Japanese Basic Course 1732 Studios

Japanese · Lesson 154

Lesson 156

Narration and the written language

57 lines

Origins of the Self-Defense Forces · Narration

The reserve begins

*日本に 警察予備隊の 創設を 指令した* says General MacArthur ordered Japan to create the National Police Reserve.

It would supplement the police force and maintain public order after American forces in Japan went to Korea.

Three defense branches

*保安隊と 警備隊は 新設の 航空を 加えて 陸、海、空の 三自衛隊へと 脱皮した* describes the reorganization in 1954.

The National Safety Force and Security Force became the Ground, Maritime, and Air Self-Defense Forces.

The passage then follows defense plans that strengthened the forces and modernized their equipment.

Kanji: 布

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

Kanji: 皮

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

Kanji: 導

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

Kanji: 改

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

Kanji: 整

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

  1. 1

    せんきゅうひゃくごじゅうねんろくがつちょうせんどうらんがおこり、ざいにちべいぐんはちょうせんにしゅつどうした。

    In June 1950, the Korean War broke out, and U.S. forces stationed in Japan were sent to Korea.

    一1950
    九1950
    五1950
    〇1950
    年1950
    六June
    月June
    朝鮮Korean War
    動乱Korean War
    がsubject
    おこり、broke out
    在日stationed in Japan
    米軍U.S. forces
    はtopic
    朝鮮Korea
    にto
    出動were sent
    しwere sent
    た。were sent
  2. 2

    そこでどうねんしちがつようか、れんごうこくさいこうしれいかんマッカーサーげんすいはこくないのちあんをかくほするためけいさつりょくのほじゅうとしてにほんにけいさつよびたいのそうせつをしれいした。

    Therefore, on July 8 of that year, General MacArthur, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, ordered the establishment of a National Police Reserve in Japan to supplement the police force and maintain public order in the country.

  3. 3

    どうねんはちがつとおかけいさつよびたいせっちれいがこうふされ、ななまんごせんにんのけいさつよびたいがたんじょうした。

    On August 10 of that year, the National Police Reserve Ordinance was promulgated, and a National Police Reserve of 75,000 men was created.

  4. 4

    せんきゅうひゃくごじゅうにねんはちがつついたち、ほあんちょうがほっそくし、けいさつよびたいはほあんたいにはってんし、せんきゅうひゃくごじゅうにねんしがつにしんせつされたかいじょうけいびたいもほあんちょうのもとにはいり、けいびたいとあらためられた。

    On August 1, 1952, the National Safety Agency was established, the National Police Reserve developed into the National Safety Force, and the Coastal Security Force, newly established in April 1952, was also placed under the National Safety Agency and renamed the Security Force.

  5. 5

    せんきゅうひゃくごじゅうよねんろくがつふつか、ぼうえいりょくぞうきょうのためのぼうえいにほう（じえいたいほう、ぼうえいちょうせっちほう）がこっかいでせいりつし、どうほうによってほあんちょうはぼうえいちょうにはってんし、またほあんたいとけいびたいはしんせつのこうくうをくわえてりく、かい、くうのさんじえいたいへとだっぴした。

    On June 2, 1954, the two National Defense laws for strengthening the defense forces—the Self-Defense Forces Act and the Defense Agency Establishment Act—were passed by the Diet; under these laws, the National Safety Agency developed into the Defense Agency, and the National Safety Force and the Security Force, joined by a newly established air force, were transformed into the three Ground, Maritime, and Air Self-Defense Forces.

  6. 6

    にほんせいふはじえいたいのきんだいかとぞうきょうをはかるため、せんきゅうひゃくごじゅうななねんろくがつ、ぼうえいりょくせいびにかんするちょうきけいかくをたて、だいいちじぼうえいけいかく（さんかねんかん）をけってい、ろくじゅういちねんしちがつにはだいにじぼうえいけいかく（せんきゅうひゃくろくじゅうにねんからせんきゅうひゃくろくじゅうろくねんまでのごかねんかん）をけっていした。

    To modernize and strengthen the Self-Defense Forces, the Japanese government drew up a long-term plan for developing the defense forces in June 1957 and adopted the First Defense Plan, covering three years; in July 1961, it adopted the Second Defense Plan, covering the five years from 1962 through 1966.

  7. 7

    だいさんじぼうえいけいかくではふるくなったこうくうき、へいきなどをこうしんし、ミサイルをどうにゅうしてそうびのきんだいかをはかることになった。

    Under the Third Defense Plan, it was decided to replace aging aircraft, weapons, and other equipment and to introduce missiles in order to modernize the equipment.

1 A Brief History of the Self-Defense Force

On July 8, 1950 the Japanese Government received a letter from General Douglas MacArthur, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, addressed to Prime Minister Shigeru Yoshida. The letter suggested that the Japanese Government take appropriate steps to establish a new national Police Reserve composed of 75,000 men and increase the strength of the Maritime Safety Board to 8,000 men.

On August 10 of the same year, the Police Reserve Force Order was promulgated and the Reserve Force activated. According to this Order, the Police Reserve Force was ’’to supplement the police power of the National Rural Police and the local autonomous police forces within the limits necessary to maintain peace and order of the country and to guarantee public welfare.” It was ”to act by the order of the Prime Minister in case of special need to maintain public peace.”

The Cabinet Order concerning enforcement of the National Police Reserve Order and the regulation concerning

the Organization of the National Police Reserve Headquarters were promulgated on August 24 and 26, respectively. Recruiting of enlisted men was followed by the commissioning of a limited number of officers from civilian life, most of whom had combat experience, and by the appointment of high-ranking officers including the commander of the entire force.

With these steps, the National Police Reserve, which is the forerunner of the present Self-Defense Forces, was started. Planning for organization, personnel and equipment, as well as the education and the training, was then undertaken.

In May, 1952, the National Police Reserve was increased in strength from 75,000 to 110,000 men and the Maritime Safety Force of 7,590 men was organized as an agency of the Maritime Safety Board in accordance with the law of April 26, 1952,

With the Japanese Peace Treaty taking effect on April 28, 1952, Japan gained an independent status. In consequent reforms, the National Police Reserve and the

Maritime Safety Force were united on August 1, 1952 under the unified command of the newly established National Safety Agency--the forerunner of the Defense Agency. Under the National Safety Agency, the National Police Reserve became the "National Safety Force," and the Maritime Safety Force was named the "Coastal Safety Force." The two new forces were charged to "to maintain peace and order in our country and to act whenever necessary for the protection of lives and property."

Since then, in order to establish a defense structure in keeping with the nation’s independence, an effective force has been established with the responsibilities of defending Japan against direct aggression and of maintaining domestic order and guarding life and property. On July 1, 1954, laws for the establishment of a Defense Agency and a Self-Defense Force became effective. Under these measures, the National Safety Force was transformed into the "Ground Self-Defense Force" and the Coastal Safety Force into the "Maritime Self-Defense Force." In addition, a new Air Self-Defense Force was established.
一
one
九
nine
五
five
年
year (See Grammar Notes)
六
six
月
moon, month (See Grammar Notes)
動乱
disturbance; upheaval
が
but (See Gram. Notes)
米軍
U. S. forces
は
leaves
に
on (See Gram. Notes)
し
city
そこ
there
で
--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
同年
the same year
七
seven
八
eight
国
country, nation
元帥
General of the Army; Fleet Admiral; Field Marshal
国内
within a country, domestic
の
See Grammar Notes
治安
peace and order
を
particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)
補充
replenishment
と
and (See Gram. Notes)
隊
small unit
創設
establishment; founding
指令
directive
十
ten
五千
5,000
人
people
二
two
一日、
first day of the month (See Grammar Notes)
四
four
海上
on the sea; over the sea
も
as much as, as many as (See Grammar Notes
もと
cause, origin
増強
expansion; increase
国会
Diet
同法
the said law
また
thigh
航空
aviation; flight
陸、
land
海、
sea, ocean
三
three
へ
to (See Gram. Notes)
政府
government
はかる
seek; devise (v.t.)
整備
consolidation
たて、
vertical
か
either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
決定、
decision; conclusion
六十
60
から
from (See Gram. Notes)
まで
as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)
兵器
weapon
など
and so forth, etc.
装備
equipment

Police reserve origins · Questions 1 of 2

The reserve and its successor

*日本に 警察予備隊の 創設を 指令したのは だれか* means "Who ordered the establishment of the National Police Reserve in Japan?" The answer names General MacArthur.

Other questions ask when the reserve began, why it was established, and what it became. It developed into the National Safety Force.

Kanji: 推

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

  1. 8

    じえいたいのすいい

    Changes in the Self-Defense Forces

  2. 9

    ちょうせんどうらんがおこったのはいつか。

    When did the Korean War break out?

  3. 10

    にほんにけいさつよびたいのそうせつをしれいしたのはだれか。

    Who ordered the establishment of the National Police Reserve in Japan?

  4. 11

    なんのためにけいさつよびたいをせっちしたのか。

    For what purpose was the National Police Reserve established?

  5. 12

    けいさつよびたいがせっちされたのはいつだったか。

    When was the National Police Reserve established?

  6. 13

    ほあんちょうがほっそくしたのはいつか。

    When was the National Safety Agency established?

  7. 14

    けいさつよびたいはなににはってんしたか。

    What did the National Police Reserve develop into?

推移
transition; change
いつ
when?
か。
either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
だれ
who?

Defense Agency and modernization · Questions 2 of 2

Reorganization and modernization

*日本政府は 自衛隊の 近代化と 増強を はかるため どうしたか* means "What did the Japanese government do to modernize and strengthen the Self-Defense Forces?"

The answer states that the government made a long-range plan and adopted defense plans.

Other questions ask for dates and the effects of the defense law and later plans.

  1. 15

    かいじょうけいびたいはなんにんのたいいんでしんせつされたか。

    How many members did the Coastal Security Force have when it was newly established?

  2. 16

    ほあんちょうがぼうえいちょうにはってんしたのはいつか。

    When did the National Safety Agency develop into the Defense Agency?

  3. 17

    せんきゅうひゃくごじゅうよねんにぼうえいほうがせいりつしてほあんたいとけいびたいはどうなったか。

    What happened to the National Safety Force and the Security Force when the Defense Law was enacted in 1954?

  4. 18

    にほんせいふはじえいたいのきんだいかとぞうきょうをはかるためどうしたか。

    What did the Japanese government do to modernize and strengthen the Self-Defense Forces?

  5. 19

    だいにじぼうえいけいかくがけっていしたのはいつか。

    When was the Second Defense Plan adopted?

  6. 20

    だいにじぼうえいけいかくでどうすることになったか。

    What was it decided to do under the Second Defense Plan?

隊員
member of the SelfDefense Force
決定
decision; conclusion

Public order and police reserves · Word list 1 of 4

Public order and the reserve

The entries cover public order and the creation of a police reserve. *治 安* means "peace and order," and *警察力* means "police force."

*創 設* means "establishment" or "founding." These words name the reserve, its creation, and the police force it supplemented.

  1. 21

    すいい

    transition; change

  2. 22

    どうらん

    disturbance; upheaval

  3. 23

    ざいにちべいぐん

    American forces in Japan

  4. 24

    しゅつどうする

    march; be sent (v.i.)

  5. 25

    ちあん

    peace and order

  6. 26

    かくほする

    secure; insure (v.t.)

  7. 27

    けいさつりょく

    police force

  8. 28

    ほじゅう

    replenishment

  9. 29

    けいさつよびたい

    Police Reserve Force (Japan)

  10. 30

    そうせつ

    establishment; founding

在日米軍
American forces in Japan
出動する
march; be sent (v.i.)
確保する
secure; insure (v.t.)
警察力
police force
警察予備隊
Police Reserve Force (Japan)

Security forces and their creation · Word list 2 of 4

New organizations and names

The entries cover the establishment and renaming of security organizations. *保 安 庁* means "National Security Board," and *海上 警備隊* means "Maritime Safety Force."

*改 める* means "alter" or "change." *隊 員* names a "member of the SelfDefense Force."

  1. 31

    こうふする

    promulgate; announce officially (v.t.)

  2. 32

    せっちほう

    order to establish

  3. 33

    たんじょうする

    come into the world; establish (v.i.)

  4. 34

    ほあんちょう

    National Security Board

  5. 35

    ほっそくする

    make a start; start(v.i

  6. 36

    たいいん

    member of the SelfDefense Force

  7. 37

    しんせつされる

    be established newly (v.i.)

  8. 38

    かいじょうけいびたい

    Maritime Safety Force

  9. 39

    けいびたい

    squad of patrolmen; guards

  10. 40

    あらためる

    alter; change (v.t.)

公布する
promulgate; announce officially (v.t.)
設置法
order to establish
誕生する
come into the world; establish (v.i.)
保安庁
National Security Board
発足する
make a start; start(v.i
新設される
be established newly (v.i.)
海上警備隊
Maritime Safety Force
警備隊
squad of patrolmen; guards
改める
alter; change (v.t.)

Defense laws and modernization · Word list 3 of 4

Defense laws and agencies

The entries cover defense laws and reorganization. *防 衛 二 法* means "two National Defense laws," and *防 衛 庁* means "Defense Agency."

*近 代 化* means "modernization." Other entries name increased defensive power and the addition of a new force.

  1. 41

    ぼうえいりょく

    defensive power

  2. 42

    ぞうきょう

    expansion; increase

  3. 43

    ぼうえいにほう

    two National Defense laws

  4. 44

    せいりつする

    organize; form; come into existence (v.i.)

  5. 45

    どうほう

    the said law

  6. 46

    ぼうえいちょう

    Defense Agency (Japan)

  7. 47

    くわえる

    add (v.t.)

  8. 48

    だっぴする

    emerge as ---- (v.i.)

  9. 49

    せいふ

    government

  10. 50

    きんだいか

    modernization

防衛力
defensive power
防衛二法
two National Defense laws
成立する
materialize; be realized
防衛庁
Defense Agency (Japan)
加える
add (v.t.)
脱皮する
emerge as ---- (v.i.)
近代化
modernization

Defense plans and equipment · Word list 4 of 4

Plans and equipment

The entries cover long-range defense planning and equipment changes. *長 期 計画* means "long range plan," and *第一次防衛計画* means "the first defense plan."

*更 新する* means "renew" or "renovate." *導 入する* means "introduce" or "import."

  1. 51

    せいび

    consolidation

  2. 52

    ちょうきけいかく

    long range plan

  3. 53

    だいいちじぼうえいけいかく

    the first defense plan

  4. 54

    こうくうき

    aircraft

  5. 55

    こうしんする

    renew; renovate (v.t.)

  6. 56

    どうにゅうする

    introduce; import (v.t.)

  7. 57

    そうび

    equipment

Materials for Conversation and Exercise

1 Materials:

警察予備隊の誕生――一九五〇年 八月

国内の 治安確保

警察予備隊設置――警察力の 補充

――七万五千人

保安庁の発足――一九五二年 八月

警察予備隊――→保安隊

海上 警備隊――→警備隊　｝保安庁

防衛庁の発足――一九五四年 七月

防衛法（防衛庁設置法、自衛隊法）成立

保安庁――→防衛庁

保安隊　｝――→陸、海、空 自衛隊

警備隊

2 Exercise:

a Interpretation Exercise.

(1) Why did General MacArthur, Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers, direct the establishing of the Police Reserve in Japan?

(1) 在日米軍が 朝鮮に 出動したため、国内の 治安を 確保するため 警察力の 補充として 警察予備隊を 創設したのである。

(2) For what purpose was the First Defense Plan decided upon?

(2) 自衛隊の 近代化と 増強を はかるために 決定したのである。

(3) For what purpose did the two Defense Laws come into existence?

(3) 防衛力 増強の ためである。

4 According to the 2nd Defensive Plan, what is being planned?

4 古くなった 航空機、兵器 などを 更新し、ミサイルを 導入して 装備の 近代化を はかる 事に なっている。
Homework

1 Study the Narration thoroughly and memorize the vocabulary.

2 Read the Materials for Conversation and do the exercise given.

3 Learn to read and write the new Kanji.

4 Read the Notes.
長期計画
long range plan
第一次防衛計画
the first defense plan
航空機
aircraft
更新する
renew; renovate (v.t.)
導入する
introduce; import (v.t.)

The particulars

The course
Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours.
Reading aloud
Digital narration, directed by 1732 Studios.
The book
Botchan, the work this course leads to, free to read here.
Data
JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents
Two whoopie pies and a pine. An inside joke.