Japanese Basic Course 1732 Studios

Japanese · Lesson 111

Lesson 113

Reading Japan

126 lines

Railways linking cities and stores · Dialogue 1 of 6

A department store that is also a station

One speaker asks for examples of satellite cities and terminal department stores. The other chooses the railway commonly called *阪急*.

*その 百貨店は 京阪神急行電鉄の 駅に なっているのです* means "That department store serves as a station for the Keihanshin Express Railway."

Three destinations from Osaka

*そこから 電車で 神戸へ 行く事も 出来れば、京都へ 行く事も 出来るし、宝塚へ 行く事も 出来るのです* lists three journeys from that station.

Passengers can travel by train to Kobe, Kyoto, or Takarazuka.

Kanji: 貨

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

  1. 1

    あなたはいま、えいせいとしとか、ターミナル・デパートとかおっしゃったが、ひとつふたつれいをあげてはなしてくださいませんか。

    You have just said satellite cities and terminal department stores, but won’t you please talk about them citing one or two examples?

    あなたyou
    はtopic
    今、now
    えいせいsatellite city
    都市satellite city
    とand
    か、such as
    ターミナル・terminal department store
    デパートterminal department store
    とand
    かsuch as
    おっしゃっsaid
    たpast
    が、but
    一one
    つone
    二two
    つtwo
    例example
    をobject
    あげcite
    てand
    話しtalk
    てand
    くださいplease
    ませpolite
    んnot
    か。question
  2. 2

    そうですね。では、けいはんしんきゅうこうでんてつをれいにとりましょう。ふつうこれははんきゅうのなでしられています。

    Well, let’s take "KEIHANSHIN KYUUKOO DENTETSU" for an example, then. Ordinarily this is known by the name of "HANKYUU.

  3. 3

    はんきゅうはデパートではないのですか。

    Isn’t HANKYUU a department store?

  4. 4

    いいえ、おおさかえきのとなりにあるひゃっかてんです。ところがそのひゃっかてんはけいはんしんきゅうこうでんてつのえきになっているのです。

    Yes, it is a department store situated next to the Osaka Station. However, that department store has been a station for KEIHANSHIN KYUUKOO DENTETSU line.

  5. 5

    そうですか。

    Is that right?

  6. 6

    そこからでんしゃでこうべへいくこともできれば、きょうとへいくこともできるし、たからづかへいくこともできるのです。

    You can go to Kobe, to Kyoto, and to TAKARAZUKA from there by electric car.

---TO SUREBA Following the basic form of verbs and i-adjectives, the basic form of the non-polite past tense TA, the negative auxiliary NAI, and nouns plus DA, TO SUREBA expresses the meaning of "assuming that it is ---," "if you are to do ---," etc.

Examples:

OSAKA O KEMBUTSU SURU TO SUREBA --- "If you are to do the sights of Osaka, ---"

KOMBAN DEKAKERU TO SUREBA --- "If I am to leave tonight, ---"

KIMI GA IKANAI TO SUREBA --- "If you are not going, ---"

ASU ISOGASHII TO SUREBA --- "If you are busy tomorrow, ---"

KYOO GA KINYOOBI DA TO SUREBA --- "Assuming that today is Friday, ---"
TAKARAZUKA. It is one of the most popular pleasure resorts in the Osaka-Kobe district. Its mineral spring, which has been known since 1546, is cold, but is heated for bathing. The great attraction of TAKARAZUKA, however, is the recreation and Girls’ Operetta House, established in 1919 and managed by HANKYUU. This building contains three theaters; the largest for the girls’ operetta, the medium for movies, and the smallest for variety shows. It also has public and private baths, dining rooms, a library, zoological and botanical gardens, a childrens’ recreation ground, and other features. The operetta house is one of the largest of its kind in the Orient, with accommodations for 4,000 people. Its attractions include musical renditions of Japanese and foreign stories, revues, foreign operas, etc., alternately performed by three companies of girl players, trained in the Takarazuka Music School attached to the Operetta House.
Amusements. Osaka still retains the position it won in the feudal times as the dramatic center of Japan. The puppet show is a form of dramatic art peculiar to Osaka and can only be seen to perfection in the Bunrakuza Theater at Dootombori. The theaters for the presentation of the Noh classical drama are the Otsuki Noh Hall and the Yamamoto Noh Hall. There is also the Shin Kabukiza Theater.
は
leaves
えいせい
sanitation, health
都市
city
と
and (See Gram. Notes)
か、
either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
が、
but (See Gram. Notes)
一
one
二
two
を
particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)
ください
please give me (See Gram. Notes)
そう
numerical counter for ships
です
to be (See Gram. Notes)
ね。
isn't it (See Grammar Notes)
で
--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
急行
express train
に
on (See Gram. Notes)
ましょう。
let's (See Gram. Notes)
阪急
abbreviation for Kei-Han-Shin Kyuukoo Dentetsu
の
See Grammar Notes
名
name
い
stomach
ます。
trout
駅
railroad station
ある
certain, some
店
store, shop
ところ
place (See Gram. Notes)
いる
to need (See Gram. Notes)
そこ
there
から
from (See Gram. Notes)
電車
streetcar, electric train
神戸
Kobe
へ
to (See Gram. Notes)
も
as much as, as many as (See Grammar Notes
出来る
to be manufactured; to be produced (v.i.)
し、
city
宝塚
P.N., amusement center and spa (See Cult. Notes)

Building Takarazuka attractions · Dialogue 2 of 6

Takarazuka draws passengers

*乗客を ふやすために 宝塚に 少女かげきの 学校を たてたのです* means "They built a girls' operetta school in Takarazuka to increase passengers."

Takarazuka is a popular pleasure resort in the Osaka-Kobe district. Its cold mineral spring is heated for bathing.

Hankyu manages its Girls' Operetta House. It contains three theaters, baths, gardens, dining rooms, a library, and a children's recreation ground.

Drama in Osaka

*げき場を たてたり* says that they built a theater. Osaka has been a dramatic center since feudal times.

The Bunrakuza Theater at Dootombori presents Osaka puppet shows. Two Noh halls and the Shin Kabukiza Theater also stand in Osaka.

Kanji: 点, 泉

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

Kanji: 乗, 遊

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

  1. 7

    それでははんきゅうデパートはしゅうてんえきですか。

    Is Hankyuu Department Store a terminal station, then?

  2. 8

    そうです。それでターミナル・デパートというんです。

    That’s right. That is why they call it a terminal department store.

  3. 9

    なるほど。それでじょうきゃくはいちどデパートにはいらなければでんしゃにのれないようになっているのですか。

    I see. Is it in such a way that passengers cannot get on the train unless they go into the department store once?

  4. 10

    そうです。それでじょうきゃくをふやすためにたからづかにしょうじょかげきのがっこうをたてたのです。

    That’s right. So they built a school for a girls’ operetta in Takarazuka in order to increase passengers.

  5. 11

    それがいまのいわゆるたからづかですか。

    Is that so-called "TAKARAZUKA" of today?

  6. 12

    そうです。そして、そのがっこうのなかにげきじょうをたてたり、おおきなおんせんじょうをたてたり、どうぶつえん、しょくぶつえんをひらいたりして、ゆうえんちにしたのです。それで、じょうきゃくもふえるんです。

    That’s right. They built a theater, a large spa, and opened a zoo and a botanical garden in the school and made it an amusement park. Thus, passengers increased.

か。
either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
言う
to say
なるほど。
I see, indeed, to be sure
乗客
passenger
ふやす
increase (v.t.)
少女
young (little) girl
たて
vertical
が
but (See Gram. Notes)
いわゆる
so called
げき
play, drama
大きな
big, large (See Gram. Notes)
し
city
ふえる
to increase (v.i.)

Housing, commuting and railway growth · Dialogue 3 of 6

Homes along the railway

*沿線に 大きな 土地を 買って 住宅団地を つくり* says that Hankyu bought land along the railway and built a residential development.

*アパートや 住宅を かしたり、売ったりしているのです* means "They rent or sell apartments and houses."

A stadium brings more passengers

Residents commute on Hankyu trains and shop at its department store on their way home.

*西の宮に 十万人を しゅうよう 出来る 球場を つくりました* means "They built a stadium in Nishinomiya that can hold one hundred thousand people."

Kanji: 沿, 団

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

Kanji: 住

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

  1. 13

    それではたからづかにいきたいひとはかならずはんきゅうをりようするのですね。

    Then, the people who want to go to TAKARAZUKA make use of HANKYUU without fail, is that right?

  2. 14

    そうです。でも、それだけではまんぞくできず、じんこうのぞうかをみこしてえんせんにおおきなとちをかってじゅうたくだんちをつくり、おおさかしではたらくひとびとにアパートやじゅうたくをかしたり、うったりしているのです。

    That’s right. But they were not fully satisfied with that and they bought a large piece of land along this line and built a residential development anticipating an increase of population. They rent or sell apartments and houses to the people who work in the city of Osaka.

  3. 15

    それがえいせいとしになったのですね。そして、そこにすむひとはいやがおうでもはんきゅうのでんしゃにのってつうきんするわけですなあ。

    And that was developed into satellite cities, right? The people who live there commute to work on Hankyuu trains whether they like it or not, isn’t that right?

  4. 16

    そうです。そして、いちにちのしごとをおえてかえるときにはデパートでかいものをするというぐあいです。

    That’s right. The condition is such that they shop at the department store on the way home after finishing a day’s work.

  5. 17

    それがたからづかせんですね。

    That’s the Takarazuka line, isn’t it?

  6. 18

    そうです。はんきゅうこうべせんでは、にしのみやにじゅうまんにんをしゅうようできるきゅうじょうをつくりました。

    That’s right. On the Hankyuu-Kobe line, they built a ball park in NISHINO-MIYA that can accommodate over a hundred thousand people.

人
people
も、
as much as, as many as (See Grammar Notes
だけ
only, just (See Grammar Notes)
人口
population
か
either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
沿線
along the line
土地
land, lot
住宅
residence
人々
people
アパート
apartment
や
and---among others (See Gram. Notes)
かし
Fahrenheit
住む
to live, reside
いや
no
うで
arm, forearm
通
classifier for counting letters and telegrams
時
time
買物
shopping
ぐあい
condition
線
line
十
ten
しゅう
state
よう
get intoxicated; get drunk; get seasick (v.i.)
球場
ball ground

Baseball, passengers and commerce · Dialogue 4 of 6

A team for the stadium

*職業 野球 チームも つくりました* means "They also formed a professional baseball team." The team gives the stadium a regular use.

Hundreds of thousands of passengers pass through Hankyu Department Store each day.

Traffic creates a business district

*阪急 デパートから こぼれ出る 客* describes customers spilling out of Hankyu Department Store.

*ターミナル・デパートの 近くが 商業区域として 発展するのです* means "The area near the terminal department store develops as a business district."

Kanji: 域

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

  1. 19

    にほんのひとはやきゅうがすきですね。

    Japanese people like baseball, don’t they?

  2. 20

    でも、きゅうじょうをりようするやきゅうのチームがなくてはだめというので、しょくぎょうやきゅうチームもつくりました。

    But it is not good if you have no baseball team to use the ball park, so they formed a professional baseball team.

  3. 21

    それではまいにちのじょうきゃくのかずはたいしたものでしょうね。

    Then, the number of passengers must be great everyday, right?

  4. 22

    そうです。なんじゅうまんというじょうきゃくがはんきゅうデパートをまいにちとおるわけです。

    That’s right, many hundreds of thousands of passengers go through Hankyuu department store everyday.

  5. 23

    それでははんきゅうデパートからこぼれでるきゃくがあるでしょうね。

    Then, there are customers who spill out of Hankyuu department store, aren’t there?

  6. 24

    あります。それでターミナル・デパートのちかくがしょうぎょうくいきとしてはってんするのです。

    Yes, there are. For that reason, the vicinity of the terminal department store develops as a business center.

野球
baseball
好き
to like, be fond of (See Grammar Notes)
チーム
team
だめ
no good, useless, hopeless
職業
occupation
毎日
Mainichi Newspaper Co.
数
number
もの
things (tangible)
でしょう
probably (See Gram. Notes)
通る
to pass
こぼれ出る
spill out (v.i.)
近く
vicinity

Department stores and city sights · Dialogue 5 of 6

Other terminal department stores

*阪神、高島屋、近鉄などは ターミナル・デパートです* names Hanshin, Takashimaya, and Kintetsu as terminal department stores.

The speakers then turn to Osaka merchants and sightseeing.

Assuming a tour of Osaka

*大阪を 見物するとすれば、どんな所が ありますか* means "If one were to tour Osaka, what places are there?"

*見物するとすれば* presents touring Osaka as an assumed action. The reply names Osaka Castle and Tennoji Temple.

  1. 25

    はんきゅうのようなおおきなひゃっかてんがほかにもありますか。

    Are there any large department stores like HANKYUU?

  2. 26

    あります。はんしん、たかしまや、きんてつなどはターミナル・デパートです。

    Yes, there are. Hanshin, Takashima-ya, Kintetsu, etc. are terminal department stores.

  3. 27

    おおさかのひとはしょうばいじょうずとききましたが。

    I heard that the people of Osaka are good in business, but ---

  4. 28

    そのとおりです。おおさかしょうにんはゆうめいです。

    You are right. The Osaka merchants are famous.

  5. 29

    おおさかをけんぶつするとすれば、どんなところがありますか。

    If you are to do the sights in Osaka, what kind of places are there?

  6. 30

    しないではおおさかじょう、てんのうじなどですね。あまりありません。

    The Osaka Castle, the Tennoji Temple, and others are within the city. There aren’t too many.

な
I wish, I hope, huh
ます
trout
阪神、
P.N., a railway company and department store
近鉄
P.N., a railway company and dept. store
など
and so forth, etc.
です。
to be (See Gram. Notes)
上手
skillful, fluent (See Grammar Notes)
通り
street
商人
merchants
どんな
what kind of; what sort of
所
address, place
寺
Buddhist temple

Local restaurants and cuisine · Dialogue 6 of 6

Restaurants and good cooking

*大阪で 有名なのは* asks what Osaka is famous for. The reply names its many restaurants and good cooking.

*食いだおれ* means "ruination through gluttony." The expression links Osaka's reputation to spending on food.

  1. 31

    おおさかでゆうめいなのは。

    What’s famous in Osaka?

  2. 32

    そうですね。おおさかの「くいだおれ」といって、りょうりやがおおいこと、そしてりょうりのあじがよいこともひとつでしょうね。

    Well, one thing is that there are many restaurants to the extent that there is a saying "ruination through gluttony," and another thing perhaps is the fact that the taste of the cooking is good.

は。
leaves
だ
to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)
よい
good (See Gram. Notes)

Planning a departure time · Perception drill, Block 1

An action treated as an assumption

*今晩 行く とすれば、何時 ごろ 出かけますか* asks what time to start under the assumption of going tonight.

A verb in its basic form followed by *とすれば* presents that action as an assumption. The rest states what follows from it.

  1. 33

    こんばんいくとすれば、なんじごろでかけますか。

    If we are to go tonight, what time shall we start out?

Assuming someone will not go · Perception drill, Block 2

Assuming that someone does not go

*君が 行かない とすれば、僕が 行かなければ ならない* means "If you are not going, I have to go."

*とすれば* follows the negative *行かない*. The second clause gives the consequence of that assumption.

  1. 34

    きみがいかないとすれば、ぼくがいかなければならない。

    If we assume that you are not going, I have to go.

君
suffix to a name, Mr. (See cult. notes)
僕
I (see notes)
なら
if it is (See Gram. Notes)

Exploring hypothetical outcomes · Perception drill, Block 3

An assumed condition

*田中さんは 奥さんが 病気 だとすれば、今晩 来られない でしょう* assumes that Mrs. Tanaka is ill.

*病気 だとすれば* puts *とすれば* after a noun plus *だ*. Mr. Tanaka probably cannot come tonight.

An assumed past action

*パーカーさんは きのうの 朝 サンフランシスコ 空港を 出たと すれば、今日ごろは もう 東京に 着いているでしょう* begins with an assumed departure yesterday.

The likely result is that Mr. Parker has reached Tokyo by about today. Other lines apply assumptions to choices, times, and methods.

  1. 35

    たなかさんはおくさんがびょうきだとすれば、こんばんこられないでしょう。

    Assuming that Mrs. Tanaka is sick, Mr. Tanaka probably won’t be able to come.

  2. 36

    あたらしいじどうしゃをかうとすれば、どんなのをかいますか。

    If you are to buy a new car, what kind of a car would you buy?

  3. 37

    スポーツカーをかいます。

    I would buy a sports car.

  4. 38

    こんばんいかないとすれば、いついくんだ。

    If you are not going tonight, when are you going?

  5. 39

    みょうばんいくことにしているんだ。

    Tentatively, I am to go tomorrow night.

  6. 40

    パーカーさんはきのうのあさサンフランシスコくうこうをでたとすれば、きょうごろはもうとうきょうについているでしょう。

    Assuming that Mr. Parker left San Francisco airport yesterday morning, he probably arrived in Tokyo around today.

  7. 41

    ひこうきでじゅうしちじかんぐらいだから、もうついているはずですね。

    It takes about 17 hours by plane, so he is supposed to be there already.

  8. 42

    こんばんのえいがはなんじごろおわるでしょうか。

    Around what time do you suppose tonight’s movie will end?

  9. 43

    そうですね。えいががはじまるのがしちじとすれば、おわるのはどうしてもじゅうじはんごろでしょう。

    Well, assuming that the movie starts at seven, it probably will be ten-thirty at the earliest when it ends.

  10. 44

    にほんけんぶつにいくとすれば、どうしていくのがいちばんいいでしょうか。

    Assuming that I am going to Japan for sightseeing, what will be the best way to go?

  11. 45

    かんこうだんでいくのがいちばんやすくていいでしょう。

    It probably would be the best and the cheapest to go with a tourist group.

でしょう。
probably (See Gram. Notes)
車
vehicle, car
買う
to buy
スポーツ
sport
いつ
when?
朝
morning
サンフランシスコ
San Francisco
空港
airport
今日
today
もう
already (See Gram. Notes)
七
seven
時間
hour, time
ぐらい
about
から、
from (See Gram. Notes)
映画
movie
一番
number one (See Grammar Notes)
いい
good (See Gram. Notes)

Decisions under stated conditions · Pattern 1 1 of 3

A decision under an assumed action

*行く とすれば、早く 行きましょう* proposes an early departure under the assumption of going.

*とすれば* marks the condition. The second clause gives the decision made under that condition.

Conditions from different predicates

*明日 試験が ない とすれば、今晩は 勉強しなくても いい* uses a negative condition and gives its consequence.

*奥さんが病気だとすれば、田中さんは今晩来られないでしょう* uses a noun plus *だ*. Mr. Tanaka probably cannot come tonight.

  1. 46

    いくとすれば、はやくいきましょう。

    If we are going, let's go early.

  2. 47

    あしたしけんがないとすれば、こんばんはべんきょうしなくてもいい。

    If there is no examination tomorrow, I don't have to study tonight.

  3. 48

    たなかさんがやすみ(だ)とすれば、わたくしがかわりにおしえなければなりません。

    If Mr. Tanaka is off, I will have to teach in his place.

  4. 49

    せんせいをやとうとすれば、おんなのせんせいをやといます。

    If I am going to hire a teacher, I will hire a woman teacher.

  5. 50

    いえでたべるとすれば、さかなをかってこよう。

    If we are going to eat at home, let's buy some fish and bring it home.

  6. 51

    にほんへいくとすれば、しがつごろがいちばんいいでしょう。

    If you are going to Japan, around April would probably be best.

  7. 52

    こどもをつれていくとすれば、おべんとうをもっていったほうがいい。

    If you are going to take the children along, you had better take box lunches.

  8. 53

    おくさんがびょうきだとすれば、たなかさんはこんばんこられないでしょう。

    If his wife is ill, Mr. Tanaka probably cannot come tonight.

  9. 54

    やまもとさんがるすだとすれば、あそびにいってもしかたがない。

    If Mr. Yamamoto is away, there is no point in going to visit him.

  10. 55

    にほんへいかないとすれば、にほんごをならうひつようはありません。

    If you are not going to Japan, there is no need to learn Japanese.

明日
tomorrow
いい。
good (See Gram. Notes)
(だ)
to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)
先生
refers to doctors, educators, etc. (See Cult. Notes)
やとう
hire; employ (v.t.)
女
female
家
house, home
四
four
月
moon, month (See Grammar Notes)
べんとう
box lunch
るす
absence, not at home

Hypothetical costs, places and times · Pattern 1 2 of 3

An assumption before a cost

*観光団で日本へ行くとすれば、いくらぐらいかかりますか* means "If you go to Japan with a tour group, about how much will it cost?"

*とすれば* sets the hypothetical journey before the question about cost.

A departure determines an arrival time

*十時に出発するとすれば、九時までにはそこに行っていなければなりませんね* assumes a departure at ten.

That condition leads to arrival by nine. Other conditions lead to answers about places, prices, and rankings.

  1. 56

    あなたはべいこくにすむとすれば、どこにすみたいですか。

    If you were to live in the United States, where would you like to live?

  2. 57

    かんこうだんでにほんへいくとすれば、いくらぐらいかかりますか。

    If you go to Japan with a tour group, about how much will it cost?

  3. 58

    そうですね。まあすくなくともにせんドルぐらいかかるでしょう。

    Well, it will probably cost at least about two thousand dollars.

  4. 59

    いまわたくしのいえをうるとすれば、いくらぐらいでうれるでしょうか。

    If I were to sell my house now, about how much could I sell it for?

  5. 60

    にまんドルぐらいならすぐうれるでしょう。

    If you ask about twenty thousand dollars, it will probably sell right away.

  6. 61

    なんじのひこうきでサンフランシスコをしゅっぱつなさるのですか。

    What time does your flight leave San Francisco?

  7. 62

    ごぜんじゅうじです。

    At ten in the morning.

  8. 63

    じゅうじにしゅっぱつするとすれば、くじまでにはそこにいっていなければなりませんね。

    If it leaves at ten, you will have to be there by nine, won't you?

  9. 64

    ええ、そうです。

    Yes, that's right.

  10. 65

    ニューヨークがせかいだいにのだいとしだとすれば、せかいだいいちのだいとかいはどこですか。

    If New York is the second-largest city in the world, what is the largest city in the world?

いくら
how much? how many?
まあ
Well! Oh, my!
二千
2,000
ドル
dollar
かかる
to consult, to contract, to be attacked by
すぐ
right away, immediately
なさる
to do (honorific verb) (See Notes)
午前
a.m., morning
九
nine
まで
as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)
ええ、
Yes
ニューヨーク
New York
都会
city; metropolis

Food choices under assumptions · Pattern 1 3 of 3

When fish is not an option

*魚が食べられないとすれば、日本ではずい分食べ物に困りますね* means "If you cannot eat fish, finding food in Japan will be very difficult."

*とすれば* makes the inability an assumption. The rest states its practical consequence.

The reason for the difficulty

*日本料理は魚をずい分使いますからね* gives the reason. Japanese cooking uses a great deal of fish.

  1. 66

    とうきょうです。

    Tokyo.

  2. 67

    さかながたべられないとすれば、にほんではずいぶんたべものにこまりますね。

    If you cannot eat fish, you will have a great deal of trouble finding food in Japan, won't you?

  3. 68

    そうですね。にほんりょうりはさかなをずいぶんつかいますからね。

    Yes, Japanese cooking uses a great deal of fish.

  4. 69

    にほんへいく。

    Go to Japan.

  5. 70

    あたらしいじどうしゃをかう。

    Buy a new automobile.

  6. 71

    びょうき

    Illness.

  7. 72

    さかなをたべない。

    Do not eat fish.

  8. 73

    にほんごをべんきょうする。

    Study Japanese.

ずい分
very much
食べ物
food
買う。
to buy

Terminal stores and train routes · Questions 1 of 2

The terminal store and its routes

*ターミナル・デパートと言うのは どんな デパートですか* asks for a description of a terminal department store.

*そこから どこへ 行く事が 出来ますか* means "Where can you go from there?" An answer names destinations served from the store.

  1. 74

    しかし、はんきゅうはそれだけではまんぞくできず、じんこうのぞうかをみこして、たからづかせんのえんせんにおおきなとちをかって、じゅうたくだんちをつくり、おおさかしではたらくひとびとにアパートやじゅうたくをかしたり、うったりしています。そして、そこにすむひとはいやがおうでもはんきゅうのでんしゃにのって、つうきんしなければならないのです。そして、いちにちのしごとをおえてかえるときには、デパートでかいものをするというぐあいです。こんにちではまたはんきゅうこうべせんのえんせんにあるにしのみやにじゅうまんにんしゅうようできるきゅうじょうができましたので、まいにちのじょうきゃくのかずがひじょうにおおくなり、なんぜんまんというじょうきゃくがはんきゅうデパートをとおっています。

    However, Hankyu was not satisfied with that alone, and, anticipating an increase in population, it bought a large tract of land along the Takarazuka Line, built a housing development, and rents and sells apartments and houses to people who work in Osaka. The people who live there must commute on Hankyu trains whether they like it or not. Then, when they return home after finishing a day's work, they shop at the department store. Today, a stadium that can hold one hundred thousand people has also been built at Nishinomiya along the Hankyu Kobe Line, so the number of passengers each day has grown very large, and tens of millions of passengers pass through Hankyu Department Store.

  2. 75

    ターミナル・デパートというのはどんなデパートですか。

    What kind of department store is a terminal department store?

  3. 76

    おおさかでおおきなターミナル・デパートをに、さんあげてみてください。

    Please name two or three large terminal department stores in Osaka.

  4. 77

    はんきゅうデパートはどこにありますか。

    Where is Hankyu Department Store?

  5. 78

    はんきゅうデパートはなんせんのえきになっていますか。

    Hankyu Department Store serves as a station for what line?

  6. 79

    そこからどこへいくことができますか。

    Where can you go from there?

  7. 80

    じょうきゃくはいちどデパートにはいらなければでんしゃにのれないようになっていますか。

    Is it arranged so that passengers cannot board a train unless they first enter the department store?

しかし、
however, but
多く
many of them
ください。
please give me (See Gram. Notes)

Housing, commuting and stadium growth · Questions 2 of 2

How Hankyu increased traffic

*阪急は 人口の ぞうかを 見こして、どんな事を しましたか* asks what Hankyu did in anticipation of population growth.

*西の宮に 何が 出来ましたか* means "What was built in Nishinomiya?" An answer identifies the stadium before another gives its capacity.

  1. 81

    はんきゅうはじんこうのぞうかをみこして、どんなことをしましたか。

    What did Hankyu do in anticipation of the increase in population?

  2. 82

    なんのためにじゅうたくだんちをつくりましたか。

    Why did it build a housing development?

  3. 83

    そこにすむひとはいやがおうでも、どうしなければなりませんか。

    What must the people who live there do whether they like it or not?

  4. 84

    ひとびとはいちにちのしごとをおえてかえるときにはどうしますか。

    What do the people do when they return home after finishing a day's work?

  5. 85

    にしのみやになにができましたか。

    What was built in Nishinomiya?

  6. 86

    にしのみやのきゅうじょうはなんにんぐらいしゅうようできますか。

    About how many people can the stadium in Nishinomiya hold?

  7. 87

    まいにちなんにんぐらいのひとがはんきゅうデパートをとおりますか。

    About how many people pass through Hankyu Department Store each day?

一日
first day of the month (See Grammar Notes)

Railways, passengers and entertainment · Word list 1 of 4

Rail travel and Takarazuka

These words cover a railway, its passengers, terminal facilities, and Takarazuka entertainment.

*阪急* abbreviates *Kei-Han-Shin Kyuukoo Dentetsu*. *終点駅* means "terminal station," and *乗客* means "passenger."

*宝塚* names an amusement center and spa. *少女かげき* means "girls' operetta."

  1. 88

    れいにとる

    take it as an example

  2. 89

    はんきゅう

    abbreviation for Kei-Han-Shin Kyuukoo Dentetsu

  3. 90

    ひゃっかてん

    department store

  4. 91

    こうべ

    Kobe

  5. 92

    たからづか

    P.N., amusement center and spa (See Cult. Notes)

  6. 93

    しゅうてんえき

    terminal station

  7. 94

    じょうきゃく

    passenger

  8. 95

    ふやす

    increase (v.t.)

  9. 96

    しょうじょかげき

    girls’ operetta; girls’ musical show

  10. 97

    げきじょう

    theater (play)

例にとる
take it as an example
百貨店
department store
終点駅
terminal station
少女かげき
girls’ operetta; girls’ musical show
げき場
theater (play)

Recreation, housing and anticipation · Word list 2 of 4

Facilities and homes along the line

The first words name Takarazuka facilities. *温泉場* means "hot springs," and *植物園* means "botanical garden."

The remaining words cover anticipated growth and housing along the railway. *住宅団地* means "residential development."

  1. 98

    おんせんじょう

    hot springs

  2. 99

    どうぶつえん

    zoo

  3. 100

    しょくぶつえん

    botanical garden

  4. 101

    ひらく

    open

  5. 102

    みこす

    anticipate (v.t.)

  6. 103

    えんせん

    along the line

  7. 104

    じゅうたくだんち

    residential development

  8. 105

    アパート

    apartment

  9. 106

    じゅうたく

    residence

  10. 107

    いやがおうでも

    whether one likes it or not

温泉場
hot springs
動物園
zoo
植物園
botanical garden
ひらく
open
見こす
anticipate (v.t.)
住宅団地
residential development
いやがおうでも
whether one likes it or not

Commuting, capacity and baseball · Word list 3 of 4

Commuting, capacity, and baseball

These words cover commuting, stadium capacity, professional baseball, and passenger numbers.

*通きん(する)* means "commuting," *しゅうようする* means "accommodate," and *職業野球* means "professional baseball."

*数* means "number." *大したものでしょう* means "must be great."

  1. 108

    つうきん(する)

    commuting (commute to work)

  2. 109

    おえる

    finish (v.t.)

  3. 110

    ぐあい

    condition

  4. 111

    ---というぐあいです

    the condition is such that

  5. 112

    しゅうようする

    accommodate (v.t.)

  6. 113

    きゅうじょう

    ball ground

  7. 114

    チーム

    team

  8. 115

    しょくぎょうやきゅう

    professional baseball

  9. 116

    かず

    number

  10. 117

    たいしたものでしょう

    must be great

通きん(する)
commuting (commute to work)
おえる
finish (v.t.)
---と言うぐあいです
the condition is such that
しゅうようする
accommodate (v.t.)
職業野球
professional baseball
大したものでしょう
must be great

Commerce, merchants and landmarks · Word list 4 of 4

Business, sights, and food in Osaka

These words cover department stores, merchants, Osaka landmarks, and a local expression about food.

*商売上手* means "good in business." *大阪城* means "Osaka Castle," and *食いだおれ* means "ruination through gluttony."

*阪神*, *高島屋*, and *近鉄* name railway companies or department stores.

  1. 118

    こぼれでる

    spill out (v.i.)

  2. 119

    はんしん

    P.N., a railway company and department store

  3. 120

    たかしまや

    Takashimaya Dept. Store

  4. 121

    きんてつ

    P.N., a railway company and dept. store

  5. 122

    しょうばいじょうず

    good in business

  6. 123

    しょうにん

    merchants

  7. 124

    おおさかじょう

    Osaka Castle

  8. 125

    てんのうじ

    Tennoji Temple

  9. 126

    くいだおれ

    ruination through gluttony

Guide for Free Conversation

Topic title and Visual cues:

a Look at the map on page 92 and point out the places of interest.

b Look at the sketch on page 93 and describe why satellite cities and terminal department stores developed in Osaka.

c Talk about terminal department stores.

d Talk about satellite cities.
Homework

1 Memorize the Dialogue and the vocabulary.

2 Study the Grammar Perception Drill.

3 Study the Pattern Practice and do the exercise given.

4 Learn to read and write new Kanji.

5 Read the Explanatory Notes.

6 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercise given.
阪神
P.N., a railway company and department store
高島屋
Takashimaya Dept. Store
商売上手
good in business
大阪城
Osaka Castle
天のう寺
Tennoji Temple
食いだおれ
ruination through gluttony

The particulars

The course
Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours.
Reading aloud
Digital narration, directed by 1732 Studios.
The book
Botchan, the work this course leads to, free to read here.
Data
JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents
Two whoopie pies and a pine. An inside joke.