Japanese · Lesson 35
Lesson 35
Kanji and everyday Japanese
Shopping for birthday gifts · Dialogue 1 of 4
Shopping for their wives
*ええ、家内に うで時計を 買ってやりたいと 思っています* means "Yes. I am hoping to buy a wrist watch for my wife."
The other man is also looking for a birthday gift. They decide to shop together.
What their plans express
In *何か 買ってやりたいと 思って*, the speaker hopes to buy something for his wife.
In *見て 歩いているのです*, he is going from place to place and looking.
*今日は 買物ですか* asks whether the other man is shopping today.
Kanji: 内, 計, 店
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
Kanji: 時
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 1
「かいもの」
Shopping
「買物」Shopping - 2
やあ、やまもとさん、きょうはかいものですか。
Hello, Mr. Yamamoto, are you shopping today?
やあ、hello山本Yamamotoさん、Mr.今日todayはtopic買物shoppingですisか。question - 3
ええ、かないにうでどけいをかってやりたいとおもっています。
Yes. I am hoping to buy a wrist watch for my wife.
ええ、yes家内my wifeにtoうwristwatchでwristwatch時計wristwatchをobject買っbuyてbuyやりfor herたいwant toとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいam thinkingます。am thinking - 4
そうですか。わたくしもかないのたんじょうびに、なにかかってやりたいとおもって、みてあるいているのです。
Is that right? I am hoping to buy my wife something on her birthday, too, so I am walking around, looking.
そうthat wayですisか。question私Iもalso家内my wifeの'sたんじょうbirthday日birthdayに、on何somethingかsomething買っbuyてbuyやりfor herたいwant toとquote思っthinkingて、thinking見lookingてlooking歩いwalking aroundてwalking aroundいるwalking aroundのthe factです。is - 5
では、いっしょにいきましょうか。
Then, shall we go together?
でthenは、then一しょtogetherにtogether行きgoましょうshall weか。question - 6
ええ、そうしましょう。あなたはどのみせへいくのですか。
Yes, let's do that. What store are you going to?
ええ、yesそうthatしdoましょう。let'sあなたyouはtopicどのwhich店storeへtoward行くgoingのthe factですisか。question
Place Noun or Action Noun plus DESU:
If DESU is preceded by a place noun, like GAKKOO or UCHI, the combination may signify equivalence or it may describe the location of something or someone. Accordingly, DOKO DESU KA, depending on context, means either "What place is it?" or "Where is it?"
E.g., GAKKOO DESU may mean: "-- is a school" or "-- is in school."
If DESU is preceded by an action noun of Chinese origin, like UNDOO, BENKYOO, SANPO, etc., it means progressive action, i. e., "-- is doing something."
E.g., WATAKUSHI WA BENKYOO DESU. "I am studying."
ANATA WA IMA SANPO DESU KA? "Are you strolling just now?"
Verbs of Chinese origin take GO or O for an honorific. They express the idea of "One is going to ---" or "One is going to do ---."
I'll get the book for Mr. Yamamoto.TE-form + YARU, TE-form + AGERU:
The verbs YARU 'to give' (to an inferior) and AGERU 'to give' (to an equal or superior) are very often used after the TE-form of a verb to convey the idea of 'for the benefit, good, advantage, use, or enjoyment of the recipient.' If the recipient is a superior or an equal, AGERU is used. The recipient is indicated by the particle NI.
WATAKUSHI WA ROBINSU TAISA NI JIBIKI O KATTE AGEMASHITA. "I bought a dictionary for Colonel Robbins."
WATAKUSHI WA KODOMO NI KUTSU O KATTE YARIMASHITA. "I bought shoes for my child."
In both of the above cases and in similar situations where goods change hand from procurer to recipient, the post-verbs AGERU or YARU should not be omitted. The same applies to verbs expressing abstract intangible action:
WATAKUSHI WA ROBINSU TAISA NI KANJI O OSHIETE AGEMASHITA. "I taught Colonel Robbins Kanji."
AGERU or YARU may have an independent meaning, in which case the preceding TE-form verb is in conjunctive use. Thus,
YAMAMOTO SAN NI SONO HON O MORATTE AGEMASHOO
can be interpreted in two ways:
I'll get the book from Mr. Yamamoto and give it to you.
Only the situation will clarify the meaning.TE-form + MORAU
The verb MORAU, meaning 'to receive,' is another very common post-verb. It indicates that the subject received goods or a favor from someone.
MORAU often means or means essentially 'to receive because a request was made for something.' This is especially true when it is used after a TE-form of verb. The subject then requests a certain action for its own benefit and the benefactor is caused to act. The benefactor is indicated by the particle NI.
WATAKUSHI WA AKIYAMA-SAN NI HON O KATTE MORAIMASHITA. "I had Mr. Akiyama buy a book for me."
In this sentence, if "I" were a book salesman, the translation would (or might) be: "I had Mr. Akiyama buy a book from me as a favor to me." The exact meaning depends on the situation.TE-form of verbs + ARUKU
The verb ARUKU is very commonly used after the TE-form of the verb and gives an idea of going from place to place, performing the acts indicated by the verb in the TE-form.
MITE ARUKU 'to go from place to place, seeing'
HATARAITE ARUKU 'to go around from place to place working'--TAI TO OMOU
TO OMOU is added to a pattern to indicate that one hopes to do something.
Examples:
NIPPONGO O BENKYOO SHITAI TO OMOIMASU. "I hope to study Japanese."
NIHON E IKITAI TO OMOTTE IMASU. "I am hoping to go to Japan."KOCHIRA or KOTCHI, SOCHIRA or SOTCHI, ACHIRA or ATCHI, DOCHIRA or DOTCHI are used as pronouns standing for animate beings, inanimate things, or locations. They may be used as adjectives if the particle NO is added. DOCHIRA or DOTCHI means 'which one of the two.'- 「買物」
- shopping
- 今日
- today
- は
- leaves
- です
- to be (See Gram. Notes)
- か。
- either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
- ええ、
- Yes
- に
- on (See Gram. Notes)
- で
- --is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
- を
- particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)
- と
- and (See Gram. Notes)
- ます。
- trout
- の
- See Grammar Notes
- いる
- to need (See Gram. Notes)
- ましょう
- let's (See Gram. Notes)
- し
- city
- どの
- which (pre-substantive) (See Notes)
- 店
- store, shop
- へ
- to (See Gram. Notes)
Taking public transport downtown · Dialogue 2 of 4
Getting off on this side
*こちらがわの ていりゅうじょで 大ぜいの人が 電車を 降りていますね* means "Many people are getting off the streetcar at the car stop on this side, aren't there?"
The men are near *こちらがわ*, "this side." They then cross to *むこうがわ*, "the other side."
The side near the speaker
In *こちらがわ*, *こちら* identifies the side near the speaker.
*こちら* can stand for a person, thing, or location.
Kanji: 電, 市
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
Kanji: 心, 中, 車, 降
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 7
あのこうさてんのところにあるとけいてんにいってみたいとおもっています。
I am thinking of going to the watch store by that intersection.
あのthatこうさintersectionてんintersectionのof所placeにatあるlocated時計watch store店watch storeにto行っgoてgoみtryたいwant toとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいam thinkingます。am thinking - 8
きょうはずいぶんひとがおおいですね。
It is very crowded today, isn't it?
今日todayはtopicずい分very人peopleがsubject多いmanyですisね。right? - 9
あしたがやすみだからでしょう。
It's probably because tomorrow is a holiday.
明日tomorrowがsubject休holidayだisからbecauseでしょう。probably - 10
こちらがわのていりゅうじょでおおぜいのひとがでんしゃをおりていますね。
Many people are getting off the streetcar at the car stop on this side, aren't there?
こちらthis sideがわthis sideのofていりゅうcar stopじょcar stopでat大ぜいmanyのof人peopleがsubject電車streetcarをobject降りare getting offてare getting offいare getting offますare getting offね。right? - 11
ええ、ここはしのしょうぎょうのちゅうしんちですから、でんしゃにのってくるひとがおおいのです。
Yes, there are many people that come here by riding streetcars, because this is the center of commerce of the city.
ええ、yesここhereはtopic市cityの'sしょうcommerceぎょうcommerceのof中心centerちcenterですisから、because電車streetcarにbyのっrideてride来るcome人peopleがsubject多いmanyのthatです。is - 12
さあ、むこうがわへわたりましょう。
Well, let's walk across to the other side.
さあ、wellむこうがわother sideへtowardわたりcrossましょう。let's
- 所
- address, place
- ある
- certain, some
- ずい分
- very much
- 人
- people
- が
- but (See Gram. Notes)
- ね。
- isn't it (See Grammar Notes)
- 明日
- tomorrow
- だ
- to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)
- から
- from (See Gram. Notes)
- でしょう。
- probably (See Gram. Notes)
- こちら
- this, here (See Gram. Notes)
- 大ぜい
- crowd (of people)
- 電車
- streetcar, electric train
- ここ
- here
- さあ、
- well, now, here, come
- ましょう。
- let's (See Gram. Notes)
Crossing a busy street · Dialogue 3 of 4
Across the street and into the store
*この 通りは 電車、 バス、 トラック、 車などが 多いから、 あぶないですよ* means "It's dangerous because there are many streetcars, buses, trucks, and other vehicles on this street."
The men cross carefully and enter a store. *どんな 時計でも 売っています* says that it sells all kinds of watches.
Kanji: 通, 売
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 13
このとおりはでんしゃ、バス、トラック、くるまなどがおおいから、あぶないですよ。
It's dangerous because there are many streetcars, buses, trucks, and other vehicles on this street.
このthis通りstreetはtopic電車、streetcarsバス、busesトラック、trucks車carsなどand othersがsubject多いmanyから、becauseあぶないdangerousですisよ。I tell you - 14
きをつけなければなりませんね。
One must be careful, mustn't he?
気careをobjectつけtakeなけれnotばifなりdoませnot, politeんnot, politeね。right? - 15
みせにきました。さあ、はいりましょう。
We came to the store. Let's go in.
店storeにto来comeましdid, politeた。did, politeさあ、wellはいりenterましょう。let's - 16
(みせにはいる)
(They enter the store.)
(店storeにintoはいる)enter - 17
このみせではいろいろのとけいをうっていますね。
They sell various watches at this store, don't they?
このthis店storeでatはtopicいろいろvariousのof時計watchesをobject売っsellてsellいsellますsellね。right? - 18
ええ、どんなとけいでもうっています。
Yes, they sell all kinds of watches.
ええ、yesどんなany kind時計watchesでanyもany売っsellてsellいsellます。sell
- 通り
- street
- 電車、
- streetcar, electric train
- バス、
- bus
- トラック、
- truck
- 車
- vehicle, car
- など
- and so forth, etc.
- から、
- from (See Gram. Notes)
- あぶない
- dangerous (I-adj.)
- はいる)
- to enter, to go in
- ます
- trout
- どんな
- what kind of; what sort of
Choosing a watch and dress · Dialogue 4 of 4
This watch and that watch
*そちらのは こちらのより 少し 大きいですね* means "That one is a little bigger than this one, isn't it?"
The *そちら* and *こちら* forms identify the watch near the listener and the watch near the speaker.
One man chooses the smaller watch. The other hopes to buy a dress or another gift.
- 19
そちらのはこちらのよりすこしおおきいですね。
That one is a little bigger than this one, isn't it?
そちらthatのoneはtopicこちらthisのoneよりthan少しa little大きいbigですisね。right? - 20
おんなのかたにはちいさいほうがよいとおもいますが、あなたはどうおもいますか。
I think the smaller one is better for women, but what do you think?
女womenのof方peopleにforはtopic小さいsmall方oneがsubjectよいgoodとquote思いthinkますpoliteが、butあなたyouはtopicどうhow思いthinkますpoliteか。question - 21
ええ、わたくしもそうおもいますが、まあ、すきずきでしょうね。
Yes, I think so, too, but --- well, it's up to one's liking, I guess.
ええ、yes私Iもalsoそうso思いthinkますpoliteが、butまあ、well好き好きpersonal tasteでしょうprobablyね。right? - 22
そうですね。では、こちらのちいさいのをかいましょう。あなたはおくさんになにをかってあげるのですか。
I suppose that's right. I think I'll buy this smaller one, then. Are you going to buy something for your wife?
そうsoですisね。rightでthenは、thenこちらthisのone小さいsmallのoneをobject買いbuyましょう。let'sあなたyouはtopicおくwifeさんwifeにfor何whatをobject買っbuyてbuy上げるfor herのthatですisか。question - 23
わたくしはドレスかなにかかってやりたいとおもっています。
I am thinking of buying a dress or something.
私Iはtopicドレスdressかor何somethingかsomething買っbuyてbuyやりfor herたいwant toとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいam thinkingます。am thinking - 24
そうですか。では、デパートへいきましょうか。
Is that right? Shall we go to a department store, then?
そうsoですisか。questionでthenは、thenデパートdepartment storeへtoward行きgoましょうshall weか。question
- そちら
- that, there
- より
- than (See Gram. Notes)
- 少し
- little (quantity)
- 女
- female
- よい
- good (See Gram. Notes)
- 好き好き
- one's taste, one's own liking
- でしょう
- probably (See Gram. Notes)
- 上げる
- to give (to a superior) (v.t.)
- ドレス
- dress
Naming today's activities · Perception drill, Block 1
Shopping today
*私は 今日は 買物です* means "I am shopping today." An action noun before *です* says that the action is in progress.
*私は 今日は べんきょうです* therefore means "I am studying today."
At school
*お子さんは 学校ですか* means "Are your children at school?" A place noun before *です* can state where someone or something is.
A place noun with *です* can also identify what something is. The situation supplies the intended meaning.
- 25
わたくしはきょうはかいものです。
I am shopping today.
私Iはtopic今日todayはtopic買物shoppingです。is - 26
わたくしはきょうはべんきょうです。
I am studying today.
私Iはtopic今日todayはtopicべんきょうstudyingです。is - 27
あなたはきょううんどうですか。
Are you exercising today?
あなたyouはtopic今日todayうんexercise動exerciseですisか。question - 28
おくさんはさんぽですか。
Is your wife going for a walk?
おくwifeさんwifeはtopicさんぽwalkingですisか。question - 29
きょうはしごとですか。
Are you working today?
今日todayはtopicしworkごとworkですisか。question - 30
おこさんはがっこうですか。
Are your children at school?
おchildren子childrenさんchildrenはtopic学校schoolですisか。question - 31
あなたはきょういえですか。
Are you at home today?
あなたyouはtopic今日today家homeですisか。question
- 買物
- shopping
- です。
- to be (See Gram. Notes)
- さんぽ
- strolling
- 家
- house, home
Doing things for others · Perception drill, Block 2
A hat for a child
*私は 子供に ぼうしを 買ってやりました* means "I bought a hat for my child."
After a TE-form, *やる* says that the act benefits a person of lower standing. The recipient takes *に*.
A pen for a teacher
*私は 先生に ペンを 買って上げました* means "I bought a pen for my teacher."
After a TE-form, *上げる* says that the act benefits an equal or superior. Goods that change hands keep *やる* or *上げる*.
- 32
わたくしはこどもにぼうしをかってやりました。
I bought a hat for my child.
私Iはtopic子供childにforぼうしhatをobject買っbuyてbuyやりfor themましdid, politeた。did, polite - 33
わたくしはせんせいにペンをかってあげました。
I bought a pen for my teacher.
私Iはtopic先生teacherにforペンpenをobject買っbuyてbuy上げfor themましdid, politeた。did, polite - 34
わたくしはスミスにじしょをおくってやりました。
I sent Smith a dictionary.
私IはtopicスミスSmithにtoじdictionary書dictionaryをobject送っsendてsendやりfor himましdid, politeた。did, polite - 35
かないにとけいをかってやりました。
I bought my wife a watch.
家内my wifeにfor時計watchをobject買っbuyてbuyやりfor herましdid, politeた。did, polite - 36
こどもにくるまをかってやりました。
I bought my child a car.
子供childにfor車carをobject買っbuyてbuyやりfor themましdid, politeた。did, polite - 37
このえをせんせいにみせてあげます。
I will show this picture to the teacher.
このthisえpictureをobject先生teacherにto見せshowてshow上げfor themます。polite - 38
おくさんにドレスをかってあげましたか。
Did you buy your wife a dress?
おくwifeさんwifeにforドレスdressをobject買っbuyてbuy上げfor herましdid, politeたdid, politeか。question - 39
あなたににほんごをおしえてあげます。
I will teach you Japanese.
あなたyouにto日本Japanese語Japaneseをobjectおしえteachてteachあげfor youます。polite - 40
あなたはおくさんになにかかってあげましたか。
Did you buy your wife anything?
あなたyouはtopicおくwifeさんwifeにfor何somethingかsomething買っbuyてbuy上げfor herましdid, politeたdid, politeか。question - 41
ええ、かないにあたらしいドレスをかってやりました。
Yes, I bought my wife a new dress.
ええ、yes家内my wifeにfor新しいnewドレスdressをobject買っbuyてbuyやりfor herましdid, politeた。did, polite - 42
これをたなかさんにみせてあげましたか。
Did you show this to Mr. Tanaka?
これthisをobject田中TanakaさんMr.にto見せshowてshow上げfor himましdid, politeたdid, politeか。question - 43
ええ、みせてやりました。
Yes, I showed it to him.
ええ、yes見せshowてshowやりfor himましdid, politeた。did, polite
- ペン
- pen
- じ
- character, word
Having others do things · Perception drill, Block 3
A favor received
*私は 先生に かん字を 書いてもらいました* means "I had a teacher write KANJI for me."
After a TE-form, *もらいました* says that the subject requested and received another person's action. The person acting takes *に*.
*私は 友だちに じ書を 買ってもらいました* means "I had a friend buy a dictionary for me."
- 44
わたくしはせんせいにかんじをかいてもらいました。
I had a teacher write KANJI for me.
私Iはtopic先生teacherにbyかん字kanjiをobject書いwriteてwriteもらいfor meましdid, politeた。did, polite - 45
わたくしはともだちにえをかいてもらいました。
I had a friend draw a picture for me.
私Iはtopic友だちfriendにbyえpictureをobject書いdrawてdrawもらいfor meましdid, politeた。did, polite - 46
わたくしはたなかさんにてがみをよんでもらいました。
I had Mr. Tanaka read the letter for me.
私Iはtopic田中TanakaさんMr.にby手紙letterをobject読んreadでreadもらいfor meましdid, politeた。did, polite - 47
わたくしはともだちにじしょをかってもらいました。
I had a friend buy a dictionary for me.
私Iはtopic友だちfriendにbyじdictionary書dictionaryをobject買っbuyてbuyもらいfor meましdid, politeた。did, polite - 48
わたくしはせんせいにおしえてもらいました。
I had the teacher teach me.
私Iはtopic先生teacherにbyおしえteachてteachもらいfor meましdid, politeた。did, polite - 49
わたくしはこどもにこれをこしらえてもらいました。
I had my child make this for me.
私Iはtopic子供childにbyこれthisをobjectこしらえmakeてmakeもらいfor meましdid, politeた。did, polite - 50
わたくしはスミスさんにこのとけいをなおしてもらいました。
I had Mr. Smith repair this watch for me.
私IはtopicスミスSmithさんMr.にbyこのthis時計watchをobjectなおしrepairてrepairもらいfor meましdid, politeた。did, polite
- 手紙
- letter (correspondence)
Going around doing things · Perception drill, Block 4
Looking from place to place
*見て 歩きましょう* means "Let's go from place to place,seeing."
After a TE-form, *歩く* describes going from place to place while performing that action.
The activity changes
*働いて 歩きました* means "I went from place to place, working."
The same pattern describes going around while eating, listening, drinking, talking, or selling.
- 51
みてあるきましょう。
Let's go from place to place,seeing.
見seeてsee歩きgo place to placeましょう。let's - 52
たべてあるきました。
I went from place to place, eating.
食べeatてeat歩きgo place to placeましdid, politeた。did, polite - 53
きいてあるきました。
I went from place to place, listening.
聞いlistenてlisten歩きgo place to placeましdid, politeた。did, polite - 54
のんであるきました。
I went from place to place, drinking.
のんdrinkでdrink歩きgo place to placeましdid, politeた。did, polite - 55
はなしてあるきました。
I went from place to place, talking.
話しtalkてtalk歩きgo place to placeましdid, politeた。did, polite - 56
はたらいてあるきました。
I went from place to place, working.
働いworkてwork歩きgo place to placeましdid, politeた。did, polite - 57
うってあるきました。
I went from place to place, selling.
売っsellてsell歩きgo place to placeましdid, politeた。did, polite
Stating hopes and intentions · Perception drill, Block 5
Thinking of buying a car
*新しい 自動車を 買いたいと 思っています* means "I am thinking of buying a new car."
Add *と 思っています* to a verb ending in *たい* to state what someone hopes to do.
A hoped-for journey
*早く 日本へ 行きたいと 思っています* means "I am hoping to go to Japan soon."
- 58
うでどけいをかってやりたいとおもっています。
I am hoping to buy a wrist watch for somebody.
うwristwatchでwristwatch時計wristwatchをobject買っbuyてbuyやりfor someoneたいwant toとquote思っam hopingてam hopingいam hopingます。am hoping - 59
あたらしいじどうしゃをかいたいとおもっています。
I am thinking of buying a new car.
新しいnew自動car車carをobject買いbuyたいwant toとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいam thinkingます。am thinking - 60
わたくしはせんせいになりたいとおもっています。
I am thinking of becoming a teacher.
私Iはtopic先生teacherにintoなりbecomeたいwant toとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいam thinkingます。am thinking - 61
あしたのあさはやくおきたいとおもっています。
I am thinking of getting up early tomorrow morning.
明日tomorrowのof朝morning早くearlyおきget upたいwant toとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいam thinkingます。am thinking - 62
わたくしはフランスごをならいたいとおもっています。
I am thinking of learning French.
私IはtopicフランスFrench語Frenchをobject習いlearnたいwant toとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいam thinkingます。am thinking - 63
はやくにほんへいきたいとおもっています。
I am hoping to go to Japan soon.
早くsoon日本Japanへtoward行きgoたいwant toとquote思っam hopingてam hopingいam hopingます。am hoping - 64
わたくしのじどうしゃをうりたいとおもっています。
I am thinking of selling my car.
私Iの's自動car車carをobject売りsellたいwant toとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいam thinkingます。am thinking
- 朝
- morning
Naming daily plans · Pattern 1 1 of 2
Today's activity or place
*私は 今日 買物です* means "I am shopping today." The action noun with *です* names today's activity.
With a place noun, the same pattern states location. *子供たちは 今日は 学校です* means "The children are at school today."
- 65
わたくしはきょうかいものです。
I am shopping today.
私Iはtopic今日today買物shoppingです。is - 66
わたくしはきょうはしごとです。
I am working today.
私Iはtopic今日todayはtopicしworkごとworkです。is - 67
こどもたちはきょうはがっこうです。
The children are at school today.
子供childrenたちpluralはtopic今日todayはtopic学校schoolです。is - 68
せいとはきょうはじしゅうです。
The students are studying on their own today.
生徒studentsはtopic今日todayはtopic自self-studyしゅうself-studyです。is - 69
スミスさんはきょうやすみです。
Mr. Smith has the day off today.
スミスSmithさんMr.はtopic今日today休みday offです。is - 70
きょうはふくしゅうです。
Today is for review.
今日todayはtopicふくしゅうreviewです。is
- しゅう
- state
- ふくしゅう
- review
Asking about tomorrow's plans · Pattern 1 2 of 2
Plans for tomorrow
*あなたは 明日 しごとですか* means "Are you working tomorrow?" An action noun with *ですか* asks about the planned activity.
*いいえ、 家です* means "No, she is at home." A place noun with *です* answers with a location.
- 71
あなたはあしたしごとですか。
Are you working tomorrow?
あなたyouはtopic明日tomorrowしごとworkですisか。question - 72
いいえ、あしたはやすみです。
No, I have the day off tomorrow.
いいえ、no明日tomorrowはtopic休みday offです。is - 73
あしたうみへおよぎにいきましょうか。
Shall we go swimming in the ocean tomorrow?
明日tomorrow海oceanへtowardおよぎswimにto行きgoましょうshall weか。question - 74
いいえ、あしたはいけません。べんきょうです。
No, I can't go tomorrow; I have to study.
いいえ、no明日tomorrowはtopic行けcan goませcannotん。cannotべんきょうstudyです。is - 75
おくさんはさんぽですか。
Is your wife going for a walk?
おくwifeさんwifeはtopicさんぽwalkですisか。question - 76
いいえ、いえです。
No, she is at home.
いいえ、no家homeです。is
- しごと
- work, job
- 海
- sea, ocean
Offering help to others · Pattern 2 1 of 2
Help for different recipients
*買って やります* means "I'll buy it for him" when the recipient is of lower standing.
*買って上げます* gives the same benefit to an equal or superior. *私は 子供に かみを かってやります* applies the first pattern.
- 77
A.かってやります
I'll buy it for (him)." (to inferior)
A.A label買っbuyてbuyやりfor himますpolite - 78
B.かってあげます
I'll buy it for (him)." (to superior)
B.B label買っbuyてbuy上げfor himますpolite - 79
わたくしはこどもにかみをかってやります。
I cut my child's hair.
私Iはtopic子供childにforかみhairをobjectかっcutてcutやりfor themます。polite - 80
くらければ、でんとうをつけてあげますよ。
If it is dark, I will turn on the light for you.
くらけれdarkば、if電とうlightをobjectつけturn onてturn on上げfor youますpoliteよ。I tell you - 81
わたくしはこどもをがっこうにつれていってやりました。
I took my child to school.
私Iはtopic子供childをobject学校schoolにtoつれtakeてtake行っtakeてtakeやりfor themましdid, politeた。did, polite - 82
おいしゃさんをよんであげましょうか。
Shall I call the doctor for you?
おdoctor医者doctorさんdoctorをobjectよんcallでcall上げfor youましょうshall Iか。question - 83
せんせいはせいとにいろいろのことをおしえてやります。
The teacher teaches the students various things.
先生teacherはtopic生徒studentsにtoいろいろvariousのof事thingsをobjectおしえteachてteachやりfor themます。polite - 84
このかんじのかきかたがわかりませんから、おしえてください。
I do not know how to write this kanji, so please teach me.
このthisかん字kanjiのof書きwriting方wayがsubjectわかりunderstandませnot, politeんnot, politeから、becauseおしえteachてteachください。please - 85
はい、おしえてあげますよ。
Yes, I will teach you.
はい、yesおしえteachてteach上げfor youますpoliteよ。I tell you - 86
わたくしはにほんごがよめませんから、これをやくしてください。
I cannot read Japanese, so please translate this for me.
私Iはtopic日本Japanese語Japaneseがsubject読めcan readませcannotんcannotから、becauseこれthisをobjectやくしtranslateてtranslateください。please
- かみ
- hair
- 医者
- medical doctor
- ください。
- please give me (See Gram. Notes)
Helping with personal tasks · Pattern 2 2 of 2
Translating and cutting hair
*はい、 やくして上げますよ* means "Yes, I will translate it for you." The TE-form with *上げます* presents the translation as a benefit.
*ええ、 いつも 子供の あたまを かってやります* means "Yes, I always cut my child's hair." Here *やります* presents the haircut as a benefit.
- 87
はい、やくしてあげますよ。
Yes, I will translate it for you.
はい、yesやくしtranslateてtranslate上げfor youますpoliteよ。I tell you - 88
あなたはいつもおこさんのあたまをかってあげるのですか。
Do you always cut your child's hair?
あなたyouはtopicいつalwaysもalwaysおchild子childさんchildの'sあたまhairをobjectかっcutてcut上げるfor themのitですisか。question - 89
ええ、いつもこどものあたまをかってやります。
Yes, I always cut my child's hair.
ええ、yesいつalwaysもalways子供childの'sあたまhairをobjectかっcutてcutやりfor themます。polite - 90
かないにオーバーをかいます。
I will buy my wife an overcoat.
家内my wifeにtoオーバーovercoatをobject買いbuyます。polite - 91
まいばんこどもにほんをよみます。
I read a book to my child every evening.
毎every eveningばんevery evening子供childにto本bookをobject読みreadます。polite - 92
これはもういらないから、あなたにうります。
I do not need this anymore, so I will sell it to you.
これthisはtopicもうanymoreいらneedないnotから、becauseあなたyouにto売りsellます。polite - 93
みたいのでしたら、みせます。
If you want to see it, I will show it to you.
見seeたいwant toのitでしisたら、if見せshowます。polite - 94
ともだちにこれをおくります。
I will send this to a friend.
友だちfriendにtoこれthisをobject送りsendます。polite - 95
あなたはいそがしいから、わたくしがそれをします。
You are busy, so I will do it.
あなたyouはtopicいそがしいbusyから、because私Iがsubjectそれitをobjectしdoます。polite
- いつ
- when?
- あたま
- head
- オーバー
- overcoat
- ばん
- evening, night
- 本
- numerical counter for counting long slender objects (See Notes)
- もう
- already (See Gram. Notes)
- いそがしい
- busy
Having services done · Pattern 3 1 of 2
Services received
*私は 友だちに この本を 買ってもらいました* means "I had my friend buy it for me." The person providing the favor takes *に*.
*のどが いたいから、 医者に 見てもらいます* means "My throat hurts, so I will have a doctor examine me."
- 96
わたくしはともだちにこのほんをかってもらいました。
I had my friend buy it for me.
私Iはtopic友だちfriendにbyこのthis本bookをobject買っbuyてbuyもらいfor meましdid, politeた。did, polite - 97
わたくしはにほんじんににほんごをおしえてもらいます。
I have a Japanese person teach me Japanese.
私Iはtopic日本Japanese person人Japanese personにby日本Japanese語Japaneseをobjectおしえteachてteachもらいfor meます。polite - 98
わたくしはとこやでかみをかってもらいます。
I have my hair cut at the barber shop.
私Iはtopicとこbarber shop屋barber shopでatかみhairをobjectかっcutてcutもらいfor meます。polite - 99
のどがいたいから、いしゃにみてもらいます。
My throat hurts, so I will have a doctor examine me.
のどthroatがsubjectいhurtsたいhurtsから、because医者doctorにby見examineてexamineもらいfor meます。polite - 100
わたくしはたなかさんにこのえをかいてもらいました。
I had Mr. Tanaka draw this picture for me.
私Iはtopic田中TanakaさんMr.にbyこのthisえpictureをobject書いdrawてdrawもらいfor meましdid, politeた。did, polite - 101
にほんじんのともだちにこのてがみをよんでもらいました。
I had a Japanese friend read this letter for me.
日本Japanese person人Japanese personの's友だちfriendにbyこのthis手紙letterをobject読んreadでreadもらいfor meましdid, politeた。did, polite
- のど
- throat
Asking who helped you · Pattern 3 2 of 2
Who did the favor
*その ネクタイを だれに 買ってもらいましたか* means "Who bought that necktie for you?" The answer names the person who provided the favor.
*家内に 買ってもらったのです* means "My wife bought it for me." The TE-form with *もらった* reports the received benefit.
- 102
そのネクタイをだれにかってもらいましたか。
Who bought that necktie for you?
そのthatネクタイnecktieをobjectだれwhoにby買っbuyてbuyもらいfor youましdid, politeたdid, politeか。question - 103
かないにかってもらったのです。
My wife bought it for me.
家内my wifeにby買っbuyてbuyもらっfor meたpastのitです。is - 104
あなたはみみがいたいそうですが、おいしゃさんにみてもらいましたか。
I hear that your ear hurts; have you had a doctor look at it?
あなたyouはtopic耳earがsubjectいたいhurtsそうI hearですisが、butおdoctor医者doctorさんdoctorにby見examineてexamineもらいfor youましdid, politeたdid, politeか。question - 105
ええ、みてもらったのですが、まだなおりません。
Yes, I had a doctor look at it, but it still has not gotten better.
ええ、yes見examineてexamineもらっfor meたpastのitですisが、butまだstillなおりrecoverませnot, politeん。not, polite - 106
げっきゅうをもらいましたか。
Did you receive your salary?
月給salaryをobjectもらいreceiveましdid, politeたdid, politeか。question - 107
ええ、きのうはらってもらいました。
Yes, I had it paid to me yesterday.
ええ、yes昨日yesterdayはらっpayてpayもらいfor meましdid, politeた。did, polite
- ネクタイ
- necktie
- だれ
- who?
- いたい
- painful
- まだ
- yet, still
- 月給
- monthly wage
- 昨日
- yesterday
Repeated actions around town · Pattern 4 1 of 2
Activities around town
*いろいろの 店を 見て 歩きました* means "I walked around looking at various stores." The TE-form with *歩きました* places the activity at different locations.
*スミスさんは ざっしを 売って 歩きます* means "Mr. Smith goes around selling magazines."
- 108
みてあるきます。
I go from place to place, looking.
見lookてlook歩きwalk aroundます。polite - 109
いろいろのみせをみてあるきました。
I walked around looking at various stores.
いろいろvariousのof店storesをobject見lookてlook歩きwalk aroundましdid, politeた。did, polite - 110
これをじどうしゃのまどにはってあるいてください。
Please drive around with this posted on the car window.
これthisをobject自動car車carの'sまどwindowにonはっpostてpost歩いdrive aroundてdrive aroundください。please - 111
わたくしはなつのやすみには、いろいろのところをはたらいてあるきます。
During summer vacation, I work at various places.
私Iはtopic夏summerのof休みvacationにduringは、topicいろいろvariousのof所placesをobject働いworkてand歩きgo aroundます。polite - 112
スミスさんはざっしをうってあるきます。
Mr. Smith goes around selling magazines.
スミスSmithさんMr.はtopicざっしmagazinesをobject売っsellてwhile歩きgo aroundます。polite - 113
あなたはがっこうのひようはどうしましたか。
What did you do about your school expenses?
あなたyouはtopic学校schoolのofひexpensesようexpensesはtopicどうwhatしdoましpoliteたpastか。question - 114
わたくしはざっしをうってあるいて、がっこうのひようをはらいました。
I went around selling magazines and paid my school expenses.
私Iはtopicざっしmagazinesをobject売っsellてwhile歩いgo aroundて、and学校schoolのofひexpensesようexpensesをobjectはらいpayましpoliteた。past - 115
あなたはきのうのばんどうしましたか。
What did you do last night?
あなたyouはtopic昨日yesterdayのofばんnightどうwhatしdoましpoliteたpastか。question
- 夏
- summer
Showing and collecting around town · Pattern 4 2 of 2
Showing it around
*ええ、 生徒に 見せて 歩きました* means "Yes, I went around showing it to the students."
The TE-form *見せて* names the repeated activity. *歩きました* places it at a series of locations.
- 116
ゆうはんのあとで、さんぽしてあるきました。
I took a walk after dinner.
夕はんdinnerのafterあとafterで、atさんぽwalkしdoてand歩きwalk aroundましpoliteた。past - 117
このえをせいとにみせましたか。
Did you show this picture to the students?
このthisえpictureをobject生徒studentsにto見せshowましpoliteたpastか。question - 118
ええ、せいとにみせてあるきました。
Yes, I went around showing it to the students.
ええ、yes生徒studentsにto見せshowてwhile歩きgo aroundましpoliteた。past - 119
わたくしはとうきょうへいったら、いろいろのところでたべます。
When I go to Tokyo, I eat at various places.
私IはtopicとうきょうTokyoへtoward行っgoたら、whenいろいろvariousのof所placesでat食べeatます。polite - 120
おかねのないひとのこどものためにふるいほんをあつめます。
I collect old books for the children of people who have no money.
おmoney金moneyのofないwithout人peopleのof子供childrenのforためforにto古いold本booksをobjectあつめcollectます。polite - 121
かわなくても、いろいろのものをみるのがすきです。
Even if I do not buy anything, I like looking at various things.
買わbuyなくnotてeven ifも、even ifいろいろvariousのof物thingsをobject見るlook atのact ofがsubject好きlikeです。is - 122
ななじゅうねんほどまえには、まちのとおりにまいばん、ひをつけました。
About seventy years ago, they lit the streets of the town every night.
七十seventy年yearsほどabout前agoにatは、topic町townのof通りstreetsにin毎every nightばん、every nightひlightsをobjectつけlightましpoliteた。past
- で、
- --is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
- 古い
- old, antique
- 好き
- to like, be fond of (See Grammar Notes)
- 七十
- 70
- 年
- year (See Grammar Notes)
- ほど
- to the extent (See Grammar Notes)
- 前
- before, front
- 町
- town
- ばん、
- evening, night
Saying what you hope to do · Pattern 5 1 of 2
A hoped-for gift
*家内に うで時計を 買ってやりたいと思っています* means "I am hoping to buy a wrist watch for my wife."
The *買ってやりたいと思っています* pattern presents the gift as a hoped-for benefit.
- 123
かないにうでどけいをかってやりたいとおもっています。
I am hoping to buy a wrist watch for my wife.
家内wifeにforうwristwatchでwristwatch時計wristwatchをobject買っbuyてfor herやりfor herたいwant toとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいam thinkingます。am thinking - 124
いちどにほんへいきたいとおもっています。
I would like to go to Japan once.
一once度once日本Japanへtoward行きgoたいwant toとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいam thinkingます。am thinking - 125
ともだちにてがみをだしたいとおもっています。
I am thinking of sending a letter to a friend.
友だちfriendにto手紙letterをobject出しsendたいwant toとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいam thinkingます。am thinking - 126
こどもにあたらしいふくをかってやりたいとおもっています。
I am thinking of buying some new clothes for my child.
子供childにfor新しいnew服clothesをobject買っbuyてfor themやりfor themたいwant toとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいam thinkingます。am thinking - 127
すきやきをたべたいとおもっています。
I would like to eat sukiyaki.
すきやきsukiyakiをobject食べeatたいwant toとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいam thinkingます。am thinking - 128
はやくいえへかえりたいとおもっています。
I would like to go home early.
早くearly家homeへtowardかえりreturnたいwant toとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいam thinkingます。am thinking
- 一
- one
- 服
- clothes, suits, uniform
Future intentions and ambitions · Pattern 5 2 of 2
Plans that continue
*はい、 つづけたいと 思っています* means "Yes, I am thinking of continuing." The verb before *たいと 思っています* names the intended action.
*今週は ラスベガスへ 行ってみたいと 思っています* means "I am thinking of going to Las Vegas this week."
- 129
あなたはにほんへいってからも、にほんごのべんきょうをつづけたいとおもっていますか。
Are you thinking of continuing to study Japanese after you go to Japan?
あなたyouはtopic日本Japanへtoward行っgoてafterからafterも、also日本Japan語languageのofべんきょうstudyをobjectつづけcontinueたいwant toとquote思っare thinkingてare thinkingいare thinkingますare thinkingか。question - 130
はい、つづけたいとおもっています。
Yes, I am thinking of continuing.
はい、yesつづけcontinueたいwant toとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいam thinkingます。am thinking - 131
あなたはゴルフをやりますか。
Do you play golf?
あなたyouはtopicゴルフgolfをobjectやりplayますpoliteか。question - 132
いいえ、やりませんが、ならいたいとおもっています。
No, I do not, but I would like to learn.
いいえ、noやりplayませnot, politeんnot, politeが、but習いlearnたいwant toとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいam thinkingます。am thinking - 133
こんしゅうどこへいきますか。
Where are you going this week?
今週this weekどこwhereへtoward行きgoますpoliteか。question - 134
こんしゅうはラスベガスへいってみたいとおもっています。
I am thinking of going to Las Vegas this week.
今週this weekはtopicラスベガスLas Vegasへtoward行っgoてtryみtryたいwant toとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいam thinkingます。am thinking
- ゴルフ
- golf
- が、
- but (See Gram. Notes)
- 今週
- this week
Buying a birthday watch · Reading Selection 1 of 2
A birthday watch
*来週の水曜日は家内のたんじょう日ですから、うで時計を一つ買ってやりたいと思って山本さんに町へつれて行ってもらいました* says why the narrator goes into town.
He hopes to buy his wife a watch and has Mr. Yamamoto take him. The sentence combines a hoped-for benefit with a favor received.
From the streetcar to the store
The men ride a streetcar to the commercial center. They find a large watch store across from the stop.
Inside, the narrator chooses one gold wristwatch from watches of many sizes and prices.
- 135
らいしゅうのすいようびはかないのたんじょうびですから、うでどけいをひとつかってやりたいとおもってやまもとさんにまちへつれていってもらいました。
Since next Wednesday is my wife's birthday, I wanted to buy her a wristwatch, so I had Mr. Yamamoto take me into town.
来週next weekのof水曜Wednesday日Wednesdayはtopic家内wifeのofたんじょうbirthday日birthdayですisから、becauseうでwristwatch時計wristwatchをobject一oneつone買っbuyてfor herやりfor herたいwant toとquote思っthinkingてthinking山本YamamotoさんMr.にby町townへtowardつれtake meてtake me行っtake meてtake meもらいhad himましpoliteた。past - 136
わたくしはこちらへきてから、まだいっしゅうかんぐらいで、まちのことをよくしりませんからじぶんのじどうしゃではいきたくはありませんでした。
I had only been here for about a week and did not know the town well, so I did not want to go in my own car.
私Iはtopicこちらhereへtoward来comeてafterから、afterまだonly一one週間weekぐらいaboutで、and町townのof事thingsをobjectよくwell知りknowませnot, politeんnot, politeからbecause自分myselfのof自動car車carでbyはtopic行きgoたくwant toはemphasisありbeませnot, politeんnot, politeでしpoliteた。past - 137
でんしゃでいったら、さんよんじゅっぷんぐらいかかりました。
When we went by streetcar, it took about thirty or forty minutes.
電車streetcarでby行っgoたら、when三四十thirty or forty分minutesぐらいaboutかかりtakeましpoliteた。past - 138
しのしょうぎょうのちゅうしんちになっているとおりにきてでんしゃをおりました。
We came to a street that is the city's commercial center and got off the streetcar.
市cityのofしょうcommerceぎょうcommerceのof中心centerちcenterにintoなっbecomeてbecomeいるis通りstreetにto来comeてand電車streetcarをobject降りget offましpoliteた。past - 139
ていりゅうじょのむこうがわにおおきなとけいてんがありました。
There was a large watch store across from the stop.
ていりゅうstopじょstopのofむこうがわacross fromにat大きなlarge時計watch store店watch storeがsubjectありexistましpoliteた。past - 140
このとけいてんはこのしでいちばんおおきいみせだそうです。
They say that this watch store is the largest store in the city.
このthis時計watch store店watch storeはtopicこのthis市cityでin一番most大きいlarge店storeだisそうreportedlyです。is - 141
なかにはいると、おおきいとけい、ちいさいとけい、たかいの、やすいのとたくさんありました。
When we went inside, there were many watches: large ones, small ones, expensive ones, and inexpensive ones.
中insideにtoはいるenterと、when大きいlarge時計、watches小さいsmall時計、watches高いexpensiveの、ones安いinexpensiveのonesとand沢山manyありexistましpoliteた。past - 142
わたくしはそのなかからきんのうでどけいをひとつかいました。
I chose a gold wristwatch from among them and bought it.
私Iはtopicそのthose中amongからfrom金goldのofうでwristwatch時計wristwatchをobject一oneつone買いbuyましpoliteた。past
- 来週
- next week
- ぐらい
- about
- よく
- well, skillfully
- 自分
- self
- 分
- minute
- 一番
- number one (See Grammar Notes)
- はいる
- to enter, to go in
Crowds and a barbershop · Reading Selection 2 of 2
Looking around a crowded town
*時計店を出てから、あちらこちら見て歩きました* describes the men walking around and looking after leaving the watch store.
The TE-form with *歩きました* describes looking in different places. The town is crowded with people and vehicles.
Services at the barbershop
*私たちはかどのりはつ屋にはいって、かみをかってもらいました* says that the men entered the corner barbershop and had their hair cut.
The men receive haircuts but do not have their beards shaved. They then take a bus home.
- 143
とけいてんをでてから、あちらこちらみてあるきました。
After leaving the watch store, we walked around looking here and there.
時計watch store店watch storeをobject出leaveてafterから、afterあちらこちらhere and there見lookてwhile歩きwalk aroundましpoliteた。past - 144
おおきい、きれいなみせがたくさんありました。
There were many large, attractive stores.
大きい、largeきれいattractiveなattractive店storesがsubject沢山manyありexistましpoliteた。past - 145
ごごのごじごろでしたからまちはひとやくるまでずいぶんこんでいました。
It was around five in the afternoon, so the town was very crowded with people and cars.
午後afternoonのof五five o’clock時five o’clock頃aroundでしwasたpastからbecause町townはtopic人peopleやand such車carsでwithずい分veryこんwas crowdedでwas crowdedいwas crowdedましwas crowdedた。was crowded - 146
でんしゃやバスでいえへかえるひとたちがおおぜいていりゅうじょにたっていました、こうさてんをわたっているひともおおぜいいました。
Many people going home by streetcar or bus were standing at the stop, and many people were also crossing the intersection.
電車streetcarやorバスbusでby家homeへtowardかえるreturning人peopleたちpluralがsubject大ぜいmanyていりゅうstopじょstopにatたっwere standingてwere standingいwere standingましwere standingた、were standingこうさintersectionてんintersectionをobjectわたっwere crossingてwere crossingいるwere crossing人peopleもalso大ぜいmany居wereましpoliteた。past - 147
こんなにこんでいるときにはきをつけなければあぶないとおもいました。
I thought it would be dangerous if we were not careful when it was this crowded.
こんなthisにmuchこんis crowdedでis crowdedいるis crowded時timeにatはtopic気careをobjectつけtakeなけれif notばifあぶないdangerousとquote思いthinkましpoliteた。past - 148
わたくしたちはかどのりはつやにはいって、かみをかってもらいました。
We went into the barbershop on the corner and had our hair cut.
私Iたちpluralはtopicかどcornerのりbarbershopはつbarbershop屋barbershopにintoはいっenterて、andかみhairをobjectかっcutてhave doneもらいhave doneましpoliteた。past - 149
もうろくじにちかかったから、ひげはそってもらいませんでした。
Since it was already close to six, we did not have our beards shaved.
もうalready六six時o’clockにto近かっcloseたpastから、becauseひげbeardsはtopicそっshaveてhave doneもらいhave doneませnot, politeんnot, politeでしpoliteた。past - 150
りはつやをでて、わたくしたちはバスにのってやすかわさんがはたらいているゆうびんきょくのまえをとおっていえへかえりました。
After leaving the barbershop, we took a bus, passed the post office where Mr. Yasukawa works, and went home.
りbarbershopはつbarbershop屋barbershopをobject出leaveて、after私Iたちpluralはtopicバスbusにonのっrideてand安川YasukawaさんMr.がsubject働いworksてworksいるworksゆうびんpost officeきょくpost officeのof前frontをpast通っpassてand家homeへtowardかえりreturnましpoliteた。past
- 午後
- p.m., afternoon
- 五
- five
- 時
- time
- 頃
- approximate point of time (See Gram. Notes)
- や
- and---among others (See Gram. Notes)
- バス
- bus
- かど
- corner
- 六
- six
- ひげ
- beard, whiskers
- ゆうびん
- postal service
Questions about watch shopping · Questions 1 of 2
The trip to buy a watch
The questions ask about the intended gift, the reason for the ride, and details of the store.
*私は 家内に 何を 買ってやりたいと 思っていましたか* means "What was I thinking of buying for my wife?" An answer names the wristwatch.
- 151
かないのたんじょうびはいつですか。
When is my wife's birthday?
家内wifeのofたんじょうbirthday日birthdayはtopicいつwhenですisか。question - 152
わたくしはかないになにをかってやりたいとおもっていましたか。
What was I thinking of buying for my wife?
私Iはtopic家内wifeにfor何whatをobject買っbuyてfor herやりfor herたいwant toとquote思っwas thinkingてwas thinkingいwas thinkingましwas thinkingたwas thinkingか。question - 153
なぜやまもとさんにまちへつれていってもらいましたか。
Why did I have Mr. Yamamoto take me into town?
なぜwhy山本YamamotoさんMr.にby町townへtowardつれtake meてtake me行っtake meてtake meもらいhad himましpoliteたpastか。question - 154
なぜわたくしはこのまちをよくしりませんか。
Why do I not know this town well?
なぜwhy私Iはtopicこのthis町townをobjectよくwell知りknowませnot, politeんnot, politeか。question - 155
なぜきょうじぶんのじどうしゃでまちへいきたくはありませんでしたか。
Why did I not want to go into town in my own car today?
なぜwhy今日today自分myselfのof自動car車carでby町townへtoward行きgoたくwant toはemphasisありbeませnot, politeんnot, politeでしpoliteたpastか。question - 156
でんしゃでいったら、どのぐらいかかりましたか。
When we went by streetcar, how long did it take?
電車streetcarでby行っgoたら、whenどのhowぐらいlongかかりtakeましpoliteたpastか。question - 157
わたくしたちはどこででんしゃをおりましたか。
Where did we get off the streetcar?
私Iたちpluralはtopicどこwhereでat電車streetcarをobject降りget offましpoliteたpastか。question - 158
このしでいちばんおおきいとけいてんはどこにありますか。
Where is the largest watch store in this city?
このthis市cityでin一番most大きいlarge時計watch store店watch storeはtopicどこwhereにatありexistますpoliteか。question - 159
そのとけいてんでは、うでどけいしかうっていませんか。
Does that watch store sell only wristwatches?
そのthat時計watch store店watch storeでatは、topicうでwristwatch時計wristwatchしかonly売っsellてsellいsellませnot, politeんnot, politeか。question - 160
たかいとけいしかうっていませんか。
Do they sell only expensive watches?
高いexpensive時計watchesしかonly売っsellてsellいsellませnot, politeんnot, politeか。question
- なぜ
- why?
Questions about returning home · Questions 2 of 2
After the watch store
The questions ask what the men did in town, how crowded it was, and how they returned home.
*私たちは あたまを かってもらったり、 ひげを そってもらったり しましたか* asks whether they had both services performed. An answer distinguishes the haircut from the shave.
- 161
わたくしはどんなとけいをかいましたか。
What kind of watch did I buy?
私Iはtopicどんなwhat kind of時計watchをobject買いbuyましpoliteたpastか。question - 162
とけいてんをでてから、どうしましたか。
What did you do after leaving the watch store?
時計watch shop店watch shopをobject出leaveてleaveから、afterどうwhatしdoましpoliteたpastか。question - 163
そのとき、まちはどうでしたか。
What was the town like at that time?
そのthat時、time町townはtopicどうhowでしwasたpastか。question - 164
まちがこんでいるときには、どうしなければなりませんか。
What must you do when the town is crowded?
町townがsubjectこんis crowdedでis crowdedいるis crowded時timeにatは、topicどうwhatしdoなけれmust doばmust doなりmust doませnot, politeんnot, politeか。question - 165
わたくしたちはすぐいえへかえりましたか。
Did we go home right away?
私weたちweはtopicすぐright away家homeへtowardかえりreturnましpoliteたpastか。question - 166
わたくしたちはあたまをかってもらったり、ひげをそってもらったりしましたか。
Did we have our hair cut and our beards shaved?
私weたちweはtopicあたまhairをobjectかっhad cutてhad cutもらっhad cutたり、and suchひげbeardをobjectそっhad shavedてhad shavedもらっhad shavedたりand suchしdoましpoliteたpastか。question - 167
とけいてんをでたのはなんじごろでしたか。
About what time did you leave the watch store?
時計watch shop店watch shopをobject出leaveたpastのthe factはtopic何時頃about what timeでしwasたpastか。question - 168
でんしゃでいえへかえりましたか。
Did you go home by train?
電車trainでby家homeへtowardかえりreturnましpoliteたpastか。question - 169
どこをとおっていえへかえりましたか。
Where did you pass on your way home?
どこwhereをthrough通っpassてpass家homeへtowardかえりreturnましpoliteたpastか。question
- 時、
- time
- すぐ
- right away, immediately
Words for shopping locations · Word list 1 of 5
Shopping places and street landmarks
These words cover shopping, gifts, stores, intersections, crowds, and transit stops.
*買物* means "shopping," *時計店* means "watch shop," and *ていりゅうじょ* means "car stop."
- 170
かいもの
shopping
買物shopping - 171
うでどけい
wrist watch
うで時計wristwatch - 172
たんじょうび
birthday
たんじょう日birthday - 173
みせ
store, shop
店store - 174
こうさてん
intersection, crossroad
こうさてんintersection - 175
とけいてん
watch shop
時計店watch shop - 176
やす(み)
holiday
休(み)holiday - 177
おおぜい
crowd (of people)
大ぜいcrowd of people - 178
こちらがわ
this side
こちらがわthis side - 179
ていりゅうじょ
car stop
ていりゅうじょstreetcar stop
- うで時計
- wrist watch
- たんじょう日
- birthday
- こうさてん
- intersection, crossroad
- 時計店
- watch shop
- 休(み)
- holiday
- こちらがわ
- this side
- ていりゅうじょ
- car stop
City transport and shops · Word list 2 of 5
Transport, shops, and clothing
These words cover city transport, commercial streets, clothing, barbershops, and hair.
*電車* means "streetcar, electric train," *ドレス* means "dress," and *りはつ屋* means "barbershop."
- 180
でんしゃ
streetcar, electric train
電車electric train - 181
しょうぎょう
commerce
しょうぎょうcommerce - 182
ちゅうしんち
center
中心ちcenter - 183
とおり
street
通りstreet - 184
トラック
truck
トラックtruck - 185
くるま
vehicle, car
車car - 186
ドレス
dress
ドレスdress - 187
りはつや
barbershop
りはつ屋barbershop - 188
かみ
hair
かみhair - 189
かど
corner
かどcorner
- しょうぎょう
- commerce
- 中心ち
- center
- トラック
- truck
- りはつ屋
- barbershop
Directions and barber actions · Word list 3 of 5
Directions, transit, and barbering
These words cover directions, transit actions, and barbering.
*こちら* means "this, here," *降りる* means "to get off," and *かる* means "to clip, to cut."
- 190
とこや
barbershop
とこ屋barbershop - 191
ひげ
beard, whiskers
ひげbeard - 192
こちら
this, here (See Gram. Notes)
こちらthis way - 193
そちら
that, there
そちらthat way - 194
あちら
that over there, over there
あちらover there - 195
どちら
which, where
どちらwhich way - 196
こむ
to be crowded
こむbe crowded - 197
おりる
to get off
降りるget off - 198
のる
to get on, to ride
のるget on - 199
かる
to clip, to cut
かるcut
- とこ屋
- barbershop
- あちら
- that over there, over there
- どちら
- which of two (See Grammar Notes)
- こむ
- to be crowded
- 降りる
- to get off
- のる
- to get on, to ride
- かる
- to clip, to cut
Safety and helping words · Word list 4 of 5
Care and help
These words cover safety, movement, and help for others.
*気をつける* means "to be careful." *--てやる* describes help for an inferior, while *--上げる* describes help for a superior.
- 200
そる
to shave
そるshave - 201
はいる
to enter, to go in
はいるenter - 202
わたる
to go across, walk across
わたるgo across - 203
とおる
to pass
通るpass - 204
きをつける
to be careful
気をつけるbe careful - 205
あぶない
dangerous (I-adj.)
あぶないdangerous - 206
おおぜいの
many, crowds of
大ぜいのmany people - 207
こんにちは
hello, good day
今日はhello - 208
--てやる
to do -- (for (inferior) (See Gram. Notes)
--てやるdo for someone - 209
--あげる
to do -- for (superior) (See Gram. Notes)
--上げるdo for someone
- そる
- to shave
- わたる
- to go across, walk across
- 通る
- to pass
- 気をつける
- to be careful
- 大ぜいの
- many, crowds of
- 今日は
- hello, good day
- --てやる
- to do -- (for (inferior) (See Gram. Notes)
- --上げる
- to do -- for (superior) (See Gram. Notes)
Haircuts hopes and preferences · Word list 5 of 5
Plans and personal services
These expressions cover going around, hoping, and receiving services. *見て歩く* means "to go around looking," and *--たいと 思っています* means "I am hoping to do something."
*私は かどの りはつ屋で ひげを そってもらいます* means "I'll have my beard shaved at the corner barbershop."
- 210
みてあるく
to go around looking (See Gram. Notes)
見て歩くgo around looking - 211
--たいとおもっています
I am hoping to -- (See Gram. Notes)
--たいと思っていますam hoping to - 212
そうしましょう
let's do that
そうしましょうlet's do that - 213
さあ
well, now, here, come
さあwell now - 214
すきずき
one's taste, one's own liking
好き好きone's own taste - 215
あたまをかる
to get a haircut
あたまをかるget a haircut - 216
ひげをそる
to shave
ひげをそるshave - 217
かみをかる
to get a haircut
かみをかるget a haircut - 218
わたくしはかどのりはつやでひげをそってもらいます。
I'll have my beard shaved at the corner barbershop.
私はかどのりはつ屋でひげをそってもらいます。have beard shaved - 219
かどのとこやはいまこんでいます。
The corner barbershop is crowded now.
かどのとこ屋は今こんでいます。corner barbershop is crowded
- 見て歩く
- to go around looking (See Gram. Notes)
- --たいと思っています
- I am hoping to -- (See Gram. Notes)
- そうしましょう
- let's do that
- さあ
- well, now, here, come
- あたまをかる
- to get a haircut
- ひげをそる
- to shave
- かみをかる
- to get a haircut
- 私はかどのりはつ屋でひげをそってもらいます。
- "I'll have my beard shaved at the corner barbershop."
- かどのとこ屋は今こんでいます。
- "The corner barbershop is crowded now."
The particulars
- The course
- Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours.
- Reading aloud
- Digital narration, directed by 1732 Studios.
- The book
- Botchan, the work this course leads to, free to read here.
- Data
- JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents