Japanese · Lesson 26
Lesson 26
Sounds, kana, and the first conversations
Days in different months · Dialogue 1 of 4
Days in April
One speaker asks how many days April has. *四月には 何日 ありますか* means "How many days are there in April?"
The reply is *四月には 三十日 あります*, "There are thirty days in April."
Dates and numbers of days
In the reply, *三十日* is read *SANJUU-NICHI*. The *-NICHI* ending marks thirty days.
The counters *-KA* and *-NICHI* name calendar dates and count numbers of days. Their forms include regular and irregular forms.
Kanji: 日
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 1
こんげつはなんがつですか。
What month is this month?
今月this monthはtopic何what month月what monthですisか。question - 2
こんげつはしがつです。
This month is April.
今月this monthはtopic四April月Aprilです。is - 3
しがつにはなんにちありますか。
How many days are there in April?
四April月Aprilにinはtopic何how many days日how many daysありare thereますare thereか。question - 4
しがつにはさんじゅうにちあります。
There are thirty days in April.
四April月Aprilにinはtopic三十thirty days日thirty daysありthere areます。there are - 5
どのつきにさんじゅうにちありますか。
in what months are there thirty days?
どのwhich月monthsにin三十thirty days日thirty daysありare thereますare thereか。question - 6
しがつ、ろくがつ、くがつ、じゅういちがつにはさんじゅうにちあります。
There are thirty days in April, June, September, and November.
四April月、April六June月、June九September月、September十November一November月Novemberにinはtopic三十thirty days日thirty daysありthere areます。there are
SHIKA plus a negative;'only'
SHIKA is a particle and it is always followed by the negative.
The construction X plus SHIKA plus a negative means something like the following in English:
'only X (plus an affirmative)'
'except for X (plus a negative)' or
'nothing but X (plus an affirmative)'
Examples:
WATAKUSHI WA NIPPONGO O HANASHIMASU. "I speak Japanese."
WATAKUSHI WA NIPPONGO SHIKA HANASHIMASEN. "I speak only Japanese." (Free: I only speak Japanese.) "Except for Japanese, I do not speak (anything else)." "I speak nothing but Japanese."
Note that SHIKA directly follows X expressions. When it directly follows a subject, object, or location of locomotive expression, it replaces the particles GA and O,
but it follows other particles. Thus:
Examples:
SUKOSHI TABEMASHITA. "I ate a little."
SUKOSHI SHIKA TABEMASENDESHITA. "I ate only a little."
SHOOKOO GA KIMASHITA. "Officers came."
SHOOKOO SHIKA KIMASEN DESHITA. "Only officers came."
ASAHAN O TABEMASHITA. "I ate breakfast."
ASAHAN SHIKA TABEMASEN DESHITA. "I ate only breakfast."
TOOKYOO NO UE O TOBIMASHITA. "I flew over Tokyo."
TOOKYOO NO UE SHIKA TOBIMASEN DESHITA. "I flew only over Tokyo."
HASHI DE TABEMASU. "I eat with chopsticks."
HASHI DE SHIKA TABEMASEN. "I eat only with chopsticks."
TOOKYOO NI ARIMASU. "It's in Tokyo."
TOOKYOO NI SHIKA ARIMASEN. "It's only in Tokyo."
NIHON KARA KIMASU. "It comes from Japan."
NIHON KARA SHIKA KIMASEN. "It comes only from Japan."
Compare the following sentences:
SUKOSHI WA ARIMASU. "There's some."
SUKOSHI ARIMASU. "There's a little."
SUKOSHI SHIKA ARIMASEN. "There's only a little." or "There's little."
SUKOSHI MO ARIMASEN. "There's none."TE ending of a verb plus MIRU
The TE-ending of a verb plus some form of the verb MIRU ('to see') means: 'do so-and-so and see (how it will turn out)' or
'try doing so-and-so (to see how it will turn out).'
Examples:
TABETE MINASAI. "Eat and see (how it tastes)." (Free: "Taste it.")
TABETE MIMASU. "I'll eat and see (how it tastes)." (Free: "I'll taste it.")
TABETE MIMASHITA. "I tasted it."
TABETE MITE KUDASAI. "Please eat and see how it tastes." (Free: "Please taste it.")
ARUITE MINASAI. "Try walking (to see if you can walk)." (Free: "See if you can walk.")
ARUITE MIMASU. "I'll try walking (to see if I can walk)." (Free: "I'll see if I can walk.")
ARUITE MIMASHITA. "I tried walking."
ARUITE MITE KUDASAI. "Please try walking."
The expression GORAN-NASAI is often used in place of MINASAI. They have the same meaning, but the former is more polite than the latter. Thus:
TABETE GORAN-NASAI. "Please eat and see (how it tastes)." (Free: "Please taste it.")
ARUITE GORAN-NASAI. "Please try walking (to see if you can walk)." (Free: "Please see if you can walk.")
However, in speaking to children and to inferiors, the noun GORAN alone may be used after the TE-ending of a verb. Thus:
TABETE GORAN. "Eat and see (how it tastes)." (Free: "Taste it.")
ARUITE GORAN. "Try walking (to see if you can walk)." (Free: "See if you can walk.")phrase ending with a particle plus another particle
A phrase ending with a particle may be followed directly by another particle. In this construction, the final particle relates the preceding phrase to what follows:
Examples:
a(1) OOSAKA E IKIMASHITA. "I went to Osaka."
a(2) KYOOTO E MO IKIMASHITA. "I went to Kyoto, too."
b(1) GOZEN WA REI-JI KARA JUUNI-JI MADE DESU. "The forenoon is from 0 o'clock till 12 o'clock."
b(2) REI-JI KARA JUUNI-JI MADE GA GOZEN DESU. "From 0 o'clock till 12 o'clock is the forenoon."
c(1) NIPPON NO SHINBUN O YOMIMASHITA. "I read a Japanese newspaper."
c(2) NIPPON KARA NO SHINBUN O YOMIMASHITA. "I read a newspaper from Japan."
c(3) NIPPON KARA KITA SHINBUN O YOMIMASHITA. "I read a newspaper that came from Japan."
Note that a phrase ending with a particle followed directly by the particle NO is another type of adjectival modifier as in Example c(2) above.Calendar days and number of days, -KA and -NICHI
-KA and -NICHI are the counters used to name the calendar days and to count days. They are combined with some numerals of the Chinese series, some of the native Japanese series, and some irregular forms.
Study the following list, paying special attention to the irregular forms:*
* TSUITACHI the first day of the month
ICHIJITSU the first day of the month
ICHI-NICHI one day
* FUTSU-KA the second day or two days
* MIK-KA the 3rd day or 3 days
* YOK-KA the 4th day or 4 days
* ITSU-KA the 5th day or 5 days
* MUI-KA the 6th day or 6 days
* NANO-KA the 7th day or 7 days
* NANU-KA the 7th day or 7 days
* YOO-KA the 8th day or 8 days
* KOKONO-KA the 9th day or 9 days
* TOO-KA the 10th day or 10 days
JUUICHI-NICHI the 11th day or 11 days
JUUNI-NICHI the 12th day or 12 days
JUUSAN-NICHI the 13th day or 13 days
* JUUYOK-KA the 14th day or 14 days
JUUGO-NICHI the 15th day or 15 days
JUUROKU-NICHI the 16th day or 16 days
JUUSHICHI-NICHI the 17th day or 17 days
JUUHACHI-NICHI the 18th day or 18 days
JUUKU-NICHI the 19th day or 19 days
* HATSU-KA the 20th day or 20 days
NIJUU ICHI-NICHI the 21st day or 21 days
NIJUU NI-NICHI the 22nd day or 22 days
NIJUU SAN-NICHI the 23rd day or 23 days
* NIJUU YOK-KA the 24th day or 24 days
NIJUU GO-NICHI the 25th day or 25 days
NIJUU ROKU-NICHI the 26th day or 26 days
NIJUU SHICHI-NICHI the 27th day or 27 days
NIJUU HACHI-NICHI the 28th day or 28 days
NIJUU KU-NICHI the 29th day or 29 days
SANJUU-NICHI the 30th day or 30 days
SANJUU-ICHI-NICHI the 31st day or 31 days
NAN-NICHI what date? or how many days?
IKU-NICHI what date? or how many days?
The counter -NICHI may be contracted to -NCHI. The contracted form -NCHI may be used in place of its original form -NICHI in all cases except the following:
|
JUUSAN-NICHI | JUUSAN-CHI
NIJUU SAN-NICHI | NIJUU SAN-CHI
SANJUU-NICHI | (no contraction)
Both TSUITACHI and ICHIJITSU mean only 'the first day of the month.' But the former is used more popularly in conversation and the latter is for broadcasting.
The words ICHI-NICHI and ICHI-NCHI are used almost exclusively to mean only 'one day.'
Compare the following words:
FUTSU-KA the second day of the month or two days
FUTSU-KA-ME the second day in a series
YOK-KA the 4th day of the month or 4 days
YOK-KA-ME the 4th day in a series
YOO-KA the 8th day of the month or 8 days
YOO-KA-ME the 8th day in a series-DO
-DO is the counter to count the number of times. It is combined with the Chinese numerals.
ICHI-DO 1 time
NI-DO 2 times
SAN-DO 3 times
YON-DO 4 times
GO-DO 5 times
ROKU-DO 6 times
SHICHI-DO 7 times
NANA-DO 7 times
HACHI-DO 8 times
KU-DO 9 times
KYUU-DO 9 times
JUU-DO 10 times
NAN-DO how many times?
IKU-DO how many times?
Compare the following words:
ICHI-DO 1 time
MOO ICHI-DO 1 more time
SAISHO NO TOKI the first time in a series
NI-DO 2 times
NI-DO-ME the second time in a series
SAIGO NO TOKI the last time in a series
KONO MAE NO KAYOO last Tuesday
SEN-GETSU last month
SEN-SHUU last week
YO-NEN NI ICHI-DO once in 4 years
ICHI-NICHI NI SAN-DO 3 times a day
IK-KAGETSU NI NI-DO twice a month
The word KONDO has three different meanings: 'this time,' 'next time' or 'another time,' and 'last time.' The distinction is made either from the context or the tense of the sentence in which it occurs.
Examples:
KONDO WA TANAKA-SAN GA YOMIMASU. "This time Mr. Tanaka will read."
KONDO TONARI E KITA HITO WA SENSEI DESU. "Our new neighbor is a teacher." (Lit: "The one who came to our next door this time is a teacher.")
MATA KONDO KITE KUDASAI. "Come again some other time."
KONDO NO NICHIYOO NI WA YOKOHAMA E IKIMASU. "Next Sunday, I'm going to Yokohama."
KONDO NO TESUTO WA YOKU DEKIMASHITA. "I did very well in the last test."MAI-
MAI- is a prefix meaning 'every ---' and it is usually placed in front of time words:
Examples:
MAI-NICHI everyday
MAI-SHUU every week
MAI-TSUKI every month
MAI-GETSU every month
MAI-TOSHI every year
MAI-NEN every year
MAI-ASA every morning
MAI-BAN every evening
MAI-DO every timeTAKUSAN vs. TAIHEN
The word TAKUSAN is an adverb of quantity meaning 'many' or 'much' whereas the word TAIHEN is an adverb of degree meaning 'very' or 'greatly.'
Examples:
II HON GA TAKUSAN ARIMASU. "There are many books."
TAKUSAN TABEMASHITA. "I ate a lot."
KORE WA TAIHEN MUZUKASHII DESU. "This is very difficult."
TAIHEN KIREI NA ONNA DESU. "She is a very pretty girl."
TAIHEN TAKUSAN TABEMASHITA. "I ate so (very) much."
The expression MOO TAKUSAN DESU is used:
When one declines another offer for eating or drinking when he has 'already' had 'enough' and does not want any more: "No thank you."
b When one wants to stop the service or action being performed by another: "That'll do" or "That's enough."- 今月
- this month
- 月
- moon, month (See Grammar Notes)
- か。
- either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
- 四
- four
- に
- on (See Gram. Notes)
- 三十
- 30
- どの
- which (pre-substantive) (See Notes)
- 六
- six
- 九
- nine
- 十
- ten
- 一
- one
February and leap years · Dialogue 2 of 4
Once in four years
February usually has twenty-eight days. *四年に 一度 二月には 二十九日 あります* means "There are twenty-nine days in February once in four years."
The counter *-DO* counts occurrences. *四年に 一度* states one occurrence in four years.
Every year
*二月には 毎年 二十八日 しか ありませんか* means "Are there only twenty-eight days in February every year?"
*MAI-* is a prefix meaning "every." It usually comes before a time word, as *毎年* does here.
Kanji: 毎, 度, 又
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
Kanji: 年
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 7
ほかのつきにはみんなさんじゅういちにちありますか。
Are there thirty-one days in all other months?
ほかotherのof月monthsにinはtopicみんなall三十thirty-one days一thirty-one days日thirty-one daysありare thereますare thereか。question - 8
いいえ、にがつにはにじゅうはちにちしかありません。
No, there are only twenty-eight days in February.
いいえ、no二February月Februaryにinはtopic二十twenty-eight days八twenty-eight days日twenty-eight daysしかonlyありthere are notませthere are notん。there are not - 9
にがつにはまいねんにじゅうはちにちしかありませんか。
Are there only twenty-eight days in February every year?
二February月Februaryにinはtopic毎年every year二十twenty-eight days八twenty-eight days日twenty-eight daysしかonlyありare there notませare there notんare there notか。question - 10
いいえ、よねんにいちどにがつにはにじゅうくにちあります。
No, there are twenty-nine days in February once in four years.
いいえ、no四four years年four yearsにper一once度once二February月Februaryにinはtopic二十twenty-nine days九twenty-nine days日twenty-nine daysありthere areます。there are - 11
そのとしをなんといいますか。
What’s that year called?
そのthat年yearをobject何whatとquote言いis calledますis calledか。question - 12
じゅんねんまたはうるうどしといいます。
It is called leap year.
じゅんleap year年leap year又orはorうるleap yearうleap year年leap yearとquote言いis calledます。is called
- の
- See Grammar Notes
- みんな
- all
- 二
- two
- 二十
- 20
- 八
- eight
- 毎年
- every year (See Grammar Notes)
- 年
- year (See Grammar Notes)
- を
- particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)
- と
- and (See Gram. Notes)
Saying calendar dates in order · Dialogue 3 of 4
Enough to stop an action
One speaker names dates through the fifteenth. The other says *もう 沢山 です*, "That is enough," and asks another speaker to continue.
*TAKUSAN* means "many or much." The expression *MOO TAKUSAN DESU* stops another person's action when enough has been given.
Kanji: 同
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
Kanji: 沢, 山
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 13
では、こんどはつきのはじめのひからおわりのひまでじゅんにいってごらんなさい。
Then, this time try saying from the first day of the month to the last day of the month in order.
でthenは、then今度this timeはtopic月monthのofはじめbeginningのof日dayからfromおわりendのof日dayまでtoじゅんorderにin言っsayてsayごらんtryなさい。try - 14
はい、いってみます。ついたち、ふつか、みっか、よっか、いつか、むいか、なのか、ようか、ここのか、とおか、じゅういちにち、じゅうににち、じゅうさんにち、じゅうよっか、じゅうごにち。
Yes, I'll try saying it. The first, the second, the third, the fourth, the fifth, the sixth, the seventh, the eighth, the ninth, the tenth, the eleventh, the twelfth, the thirteenth, the fourteenth, the fifteenth -----.
はい、yes言っwill try sayingてwill try sayingみwill try sayingます。will try sayingついたち、the first二the second日、the second三the third日、the third四the fourth日、the fourth五the fifth日、the fifth六the sixth日、the sixth七the seventh日、the seventh八the eighth日、the eighth九the ninth日、the ninth十the tenth日、the tenth十the eleventh一the eleventh日、the eleventh十the twelfth二the twelfth日、the twelfth十the thirteenth三the thirteenth日、the thirteenth十the fourteenth四the fourteenth日、the fourteenth十the fifteenth五the fifteenth日。the fifteenth - 15
はい、もうたくさんです。こんどはスミスさん、つづけてください。
That's enough. This time, Mr. Smith, please continue.
はい、yesもうnow沢山enoughです。is今度this timeはtopicスミスMr. Smithさん、Mr. Smithつづけplease continueてplease continueください。please continue - 16
はい、じゅうろくにち、じゅうしちにち、じゅうはちにち、じゅうくにち、はつか、にじゅういちにち、にじゅうににち、にじゅうさんにち、にじゅうよっか、にじゅうごにち、にじゅうろくにち、にじゅうしちにち、にじゅうはちにち、にじゅうくにち、さんじゅうにち、さんじゅういちにち。
Yes, the sixteenth, the seventeenth, the eighteenth, the nineteenth, the twentieth, the twenty-first, the twenty-second, the twenty-third, the twenty-fourth, the twenty-fifth, the twenty-sixth, the twenty-seventh, the twenty-eighth, the twenty-ninth, the thirtieth, the thirty-first.
はい、yes十the sixteenth六the sixteenth日、the sixteenth十the seventeenth七the seventeenth日、the seventeenth十the eighteenth八the eighteenth日、the eighteenth十the nineteenth九the nineteenth日、the nineteenth二十the twentieth日、the twentieth二十the twenty-first一the twenty-first日、the twenty-first二十the twenty-second二the twenty-second日、the twenty-second二十the twenty-third三the twenty-third日、the twenty-third二十the twenty-fourth四the twenty-fourth日、the twenty-fourth二十the twenty-fifth五the twenty-fifth日、the twenty-fifth二十the twenty-sixth六the twenty-sixth日、the twenty-sixth二十the twenty-seventh七the twenty-seventh日、the twenty-seventh二十the twenty-eighth八the twenty-eighth日、the twenty-eighth二十the twenty-ninth九the twenty-ninth日、the twenty-ninth三十the thirtieth日、the thirtieth三十the thirty-first一the thirty-first日。the thirty-first - 17
ついたちといちじつといちにちはみんないみがおなじですか。
Is the meaning the same for all: TSUITACHI, ICHIJITSU, and ICHINICHI?
ついたちfirst dayとandいちfirst dayじつとfirst dayいちone full dayにちone full dayはtopicみんなallいみmeaningがsubject同じsameですisか。question - 18
いいえ、ちがいます。
No, they are different.
いいえ、noちがいare differentます。are different
- で
- --is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
- 今度
- this time, next time
- はじめ
- beginning
- から
- from (See Gram. Notes)
- おわり
- end
- まで
- as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)
- 三
- three
- 五
- five
- 七
- seven
- もう
- already (See Gram. Notes)
- ください。
- please give me (See Gram. Notes)
- いみ
- meaning
- が
- but (See Gram. Notes)
Meanings of a whole day · Dialogue 4 of 4
One whole day
*ついたちと いちじつは 同じですが、 いちにちは れい時から 二十四時までです* distinguishes two names for the first from one whole day.
The line defines *いちにち* as the span from zero hour to 2400 hours. *朝から ばん まで* is also called *いちにち*.
- 19
どうちがいますか。
How do they differ?
どうhowちがいdifferますdifferか。question - 20
ついたちといちじつはおなじですが、いちにちはれいじからにじゅうよじまでです。
TSUITACHI and ICHIJITSU are the same, but ICHINICHI means from the zero hour to 2400 hours.
ついたちfirst dayとandいちfirst dayじつfirst dayはtopic同じsameですisが、butいちone full dayにちone full dayはtopicれいzero hour時zero hourからfrom二十twenty-four hundred hours四twenty-four hundred hours時twenty-four hundred hoursまでtoです。is - 21
またあさからばんまでをいちにちといいますね。
Again, from morning to evening is also called ICHINICHI, isn’t that right?
又also朝morningからfromばんeveningまでtoをobjectいちone full dayにちone full dayとquote言いis calledますis calledね。right? - 22
はい、そうです。
Yes, that’s right.
はい、yesそうthat's rightです。that's right
- が、
- but (See Gram. Notes)
- 時
- time
- 朝
- morning
- ばん
- evening, night
- ね。
- isn't it (See Grammar Notes)
Saying only and counting objects · Perception drill, Block 1
Only one item or amount
*私は 日本語 しか 知りません* means "I only know Japanese." *しか* directly follows the item being limited, and the predicate is negative.
X plus *しか* plus a negative means "only X" or "nothing but X." *三げん しか ありません* means "There are only three."
Subjects and objects with only
*三ば しか とんでいません* limits the subject to three birds. Here, *しか* takes the place of *が*.
*かな しか 読む ことは できません* limits the object to kana. Here, *しか* takes the place of *を*.
- 23
わたくしはにほんごしかしりません。
I only know Japanese.
私Iはtopic日本Japanese語Japaneseしかonly知りdo not knowませdo not knowん。do not know - 24
このえにはいえがなんげんありますか。
How many houses are there in this picture?
このthisえpictureにinはtopic家how many housesがsubject何how many housesげhow many housesんhow many housesありare thereますare thereか。question - 25
さんげんしかありません。
There are only three.
三three housesげんthree housesしかonlyありthere are notませthere are notん。there are not - 26
そらをとりがたくさんとんでいますか。
Are there many birds flying in the sky?
そらskyをthroughとりbirdsがsubject沢山manyとんare flyingでare flyingいare flyingますare flyingか。question - 27
いいえ、さんばしかとんでいません。
No, only three birds are flying.
いいえ、no三three birdsばthree birdsしかonlyとんare flyingでare flyingいare flyingませnot, politeん。not, polite - 28
となりのきょうしつにはせいとがいくにんぐらいいますか。
About how many students are there in the classroom next door?
となりnext doorの'sきょうしつclassroomにinはtopic生徒studentsがsubjectいくhow many people人how many peopleぐらいabout居there areますpoliteか。question - 29
さんにんしかいません。
There are only three.
三three people人three peopleしかonly居there areませnot, politeん。not, polite - 30
あなたはかなもかんじもよむことができますか。
Can you read both kana and kanji?
あなたyouはtopicかなkanaもalsoかん字kanjiもalso読むreadことactがsubjectできcanますpoliteか。question - 31
いいえ、かなしかよむことはできません。
No, I can only read kana.
いいえ、noかなkanaしかonly読むreadことactはtopicできcanませnot, politeん。not, polite
- 家
- house, home
- そら
- sky
- 人
- people
- ぐらい
- about
- かな
- Japanese syllabary
Reading to check understanding · Perception drill, Block 2
Read and see
*読んで ごらんなさい* means "Read and see." Here, *読んで* is the verb form that connects to *ごらんなさい*.
That verb form plus a form of *MIRU* means trying an action to see the result. *GORAN-NASAI* can replace *MINASAI* and is more polite.
- 32
よんでごらんなさい。
Read and see.
読んreadでreadごらんsee for yourselfなさい。see for yourself
Trying unfamiliar actions · Perception drill, Block 3
Trying different actions
*読んで みなさい* means "Try reading it." The verb form before *MIRU* expresses an attempt.
The same form works with other actions. *かぞえて ごらんなさい* means "Then try counting," and *この げたを はいてごらんなさい* means "Try putting on these wooden clogs."
- 33
よんでみなさい。
Try reading it.
読んreadingでreadingみtryなさい。try - 34
いちからじゅうまでかぞえることができますか。
Can you count from one to ten?
一oneからfrom十tenまでtoかぞえるcountことactがsubjectできcanますpoliteか。question - 35
はい、できます。
Yes, I can.
はい、yesできcanます。polite - 36
では、かぞえてごらんなさい。
Then try counting.
でthenは、thenかぞえcountingてcountingごらんtryなさい。try - 37
かんじでついたちとかいてごらんなさい。
Try writing “the first day of the month” in kanji.
かん字kanjiでinついたちfirst dayとquote書いwritingてwritingごらんtryなさい。try - 38
はい、かしこまりました。
Yes, certainly.
はい、yesかしこまりcertainlyましpoliteた。past - 39
はるににほんへいってごらんなさい。たいへんきれいですから。
Try going to Japan in the spring, because it is very beautiful.
春springにin日本Japanへtoward行っgoingてgoingごらんtryなさい。try大へんveryきれいbeautifulですisから。because - 40
そうですか。
Is that so?
そうsoですisか。question - 41
このげたをはいてごらんなさい。げたをはいてあるくことができますか。
Try putting on these wooden clogs. Can you walk in wooden clogs?
このtheseげたwooden clogsをobjectはいputting onてputting onごらんtryなさい。tryげたwooden clogsをobjectはいwearingてwearingあるくwalkことactがsubjectできcanますpoliteか。question - 42
はい、できます。
Yes, I can.
はい、yesできcanます。polite - 43
ここをよんでごらんなさい。よむことができますか。
Try reading this part. Can you read it?
ここthis partをobject読んreadingでreadingごらんtryなさい。try読むreadことactがsubjectできcanますpoliteか。question - 44
はい、できるとおもいます。
Yes, I think I can.
はい、yesできるcanとquote思いthinkます。polite
- 春
- spring
- へ
- to (See Gram. Notes)
- 大へん
- very
- げた
- wooden clogs
- ここ
- here
Time spans and date ranges · Perception drill, Block 4
A particle after a range
*大てい 十二時から 一時までが ひるはんの 時間です* means "Lunchtime is usually from twelve to one." *が* follows the complete range.
A phrase ending in a particle can take another particle. The final particle relates the whole phrase to what follows.
Ranges as objects and subjects
In *夜の 十二時から ひるの 十二時までを 午前と 言います*, *を* marks the whole time range as the object.
In *三月から 五月までが 春です*, *が* marks the range as the subject.
- 45
よるのじゅうにじからひるのじゅうにじまでをごぜんといいます。
From 12 o'clock at night till 12 o'clock noon is called a.m.
夜nightの's十twelve o'clock二twelve o'clock時twelve o'clockからfromひるnoonの's十twelve o'clock二twelve o'clock時twelve o'clockまでuntilをobject午前a.m.とquote言いcallます。polite - 46
ひるのじゅうにじからよるのじゅうにじまでをなんといいますか。
What do you call the time from twelve noon to twelve at night?
ひるnoonの's十twelve o'clock二twelve o'clock時twelve o'clockからfrom夜nightの's十twelve o'clock二twelve o'clock時twelve o'clockまでuntilをobject何whatとquote言いcallますpoliteか。question - 47
ごごといいます。
It is called p.m.
午後p.m.とquote言いcallます。polite - 48
なんじからなんじまでがひるはんのじかんですか。
From what time to what time is lunchtime?
何時what timeからfrom何what time時what timeまでuntilがsubjectひるlunchはんlunchの's時間timeですisか。question - 49
たいていじゅうにじからいちじまでがひるはんのじかんです。
Lunchtime is usually from twelve to one.
大ていusually十twelve o'clock二twelve o'clock時twelve o'clockからfrom一時one o'clockまでuntilがsubjectひるlunchはんlunchの's時間timeです。is - 50
なんがつからなんがつまでがはるですか。
From what month to what month is spring?
何what month月what monthからfrom何what month月what monthまでtoがsubject春springですisか。question - 51
さんがつからごがつまでがはるです。
Spring is from March through May.
三March月Marchからfrom五May月Mayまでthroughがsubject春springです。is - 52
なんようびからなんようびまでががっこうのひですか。
From what day to what day are school days?
何曜what weekday日what weekdayからfrom何曜what weekday日what weekdayまでtoがsubject学校schoolの's日daysですareか。question - 53
げつようびからきんようびまでがわたくしたちのがっこうへいくひです。
Monday through Friday are the days we go to school.
月曜Monday日Mondayからfrom金曜Friday日Fridayまでthroughがsubject私weたちweの's学校schoolへtoward行くgo日daysです。are - 54
いちにちというのはなんですか。
What is meant by one day?
一one day日one dayとquote言うcalledのactはtopic何whatですisか。question - 55
れいじからにじゅうよじまでがいちにちです。
The time from zero hundred hours to twenty-four hundred hours is one day.
れいzero hundred時zero hundredからfrom二十twenty-four hundred四twenty-four hundred時twenty-four hundredまでtoがsubject一日one dayです。is
- 夜
- night, evening
- 午前
- a.m., morning
- 午後
- p.m., afternoon
- 何時
- what time
- 時間
- hour, time
- 言う
- to say
- 一日
- first day of the month (See Grammar Notes)
Limiting amounts with only · Pattern 1 1 of 3
Only the named amount
*二月には 二十八日 しか ありません* means "There are only 28 days in February." The *しか* and negative pattern limits the amount to twenty-eight.
The limited item can be a duration. *二時間半しか かかりません* means that the trip takes only two and a half hours.
- 56
にがつにはにじゅうはちにちしかありません。
There are only 28 days in February.
二February月Februaryにinはtopic二十twenty-eight days八twenty-eight days日twenty-eight daysしかonlyありthere areませnot, politeん。not, polite - 57
このきょうしつにはせいとがろくにんしかいません。
There are only six students in this classroom.
このthisきょうしつclassroomにinはtopic生徒studentsがsubject六six people人six peopleしかonly居there areませnot, politeん。not, polite - 58
あのひとはこどもがひとりしかありません。
That person has only one child.
あのthat人personはtopic子供childがsubject一人one personしかonlyありhasませnot, politeん。not, polite - 59
わたくしはいえではえいごしかはなしません。
At home, I speak only English.
私Iはtopic家homeでatはtopicえい語Englishしかonlyはなしspeakませnot, politeん。not, polite - 60
ここからサンフランシスコまでしどうしゃでにじかんはんしかかかりません。
It takes only two and a half hours to get from here to San Francisco by car.
ここhereからfromサンフランシスコSan Franciscoまでtoしどうcarしゃcarでby二two-and-a-half hours時間two-and-a-half hours半two-and-a-half hoursしかonlyかかりtakesませnot, politeん。not, polite - 61
わたくしはダイアログしかべんきょうしませんでした。
I studied only the dialogue.
私Iはtopicダイアログdialogueしかonlyべんきょうstudyしdoませnot, politeんnot, politeでしwas, politeた。past - 62
にほんになんかげつぐらいいましたか。
About how many months were you in Japan?
日本Japanにin何how many monthsか月how many monthsぐらいabout居was thereましpoliteたpastか。question - 63
さんかげつしかいませんでした。
I was there for only three months.
三three monthsか月three monthsしかonly居was thereませnot, politeんnot, politeでしwas, politeた。past
- 一人
- one person
- サンフランシスコ
- San Francisco
- ダイアログ
- dialogue
- し
- city
Limiting learned skills · Pattern 1 2 of 3
Only one skill
*はなし方しか ならい ませんでした* means "I learned only how to speak." *しか* follows the one learned skill, and the verb is negative.
*少ししか おぼえて いません* means "I remember only a few." The same pattern limits a small remembered amount.
- 64
よみかたもかきかたもべんきょうしましたか
Did you study both reading and writing?
読みreading方readingもalso書きwriting方writingもalsoべんきょうstudyしdoましpoliteたpastかquestion - 65
いいえ、はなしかたしかならいませんでした。
No, I learned only how to speak.
いいえ、noはなしspeaking方speakingしかonlyならいlearnませnot, politeんnot, politeでしwas, politeた。past - 66
あなたはかんじをみんなおぼえていますか。
Do you remember all the kanji?
あなたyouはtopicかん字kanjiをobjectみんなallおぼえrememberてrememberいrememberますrememberか。question - 67
いいえ、すこししかおぼえていません。
No, I remember only a few.
いいえ、no少しa fewしかonlyおぼえrememberてrememberいrememberませnot rememberingん。not remembering - 68
わたくしがいきました。
I went.
私Iがsubject行きgoましpoliteた。past - 69
ひるはんをたべました。
I ate lunch.
ひるlunchはんlunchをobjectたべeatましpoliteた。past - 70
ともだちがきます。
A friend is coming.
ともだちfriendがsubject来comeます。polite - 71
にほんごをおしえています。
I am teaching Japanese.
日本Japanese語Japaneseをobjectおしえam teachingてam teachingいam teachingます。am teaching
- か
- either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
- 少し
- little (quantity)
- ともだち
- friend
Locations, durations and destinations · Pattern 1 3 of 3
Items that can be limited
*毎日 三時間 べんきょうします* means "I study for three hours every day." Its duration is *三時間*.
The lines supply a duration, destination, location, person, and object. Each can become the item limited by the *SHIKA* and negative pattern.
- 72
とりがきのうえをとんでいます。
A bird is flying over the tree.
とりbirdがsubject木treeの's上aboveをoverとんis flyingでis flyingいis flyingます。is flying - 73
まいにちさんじかんべんきょうします。
I study for three hours every day.
毎日every day三three hours時間three hoursべんきょうstudyしdoます。polite - 74
にほんへいきます。
I am going to Japan.
日本Japanへtoward行きgoます。polite - 75
とけいがひとつあります。
There is one watch.
とけいwatchがsubjectひとoneつoneありthere isます。polite - 76
おんなのこがひとりあります。
There is one girl.
女の子girlがsubject一人one personありthere isます。polite - 77
これはアメリカにあります。
This is in America.
これthisはtopicアメリカAmericaにinありexistます。polite
- 木
- tree, wood
- 女の子
- girl
- アメリカ
- America; U.S.A.
Trying clothes, food and writing · Pattern 2 1 of 2
Try it and see
*これを たべてごらんなさい* means "Try eating this." The reply *それを たべて みます* means "I will try eating it."
The verb ending with *ごらんなさい* invites an attempt. The same ending with *みます* states the speaker's attempt.
One more attempt
*もう 一度 書いてごらんなさい* means "Try writing it once more." The counter in *一度* counts the occurrence.
The reply *書いて みます* states that the speaker will try writing it.
- 78
A.かぞえて＿
Count and see." (Try counting)
A.prompt Aかぞえcountて＿count - 79
B.かぞえてみます。
I'll count and see." (I'll try counting.)
B.response Bかぞえcountてcountみtryます。polite - 80
これをたべてごらんなさい。
Try eating this.
これthisをobjectたべeatてeatごらんtryなさい。try - 81
それをたべてみます。
I will try eating it.
それthatをobjectたべeatてeatみtryます。polite - 82
このきものをきてごらんなさい。
Try putting on this kimono.
このthisきものkimonoをobjectきput onてput onごらんtryなさい。try - 83
はい、きてみます。
Yes, I will try it on.
はい、yesきput onてput onみtryます。polite - 84
もういちどかいてごらんなさい。
Try writing it once more.
もうmore一once more度once more書いwriteてwriteごらんtryなさい。try - 85
はい、かいてみます。
Yes, I will try writing it.
はい、yes書いwriteてwriteみtryます。polite - 86
このぼうしをかぶってごらんなさい。
Try putting on this hat.
このthisぼうしhatをobjectかぶっput onてput onごらんtryなさい。try
- きもの
- KIMONO
- き
- counter for airplanes (See Gram. Notes)
Trying tools, reading and counting · Pattern 2 2 of 2
An invitation and a response
*一から 十まで じゅんに 言ってごらんなさい* means "Try saying the numbers in order from one to ten."
The reply *言って みます* means "I will try saying them." The same pair works for reading and using a pen.
- 87
はい、かぶってみます。
Yes, I will try it on.
はい、yesかぶっput onてput onみtryます。polite - 88
このくつをはいてみなさい。
Try putting on these shoes.
このtheseくつshoesをobjectはいput onてput onみtryなさい。try - 89
はい、はいてみます。
Yes, I’ll try them on.
はい、yesはいput onてput onみtryます。polite - 90
いちからじゅうまでじゅんにいってごらんなさい。
Try saying the numbers in order from one to ten.
一oneからfrom十tenまでtoじゅんin orderにin order言っsayてsayごらんtryなさい。try - 91
はい、いってみます。
Yes, I’ll try saying them.
はい、yes言っsayてsayみtryます。polite - 92
このほんはやさしいから、よんでごらんなさい。
This book is easy, so try reading it.
このthis本bookはtopicやさしいeasyから、because読んreadでreadごらんtryなさい。try - 93
はい、よんでみます。
Yes, I’ll try reading it.
はい、yes読んreadでreadみtryます。polite - 94
このペンをつかってごらんなさい。
Try using this pen.
このthisペンpenをobjectつかっuseてuseごらんtryなさい。try - 95
はい、つかってみます。
Yes, I’ll try using it.
はい、yesつかっuseてuseみtryます。polite
- くつ
- shoes
- 本
- numerical counter for counting long slender objects (See Notes)
- やさしい
- easy
- ペン
- pen
Expressing time and season ranges · Pattern 3 1 of 2
A range as the subject
*十二時から 一時までが ひるはんの 時間です* means "From 12:00 to 1:00 is lunch time."
The range ends in *まで*. The particle *が* then marks that whole range as the subject.
A range of months
*三月から 五月の おわりまでが 春です* means "Spring is from March through the end of May."
The same structure defines a season by its first and last month.
- 96
じゅうにじからいちじまでがひるはんのじかんです。
From 12:00 to 1:00 is lunch time.
十twelve o'clock二twelve o'clock時twelve o'clockからfrom一時one o'clockまでtoがsubjectひるlunchはんlunchの's時間timeです。is - 97
れいじからじゅうにじまでがごぜんです。
The hours from zero to twelve are a.m.
れいzero hour時zero hourからfrom十twelve o'clock二twelve o'clock時twelve o'clockまでtoがsubject午前a.m.です。is - 98
じゅうにじからにじゅうよじまでがごごです。
The hours from twelve to twenty-four are p.m.
十twelve o'clock二twelve o'clock時twelve o'clockからfrom二十twenty-four hours四twenty-four hours時twenty-four hoursまでtoがsubject午後p.m.です。is - 99
じゅうにがつからにがつのおわりまでがふゆです。
Winter is from December through the end of February.
十December二December月Decemberからfrom二February月Februaryの'sおわりendまでthroughがsubject冬winterです。is - 100
さんがつからごがつのおわりまでがはるです。
Spring is from March through the end of May.
三March月Marchからfrom五May月Mayの'sおわりendまでthroughがsubject春springです。is - 101
にほんはなんがつからなんがつまでがいちばんさむいですか。
From what month to what month is it coldest in Japan?
日本Japanはtopic何what month月what monthからfrom何what month月what monthまでtoがsubject一番mostさむいcoldですisか。question
- 冬
- winter
- 一番
- number one (See Grammar Notes)
- さむい
- cold
Date and summer ranges · Pattern 3 2 of 2
A season as a range
*夏は 六月から 八月までです* means "Summer is from June through August." The range starts with *から* and ends with *まで*.
A range that describes a noun
*一日から 十日までの しんぶんです* means "It is a newspaper covering the first through the tenth."
The particle *の* follows the complete date range and makes it describe *しんぶん*.
- 102
いちがつのはじめからにがつのおわりまでがいちばんさむいです。
It is coldest from the beginning of January through the end of February.
一January月Januaryの'sはじめbeginningからfrom二February月Februaryの'sおわりendまでthroughがsubject一番mostさむいcoldです。is - 103
なつはなんがつからなんがつまでですか。
From what month to what month is summer?
夏summerはtopic何what month月what monthからfrom何what month月what monthまでtoですisか。question - 104
なつはろくがつからはちがつまでです。
Summer is from June through August.
夏summerはtopic六June月Juneからfrom八August月Augustまでthroughです。is - 105
これはなんにちからなんにちまでのしんぶんですか。
This newspaper covers what dates?
これthisはtopic何what date日what dateからfrom何what date日what dateまでtoのofしんぶんnewspaperですisか。question - 106
ついたちからとおかまでのしんぶんです。
It is a newspaper covering the first through the tenth.
一the first日the firstからfrom十the tenth日the tenthまでthroughのofしんぶんnewspaperです。is
- 夏
- summer
Months and February's length · Reading Selection 1 of 4
The months of a year
The passage begins with *一年には 十二か月 あります*, "There are twelve months in a year." It identifies January as the first and December as the last.
A month has thirty or thirty-one days. *二月には 大てい 二十八日しか ありません* limits February to twenty-eight days in most years.
- 107
いちねんにはじゅうにかげつあります。
There are twelve months in a year.
一one year年one yearにinはtopic十twelve二twelveか月monthsありexistます。polite - 108
さいしょの
The first
さいしょfirstのof - 109
つきはいちがつまたはしょうがつといいます。
month is called January or New Year’s month.
月monthはtopic一January月January又orはorしょうNew Year's month月New Year's monthとquote言いcallます。polite - 110
さいごのつきは
The last month is
さい後lastのof月monthはtopic - 111
じゅうにがつです。
December.
十December二December月Decemberです。is - 112
いっかげつにはさんじゅうにちかさんじゅういちにちあります。
A month has thirty or thirty-one days.
一oneか月monthにinはtopic三十thirty日daysかor三十thirty-one一thirty-one日daysありexistます。polite - 113
にがつにはたいていにじゅうはちにちしかありません。
February usually has only twenty-eight days.
二February月Februaryにinはtopic大ていusually二十twenty-eight八twenty-eight日daysしかonlyありexistませnotん。not
- さいしょ
- first
- さい後
- last
Leap years and first dates · Reading Selection 2 of 4
Once every four years
Together, *四年に* and *一度ずつ 二十九日 あります* say that February has twenty-nine days once every four years.
The counter *-DO* in *一度ずつ* counts that occurrence.
Such a year is called *じゅん年* or *うるう年*.
The first of the month
*ついたち 又は いちじつと 言います* names the first day of a month in two ways. Both forms name the calendar date.
- 114
けれども、よねんに
However, once every four years
けれどhoweverも、however四four years年four yearsにevery - 115
いちどずつにじゅうくにちあります。
it has twenty-nine days.
一once度onceずつeach二十twenty-nine九twenty-nine日daysありexistます。polite - 116
このとしをじゅんねん
This kind of year is called an intercalary year
このthis年yearをobjectじゅんintercalary year年intercalary year - 117
またはうるうどしといいます。
or a leap year.
又orはorうるう年leap yearとquote言いcallます。polite - 118
いっかげつのさいしょのひは
The first day of a month
一oneか月monthのofさいしょfirstのof日dayはtopic - 119
ついたちまたはいちじつといいます。
is called the first or the first day.
ついたちthe first又orはorいちfirst dayじつfirst dayとquote言いcallます。polite - 120
ふつかからとおか
The names of the days from the second through the tenth
二the second日the secondからfrom十the tenth日the tenth
- ずつ
- each (See Gram. Notes)
- うるう年
- leap year
Dates across nearby weeks · Reading Selection 3 of 4
Dates across nearby weeks
The passage places irregular calendar dates in nearby weeks. *今週の 水曜日は 六日です* means "Wednesday of this week is the sixth."
The date *六日* is read *MUIKA*. *先週の 金曜日は 一日で、 土曜日は 二日でした* gives the first and second as dates in last week.
Kanji: 週
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 121
までのひのなまえはすこしむずかしいです。
are a little difficult.
までthroughのof日daysの'sなまえnamesはtopic少しa littleむずかしいdifficultです。is - 122
はつかは
For the twentieth
二十the twentieth日the twentiethはtopic - 123
ほかのよみかたがありません。
there is no other reading.
ほかotherのof読みreading方readingがsubjectありexistませnotん。not - 124
こんしゅうのすいようびはむいかです。
Wednesday of this week is the sixth.
今週this weekの's水曜Wednesday日Wednesdayはtopic六the sixth日the sixthです。is - 125
にちようびはみっかでした。
Sunday was the third.
日曜Sunday日Sundayはtopic三the third日the thirdでしwasた。past - 126
せんしゅうのきんようびはついたちで、どようびはふつかでした。
Friday of last week was the first, and Saturday was the second.
先週last weekの's金曜Friday日Fridayはtopic一日the firstで、is, and土曜Saturday日Saturdayはtopic二the second日the secondでしwasた。past - 127
らいしゅうの
Thursday of next week
来週next weekのof
- なまえ
- name
- むずかしい
- difficult
- 今週
- this week
- 先週
- last week
- で、
- --is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
- 来週
- next week
Weekdays and school attendance · Reading Selection 4 of 4
Only five school days
*私たちは 月曜日から 金曜日まで、 一週間に 五日 しか 学校に 行きません* means "We go to school only five days a week, from Monday through Friday."
The weekday range identifies the school days. *五日 しか* with the negative verb limits attendance to five days.
- 128
もくようびはじゅうよっかで、さらいしゅうのかようびはじゅうくにちです。
is the fourteenth, and Tuesday of the week after next is the nineteenth.
木曜Thursday日Thursdayはtopic十fourteenth四fourteenth日fourteenthで、andさweek after next来週week after nextのof火曜Tuesday日Tuesdayはtopic十nineteenth九nineteenth日nineteenthです。is - 129
わたくしたちはげつようびからきんようびまで、いっしゅうかんにいつか
We go to school only five days a week, from Monday through Friday.
私weたちweはtopic月曜Monday日Mondayからfrom金曜Friday日Fridayまで、through一one week週間one weekにper五five days日five days - 130
しかがっこうにいきません。
We do not go on any other days.
しかonly学校schoolにto行きgoませnot, politeん。not, polite - 131
どようびとにちようびはがっこうに
On Saturday and Sunday, we do not go to school.
土曜Saturday日Saturdayとand日曜Sunday日Sundayはtopic学校schoolにto
- まで、
- as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)
Asking about months and leap years · Questions 1 of 2
Months and leap years
The questions ask about the number and names of months, their lengths, and leap years.
*毎年 二月には 二十八日 しか ありませんか* asks whether February has only twenty-eight days every year. An answer states that it has twenty-nine once every four years.
- 132
いきません。
We do not go.
行きgoませnot, politeん。not, polite - 133
いちねんにはなんかげつありますか。
How many months are there in a year?
一one year年one yearにinはtopic何how many monthsか月how many monthsありthere areますpoliteか。question - 134
いちねんのさいしょのつきはなんといいますか。
What is the first month of the year called?
一one year年one yearのofさいしょfirstのof月monthはtopic何whatとquote言いcallますpoliteか。question - 135
いっかげつにはなんにちありますか。
How many days are there in a month?
一one monthか月one monthにinはtopic何how many days日how many daysありthere areますpoliteか。question - 136
にがつにはたいていなんにちありますか。
How many days are there usually in February?
二February月Februaryにinはtopic大ていusually何how many days日how many daysありthere areますpoliteか。question - 137
まいとしにがつにはにじゅうはちにちしかありませんか。
Does February have only twenty-eight days every year?
毎年every year二February月Februaryにinはtopic二十twenty-eight days八twenty-eight days日twenty-eight daysしかonlyありthere areませnot, politeんnot, politeか。question - 138
にがつににじゅうくにちあるとしをなんといいますか。
What do you call a year in which February has twenty-nine days?
二February月Februaryにin二十twenty-nine days九twenty-nine days日twenty-nine daysあるhas年yearをobject何whatとquote言いcallますpoliteか。question
- ある
- certain, some
Asking about dates and weeks · Questions 2 of 2
Dates and weeks
The questions ask about calendar-date names, the order of weekdays, and relative weeks.
*毎週 何日 学校に 行きますか* asks "How many days do you go to school each week?" An answer gives the number of school days.
- 139
ついたちからとおかまでのひのなまえはむずかしいですか。
Are the names of the days from the first through the tenth difficult?
一first日firstからfrom十tenth日tenthまでthroughのof日daysのofなnames前namesはtopicむずかしいdifficultですisか。question - 140
すいようびはもくようびのまえですか、あとですか。
Is Wednesday before or after Thursday?
水曜Wednesday日Wednesdayはtopic木曜Thursday日Thursdayのof前beforeですisか、questionあとafterですisか。question - 141
いっしゅうかんにはなんにちありますか。
How many days are there in a week?
一one week週間one weekにinはtopic何how many days日how many daysありthere areますpoliteか。question - 142
らいしゅうのつぎのしゅうをなんといいますか。
What do you call the week after next week?
来週next weekのofつぎnextのof週weekをobject何whatとquote言いcallますpoliteか。question - 143
せんせんしゅうというのはいつですか。
When is the week before last?
先々week before last週week before lastとquote言うcalledのthe phraseはtopicいつwhenですisか。question - 144
まいしゅうなんにちがっこうにいきますか。
How many days do you go to school each week?
毎週each week何how many days日how many days学校schoolにto行きgoますpoliteか。question - 145
どようとにちようにはなぜがっこうへいきませんか。
Why don’t you go to school on Saturday and Sunday?
土曜Saturdayとand日曜Sundayにonはtopicなぜwhy学校schoolへtoward行きgoませnot, politeんnot, politeか。question
- 前
- before, front
- つぎ
- next
- いつ
- when?
- なぜ
- why?
Leap years and early dates · Word list 1 of 4
Leap years and early dates
The words cover leap years, beginnings, endings, and early calendar dates. *じゅん年* and *うるう年* both mean "leap year."
*一日* can name the first day of the month or one whole day. *二日* means "the second day of the month" or "two days."
- 146
まいとし
every year (See Grammar Notes)
毎年every year - 147
じゅんねん
leap year
じゅん年leap year - 148
うるうどし
leap year
うるう年leap year - 149
はじめ
beginning
はじめbeginning - 150
おわり
end
おわりend - 151
ついたち
first day of the month (See Grammar Notes)
一日first of month - 152
いちにち
one day (See Grammar Notes)
一日one day - 153
ふつか
second day of the month, 2 days
二日second / two days - 154
みっか
third day of the month, 3 days
三日third / three days - 155
よっか
fourth day of the month, 4 days
四日fourth / four days - 156
いつか
fifth day of the month, 5 days
五日fifth / five days
- じゅん年
- leap year
- 二日
- second day of the month, 2 days
- 三日
- third day of the month, 3 days
- 四日
- fourth day of the month, 4 days
- 五日
- fifth day of the month, 5 days
Later dates and their names · Word list 2 of 4
Later dates and time
The words include later irregular dates. *十四日* means "the fourteenth day of the month" or "fourteen days," and *二十日* gives the twentieth or twenty days.
*今度* means "this time" or "next time." Context distinguishes the meanings.
- 157
むいか
sixth day of the month, 6 days
六日sixth / six days - 158
なのか
seventh day of the month, 7 days
七日seventh / seven days - 159
ようか
eighth day of the month, 8 days
八日eighth / eight days - 160
ここのか
ninth day of the month, 9 days
九日ninth / nine days - 161
とおか
tenth day of the month, 10 days
十日tenth / ten days - 162
じゅうよっか
fourteenth day of the month, 14 days
十四日fourteenth / fourteen days - 163
はつか
twentieth day of the month, 20 days
二十日twentieth / twenty days - 164
にじゅうよっか
twenty-fourth day of the month, 24 days
二十四日twenty-fourth / twenty-four days - 165
こんど
this time, next time
今度this or next time - 166
いみ
meaning
いみmeaning - 167
れいじ
zero hour
れい時zero hour
- 六日
- sixth day of the month, 6 days
- 七日
- seventh day of the month, 7 days
- 八日
- eighth day of the month, 8 days
- 九日
- ninth day of the month, 9 days
- 十日
- tenth day of the month, 10 days
- 十四日
- fourteenth day of the month, 14 days
- 二十日
- twentieth day of the month, 20 days
- 二十四日
- twenty-fourth day of the month, 24 days
- れい時
- zero hour
Calendar weeks and dates · Word list 3 of 4
Weeks, dates, and only
The list includes *今週*, "this week," *さ来週*, "week after next," and *先々週*, "the week before last."
*何日* asks "what date" or "how many days." *しか--ません* expresses "only" with a negative.
- 168
にじゅうよじ
2400 hours
二十四時2400 hours - 169
カレンダー
calendar
カレンダーcalendar - 170
こんしゅう
this week
今週this week - 171
らいしゅう
next week
来週next week - 172
さらいしゅう
week after next
さ来週week after next - 173
せんしゅう
last week
先週last week - 174
せんせんしゅう
the week before last
先々週week before last - 175
つづける
to continue (v.t.)
つづけるcontinue - 176
ちがう
to be wrong, to be different (v.i.)
ちがうbe wrong or different - 177
なんにち
how many days? what date?
何日how many days - 178
しか--ません
only (See Gram. Notes)
しか--ませんonly
- 二十四時
- 2400 hours
- カレンダー
- calendar
- さ来週
- week after next
- 先々週
- the week before last
- つづける
- to continue (v.t.)
- ちがう
- to be wrong, to be different (v.i.)
- 何日
- how many days? what date?
- しか--ません
- only (See Gram. Notes)
Reading dates from a calendar · Word list 4 of 4
Dates on a calendar
The lines place irregular dates in nearby weeks. *来週の 水曜日は 二十日です* means "Wednesday next week is the twentieth."
*さ来週の 日曜日は 二十四日です* means "Sunday the week from next is the twenty-fourth."
*言ってごらんなさい* and *言ってみなさい* both mean "Say it and see." They use the form for trying an action.
*もう沢山です* means "That is enough." It stops the action after enough dates have been said.
- 179
じゅんに
in sequence, in order
じゅんにin order - 180
いってごらんなさい
Say it and see. (See Grammar Notes)
言ってごらんなさいtry saying it - 181
いってみなさい
Say it and see.
言ってみなさいtry saying it - 182
もうたくさんです
That's enough.
もう沢山ですthat's enough - 183
カレンダーをごらんなさい。
Take a look at the calendar.
カレンダーをごらんなさい。look at the calendar - 184
きょうはじゅうさんにちです。
Today is the thirteenth.
今日は十三日です。today is the thirteenth - 185
せんしゅうのきんようびはようかでした。
Friday last week was the eighth.
先週の金曜日は八日でした。last Friday was eighth - 186
せんせんしゅうのどようびはふつかでした。
Saturday the week before last was the second.
先々週の土曜日は二日でした。Saturday was the second - 187
らいしゅうのすいようびははつかです。
Wednesday next week is the twentieth.
来週の水曜日は二十日です。next Wednesday is twentieth - 188
さらいしゅうのにちようびはにじゅうよっかです。
Sunday the week from next is the twenty-fourth.
さ来週の日曜日は二十四日です。following Sunday is twenty-fourth - 189
こんしゅうのにちようびはとおかでした。
Sunday this week was the tenth.
今週の日曜日は十日でした。this Sunday was tenth
- じゅんに
- in sequence, in order
- 言ってごらんなさい
- say please, see if you can say
- 言ってみなさい
- Say it and see.
- もう沢山です
- That's enough.
- カレンダーをごらんなさい。
- "Take a look at the calendar."
- 今日は十三日です。
- "Today is the thirteenth."
- 先週の金曜日は八日でした。
- "Friday last week was the eighth."
- 先々週の土曜日は二日でした。
- "Saturday the week before last was the second."
- 来週の水曜日は二十日です。
- "Wednesday next week is the twentieth."
- さ来週の日曜日は二十四日です。
- "Sunday the week from next is the twenty-fourth."
- 今週の日曜日は十日でした。
- "Sunday this week was the tenth."
The particulars
- The course
- Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours.
- Reading aloud
- Digital narration, directed by 1732 Studios.
- The book
- Botchan, the work this course leads to, free to read here.
- Data
- JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents