycker Here now comes that recluse too, who has never been able to bring himself to show his work to anyone else, and wants me to judge it.»
Härherehär · adverbmodifies kommerkommerwillkomma · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies kommerocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies kommerdeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of kommerdärtheredär · adverbmodifies kommerenstöringenthe recluseenstöring · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on kommersomwhosom · pronounsubject of förmåThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies förmåharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of förmåkunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of förmåförmåbring himself toförmå · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on enstöringensighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of förmåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of visainfinitive marker before a verb.
visato showvisa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on förmåsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of arbetepossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
arbeteworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of visaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking annannågonanyonenågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of annanannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of visaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvillwantsvilja · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with förmåattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bedömajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bedömaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bedömabedömajudgebedöma · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of villdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of bedöma- 8
He promised he would read the manuscript as soon as possible, and the other laid it on the desk before him.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lovadelovadepromisedlova · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of läsahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of läsaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of läsaläsato readläsa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of lovadehandskriftenmanuscripthandskrift · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of läsasåasså · adverbmodifies snartsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies läsasomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of möjligtmöjligtpossiblemöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on läsahalf the examples (ch01-p27, ch04-p30) use the fixed idiom 'allt möjligt' = 'all sorts of/everything', not the literal 'possible' sense used in the other two.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andreandreotherandre · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of ladeladelaidla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with läsa"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
deniten · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of ladepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking skrivbordetskrivbordetdeskskrivbord · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ladeframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lade »You must take good care of it,» he said.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räddfårmustfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of räddvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to räddräddtake good carerädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseomifom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of räddsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to denhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade»I have worked on this for five years, and if it is lost, I cannot do it over.»
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of arbetatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of arbetatarbetatworkedarbeta · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on görapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of arbetatifori · prepositionpreposition marking årfemfivefem · numeral, nominativequantifies åråryearsår · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of arbetatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommerdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with arbetatbortawaybort · adverbdepends on kommerkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of görajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of göraintenotinte · particlemodifies göragöradogöra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceomoverom · prepositiondepends on göradetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of göra— »No harm shall come to it while it lies here with me,» said the student, and with that the stranger left.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies kommaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencenågotanynågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ontontharmond · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kommaåttoåt · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommamedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of liggerdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of liggerliggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kommahärherehär · adverbmodifies liggerhoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of liggersadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kommastudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärmedwith thatdärmed · adverbmodifies gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadedeniten · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of gickfrämmandestrangefrämmande · adjective, nominativecomplement of gick- 9
The student drew the thick sheaf toward him.
Studentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of drogdrogpulleddra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of luntantjockathicktjock · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies luntanluntansheaf of paperslunta · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of drogtilltowardtill · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of drog »I wonder what he's been sitting and piecing together,» he said.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undrarundrarwondersundra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of suttithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of suttitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of suttitsuttitsatsutta · verb, active, supineclausal complement of undrarArchaic spelling of suttit, the supine of sitta ("to sit").
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpetatpiecingpeta · verb, active, supinecoordinated with suttitihoptogetherihop · adverbdepends on petatförkind offör · prepositionpreposition marking slagslagsortslag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of petatsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to suttithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade»Ah — the history of the city of Uppsala!
JasåahJaså · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseInterjection mistagged as a noun; expresses mild surprise or acknowledgment and its English rendering shifts with tone.
UppsalaUppsala'sUppsala · proper noun, genitivepossessor of historiastadscity'sstad · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of historiahistoriastoryhistoria · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with JasåThat doesn't sound so mad.»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of låterlåtersoundslåta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejuafter allju · adverbmodifies låterintenotinte · particlemodifies låtersåsoså · adverbmodifies galetgaletmadgale · adverbmodifies låter- 10
Now this student loved Uppsala more than any other place, and he grew curious to read what the «överliggare» had written about the town.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies älskadeälskadelovedälska · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of studentenstudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies UppsalaUppsalaUppsalaUppsala · proper noun, nominativesubject of älskadeSwedish university city.
mermoremycket · adverbmodifies älskadeänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking ställenallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ställenandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ställenställenplacesställe · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of älskadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with älskadenyfikencuriousnyfiken · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of läsainfinitive marker before a verb.
läsato readläsa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on blevvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of skrivitöverliggarenthe perpetual studentöverliggaren · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skrivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skrivitskrivitwrittenskrivit · verb, active, supineclausal complement of läsaomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking stadenstadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skrivit »When I think it over properly, I might just as well read his history right away,» he mumbled.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tänkerjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkertänkerthinktänka · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on läsarättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tänkerpåoverpå · prepositionpreposition marking sakensakenthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tänkerkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of läsajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of läsasåjust as wellså · adverbmodifies läsagärnajust as wellgärna · adverbpart of the phrase såType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
läsato readläsa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencehanshishan · pronounpossessor of historiahistoriastoryhistoria · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of läsagenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies läsamumlademurmuredmumla · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to läsahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of mumlade»It serves no purpose to sit and cram at the last moment.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tjänartjänaris usefultjäna · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetillfortill · prepositionintroduces the clause of sittaingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase tillatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sittainfinitive marker before a verb.
sittato sitsitta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tjänarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpluggacramplugga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sittaiati · prepositionpreposition marking stundensistalastsista · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies stundenstundenwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sittaIt goes no better for it, once you're before the professor.»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies gårbättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of gårförforför · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of gårnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommermanyouman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gårinförbeforeinför · prepositionpreposition marking professornprofessornprofessorprofessor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommer- 11
The student read on and did not lift his eyes from the sheets of paper until he had gotten to the last one.
Studentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lästelästereadläsa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlyfteliftedlyfte · verb, imperative, activecoordinated with lästeMislabeled as imperative; lyfte is the simple past tense of lyfta ("to lift").
intenotinte · particlemodifies lyfteögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of lyftefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking pappersbladenpappersbladenthe sheets of paperpappersblad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ögonenförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies hunnitused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hunnithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hunnithunnitgottenhinna · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on lästetilltotill · prepositiondepends on hunnitdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sistasistalastsista · adjective, nominative, superlativedirect object of hunnit When he had finished, he was thoroughly pleased.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slutathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slutathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slutatslutatfinishedsluta · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on förnöjdvarwasvara · determiner, common gender, singularcopula linking to förnöjdmistagged as a determiner; the surface 'var' here is the past tense of vara 'to be'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förnöjdheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies förnöjdförnöjdpleasedförnöjd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrase»Well, well!»
SerseeSer · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePresent tense of se ('to see'); capitalized here as sentence-initial.
manwell, wellman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Serpåwellpå · prepositiondepends on Serhe said.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade»That was quite a fellow to be learned.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of baddarevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to baddareenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of baddarebaddarequite a fellowbaddare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of lärdinfinitive marker before a verb.
varabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to lärdlärdlearnedlärd · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on baddareMistagged as a noun; two distinct lemmas collide here — the adjective 'lärd' (learned, erudite) and the past participle of the verb 'lära' (to teach) in constructions like 'lärd att göra ngt' (taught/trained to do something). Example ch-p 'Jag är lärd att vara rädd' means 'I've been taught to be afraid', not 'I am learned'.
When this book comes out, his fortune is made.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommerdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bokenhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase denbokenbookbok · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gjordutoutut · adverbdepends on kommerärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to gjordhanshishan · pronounpossessor of lyckalyckafortunelycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordgjordmadegjora · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseIt will be a joy to tell him how good it is.»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with bliskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of glädjeglädjejoyglädje · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bliatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sägainfinitive marker before a verb.
sägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivedepends on blihonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sägahurhowhur · adverbmodifies brabragoodbra · adverbclausal complement of sägadenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to bra- 12
He gathered up all the loose sheets that made up the manuscript and laid them straight on the table.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of samladesamladegatheredsamla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceihoptogetherihop · adverbdepends on samladeallaallall · determiner, pluralmodifies lösadetheen · determiner, pluralsubject of lösaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
lösalooselösa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of samladeIn all four examples 'lösa' is the plural/definite form of the adjective 'lös' ('loose': lösa styltor, hundarna lösa, lösa pappersbladen/bladen), not the verb 'lösa' ('to solve'). The gloss 'to solve' does not match a single example.
pappersbladenthe loose sheetspappersblad · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of lösavaravof whichvarav · adverbmodifies bestodhandskriftenmanuscripthandskrift · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bestodbestodconsistedbestå · verb, past, indicative, activein apposition to lösaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationladelaidla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with bestod"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
demthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of ladetillstraighttill · prepositionmodifies laderättastraighträtta · noun, common genderpart of the phrase tillThe gloss 'order' doesn't fit any of the four examples, which are three distinct idioms built on the noun 'rätta' (the right/correct state), not a standalone noun meaning 'order'.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking bordetbordettablebord · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of lade As he was doing this, he heard a clock strike.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of höllhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllhöllwas doinghålla · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hördepådoingpå · prepositiondepends on höllmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of höllhördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of klockaklockaclockklocka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies slåslåstrikeslå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of hörde- 13
»There now!
Selookse · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencesåthereså · adverbmodifies Sejayesja · interjectiondepends on Se It's time for me to go to the professor,» he said, and hurried out to fetch his black clothes, which hung in a closet out in the attic.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tidärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseförforför · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tidatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gåinfinitive marker before a verb.
gågogå · verb, active, infinitivedepends on tidtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking professornprofessornprofessorprofessor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to tidhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadeutoutut · adverbdepends on skyndadeförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of hämtaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hämtainfinitive marker before a verb.
hämtato fetchhämta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skyndadesinahissig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of klädersvartablacksvart · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kläderkläderclotheskläder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hämtasomwhichsom · pronounsubject of hängdeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hängdehunghänga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on kläderiini · prepositionpreposition marking kontorettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of kontorkontorclosetkontor · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hängdeuteoutsideute · adverbmodifies hängdepåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking vindenvindenatticvind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utevind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form.
As so often happens when one is in a hurry, both lock and key were balky, and it was a while before he could turn back.
Såsomassåsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gårdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gåroftaoftenofta · adverbmodifies gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bråttommanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bråttomharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bråttombråttomin a hurrybråttom · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on gårPredicative idiom 'ha bråttom'; tagged as a verb form but functions as an adjective/adverb phrase, not a separate lexeme.
vorowerevoro · pronoun, pluralcoordinated with bråttommistagged as a pronoun; this is the archaic plural past tense of vara 'to be'.
bådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlåslocklås · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with voroochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnyckelkeynyckel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with bråttommotsträvigabalkymotsträvig · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of bråttomochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with dröjdedröjdedelayeddröjde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gårenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dröjdeinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vändahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vändavändato turnvända · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on dröjdetillbakabacktillbaka · adverbdepends on vända- 14
When he reached the threshold, he gave a cry.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gavpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking tröskelntröskelnthresholdtröskel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komgavlet outge · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLight-verb idioms in the examples: "gav ... till ett klagoskrik" = let out a cry; "gav sig tid" = took the time — not literal "gave" in either case.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gavtillouttill · prepositionpreposition marking utropettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of utroputropcry/exclamationutrop · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gav In his haste, when he had gone out, he had left the door open, and the window, beside which the desk stood, was open too.
Iini · prepositionpreposition marking brådskanbrådskanhastebrådska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lämnatnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gickhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on brådskanutoutut · adverbdepends on gickhadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lämnathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lämnatlämnatleftlämna · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencedörrendoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lämnatöppenopenöppen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of lämnatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfönstretwindowfönstr · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on ochArchaic/dialectal spelling of fönster.
invidclose toinvid · adverbmodifies stodFunctions as a preposition ("right next to") in these examples.
vilketwhichvilken · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of stodskrivbordetdeskskrivbord · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lämnatvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to öppetocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies öppetöppetopenöppen · adverbadverbial clause on stodThis is the neuter adjective form 'öppet' used predicatively/adverbially.
A strong draft had sprung up, and now the student saw the loose sheets of the manuscript whirling out through the window.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of uppkommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of uppkommituppkommitarisenuppkomma · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of dragstarktstrongstark · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies dragdragdraftdrag · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of uppkommitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with uppkommitpast tense of se, 'to see.'
studentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of lösalösalooselösa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of sågIn all four examples 'lösa' is the plural/definite form of the adjective 'lös' ('loose': lösa styltor, hundarna lösa, lösa pappersbladen/bladen), not the verb 'lösa' ('to solve'). The gloss 'to solve' does not match a single example.
bladensheetsblad · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lösa'Blad' means both tree leaves and paper sheets/pages.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking handskriftenhandskriftenmanuscripthandskrift · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bladenvirvlawhirlvirvla · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of sågutoutut · adverbdepends on virvlagenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking fönstretfönstretwindowfönstr · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of utArchaic/dialectal spelling of fönster.
He crossed the floor in a single great stride and laid his hand on the papers, but there was not much left to save.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegolvetfloorgolv · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of togiini · prepositionpreposition marking stegettaen · numeral, nominative, neuter, singulardeterminer of stegendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativemodifies stegväldigttremendousväldig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies stegstegstepsteg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of togochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationladelaidlade · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with toghandenhandhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ladepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking papperenpapperenthe paperspapper · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of lademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of mycketvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to mycketintenotinte · particlemodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · adverbcoordinated with togkvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on mycketatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of räddainfinitive marker before a verb.
räddato saverädda · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on mycketOnly ten or twelve pages remained lying on the desk.
Endastonlyendast · adverbmodifies tiotiotentio · numeral, nominativequantifies sidorelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtolvtwelvetolv · numeral, nominativequantifies tiosidorsidessida · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of lågolågolaylågo · adjective, nominative, comparativehead of the phraseArchaic plural past tense of ligga ("to lie"), not an adjective; the parser mistagged it.
kvarstill therekvar · adverbmodifies lågopåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking skrivbordetskrivbordetdeskskrivbord · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kvarAll the rest danced away with the wind, over yards and rooftops.
Alltallall · determiner, neuter, singularintroduces the clause of dansadedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of dansadeandraotherannan · adjective, nominativemodifies dansadedansadedanceddansa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vindenvindenwindvind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of dansadevind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form.
bortawaybort · adverbmodifies dansadeöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking gårdargårdarfarmsgård · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of dansadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtakrooftak · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with gårdar- 15
The student leaned out of the window and looked after the papers.
Studentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lutadelutadeleanedluta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of lutadeutoutut · adverbmodifies lutadegenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking fönstretfönstretwindowfönstr · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of utArchaic/dialectal spelling of fönster.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtittadelookedtitta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lutadeefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking papperenpapperenthe paperspapper · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of tittade A black bird sat on the roof outside the dormer, watching him with mocking solemnity.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fågelsvartblacksvart · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fågelfågelbirdfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking takettaketrooftak · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sattutanföroutsideutanför · prepositionpreposition marking vindskupanvindskupanthe dormervindskupan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattpåwatchingpå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sågmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking högtidlighetspefullmockingspefull · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies högtidlighethögtidlighetsolemnityhögtidlighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of såg»Isn't that a raven?»
Ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to korpintenotinte · particlemodifies korpdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase intedärtheredär · adverbmodifies korpenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of korpkorpravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasethought the student.
tänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencestudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tänkte»They do say that ravens bode misfortune.»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sägerärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to sägerjudoju · adverbmodifies ärdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase jumantheyman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägersägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bådarkorparravenskorp · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of bådarbådarbodebåda · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of sägerolyckamisfortuneolycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of bådar- 16
He saw a few of the papers still lying on the roofs, and surely he could have saved at least some of what was lost, had he not had his examination to think of.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenågrasomenågon · pronoun, pluraldirect object of sågavofav · prepositionpreposition marking papperenpapperenthe paperspapper · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies någraliggato lieligga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of sågkvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on liggapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking takentakenroofstak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of liggaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsäkertsurelysäker · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of räddahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räddakunnatcould havekunna · verb, active, supineauxiliary of räddaräddato saverädda · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with liggaåtminstoneat leaståtminstone · adverbmodifies delenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of deldelpartdel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of räddaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking förloradedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of förloradeförloradelostförlora · verb, past, indicative, activemodifies delomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hafthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haftintenotinte · particlemodifies hafthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supineclause modifying delsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of tentamententamenexaminationtentamen · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haftatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tänkainfinitive marker before a verb.
tänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on haftpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking tänka But he felt he was obliged to attend first and foremost to his own affairs.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tvungenhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tvungenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tvungentvungenobligedtvung · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of tyckteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of skötainfinitive marker before a verb.
förstfirstförst · adverbmodifies skötaochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase förstfrämstfirst of allfrämst · adverbpart of the phrase förstskötato tend tosköta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tvungensinahis ownsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of affäreregnaownegen · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies affäreraffäreraffairsaffär · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sköta»It's my whole future that's at stake,» he thought.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with framtidärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to framtidhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies framtidminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of framtidpossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
framtidfutureframtid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gällerdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gällergällerat stakegälla · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to gällerhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkte- 17
He threw on his clothes and rushed off to the professor.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kastadekastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of kastadeklädernaclotheskläder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of kastadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrusaderushedrusa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kastadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking professornprofessornprofessorprofessor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rusade On the way, the lost manuscript was all he could think of.
Underonunder · prepositionpreposition marking vägenvägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadebarajustbara · adverbmodifies handskriftendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of handskriftenförloradelostförlora · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies handskriftenhandskriftenmanuscripthandskrift · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking tankarnatankarnathe thoughtstankarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies handskriften»This is a thoroughly annoying business,» he thought.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of historiaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to historiaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of historiabrathoroughlybra · adjective, nominativemodifies historiaförargligannoyingförarglig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies historiahistoriastoryhistoria · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of härhärherehär · adverbin apposition to historiatänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to historiahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkte»It was a misfortune that I had to be in such a hurry.»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of olyckavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to olyckaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of olyckaolyckamisfortuneolycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haskullehad toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hahahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivedepends on olyckasåsuchså · adverbmodifies bråttombråttomin a hurrybråttom · adverbmodifies ha- 18
The professor began to examine him, but he still could not get his thoughts away from the manuscript.
Professornprofessorprofessor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceförhörato questionförhöra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of förhöramenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kundekundecouldkunna · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåistilli · prepositionpreposition marking fallallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fallfallcasesfall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of fåintenotinte · particlemodifies fåfåtake one's mind offfå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with börjadetankarnathe thoughtstankarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of fåfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking handskriftenhandskriftenmanuscripthandskrift · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of få »What was it the poor fellow said?»
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sadevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to Vaddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with karlndenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stackarsstackarspoorstackars · adjective, genitive, masculine, singularpossessor of karlninvariant word expressing pity, 'poor' as in 'poor thing'.
karlnthe fellowkarln · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Vadsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehe thought.
tänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkte»Had he worked on the book for five years and had no strength left to write it over?
HadehadHa · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of arbetathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of arbetatarbetatworkedarbeta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking bokenbokenbookbok · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of arbetationi · prepositionpreposition marking årfemfivefem · numeral, nominativequantifies åråryearsår · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of arbetatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with arbetatintenotinte · particlemodifies hadekraftstrengthkraft · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of skrivainfinitive marker before a verb.
skrivato writeskriva · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hadeomrewriteom · prepositiondepends on skrivadenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of skrivaI don't know how I'll ever find the courage to tell him it's gone.»
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies vethurhowhur · adverbmodifies fåjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfåsummon couragefå · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of vetmodcouragemod · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of talainfinitive marker before a verb.
talato speaktala · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fåomtellom · prepositionpreposition marking talaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ärdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of talabortagoneborta · adverbmodifies är- 19
He was so upset over what had happened to him that he could not keep his thoughts together.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of upprördvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to upprördsåsoså · adverbmodifies upprördupprördupsetuppröra · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking detdetwhaten · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of upprördthis type bundles three distinct functions of the neuter forms det/ett under one entry.
somwhatsom · pronounsubject of häntThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hänthänthappenedhända · verb, active, supinerelative clause on dethonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of häntattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hållahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hållaintenotinte · particlemodifies hållakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållahållato keep togetherhålla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on upprördtankarnathe thoughtstankarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hållasamladetogethersamla · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of hålla All his knowledge seemed blown away.
Allaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of kunskaperhanshishan · pronounpossessor of kunskaperkunskaperknowledgekunskap · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vorovorowerevoro · pronoun, pluralhead of the phrasemistagged as a pronoun; this is the archaic plural past tense of vara 'to be'.
somseeminglysom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bortblåstabortblåstablown awaybortblåsta · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcomplement of voroHe did not hear what the professor asked, and he had not the least idea what he himself answered.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies hördevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularintroduces the clause of frågadeprofessornprofessorprofessor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågadefrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of hördeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationraktat allrak · adverbmodifies vissteintenotinte · particlemodifies visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hördehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of svaradehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svaradesjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying hansvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of vissteThe professor was utterly dumbfounded at such ignorance and could do nothing but fail him.
Professornprofessorprofessor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencealldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies bestörtbestörtbewilderedbestöra · verb, active, supinecomplement of blevöveratöver · prepositiondepends on bestörtenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of okunnighetsådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies okunnighetsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
okunnighetignoranceokunnighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of bestörtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of göraintenotinte · particlemodifies göraannatanything elseannan · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies göragöradogöra · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with blevänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kuggakuggafailkugga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on görahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of kugga- 20
When the student came out onto the street again, he felt terribly unhappy.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komstudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kändeutoutut · adverbdepends on kompåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking gatangatanstreetgata · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komigenagainigen · adverbmodifies komkändefeltkändäge · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceSurface 'kände' is past tense of 'känna' (to feel); the lemma 'kändäge' is a parser artifact.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kändeförfärligtterriblyförfärlig · adverbmodifies olyckligolyckligunhappyolycklig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of kände »Now I'll lose my position,» he thought, »and it's the «överliggare's» fault.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gårmistelosemiste · adverbdepends on gårommissedom · prepositionpreposition marking platsminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of platspossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
platsplaceplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gårtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to gårhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of överliggarensärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to överliggarensöverliggarensthe perpetual student'söverliggar · noun, genitive, common gender, singularcoordinated with tänkteskullsakeskull · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on överliggarensonly occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'.
Why did he have to come with his manuscript on this very day?
Varförwhyvarför · adverbmodifies kommaskullehad toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking handskriftsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of handskrifthandskriftmanuscripthandskrift · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommajustjustjust · adverbmodifies iitodayi · prepositionmodifies kommadagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iBut that's what happens when one is too obliging.»
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåin that wayså · adverbmodifies gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gårnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tjänstaktigmanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tjänstaktigärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to tjänstaktigtjänstaktigobligingtjänstaktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on går- 21
At that very moment the student saw the man he was thinking of coming toward him.
Iati · prepositionpreposition marking detsammadetsammathat very momentdensamma · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
studentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of sågsomwhomsom · pronounoblique complement of tänkteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on denpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking somkommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with tänktesighimsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kommatilltowardtill · prepositionmodifies kommamötesto meetmötes · nounpart of the phrase tillFossilized genitive used only in the phrase 'gå/komma till mötes', meaning 'to go/come to meet'.
He did not want to say that the manuscript was lost until he had made some attempt to get it back, and he meant to slip past him without a word.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of talaintenotinte · particlemodifies talatalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceomsayom · prepositiondepends on talaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förloradhandskriftenmanuscripthandskrift · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förloradvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to förloradförloradlostförlorad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of talainnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gjorthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjorthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjortgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on förloradnågotsomenågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of försökförsökattemptförsök · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gjortatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fågetfå · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying försökigenagainigen · adverbdepends on fådenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of fåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationämnadeintendedämna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fågågogå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of ämnadetystquiettyst · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ämnadeförbipastförbi · prepositiondepends on ämnadehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of ämnadeBut the other man walked along troubled and anxious, wondering what the student would say about his book, and when he saw him hurrying past with only an unfriendly nod, he grew thoroughly frightened.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andreandreotherandre · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedärtheredär · adverbmodifies bekymradbekymradtroubledbekymra · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of gickPast participle 'bekymrad' (troubled), mistagged as base adjective.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationoroligtroubledorolig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with bekymradochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationundradewonderedundra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with bekymradvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sägastudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on undradeomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking bokhanshishan · pronounpossessor of bokbokbookbok · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sägaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of såghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickpast tense of se, 'to see.'
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sågskyndato hurryskynda · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of sågförbipastförbi · adverbdepends on skyndamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking nickbarajustbara · adverbmodifies nickenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of nickovänligunfriendlyovänlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies nicknicknodnick · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förbiblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to gickhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevytterligtthoroughlyytterlig · adverbmodifies skrämdskrämdfrightenedskrämd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevHe caught the student by the sleeve and asked whether he had read anything.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of högghöggcaughthögg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencestudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of höggibyi · prepositionpreposition marking ärmenärmenthe sleeveärm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of höggochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with höggomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lästhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lästhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lästlästreadläsa · verb, active, supineclausal complement of frågadenågotanythingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of läst»I've had my examination,» said the student, and wanted to hurry on.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haftharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of tentamenpossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
tentamenexaminationtentamen · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haftsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with haftstudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skyndaskyndato hurryskynda · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sadevidarefurthervidare · adverbmodifies skyndaBut the other believed he was avoiding him so as not to have to say he was displeased with his book.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andreandreotherandre · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of troddetroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of undvekhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undvekundvekavoidedundvek · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of troddehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of undvekförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of slippaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of slippainfinitive marker before a verb.
slippabe spared/avoidslippa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on undveksägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of slippaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of missnöjdhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of missnöjdvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to missnöjdmissnöjddispleasedmissnöjd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of troddemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking bokhanshishan · pronounpossessor of bokbokbookbok · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of missnöjdHe felt his heart would burst, because the work he had labored over for five long years would come to nothing, and in his great sorrow he said to the student: »Remember what I tell you!
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dugahjärtathearthjärta · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of dugavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of dugabristaburstbrist · adjective, nominative, superlativesubject of dugadärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of arbetetattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därfördettheden · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of arbetetarbetetworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on bristasomthatsom · pronoundirect object of hållitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hållithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållithållitlaboredhålla · verb, active, supinerelative clause on arbetetSurface "hållit" spans several idioms in this book: literal "held" (hållit trogen vakt = kept faithful watch), "hållit ut" (held out/endured), "hållit på" (had been -ing, continuous aspect), and "hållit sig" (stayed/remained). A single fixed gloss of "held" misrenders the hållit på / hållit sig examples.
påoverpå · prepositiondepends on hållitmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking årifori · prepositionpreposition marking årfemfivefem · numeral, nominativequantifies årlångalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies åråryearsår · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of hållitintenotinte · particlemodifies dugaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of dugadugato be fit forduga · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of tycktetillfortill · prepositionpreposition marking någotnågotnothingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of dugaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking studentenstudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking sorgsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of sorgstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sorgweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
sorgsorrowsorg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies studentenKomcomeKom · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceihågto mind (remember)ihåg · adverbdepends on Komonly occurs in the fixed phrase komma ihåg 'to remember'.
vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sägerjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägersägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on Komdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sägerIf the book is no good, I don't want to see it again.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dugerbokenbookbok · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dugerintenotinte · particlemodifies dugerdugeris any goodduga · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sevillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of seintenotinte · particlemodifies seseseese · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedeniten · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of semeragainmycket · adverbmodifies seRead it as fast as you can, and tell me what you think of it!
Läsread!läsa · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of Lässåasså · adverbintroduces the clause of kanfortfastfort · adverbpart of the phrase såduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kankancankunna · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on Läsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsägtellsäg · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with kanmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of sägvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of tyckerduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckertyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of sägomofom · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of tyckerBut if it is no good, you may burn it up.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dugerdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of dugerintenotinte · particlemodifies dugerdugeris any goodduga · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on brännakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of brännaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brännabrännaburnbränna · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceoppupoppa · verb, present, indicative, activeindirect object of brännaDialectal form of upp ("up"), a particle, not a finite verb; the parser mistagged it.
denitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of oppThen I don't want to see it again.»
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies sevillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of seintenotinte · particlemodifies seseseese · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedeniten · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of semeragainmycket · adverbmodifies se- 22
He went off quickly on his way.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehastigtquicklyhastig · adverbmodifies gicksinawaysig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of vägvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gick The student looked after him, as if he had wanted to call him back, but he thought better of it and went home to his own place.
Studentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
efterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sågsomassom · pronounsubject of kallaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of velathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of velathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of velatvelatwanted tovela · auxiliary verb, active, supineadverbial clause on kallakallacoldkalla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sågMislemmatized: both examples ('det kalla nattkvarteret', 'i den kalla marsnatten') show the definite/inflected adjective 'kall' ('cold'), not the verb kalla ('to call'). Gloss corrected to match the attested adjective use.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of kallatillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies kallamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ångradeångraderegrettedångra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kallasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ångradeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ångradehemhomehem · adverbmodifies gicktilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking sittsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of gickpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
- 23
There he hurried into his everyday clothes and then ran out to search for the manuscript.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies skyndadeskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skyndadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sättainfinitive marker before a verb.
sättato set/putsätta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skyndadepåintopå · prepositiondepends on sättasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of sättavardagsklädernahis everyday clothesvardagskläderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sättaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsprangransprang · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sättasedanthensedan · adverbmodifies sprangutoutut · adverbdepends on sprangförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of letaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of letainfinitive marker before a verb.
letato searchleta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sprangefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking handskriftenhandskriftenmanuscripthandskrift · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of leta He searched the streets, the squares, and the parks.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of söktesöktesearchedsöka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåthroughpå · prepositionpreposition marking gatornagatornastreetsgata · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of söktepåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking torgentorgenthe squarestorg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sökteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiini · prepositionpreposition marking planteringarnaplanteringarnathe parksplanteringarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with torgenHe went into the courtyards and even wandered out into the countryside.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceininin · adverbdepends on gickpåintopå · prepositionpreposition marking gårdarnagårdarnathe farmsgårdarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvandradewanderedvandra · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with gårdarnaTagged as an adjective but is the past tense of vandra, 'to wander/walk'.
tilleventill · prepositionmodifies vandradeochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase tillmedwithmed · prepositionpart of the phrase tillutåtout intoutåt · adverbmodifies landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of vandradeBut he could not find a single sheet.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finnakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of finnaintenotinte · particlemodifies finnafinnafindfinna · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of bladendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativemodifies bladbladsheetblad · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of finna- 24
When he had been at it for a couple of hours, he grew so hungry that he had to eat dinner.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hållithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hållithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållithållitbeen at ithålla · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on kändeSurface "hållit" spans several idioms in this book: literal "held" (hållit trogen vakt = kept faithful watch), "hållit ut" (held out/endured), "hållit på" (had been -ing, continuous aspect), and "hållit sig" (stayed/remained). A single fixed gloss of "held" misrenders the hållit på / hållit sig examples.
påat itpå · prepositiondepends on hållitsålike thatså · adverbmodifies parettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies timmartimmarhourstimme · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hållitkändefeltkändäge · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceSurface 'kände' is past tense of 'känna' (to feel); the lemma 'kändäge' is a parser artifact.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kändesåsoså · adverbmodifies hungrighungrighungryhungrig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of kändeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ätahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ätamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of ätaätaeatäta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kändemiddagdinnermiddag · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of äta But at the eating house he ran into the «överliggare» again.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking matställetmatställetthe eating housematställ · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of råkaderåkaderan intoråka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkadeomagainom · prepositionmodifies råkadeigenagainigen · adverbpart of the phrase omöverliggarenthe overliggareöverliggar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase omHistoric Swedish student-slang for a student who fails to graduate on time; kept untranslated as in the source, matching the studio translation.
The latter came forward at once to hear something about the book.
Dennethe latterDenne · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies komframforwardfram · adverbdepends on komförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of höraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hörainfinitive marker before a verb.
fåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of hörahörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on komnågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of höraomaboutom · prepositionpart of the phrase någotbokenbookbok · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of höra»I'll come up to you this evening and talk about it,» said the student, curtly and dismissively.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceoppupopp · adverbdepends on kommaColloquial/dialectal spelling of 'upp'.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of oppithis eveningi · prepositionpreposition marking kvällkvälleveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kommaomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of talasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to kommastudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies tvärttvärtcurtlytvär · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sadeNeuter form 'tvärt' used adverbially with varied senses depending on what it modifies.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationavvisandedismissivelyavvisande · adjective, nominativecoordinated with tvärtHe did not want to admit that he had lost it until he was fully certain it could not be found.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tillståvillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tillståintenotinte · particlemodifies tillståtillståto admittillstå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förlorathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förlorathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förloratförloratlostförlora · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on tillstådenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of förloratförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies vissused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vissvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to vissfulltfullyfull · adverbmodifies vissAdverbial use of full/fullt, e.g. 'fullt så' = 'quite as'.
visscertain/sureviss · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with tillståomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of återfinnasattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of återfinnasdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of passive återfinnasintenotinte · particlemodifies återfinnaskundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of återfinnasåterfinnasbe foundåterfinna · verb, passive, infinitiveadverbial clause on vissThe other man turned quite pale.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andreandreotherandre · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies blekblekpaleblek · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blev»Just remember that you're to destroy it, if it's no good!»
KomcomeKom · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencebarajustbara · adverbmodifies Komihågto mind (remember)ihåg · adverbdepends on Komonly occurs in the fixed phrase komma ihåg 'to remember'.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förstöraduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstöraskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of förstöraförstörato destroyförstöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on Komdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of förstöraomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dugerdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of dugerintenotinte · particlemodifies dugerdugeris any goodduga · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with förstörahe said, and went on his way, now quite certain that the student was displeased with his book.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadesinawaysig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of vägvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to säkernunownu · adverbmodifies säkeralldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies säkersäkercertainsäker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sadeomthatom · prepositionintroduces the clause of missnöjdattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of missnöjdstudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of missnöjdvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to missnöjdmissnöjddispleasedmissnöjd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on säkermedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking bokhanshishan · pronounpossessor of bokbokbookbok · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of missnöjd- 25
The student hurried out into the town again and kept up his search until it grew dark, without finding anything.
Studentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skyndadeskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceåteragainåter · adverbmodifies skyndadeutoutut · adverbmodifies skyndadeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking stadenstadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhöllkept uphålla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with skyndadepåkept uppå · prepositiondepends on höllmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sökandesitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of sökandepossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
sökandesearchingsökande · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hölländauntilända · adverbmodifies blevtillsuntiltills · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blevdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on skyndademörktdarkmörk · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of blevutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of finnaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of finnainfinitive marker before a verb.
finnafindfinna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skyndadenågotanythingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of finna On his way home, he met a couple of his comrades.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on råkadepåon the waypå · prepositionpreposition marking hemväghemvägway homehemväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of varråkademetråka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkadeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies kamraterkamratercompanionskamrat · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of råkade»Where have you been keeping yourself, since you didn't come to the spring festival?»
Varwherevar · adverbmodifies hållitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållitduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hållithållitbeen keepinghålla · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceSurface "hållit" spans several idioms in this book: literal "held" (hållit trogen vakt = kept faithful watch), "hållit ut" (held out/endured), "hållit på" (had been -ing, continuous aspect), and "hållit sig" (stayed/remained). A single fixed gloss of "held" misrenders the hållit på / hållit sig examples.
hushousehus · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hållitsomsincesom · pronounsubject of komThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on huspåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking vårfestenvårfestenspring festivalvårfest · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komthey said.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sade— »Oh, has there been a spring festival?»
Ackoh/ahAck · proper noun, nominativedepends on vårfestInterjection 'ack', mistagged as a proper noun.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of vårfestdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of vårfestvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to vårfestvårfestspring festivalvårfest · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesaid the student.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencestudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade»I had quite forgotten about it.»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of glömthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of glömtjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of glömtalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies glömtglömtforgottenglömma · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencebortawaybort · adverbdepends on glömt- 26
While he stood talking with his comrades, a young girl he was fond of came walking by.
Medanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stodhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtaladetalkedtala · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with stodTagged as an adjective but is talade, the past tense of tala, 'to talk'.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking kamraternakamraternacompanionskamrat · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of stodkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of flickaungyoungung · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies flickaflickagirlflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komsomwhomsom · pronoundirect object of tyckteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on flickaomfond ofom · prepositiondepends on tycktegåendewalkinggå · adjective, nominativecoordinated with flickaPresent participle gående used adjectivally/adverbially.
förbipastförbi · adverbmodifies gående She did not look at him, but went along talking with another student and smiled at him so terribly kindly.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies sågåtatåt · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sågutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
gickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtaladetalkedtala · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with gickTagged as an adjective but is talade, the past tense of tala, 'to talk'.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking studentenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of studentannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies studentstudentstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmålogsmiledsmålog · adverbcoordinated with studentmotatmot · prepositionpreposition marking dennedennehedenna · pronoun, masculine, singularoblique complement of vänligtArchaic masculine demonstrative "denne" used anaphorically for a previously named male person.
såveryså · adverbmodifies förfärligtförfärligtterriblyförfärlig · adverbmodifies vänligtvänligtfriendlyvänlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with gickThen the student remembered that he had asked her to come to the spring festival, so that he might meet her there, and now he himself had not shown up.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencestudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komihågto mind (remember)ihåg · adverbdepends on komonly occurs in the fixed phrase komma ihåg 'to remember'.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of betthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of betthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bettbettaskedbet · verb, active, supinedepends on komSupine 'bett' of be (to ask/pray), unrelated to bita (to bite).
henneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of bettattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of bettpåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking vårfestenvårfestenspring festivalvårfest · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommaförso thatför · prepositionintroduces the clause of råkaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase förhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkaskullemightskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkafåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of råkaråkameetråka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kommahenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of råkadärtheredär · adverbmodifies råkaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of infunnithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadesjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hadeintenotinte · particlemodifies infunnitinfunnitshown upinfunnit · verb, active, supinecoordinated with kommasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of infunnitWhat would she think of him?
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of tänkaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänkahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkatänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceomofom · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tänka- 27
He felt a pang in his heart and wanted to hurry after her, but then one of his friends said: »Things are said to be bad with Stenberg, the «överliggare», you know.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändekändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of styngstyngpangstyng · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kändeiini · prepositionpreposition marking hjärtathjärtathearthjärta · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kändeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skyndaskyndato hurryskynda · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kändeefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skyndamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kändeenoneman · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of sadeSurfaces are only "en"/"En" used as a counting pronoun ("en av dem" = "one of them"), not the indefinite generic pronoun man/en ("one does X"). Lemma is mistagged as man; it should be en (numeral pronoun "one"). Gloss "one" happens to still be correct.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking vännerhanshishan · pronounpossessor of vännervännerfriendsvänn · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies enDetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ståläris said tolär · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of ståmodal expressing hearsay or likelihood.
ståstandstå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceillabadlyilla · adverbcomplement of ståtillaretill · prepositiondepends on ståmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking StenbergStenbergStenbergStenberg · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of ståöverliggarenthe overliggareöverliggar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with StenbergHistoric Swedish student-slang for a student who fails to graduate on time; kept untranslated as in the source, matching the studio translation.
niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
vetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to stå He's fallen ill this evening.»
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesjuksicksjuk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitithis eveningi · prepositionmodifies sjukaftoneveningafton · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase i— »It's nothing dangerous, I hope?»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of farligtärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to farligtvälI hopeväl · adverbmodifies farligtintenotinte · particlemodifies farligtnågotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies farligtfarligtdangerousfarlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasehellereitherheller · adverbmodifies farligtthe student said quickly.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencestudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadehastigtquicklyhastig · adverbmodifies sade— »It was something with his heart.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with hjärtatvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to hjärtatnågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase varåtwithåt · prepositionpreposition marking hjärtathjärtathearthjärta · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseHe's had a nasty attack, and it may come back at any moment.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haftharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of anfallstyggtnastystygg · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies anfallanfallattackanfall · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of haftochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of kommakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with haftigenagainigen · adverbdepends on kommanärwhennär · adverbmodifies kommaFunctions as a subordinating conjunction, not an adverb.
someversom · conjunctionpart of the phrase närhelstevergärna · adverbpart of the phrase närType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
The doctor thought it was some sorrow weighing on him.
Doktornthe DoctorDoktorn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of troddetroddethoughttrodde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sorgdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sorgvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to sorgnågonsomenågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sorgsorgsorrowsorg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of troddesomthatsom · pronounsubject of tyngdeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
tyngdeweighed downtyngde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sorghonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of tyngdeWhether he'd get well depended on whether that sorrow could be lifted.»
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blihanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bliskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencebrawellbra · adverbmodifies blidetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of beroddeberoddewas due tobero · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to blipåonpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of hävasomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hävasdeniten · pronoun, common gender, singulardeterminer of sorgensorgensorrowsorg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive hävaskundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hävashävasbe liftedhäva · verb, passive, infinitiveadverbial clause on berodde- 28
A little while after this the student came in to see the «överliggare».
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of komefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies stundkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencestudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komininin · adverbdepends on komtillto seetill · prepositionpreposition marking överliggarenöverliggarenthe overliggareöverliggar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of inHistoric Swedish student-slang for a student who fails to graduate on time; kept untranslated as in the source, matching the studio translation.
He lay in his bed, very pale and weak, and was hardly quite himself after the severe attack.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceiini · prepositionpreposition marking sängsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of sängsängbedsäng · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågmycketverymycket · adverbmodifies blekblekpaleblek · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmattweakmatt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with blekochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to redigknappasthardlyknappast · adverbmodifies redigriktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies redigredigquite himselfredig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with lågefterfromefter · prepositionpreposition marking anfalletdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of anfalletsvåradifficultsvår · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies anfalletanfalletattackanfall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of redig»I've come to talk with you about your book,» said the student.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of talaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of talainfinitive marker before a verb.
talato speaktala · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kommitmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talaomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking bokdinyourdu · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of bokbokbookbok · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to talastudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade»It was a splendid piece of work, you know.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of arbetevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to arbeteettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of arbetepräktigtsplendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies arbetearbeteworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasevetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to arbeteduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetI've seldom read anything so good.»
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lästharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lästsällanseldomsällan · adverbmodifies lästlästreadläsa · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencenågotanythingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of lästsåsoså · adverbmodifies brabragoodbra · adverbmodifies läst- 29
The «överliggare» sat up and stared at the student.
Överliggarenthe perpetual studentÖverliggaren · proper noun, nominativesubject of sattesattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of satteuppupupp · adverbdepends on satteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstirradestaredstirra · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with satteReally the past tense of the verb stirra ('to stare'), mistagged here as an adjective.
påatpå · prepositionpreposition marking studentenstudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of satte »Why were you so odd this afternoon?»
Varförwhyvarför · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies »duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on varsålike thisså · adverbmodifies besynnerligdärtheredär · adverbmodifies besynnerligbesynnerligstrangebesynnerlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on varithis afternooni · prepositionpreposition marking eftermiddagseftermiddagsthis afternooneftermiddags · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of besynnerlig— »I was in a foul mood, because I'd been failed in an examination.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lynnevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to lynnevidinvid · prepositionpreposition marking lynnedåligtbaddålig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies lynnelynnemoodlynne · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on —därförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of blivitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därförjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on lynnekuggadfailedkuggad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitiini · prepositionpreposition marking tentamenenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tentamententamenexaminationtentamen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kuggadI didn't think you cared so much about my opinion.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of troddetroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies troddeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bryddeduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bryddebryddecaredbrydde · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of troddeOccurs mainly in the reflexive idiom 'brydde sig om' meaning 'cared about/bothered'.
digyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of bryddesåsoså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies bryddeomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking meningminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of meningpossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
meningopinionmening · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bryddeI was very pleased with your book.»
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of nöjdvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to nöjdsåveryså · adverbmodifies nöjdnöjdpleasednöjd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking bokdinyourdu · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of bokbokbookbok · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nöjd- 30
The sick man looked at him searchingly and grew ever more certain that the student wanted to hide something from him.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sjukesjukesicksjuk · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
forskandesearchinglyforska · adjective, nominativesubject of sågpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sågalltmermore and morealltmer · adverbmodifies blevvisscertain/sureviss · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevomthatom · prepositionintroduces the clause of döljaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of döljastudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of döljavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of döljadöljato hidedölja · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on blevnågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of döljaförfromför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of dölja »You're only saying that because you've heard I've fallen ill, and want to comfort me.»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phrasedärtheredär · adverbmodifies sägersägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on Detduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägerbarajustbara · adverbmodifies sägerdärförbecausedärför · adverbmodifies sägerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of höraduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höraharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörafåttheardfå · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of höra"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
hörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of sägerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivitjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hörasjuksicksjuk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tröstatröstato comforttrösta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with blivitmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of trösta— »Not at all.
Visstcertainlyvisst · adverbhead of the phraseintenotinte · particlemodifies VisstIt was an excellent piece of work, you may be sure of that.»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of arbetevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to arbeteettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of arbeteutmärktexcellentutmärkd · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies arbetearbeteworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of visskancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of vissduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vissvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to vissvisscertain/sureviss · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularparallel clause to arbeteomofom · prepositionpreposition marking det— »Have you really not destroyed it, as I asked you to?»
Harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of förstörtduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstörtverkligenreallyverkligen · adverbmodifies förstörtintenotinte · particlemodifies förstörtförstörtdestroyedförstöra · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of förstörtsomassom · pronoundirect object of badThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of badbadaskedbe · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on förstörtdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of badgöradogöra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of bad— »I'm not mad, am I?»
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of galenärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to galenvälam Iväl · adverbmodifies ärintenotinte · particlemodifies ärgalenmadgal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on —hellereitherheller · adverbmodifies galen— »Bring it here, then!
Tataketa · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencehitherehit · adverbdepends on Tadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of Tadåthendå · adverbmodifies TaShow me you haven't destroyed it, and then I'll believe you!»
Visashowvisa · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of Visaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förstörtduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstörtintenotinte · particlemodifies förstörtharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of förstörtförstörtdestroyedförstöra · verb, active, supineclausal complement of Visadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of förstörtsåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on troskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of trojagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trotrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with förstörtdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of trosaid the sick man, and sank back onto the pillow, so weak and faint that the student feared he would have another attack.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sjukesjukesicksjuk · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsjönksanksjönk · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadenerdownner · adverbdepends on sjönkpåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking kuddenkuddenthe pillowkudd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sjönksåsoså · adverbmodifies svagsvagweaksvag · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmattweakmatt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with svagattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fruktadestudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fruktadefruktadefearedfrukta · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of sadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfåhavefå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fruktadeigenagainigen · adverbdepends on fåanfalletattackanfall · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of få- 31
The student felt terribly wretched.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of kändevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to kändeförfärligtterribleförfärlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies kändesåveryså · adverbmodifies eländigeländigwretchedeländig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies studentenstudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändekändefeltkän · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast tense 'kände' of känna, here in the sense 'recognized'; same surface as käna but a distinct sense of the polysemous verb.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kände He took the sick man's hands between his own and told him that his manuscript had blown away, and told him how unhappy he had felt the whole day, because he had done him such great harm.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of händersjukesthe sick man'ssjukes · adjective, nominativemodifies händerhänderhappenshända · verb, present, indicative, activedirect object of togmellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking honomsinahis ownsig · pronoun, pluralpart of the phrase mellanochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationberättadetoldberätta · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with sinaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of togattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blåsthanshishan · pronounpossessor of handskrifthandskriftmanuscripthandskrift · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blåsthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blåstblåstblownblåsa · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on togAll four examples use 'blåst' as the noun meaning 'wind/gale' (efter all blåst, med blåst och duggregn, storm och blåst, samma blåst och köld), not as the supine of the verb blåsa ('has blown'); the type record conflates the homograph. Default gloss corrected to the attested noun sense.
bortawaybort · adverbdepends on blåstochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with toghonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sadehurhowhur · adverbmodifies olyckligolyckligunhappyolycklig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on känthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of käntkäntfeltkän · verb, active, supineclausal complement of sadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of känthelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of käntdärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of vållatattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därförhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vållathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vållatvållatcausedvålla · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on känthonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of vållatsåsuchså · adverbmodifies storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies skadaskadaharmskada · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of vållat- 32
When he had finished, the sick man lay patting his hand.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slutadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slutadeslutadestoppedsluta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sjukesjukesicksjuk · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationklappadepattedklappa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with låghanshishan · pronounpossessor of handhandhandhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of klappade »You're kind, truly kind.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of snällärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to snällsnällkindsnäll · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseriktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies snällsnällkindsnäll · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with snällBut don't trouble to make up stories to spare me!
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbryto trouble oneselfbry · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of bryintenotinte · particlemodifies bryomtoom · prepositionintroduces the clause of sättaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sättainfinitive marker before a verb.
sättato set/putsätta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on bryihoptogetherihop · adverbdepends on sättahistorierstorieshistori · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sättaförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of sparaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sparainfinitive marker before a verb.
sparato sparespara · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sättamigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sparaI understand that you've obeyed me and destroyed the manuscript because it was bad, but you won't admit it now.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstårförstårunderstand(s)förstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of harduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of förstårlyttobeyedlytt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of harmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of harochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförstörtdestroyedförstöra · verb, active, supinecoordinated with harhandskriftenmanuscripthandskrift · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of förstörtdärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of dåligattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därfördenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of dåligvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to dåligdåligbaddålig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on förstörtmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of erkännavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of erkännaintenotinte · particlemodifies erkännaerkännato admiterkänna · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with dåligdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of erkännanunownu · adverbmodifies erkännaYou think I can't bear it.»
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bärajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bäraintenotinte · particlemodifies bärakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bärabärato carrybära · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of trordetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of bära- 33
The student swore and protested that he had spoken the truth, but the other was stubborn and would not believe him.
Studentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bedyradebedyradesworebedyra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförsäkradeprotestedförsäkrad · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with bedyradeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of talathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of talattalattalkedtala · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on bedyradesanningtruthsanning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of talatmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andreandreotherandre · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of envisvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to envisenvisstubbornenvis · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with bedyrademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sittsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of envispossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trointenotinte · particlemodifies trotrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with envishonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of tro »If you could give me back the manuscript, I would believe you,» he said.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of geduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gegeto givege · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tromigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of getillbakabacktillbaka · adverbdepends on gehandskriftenmanuscripthandskrift · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of geskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trojagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trotrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of trosadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to trohanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade- 34
He grew steadily worse, and the student was at last forced to go on his way, because he saw that he was only making the other man worse.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencealltsteadilyallt · adverbmodifies sjukaresjukareworsesjukare · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gåtillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies varsistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase tilltvungenforcedtvunga · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase tillatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gåinfinitive marker before a verb.
gågogå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with blevsinawaysig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of vägvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gådärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of sågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därförhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gåpast tense of se, 'to see.'
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gjordehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordebarajustbara · adverbmodifies gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of sågdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andreandreotherandre · adjective, nominative, masculine, singulardirect object of gjordesämreworsedålig · adverbmodifies gjorde - 35
When he came home, he felt such heaviness and weariness upon him that he could barely keep himself upright.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kändehemhomehem · adverbmodifies komkändefeltkändäge · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceSurface 'kände' is past tense of 'känna' (to feel); the lemma 'kändäge' is a parser artifact.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tyngdsådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tyngdsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
tyngdweighttyngd · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kändeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtrötthetwearinesströtthet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with tyngdöveruponöver · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of kändeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hållahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hållaknappthardlyknappt · adverbmodifies hållakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållahållato stay uprighthålla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kändesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of hållauppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies hålla He made tea and then went and lay down.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kokadekokademadekoka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceteteate · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kokadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kokadesedanthensedan · adverbdepends on gickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationladelay downla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gick"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ladeAs he pulled the covers over himself, he thought of how happy he had felt that morning.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of droghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of drogdrogdrewdrog · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tänkteöveroveröver · prepositiondepends on drogsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of drogtäcketthe coverstäck · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of drogtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktepåofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of lycklighurhowhur · adverbmodifies lyckliglycklighappylycklig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on känthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lycklighadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of käntkäntfeltkän · verb, active, supineclausal complement of tänktesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of käntpåin the morningpå · prepositionpreposition marking morgonenmorgonenmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of käntNow he had ruined a great deal for himself, but that he could bear.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies förstörthadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förstörthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstörtförstörtdestroyedförstöra · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencemycketa great dealmycket · adverbmodifies förstörtförforför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of förstörtsjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sigmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of bärakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bärahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bärajuafter allju · adverbmodifies bärabärato carrybära · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with förstört»The worst of it is that I shall have this to think of my whole life through, that I have brought a man to ruin,» he said.
Detaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of värstavärstaworstond · adjective, nominative, superlativehead of the phraseärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to värstaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfåhavefå · verb, active, infinitivedepends on värstadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of fåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tänkainfinitive marker before a verb.
tänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fåpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking livethelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies livetlivetlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of tänkaigenomthroughigenom · prepositionpreposition marking tänkaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vållatjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vållatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of vållatvållatcausedvålla · verb, active, supinecoordinated with fåenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of människasmänniskashuman'smänniska · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of olyckaolyckamisfortuneolycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of vållatsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vållathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade- 36
He believed he would not sleep a wink that night.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of troddetroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sovahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sovaallsat allalls · adverbmodifies sovaintenotinte · particlemodifies sovaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sovafåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of sovasovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of troddedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of nattennattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sova But, strangely enough, he dropped off as soon as he had laid his head on the pillow.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbesynnerligtstrangelybesynnerlig · adverbadverbial clause on slumradenogenoughnog · adverbmodifies besynnerligtslumradedozed offslumra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slumradeininin · adverbdepends on slumradesåasså · adverbintroduces the clause of lagtsnartsoonsnart · adverbpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lagthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lagtlagtlaidlägga · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on slumradenerdownner · adverbdepends on lagthuvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of lagtpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking kuddenkuddenthe pillowkudd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lagtHe had not even had time to put out the lamp burning on the nightstand beside him before he fell asleep.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of släckaintenotinte · particlemodifies hadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångevengång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadehunnithad timehinna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of släckasläckaput outsläcka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencelampanthe lamplampan · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of släckasomthatsom · pronounsubject of brannThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
brannburnedbrann · verb, active, supinerelative clause on lampanpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking nattduksbordetnattduksbordetnightstandnattduksbord · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of brannbredvidbesidebredvid · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of branninnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of somnadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of somnadesomnadefell asleepsomna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on släcka- 37
THE SPRING FESTIVAL.
VÅRFESTENTHE SPRING FESTIVALvÅRFESTEN · nounhead of the phrase - 38
But now it happened that, as the student fell asleep, a small little fellow, dressed in yellow leather breeches, a green waistcoat, and a white pointed cap, stood on the roof outside his dormer window, thinking that if he were in the place of the one who now lay in there in his bed, he would be very happy.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies föllföllfellföll · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with föllsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of föllsåsoså · adverbmodifies föllattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of somnadenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of somnadestudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of somnadesomnadefell asleepsomna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on föllstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with föllenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of parvellitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies parvelparvellittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodsomwhosom · pronounsubject of kläddThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to kläddklädddressedklädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularparallel clause to stodiini · prepositionpreposition marking skinnbyxorgulayellowgul · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies skinnbyxorskinnbyxorleather breechesskinnbyxor · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of kläddgröngreengrön · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies västvästwaistcoatväst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with kläddochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvitwhitevit · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies toppluvatoppluvapointed captoppluva · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with kläddpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking takettaketrooftak · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kläddutanföroutsideutanför · prepositionpreposition marking vindskupahanshishan · pronounpossessor of vindskupavindskupadormer windowvindskupa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies taketochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kläddattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lyckligomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vorehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vorevorewerevara · verb, past, subjunctive, activeadverbial clause on lyckligiini · prepositionpreposition marking ställedensthe one'sd · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of ställeställeplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of voresomwhosom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
nunownu · adverbmodifies låglåglayligga · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on ställemistagged as adjective; the surface 'låg' here is the past tense of ligga 'to lie', not the unrelated adjective låg 'low'.
därinnein theredärinne · adverbmodifies lågiini · prepositionpreposition marking sängsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of sängsängbedsäng · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of därinneskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lycklighanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lyckligvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to lyckligbraverybra · adverbmodifies lyckliglycklighappylycklig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on klädd - 39
That Nils Holgersson, who a couple of hours earlier had been lying resting on a marsh-marigold tussock by Ekolsund Bay, now found himself in Uppsala, was owing to Bataki the raven, who had lured him along on an adventure.
Attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of befannNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativesubject of befannHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilssomwhosom · pronounsubject of legatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
föragoför · prepositionpreposition marking timmarettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies timmartimmarhourstimme · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of legatsedanthensedan · adverbdepends on timmarhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of legatlegatlainlegat · verb, active, supinerelative clause on Holgerssonochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvilatrestedvila · verb, active, supinecoordinated with legatpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking kabbelökstuvaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kabbelökstuvakabbelökstuvamarsh-marigold tussockkabbelökstuva · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of legatvidbyvid · prepositionpreposition marking EkolsundsvikenEkolsundsvikenEkolsund BayEkolsundsviken · proper noun, nominativemodifies kabbelökstuvanunownu · adverbmodifies befannbefannfound himselfbefanna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceReflexive 'befann sig' means 'was located/found himself'; lemma should be 'befinna'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of befanniini · prepositionpreposition marking UppsalaUppsalaUppsalaUppsala · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of befannSwedish university city.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of beroddeberoddewas due tobero · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to befannpåowing topå · prepositionpreposition marking BatakiBatakiBatakibataki · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of beroddekorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Batakisomwhosom · pronounsubject of lockatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lockatlockatluredlocka · verb, active, supinerelative clause on Batakihonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lockatmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of lockatpåon an adventurepå · prepositionpreposition marking äventyräventyradventureäventyr · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sig - 40
The boy himself had not expected anything of the sort.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väntatsjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on Pojkenhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of väntatintenotinte · particlemodifies väntatväntatexpectedvänta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of väntatnågotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sådantsådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of väntat He had been lying on the tussock staring up at the sky when he saw Bataki come flying among the drifting clouds.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of legathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of legatlegatlainlega · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceSupine of 'ligga' (to lie); lemma should be 'ligga'.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking tuvantuvantussocktuva · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of legatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstirratstaredstirra · verb, active, supinecoordinated with legatuppåtupwarduppåt · adverbmodifies stirrathimlenskyhiml · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of stirratdåwhendå · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommasettseense · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on kommaBatakiBatakibataki · noun, genitive, neuter, singulardepends on settkommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stirratflygandeflyingflyga · adjective, nominativedirect object of kommablandamongbland · prepositionpreposition marking molnendetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of molnenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
bortdragandedrifting awaybortdragande · adjective, nominativemodifies molnenmolnencloudsmolnen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of kommaThe boy would rather have hidden himself away from him, but Bataki had already caught sight of him, and in a moment he had landed right among the marsh marigolds and begun to chat, as though he and Thumbietot were the best of friends.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehelstrathergärna · adverbmodifies hadeType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
velatwantedvela · verb, active, supinemodifies hadelemma should be vilja 'to want'; velat is its supine form.
gömmato hidegömma · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of hadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of gömmaundanawayundan · adverbmodifies gömmaförfromför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gömmamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationBatakiBatakibataki · proper noun, nominativesubject of märkthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of märktredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies märktmärktnoticedmärka · verb, active, supinecoordinated with hadehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of märktochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationominom · prepositionpreposition marking ögonblickettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ögonblickögonblickmomentögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ståtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ståtthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ståttståttstoodstå · verb, active, supinecoordinated with hademittiblandright amongmittibland · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kabbelökenFunctions as the preposition 'mittibland' (right in the midst of), mistagged as a noun.
kabbelökenmarsh marigoldkabbelök · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ståttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbörjatbegunbörja · verb, active, supinecoordinated with ståttspråkachatspråka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjatsomas thoughsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of voreomifom · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase somhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of voreochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with hanthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
vorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activeadverbial clause on börjatdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vännerSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
bästabestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies vännervännerfriendsvänn · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of vore- 41
Gloomy and solemn as Bataki looked, the boy had noticed that he still had a mischievous glint in his eye.
Såasså · adverbmodifies dysterdystergloomydyst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhögtidligsolemnhögtidlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with dystersomassom · subordinating conjunctiondirect object of sågBatakiBatakiBataki · proper noun, nominativesubject of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with dysterutlookut · adverbdepends on såghadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of märktpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märktmärktnoticedmärka · verb, active, supineparallel clause to dysterattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadeändåstilländå · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of märktenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of glimtodygdignaughtyodygdig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies glimtglimtglintglimt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking ögatögateyeöga · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hade He had a feeling that the raven had come to make fun of him in one way or another, and he had resolved not to pay any attention to what he said.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hafthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of förnimmelseförnimmelsefeelingförnimmelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haftavthatav · prepositionintroduces the clause of kommitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommitkorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on haftförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of göraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
påin one waypå · prepositionpreposition marking sättettaen · numeral, nominative, neuter, singulardeterminer of sättelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with ettsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of görafåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of göragöramakegöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kommitsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of göralustigfunlustig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of göraöveroföver · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of göraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of beslutathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of beslutatbeslutatdecidedbesluta · verb, active, supinecoordinated with haftattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fästaintenotinte · particlemodifies fästaallsat allalls · adverbmodifies fästafästapay attentionfästa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of beslutatsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of fästavidtovid · prepositionpreposition marking vadvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of sadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fästa- 42
The raven had said that he had indeed thought about the fact that he owed Thumbietot some compensation, since he had not been able to tell him where the Brother's Portion lay, and that was why he had now come to let him in on another secret.
Korpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sagthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagtsagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tänkthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktnogindeednog · adverbmodifies tänkthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänkttänktthoughttänka · verb, active, supineclausal complement of sagtpåaboutpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of skyldigattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skyldighanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skyldigvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to skyldigskyldigowedskyldig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on tänktTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativecomplement of sagtthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
någonsomenågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ersättningersättningcompensationersättning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of Tummetottdärförsincedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of talaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därförhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talaintenotinte · particlemodifies talahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of talakunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of talatalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on Tummetottomtellom · prepositiondepends on talaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to fannsbrorslottenlion's sharebrorslott · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannsIdiom; historically the eldest brother's larger inheritance share.
fannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativeclausal complement of sagtexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärförthat was whydärför · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sagthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komnunownu · adverbmodifies komförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of meddelaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of meddelainfinitive marker before a verb.
meddelasharemeddela · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on komhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of meddelaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hemlighetannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hemlighethemlighetsecrethemlighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of meddela For Bataki knew how one who had been transformed as he had could become a human being again.
BatakiBatakibataki · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of vissteProper name (the raven), mistagged as a common noun.
vissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenämligenfornämligen · adverbmodifies vissteExplanatory connective, not the literal 'namely' in most narrative uses.
hurhowhur · adverbmodifies blidenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of blisomwhosom · pronounsubject of blivitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinerelative clause on denförvandladtransformedförvandla · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitBackbone mistags this as an adjective; the surface (förvandlad) is the past participle of förvandla, 'to turn into'.
sålike thatså · adverbmodifies förvandladdärtheredär · adverbmodifies förvandladsomassom · subordinating conjunctionmodifies förvandladhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blivitkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of visstemänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bliigenagainigen · adverbmodifies människa- 43
It is certain that the raven had believed the boy would snap at the bait at once, when he cast out such a lure.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with säkertärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to säkertsäkertsurelysäker · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseused adverbially, 'certainly/surely'.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of trottkorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trotthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trotttrottbelievedtrott · verb, active, supinedepends on säkertattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of nappapojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of nappagenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies nappaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of nappanappatake the baitnappa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of trottpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking krokhanshishan · pronounpossessor of krokkrokhookkrok · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nappanärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kastadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kastadekastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on nappautoutut · adverbdepends on kastadeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of betesådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies betebetegrazingbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kastade But instead the boy had answered quite dismissively, that he knew he was to become a human being again if he could bring the white gander safely first up to Lapland and then down to Skåne.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiinsteadi · prepositionmodifies hadeställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase ihadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of svaratpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svaratsvaratansweredsvaraa · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies avvisandeavvisandedismissivelyavvisande · adjective, nominativecomplement of svaratattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of visstehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on svaratattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fickhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickwas to becomefå · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with svaratmänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bliigenagainigen · adverbmodifies bliomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of föraförabringföra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on blidenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåskarlenvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gåskarlengåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies oskaddmorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
oskaddsafelyoskadd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of föraförstfirstförst · adverbmodifies Lapplanduppupupp · adverbpart of the phrase försttilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking LapplandLapplandLaplandLappland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of föraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsedanthensedan · adverbmodifies nernerdownner · adverbcoordinated with Lapplandtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking SkåneSkåneSkåneSkåne · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of ner- 44
»You know it isn't so easy to bring a gander safely through the country,» Bataki had said.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lättdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lättintenotinte · particlemodifies lättärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to lättsåsoså · adverbmodifies lättlätteasylätt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of vetch01-p14 'ett lätt buller' renders as 'a faint noise' in the translation, a distinct sense from weight/air-lightness or ease.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förainfinitive marker before a verb.
förabringföra · verb, active, infinitivedepends on lättenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåskarlgåskarlgandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies välbehållenvälbehållensafelyvälbehåll · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of föraAdjective 'välbehållen' (safe and sound) used predicatively/adverbially.
genomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies välbehållenhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagtBatakiBatakibataki · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sagtThe raven character's name.
sagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supinecoordinated with vet »You might well need to know of another way out, in case this should fail you.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kännakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kännanogwellnog · adverbmodifies kännabehövato need tobehöva · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of kännakännato feelkänna · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencetillknow oftill · prepositiondepends on kännaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of utvägannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies utvägutvägway oututväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kännaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slådettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of slåskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slåslåfailslå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kännafelfailfel · adverbmodifies slåförforför · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slåBut if you want to know nothing of it, then I'll say no more.»
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vetaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetaingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies vetavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of vetavetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitivedepends on tigasåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on tiganogcertainlynog · adverbmodifies tigaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tigajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tigatigato be silenttig · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseInfinitive of tiga (to keep silent), mistagged as an adjective.
And so the boy had replied that he had nothing against Bataki telling him the secret.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåsoså · adverbadverbial clause on hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadegenmältrepliedgenmält · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of hadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadeintenotinte · particlemodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of hadenågotnothingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeemotagainstemot · adverbdepends on hadeomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of talaBatakiBatakibataki · proper noun, nominativesubject of talavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of talatalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with hadeomtellom · prepositionpreposition marking hemlighetenhemlighetensecrethemlighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies hemligheten- 45
»That I will do too,» Bataki had said, »but not until the right moment.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of göraskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of görajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of göraocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies göragöradogöra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förklaratBatakiBatakibataki · proper noun, nominativesubject of förklaratförklaratsaidförklara · verb, active, supinecoordinated with göramenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies ögonblicketförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies ögonblicketused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
iati · prepositionpreposition marking ögonblicketdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ögonblicketrättarighträtt · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies ögonblicketögonblicketmomentögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with förklarat Get up on my back and come along with me on a little outing, and we'll see whether a suitable occasion doesn't present itself!»
Sättget upsätt · verb, imperative, activedepends on sedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of Sättoppupopp · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on SättMistagged as a noun; opp is the colloquial spelling of upp, "up".
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking ryggminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of ryggpossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
ryggbackrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Sättochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationföljcome alongfölj · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with Sättmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of följpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking utfärdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of utfärdutfärdoutingutfärd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of följsåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on sefårwillfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of seviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of seseseese · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of yppadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with yppaintenotinte · particlemodifies yppakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of yppayppapresent itselfyppa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of sesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of yppaettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of tillfällelämpligtsuitablelämplig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies tillfälletillfällechancetillfälle · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of yppaThen the boy had grown doubtful again, for he did not quite know where he stood with Bataki.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadeåterigenagainåterig · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies blivitThis is the adverb återigen 'again', mistagged as a noun.
blivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hadetveksamhesitanttveksam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of visstehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blivitintenotinte · particlemodifies riktigtriktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies visstevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to hadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hadeBatakiBatakibataki · proper noun, nominativedirect object of hade»You surely don't dare trust yourself to me,» the raven had said.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive törstörsdarestöra · verb, present, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentencenogsurelynog · adverbmodifies törsintenotinte · particlemodifies törsanförtroto entrustanförtro · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive törsInfinitive verb 'anförtro', mistagged as a noun.
digyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of anförtroåttoåt · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of törshadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagtkorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sagtsagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on törsBut the boy could not bear to hear that he might be afraid of anything, and in the next moment he had been sitting on the raven's back.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tålakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tålaintenotinte · particlemodifies tålatålabeartåla · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hörainfinitive marker before a verb.
hörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of tålaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of räddhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räddskullemightskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of räddvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to räddräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of tålaförofför · prepositionpreposition marking någontingnågontinganythingnågonting · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of räddochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiini · prepositionpreposition marking ögonblicknästanextnästa · adjective, nominativemodifies ögonblickögonblickmomentögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of suttithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of suttithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of suttitsuttitsatsutta · verb, active, supinecoordinated with räddArchaic spelling of suttit, the supine of sitta ("to sit").
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking korpryggenkorpryggenraven's backkorprygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of suttit- 46
After that Bataki had carried him to Uppsala.
Därpåthen/after thatdärpå · adverbsubject of förthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förtBatakiBatakibataki · proper noun, nominativesubject of förtförtcarriedföra · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of förttilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking UppsalaUppsalaUppsalaUppsala · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of förtSwedish university city.
He had set him down on a roof, asked him to look about him, and then asked whom he thought it was that lived and ruled in this town.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of satthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sattsattputsätta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencenerdownner · adverbdepends on satthonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sattpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking takettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of taktakrooftak · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sattbettaskedbeda · verb, active, supinecoordinated with sattSupine of be "to ask".
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of bettseseese · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of bettsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of seomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies seochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsedanthensedan · adverbmodifies frågatfrågataskedfrågaa · verb, active, supinecoordinated with sevemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of troddehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of troddetroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of frågatdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of troddevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies troddesomthatsom · pronounsubject of boddeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
boddelivedbodde · verb, past, indicative, activein apposition to troddeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstyrdesteeredstyra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with boddeiini · prepositionpreposition marking stadendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stadenhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase denstadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of styrde- 47
The boy had looked out over the town.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceutoutut · adverbdepends on settöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking stadenstadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ut It was fairly large and lay handsomely in the middle of a wide, cultivated plain.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of storvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to stortämligenfairlytämligen · adverbmodifies storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlåglaylåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with storpräktigtsplendidlypräktig · adverbmodifies mittpåmittpåin the middlemittpå · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies storenaen · determiner, common gender, singularoblique complement of storvidwidevid · prepositionpart of the phrase enodladcultivatedodla · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies slättslättplainslätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with enIt had many buildings that looked stately and grand, and on a ridge stood a solidly built castle with two massive towers.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of ägdeägdeownedäg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hushushouseshus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of ägdesomthatsom · pronounsubject of sågoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
sågosawsågoa · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on husLemma/tag are corrupted; sågo is the plural past tense of se ("saw"), not a noun or present tense.
ansenligaimposingansenlig · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of sågoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförnämagrandförnäma · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with ansenligautlookut · adverbmodifies sågoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking lågenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of åsåsridgeås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ägdeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of slottfastsolidlyfast · adverbmodifies uppmuratuppmuratsolidly builtuppmura · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies slottslottcastleslott · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of lågmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking torntvåtwotvå · numeral, nominativequantifies torngrovacoarsegrov · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies torntorntowerstorn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralclause modifying slott»Maybe it's the king and his men who live here?»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of kungenärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to kungenkanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies kungenkungenkingkung · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanshishan · pronounpossessor of mänmänmenman · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with kungensomwhosom · pronounsubject of borThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
borlivesbo · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on mänhärherehär · adverbmodifies borhe had said.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sagtsagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentence- 48
»That's not so badly guessed,» the raven had answered.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gissatärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to gissatintenotinte · particlemodifies gissatsåsoså · adverbmodifies illaillabadlyilla · adverbmodifies gissatgissatguessedgissa · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of svaratkorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svaratsvaratansweredsvara · verb, active, supineparallel clause to gissat »This was once a royal city, but that grandeur is over now.»
Dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of förrharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of förrvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to förrenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kungastadkungastadroyal citykungastad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förrförrbeforeförr · adverbhead of the phraseioncei · prepositionpreposition marking världenvärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förrmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies slutärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to slutdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of slutslutendslut · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with förrpåoverpå · prepositionpreposition marking ståtendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ståtenståtenthe grandeurståt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slut- 49
The boy had looked around once more, and then he had noticed above all the great cathedral, lying gleaming in the evening light with three tall spires, fine portals, and adorned walls.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of settomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies enänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase omkringenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of settochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies lagthadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lagthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lagtframförin front offramför · prepositionmodifies lagtallteverythingall · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase framförlagtnoticedlaga · verb, active, supinecoordinated with settch35-p49-s1 'lagt märke till' is the idiom "noticed," not literal "laid."
märkenoticemärke · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on lagtBoth attested examples are the idiom 'lägga märke till' = 'to notice', not the bare noun 'mark'; flag as context-dependent so the idiomatic sense isn't lost.
tillnoticetill · prepositionpreposition marking domkyrkandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of domkyrkanstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies domkyrkanweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
domkyrkancathedraldomkyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lagtsomwhichsom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of låglåglayligga · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on domkyrkanmistagged as adjective; the surface 'låg' here is the past tense of ligga 'to lie', not the unrelated adjective låg 'low'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblänktegleamedblänkte · verb, imperative, activecoordinated with lågActually the past tense of blänka "to gleam", mislabeled as imperative.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking aftonljusetaftonljusetthe evening lightaftonljus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of lågmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking tornspirortrethreetre · numeral, nominativequantifies tornspirorhögatallhög · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tornspirortornspirorspirestornspira · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of lågskönabeautifulskön · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies portalerportalerportalsportal · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with tornspirorochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmyckadeadornedsmyckad · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies väggarväggarwallsvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with tornspiror »Maybe it's a bishop and his priests who live here?»
Kanskeperhapskanske · adverbhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of biskopdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of biskopärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to biskopenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of biskopbiskopbishopbiskop · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on Kanskeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanshishan · pronounpossessor of prästerprästerpriestspräst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with biskopsomwhosom · pronounsubject of borThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
borlivesbo · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on prästerhärherehär · adverbmodifies borhe had said.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sagtsagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentence- 50
»That's not so badly guessed,» the raven had answered.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gissatärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to gissatintenotinte · particlemodifies gissatsåsoså · adverbmodifies illaillabadlyilla · adverbmodifies gissatgissatguessedgissa · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of svaratkorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svaratsvaratansweredsvara · verb, active, supineparallel clause to gissat »Archbishops once lived here, as mighty as kings, and an archbishop still lives here today, but it isn't he who rules here now.»
Härherehär · adverbmodifies harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bottbottlivedbott · verb, active, supinesubject of harärkebiskopararchbishopsärkebiskop · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of harsomwhosom · pronounsubject of mäktigaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to mäktigalikaequallylika · adverbmodifies mäktigamäktigamightymäktig · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on ärkebiskoparsomassom · prepositionpreposition marking kungarFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
kungarkingskung · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of mäktigaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with borborlivesbo · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with harenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ärkebiskopärkebiskopan archbishopärkebiskop · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of borhärherehär · adverbmodifies boränthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of iitodayi · prepositionadverbial clause on bordagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase imenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies detärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularcoordinated with harhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of detsomwhosom · pronounsubject of regerarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
nunownu · adverbmodifies regerarregerarrulesregera · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on hanhärherehär · adverbmodifies regerar- 51
»Then I don't know what to guess,» the boy had said.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetintenotinte · particlemodifies vetvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hittajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hittaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hittahittaguesshitta · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of vetpåguesspå · prepositiondepends on hittahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagtpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sagtsagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supinecoordinated with vet — »Well, it's learning that lives and rules in this town,» the raven had said, »and the great buildings you see on every side are raised for it and its people.»
Jowell/yesjo · interjectionmodifies »used to affirm or answer a question, often contradicting an implied doubt.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of lärdomenärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to lärdomenlärdomenlearninglärdom · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of restasomthatsom · pronounsubject of borThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
borlivesbo · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on lärdomenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationregerarrulesregera · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with boriini · prepositionpreposition marking stadendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stadenhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase denstadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of regerarhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagtkorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sagtsagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supineparallel clause to lärdomenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of byggnadernaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
storabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies byggnadernabyggnadernabuildingsbyggnad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with lärdomensomthatsom · pronoundirect object of serThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on byggnadernapåevery sidepå · prepositionpreposition marking hållallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of hållhålldirectionshåll · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of serärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to restarestaraisedresta · adjective, nominative, superlativehead of the phraseMislabeled as an adjective superlative; resta is the past participle of resa ("to raise/erect").
åtforåt · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of restaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanshishan · pronounpossessor of folkfolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with honom- 52
The boy had scarcely been able to think this likely.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of velathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of velatknappthardlyknappt · adverbmodifies velatvelatwantedvela · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencelemma should be vilja 'to want'; velat is its supine form.
hållato thinkhålla · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of velatdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hållaförasför · prepositionpreposition marking troligttroligtlikelytrolig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hålla »Just come along, and you'll see!»
KomcomeKom · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositiondepends on Kombarajustbara · adverbmodifies Komskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of seduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sefåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to Komthe raven had said, and so they had gone and looked at the great buildings.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagtkorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sagtsagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies farithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of faritdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of faritfarittraveledfara · verb, active, supinecoordinated with sagtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtittatlookedtittaa · verb, active, supinecoordinated with faritpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking husendetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of husenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
storabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies husenhusenhouseshus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of tittatThe windows had stood open in several places.
Fönsternathe windowsFönsterna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of ståtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ståttståttstoodstå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceöppnaopenöppna · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of ståttpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking ställenfleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ställenställenplacesställe · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of ståttThe boy had been able to peer in here and there, and he had seen that the raven was right.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tittahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tittakunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of tittatittato looktitta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceininin · adverbdepends on tittabådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhärherehär · adverboblique complement of tittaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärtheredär · adverbmodifies tittaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supinecoordinated with tittaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of haftkorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hafthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supineclausal complement of tittarättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haft- 53
Bataki had shown him the great library, full of books from the cellar to the rooftop.
BatakiBatakibataki · proper noun, nominativesubject of visathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of visatvisatshownvisa · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of visatdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of biblioteketstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies biblioteketweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
biblioteketthe librarybiblioteek · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of visatsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of varThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on biblioteketfulltfullfull · adverbmodifies varAdverbial use of full/fullt, e.g. 'fullt så' = 'quite as'.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking böckerböckerbooksböck · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralpart of the phrase varfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking källarenkällarenthe cellarkällar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies böckertilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking takåsentakåsenroof ridgetakås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies böcker He had taken him to the proud university building and shown him the splendid lecture halls.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förtförtcarriedföra · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of förttilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking universitetshusetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of universitetshusetstoltaimposingstolt · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies universitetshusetuniversitetshusetthe university buildinguniversitetshus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of förtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvisatshownvisa · verb, active, supinecoordinated with förthonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of visatdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of föreläsningssalarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
präktigasplendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies föreläsningssalarnaföreläsningssalarnathe lecture hallsföreläsningssal · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of visatHe had flown past the old building called Gustavianum, and the boy had seen stuffed animals through the windows.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flugithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flugitflugitflownfluga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceförbipastförbi · adverbdepends on flugitdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of byggnadengamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies byggnadenbyggnadenbuildingbyggnad · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of flugitsomthatsom · pronounsubject of passive kallasThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kallasis calledkalla · verb, present, indicative, passiverelative clause on byggnadenGustavianumGustavianumGustavianum · proper noun, nominativecomplement of kallasochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · auxiliary verb, active, supinecoordinated with kallasuppstoppadestuffeduppstoppad · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies djurdjuranimalsdjur · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of settgenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking fönsternafönsternathe windowsfönsterna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of settOlder definite plural form; modern Swedish normally has fönstren.
They had flown on over the great greenhouses with their many foreign plants, and they had looked down on the observatory, where the long tube stood pointed at the sky.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of flugithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flugitflugitflownfluga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceframforwardfram · adverbdepends on flugitöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking växthusendetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of växthusenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
storabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies växthusenväxthusenthe greenhousesväxthus · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flugitSurface 'växthusen' is definite plural, despite the singular morphology tag.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking mångadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of mångaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
mångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies växternafrämmandestrangefrämmande · adjective, nominativemodifies växternaväxternaplantsväxt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralin apposition to växthusenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of tittathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tittattittatlooked downtitta · verb, active, supinecoordinated with flugitnerdownner · adverbdepends on tittatpådown onpå · prepositionpreposition marking observatorietobservatorietthe observatoryobservatorium · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of tittatdärtheredär · adverbmodifies stoddenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tubenlångalonglång · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies tubentubenthe telescopetub · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on observatorietriktadpointedrikta · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of stodmotatmot · prepositionpreposition marking himlenhimlenskyhiml · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of riktad- 54
They had also hovered past many windows and seen old gentlemen with spectacles on their noses, who had sat writing or reading in rooms whose walls were lined with books, and they had flown past attic rooms where students lay stretched out on their sofas, struggling with fat bundles of papers.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of svävathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of svävatocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies svävatsvävathoveredsvävat · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceförbipastförbi · prepositionpreposition marking fönstermångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fönsterfönsterwindowsfönster · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of svävatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsettseense · verb, active, supinecoordinated with svävatgamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies herrarherrargentlemenherre · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of settmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking glasögonglasögonspectaclesglasögon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies herrarpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking näsannäsannosenäsa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies glasögonsomwhosom · pronounsubject of suttitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of suttitsuttitsatsutta · verb, active, supinerelative clause on näsanArchaic spelling of suttit, the supine of sitta ("to sit").
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskrivitwrittenskrivia · verb, active, supinecoordinated with suttitelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlästreadläsa · verb, active, supinecoordinated with suttitiini · prepositiondepends on lästrumroomrum · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase idärtheredär · adverbmodifies faritväggarnawallsvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vorovorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kringmuradearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
kringmuradewalledkringmura · adjective, nominative, pluralpart of the phrase däravwithav · prepositionpreposition marking böckerböckerbooksböck · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies kringmuradeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of farithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of faritfarittraveledfara · verb, active, supinerelative clause on näsanförbipastförbi · adverbdepends on faritvindsrumattic roomvindsrum · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of faritdärtheredär · adverbmodifies legatstudenternastudentsstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of legathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of legatlegatlainlega · verb, active, supinerelative clause on vindsrumSupine of 'ligga' (to lie); lemma should be 'ligga'.
utsträcktastretched oututsträckta · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of legatpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sofforsinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of sofforsofforsofassoffor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of utsträcktaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsträvatstruggledsträva · verb, active, supinecoordinated with legatmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking luntordigraweightydigr · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies luntorluntorbulky tomesluntor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of strävat - 55
At last the raven had settled on a roof.
Äntligenfinallyäntligen · adverbmodifies slagithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slagitkorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slagitslagitsettledslå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencenerdownner · adverbdepends on slagitpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking takettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of taktakrooftak · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of slagit »Do you see that it's true, as I say, and that learning is master here in this town?»
SerseeSer · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePresent tense of se ('to see'); capitalized here as sentence-initial.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Serattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of santdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of santärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to santsanttruesand · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of Serlemma mislabeled 'sand'; the actual word is the neuter form of 'sann' (true).
somassom · pronoundirect object of sägerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägersägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on santochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lärdomendetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lärdomenärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to lärdomenlärdomenlearninglärdom · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with santsomthatsom · pronounsubject of herreThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to herreherremasterherre · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on lärdomenCapitalized Herre in 'Vår Herre' means 'Our Lord'; lower-case herre elsewhere means 'gentleman/master'.
härherehär · adverbmodifies herreiini · prepositionpreposition marking stadenstadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of härhe had said, and the boy had admitted that he had been right.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sagtsagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of erkänterkäntadmittederkän · verb, active, supineclausal complement of sagtattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hafthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hafthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supineclausal complement of erkänträttrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haft»If I weren't a raven,» Bataki had gone on to say, »but only a human being like you, I would settle down here.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of korpjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of korpintenotinte · particlemodifies korpvorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to korpenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of korpkorpravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on slåhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagtBatakiBatakibataki · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sagtThe raven character's name.
vidarefurthervidare · adverbmodifies sagtsagtsaidsäga · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with korpReally the supine 'sagt' of the verb säga ('to say'), mistagged here as an adjective.
utanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
barajustbara · adverbmodifies människaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of människamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with korpsomlikesom · pronounintroduces the clause of duThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying människasåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on slåskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slåjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slåslåsettleslå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of slånerdownner · adverbmodifies slåhärherehär · adverbmodifies slåI would sit day in and day out in a room full of books and learn everything that stood in them.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sittaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sittasittato sitsitta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sittautoutut · adverbmodifies sittaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sittaininin · adverbmodifies sittaiini · prepositionpreposition marking rumettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of rumrumroomrum · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sittafulltfullfull · adverbmodifies sittaAdverbial use of full/fullt, e.g. 'fullt så' = 'quite as'.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking böckerböckerbooksböck · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sittaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationläralearnlära · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sittamigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of läraallteverythingallt · adverbmodifies lärasomthatsom · pronounsubject of stodThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
stodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on läraiini · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of stodWouldn't you like something of that sort too?»
SkullewouldSkola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of haduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haintenotinte · particlemodifies hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencelustdesirelust · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haförforför · prepositionpreposition marking sådantsådantsuch a thingsån · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of haduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on sådantmedwithmed · prepositiondepends on ha—
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»No, I do believe I'd rather go around with the wild geese,» the boy had answered.
Nejnonej · interjectiondepends on trordåindeeddå · adverbadverbial clause on trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of troralltallall · adverbmodifies trorattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of farjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of farhellreratherhellre · adverbmodifies farfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of troromkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies vildgässenmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of farattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of svaratpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svaratsvaratansweredsvara · verb, active, supinecoordinated with far — »Wouldn't you like to become one who can cure sicknesses?»
SkullewouldSkulle · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of haduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haintenotinte · particlemodifies hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencelustdesirelust · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bliinfinitive marker before a verb.
blibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on haenaen · determiner, common gender, singularintroduces the clause of sådansådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blisån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of botaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of botabotato curebota · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with hasjukdomarsicknessessjukdo · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of botathe raven had asked.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of frågatkorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågatfrågataskedfrågat · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentence— »Yes, that might well be so.»
Jowell/yesjo · interjectiondepends on varaused to affirm or answer a question, often contradicting an implied doubt.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varajumay wellju · adverbmodifies varasåsoså · adverbpart of the phrase juvarabevara · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentence— »Wouldn't you like to become one who knows everything that has happened in the world, who speaks every language, and can tell what paths the sun, moon, and stars run across the sky?»
SkullewouldSkulle · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of haduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haintenotinte · particlemodifies hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencelustdesirelust · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bliinfinitive marker before a verb.
blibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on haenaen · determiner, common gender, singularintroduces the clause of sådansådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blisån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of vetThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
vetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on sådanalltallall · adverbmodifies vetsomwhatsom · pronounsubject of häntThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hänthänthappenedhända · verb, active, supinerelative clause on bliiini · prepositionpreposition marking världenvärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of häntsomwhosom · pronounsubject of talarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
talartalkstala · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with häntallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of språkspråklanguagesspråk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of talarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with talarvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of gårsolsunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gårmånemoonmåne · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with solochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstjärnorstarsstjärna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with solgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of sägaiini · prepositiondepends on gårförwhatför · prepositionpreposition marking banorbanorpathsbana · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gåröveracrossöver · prepositionpreposition marking himlenhimlenskyhiml · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies banorthe raven had said.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagtkorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sagtsagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentence— »Yes, that might be fun too.»
Jowell/yesjo · interjectiondepends on roligtused to affirm or answer a question, often contradicting an implied doubt.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of roligtkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of roligtjuafter allju · adverbmodifies roligtocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies roligtvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to roligtroligtfunrolig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrase— »Wouldn't you like to learn to tell right from wrong, good from evil?»
SkullewouldSkulle · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of läraduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of läraintenotinte · particlemodifies läraviljato wantvilja · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of läraläralearnlära · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of läraskiljatellskilja · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of läramellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking ontontevilont · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of skiljaBoth examples ('göra oss något ont' = 'do us harm', 'inte hade förmått göra mycket ont' = 'not been able to do much harm') attest the sense 'harm', not 'pain', which was the pinned default gloss.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgottgoodgott · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with onträttrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ontochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationorättwrongorätt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with ont— »That might well be needed,» the boy had said, »I've noticed that many times.»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of behövligtvorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to behövligtnogwellnog · adverbmodifies behövligtvälwellväl · adverbmodifies behövligtbehövligtneededbehövlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sagthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagtpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sagtsagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on märktdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with märktharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of märktjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märktmärktnoticedmärka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencemångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of märkt— »And wouldn't you like to train for the priesthood and preach in church back home?»
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of läraduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of läraintenotinte · particlemodifies läraviljato wantvilja · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of läraläratrainlära · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencetillfortill · prepositionpreposition marking prästprästpriestpräst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of läraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpredikapreachpredika · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with prästiini · prepositionpreposition marking kyrkankyrkanchurchkyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of predikadärhemmaback homedärhemma · conjunctionoblique complement of läraBackbone mistags this as a conjunction; it is the adverb 'at home/back home'.
— »Father and mother would be terribly glad if I came that far,» the boy had answered.
Farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bliochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Farskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blialltterriblyallt · adverbmodifies bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencefasligtdreadfullyfaslig · adverbmodifies gladagladagladglad · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of bliomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommekommewould comekomme · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on bliarchaic subjunctive/conditional form of komma.
såsoså · adverbmodifies långtlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies kommehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of svaratpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svaratsvaratansweredsvara · verb, active, supinecoordinated with komme- 57
In this way the raven had made the boy understand that they were fortunate who got to lie about in Uppsala and study, though Thumbietot had not yet wished, even so, to be one among them.
Påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättetdettathisdenna · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sättetsättetwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on hadefåttmadefå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåttatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förståinfinitive marker before a verb.
förståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fåttattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of liggadetheyde · determiner, pluraldeterminer of lyckligaThis type's own examples show 'de' used as the plain personal pronoun "they" (de voro ovanligt strävsamma = "they were unusually...") as often as the determiner "the" (de andra = "the others"); a fixed gloss of "the" mis-renders every pronoun occurrence.
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralpart of the phrase dearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
lyckligahappylycklig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies liggasomwhosom · pronounsubject of fingoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
fingogotfingo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralrelative clause on lyckligaMistagged as a noun; fingo is the archaic plural past tense of få ("got/were given").
liggato lieligga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with förståiamongi · prepositionpreposition marking UppsalaUppsalaUppsalaUppsala · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of liggaSwedish university city.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstuderastudystudera · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with liggamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of TummetottTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with fåttthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
dåeven sodå · adverbmodifies önskatännuyetännu · adverbmodifies önskatönskatwishedönskaa · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularrelative clause on Tummetottatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of deminfinitive marker before a verb.
fåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of demvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to demenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of demiblandamongibland · adverbmodifies demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of önskat - 58
But it had so happened that the great festival in honor of spring, celebrated every year in Uppsala, had taken place that very evening.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåsoså · adverbmodifies råkathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkatdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of råkatråkathappened toråka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencehändato happenhända · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of råkatattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ägtdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of festenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies festenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
festenthe festivalfest · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ägttillin honor oftill · prepositionpreposition marking äravårensspring'svår · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of äraärahonorära · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies festensomthatsom · pronounsubject of passive firasThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
firasis celebratedfira · verb, present, indicative, passiverelative clause on äravarjeeveryvarje · determiner, singulardeterminer of åråryearår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of firasiini · prepositionpreposition marking UppsalaUppsalaUppsalaUppsala · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of firasSwedish university city.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ägtägtownedäga · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on råkatrumroomrum · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on ägtdennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of aftonaftoneveningafton · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ägt - 59
And so Nils Holgersson had gotten to see the students, as they marched off to the Botanical Garden, where the festival was to be held.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåledesthussåledes · adverbmodifies fåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativesubject of fåttHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilsfåttgotten tofå · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of se"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
seseese · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencestudenternastudentsstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of senärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tågatdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of tågathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tågattågatmarchedtåga · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sebortawaybort · adverbdepends on tågattilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking trädgårdenBotaniskaBotanicalBotaniska · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies trädgårdenträdgårdengardenträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tågatdärtheredär · adverbmodifies hållasfestenthe festivalfest · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive hållasskullewas toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållashållasto be heldhålla · verb, passive, infinitiverelative clause on trädgården They had come in a broad, long procession with white caps on their heads, and the whole street had been like a dark stream, filled with white water lilies.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceiini · prepositionpreposition marking tågettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of tågbrettbroadbred · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase ettlångtlonglångt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies tågBoth examples ('for fram ett långt stycke' = 'sped along a long stretch', 'tog ett långt hopp' = 'took a long leap') mean 'long' (length), not 'far' (distance).
tågprocessiontåg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommitSecond example ('en sjöman äntrar uppför ett tåg' = 'a sailor climbs up a rope') uses the nautical sense 'rope', not 'train'; the type was pinned to 'train' with contextDependent false, missing this attested sense.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking mössorvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies mössormössorcapsmössa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies tågpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking huvudethuvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies mössorochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gatangatanstreetgata · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of strömhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of strömvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to strömsomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of strömenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of strömmörkdarkmörk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies strömströmstreamström · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with tågfylldfilledfylld · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with kommitavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking näckrosorvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies näckrosornäckrosorwater liliesnäckrosa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralagent of fylldWhite, gold-embroidered silk banners they had carried before them, and they had sung spring songs during the march.
Vitawhitevita · proper noun, nominativemodifies buritguldbroderadegold-embroideredguldbroderad · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sidenfanorsidenfanorsilk bannerssidenfana · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Vitahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of buritdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of buritburitcarriedburit · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of buritochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sjungithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sjungitsjungitsungsjunga · verb, active, supinecoordinated with buritvårsångerspring songsvårsång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sjungitunderduringunder · prepositionpreposition marking marschenmarschenthe marchmarschen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sjungitBut Nils Holgersson had thought it was not they themselves who sang, but that the song had hovered along with them above their heads.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativesubject of tycktHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilshadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tyckttycktthoughttycka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varintenotinte · particlemodifies varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tycktdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralpart of the phrase varsjälvathemselvessjälv · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying desomwhosom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sjöngosjöngosangsjöngo · adjective, nominative, pluralin apposition to deOld plural past tense of 'sjunga' (to sing), mistagged as an adjective.
utanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
sångensongsång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svävathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of svävatsvävathoveredsvävat · verb, active, supinecoordinated with varmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of svävatöveraboveöver · prepositionpreposition marking huvudenderastheirde · pronounpossessor of huvudenpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
huvudenheadshuvude · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies demHe had thought it was not the students who sang for spring, but that spring itself sat hidden somewhere and sang for the students.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänkttänktthoughttänka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of studenternadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with studenternaintenotinte · particlemodifies studenternavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to studenternastudenternastudentsstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralclausal complement of tänktsomwhosom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sjöngosjöngosangsjöngo · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to studenternaförforför · prepositionpreposition marking vårenvårenspringvår · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sjöngoutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionintroduces the clause of sattfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sattvårenspringvår · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on studenternagömdhiddengömd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on sattnågonstanssomewherenågonstans · adverbmodifies sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsjöngsangsjöng · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattförforför · prepositionpreposition marking studenternastudenternastudentsstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sjöngHe had not believed that human song could sound like that.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trotthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trottintenotinte · particlemodifies trotttrottbelievedtrott · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ljudamänniskosånghuman songmänniskosång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ljudakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ljudaljudato soundljuda · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of trottsålike thatså · adverbmodifies ljudaIt was like the murmur of needles in spruce tops, like the ring of steel, like the song of wild swans out on the sea's edge.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of barrsusbarrsusmurmur of needlesbarrsus · adverbmodifies variini · prepositionpreposition marking grantoppargrantopparspruce topsgrantopp · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of varsomlikesom · pronounmodifies vildsvanssångThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
klangringklang · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase somavofav · prepositionpreposition marking stålstålsteelstål · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies klangsomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionmodifies vildsvanssångvildsvanssångwild-swan songvildsvanssång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to grantopparuteoutsideute · adverbmodifies vildsvanssångiini · prepositionpreposition marking havsbandethavsbandetouter skerrieshavsbande · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ute- 60
When the students had come into the garden, where the lawns stood in bright, tender spring green and the trees' leaves were just bursting their buds, they had halted before a speaker's platform, and a young, stately man had stepped up onto it and spoken to them.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommitstudenternastudentsstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on stannatininin · adverbdepends on kommitiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking trädgårdenträdgårdengardenträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommitdärtheredär · adverbmodifies stodogräsmattornalawnsgräsmatta · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of stodostodostoodstodo · adverbrelative clause on trädgårdenArchaic plural preterite of stå 'to stand', mistagged as adverb.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking ljusljuslightljus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stodospädtenderspä · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vårgrönskavårgrönskaspring greenvårgrönska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with stodoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationträdenstrees'träd · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of bladSurface 'trädens' is genitive plural (of the trees) despite the singular tag.
bladleavesblad · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of höllohöllowerehöllo · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on vårgrönskapåjustpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of sprängaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sprängainfinitive marker before a verb.
sprängaburstingspränga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hölloknopparnathe budsknopparna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sprängahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of stannatdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of stannatstannatstayedstanna · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking talarstolenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of talarstoltalarstolspeaker's platformtalarstol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stannatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of manungyoungung · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies manståtligstatelyståtlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ungmanmanman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stigithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of stigitstigitrisenstiga · verb, active, supinecoordinated with stannatuppupupp · adverbdepends on stigitiontoi · prepositionpreposition marking dennadennathisdenna · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of stigitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtalattalkedtala · verb, active, supinecoordinated with stigittilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of talat - 61
The platform had been raised on the steps before the great greenhouses, and the raven had set the boy down on the greenhouse roof.
Talarstolenthe platformTalarstolen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of restvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to restrestput uprest · adverbhead of the phrasedespite the tag 'adverb', these are past-participle uses of resa (to travel / to raise).
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking trappantrappanthe staircasetrappan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of restframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking växthusendetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of växthusenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
storabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies växthusenväxthusenthe greenhousesväxthus · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of restSurface 'växthusen' is definite plural, despite the singular morphology tag.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of satthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sattsattputsätta · verb, active, supinecoordinated with restnerdownner · adverbdepends on sattpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sattpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking växthustaketväxthustaketthe greenhouse roofväxthustaket · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of satt There he had sat in good peace and heard one speech after another.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies suttithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of suttithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of suttitsuttitsatsutta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceArchaic spelling of suttit, the supine of sitta ("to sit").
iini · prepositionpreposition marking rogodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies roropeacero · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of suttitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhörtheardhöra · verb, active, supinecoordinated with suttitdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of taletenaoneena · adjective, nominativemodifies talettaletspeechtal · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hörtefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking andradetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of andraandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularoblique complement of hörtAt last an old man had taken his place on the platform.
Tillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies hadesistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase Tillhadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tagitenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of mangammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies manmanmanman · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tagittagittakenta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceplatsplaceplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tagitioni · prepositionpreposition marking talarstolentalarstolenspeaker's platformtalarstol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tagitThe old man had said that the best thing in life was to be young and to get to spend one's years of youth in Uppsala.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gamlegamlethe old mangamle · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of sagtDefinite adjective used substantively for 'the old man'.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagtsagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ungdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of bästabästabestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativesubject of ungiini · prepositionpreposition marking livetlivetlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies bästavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ungatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of unginfinitive marker before a verb.
varabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to ungungyoungung · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of sagtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of tillbringatillbringato spendtillbringa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with ungungdomsårenyears of youthungdomsår · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tillbringaiini · prepositionpreposition marking UppsalaUppsalaUppsalaUppsala · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of tillbringaSwedish university city.
He had spoken of the good, peaceful work with books and the rich, bright joy of youth, which could never be enjoyed as it could there in the great circle of comrades.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of talattalattalkedtala · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceomifom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking arbetetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of arbetetgodagoodgod · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies arbetetfridfullapeacefulfridfull · adjective, nominative, singularcoordinated with godaarbetetworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of talatvidwithvid · prepositionpreposition marking bokenbokenbookbok · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies arbetetochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ungdomsglädjenrikarichrik · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies ungdomsglädjenljusabrightljus · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies ungdomsglädjenungdomsglädjenjoy of youthungdomsglädj · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with bokensomwhichsom · pronounsubject of passive njutasThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
aldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies njutaskundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of njutasnjutasbe enjoyednjuta · verb, passive, infinitiverelative clause on ungdomsglädjensåasså · adverbmodifies njutassomassom · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sådärtheredär · adverbmodifies njutasiini · prepositionpreposition marking kamratkretsendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kamratkretsenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies kamratkretsenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
kamratkretsencircle of comradeskamratkrets · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of därAgain and again he had come back to the theme of the great happiness of living among glad, noble-minded comrades.
GångtimeGång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommitUsed in 'gång på gång' (time after time).
påagainpå · prepositionpreposition marking Gånggångagaingång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase påhadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencetillbakabacktillbaka · adverbdepends on kommittilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking talettaletthemetal · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommitomofom · prepositionpreposition marking lyckandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lyckanstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies lyckanweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
lyckanhappinesslycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommitatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of levainfinitive marker before a verb.
fåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of levalevato liveleva · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying lyckanblandamongbland · prepositionpreposition marking kamratergladagladglad · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kamraterädelsinnadenoble-mindedädelsinnad · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with gladakamratercompanionskamrat · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of levaIt was this that made toil so sweet and sorrow so easily forgotten and hopes so bright.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varsomthatsom · pronounsubject of gjordeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
gjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on dettamödanthe troublemödan · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gjordesåsoså · adverbmodifies ljuvljuvsweetljuv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of gjordeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsorgensorrowsorg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lättglömdsåsoså · adverbmodifies lättglömdlättglömdeasily forgottenlättglömd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ljuvochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförhoppningarnathe hopesförhoppning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with ljuvsåsoså · adverbmodifies ljusaljusapale/lightljus · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with ljuv- 62
The boy had sat looking down at the students, who stood in a half-circle below the platform, and he began to understand that the most glorious thing of all was to belong to their circle.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of suttithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of suttitsuttitsatsutta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceArchaic spelling of suttit, the supine of sitta ("to sit").
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsettseense · verb, active, supinecoordinated with suttitnerdownner · adverbdepends on settpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking studenternastudenternastudentsstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of settsomwhosom · pronounsubject of stodoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
stodostoodstodo · verb, present, indicativerelative clause on studenternaHistorical past-plural form of stå (cf. voro, gingo); despite the 'present' tag this is past tense.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking talarstolenhalvcirkelhalf-circlehalvcirkel · adverbpart of the phrase inedanförbelownedanför · prepositionpreposition marking talarstolentalarstolenspeaker's platformtalarstol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with suttitförståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of höradetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of härligastehärligasteloveliesthärlig · adjective, nominative, superlativesubject of varavofav · prepositionpreposition marking alltallteverythingall · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies härligastevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to höraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hörainfinitive marker before a verb.
hörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on börjadetillbelong totill · prepositionpreposition marking kretsderastheirde · pronounpossessor of kretspossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
kretscirclekrets · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of höra It was a high honor and happiness.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of hedervarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to hederenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hederhögtallhög · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hederhederhonorhed · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasethe surface 'heder' here is actually the unrelated noun 'heder' (honor), not a plural of 'hed' (heath).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlyckahappinesslycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hederEach one became something more than he would have been had he stood alone, because he belonged to such a company.
Vareachvar · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of blev"var" is both the interrogative/relative adverb "where" and the past tense of vara ("was"); the parser conflated the two under one type.
ochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase Vareniten · pronoun, common gender, singularpart of the phrase Varblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies mermermoremycket · adverbmodifies blevänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varitskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varithahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on blevomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ståtthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ståtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ståttståttstoodstå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on blevensamaloneensam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on ståttdärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of tillhördeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därförhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tillhördetillhördebelongedtillhöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ståttenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skarasådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies skarasån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
skaraflockskara · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tillhörde- 63
After the speech the song had risen again, and after the song came new speeches.
Efterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking talettaletspeechtal · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesångensongsång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadeåteragainåter · prepositionmodifies ljuditljuditrung outljudit · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of hadeMislabeled as a noun; ljudit is the supine of ljuda ("to sound/ring out").
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking sångensångensongsång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinecoordinated with hadenyanewny · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies taltalspeechestal · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of kommit The boy had never believed or understood that words could be put together so that they gained the power to move and encourage and delight as these did.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trottaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies trotttrottbelievedtrotd · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförståttunderstoodförstå · verb, active, supinecoordinated with trottattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sättasordwordord · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of passive sättaskundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sättassättasto be putsätta · verb, passive, infinitiveclausal complement of trottsammantogethersamman · adverbdepends on sättassåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of fingeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sådetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fingefingemight get tofinge · verb, past, subjunctive, activeadverbial clause on sättasArchaic past subjunctive of få ("to get/be allowed").
maktpowermakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fingeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of rörainfinitive marker before a verb.
röramoveröra · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying maktochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationuppmuntrato encourageuppmuntra · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with röraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationglädjato delightglädja · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with rörasåasså · adverbmodifies glädjasomassom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking röradessathesedenna · pronoun, pluraldirect object of röra- 64
Nils Holgersson had mostly watched the students, but he noticed well enough that they were not alone in the garden.
NilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativesubject of settHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilshadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settmestmostlymycket · adverbmodifies settsettseense · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseBackbone mistags this as an adjective; the surface (sett) is the supine of se, 'to see'.
påwatchedpå · prepositionpreposition marking studenternastudenternastudentsstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of settmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märktemärktenoticedmärkte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with settnogwell enoughnog · adverbmodifies märkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ensammadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ensammaintenotinte · particlemodifies ensammavorowerevoro · pronoun, accusative, pluraladverbial clause on ensammaArchaic plural past tense of vara "to be"; mislabeled as pronoun.
ensammaaloneensam · adjective, nominative, pluralclausal complement of märkteiini · prepositionpreposition marking trädgårdenträdgårdengardenträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ensamma There were young girls there in bright dresses and fine spring hats, and many other folk besides.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
ungayoungung · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies flickorflickorgirlsflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fannsdärtheredär · adverbmodifies folkiini · prepositionpreposition marking dräkterljusapale/lightljus · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dräkterdräkterdressesdräkt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of därochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfinafinefin · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vårhattarvårhattarspring hatsvårhatt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with dräkterochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmycketmanymycket · adverbmodifies annatannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies folkfolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fannsocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies folkBut it was with them as with himself, that they seemed to have come only to look at the students.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of varsomassom · pronounintroduces the clause of honomThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularin apposition to demsjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying honomattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tycktesdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of tycktestycktesseemed totycktes · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ditkomnavarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to ditkomnaditkomnacome thereditkomn · adjective, nominative, pluralclausal complement of varbarajustbara · adverbmodifies ditkomnaförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of seatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on ditkomnapåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking studenternastudenternastudentsstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of se- 65
Now and then there had been pauses between the speeches and the songs, and then the crowds had scattered over the whole garden.
Iblandnow and thenibland · adverbmodifies uppehållhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of uppehålldetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of uppehållvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to uppehålluppehållpauseuppehåll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasemellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking talentalenthe speechestal · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of uppehållochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsångernathe songssångerna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with talenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies spritthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sprittskarornacrowdsskara · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sprittsprittscatteredspri · verb, active, supinecoordinated with uppehållsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sprittöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking trädgårdenhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies trädgårdenträdgårdengardenträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of spritt But soon enough a new speaker would appear, and at once the listeners gathered around him.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies hadenogenoughnog · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of talarenynewny · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies talaretalarespeakertalare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of uppträttuppträttappeareduppträtt · verb, active, supinecomplement of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies samlathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of samlatåhörarnathe listenersåhörarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of samlatsamlatgatheredsamla · verb, active, supinecoordinated with uppträttsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of samlatkringaroundkring · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of samlatAnd in this way it had gone on, until it grew evening.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättetdettathisdenna · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sättetsättetwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fortgåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fortgåttdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of fortgåttfortgåttcontinuedfortgå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceändauntilända · adverbmodifies blivittillsuntiltills · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivitdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on fortgåttkvälleveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivit- 66
When it was all over, the boy had drawn a deep breath and rubbed his eyes, as one does on waking from a sleep.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slutallteverythingall · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies slutvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to slutslutoverslut · adjective, nominativeadverbial clause on hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of dragitpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dragitdragitdrawndraga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceArchaic supine of dra; sense shifts widely with the particle it governs (dragit i led, dragit ihop, dragit bort, dragit upp).
djuptdeeplydjup · adverbmodifies dragitefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking andanandanbreathanda · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of dragitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgnuggatrubbedgnugga · verb, active, supinecoordinated with dragitsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of gnuggatiini · prepositionpreposition marking ögonenögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of gnuggatsåsomassåsom · conjunctionintroduces the clause of vaknarnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vaknarmanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vaknarvaknarwakesvakna · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on dragiturout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking sömnenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sömnsömnsleepsömn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vaknar He had been away in a land he had never visited before.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencebortaawayborta · adverbmodifies varitiini · prepositionpreposition marking landettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of varitdärtheredär · adverbmodifies gästathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gästataldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies förrförrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies gästathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gästatgästatvisitedgästat · verb, active, supinerelative clause on landFrom all these people, who were glad of life and looked confidently toward the future, mirth and happiness had spread like a contagion, and the boy had been inside the land of gladness, he as much as they.
Frånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking allaallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of dessadessathesedenna · determiner, pluralsubject of varitsomwhosom · pronounsubject of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on hadearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
gladagladglad · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of voroåtofåt · prepositionpreposition marking livetlivetlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gladaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågosawsågo · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with gladamistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw).
segervisstconfidentlysegervisst · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sågopåtowardpå · prepositionpreposition marking framtidenframtidenfutureframtid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sågohadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sprittmunterhetcheerfulnessmunterhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlyckahappinesslycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with munterhetsprittspreadspri · verb, active, supinerelative clause on dessasigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sprittsomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of smittaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of smittasmittacontagionsmitta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of sprittochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceinneinsideinne · adverbmodifies varitiini · prepositionpreposition marking landglädjensof gladnessglädj · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of varithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularparallel clause to varitsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralin apposition to hanBut when the last song had died away, the boy had felt how wretched his own life was, and it went against the grain for him to return, after this, to his poor traveling companions.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of döttdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sångensistalastsista · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies sångensångensongsång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dötthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of döttdöttdieddöt · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hadeSupine of 'dö' (to die); lemma is a spelling artifact for 'dött'.
bortawaybort · adverbdepends on dötthadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of käntpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of käntkäntfeltkänd · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencehurhowhur · adverbmodifies bedrövligtbedrövligtwretchedlybedrövlig · adverbmodifies känthanshishan · pronounpossessor of livegetownegen · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies livlivlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of bedrövligtvarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of käntthe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of burithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of buritburitwent againstburit · verb, active, supinecoordinated with käntemotagainstemot · adverbdepends on buritförforför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of buritatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vändainfinitive marker before a verb.
efterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · determiner, neuter, singularoblique complement of vändavändato turnvända · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on burittillbakabacktillbaka · adverbdepends on vändatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking reskamratersinahissig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of reskamraterarmapoorarma · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies reskamraterreskamratertraveling companionsreskamrat · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of tillbaka- 67
The raven had been sitting beside the boy, and now he began to croak in his ear.
Korpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of suttithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of suttitsuttitsatsutta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceArchaic spelling of suttit, the supine of sitta ("to sit").
bredvidnearbybredvid · adverbmodifies suttitpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of suttitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies börjathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of börjathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjatbörjatbegunbörja · verb, active, supinecoordinated with suttitkraxacroakkraxa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcomplement of börjatiini · prepositionpreposition marking öronhanshishan · pronounpossessor of öronöronearsöron · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of börjat »Now, Thumbietot, I'll tell you how you're to become human.
Nunownu · adverbhead of the phraseTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Nuthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
skawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of talajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talatalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to Nuomtellom · prepositiondepends on talaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talahurhowhur · adverbmodifies bliduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bliskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of talamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bliYou're to wait until you meet someone who says to you that he would gladly like to be in your shoes and go around with the wild geese.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väntaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of väntaväntato waitvänta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencetillsuntiltills · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of råkarduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkarråkarhappens toråka · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on väntanågonsomeonenågon · determiner, common gender, singulardirect object of råkarsomwhosom · pronounsubject of sägerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
sägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on någontilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sägerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varagärnagladlygärna · adverbmodifies varaType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
skullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varaviljato wantvilja · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of varavarabevara · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of råkariini · prepositionpreposition marking kläderdinayourdu · pronoun, pluralpossessor of kläderThis entry is really the possessive "dina" (plural agreement), mistagged under the lemma du.
kläderclotheskläder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of varaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfaragofara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with klädersome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
omkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies vildgässenmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies faraattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
Then you're to seize your chance and say this to him: — — — And now Bataki had taught the boy a couple of words, so strong and dangerous that they could not be spoken aloud, but had to be whispered, unless one truly meant to use them in earnest.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies passaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of passaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passapassaseize the chancepassa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencepåseize your chancepå · prepositiondepends on passaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with påsålike thisså · adverbmodifies honomhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase såtilltotill · prepositionpart of the phrase såhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of passaOchandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies Batakihadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activelinks the coordinationBatakiBatakibataki · proper noun, nominativesubject of lärtlärtlearnedlära · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lärtettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ordordwordsord · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of lärtsomthatsom · pronounsubject of voroThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
vorowerevoro · pronoun, pluralrelative clause on ordmistagged as a pronoun; this is the archaic plural past tense of vara 'to be'.
såsoså · adverbmodifies starkastarkastrongstark · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies voroochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfarligadangerousfarlig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with starkaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sägasdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of passive sägasintenotinte · particlemodifies sägaskundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägassägasto be saidsäga · verb, passive, infinitiverelative clause on ordhögthighhög · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sägasutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
måstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of viskasviskasbe whisperedviska · verb, passive, infinitivecoordinated with lärtsåvidaunlesssåvida · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of brukamanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brukaintenotinte · particlemodifies brukavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of brukabrukausebruka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with viskasFirst example ('hon knappast kunde bruka den' = 'she could scarcely use it', of an injured wing) is the sense 'to use', which was missing from the senses list.
demthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of brukapåin earnestpå · prepositionpreposition marking allvarallvarin earnestallvar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of bruka»Yes, no more than this is needed for you to become human,» Bataki had said at last.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on behövsmermoremycket · adverbmodifies dettaänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of behövsbehövsis neededbehöva · verb, present, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with behövsintenotinte · particlemodifies behövsförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of bliattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bliduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bliskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sagtmänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blihadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagtBatakiBatakibataki · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sagtThe raven character's name.
sagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on behövstillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies sagtsistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase till- 68
»No, I do believe that,» said the boy, »for anyone who would wish to be in my shoes I shall surely never meet.»
Nejnonej · interjectionhead of the phrasedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to NejjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trornogsurelynog · adverbmodifies trorsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to trorpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeförforför · prepositionpreposition marking någonnågonanyonenågon · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of sadesomwhosom · pronounsubject of önskaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
skullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of önskaönskato wishönska · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on någonsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of önskaiini · prepositionpreposition marking kläderminamyjag · pronoun, pluralpossessor of kläderThis entry is really the possessive "mina" (plural agreement), mistagged under the lemma jag.
kläderclotheskläder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of önskalärshall surelylära · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of träffajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of träffaaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies träffaträffato meetträffa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sadepåmeetpå · prepositionpreposition marking träffa - 69
»That mightn't be so impossible after all,» the raven had said, and thereupon he had carried the boy into the town and set him down on the roof outside a dormer window.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of omöjligtkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of omöjligtvälpossiblyväl · adverbmodifies omöjligtintenotinte · particlemodifies omöjligtvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to omöjligtsåsoså · adverbmodifies omöjligtomöjligtimpossibleomöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sagthellereitherheller · adverbmodifies omöjligthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagtkorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sagtsagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on förtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on förthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förtförtcarriedföra · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förtinåtintoinåt · prepositionpreposition marking stadenstadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsattputsätta · verb, active, supinecoordinated with förtnerdownner · adverbdepends on satthonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sattpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking takettaketrooftak · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sattutanföroutsideutanför · prepositionpreposition marking vindskupaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vindskupavindskupadormer windowvindskupa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of satt A lamp was burning inside the room, the window stood ajar, and the boy now stood there a good while, thinking about how happy that student must be who lay there asleep.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lampalampaa lamplampa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brannbrannwas burningbrann · adverbhead of the phraseActually the past tense of brinna "to burn", mislabeled as an adverb.
inneinsideinne · adverbmodifies branniini · prepositionpreposition marking rummetrummetroomrum · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of brannfönstretwindowfönstr · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of stodArchaic/dialectal spelling of fönster.
stodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with brannpåajarpå · prepositionpreposition marking gläntgläntajarglänt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stodused in the fixed phrase 'på glänt' (ajar).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with brannnunownu · adverbmodifies hadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeståttstoodstå · verb, active, supinecomplement of hadedärtheredär · adverbmodifies ståttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtänktthoughttänka · verb, active, supinecoordinated with ståttpåaboutpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of lycklighurhowhur · adverbmodifies lyckliglycklighappylycklig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on tänktdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of studentenstudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lyckligmåttemustmåtte · adverbmodifies studentenModal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means "must"; the perfect sense ("must have") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain "must."
varabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to lyckligsomwhosom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of låglåglayligga · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularparallel clause to varamistagged as adjective; the surface 'låg' here is the past tense of ligga 'to lie', not the unrelated adjective låg 'low'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsovsleptsov · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågdärinnein theredärinne · adverbmodifies låg- 70
THE TEST.
PROVETTHE TESTPROVET · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrase - 71
The student started up out of his sleep and saw that the lamp stood burning on the nightstand.
Studentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasespratttrickspratt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies Studentenuppupupp · adverbdepends on spratturout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking sömnensömnensleepsömn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sprattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with Studentenpast tense of se, 'to see.'
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stodlampanthe lamplampan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on Studentenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbrannwas burningbrann · adverbcoordinated with stodActually the past tense of brinna "to burn", mislabeled as an adverb.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking nattduksbordetnattduksbordetnightstandnattduksbord · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stod »There now, I've forgotten to put it out,» he thought, and raised himself on his elbow to turn down the lamp.
Selookse · verb, imperative, activeadverbial clause on glömtdärtheredär · adverbmodifies Senunownu · adverbmodifies glömtharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of glömtjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of glömtglömtforgottenglömma · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of släckainfinitive marker before a verb.
släckaput outsläcka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on glömttänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with glömthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationresteraised himselfresa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tänktesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of restepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking armbågenarmbågenthe elbowarmbåg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of resteförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of skruvaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of skruvainfinitive marker before a verb.
skruvaturnskruva · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on restenerdownner · adverbdepends on skruvalampanthe lamplampan · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skruvaBut before he had time to do this, he noticed that something was moving over on the desk.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hannhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hannhannhad time tohann · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of göraFrom hinna, 'to have time' for something before it's too late.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göradogöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on märktedettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of göramärktenoticedmärkte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of rördenågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of rörderördemovedröra · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of märktesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of rördebortaover onborta · adverbmodifies rördepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking skrivbordetskrivbordetdeskskrivbord · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of borta- 72
The room was quite small.
Rummetthe roomRummet · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of litetvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to litetheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies litetlitetsmallliten · adverbhead of the phrasethis type bundles the positive and comparative degree forms (litet, mindre) under one entry.
There was not far between the bed and the table, and he could clearly see it, with all the books, papers, writing things, and photographs that cluttered it.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sängenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to sängenintenotinte · particlemodifies sängenlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies sängenmellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking sängensängenbedsäng · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbordettablebord · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with sängenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kundekundecouldkunna · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of setydligtclearlytydlig · adverbmodifies seseseese · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sängendetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of semedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking böckerallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of böckerdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of böckerSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
böckerbooksbok · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of seTwo distinct lemmas ('bok' = beech, 'bok' = book) share this surface form; the plural bokarna means beeches while böcker means books.
papperpaperpapper · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with böckerskrivdonwriting implementsskrivdon · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with böckerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfotografierphotographsfotografier · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with böckersomthatsom · pronounsubject of belamradeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
belamradeclutteredbelamra · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on böckerdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of belamradeThe spirit stove and the tea tray he had left standing there, and those he saw too.
Spritköketthe spirit stovespritköket · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtebrickanthe tea traytebricka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Spritkökethadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lämnathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lämnatlämnatleftlämna · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencekvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on lämnatdärtheredär · adverbmodifies lämnatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lämnatpast tense of se, 'to see.'
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies sågBut the strange thing was that, just as clearly as he saw these other things, he saw a little fellow standing bent over the butter dish, busy making himself a sandwich.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of märkvärdigamärkvärdigathe strange thingmärkvärdig · adjective, nominative, singularhead of the phraseused substantively as 'det märkvärdiga' (the remarkable/strange thing).
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to märkvärdigaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tydligtlikaequallylika · adverbmodifies tydligttydligtcleartydlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on märkvärdigasomassom · pronounoblique complement of sågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on märkvärdigapast tense of se, 'to see.'
dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularindirect object of sågandraothersannan · pronoun, pluralmodifies sågsågsawsåga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to märkvärdigaMislemmatized: surface is 'såg', the past tense of se ('to see'/'looked'), in both examples ('såg han sig om' = 'looked around'), not a form of såga ('to saw'). Gloss corrected to 'saw' (as in 'he saw/looked').
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of parvellitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies parvelparvellittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sågsomwhosom · pronounsubject of stodThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
stodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on såglutadleaningluta · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of stodöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking smöraskensmöraskenthe butter dishsmörask · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lutadochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhöllwas busyhålla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodpåbusypå · prepositiondepends on höllatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of lagainfinitive marker before a verb.
lagamakinglaga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on höllsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of lagaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of smörgåssmörgåssandwichsmörgås · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of laga- 73
The student had gone through so much the day before that he had grown almost indifferent to whatever happened to him.
Studentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of upplevathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of upplevatupplevatexperiencedupplevat · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies upplevatdagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of mycketförutbeforeförut · adverbmodifies upplevatattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivitnästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on upplevatlikgiltigindifferentlikgiltig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking vadvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of blivitsomwhatsom · pronounsubject of händeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
händehappenedhände · verb, past, indicative, activein apposition to vadhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hände He felt neither afraid nor astonished, but thought it a perfectly natural thing that the little fellow had come in to get himself a bite to eat.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevarkenneithervarken · conjunctionlinks the coordinationräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförvånadastonishedförvånad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with räddutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
tycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blevattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sakdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sakvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to sakenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sakheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies naturlignaturlignaturalnaturlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies saksakthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of blevattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommitparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineclausal complement of blevininin · adverbdepends on kommitförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of fåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fågetfå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kommitsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of fåenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bitbitbitebit · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies matmatfoodmat · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of få- 74
He lay down again without putting out the lamp and lay watching the little fellow with half-closed eyes.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ladeladelay downla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentence"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ladenerdownner · adverbmodifies ladeutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of släckaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of släckainfinitive marker before a verb.
släckaput outsläcka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on ladelampanthe lamplampan · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of släckaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlåglowlåg · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with lampanochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbetraktadelooked atbetrakta · adjective, nominative, singularcoordinated with lågActually the past tense of the verb betrakta "to look at", mislabeled as an adjective.
parvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of släckamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ögonhalvslutnahalf-closedhalvsluten · pronoun, pluralpossessor of ögonögoneyesögon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of släcka This one had now taken his seat on a letter press and sat there thoroughly content, spreading himself with the leavings of the student's supper.
Dennethis oneDenne · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of tagithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tagitnunownu · adverbmodifies tagittagittakenta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceplatsplaceplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tagitpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking brevpressenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of brevpressbrevpresspaperweightbrevpress · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tagitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tagitdärtheredär · adverbmodifies sattstorbelåtenthoroughly contentstorbelåt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmordefeastedsmorde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of smordemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking kvarlevornakvarlevornathe leavingskvarlevorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of smordeefterofefter · prepositionpreposition marking kvällsvardstudentensthe student'sstudent · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of kvällsvardkvällsvardsupperkvällsvard · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of smordeIt was plain that he drew out his eating as long as he possibly could.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with märktesmärkteswas evidentmärktes · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of droghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of drogdrogdrewdrog · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on märktesutoutut · adverbdepends on drogmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ätningenätningenthe eatingätning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of drogsåasså · adverbmodifies längelängeas long aslänge · adverbmodifies drogsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of möjligtmöjligtcouldmöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on droghalf the examples (ch01-p27, ch04-p30) use the fixed idiom 'allt möjligt' = 'all sorts of/everything', not the literal 'possible' sense used in the other two.
He sat rolling his eyes and smacking his tongue.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvälvdearchedvälvde · adverbcoordinated with sattMistagged as an adverb; this is the past tense of välva ("to arch/vault").
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ögonenögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmackadesmackingsmacka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking tungantungantonguetunga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of smackadeThe dry crusts of bread and the old rind of cheese were rare delicacies indeed for him.
Detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of brödkanternaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
torradrytorr · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies brödkanternabrödkanternabread crustsbrödkant · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of voroochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ostskalkengamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies ostskalkenostskalkenthe cheese rindostskalk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with brödkanternavorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, singularhead of the phrasePast plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective.
nogindeednog · adverbmodifies sällsyntasällsyntararesällsynt · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies läckerheterläckerheterdelicaciesläckerhet · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of voroförforför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies läckerheter- 75
The student did not want to disturb him as long as he was eating, but when the little fellow no longer seemed able to manage any more, he began to speak to him.
Studentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of störavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of störaintenotinte · particlemodifies störastöradisturbstöra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of störasåasså · adverbmodifies längelängeas long aslänge · adverbmodifies störasomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hanhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of störaåteatingåt · prepositiondepends on störamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tycktesparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktesintenotinte · particlemodifies tycktestycktesseemedtycktes · verb, past, indicativeadverbial clause on förmåförmåmanageförmå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with störamerany moremycket · adverbmodifies förmåbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to störahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadetalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tala - 76
»Hello there, you!»
Hallåhello thereHallå · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Hallå he said.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade»What sort of a fellow are you?»
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phraseärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to Vadduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Vadförsort offör · prepositionpreposition marking enenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Vad- 77
The boy started and sprang toward the window, but when he noticed that the student lay still in his bed and did not chase him, he stopped.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stannadespratttrickspratt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies Pojkentillsuddenlytill · prepositionpreposition marking sprattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsprangransprang · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with Pojkenmottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking fönstretfönstretwindowfönstr · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sprangArchaic/dialectal spelling of fönster.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of märktehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märktemärktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with Pojkenattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lågstudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of märktestillastillstilla · adverbmodifies lågiini · prepositionpreposition marking sängsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of sängsängbedsäng · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stillaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies förföljdeförföljdepursuedförföljde · verb, active, supinecoordinated with lågMorphology tag says supine but the form is past tense; gloss reflects the finite past-tense sense.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of förföljdestannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stannade »I am Nils Holgersson from Västra Vemmenhög,» he said, »and I am a human being, just as much as you, but I have been turned into a tomte, and ever since then I've been going about with the wild geese.»
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Nilsärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to NilsNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilsfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking VästraVästrawesternVästra · adjective, nominative, singularoblique complement of Nilsused only as part of the place name Västra Vemmenhög.
VemmenhögVemmenhögVemmenhög · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilssadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Nilshanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of människaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to människaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of människamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with NilsjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on Nilssåvälas well assåväl · conjunctionmodifies duused in the pair 'såväl...som' (both...and).
somassom · pronounintroduces the clause of duThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to Nilsmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinecoordinated with Nilsförvandladtransformedförvandla · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitBackbone mistags this as an adjective; the surface (förvandlad) is the past participle of förvandla, 'to turn into'.
tillintotill · prepositionpreposition marking tomteenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tomtetomtetomtetomte · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förvandladA tomte is a Swedish household guardian spirit or gnome; the studio translation renders it as 'tomte' or 'gnome'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsedanthensedan · adverbmodifies fardessthenden · pronounpossessor of farch03-p50 example 'sedan dess' means 'since then', not possessive 'its' — pinning the gloss to 'its' teaches a lie for that collocation.
farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with blivitjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on faromkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies vildgässenmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of farattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
- 78
»That was a strange story,» said the student, and began asking and questioning the boy until he had learned pretty much everything he had gone through since he left home.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of historiavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to historiaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of historiabesynnerligstrangebesynnerlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies historiahistoriastoryhistoria · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to historiastudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadefrågaquestionfråga · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of börjadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförhörato questionförhöra · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with börjadepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of förhöratillsuntiltills · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fickhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickficklearnedfå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on saderedafind outreda · adverbdepends on fickpart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påoutpå · prepositionpreposition marking alltungefärapproximatelyungefär · adverbmodifies alltallteverythingall · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of fickvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hadedennehedenna · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of hadeArchaic masculine demonstrative "denne" used anaphorically for a previously named male person.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of upplevatupplevatexperiencedupplevat · verb, active, supinecoordinated with sadesedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking hemifrånhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase sedanforleftfor · prepositionpart of the phrase sedanPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
hemifrånfrom homehemifrån · adverbadverbial clause on sade - 79
»You have it good indeed,» said the student.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of harriktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies brabragoodbra · adjective, nominativemodifies harsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with harstudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade »Whoever could only be in your shoes and get to travel away from every care!»
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomwhoeversom · pronounsubject of voreThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ändåonlyändå · adverbmodifies vorevorewerevara · verb, past, subjunctive, activerelative clause on Deniini · prepositionpreposition marking kläderdinayourdu · pronoun, pluralpossessor of kläderThis entry is really the possessive "dina" (plural agreement), mistagged under the lemma du.
kläderclotheskläder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of voreochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfingemight get tofinge · verb, past, subjunctive, activecoordinated with voreArchaic past subjunctive of få ("to get/be allowed").
faragofara · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fingesome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
bortawaybort · adverbmodifies farafrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking bekymmerallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of bekymmerbekymmerworriesbekymmer · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies fara- 80
Bataki the raven stood outside on the windowsill, and when the student said this, he tapped with his beak against the pane.
BatakiBatakibataki · proper noun, nominativesubject of stodkorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to Batakistodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceutanföroutsideutanför · adverbdepends on stodpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking fönsterbrädetfönsterbrädetwindowsillfönsterbräd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sadestudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesadesaidsa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stoddettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sadeknackadeknockedknacka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of knackademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking näbbennäbbenbeaknäbb · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of knackademotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking rutanrutanpaneruta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of knackade'Ruta vid ruta' uses the geometric sense (square) rather than window pane.
The boy understood that he wanted to draw his attention, so that he would not fail to be ready, in case the student should say the right words.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstodförstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of väckahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väckavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of väckaväckato wakeväcka · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of förstodhanshishan · pronounpossessor of uppmärksamhetuppmärksamhetattentionuppmärksamhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of väckasåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of försummaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försummaintenotinte · particlemodifies försummamåttemustmåtte · adverbmodifies försummaModal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means "must"; the perfect sense ("must have") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain "must."
försummafail to be readyförsumma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on förstodsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of försummaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sägastudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on försummadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ordenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
rättarighträtt · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ordenordenthe wordsord · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sägaSurface orden is the definite plural of ord, despite the singular tag.
»Oh, I don't think you'd want to trade with me,» said the boy.
ÅohÅ · interjectiondepends on bytaintenotinte · particlemodifies bytalärdon't thinklära · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bytaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bytaviljato wantvilja · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of bytabytato tradebyta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bytasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with bytapojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade»Whoever is a student surely couldn't wish to be anything else.»
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomwhoeversom · pronounsubject of studentThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to studentstudentstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on Denkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of annatvälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies annatintenotinte · particlemodifies annatviljato wantvilja · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of annatvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to annatnågotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of annatannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with Den- 81
»That's just what I thought this morning, when I woke up,» said the student.
Detsammathe sameDetsamma · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkteithis morningi · prepositionmodifies tänktemorsemorningmorse · nounpart of the phrase iUsed only in the fixed phrase 'i morse'/'i går morse', meaning 'this morning'/'yesterday morning'.
närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vaknadejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vaknadevaknadewoke upvakna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tänktesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tänktestudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade »But you should only know what has happened to me today.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vetabarajustbara · adverbmodifies vetavetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on häntsomwhatsom · pronounsubject of häntThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hänthänthappenedhända · verb, active, supineclausal complement of vetamigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of häntitodayi · prepositionmodifies häntdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iIt's truly all up with me.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of slutärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to slutriktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies slutslutoverslut · adjective, nominativehead of the phrasemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slutIt would really be the best thing for me if I could get to travel off with the wild geese.»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with bästavorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to bästasannerligentrulysannerligen · adverbmodifies bästadetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of bästabästabestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativehead of the phraseförforför · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bästaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fingejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fingefingemight get tofinge · verb, past, subjunctive, activedepends on bästaArchaic past subjunctive of få ("to get/be allowed").
faragofara · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fingesome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
bortawaybort · adverbmodifies faramedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies faraattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
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The boy heard Bataki tap on the pane again, and he himself felt both dizzy in the head and his heart pounding, for it sounded almost as though the student were about to say the right words.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåagainpå · prepositionpreposition marking Batakinyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies BatakiBatakiBatakibataki · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies knackaProper name (the raven), mistagged as a common noun.
knackatapknacka · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to hördepåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking rutanrutanpaneruta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of knacka'Ruta vid ruta' uses the geometric sense (square) rather than window pane.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on ochfickfeltfå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hördehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickbådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationyrseldizzinessyrsel · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickiini · prepositionpreposition marking huvudethuvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhjärtklappningheart poundinghjärtklappning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with huvudetförforför · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of lätlätsoundedlät · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fickjuafter allju · adverbmodifies lätnästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies lätsomas thoughsom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of sägaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommastudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommaskullewas about toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommato comekomma · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of sägaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sägainfinitive marker before a verb.
sägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fickdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ordenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
rättarighträtt · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ordenordenthe wordsord · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sägaSurface orden is the definite plural of ord, despite the singular tag.
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»I've told you how things stand with me,» he said to the student.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of talattalattalkedtala · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceomtellom · prepositiondepends on talatförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talathurhowhur · adverbmodifies harjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of talatdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of harsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with talathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking studentenstudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sade »Now tell me how things stand with you!»
TalatellTala · numeral, nominativehead of the phraseImperative of 'tala' (to speak/tell), mistagged as a numeral.
nunownu · adverbmodifies Talaomtellom · prepositiondepends on Talaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Talahurhowhur · adverbmodifies harduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of Taladetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of harAnd the student was glad enough to have a confidant, and told him honestly what had happened to him.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gladvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gladvälindeedväl · adverbmodifies gladgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fåhavefå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gladnågonsomenågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of förtrogenförtrogenconfidantförtrogen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationberättadetoldberätta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fåärligthonestlyärlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies vadvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on häntsomwhatsom · pronounsubject of häntThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hänthänthappenedhända · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on fåhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hänt»The rest of it might well come right in the end,» he said at last.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fingefingemight get tofinge · verb, past, subjunctive, activemain verb of the sentenceArchaic past subjunctive of få ("to get/be allowed").
välwellväl · adverbmodifies gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fingeöverrightöver · prepositiondepends on gåmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking andradetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of andraandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularoblique complement of gåsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fingehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadetillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies sadesistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase till»But what I truly cannot bear is that I have brought a comrade to misfortune.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of lidajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lidarakttrulyrak · adverbmodifies lidaintenotinte · particlemodifies lidakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lidalidabearlida · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to lidaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bragtjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bragtharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bragtbragtbroughtbrägga · verb, active, supineclausal complement of ärenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kamratkamratcompanionkamrat · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of bragtitoi · prepositionpreposition marking olyckaolyckamisfortuneolycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bragtIt would be far better for me if I were in your shoes and could go around with the wild geese.»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of bättrevorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to bättremycketfarmycket · adverbmodifies bättrebättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativehead of the phraseförforför · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bättreomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vorejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vorevorewerevara · verb, past, subjunctive, activeadverbial clause on bättreiini · prepositionpreposition marking kläderdinayourdu · pronoun, pluralpossessor of kläderThis entry is really the possessive "dina" (plural agreement), mistagged under the lemma du.
kläderclotheskläder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of faraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfingemight get tofinge · verb, past, subjunctive, activecoordinated with kläderArchaic past subjunctive of få ("to get/be allowed").
faragofara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of voresome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
omkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies vildgässenmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies faraattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
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Bataki pecked hard at the pane, but the boy sat still and silent for a long while and only looked straight ahead of him.
BatakiBatakibataki · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hackadeName of the raven Bataki; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a common noun.
hackadepeckedhacka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehäftigtviolentlyhäftig · adverbmodifies hackadepåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking rutanrutanpaneruta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hackade'Ruta vid ruta' uses the geometric sense (square) rather than window pane.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, active, supinecoordinated with hackadestillastillstilla · adverbdepends on sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtystquiettyst · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with stillaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundlånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbarajustbara · adverbmodifies sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattpast tense of se, 'to see.'
rättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sågframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of såg - 85
»Wait a little!
Väntawait!vänta · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceliteta littleliten · adverbmodifies Väntathis type bundles the positive and comparative degree forms (litet, mindre) under one entry.
You'll soon hear from me,» he said in a low voice to the student, and then he walked with slow, lingering steps across the desk and out through the window.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höraskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörasnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies hörafåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of hörahörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hörasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hörahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking röstlåglowlåg · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies röströstvoiceröst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking studentenstudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärpåthen/after thatdärpå · adverbmodifies gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking stegliteta littlelitet · adverbmodifies dröjandedröjandelingeringdröja · adjective, nominativemodifies stegstegstepsteg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gickbortawaybort · adverbmodifies stegöveracrossöver · prepositionpreposition marking skrivbordetskrivbordetdeskskrivbord · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stegochandoch · conjunctionoblique complement of gickutoutut · adverbmodifies gickgenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking fönstretfönstretwindowfönstr · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of utArchaic/dialectal spelling of fönster.
Just as he came out onto the roof, the sun rose, and the red morning light streamed over Uppsala.
Justjustjust · adverbmodifies komnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on stegutoutut · adverbdepends on kompåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking takettaketrooftak · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of komstegrosestiga · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceOccurrences are the past tense of 'stiga' (to rise), not an imperative.
solensunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of steguppupupp · adverbdepends on stegochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of morgonljusetrödaredröd · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies morgonljusetmorgonljusetmorning lightmorgonljus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of strömmadeströmmadestreamedströmma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stegöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking UppsalaUppsalaUppsalaUppsala · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of strömmadeSwedish university city.
It shone and gleamed from every pinnacle and tower, and the boy had to tell himself once more that this was truly a city of gladness.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of lystelysteshonelyste · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseTagged as an adjective but is the past tense of lysa, 'to shine'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblänktegleamedblänkte · verb, imperative, activecoordinated with lysteActually the past tense of blänka "to gleam", mislabeled as imperative.
frånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking tinnarallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of tinnartinnarbattlementstinn · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of lysteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtorntowerstorn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with tinnarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with lystesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sägasjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sigänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking gångenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on sägaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of staddettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of stadvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to stadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stadriktigrealriktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stadglädjensof gladnessglädj · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of stadstadtownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to lyste- 86
»What's the matter with you?»
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phraseärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to Vaddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with Vadåtwithåt · prepositionpart of the phrase Vaddigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularsubject of Vad said the raven.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade»Now you've lost your chance to become human.»
Nunownu · adverbmodifies gåttharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåttgåttlostgå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencemistelost your chancemiste · adverbdepends on gåttomonom · prepositionintroduces the clause of bliatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bliinfinitive marker before a verb.
blibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gåttmänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bli— »I don't care to trade with that student,» said the boy.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bryrbryrcaresbry · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceAlmost always used reflexively, bry sig om, 'to care about'.
migmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of bryrintenotinte · particlemodifies bryromtoom · prepositionintroduces the clause of bytaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bytainfinitive marker before a verb.
bytato tradebyta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on bryrmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking studentendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of studentenstudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bytasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to bryrpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade»I'd only get trouble for the sake of those blown-away papers.»
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fingefingewould getfinge · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencearchaic past subjunctive of få (to get).
juafter allju · adverbmodifies fingebarajustbara · adverbmodifies ledsamheterledsamhetertroublesledsamhet · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of fingeförforför · prepositionpreposition marking dedethoseen · determiner, pluraloblique complement of fingeSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
därtheredär · adverbmodifies papperensbortblåstablown-awaybortblåsta · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies papperenspapperensthe papers'papper · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of skullskullsakeskull · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on deonly occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'.
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»You needn't worry yourself about them,» said Bataki.
Föraboutför · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of görabehöverneedbehöva · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of göraduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of göraintenotinte · particlemodifies göragöraworrygöra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of göranågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of bekymmerbekymmerworriesbekymmer · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of görasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to göraBatakiBatakibataki · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sadeName of the raven Bataki; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a common noun.
»Those I can get back for you.»
Demthosedem · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of skaffakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of skaffajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skaffaskaffato getskaffa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencetillbakabacktillbaka · adverbdepends on skaffa— »I daresay you can,» said the boy, »but I'm not sure that you will.
Nogdaresaynog · adverbmodifies trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trorattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kanduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kankancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of trordetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of kansadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to trorpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies jagärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to jagjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of säkersäkersuresäker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of sadepåofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of görattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of görduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of görgördoesgöra · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on säkerdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of görI want first of all to be certain of that.»
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villvillwantsvilja · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencealltallall · adverbmodifies tryggförstfirstförst · adverbmodifies tryggvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to tryggtryggsafetrygg · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on villförofför · prepositionpreposition marking sakendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sakensakenthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of trygg- 88
Bataki said not a word.
BatakiBatakibataki · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadesadesaidsa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies sadeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ordordwordord · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sade He simply spread his wings, flew off, and soon came back with a couple of sheets of paper.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of spändebarajustbara · adverbmodifies Hanspändespreadspä · adjective, nominativemodifies vingarnautspreadut · adverbpart of the phrase spändevingarnathe wingsvingarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraselemma should be vinge 'wing'.
forwentfor · adverbmodifies åstadMistagged as adverb; this is the past tense of the verb 'fara', meaning 'went/traveled'.
åstadoff/awayåsta · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on vingarnaDuplicate entry for the adverb 'åstad'; lemma mis-split as 'åsta'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with åstadsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies komtillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies kommedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking pappersbladettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies pappersbladpappersbladsheets of paperpappersblad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of komHe now flew back and forth for a whole hour, as busy as a swallow gathering clay for her nest, and brought one sheet after another to the boy.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of framforflewfor · prepositionpreposition marking timmePast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
nunownu · adverbmodifies forenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of timmehelwholehel · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies timmetimmehourtimme · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of framframforwardfram · adverbhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies flitigtlikaequallylika · adverbmodifies flitigtflitigtdiligentlyflitig · adverbcoordinated with framsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of svalaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of svalasvalaswallowsvala · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on framnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of drarhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of drardrardrawsdra · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on lerlerclayler · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to framtillfortill · prepositionpreposition marking nästetnästetthe nestnäst · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of lerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfördebroughtföra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceSecond example 'en smal stig, som förde inåt skogen' = 'a narrow path that led into the forest' — a path leading, not carrying — a distinct sense from the first example ('förde ju lycka med sig' = 'brought good luck').
detaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of papperetenaoneena · adjective, nominativemodifies papperetpapperetpaperpapper · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fördeefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking andradetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of andraandraotherannan · adjective, nominativeoblique complement of fördetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förde»There now, I believe you have almost the whole of it back,» he said at last, and stood panting on the windowsill.
Såthereså · adverbhead of the phrasedärtheredär · adverbmodifies trornunownu · adverbmodifies trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on SåjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trorattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåttduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåttskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåtthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of fåttfåtthavefå · verb, active, supineclausal complement of trornästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies alltihopalltihopthe whole thingalltihop · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of fåttsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with trorhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadetillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies sadesistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase tillochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationställdestoodställa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of ställdeflämtandepantingflämtande · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of ställdepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking fönsterbrädetfönsterbrädetwindowsillfönsterbräd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ställde- 89
»Thank you kindly!»
Tackthankstack · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of haskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of haduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentence said the boy.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade»Now I'll go in and have a talk with the student.»
Nunownu · adverbmodifies gåskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceininin · adverbdepends on gåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationspråkachatspråka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gåmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking studentenstudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of språkaAt that same moment Bataki glanced in through the window and saw the student standing there arranging and smoothing out the papers.
Iati · prepositionpreposition marking Batakidetsammathat same momentdetsamma · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies Batakikastadethrewkasta · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies BatakiMistagged as an adjective; 'kastade' is the past tense of the verb 'kasta' (to throw).
BatakiBatakibataki · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of blickenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of blickblickglanceblick · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseinåtintoinåt · prepositionpreposition marking rummetrummetroomrumm · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of blickOlder double-m spelling of modern rum.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blickpast tense of se, 'to see.'
hurhowhur · adverbmodifies stodstudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationordnadearrangedordna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslätadesmoothing outsläta · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with ordnadepapperenthe paperspapper · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of stod»You are the biggest fool I have ever come across!»
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedåindeeddå · adverbmodifies råkatdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of nötstörstabiggeststor · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies nötnötfoolnöt · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of råkatjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkatnånsinevernånsin · adverbmodifies råkatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkatråkatcome uponråka · verb, active, supineclausal complement of ärpåacrosspå · prepositiondepends on råkatBataki burst out at the boy.
forburst outfor · prepositionpreposition marking BatakiPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
BatakiBatakiBataki · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseutoutut · adverbmodifies Batakimotatmot · prepositionpreposition marking pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ut»Have you given the student the manuscript?
Harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gettduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gettgettgivenge · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencestudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of getthandskriftenmanuscripthandskrift · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gettThen you needn't go in to him.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies gåbehöverneedbehöva · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåintenotinte · particlemodifies gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceininin · adverbdepends on gåtillin totill · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåHe will never again say that he wants to be like you.»
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägakommerwillkomma · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägaaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies mermeragainmycket · adverbmodifies sägaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sägainfinitive marker before a verb.
sägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sådanhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sådanvillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sådanvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to sådanenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sådansådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of sägasån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
somlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of duduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sådan- 90
The boy stood staring too at the student, who was so glad that he was dancing around his little room in nothing but his shirt, and then he turned to Bataki.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstirradestaredstirra · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with stodReally the past tense of the verb stirra ('to stare'), mistagged here as an adjective.
påatpå · prepositionpreposition marking studentenstudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodsomwhosom · pronounsubject of gladThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gladsåsoså · adverbmodifies gladgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on studentenattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dansadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dansadedansadedanceddansa · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gladruntaroundrunt · adverbmodifies dansadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking rumsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of rumpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
lillalittleliten · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies rumrumroomrum · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of dansadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking skjortanbarajustbara · adverbmodifies skjortanskjortanthe shirtskjortan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of dansadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies vändevändeturnedväna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodPast tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vändetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking BatakiBatakiBatakibataki · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of vände »I understand it all, Bataki, that you've wanted to put me to the test,» he said.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstårförstårunderstand(s)förstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencealltallall · adverbmodifies förstårBatakiBatakibataki · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with alltattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of velatduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of velatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of velatvelatwantedvela · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sadelemma should be vilja 'to want'; velat is its supine form.
ställato putställa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of velatmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of ställapåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking provprovtestprov · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ställasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Batakihanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade»You surely thought that I would leave Morten the gander to fend for himself alone on this hard journey, as soon as I myself could have things easy.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenogsurelynog · adverbmodifies tänkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lämnajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lämnaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lämnalämnaleavelämna · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of tänkteMårtenMortenMårten · proper noun, nominativeindirect object of lämnathe studio translation renders this name as 'Morten'.
gåskarlgandergåskarl · adverbdirect object of lämna'Gåskarl' is a noun meaning 'gander', mistagged here as an adverb; used as the goose-character's epithet Mårten gåskarl.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of skötainfinitive marker before a verb.
skötato tend tosköta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on lämnasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of skötaensamaloneensam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of skötapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking resandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of resanhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase densvåradifficultsvår · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies resanresanjourneyresa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skötasåasså · adverbmodifies fåsnartsoonsnart · adverbpart of the phrase såjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåsjälvmyselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying jagkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfåbe comfortablefå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on lämnadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of fåbraeasybra · adjective, nominativemodifies fåBut when the student told his story, I came to think how base it would be to betray a comrade, and that I would not do.»
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of taladestudentenstudentstudent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of taladetaladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on komomtellom · prepositionpreposition marking historiasinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of historiahistoriastoryhistoria · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of taladekomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tänkainfinitive marker before a verb.
tänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of kompåofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of svikahurhowhur · adverbmodifies fultfultuglyful · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of svikavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to detatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of svikainfinitive marker before a verb.
svikabetraysvika · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tänkaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kamratkamratcompanionkamrat · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of svikasåsoså · adverbadverbial clause on göradetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularadverbial clause on göravillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of görajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of göraintenotinte · particlemodifies göragöradogöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kom- 91
Bataki began to scratch the back of his neck with his foot and looked almost embarrassed.
BatakiBatakibataki · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of börjadeName of the raven Bataki; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a common noun.
börjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekrafsascratchkrafsa · adjective, nominative, singularcomplement of börjadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of krafsaioni · prepositionpreposition marking nackennackenthe necknack · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of krafsaOnly surface is definite 'nacken'; all four examples render it 'the neck'/'his neck', not bare 'neck'.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking fotenfotenfootfot · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of krafsaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with börjadepast tense of se, 'to see.'
nästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies förlägenförlägenembarrassedförläg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sågutlookut · adverbmodifies såg He could not bring himself to say anything, but simply flew off with the boy, straight back to the wild geese.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of komintenotinte · particlemodifies komförbring himselfför · prepositionintroduces the clause of sägaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sägainfinitive marker before a verb.
sägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on komnågotanythingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sägautanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
flögflewflög · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with komActually the past tense of flyga ('to fly'), mistagged here as present.
barajustbara · adverbmodifies flögmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vägenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vägenrakastraightrak · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies vägenvägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flögtillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies vägentilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tillbakaattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
The particulars
- The text
- Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige, Selma Lagerlöf. The Wonderful Adventures of Nils.
- Translation
- Public-domain Swedish (Lagerlöf, d. 1940; published 1906–07). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
- Words
- Every word of the text, by letter.
- Data
- JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents