Japanese · Lesson 43
Lesson 43
Kanji and everyday Japanese
Cinemas competing with television · Dialogue 1 of 4
Will cinemas keep growing
Two people discuss Japan's many movie theaters and whether their number will increase.
One says, *日本には 映画館が 多いですね*, "There are many movie theaters in Japan, aren't there?"
The past one or two years
*ここ一二年 あまり ふえていませんから* gives the reason: "since they haven't increased in the past one or two years."
Here *ここ一二年* names the immediately recent period.
Kanji: 館
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 1
にほんにはえいがかんがおおいですね。
There are many movie theaters in Japan, aren't there?
日本Japanにinはtopic映画movie theater館movie theaterがsubject多いmanyですareね。right? - 2
ええ、えいがをみにいくにほんじんがおおいからでしょう。
Yes, because there probably are many Japanese people who go to see movies.
ええ、yes映画movieをobject見seeにto行くgo日本Japanese person人Japanese personがsubject多いmanyからbecauseでしょう。probably - 3
まだふえるでしょうか。
Do you think they will increase.
まだstillふえるincreaseでしょうprobablyか。question - 4
さあ、ここいちにねんあまりふえていませんから、いまからはあまりふえないとおもいます。
Well, since they haven't increased in the past one or two years, I don't think they will increase much from now on.
さあ、wellここpast一one or two二one or two年yearsあまりmuchふえhaven't increasedてhaven't increasedいhaven't increasedませhaven't increasedんhaven't increasedから、because今nowからfromはtopicあまりmuchふえincreaseないnotとquote思いthinkます。think - 5
テレビがきゅうにおおくなったので、えいがにいくひとのかずがへるかもしれませんね。
Moviegoers might decrease in number, because television has suddenly become popular, it seems.
テレビtelevisionがsubjectきゅうsuddenlyにsuddenly多くbecame widespreadなっbecame widespreadたbecame widespreadのbecauseで、because映画moviesにto行くgo人peopleのpeople'sかずnumberがsubjectへるmight decreaseかmight decreaseもmight decrease知れmight decreaseませmight decreaseんmight decreaseね。right?
KOKO ICHI NI NEN EIGA O MINI IKU HITO GA HERIMASHITA.
Quite often, in expressions such as 'these two or three years,' Japanese uses KOKO instead of KONO. The period of time indicated may refer to a time immediately in the past or immediately in the future, depending on the tense of the final verb.
KOKO NI SAN NICHI SAMUKATTA NODE, HOTONDO IE NO NAKA NI IMASHITA. "Because it has been cold these past two or three days, I stayed in the house almost all the time."
KOKO NI SAN NICHI NO AIDA NI TEGAMI GA KIMASEN DESHITARA ITTE MIMASU. "If the letter does not come in (these) two or three days, I'll go to see him."
KOKO NI SAN NICHI AME GA FUTTE TENKI GA WARUI DESU. "It has been raining these two or three days and the weather has been bad."MACHI E IKOO
In Lesson 27, the pattern verb + MASHOO was introduced, and the expression MACHI E IKIMASHOO means 'Let's go to town,' 'I'll go to town,' or 'He will probably go to town.'
In informal abrupt speech, the same thing can be said by using the future tense of the verb itself.
The future tense of the regular verbs (consonant verbs) are formed by substituting the final U in a basic form with a long O, spelled OO.
Examples:
Basic Form | Future Tense
NARAU | NARAOO
IKU | IKOO
HANASU | HANASOO
TATSU | TATOO
SHINU (to die) | SHINOO
YOMU | YOMOO
TORU | TOROO
OYOGU | OYOGOO
TOBU | TOBOO
In case of semi-regular or vowel verbs, the final RU of the basic form is replaced with YOO.
Thus:
Basic Form | Future Tense
TABERU | TABEYOO
MIRU | MIYOO
The future tense of KURU and SURU are KOYOO and SHIYOO respectively.
In Japanese, the future tense describes three situations, depending on the subject:
In the case of the third person, it describes probable future action or the probable intent.
In the case of the first person, singular or plural, it describes strong intention or will.
WATAKUSHI WA SORE O KAOO. "I will buy it."
In the case of the first person plural or the second person, it describes invitation or mild coaxing.
EIGA NI IKOO. "Let's go to a movie."
ANATA MO IKOO. "You go, too." (You are invited to go.)
Since the future tense in Japanese is largely a conjecture on the part of the speaker, a and b above denote probability. When this probability is strong, the basic form of the verb plus DESHOO or DAROO is used.
ANO KATA MO IKU DESHOO.
ANO KATA MO IKU DAROO. "He will probably go."
The difference between the DESHOO and DAROO is that of degree of politeness.
The abrupt informal future tense is seldom, if ever, used with the second person as its subject. Most commonly the basic form of the verb plus DESHOO is used in this case.
WATAKUSHI WA KITTO IKU DESHOO. "I'll surely go."
ANO KATA WA KITTO IKU DESHOO. "He'll surely go."
ANATA WA KITTO IKU DESHOO. "You'll surely go."
In conventional writing, the second "O" of the long OO at the end of the future tense verb is represented by the KANA "う".
IKOO
HANASOO
MIYOO
Review Grammar Notes on MASHOO in Lesson 27.WATAKUSHI WA EIGA NI IKOO TO OMOIMASU.
Very commonly the future tense of a verb is followed by the expression TO OMOU in some MASU form. In this usage, the future tense verb is an indication of an intent or desire and not probability. TO OMOU indicates that the subject is contemplating the action indicated by the preceding verb in the future tense. Therefore, WATAKUSHI WA IKOO TO
OMOIMASU means "I think I will go," and WATAKUSHI WA IKOO TO OMOTTE IMASU means "I am thinking of going." It is illogical to make statements such as ANATA WA IKOO TO OMOIMASU or ANO KATA WA IKOO TO OMOIMASU, since there is no way of knowing what ANATA or ANO KATA will think. The statement, ANATA WA IKOO TO OMOIMASU KA, is quite logical, but, again, to ask the second person ANO KATA WA IKOO TO OMOIMASU KA is illogical. So, the interrogative form of the statement becomes ANO KATA WA IKOO TO OMOTTE IMASU KA. This is because the person called ANO KATA cannot show his intent without thinking about it beforehand. Such statements as:
A. Do you think you'll go?
B: Does he think he'll go?
usually will be:
A. ANATA WA IKOO TO OMOIMASU KA.
B. ANO KATA WA IKOO TO OMOTTE IMASUKA.
The intransitive potential verbs ending in -ERU (Les. 34) and the intransitive verbs that take inanimate subjects cannot have the future tense plus TO OMOU form because these verbs express probability rather than intention.
KONO HON WA YOMERU TO OMOU, and
GAKKOO WA HACHIJI NI HAJIMARU TO OMOU
are common expressions, but not:
KONO HON WA YOMEYOO TO OMOU.
GAKKOO WA HICHIJI NI HAJIMAROO TO OMOU.TSUMORI DE
Following the conclusive form of verbs, I-adjectives, NA-adjectives, or a noun plus NO, TSUMORI DE expresses 'with the intention of,' 'with the idea of,' 'with the thought of.'
Examples:
SORE O YASUI TSUMORI DE KAIMASHITA. "I bought it with the thought that it was cheap."
ANO ONNA NO HITO WA JIBUN DEWA KIREINA TSUMORI DE IMASU. "She thinks she is pretty."
ANO KATA WA BYOOKI NO TSUMORI DE IMASU. "He thinks he is sick."
ANO HITO WA JOOZU NA TSUMORI DE HANASHITE IMASU. "He is talking with the idea that he is good."ANO KATA WA NIHONGO O HANASU YOO NI NARIMASHITA.
In Lesson 40, a verb base form plus YOO was introduced to describe an appearance. In this lesson, YOO describes change of form into whatever precedes YOO.
ANO KATA WA NIHONGO O HANASU YOO NI NARIMASHITA. "He has become so that he can speak Japanese."- に
- on (See Gram. Notes)
- は
- leaves
- 映画
- movie
- が
- but (See Gram. Notes)
- です
- to be (See Gram. Notes)
- ね。
- isn't it (See Grammar Notes)
- ええ、
- Yes
- を
- particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)
- 人
- people
- から
- from (See Gram. Notes)
- でしょう。
- probably (See Gram. Notes)
- まだ
- yet, still
- ふえる
- to increase (v.i.)
- か。
- either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
- さあ、
- well, now, here, come
- ここ
- here
- 一
- one
- 二
- two
- 年
- year (See Grammar Notes)
- と
- and (See Gram. Notes)
- ます。
- trout
- テレビ
- television
- の
- See Grammar Notes
- で、
- --is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
- へる
- to decrease
Choosing films by their cast · Dialogue 2 of 4
Choosing a film
The speakers compare television with movie theaters, then discuss color films and how they choose a film.
One checks the cast first: *私は 映画に 行く 前に、まず はいやくを 見ます*, "I look at the cast before I go to a movie."
Thinking of exporting films
*外国へ 映画を ゆしゅつしようと 思って* means "thinking of exporting movies to foreign countries."
The form *ゆしゅつしよう* presents the intended future action in this line.
Kanji: 会, 社
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
Kanji: 色
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 6
そうでもないでしょう。えいがもテレビでみるのと、えいがかんでみるのとでは、きぶんがちがいますからね。
I don't think so, because the feeling or mood is different between seeing a movie on TV and seeing it in a movie theater.
そうsoでevenもevenないnotでしょう。probably映画moviesもalsoテレビtelevisionでon見るwatchingのoneと、and映画movie theater館movie theaterでat見るwatchingのoneとandでinは、topic気分feelingがsubjectちがいdiffersますdiffersからbecauseね。you see - 7
にほんのてんねんしょくえいがはじつにきれいですね。がいこくでもひょうばんがいいらしいです。
Japanese color films are really pretty, aren't they? It seems they have a good reputation abroad, too.
日本JapaneseのJapan's天natural colorねんnatural color色natural color映画filmsはtopicじつreallyにreallyきれいbeautifulですareね。right?外国abroadでinもtooひょうばんreputationがsubjectいいgoodらしいapparentlyです。is - 8
にほんのえいがかいしゃもがいこくへえいがをゆしゅつしようとおもって、なるべくよいのをつくっているのでしょう。
Japanese movie companies, too, thinking of exporting movies to foreign countries, are probably making as good ones as possible.
日本JapaneseのJapan's映画movie会社companiesもtoo外国foreign countriesへtoward映画moviesをobjectゆexportしゅexportつexportしようintend to exportとquote思っthinkingて、thinkingなるべくas much as possibleよいgoodのonesをobject作っare makingてare makingいるare makingのit seemsでしょう。probably - 9
わたくしはえいがにいくまえに、まずはいやくをみます。いいはいゆうがでていれば、みにいくことにします。にんきスターのながならんでいると、えいがもたいていいいです。
I look at the cast before I go to a movie. If good actors appear, I decide to go to see it. If the names of popular actors are listed, the movie is usually good, too.
私Iはtopic映画moviesにto行くgo前beforeに、beforeまずfirstはいcastやくcastをobject見look atます。look atいいgoodはいactorsゆうactorsがsubject出if they appearてif they appearいれif they appearば、if they appear見seeにto行くgo事actにonしdecideます。decide人気popularスターstarsのstars'名namesがsubjectならんare listedでare listedいるare listedと、when映画movieもalso大抵usuallyいいgoodです。is - 10
わたくしもしゅえんをやっているはいゆうやかんとくのなまえをみて、よさそうでしたら、いきます。
I, too, look at the names of the actors who play the main characters and the director. If they are good, I go.
私Iもtooしゅleading rolesえleading rolesんleading rolesをobjectやっplayingてplayingいるplayingはいactorsゆうactorsやandかんとくdirectorのdirector's名前namesをobject見look atて、look atよさseem goodそうseem goodでしifたら、if行きgoます。go
- そう
- numerical counter for ships
- で
- --is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
- と、
- and (See Gram. Notes)
- は、
- leaves
- 気分
- feeling
- ます
- trout
- ひょうばん
- reputation
- いい
- good (See Gram. Notes)
- 会社
- company, firm
- へ
- to (See Gram. Notes)
- なるべく
- as much as possible
- よい
- good (See Gram. Notes)
- いる
- to need (See Gram. Notes)
- 前
- before, front
- まず
- first, first of all
- やく
- approximately (See Grammar Notes)
- し
- city
- 人気
- popularity
- 名
- name
- や
- and---among others (See Gram. Notes)
- かんとく
- director, superintendent
Learning language from films · Dialogue 3 of 4
Films as language study
Two people compare how often they see films and discuss understanding Japanese dialogue.
One says, *勉強の つもりで 行くのです*, "I go, intending to learn language from movies."
An intention behind the action
In *勉強の つもりで*, the noun *勉強* names the intention behind going to films.
The phrase gives study as the purpose of going.
Kanji: 勉
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
Kanji: 強
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 11
あなたはたびたびえいがにいきますか。
Do you go to movies often?
あなたyouはtopicたびたびoften映画moviesにto行きgoますgoか。question - 12
いいえ、たまにしかいきません。いっかげつにいちどぐらいでしょう。あなたは。
No, I rarely go. I go about once a month. And you?
いいえ、noたまにoccasionallyしかonly行きgoませdo not goん。do not go一oneか月monthにper一one度timeぐらいaboutでしょう。probablyあなたyouは。topic - 13
わたくしはたびたびいきます。べんきょうのつもりでいくのです。
I go often. I go, intending to learn language from movies.
私Iはtopicたびたびoften行きgoます。go勉強studyのofつもりintentionでwith行くgoのthe reasonです。is - 14
あなたはにほんごがじょうずですから、ちっともこまらないでしょう。
Since you are good in Japanese, you probably don't have any trouble, do you?
あなたyouはtopic日本Japanese語Japaneseがsubject上手good atですareから、becauseちっともat allこまらhave troubleないnotでしょう。probably - 15
ええ、まあほとんどなんでもわかります。だがじだいげきをみていると、わからないことばがおおいですね。
Well, I understand almost anything. However, there are many words that I don't understand, when I'm watching a historical play.
ええ、yesまあwellほとんどalmost何anythingでanythingもanythingわかりunderstandます。understandだhoweverがhowever時代historical playげきhistorical playをobject見am watchingてam watchingいるam watchingと、whenわからunderstandないnot言葉wordsがsubject多いmanyですareね。right?
- たびたび
- often, frequently
- たまに
- rarely, once in a while
- ぐらい
- about
- です。
- to be (See Gram. Notes)
- 上手
- skillful, fluent (See Grammar Notes)
- から、
- from (See Gram. Notes)
- ちっとも
- not even a little (See Gram. Notes)
- ほとんど
- almost (See Gram. Notes)
- だ
- to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)
- 時代
- era, period
- げき
- play, drama
Films as cultural education · Dialogue 4 of 4
What foreign films teach
The speakers discuss American films as a source of entertainment and knowledge about other cultures.
*外国の しゅうかんなどを 知るのに、映画は いいですね* means "Movies are good for learning foreign customs, don't you think?"
The reply says films provide education as well as amusement.
Kanji: 英
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 16
ときどきふるいことばをつかいますからね。
That's because they sometimes use obsolete expressions.
時々sometimes古いold言葉wordsをobject使いuseますuseからbecauseね。you see - 17
あなたはアメリカのえいががすきですか。
Do you like American movies?
あなたyouはtopicアメリカAmericaのAmerica's映画moviesがsubject好きlikeですdoか。question - 18
ええ、すきです。えいごはあまりわからないんですが、それでもおもしろいです。
Yes, I like them. I don't understand English too well, but even then, they are interesting.
ええ、yes好きlikeです。do英語Englishはtopicあまりmuchわからunderstandないnotんthe factですisが、butそれthatでevenもevenおもしろいinterestingです。are - 19
がいこくのしゅうかんなどをしるのに、えいがはいいですね。
Movies are good for learning foreign customs, don't you think?
外国foreign countriesのcountries'しゅうかんcustomsなどand suchをobject知るlearnのforに、for映画moviesはtopicいいgoodですareね。right? - 20
ええ、ごらくばかりでなく、ほんとにいいべんきょうになります。
Yes, they are not only an amusement but also provide a really good education.
ええ、yesごらくamusementばかりonlyでbeingなく、notほんとreallyにreallyいいgood勉強educationにintoなりbecomeます。become
- 時々
- sometimes, occasionally
- 古い
- old, antique
- アメリカ
- America; U.S.A.
- 好き
- to like, be fond of (See Grammar Notes)
- おもしろい
- interesting, to be fun
- しゅうかん
- custom, habit
- など
- and so forth, etc.
- 知る
- to know (v.t.)
- に、
- on (See Gram. Notes)
- ごらく
- amusement, recreation
Recent spans of time · Perception drill, Block 1
These last few days
*ここ二三日 さむいです* means "It has been cold these two or three days."
Japanese often uses *ここ* before an approximate span to refer to the period immediately before now.
The final verb sets the time
*ここ一二年 カラーテレビが 安くなりました* means "Color televisions have become cheaper in the past year or two."
The final verb places this change in the period immediately before now.
- 21
ここにさんにちさむいです。
It has been cold these two or three days.
ここpast二三two or three日daysさむいcoldです。has been - 22
ここさんよっか
these three or four days
ここpast三四three or four日days - 23
ここにさんねん
these two or three years
ここpast二三two or three年years - 24
ここいちにねん
these one or two years
ここpast一one or two二one or two年years - 25
ここいちにしゅうかん
these one or two weeks
ここpast一one or two二one or two週間weeks - 26
ここいちにかげつ
these one or two months
ここpast一one or two二one or twoか月months - 27
ここにさんかげつあめがふりません。
It hasn't rained for the past two or three months.
ここpast二三two or threeか月months雨rainがsubject降りhasn't rainedませhasn't rainedん。hasn't rained - 28
ここいちにしゅうかんたいへんいそがしかった。
I've been very busy for the past week or two.
ここpast一one or two二one or two週間weeks大へんveryいそがしかっwas busyた。was busy - 29
ここいちにねんカラーテレビがやすくなりました。
Color televisions have become cheaper in the past year or two.
ここpast一one or two二one or two年yearsカラーcolor televisionテレビcolor televisionがsubject安くbecame cheaperなりbecame cheaperましbecame cheaperた。became cheaper - 30
ここさんよっかいいてんきがつづきましたね。
We've had good weather for the past three or four days, haven't we?
ここpast三three or four四three or four日daysいいgood天気weatherがsubjectつづきcontinuedましcontinuedたcontinuedね。right? - 31
ここにさんにちたいへんあついですね。
It's been very hot for the past two or three days, hasn't it?
ここpast二三two or three日days大へんveryあついhotですisね。right?
- さむい
- cold
- 雨
- rain
- 大へん
- very
- 三
- three
- 四
- four
- 天気
- weather
- あつい
- hot
Informal plans and suggestions · Perception drill, Block 2
A suggestion or decision
*映画に 行こう* means "Let's go to a movie." The ending presents an informal suggestion.
With *私は*, the same form states a decision: *私は 映画に 行こう*, "I'll go to a movie."
The subject sets the meaning
*あの方は 映画に 行こう* means "He will probably go to a movie."
With a third-person subject, the form presents probable action.
Kanji: 話
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 32
えいがにいこう。
Let's go to a movie.
映画movieにto行こう。let's go - 33
わたくしはえいがにいこう。
I'll go to a movie.
私Iはtopic映画movieにto行こう。I'll go - 34
あのかたはえいがにいこう。
He will probably go to a movie.
あのthat方personはtopic映画movieにto行こう。will probably go - 35
もうじゅっぷんまとう。
Let's wait another ten minutes.
もうanother十分ten minutes待とう。let's wait - 36
もうじかんだ。かえろう。
It's time already; let's go home.
もうalready時間timeだ。is帰ろう。let's go home - 37
にほんごではなそう。
Let's speak Japanese.
日本Japanese語Japaneseでin話そう。let's speak - 38
わたくしはにほんへひこうきでとぼう。
I'll fly to Japan by plane.
私Iはtopic日本Japanへtowardひairplaneこうきairplaneでbyとぼう。will fly - 39
こんばんいっしょにべんきょうしよう。
Let's study together tonight.
今晩tonight一しょtogetherにtogether勉強studyしよう。let’s do - 40
くらいからあかりをつけよう。
It's dark, so let's turn on the light.
くらいdarkからbecause明りlightをobjectつけよう。let’s turn on
- もう
- already (See Gram. Notes)
- 時間
- hour, time
- だ。
- to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)
- くらい
- dark
- 明り
- light
Thinking about future actions · Perception drill, Block 3
An action under consideration
*私は 今晩 映画に 行こうと 思います* means "I think I'll go to a movie tonight."
The informal form joins *と 思います* to express the speaker's contemplated action.
Thinking of an action
*私は フランス語を 習おうと 思っています* means "I'm thinking of learning French."
Here *と 思っています* presents the action as an ongoing thought.
- 41
わたくしはこんばんえいがにいこうとおもいます。
I think I'll go to a movie tonight.
私Iはtopic今晩tonight映画movieにto行こうwill goとquote思いthinkます。polite - 42
わたくしはすこしやせようとおもいます。
I think I'll lose a little weight.
私Iはtopic少しa littleやせようwill lose weightとquote思いthinkます。polite - 43
こんばんすきやきをりょうりしようとおもいます。
I think I'll cook sukiyaki tonight.
今晩tonightすきやきsukiyakiをobjectりょうりcookしようcookとquote思いthinkます。polite - 44
こんばんはやくやすもうとおもいます。
I think I'll go to bed early tonight.
今晩tonight早くearly休もうwill go to bedとquote思いthinkます。polite - 45
わたくしはフランスごをならおうとおもっています。
I'm thinking of learning French.
私IはtopicフランスFrench語Frenchをobject習おうwill learnとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいam thinkingます。am thinking - 46
わたくしはゴルフをはじめようとおもっています。
I'm thinking of taking up golf.
私Iはtopicゴルフgolfをobject始めようwill take upとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいam thinkingます。am thinking
- 少し
- little (quantity)
- すきやき
- SUKIYAKI
- ゴルフ
- golf
Describing newly acquired abilities · Perception drill, Block 4
A change that has happened
*あの人は 日本語を 話すように なりました* means "He has reached the point where he speaks Japanese."
A verb before *ように なりました* names the action that has become possible or habitual.
A new ability
*この頃 日本語が 少し わかるように なりました* means "Lately, I've come to understand a little Japanese."
The change can describe a new ability, a repeated action, or a new habit.
- 47
あのひとはにほんごをはなすようになりました。
He has become to speak Japanese." "He has reached the point where he speaks Japanese.
あのthat人personはtopic日本Japanese語Japaneseをobject話すspeakようpoint whereにtoなりbecameましpoliteた。past - 48
スミスさんはにほんへいけるようになりました。
Mr. Smith can now go to Japan.
スミスSmithさんMr.はtopic日本Japanへtoward行けるcan goようable toにtoなりbecameましpoliteた。past - 49
このごろにほんごがすこしわかるようになりました。
Lately, I've come to understand a little Japanese.
このthese days頃these days日本Japanese語Japaneseがsubject少しa littleわかるunderstandようcome toにtoなりbecameましpoliteた。past - 50
わたくしはこのごろなんでもよくわすれるようになりました。
Lately, I've come to forget everything easily.
私Iはtopicこの頃lately何everythingでeverythingもeverythingよくeasilyわすれるforgetようcome toにtoなりbecameましpoliteた。past - 51
パーカーさんはよくべんきょうするようになりました。
Mr. Parker has come to study hard.
パーカーParkerさんMr.はtopicよくhard勉強studyするdoようcome toにtoなりbecameましpoliteた。past - 52
ジョンズさんはかんじがじょうずにかけるようになりました。
Mr. Jones can now write kanji well.
ジョンズJonesさんMr.はtopicかん字kanjiがsubject上手skillfullyにskillfully書けるcan writeようable toにtoなりbecameましpoliteた。past
- 頃
- approximate point of time (See Gram. Notes)
- この頃
- these days, nowadays
- よく
- well, skillfully
- わすれる
- to forget
Acting with intentions and beliefs · Perception drill, Block 5
With an intention
*私は 勉強のつもりで、 この学校に 来ました* means "I came to this school with the intention of studying."
After a noun, *のつもりで* states the intention or idea behind an action.
With an idea or belief
*私は 安い つもりで、 この自動車を 買ったのです* means "I bought this car thinking it was inexpensive."
*つもりで* can also follow a verb, an I-adjective, or a NA-adjective.
Kanji: 女
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 53
わたくしはべんきょうのつもりで、このがっこうにきました。
I came to this school with the intention of studying.
私Iはtopic勉強studyのofつもりintentionで、withこのthis学校schoolにto来comeましpoliteた。past - 54
わたくしはわるいつもりで、そんなことをしませんでした。
I didn't do such a thing with any ill intention.
私Iはtopic悪いbadつもりintentionで、withそんなsuch a事thingをobjectしdoませnot, politeんnot, politeでしpast, politeた。past - 55
あのひとはにほんごがじょうずなつもりでいます。
He thinks (lit: is with an idea) that he is good in Japanese.
あのthat人personはtopic日本Japanese語Japaneseがsubject上手good atなbeingつもりbeliefでwith居isます。polite - 56
わたくしはうんどうのつもりで、ゴルフをやります。
I play golf for exercise.
私Iはtopic運動exerciseのofつもりintentionで、withゴルフgolfをobjectやりplayます。polite - 57
たなかさんはびょうきのつもりでいます。
Mr. Tanaka thinks he is sick.
田中TanakaさんMr.はtopic病気sickのofつもりbeliefでwith居isます。polite - 58
わたくしはやすいつもりで、このじどうしゃをかったのです。
I bought this car thinking it was inexpensive.
私Iはtopic安いinexpensiveつもりbeliefで、withこのthis自動car車carをobject買っbuyたpastのexplanationです。is - 59
あのおんなのひとはじぶんではうつくしいつもりでいるのです。
That woman thinks she is beautiful.
あのthat女womanのwoman人womanはtopic自分herselfでin her own viewはin her own view美しいbeautifulつもりbeliefでwith居るisのexplanationです。is - 60
わたくしはまだわかいつもりでいます。
I still think of myself as young.
私Iはtopicまだstill若いyoungつもりbeliefでwith居amます。polite - 61
やまださんはにほんへいけるつもりでべんきょうしています。
Mr. Yamada is studying in the belief that he can go to Japan.
山田YamadaさんMr.はtopic日本Japanへtoward行けるcan goつもりbeliefでwith勉強am studyingしam studyingてam studyingいam studyingます。am studying
- 車
- vehicle, car
- 女
- female
- 自分
- self
Changes over recent periods · Pattern 1 1 of 2
A state over a recent span
In *ここ二三日 やわらかい 物ばかり 食べています*, *ここ二三日* places a continuing action within the recent past.
*ここ二三日 やわらかい 物ばかり 食べています* means "For the past two or three days, I've been eating nothing but soft foods."
A change during the span
*スミスさんは ここ一二か月の 間に 会話が 大へん 上手に なりました* describes a change during the past month or two.
The recent span can frame either a continuing state or a completed change.
- 62
ここいちにねんあまりふえていません。
It hasn't increased too much these one or two years.
ここpast一one二two年yearsあまりtoo muchふえhasn't increasedてhasn't increasedいhasn't increasedませhasn't increasedん。hasn't increased - 63
ここにさんにちやわらかいものばかりたべています。
For the past two or three days, I've been eating nothing but soft foods.
ここpast二三two or three日daysやわらかいsoft物foodsばかりnothing but食べhave been eatingてhave been eatingいhave been eatingます。have been eating - 64
ここにさんねんしょくりょうひんがたいへんたかくなりました。
Groceries have become very expensive in the past two or three years.
ここpast二三two or three年years食料groceries品groceriesがsubject大へんvery高くexpensiveなりbecomeましpoliteた。past - 65
ここいちにしゅうかんべんきょうがたいへんいそがしくなりました。
My studies have become very demanding in the past week or two.
ここpast一one二two週間weeks勉強studiesがsubject大へんveryいそがしくdemandingなりbecomeましpoliteた。past - 66
スミスさんはここいちにかげつのあいだにかいわがたいへんじょうずになりました。
Mr. Smith has become very good at conversation in the past month or two.
スミスSmithさんMr.はtopicここpast一one二twoか月monthsのof間periodにin会話conversationがsubject大へんvery上手skillfulにintoなりbecameましpoliteた。past - 67
わたくしはここにさんにちかぜをひいています。
I've had a cold for the past two or three days.
私Iはtopicここpast二三two or three日daysかぜcoldをobjectひいhave hadてhave hadいhave hadます。have had
- やわらかい
- soft, tender
- かぜ
- wind
Measuring recent changes · Pattern 1 2 of 2
How much changed
*ここ二三年の 間に 前の 倍に なりました* means "It has doubled in size over the past two or three years."
The *ここ* span states the period, while *前の 倍* gives the amount of change.
A measured increase
*ここ二三か月の 間に 十ポンドぐらい ふとりました* means "I've gained about ten pounds in the past two or three months."
*の 間に* places the measured change inside the recent span.
- 68
このまちはずいぶんおおきくなりましたね。
This town has grown considerably, hasn't it?
このthis町townはtopicずい分considerably大きくlargeなりbecomeましpoliteたpastね。right? - 69
ええ、ここにさんねんのあいだにまえのばいになりました。
Yes, it has doubled in size over the past two or three years.
ええ、yesここpast二三two or three年yearsのof間periodにin前beforeのof倍doubleにintoなりbecameましpoliteた。past - 70
あなたのみせはずいぶんいそがしそうですね。
Your store seems very busy, doesn't it?
あなたyouの's店storeはtopicずい分veryいそがしbusyそうseemsですisね。right? - 71
ええ、ここにしゅうかんぐらい、ずいぶんいそがしいです。
Yes, we've been very busy for about the past two weeks.
ええ、yesここpast二two週間weeksぐらい、aboutずい分veryいそがしいbusyです。is - 72
あなたはこのごろ、ずいぶんふとってきましたね。
You've gained quite a bit of weight lately, haven't you?
あなたyouはtopicこの頃、latelyずい分quite a bitふとっgain weightてgain weight来come toましpoliteたpastね。right? - 73
ええ、ここにさんかげつのあいだにじゅっポンドぐらいふとりました。
Yes, I've gained about ten pounds in the past two or three months.
ええ、yesここpast二三two or threeか月monthsのof間periodにin十tenポンドpoundsぐらいaboutふとりgain weightましpoliteた。past
- 町
- town
- ずい分
- very much
- 店
- store, shop
- ぐらい、
- about
- いそがしい
- busy
- この頃、
- these days, nowadays
- 十
- ten
Informal decisions and predictions · Pattern 2 1 of 3
Decision, invitation, or prediction
*私は 今晩 映画に 行こう* means "I'll go to a movie tonight." It states the speaker's decision.
*スミスさんは 明日も 行こう* predicts: "Mr. Smith will probably go tomorrow, too."
An invitation without a subject
*田中さんが 来るまで 待とう* means "Let's wait until Mr. Tanaka comes."
Without an expressed subject, the form can invite joint action.
- 74
まちへいこう
Let's go to town.
町townへtoward行こうlet's go - 75
わたくしはこんばんえいがにいこう。
I'll go to a movie tonight.
私Iはtopic今晩tonight映画movieにto行こう。will go - 76
スミスさんはあしたもいこう。
Mr. Smith will probably go tomorrow, too.
スミスSmithさんMr.はtopic明日tomorrowもtoo行こう。will probably go - 77
さむいからすこしのもう。
It's cold, so let's have a little to drink.
さむいcoldからbecause少しa little飲もう。let's drink - 78
たなかさんがくるまでまとう。
Let's wait until Mr. Tanaka comes.
田中TanakaさんMr.がsubject来るcomesまでuntil待とう。let's wait - 79
さあ、はじめよう。
Well, let's begin.
さあ、well始めよう。let's begin - 80
あめがふるから、くさがのびよう。
It will rain, so the grass will grow.
雨rainがsubject降るwill fallから、because草grassがsubjectのびよう。will grow
- 明日
- tomorrow
- まで
- as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)
- 降る
- to fall (rain) (v.i.)
Making plans for tonight · Pattern 2 2 of 3
Proposing an evening plan
In *何時頃 家を 出ようか*, the informal ending proposes a time for leaving home.
The line asks about the time as part of making an evening plan.
Settling the plan
*映画でも 見に 行こうよ* proposes "Let's go see a movie or something."
*七時少し 前に 出かけよう* settles the time: "Let's leave a little before seven."
- 81
わたくしはこんばんはべんきょうしよう。
I'll study tonight.
私Iはtopic今晩はtonight勉強studyしよう。will do - 82
こんばんはあめがふろう。
It will probably rain tonight.
今晩はtonight雨rainがsubject降ろう。will probably fall - 83
こんばんはどうするか。
What shall we do tonight?
今晩はtonightどうwhatするdoか。question - 84
えいがでもみにいこうよ。
Let's go see a movie or something.
映画movieでor somethingもor something見seeにto行こうlet's goよ。I tell you - 85
なんじごろいえをでようか。
About what time shall we leave home?
何時頃about what time家homeをobject出ようshall leaveか。question - 86
しちじすこしまえにでかけよう。
Let's leave a little before seven.
七seven o’clock時seven o’clock少しa little前beforeにat出かけよう。let's leave - 87
やまださんもさそおうか。
Shall we invite Mr. Yamada too?
山田YamadaさんMr.もtooさそおうshall inviteか。question
- 家
- house, home
- 七
- seven
- 時
- time
Forming casual suggestions · Pattern 2 3 of 3
From an action to a suggestion
*フランス語を 習う* becomes *フランス語を 習おう*, "Let's learn French."
The changed ending makes the action a casual suggestion or resolution.
Agreeing to the plan
*ええ、 そうしよう* agrees with the proposed action.
Here *しよう* presents a joint resolution.
- 88
ええ、そうしよう。
Yes, let's do that.
ええ、yesそうthatしよう。let's do - 89
フランスごをならう――→フランスごをならおう。
Learn French → Let's learn French.
フランスFrench語languageをobject習う――→learnフランスFrench語languageをobject習おう。let's learn - 90
らいしゅうからてつだいます。
I'll help starting next week.
来週next weekからfrom手つだいhelpます。polite - 91
これをやると、こどもはよろこぶ。
If I give this to the child, the child will be pleased.
これthisをobjectやるgiveと、if子供childはtopicよろこぶ。be pleased - 92
じどうしゃをなおします。
I'll repair the car.
自動car車carをobjectなおしrepairます。polite - 93
こどももつれていきます。
I'll take the child along too.
子供childもalsoつれtake alongてand行きgoます。polite - 94
しまむらさんのあたらしいいえにいってみる。
I'll go and see Mr. Shimamura's new house.
島村ShimamuraさんMr.の's新しいnew家houseにto行っgoてand見る。see
- 来週
- next week
- やる
- to do
- よろこぶ。
- to rejoice, be delighted
Thinking about future plans · Pattern 3 1 of 2
A plan under consideration
*私は 来年 日本へ 行こうと 思っています* means "I am thinking of going to Japan next year."
The informal form joins *と 思っています* to present a plan under consideration.
The planned action comes first
In *学校に のこって 勉強しようと 思っています*, *勉強しよう* names the contemplated action.
The complete line means "I'm thinking of staying at school and studying today."
- 95
にほんはがいこくへえいがをゆしゅつしようとおもっています。
Japan is thinking of exporting movie films to foreign countries.
日本Japanはtopic外国foreign countriesへtoward映画moviesをobjectゆexportしゅexportつexportしようintend to doとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいam thinkingます。am thinking - 96
きょうはがっこうにのこってべんきょうしようとおもっています。
I'm thinking of staying at school and studying today.
今日todayはtopic学校schoolにatのこっstayてand勉強studyしようplan to doとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいam thinkingます。am thinking - 97
ここにくさばなをうえようとおもっています。
I'm thinking of planting flowers here.
ここhereにat草花flowersをobjectうえようplan to plantとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいam thinkingます。am thinking - 98
きょうはつかれたから、はやくやすもうとおもっています。
I'm tired today, so I'm thinking of going to bed early.
今日todayはtopicつかtiredれtiredたpastから、because早くearly休もうplan to sleepとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいam thinkingます。am thinking - 99
がっこうにちかいところにいえをさがそうとおもっています。
I'm thinking of looking for a house near the school.
学校schoolにto近いnear所placeにin家houseをobjectさがそうplan to seekとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいam thinkingます。am thinking - 100
わたくしはらいねんにほんへいこうとおもっています。
I am thinking of going to Japan next year.
私Iはtopic来年next year日本Japanへtoward行こうplan to goとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいam thinkingます。am thinking - 101
あなたのおこさんはにほんごができますか。
Can your child speak Japanese?
あなたyouの'sおchild子childさんchildはtopic日本Japanese語Japaneseがsubject出来canますpoliteか。question - 102
できないんです。それで、おしえようとおもっているんです。
No. So I am thinking of teaching my child.
出来canないnotんthe fact isです。isそれthatで、soおしえようplan to teachとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいるam thinkingんthe fact isです。is - 103
あなたはにほんへいってからも、にほんごのべんきょうをつづけるつもりですか。
Do you intend to continue studying Japanese even after you go to Japan?
あなたyouはtopic日本Japanへtoward行っgoてandからafterも、even日本Japanese語Japaneseの's勉強studyをobjectつづけるcontinueつもりintendですisか。question - 104
はい、つづけようとおもっています。
Yes, I am thinking of continuing.
はい、yesつづけようplan to continueとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいam thinkingます。am thinking
- 今日
- today
- 草花
- flowering plant, flower
- 近い
- near, close
- 所
- address, place
- つづける
- to continue (v.t.)
Comparing plans and intentions · Pattern 3 2 of 2
A stated future action
*明日 行きます* means "I will go tomorrow." It states the future action directly.
A contemplated intention
In *明日 行こうと 思います*, the informal ending plus *と 思います* presents the action as contemplated.
*明日 行こうと 思います* means "I am thinking of going tomorrow."
- 105
おくさんのたんじょうびに、なにかかってあげるのですか。
Are you going to buy your wife something for her birthday?
奥wifeさんwifeの'sたんじょうbirthday日birthdayに、on何somethingかsomething買っbuyてand上げるgiveのthe factですisか。question - 106
ええ、うでどけいをかってやろうとおもっています。
Yes, I am thinking of buying her a wristwatch.
ええ、yesうでwristwatch時計wristwatchをobject買っbuyてandやろうgive herとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいam thinkingます。am thinking - 107
あしたいきます。
I will go tomorrow.
明日tomorrow行きgoます。polite - 108
あしたいこうとおもいます。
I am thinking of going tomorrow.
明日tomorrow行こうplan to goとquote思いthinkます。polite - 109
フランスえいがをみにいきます。
I am going to see a French movie.
フランスFrench映画movieをobject見seeにto行きgoます。polite - 110
あしたのあさはろくじにでかけます。
I will leave at six tomorrow morning.
明日tomorrowの's朝morningはtopic六six時o'clockにat出かけleaveます。polite - 111
ねつがさがらなければ、いしゃにかかります。
If my fever does not go down, I will see a doctor.
ねつfeverがsubjectさがらgo downなけれnotば、if医者doctorにtoかかりseeます。polite - 112
はちじごろかえります。
I will return around eight o'clock.
八eight時o'clock頃around帰りreturnます。polite - 113
ことしあたらしいのをかいます。
I will buy a new one this year.
今年this year新しいnewのoneをobject買いbuyます。polite
- か
- either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
- 上げる
- to give (to a superior) (v.t.)
- 朝
- morning
- 六
- six
- ねつ
- fever
- 医者
- medical doctor
- 八
- eight
- 今年
- this year
Describing newly formed habits · Pattern 4 1 of 2
A new ability
*日本語が わかるように なりました* means "I have learned to understand Japanese."
Here *ように なりました* marks a change into a new ability.
A new repeated action
*あかんぼうは 歩くように なりました* means "The baby has started walking."
The verb before *ように なりました* names the action that now occurs.
- 114
にほんごがわかるようになりました。
I have learned to (become to) understand Japanese.
日本Japanese語Japaneseがsubjectわかるunderstandようcome toにtoなりbecomeましpoliteた。past - 115
あかんぼうはあるくようになりました。
The baby has started walking.
あかんぼうbabyはtopic歩くwalkようcome toにtoなりbecomeましpoliteた。past - 116
あのかたはさかなをたべるようになりました。
That person has started eating fish.
あのthat方personはtopicさかなfishをobject食べるeatようcome toにtoなりbecomeましpoliteた。past - 117
パーカーさんはあまりあそばないようになりました。
Mr. Parker does not go out for fun very much anymore.
パーカーParkerさんMr.はtopicあまりvery muchあそばgo outないnotようcome toにtoなりbecomeましpoliteた。past - 118
ジョンズさんはあさはやくおきるようになりました。
Mr. Jones has started getting up early in the morning.
ジョンズJonesさんMr.はtopic朝morning早くearlyおきるget upようcome toにtoなりbecomeましpoliteた。past - 119
わたくしはすこしさけをのむようになりました。
I have started drinking a little sake.
私Iはtopic少しa littleさけsakeをobject飲むdrinkようcome toにtoなりbecomeましpoliteた。past - 120
スミスさんはこのごろよくできるようになりましたね。
Mr. Smith has gotten quite good lately, hasn't he?
スミスSmithさんMr.はtopicこの頃latelyよくwell出来るdo wellようcome toにtoなりbecomeましpoliteたpastね。right?
- あかんぼう
- baby
- さかな
- fish
- おきる
- to rise, get up (v.i.)
- 出来る
- to be manufactured; to be produced (v.i.)
Changes in habits over time · Pattern 4 2 of 2
A habit that begins
The *ように なりました* in *パーカーさんは この頃 よく 飲むように なりましたね* marks a newly formed habit.
*パーカーさんは この頃 よく 飲むように なりましたね* means "Mr. Parker has started drinking a lot lately, hasn't he?"
Change over time
*年よりになると、 何でも わすれるように なりますね* describes a behavior that begins when people grow old.
The circumstances come first, followed by the behavior that starts.
- 121
ええ、このごろよくべんきょうしますからね。
Yes, because he studies hard these days.
ええ、yesこの頃latelyよくhard勉強studyしdoますpoliteからbecauseね。right? - 122
としよりになると、なんでもわすれるようになりますね。
When people get old, they start forgetting everything, don't they?
年よりold personにintoなるbecomeと、when何everythingでeverythingもeverythingわすれるforgetようcome toにtoなりbecomeますpoliteね。right? - 123
ええ、わたくしなどもよくわすれますよ。
Yes, even I often forget things.
ええ、yes私Iなどsomeone likeもevenよくoftenわすれforgetますpoliteよ。I tell you - 124
パーカーさんはこのごろよくのむようになりましたね。
Mr. Parker has started drinking a lot lately, hasn't he?
パーカーParkerさんMr.はtopicこの頃latelyよくa lot飲むdrinkようcome toにtoなりbecomeましpoliteたpastね。right? - 125
このごろではありません。まえからよくのんでいましたよ。
It isn't just lately. He has been drinking a lot for a long time.
このthese days頃these daysでisはcontrastありbeませpoliteん。not前beforeからfromよくa lot飲んhad been drinkingでhad been drinkingいhad been drinkingましhad been drinkingたhad been drinkingよ。I tell you - 126
あかんぼうはきのうから
The baby, since yesterday...
あかんぼうbabyはtopic昨日yesterdayからsince - 127
あるくようになりました。
Has started walking.
歩くwalkようcome toにtoなりbecomeましpoliteた。past
- 昨日
- yesterday
Acting with an intention · Pattern 5 1 of 2
The intention behind an action
*私は 日本語を 習うつもりで、 この学校に 来ました* means "I came to this school with the intention of learning Japanese."
Here *つもりで* states the intention accompanying the action.
A belief about a thing
*この やさいは 新しい つもりで 私は 買いました* means "I bought these vegetables thinking they were fresh."
Here the I-adjective before *つもりで* states a belief, not a purpose.
- 128
わたくしはべんきょうのつもりでえいがをみにいきます。
I go to see a movie with the intention of learning something.
私Iはtopic勉強studyのofつもりintentionでwith映画movieをobject見seeにto行きgoます。polite - 129
わたくしはにほんごをならうつもりで、このがっこうにきました。
I came to this school with the intention of learning Japanese.
私Iはtopic日本Japanese語Japaneseをobject習うlearnつもりintentionで、withこのthis学校schoolにto来comeましpoliteた。past - 130
あのひとはわかいつもりであそんでいます。
He thinks (is playing with the idea) that he is young.
あのthat人personはtopic若いyoungつもりbeliefでwithあそんis playingでis playingいis playingます。is playing - 131
わたくしはうんどうのつもりでさんぽしています。
I take walks for exercise.
私Iはtopic運動exerciseのofつもりintentionでwith散歩take walksしtake walksてtake walksいtake walksます。take walks - 132
わたくしはにほんごのべんきょうをつづけるつもりでにほんへいきます。
I am going to Japan with the intention of continuing my Japanese studies.
私Iはtopic日本Japanese語Japaneseの's勉強studyをobjectつづけるcontinueつもりintentionでwith日本Japanへtoward行きgoます。polite - 133
わたくしはやせるつもりでうんどうしています。
I exercise with the intention of losing weight.
私Iはtopicやせるlose weightつもりintentionでwith運動exerciseしexerciseてexerciseいexerciseます。exercise - 134
わたくしはあしたのあさろくじごろでかけるつもりでいます。
I intend to leave around six tomorrow morning.
私Iはtopic明日tomorrowの's朝morning六six時o'clock頃around出かけるleaveつもりintentionでwithいbeます。polite - 135
このやさいはあたらしいつもりでわたくしはかいました。
I bought these vegetables thinking they were fresh.
このtheseやさいvegetablesはtopic新しいfreshつもりbeliefでwith私Iはtopic買いbuyましpoliteた。past
- やせる
- to lose weight (v.i.)
- やさい
- vegetable
Asking someone's purpose · Pattern 5 2 of 2
Asking the purpose
*あなたは 何のつもりで、 サンフランシスコへ 行くのですか* means "What are you going to San Francisco for?"
In *何のつもりで*, *何* combines with *つもりで* to ask the purpose behind an action.
Keeping an idea in mind
*そのつもりで 勉強しなさいよ* means "keep that in mind when you study."
Here *その* refers to the stated fact that tomorrow's section is difficult.
- 136
わたくしはじょうずなつもりでゴルフをやっているのです。
I play golf thinking that I am good at it.
私Iはtopic上手skilledなisつもりbeliefでwithゴルフgolfをobjectやっplayてplayいるplayのthe factです。is - 137
あしたのところはむずかしいから、そのつもりでべんきょうしなさいよ。
Tomorrow's section is difficult, so keep that in mind when you study.
明日tomorrowの'sところsectionはtopicむずかしいdifficultから、becauseそのthatつもりunderstandingでwith勉強studyしdoなさいpleaseよ。I tell you - 138
はい、かしこまりました。
Yes, I understand.
はい、yesかしこまりunderstandましpoliteた。past - 139
あなたはなんのつもりで、サンフランシスコへいくのですか。
What are you going to San Francisco for?
あなたyouはtopic何whatのofつもりpurposeで、withサンフランシスコSan Franciscoへtoward行くgoのexplanationですisか。question - 140
かいもののつもりでいきます。
I am going there to shop.
買物shoppingのofつもりpurposeでwith行きgoます。polite - 141
たなかさんはきょうもしごとをやすんでいるのですか。
Is Mr. Tanaka absent from work again today?
田中TanakaさんMr.はtopic今日todayもagain仕事workをobject休んis absentでis absentいるis absentのexplanationですisか。question - 142
ええ、あのひとはびょうきではないのですが、じぶんではびょうきのつもりでいるらしいんです。
Yes, he isn't sick, but he apparently thinks he is.
ええ、yesあのthat人personはtopic病気sickでisはtopicないnotのexplanationですisが、but自分himselfでin his viewはtopic病気sickのofつもりbeliefでas居るthinksらしいapparentlyんexplanationです。is
- ところ
- place (See Gram. Notes)
- むずかしい
- difficult
- サンフランシスコ
- San Francisco
- 買物
- shopping
- が、
- but (See Gram. Notes)
Japan's growing film industry · Reading Selection 1 of 2
Recognition for Japanese films
The passage describes the growth of Japanese cinema and its success at international festivals.
In *しょうを もらうように なって*, the *ように なって* pattern marks the new practice of winning awards.
Films sent abroad
Japanese color films gain popularity for their beauty.
*映画会社は よい 映画を 作って 外国とくに アメリカ、英国、フランス、ドイツなどに ゆしゅつしています* names the main foreign markets.
- 143
にほんにはえいがにいくひとがおおぜいいます。
There are many people in Japan who go to the movies.
日本Japanにinはtopic映画moviesにto行くgo人peopleがsubject大ぜいmany居existます。polite - 144
そのために、せんきゅうひゃくごじゅうねんごろからえいがかんがどん〳〵ふえてきました。
For that reason, the number of movie theaters began to increase steadily around 1950.
そのfor that reasonためfor that reasonに、for that reason千one thousand九百nine hundred五十fifty年year頃aroundからfrom映画movie theater館movie theaterがsubjectどん〳〵steadilyふえincreaseてand来beganましpoliteた。past - 145
えいがをつくるかいしゃもおおくなりました。
The number of companies making movies also increased.
映画moviesをobject作るmake会社companiesもalso多くnumerousなりbecameましpoliteた。past - 146
えいがもよいのがおおく、イタリー、フランスなどのえいがさいでしょうをもらうようになって、にほんえいがのひょうばんはきゅうによくなりました。
There were many good movies, and as they began winning awards at film festivals in Italy, France, and other countries, the reputation of Japanese movies quickly improved.
映画moviesもalsoよいgoodのonesがsubject多く、manyイタリー、ItalyフランスFranceなどand othersのof映画film festivalさいfilm festivalでatしょうawardsをobjectもらうreceiveようcome toにtoなっbecameて、and日本Japanese映画moviesのofひょうばんreputationはtopicきゅうquicklyにquicklyよくbetterなりbecameましpoliteた。past - 147
またにほんのてんねんいろえいがはがいこくのにくらべてじつにうつくしく、にんきがいいです。
Also, compared with foreign color films, Japanese color films are truly beautiful and popular.
又also日本Japaneseのof天colorねんcolor色color映画filmsはtopic外国foreignのonesにwithくらべcompareてandじつtrulyにtruly美しく、beautiful人気popularityがsubjectいいgoodです。is - 148
それでえいがかいしゃはよいえいがをつくってがいこくとくにアメリカ、えいこく、フランス、ドイツなどにゆしゅつしています。
Therefore, movie companies make good movies and export them abroad, especially to the United States, Britain, France, Germany, and other countries.
それthereforeでtherefore映画movie company会社movie companyはtopicよいgood映画moviesをobject作っmakeてand外国abroadとくにespeciallyアメリカ、United States英国、Britainフランス、FranceドイツGermanyなどand othersにtoゆexportしゅexportつexportしdoてongoingいongoingます。polite - 149
にほんにはまた、がいこくのえいががたくさんきています。
Many foreign movies also come to Japan.
日本Japanにinはtopic又、also外国foreignのof映画moviesがsubject沢山many来comeてare comingいare comingます。polite
- 大ぜい
- crowd (of people)
- 千
- 1,000
- 九百
- 900
- 五十
- 50
- 作る
- to raise, to make
- しょう
- award, reward
- もらう
- to receive (tangible things)
- アメリカ、
- America; U.S.A.
- 英国、
- England
Foreign films and television · Reading Selection 2 of 2
Television and movie theaters
The passage moves from imported films and language study to the rapid growth of television.
In *ここ一二年 映画館は ふえていません*, *ここ一二年* marks the recent span when movie theaters stopped increasing.
A change in viewing habits
*人々は 見に 行かない ように なりました* means "People no longer go to see a movie."
The *ように なりました* pattern marks the changed habit, which applies unless the film is quite good.
- 150
べいこく、
The United States,
米国、United States - 151
えいこく、フランス、ドイツ、イタリー、ソれんなどでつくったえいががおおいです。
There are many movies made in Britain, France, Germany, Italy, the Soviet Union, and other countries.
英国、Britainフランス、Franceドイツ、Germanyイタリー、ItalyソSoviet UnionれんSoviet Unionなどand othersでin作っmadeたpast映画moviesがsubject多いmanyです。are - 152
ですから、おおきなしにすんでいると、いろいろのがいこくえいがをみることができるので、がいこくごをならっているひとには、いいべんきょうになります。
Therefore, if you live in a large city, you can see various foreign movies, so they are good study for people learning foreign languages.
ですisから、because大きなlarge市cityにin住んliveでliveいるliveと、if色々variousのof外国foreign movies映画foreign moviesをobject見るsee事actがsubject出来るcanのbecauseで、because外国foreign language語foreign languageをobject習っlearnてare learningいるare learning人peopleにtoは、topicいいgood勉強studyにintoなりbecomeます。polite - 153
せんきゅうひゃくろくじゅうねんごろからテレビがどん〳〵ふえてきました。
Television sets began to increase steadily around 1960.
千one thousand九百nine hundred六十sixty年year頃aroundからfromテレビtelevisionsがsubjectどん〳〵steadilyふえincreaseてand来beganましpoliteた。past - 154
それで、えいがにいくひともすくなくなったので、ここいちにねんえいがかんはふえていません。
As a result, fewer people went to the movies, so the number of movie theaters has not increased in the past one or two years.
それas a resultで、as a result映画moviesにto行くgo人peopleもalso少くfewerなっbecameたpastのbecauseで、becauseここpast一one二two年years映画movie theater館movie theaterはtopicふえincreaseてongoingいongoingませnot, politeん。not, polite - 155
えいがもかなりよいのでないと、ひとびとはみにいかないようになりました。
People no longer go to see a movie unless it is quite good.
映画moviesもtopicかなりquiteよいgoodのexplanationでisないnotと、if人々peopleはtopic見seeにto行かgoないnotようwayにtoなりbecameましpoliteた。past
- 大きな
- big, large (See Gram. Notes)
- 六十
- 60
- かなり
- fairly
- 人々
- people
Japanese films abroad · Questions 1 of 2
Japanese films abroad
The questions ask about cinema growth, festival awards, reputation, color films, and export markets.
*日本の 映画も 外国の 映画さいで、 しょうを もらいますか* means "Do Japanese movies also win awards at foreign film festivals?"
An answer states the fact from the reading in a complete sentence.
- 156
にほんにはえいがにいくひとがおおいですか。
Are there many people in Japan who go to the movies?
日本Japanにinはtopic映画moviesにto行くgo人peopleがsubject多いmanyですareか。question - 157
せんきゅうひゃくごじゅうねんごろからえいがかんはきゅうにおおくなりましたか。
Did the number of movie theaters increase rapidly around 1950?
千one thousand九百nine hundred五十fifty年year頃aroundからfrom映画movie theater館movie theaterはtopicきゅうrapidlyにrapidly多くnumerousなりbecameましpoliteたpastか。question - 158
にほんのえいがもがいこくのえいがさいで、しょうをもらいますか。
Do Japanese movies also win awards at foreign film festivals?
日本Japaneseのof映画moviesもalso外国foreignのof映画film festivalさいfilm festivalで、atしょうawardsをobjectもらいreceiveますpoliteか。question - 159
にほんえいがはがいこくでもひょうばんがいいですか。
Do Japanese movies have a good reputation abroad, too?
日本Japanese映画moviesはtopic外国abroadでatもalsoひょうばんreputationがsubjectいいgoodですisか。question - 160
にほんのてんねんいろえいがはとくにうつくしいですか。
Are Japanese color films especially beautiful?
日本Japaneseのof天colorねんcolor色color映画filmsはtopicとくにespecially美しいbeautifulですareか。question - 161
にほんではどこへえいがをゆしゅつしていますか。
Where does Japan export movies to?
日本Japanでinはtopicどこwhereへtoward映画moviesをobjectゆexportしゅexportつexportしdoてongoingいongoingますpoliteか。question
Foreign films and television audiences · Questions 2 of 2
Foreign films and television
The questions ask where films come from, how they support language study, and how television changed cinema attendance.
*外国映画は 外国語の 勉強に なりますか* means "Do foreign movies help you study foreign languages?"
An answer gives the reading's information in a complete sentence.
- 162
にほんはどこからえいがをゆにゅうしますか。
Where does Japan import movies from?
日本Japanはtopicどこwhereからfrom映画moviesをobjectゆimportにゅうimportしdoますpoliteか。question - 163
にほんではちいさいまちでもがいこくのえいがをじょうえいしますか。
Are foreign movies shown even in small towns in Japan?
日本Japanでinはtopic小さいsmall町townsでinもeven外国foreignのof映画moviesをobject上映showしdoますpoliteか。question - 164
がいこくえいがはがいこくごのべんきょうになりますか。
Do foreign movies help you study foreign languages?
外国foreign movies映画foreign moviesはtopic外国foreign language語foreign languageのof勉強studyにintoなりbecomeますpoliteか。question - 165
にほんにはテレビがおおいですか。
Are there many television sets in Japan?
日本Japanにinはtopicテレビtelevisionsがsubject多いmanyですareか。question - 166
いつごろからテレビがおおくなりましたか。
About when did television sets become common?
いつ頃about whenからfromテレビtelevisionsがsubject多くcommonなりbecameましpoliteたpastか。question - 167
にほんではこのごろえいがにいくひとがふえていますか。
Have more people been going to the movies in Japan lately?
日本Japanでinはtopicこの頃lately映画moviesにto行くgo人peopleがsubjectふえincreaseてongoingいongoingますpoliteか。question
- 上映
- showing (movie)
Cinema and television words · Word list 1 of 4
Cinema and television
These words cover places, media, film production, and performers.
*映画館* means "movie theater", *テレビ* means "television", and *はいゆう* means "actor."
The group also includes words for mood, color, reputation, companies, and popular stars.
- 168
えいがかん
movie theater
映画館movie theater - 169
ごらく
amusement, recreation
ごらくamusement - 170
テレビ
television
テレビtelevision - 171
カラーテレビ
color television
カラーテレビcolor television - 172
きぶん
feeling
気分feeling - 173
てんねんいろ
technicolor, natural color
天ねん色natural color - 174
ひょうばん
reputation
ひょうばんreputation - 175
かいしゃ
company, firm
会社company - 176
はいゆう
actor
はいゆうactor - 177
にんきスター
popular star
人気スターpopular star
- 映画館
- movie theater
- カラーテレビ
- color television
- 天ねん色
- technicolor, natural color
- はいゆう
- actor
- 人気スター
- popular star
Film people and customs · Word list 2 of 4
Film people and formats
These words cover film personnel, film formats, customs, and changes in number.
*かんとく* means "director", *カラー映画* means "color movie", and *白黒映画* means "black and white movie."
Kanji: 黒
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 178
しゅえん
main character, featured
しゅえんstarring role - 179
かんとく
director, superintendent
かんとくdirector - 180
な
name
名name - 181
しゅうかん
custom, habit
しゅうかんcustom - 182
カラーえいが
color movie
カラー映画color movie - 183
しろくろえいが
black and white movie
白黒映画black-and-white movie - 184
えいこく
England
英国England - 185
じょゆう
actress
女ゆうactress - 186
へる
to decrease
へるdecrease - 187
ならぶ
to line up
ならぶline up
- しゅえん
- main character, featured
- カラー映画
- color movie
- 白黒映画
- black and white movie
- 英国
- England
- 女ゆう
- actress
- ならぶ
- to line up
Words for change and intention · Word list 3 of 4
Change and intention
These expressions cover recent spans, contemplated actions, intentions, appearance, and changed abilities.
*ここ一二年* means "these one or two years", and *--のつもりで* means "with the intention of."
*ようになります* describes beginning an action or becoming able to perform it.
- 188
しゅえんする
to play a feature part in a play
しゅえんするplay a feature role - 189
きゅうに
suddenly
きゅうにsuddenly - 190
どんどん
rapidly
どんどんrapidly - 191
じつに
really, truly
じつにreally - 192
なるべく
as much as possible
なるべくas much as possible - 193
ここいちにねん
these one or two years (See Grammar Notes)
ここ一二年these past two years - 194
--ようとおもう
thinking of --- (See Grammar Notes)
--ようと思うthinking of doing - 195
よさそう
appears good
よさそうappears good - 196
--のつもりで
with the intention of --
--のつもりでintending to - 197
ようになります
to begin to --; become so that he will --- (See Grammar Notes)
ようになりますbegin to
- しゅえんする
- to play a feature part in a play
- きゅうに
- suddenly
- どんどん
- rapidly
- じつに
- really, truly
- ここ一二年
- these one or two years (See Grammar Notes)
- --ようと思う
- thinking of --- (See Grammar Notes)
- よさそう
- appears good
- --のつもりで
- with the intention of --
- ようになります
- to begin to --; become so that he will --- (See Grammar Notes)
Describing film and television trends · Word list 4 of 4
Film and television trends
These examples describe current film production, television growth, film releases, and learning through repeated viewing.
*この頃、 カラーテレビが どんどん ふえています* means "Color television sets have increased rapidly in number these days."
*映画を たびたび 見ると、言葉が わかるようになります* describes learning to understand words by seeing films often.
- 198
ふうきりになる
to be released (film)
ふうきりになるbe released - 199
このごろはカラーえいががおおいです。
There are many color movies these days.
この頃はカラー映画が多いです。many color movies nowadays - 200
このごろはしろくろ、えいがはあまりつくりません。
They don't make too many black and white movies these days.
この頃は白黒、映画はあまり作りません。few black-and-white movies nowadays - 201
このごろ、カラーテレビがどんどんふえています。
Color television sets have increased rapidly in number these days.
この頃、カラーテレビがどんどんふえています。color televisions increasing rapidly - 202
えいがをたびたびみると、ことばがわかるようになります。
If you see movies often, you'll learn to understand words.
映画をたびたび見ると、言葉がわかるようになります。movies teach word comprehension - 203
こんどアメリカえいががにほんでふうきりになります。
This time an American movie will be released in Japan.
今度アメリカ映画が日本でふうきりになります。American movie released Japan - 204
にほんのにんきじょゆうはやまもとふじこ、きょうまちこ、つかさようこ、ばいしょうちえこなどです。
Japanese popular actresses are Fujiko Yamamoto, Machiko Kyoo, Yooko Tsukasa, Chieko Baishoo, etc.
日本の人気女ゆうは山本ふじ子、京まち子、司よう子、ばいしょうちえ子などです。popular Japanese actresses etc.
- ふうきりになる
- to be released (film)
- この頃はカラー映画が多いです。
- "There are many color movies these days."
- この頃は白黒、映画はあまり作りません。
- "They don't make too many black and white movies these days."
- この頃、カラーテレビがどんどんふえています。
- "Color television sets have increased rapidly in number these days."
- 映画をたびたび見ると、言葉がわかるようになります。
- "If you see movies often, you'll learn to understand words."
- 今度アメリカ映画が日本でふうきりになります。
- "This time an American movie will be released in Japan."
- 日本の人気女ゆうは山本ふじ子、京まち子、司よう子、ばいしょうちえ子などです。
- "Japanese popular actresses are Fujiko Yamamoto, Machiko Kyoo, Yooko Tsukasa, Chieko Baishoo, etc."
The particulars
- The course
- Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours.
- Reading aloud
- Digital narration, directed by 1732 Studios.
- The book
- Botchan, the work this course leads to, free to read here.
- Data
- JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents