Japanese · Lesson 115
Lesson 117
Reading Japan
A fire spreads next door · Dialogue 1 of 3
A fire next door
A visitor has heard that a neighborhood fire spread to the resident's home.
The visitor asks whether *火元は おとなり だった のですか*, "Was the origin of the fire next door?" The resident says an electric leak caused it.
Little damage
The resident says *そんがいも あまり なくて すみました*, "the household got off without much damage."
Here, *なくて すみました* presents much damage as an unwanted result that did not occur.
Kanji: / 舞 to / 消
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
Kanji: / 防 to 上
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
Kanji: 下
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 1
やまださんからうかがったんですが、おたくではきんじょのかじがえんしょうしてとんだごさいなんだったそうですね。
I heard from Mr. Yamada that a fire in your neighborhood spread to your home, and that it was a terrible mishap, isn’t that so?
山田YamadaさんMr.からfromうかがっheardたpastんexplanationですisが、butおyour home宅your homeでatはtopic近所neighborhoodのof火事fireがsubject延焼spreadしdoてandとんterribleだterrible御mishap災難mishapだっwasたpastそうI hearですisね。right? - 2
ええ、でもさいわいわたくしもいえにいましたし、まだみなおきていたので、そんがいもあまりなくてすみました。
Yes, but fortunately I was at home and everybod was up, so we got off without much damage.
ええ、yesでbutもbut幸fortunatelyわいfortunately私Iもalso家homeにat居wasましpoliteたpastし、andまだstill皆everyone起きawakeてandいwasたpastのbecauseで、becauseそんがいdamageもevenあまりmuchなくnotてandすみgot offましpoliteた。past - 3
ひもとはおとなりだったのですか。
Was the origin of the fire next door?
火元fire originはtopicおnext doorとなりnext doorだっwasたwasのthe factですisか。question - 4
そうです。ろうでんのためにおこったとかいっていました。
That’s right. They were saying it started because of an electricity leakage.
そうthat is rightです。isろう電electric leakのofためcauseにdue toおこっstartedたstartedとquoteかor something言っwere sayingてwere sayingいwere sayingましwere sayingた。were saying - 5
でも、たいしたそんがいもなくて、ふこうちゅうのさいわいでしたね。
But there wasn’t much serious damage, and it was a happy feature of a misfortune, wasn’t it?
でbutも、but大したseriousそんがいdamageもevenなくnot muchて、not much不幸misfortune中amidのof幸blessingわいblessingでしwasたwasね。wasn’t it - 6
ええ、さいわいわたくしのいえがかざかみだったので、たすかりました。もしかざしもだったら、ぜんしょうはまぬがれなかったかもしれません。
Yes, we were saved because fortunately we were windward. If we had been leeward, we would probably not have been spared of total destruction by fire.
ええ、yes幸fortunatelyわいfortunately私Iの's家houseがsubject風上windwardだっwasたwasのthe factで、becauseたすかりwas savedましwas savedた。was savedもしif風下leewardだっwereたら、if全焼total destructionはtopicまぬがれsparedなかっnotたpastかperhapsもperhaps知れmight beませmight beん。might be
---NAKUTE SUMU
---ZUNI SUMU
Following the negative base of verbs, NAKUTE SUMU or ZUNI SUMU express the idea of ”get off without ---,” ”do without ---,” or ”end up without ---.” NAKUTE SUMU is sometimes used without following verbs like GA NAKUTE SUMU.
Examples:
SAKUBAN GAKKOO E IKANAKUTE SUMIMASHITA.
”I got off without going to school last night.”
KYOO SHIKEN GA NAKATTA KARA, SAKUBAN BENKYOO SHINAKUTE SUNDA.
”There was no examination today, so I managed without studying last night.”
OKANE O HARAWAZUNI SUNDA.
”I got off without paying money.”
WATAKUSHI WA JOCHUU GA NAKUTE SUMIMASU.
”I can get along without a servant.”
KEGA GA NAKUTE SUMIMASHITA.
”I got off without getting hurt.”
”I escaped unhurt.”
BYOOKI GA YOKU NATTA KARA, KUSURI O NOMANAKUTE SUNDA.
”Sickness improved, so I got off without taking a medicine.”- から
- from (See Gram. Notes)
- です
- to be (See Gram. Notes)
- が、
- but (See Gram. Notes)
- で
- --is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
- は
- leaves
- 近所
- neighbor
- の
- See Grammar Notes
- 火事
- conflagration; fire
- し
- city
- だ
- to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)
- そう
- numerical counter for ships
- ね。
- isn't it (See Grammar Notes)
- ええ、
- Yes
- も
- as much as, as many as (See Grammar Notes
- 家
- house, home
- に
- on (See Gram. Notes)
- まだ
- yet, still
- い
- stomach
- そんがい
- loss; damage
- すみ
- inside corner
- 火元
- the origin of a fire; the house that started a fire
- か。
- either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
- ろう電
- electric leak
- と
- and (See Gram. Notes)
- 風上
- windward
- もし
- if
- 風下
- leeward; lee side
Evacuation and home repairs · Dialogue 2 of 3
The fire is contained
The family was windward, and the fire engine arrived quickly.
*一部を 焼いただけで 消しとめる 事が 出来ました* means "the family extinguished the fire after only a portion of the house burned."
Home during repairs
The family stayed briefly across the street, then returned home while repairs continued.
A visitor says *しゅう理 が 出来上るまで、私の 家に いらっしゃい*, "come to my house until the repair work is done."
- 7
かざいどうぐははこびだすひまがあったのですね。
Did you have time to carry your household goods out?
家household goodsざいhousehold goods道具household goodsはtopicはこびcarry out出すcarry outひまtimeがsubjectあっhadたhadのthe factですisね。right - 8
はあ、かざかみだったこと、しょうぼうしゃがはやくきたことなどのため、いちぶをやいただけでけしとめることができました。
Yes, because of the facts that we were windward and that the fire engine came quickly, we were able to extinguish the fire and just a portion of the house burned.
はあ、yes風上windwardだっwasたwas事、fact消防fire engine車fire engineがsubject早くquickly来cameたcame事factなどand so forthのofため、because of一部a portionをobject焼いburnedたburnedだけonlyでand消しとめるextinguish事actがsubject出来was ableましwas ableた。was able - 9
それで、おたくのみなさんはおけがもなくたちのかれたのですか。
And everybody in your family was evacuated without getting hurt?
それand soで、and soおyour home宅your homeの's皆everyoneさんeveryoneはtopicおinjuryけがinjuryもevenなくwithoutたちのかwere evacuatedれwere evacuatedたwere evacuatedのthe factですisか。question - 10
おかげさまでいちぶしかしょうしつしなかったのですから、いちじむかいのいえでやっかいになりましたが、もうけさからかえっています。
Thank you. Only one section burned down, so we became a burden to our neighbor across the street, but we have been home since this morning.
おかげthanks to you様thanks to youでthanks to you一部one sectionしかonly焼失burn downしdoなかっnotたpastのthe factですisから、because一時for a timeむかいacross the streetの's家houseでatやっかいa burdenにintoなりbecameましpoliteたpastが、butもうalready今朝this morningからsince帰っhave been homeてhave been homeいhave been homeます。have been home - 11
なんでしたらしゅうりができあがるまで、わたくしのいえにいらっしゃい。
If you don’t mind, come over to our house until the repair work is done.
何if you don’t mindでしif you don’t mindたらif you don’t mindしゅう理repairsがsubject出来上るbe completedまで、until私Iの's家houseにtoいらっしゃい。please come - 12
ごしんせつにありがとう。たいしたそんがいでもないし、にさんにちでしゅうりできるとおもいますから、----。
Thank you very much for your kindness. It isn’t a serious damage, and I think I can repair it within two ox three days, so ---
御your kindness親切your kindnessにforありがとう。thank you大したseriousそんがいdamageでisもevenないnotし、and二two三three日daysでwithinしゅう理repair出来るcan doとquote思いthinkますpoliteから、----。because
- 道具
- tool, instrument; outfit
- 出す
- to mail, send, take out
- ひま
- leisure time, free
- が
- but (See Gram. Notes)
- 車
- vehicle, car
- など
- and so forth, etc.
- 一部
- a copy
- を
- particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)
- だけ
- only, just (See Grammar Notes)
- 消しとめる
- extinguish a fire
- けが
- injury; wound
- しか
- deer
- から、
- from (See Gram. Notes)
- 一時
- for a time
- もう
- already (See Gram. Notes)
- 今朝
- this morning
- ます。
- trout
- 出来上る
- be completed
- まで、
- as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)
- いらっしゃい。
- please come; please go (See Cult. notes)
- 二
- two
- 三
- three
- 出来る
- to be manufactured; to be produced (v.i.)
Offering help after a fire · Dialogue 3 of 3
An offer of help
A visitor offers help after the fire.
The offer is *何でも お手つだい出来る事が ありましたら、御えんりょ なく おっしゃってください*, "if there is anything I can be of help, please don't hesitate to tell me."
Someone stays home
The resident says someone should remain home during repairs.
*しゅう理中も だれかが 家に 居た方が よい* means "it is best that someone be home even while being repaired."
*転任 直前* means "immediately before my transfer," which explains why the resident is busy.
- 13
なんでもおてつだいできることがありましたら、ごえんりょなくおっしゃってください。
if there is anything I can be of help, please don’t hesitate to tell me.
何anythingでanythingもanythingおhelp手つだいhelp出来るcan do事thingがsubjectありexistsましpoliteたら、if御without hesitationえんりょwithout hesitationなくwithout hesitationおっしゃっplease tell meてplease tell meください。please tell me - 14
えんりょはしないほうなんですが、やはりしゅうりちゅうもだれかがいえにいたほうがよいとおもいますので。
I am rather non-hesitant, but I still think it is best that someone be home even while being repaired, so ----
えんりょhesitationはtopicしdoないnot方typeなisんthe factですisが、butやはりstillしゅう理repairs中duringもevenだれsomeoneかsomeoneがsubject家homeにat居beたbe方betterがsubjectよいbestとquote思いthinkますpoliteのthe factで。because - 15
それはそうですね。それにあなたもこうようでおいそがしいのでしょうから。
I suppose so. And besides you must be busy with government business, so —-
それthatはtopicそうsoですisね。rightそれbesidesにbesidesあなたyouもalso公用government businessでwithおhonorific忙しいbusyのthe factでしょうprobablyから。because - 16
ええ、あいにくてんにんちょくぜんなので。
Yes, unfortunately I am, because it is immediately before my transfer.
ええ、yesあいにくunfortunately転任transfer直前immediately beforeなisのthe factで。because - 17
まったくとんださいなんでしたね。
It really was a terrible mishap, wasn’t it?
全くreallyとんだterrible災難mishapでしwasたwasね。wasn’t it - 18
みなさまにもたいへんごしんぱいをおかけして、きょうしゅくにおもっております。
I caused a lot of trouble to you, and I am very much obliged.
皆everyone様everyoneにtoもalso大変greatly御worry心配worryをobjectおcaused troubleかけcaused troubleしcaused troubleて、andきょうしゅくobligedにas思っfeel obligedてfeel obligedおりfeel obligedます。feel obliged
- ください。
- please give me (See Gram. Notes)
- な
- I wish, I hope, huh
- やはり
- as it should be expected
- だれ
- who?
- か
- either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
- よい
- good (See Gram. Notes)
- ます
- trout
- 公用
- government business
- でしょう
- probably (See Gram. Notes)
- から。
- from (See Gram. Notes)
- あいにく
- unfortunately
- 直前
- immediately before
- 全く
- truly, entirely
- とんだ
- terrible; horrible
- きょうしゅく
- obligation(be obligated)
Managing without doing something · Perception drill
Getting by without an action
*勉強し なくて すんだ* means "I managed without studying." The studying proved unnecessary.
A negative verb base followed by *なくて すむ* means "get off without," "do without," or "end up without."
A second form
*勉強せ ずに すんだ* also means "I managed without studying."
A negative verb base followed by *ずに すむ* expresses the same result as *なくて すむ*.
Without an unwanted result
*そんがい が あまり なくて すみました* means "I got off without much damage."
Here, *なくて すむ* follows a noun with *が* and no preceding verb.
- 19
そんがいがあまりなくてすみました。
I got off without much damage.
そんがいdamageがsubjectあまりmuchなくwithoutてwithoutすみgot offましgot offた。got off - 20
べんきょうしなくてすんだ。
I managed without studying,
勉強studyingしdoなくwithoutてwithoutすんmanagedだ。managed - 21
べんきょうせずにすんだ。
I understand you traveled from San Francisco to New York by car.
勉強studyingせdoずnotにwhileすんmanagedだ。managed - 22
サンフランシスコからニューヨークまでじどうしゃでりょこうなさったそうですね。
Yes, thanks to you, I managed without any accident at all and l am pleased,
サンフランシスコSan FranciscoからfromニューヨークNew Yorkまでto自動car車carでby旅行travelなさっdidたpastそうI hearですisね。right - 23
ええ、おかげさまでなんらのじこもなくてすんで、よろこんでおります。
I understand you were sick last weekend.
ええ、yesおかげthanks to youさまthanks to youでthanks to you何anyらanyのofじこaccidentもanyなくwithoutてwithoutすんgot throughで、got through喜んam pleasedでam pleasedおりam pleasedます。am pleased - 24
せんしゅうまつびょうきだったそうですね。
Yes, but I got over it quickly and I got off without going to a doctor.
先週last weekend末last weekend病気illだっwasたwasそうI hearですisね。right - 25
ええ、しかし、はやくよくなって、いしゃへいかなくてすみました。
The time came, so you got off without speaking, didn’t you?
ええ、yesしかし、however早くquicklyよくwellなっrecoveredて、recovered医者doctorへtoward行かgoなくnotてandすみgot byましgot byた。got by - 26
じかんがきたから、きみははなさなくてすんだね。
Yes, perhaps I will be forced to speak the next hour.
時間timeがsubject来cameたpastから、because君youはtopic話さspeakなくnotてandすんgot offだpastね。right - 27
うん、しかしたぶんつぎのじかんにはなさせられるだろうよ。
You must have been busy with moving?
うん、yesしかしhoweverたperhaps分perhaps次nextのof時間hourにin話さbe forced to speakせbe forced to speakられるbe forced to speakだろうprobablyよ。I tell you - 28
おひっこしでいそがしかったでしょう。
Yes, I had intended to have two or three of you help me, but since my children’s school was out, I managed without having you help me.
おmovingひっこしmovingでwith忙しかっbusyたpastでしょう。probably - 29
ええ、あなたがたにさんにんのおかたにてつだってもらうつもりでしたが、こどものがっこうがやすみでしたので、てつだってもらわなくてすみました。
Didn’t you have to go to a P.T.A. meeting tonight?
ええ、yesあなたyou all方you all二two三three人peopleのofおpeople方peopleにfrom手つだっhelpてhelpもらうhave themつもりintentionでしwasたwasが、but子供childrenの's学校schoolがsubject休closedでしwasたwasのthe factで、because手つだっhelpてhelpもらわhave themなくnotてandすみgot byましgot byた。got by - 30
あなたはこんばんピーティーエーにいかなくてもよかったのですか。
Since my wife went, I got off without going.
あなたyouはtopic今晩tonightPTAPTAにto行かgoなくnotてandもevenよかっwas okayたwas okayのthe factですisか。question - 31
かないがいったから、わたくしはいかなくてすみました。
Since my wife went, I did not have to go.
家内wifeがsubject行っwentたwentから、because私Iはtopic行かgoなくnotてandすみgot offましgot offた。got off
- だ。
- to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)
- せ
- height (of man)
- サンフランシスコ
- San Francisco
- ニューヨーク
- New York
- まで
- as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)
- じこ
- accident
- 先週
- last week
- しかし、
- however, but
- よく
- well, skillfully
- 医者
- medical doctor
- へ
- to (See Gram. Notes)
- 時間
- hour, time
- 君
- suffix to a name, Mr. (See cult. notes)
- うん、
- Yes, all right.
- 分
- minute
- ひっこし
- moving, change of address
- でしょう。
- probably (See Gram. Notes)
- 人
- people
- もらう
- to receive (tangible things)
Avoiding unnecessary actions · Pattern 1 1 of 3
An action was unnecessary
*友だち を むかえ に 行かずに すんだ* means "I did not have to go meet my friend."
The *ずに すむ* form states that the trip was unnecessary.
No action required
*この 金 は なくて すみます* means "We can do without this money."
*けが が なくて すみました* means "We got through it without any injuries." The first concerns a thing, and the second an unwanted result.
- 32
なんらのじこもなくてすみました。
We got through it without any accidents.
何anyらanyのofじこaccidentもanyなくwithoutてwithoutすみgot throughましgot throughた。got through - 33
こんばんはおしえにいかなくてすんだ。
I did not have to go teach tonight.
今晩tonightはtopic教えteachにto行かgoなくnotてandすんgot byだ。past - 34
たくさんおかねをはらわなくてすんだ。
I got by without paying a lot of money.
沢山a lotおmoney金moneyをobjectはらわpayなくnotてandすんgot byだ。past - 35
にちようびにはたらかなくてすんだ。
I did not have to work on Sunday.
日曜Sunday日Sundayにon働かworkなくnotてandすんgot byだ。past - 36
こどもをつれていかなくてすみました。
I did not have to take the child along.
子供childをobject連れtake alongてtake along行かtake alongなくnotてandすみgot byましgot byた。got by - 37
ともだちをむかえにいかずにすんだ。
I did not have to go meet my friend.
友だちfriendをobjectむかえmeetにto行かgoずnotにwhileすんgot byだ。past - 38
あたらしいてんいんをやとわずにすみました。
We did not have to hire a new clerk.
新しいnew店員clerkをobjectやとわhireずnotにwhileすみgot byましgot byた。got by - 39
けががなくてすみました。
We got through it without any injuries.
けがinjuryがsubjectなくwithoutてwithoutすみgot throughましgot throughた。got through - 40
このかねはなくてすみます。
We can do without this money.
このthis金moneyはtopicなくwithoutてwithoutすみdo withoutます。polite
- 金
- gold
- 店員
- store clerk
Explaining why something was unnecessary · Pattern 1 2 of 3
A reason for avoiding an action
*お金 を 借りた ので、切手 を 売らなくて すみました* means "Since I borrowed some money, I did not have to sell the stamps."
The reason comes before *売らなくて すみました*, which states that selling proved unnecessary.
A reason for lower cost
*観光団で 行ったものですから、わり合に ひ用が かからなくて すみました* means "since I went with a tour group, I got by without spending very much."
Here, travel with a tour group explains the lower expense.
- 41
にほんのきってをうるといっていましたが、どうしましたか。
You said you were going to sell your Japanese stamps, but what did you do?
日本Japanの's切手stampsをobject売るsellとquote言っsaidてsaidいsaidましsaidたsaidが、butどうhowしdoましpoliteたpastか。question - 42
おかねをかりたので、きってをうらなくてすみました。
Since I borrowed some money, I did not have to sell the stamps.
おmoney金moneyをobject借りborrowedたpastのthe factで、because切手stampsをobject売らsellなくnotてandすみgot byましgot byた。got by - 43
ヨーロッパのほうへりょこうなさって、ずいぶんひようがかかったでしょう。
You must have spent quite a lot on your trip to Europe.
ヨーロッパEuropeのof方directionへtoward旅行travelなさっdidて、andずい分quiteひexpenses用expensesがsubjectかかっcostたpastでしょう。probably - 44
いいえ、かんこうだんでいったものですから、わりあいにひようがかからなくてすみました。
No, since I went with a tour group, I got by without spending very much.
いいえ、no観光tour group団tour groupでwith行っwentたpastものreasonですisから、becauseわりrelatively合relativelyにrelativelyひexpenses用expensesがsubjectかからcostなくnotてandすみgot byましgot byた。got by - 45
あたらしいテープ・レコーダーをかわなくてすみましたね。
You did not have to buy a new tape recorder, did you?
新しいnewテープ・tape recorderレコーダーtape recorderをobject買わbuyなくnotてandすみgot byましgot byたgot byね。right - 46
ええ、たなかさんにふるいのをもらいましたからね。
No, because Mr. Tanaka gave me his old one.
ええ、yes田中TanakaさんMr.にfrom古いoldのoneをobjectもらいreceivedましreceivedたreceivedからbecauseね。right - 47
このあいだ、いえのやねからおちたそうですが、けががなくてすんで、よかったですね。
I heard that you fell from the roof of your house the other day, but it was fortunate that you were not injured.
このthe other day間、the other day家houseの'sやねroofからfrom落ちfellたpastそうI hearですisが、butけがinjuryがsubjectなくwithoutてwithoutすんgot offで、got offよかっfortunateたpastですisね。right - 48
ええ、ありがとうございます。まあ、うんがよかったのですね。
Yes, thank you very much. I suppose I was lucky.
ええ、yesありがとうthank you御thank youざthank youいthank youます。thank youまあ、wellうんluckがsubjectよかっluckyたluckyのthe factですisね。I suppose - 49
きのうおひるごはんにいえへかえったのですか。
Did you go home for lunch yesterday?
きのうyesterdayおlunch昼lunch御飯lunchにfor家homeへtoward帰っreturnedたpastのthe factですisか。question
- 切手
- postage stamp
- で、
- --is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
- ずい分
- very much
- もの
- things (tangible)
- 古い
- old, antique
- 間、
- between
- やね
- roof
- まあ、
- Well! Oh, my!
- うん
- Yes, all right.
- 御飯
- cooked rice
Things you need not do · Pattern 1 3 of 3
No need to go home
*家内が べんとう を 持って来て くれたから、帰らなくて すみました* means "since my wife brought me a boxed lunch, I did not have to go home."
The reason comes first. *帰らなくて すみました* states the action that became unnecessary.
- 50
いいえ、かないがべんとうをもってきてくれたから、かえらなくてすみました。
No, since my wife brought me a boxed lunch, I did not have to go home.
いいえ、no家内wifeがsubjectべんとうboxed lunchをobject持っbrought for meてbrought for me来brought for meてbrought for meくれbrought for meたbrought for meから、because帰らgo homeなくnotてandすみgot byましgot byた。got by - 51
おかねをかりる
To borrow money.
おmoney金moneyをobject借りるborrow - 52
かう
To buy.
買うbuy - 53
てつだう
To help.
手つだうhelp - 54
むかえにいく
To go meet someone.
むかえmeet someoneにto行くgo - 55
そんがい
Damage.
そんがいdamage - 56
いしゃにかかる
To see a doctor.
医者doctorにtoかかるsee
- べんとう
- box lunch
- 買う
- to buy
- 手つだう
- to help
- かかる
- to consult, to contract, to be attacked by
Escaping a house fire · Reading Selection
Why the fire was limited
A neighborhood fire spread and destroyed part of Mr. Murata's house.
His house was windward, and the fire engines arrived quickly. The fire was extinguished after only part of the house burned.
*もし家が 風下だったら、全焼は まぬがれなかったかも 知れません* means "If the house had been leeward, it might not have escaped burning down completely."
- 57
きんじょのかじがえんしょうして、むらたさんのいえはいちぶしょうしつしました。
A fire in the neighborhood spread, and part of Mr. Murata’s house burned down.
近所neighborhoodのin火事fireがsubject延焼spreadしspreadて、spread村田Mr. MurataさんMr. Murataの's家houseはtopic一部part焼失burned downしburned downましburned downた。burned down - 58
ほんとにとんださいなんでした。
It really was a terrible misfortune.
ほんとreallyにreallyとんだterrible災難misfortuneでしwasた。was - 59
でもさいわい、むらたさんのいえはかざかみだったし、またしょうぼうしゃもはやくきたので、ただいえのいちぶをやいただけで、けしとめることができたのです。
But fortunately, Mr. Murata’s house was windward and the fire engines also arrived quickly, so they were able to put out the fire with only part of the house burned.
でbutもbut幸fortunatelyわい、fortunately村田Mr. MurataさんMr. Murataの's家houseはtopic風上windwardだっwasたwasし、and又also消防fire engine車fire engineもalso早くquickly来arrivedたarrivedのbecauseで、becauseただonly家houseのof一部partをobject焼いburnedたburnedだけonlyで、with消しとめるput out事factがsubject出来were ableたwere ableのthe factです。is - 60
かざいどうぐもみなそとにはこびだすことができたのです。
They were also able to carry all the household goods outside.
家household goodsざいhousehold goods道具household goodsもalso皆all外outsideにtoはこびcarry out出すcarry out事factがsubject出来were ableたwere ableのthe factです。is - 61
もしいえがかざしもだったら、ぜんしょうはまぬがれなかったかもしれません。
If the house had been leeward, it might not have escaped burning down completely.
もしif家houseがsubject風下leewardだっhad beenたら、had been全焼burning completelyはtopicまぬがれescapedなかっdid notたpastかmightもmight知れbeませnotん。not - 62
まあ、むらたさんにはほんとうにふこうちゅうのさいわいだったのです。
For Mr. Murata, it truly was a blessing in disguise.
まあ、well村田Mr. MurataさんMr. Murataにforはtopic本当trulyにtruly不幸misfortune中amidのof幸good fortuneわいgood fortuneだっwasたwasのthe factです。is - 63
ひもとはとなりのいえで、ろうでんがげんいんだった
The fire started at the house next door, and an electrical leak was the cause.
火元fire sourceはtopicとなりnext doorのof家houseで、atろう電electrical leakがsubject原因causeだっwasたwas
- ただ
- merely
- です。
- to be (See Gram. Notes)
- 原因
- cause
Fire damage and escape questions · Questions 1 of 2
Damage and escape
The questions ask what happened, why the fire was contained, and what happened to the household goods.
*火事を 早く 消しとめる 事が 出来ましたか* means "Were they able to put out the fire quickly?" An answer states whether they succeeded.
Other answers give a cause, a result, or a condition from the fire account.
- 64
とかいっていました。しかし、さいわいむらたさんもいえにいたし、まだみなおきていたので、そんがいもあまりなくてすんだのです。でいちじむかいのいえでやっかいになっていましたが、けさからまたいえにかえっています。いえはいましゅうりちゅうですが、むらたさんはしゅうりちゅうでもだれかいえにいたほうがよいとおもっています。ミラーさんはむらたさんのいえへかじみまいにいきました。そして、なんでもおてつだいすることがあったら、えんりょなくいってくれとむらたさんにいっていました。
Or so they said. However, fortunately Mr. Murata was also at home and everyone was still awake, so they got through it without much damage. He stayed at the house across the street for a while, but he has been back home since this morning. The house is now being repaired, but Mr. Murata thinks that someone should be at home even while it is being repaired. Mr. Miller went to Mr. Murata’s house to express his sympathy after the fire. He told Mr. Murata not to hesitate to let him know if there was anything he could do to help.
とquoteかor so言っwere sayingてwere sayingいwere sayingましwere sayingた。were sayingしかし、however幸fortunatelyわfortunatelyいfortunately村田Mr. MurataさんMr. Murataもalso家homeにat居wasたwasし、andまだstill皆everyone起きawakeてawakeいawakeたawakeのbecauseで、becauseそんがいdamageもevenあまりmuchなくwithoutてwithoutすんgot throughだgot throughのthe factです。isでthen一時a whileむかいacross the streetのof家houseでatやっかいstayedにstayedなっstayedてstayedいstayedましstayedたstayedが、but今朝this morningからfrom又again家homeにto帰っhas returnedてhas returnedいhas returnedます。has returned家houseはtopic今nowしゅう理repair中underwayですisが、but村田Mr. MurataさんMr. Murataはtopicしゅう理repair中underwayでevenもevenだれsomeoneかsomeone家homeにat居beたbe方betterがsubjectよいgoodとquote思っthinksてthinksいthinksます。thinksミラーMr. MillerさんMr. Millerはtopic村田Mr. MurataさんMr. Murataの's家houseへtoward火事fire sympathy visit見舞fire sympathy visitにfor行きwentましwentた。wentそして、and何anythingでanythingもanythingおhonorable手つだいhelpするdo事thingがsubjectあっexistedたら、ifえんりょhesitationなくwithout言っtellてtellくれmeとquote村田Mr. MurataさんMr. Murataにto言っsaidてsaidいsaidましsaidた。said - 65
むらたさんのいえにはどんなさいなんがありましたか。
What kind of misfortune happened to Mr. Murata’s house?
村田Mr. MurataさんMr. Murataの's家houseにtoはtopicどんなwhat kind災難misfortuneがsubjectありhappenedましhappenedたhappenedか。question - 66
むらたさんのいえはかざかみにありましたか、かざしもにありましたか。
Was Mr. Murata’s house windward or leeward?
村田Mr. MurataさんMr. Murataの's家houseはtopic風上windwardにatありwasましwasたwasか、question風下leewardにatありwasましwasたwasか。question - 67
かじをはやくけしとめることができましたか。
Were they able to put out the fire quickly?
火事fireをobject早くquickly消しとめるput out事factがsubject出来were ableましwere ableたwere ableか。question - 68
どんなりゆうのためはやくけしとめることができましたか。
For what reasons were they able to put it out quickly?
どんなwhat kind理由reasonのofためbecause of早くquickly消しとめるput out事factがsubject出来were ableましwere ableたwere ableか。question - 69
かざいどうぐはどうでしたか。
What happened to the household goods?
家household goodsざいhousehold goods道具household goodsはtopicどうwhat happenedでしwasたwasか。question - 70
もしいえがかざしもだったら、どうですか。
What would have happened if the house had been leeward?
もしif家houseがsubject風下leewardだっhad beenたら、had beenどうwhat happenedですwould beか。question - 71
むらたさんにはふこうちゅうのさいわいでしたか。
Was it a blessing in disguise for Mr. Murata?
村田Mr. MurataさんMr. Murataにforはtopic不幸misfortune中amidのof幸good fortuneわいgood fortuneでしwasたwasか。question
- わ
- counter for birds (See Gram. Notes)
- し、
- city
- どんな
- what kind of; what sort of
- 理由
- reason
Fire causes and recovery questions · Questions 2 of 2
Cause and recovery
The questions ask where the fire started, what caused it, where Mr. Murata stayed, and what help Mr. Miller offered.
*原因 は 何でしたか* means "What was the cause?" An answer names the cause.
*ミラーさんは 村田さんに 何と 言いましたか* asks what Mr. Miller said. An answer reports his offer of help.
- 72
ひもとはどこでしたか。
Where did the fire start?
火元fire sourceはtopicどこwhereでしwasたwasか。question - 73
げんいんはなんでしたか。
What was the cause?
原因causeはtopic何whatでしwasたwasか。question - 74
なぜあまりそんがいもなくてすんだのですか。
Why did they get through it without much damage?
なぜwhyあまりmuchそんがいdamageもevenなくwithoutてwithoutすんgot throughだgot throughのthe factですisか。question - 75
むらたさんはいちじどこでやっかいになっていましたか。
Where did Mr. Murata stay for a while?
村田Mr. MurataさんMr. Murataはtopic一時a whileどこwhereでatやっかいstayedにstayedなっstayedてstayedいstayedましstayedたstayedか。question - 76
むらたさんのいえはいましゅうりちゅうですか。
Is Mr. Murata’s house being repaired now?
村田Mr. MurataさんMr. Murataの's家houseはtopic今nowしゅう理repair中underwayですisか。question - 77
ミラーさんはかじみまいにいきましたか。
Did Mr. Miller go to express his sympathy after the fire?
ミラーMr. MillerさんMr. Millerはtopic火事fire sympathy visit見舞fire sympathy visitにfor行きwentましwentたwentか。question - 78
ミラーさんはむらたさんになんといいましたか。
What did Mr. Miller say to Mr. Murata?
ミラーMr. MillerさんMr. Millerはtopic村田Mr. MurataさんMr. Murataにto何whatとquote言いsaidましsaidたsaidか。question
- なぜ
- why?
Fire damage and causes · Word list 1 of 3
Fire and limited loss
These words describe a fire, its source, and its results.
*火元* is "the origin of a fire." *ろう電* is "electric leak." *そんがい* is "loss" or "damage."
*あまりなくて すみました* means "got over with little" or "ended with little."
- 79
かじみまい
inquiry after fire
火事見舞fire sympathy visit - 80
きんじょ
neighbor
近所neighborhood - 81
えんしょう(する)
spreading of fire(v.i.
延焼(する)fire spreading - 82
(ご)さいなん
misfortune; calamity; disaster; mishap
(御)災難misfortune - 83
そんがい
loss; damage
そんがいdamage - 84
あまりなくてすみました
got over with little; ended with little -- (See Gram, Notes)
あまりなくてすみましたgot through with little - 85
すむ
end up with; be over with (v.i.)
すむget through - 86
ひもと
the origin of a fire; the house that started a fire
火元fire source - 87
ろうでん
electric leak
ろう電electrical leak - 88
ふこうちゅうのさいわい
one consolation; happy feature of the misfortune
不幸中の幸わいblessing in disguise
- 火事見舞
- inquiry after fire
- 延焼(する)
- spreading of fire(v.i.
- (御)災難
- misfortune; calamity; disaster; mishap
- あまりなくてすみました
- got over with little; ended with little -- (See Gram, Notes)
- すむ
- end up with; be over with (v.i.)
- 不幸中の幸わい
- one consolation; happy feature of the misfortune
Wind, rescue and firefighting · Word list 2 of 3
Wind and firefighting
These words describe the conditions and response that can limit a fire.
*風上* is "windward," while *風下* is "leeward." *消防車* is "fire engine."
The entries also cover rescue, complete destruction by fire, household goods, and carrying them outside.
- 89
かざかみ
windward
風上windward - 90
たすかる
be spared; be saved; be rescued
たすかるbe spared - 91
かざしも
leeward; lee side
風下leeward - 92
ぜんしょう(する)
total destruction by fire (burn down completely (v.i.)
全焼(する)burn down completely - 93
まぬかれなかったかもしれません
was probably not spared of
まぬかれなかったかも知れませんmight not have escaped - 94
まぬかれる
escape; be saved from be relieved of (v.t.)
まぬかれるescape - 95
かざいどうぐ
household goods
家ざい道具household goods - 96
はこびだす
carry out; bring out (v.t.)
はこび出すcarry out - 97
しょうぼうしゃ
fire engine
消防車fire engine - 98
いちぶ
a part; a portion
一部a part
- たすかる
- be spared; be saved; be rescued
- 全焼(する)
- total destruction by fire (burn down completely (v.i.)
- まぬかれなかったかも知れません
- was probably not spared of
- まぬかれる
- escape; be saved from be relieved of (v.t.)
- 家ざい道具
- household goods
- はこび出す
- carry out; bring out (v.t.)
- 消防車
- fire engine
Evacuation, repairs and obligations · Word list 3 of 3
After the fire
These words cover extinguishing, evacuation, temporary lodging, and obligation after a fire.
*消しとめる* means "extinguish a fire." *たちのく* means "evacuate."
*きょうしゅくに思って おります* expresses being sorry, grateful, or much obliged.
- 99
やく
burn; roast• broil (v.t.)
焼くburn - 100
けしとめる
extinguish a fire
消しとめるput out fire - 101
たちのく
evacuate (v.i.)
たちのくevacuate - 102
やっかいになる
be received kindly; become a burden to
やっかいになるstay as guest - 103
ちょくぜん
immediately before
直前immediately before - 104
ごしんぱいをおかけして
caused trouble to you caused anxiety to you
御心配をおかけしてcaused you anxiety - 105
きょうしゅくにおもっております
I’m sorry that -----; I’m grateful for -----; be much obliged
きょうしゅくに思っておりますam deeply sorry - 106
きょうしゅく
obligation(be obligated)
きょうしゅくobligation
Guide for Free Conversation
1 Topic titles:
a Make inquiry on the following occasions.
(1) On the occasion of a fire.
(2) On the occasion of flood damage.
(3) On the occasion of sickness.Homework
1 Memorize the Dialogue and the vocabulary.
2 Study the Grammar Perception Drill.
3 Study the pattern Practice.
4 Learn to read and write new Kanji.
5 Read the Explanatory Notes.
6 Study the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercises given.- 焼く
- burn; roast• broil (v.t.)
- たちのく
- evacuate (v.i.)
- やっかいになる
- be received kindly; become a burden to
- 御心配をおかけして
- caused trouble to you caused anxiety to you
- きょうしゅくに思っております
- I’m sorry that -----; I’m grateful for -----; be much obliged
The particulars
- The course
- Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours.
- Reading aloud
- Digital narration, directed by 1732 Studios.
- The book
- Botchan, the work this course leads to, free to read here.
- Data
- JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents