Japanese Basic Course 1732 Studios

Japanese · Lesson 48

Lesson 48

Kanji and everyday Japanese

171 lines

Starting the school day · Dialogue 1 of 4

The first hour

The speakers discuss the school day, from its starting time to the length of each class.

*一時間目に ダイアログを あんしょうしなければ なりません*, "We have to recite a dialogue during the first hour."

The object of reciting

In *ダイアログを あんしょうしなければ なりません*, the particle *を* follows the direct object of the verb.

The dialogue is what the students must recite, so *を* marks *ダイアログ* as the object.

  1. 1

    じゅぎょうはなんじにはじまりますか。

    What time does classroom instruction start?

    じゅぎょうclassroom instruction
    はtopic
    何what time
    時what time
    にat
    始まりstart
    ますpolite
    か。question
  2. 2

    はちじにはじまります。

    It starts at eight o’clock.

  3. 3

    クラスのスケジュールはどうなっていますか。

    How is the class schedule arranged?

  4. 4

    いちじかんめにダイアログをあんしょうしなければなりません。

    We have to recite a dialogue during the first hour.

  5. 5

    じゅぎょうじかんはろくじゅっぷんですか。

    Is the classroom instruction hour sixty minutes?

The Particle O

1. The Particle O

The other uses of the particle O were already taken up. They were:

Indicating a direct object.

WATAKUSHI WA HON O YOMIMASU. "I read a book."
Indicating a place of locomotive action.

ANO HITO-TACHI WA HAMA O SANPO-SHITE IMASU. "They are strolling on the beach."

In this lesson the particle O is used to indicate a point of departure.

TŌKYŌ O ROKU-JI NI DEKAKERU TO, KYŌTO E JUUNI-JI GORO TSUKIMASU. "If you leave Tokyo at 6 o'clock, you'll arrive at Kyoto around 12 o'clock."

GINZA DE DENSHA O ORIMASU. "We get off the streetcar at Ginza."
TA BAKARI

2. TA BAKARI

BAKARI meaning 'only' or 'nothing but' was introduced in Lesson 37. In this lesson BAKARI occurs after the plain past tense of a verb and give the meaning of 'just ---' or 'have just now ---.'

WATAKUSHI WA YUUHAN O TABETA BAKARI DESU. "I just ate (finished eating) supper."

WATAKUSHI WA SENGETSU KONO MACHI E KITA BAKARI DESU. "I just came to this town last month."
BAKARI DE NAKU

3. BAKARI DE NAKU

The phrase BAKARI DE NAKU meaning 'not only but' occurs after a noun, a verb, or an adjective in the present and past tenses and either the NA-form or the plain past tense form of the copula noun.

A WA NIHONGO BAKARI DE NAKU EIGO MO HANASU. "A speaks not only Japanese but English, too."

A WA YOKU HATARAKU BAKARI DE NAKU BENKYOO MO YOKU SURU. "A not only works hard but studies hard, too."

A WA YOKU HATARAITA BAKARI DE NAKU YOKU BENKYOO-SHITA. "Not only did A work hard, but he studied hard, too."

YASUKATTA BAKARI DE NAKU YOKU DEKITE IMASHITA. "Not only was it cheap, but it was made well, too."

ANO ONNA NO HITO WA KIREI NA BAKARI DE NAKU OKANE MO MOTTE IRU. "Not only is she beautiful, but she has money, too."

In the above sentences the word BAKARI may be substituted with DAKE meaning 'only.'
---TAGARU

4. ---TAGARU

TAGARU is a desiderative suffix to a verb showing a desire or a wish of the second or the third person. This suffix is used to show somewhat of a nagging, continual desire of the second or the third person.

TAGARU is suffixed to the MASU stem and the resultant verb is a consonant verb like 'furu' or 'kaeru' in its inflection.

| | 
TABERU | TABEMASU | TABETAGARU
MIRU | MIMASU | MITAGARU
KURU | KIMASU | KITAGARU
SURU | SHIMASU | SHITAGARU
ASOBU | ASOBIMASU | ASOBITAGARU

KANAI WA AMAI MONO O TABETAGARU.

KANAI WA AMAI MONO O TABETAGARIMASU. "My wife shows a persistent desire for sweets."

KANAI WA AMAI MONO O TABETAGARANAI.

KANAI WA AMAI MONO O TABETAGARIMASEN. "My wife doesn't want to eat sweets."

KODOMO WA AMAI MONO O TABETAGATTA.

KODOMO WA AMAI MONO O TABETAGARIMASHITA. "The children wanted to eat sweets."

KODOMO WA AMAI MONO O TABETAGATTE KOMARIMASU. "The children nag for sweets and I don't know what to do."
じゅぎょう
classroom instruction
は
leaves
時
time
に
on (See Gram. Notes)
ます
trout
か。
either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
八
eight
クラス
class
の
See Grammar Notes
スケジュール
schedule
一
one
時間
hour, time
ダイアログ
dialogue
を
particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)
し
city
六十
60
分
minute
です
to be (See Gram. Notes)

Classes, recess and lunch · Dialogue 2 of 4

Classes, recess, and lunch

The speakers continue through a day of fifty-minute classes, recess, and a two-hour lunch break.

*この 時間に 文けいの れん習を します*, "This hour is for sentence-pattern practice."

Practice and application

*三時間目は その 文けいの おう用の れん習です*, "The third hour is for applying the sentence patterns."

The particle *を* marks the object in *文けいの れん習を します*, as in the dialogue recited during the first hour.

Kanji: 文, 昼

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

Kanji: 習

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

  1. 6

    いいえ、ごじゅっぷんです。いちじかんめがおわると、にじゅっぷんのきゅうけいじかんがあります。

    No, it is fifty minutes. When the first hour class ends, there is a twenty minute recess.

  2. 7

    にじかんめがはじまるのはくじじゅっぷんですね。

    It’s ten after nine when the second hour class starts, isn’t it?

  3. 8

    そうです。このじかんにぶんけいのれんしゅうをします。そして、さんじかんめはそのぶんけいのおうようのれんしゅうです。

    That’s right. During this hour we practice sentence patterns. And during the third hour we practice the application of sentence patterns.

  4. 9

    そのつぎは。

    What’s next?

  5. 10

    じゅういちじからいちじまでがひるやすみのじかんです。にじかんありますから、ひるごはんにかえれるひとはたいていいえへかえります。

    From eleven to one is the noon hour recess. Since there are two hours, those who can go home for lunch, usually go home.

五十
50
です。
to be (See Gram. Notes)
が
but (See Gram. Notes)
と、
and (See Gram. Notes)
二十
20
きゅうけい
recess
ます。
trout
二
two
九
nine
ね。
isn't it (See Grammar Notes)
そう
numerical counter for ships
三
three
十
ten
から
from (See Gram. Notes)
まで
as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)
昼休み
noon recess
昼ごはん
lunch, noon meal
帰れる
to be able to go home
人
people
家
house, home
へ
to (See Gram. Notes)

Character study and grammar questions · Dialogue 3 of 4

Kanji and grammar

The fourth hour is for learning new kanji and reviewing earlier ones. The speakers then discuss grammar explanations.

*四時間目は かん字の 時間です*, "The fourth hour is the kanji hour."

A student's desire

*文ぽうを 習いたがる 生徒は 居ませんか*, "Aren't there students who want to learn grammar?"

The ending *たがる* presents the students' continuing desire to learn. The particle *を* marks grammar as the object of learning.

Kanji: 説

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

Kanji: 復, 明

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

  1. 11

    よじかんめにはどうしますか。

    What do you do during the fourth hour?

  2. 12

    よじかんめはかんじのじかんです。あたらしいかんじをならったり、ならったかんじのふくしゅうをしたりします。

    The fourth hour is the kanji hour. We learn new kanji and review previously learned kanji, and so forth.

  3. 13

    ぶんぽうのせつめいはないのですか。

    Don’t you have grammar explanations?

  4. 14

    だれかしつもんすれば、せんせいがせつめいしますが、さもなければありません。

    If someone asks questions about grammar, the teacher will explain, but otherwise there is none.

  5. 15

    ぶんぽうをならいたがるせいとはいませんか。

    Aren’t there students who want to learn grammar?

四
four
説明
explanation
だれ
who?
しつもん
question

Understanding, review and preparation · Dialogue 4 of 4

Preparation and understanding

The speakers say that preparation and understanding reduce the need for grammar explanations.

*ただ あんきする ばかりでなく、 その 文章と 文けいを りかいする 事が 大切ですね*, "It is important not only to memorize sentences and patterns but to comprehend them, isn't it?"

Not only memorization

*ばかりでなく* adds comprehension to memorization in this line.

Memorization is the first activity, and comprehension is the added activity.

Kanji: 予, 章

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

  1. 16

    いますね。でも、そのひのじゅんびがよくできていて、ひとつひとつのぶんしょうのいみがよくわかっていれば、ぶんぽうのせつめいはいりません。

    Yes, there are. However, if the preparation for the day is done well, and the meaning of each and every one of the sentences is clearly understood, there is no need for grammar explanations.

  2. 17

    ただあんきするばかりでなく、そのぶんしょうとぶんけいをりかいすることがたいせつですね。

    It is important not only to memorize sentences and patterns but to comprehend them, isn’t it?

  3. 18

    そう、あたらしいかにはいるときに、よくちゅういしていないと、あとでこまります。

    That’s right. When we go into a new lesson, unless we are attentive, there will be troubles later on.

  4. 19

    がっこうはなんじにほうかになるのですか。

    What time does school let out?

  5. 20

    よじです。それからいえへかえって、よしゅうやふくしゅうをします。

    At four o’clock. Then we go home and do preparation, review lessons, and so forth.

で
--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
じゅんび
preparation
よく
well, skillfully
文章
sentence
いみ
meaning
ただ
merely
と
and (See Gram. Notes)
そう、
numerical counter for ships
か
either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
いる
to need (See Gram. Notes)
ちゅうい
first lieutenant
や
and---among others (See Gram. Notes)

Things just completed · Perception drill, Block 1

A recently completed action

*私は この 学校へ 来たばかりです*, "I came to this school a short time ago."

After the plain past form *来た*, *ばかり* presents the action as recently completed.

The result still matters

*いいえ、 今 おきたばかりですから、 まだ 食べていません*, "No, I got up a short time ago, so I haven't eaten yet."

A plain past verb followed by *ばかり* often gives the reason for a present result.

  1. 21

    わたくしはこのがっこうへきたばかりです。

    I just came to this school.

  2. 22

    このほんをよみましたか。

    Have you read this book?

  3. 23

    きのうかったばかりですから、まだよんでいません。

    I only bought it yesterday, so I haven’t read it yet.

  4. 24

    あさめしをたべましたか。

    Have you eaten breakfast?

  5. 25

    いいえ、いまおきたばかりですから、まだたべていません。

    No, I just got up, so I haven’t eaten yet.

  6. 26

    このかんじをおぼえていますか。

    Do you remember this kanji?

  7. 27

    いいえ、きのうならったばかりですから、まだよくおぼえていません。

    No, I only learned it yesterday, so I don’t remember it very well yet.

  8. 28

    おなかがすきましたか。

    Are you hungry?

  9. 29

    いいえ、いちじかんまえにたべたばかりですから、まだすいていません。

    No, I ate just an hour ago, so I’m not hungry yet.

本
numerical counter for counting long slender objects (See Notes)
昨日
yesterday
から、
from (See Gram. Notes)
まだ
yet, still
朝めし
breakfast
おなか
stomach
前
before, front

What other people want · Perception drill, Block 2

Another person's desire

*子供は あまい物を 食べたがります*, "Children want to eat sweet things."

The suffix *たがる* describes a second or third person's continuing desire.

Attach the ending to the stem

*食べます* gives *食べたがる*. The suffix attaches to the stem before *ます*.

*うちの 子供は 毎晩 テレビを 見たがるので、 こまります*, "I have a problem because my child wants to watch television every night."

The resulting verb changes like the consonant verb *帰る*.

  1. 30

    こどもはあまいものをたべたがります。

    Children (want to) eat sweet things." (are eager to)

  2. 31

    うちのこどもはべんきょうをやめたがるので、こまります。

    I have a problem because my child wants to stop studying.

  3. 32

    それはよくないですね。こどもはあそびたがるので、こまりますね。

    That isn’t good, is it? Children want to play, so it is a problem, isn’t it?

  4. 33

    うちのこどもはまいばんテレビをみたがるので、こまります。

    I have a problem because my child wants to watch television every night.

  5. 34

    わたくしのうちでもそうです。それで、はちじからはテレビをみさせないことにしています。

    It is the same at my house. So I make it a rule not to let my child watch television after eight o’clock.

  6. 35

    ちいさいこどもはなんでもしてみたがるのですね。

    Small children want to try everything, don’t they?

  7. 36

    そうですね。そうして、いろいろのことをならうのですね。

    That’s right. That is how they learn various things, isn’t it?

  8. 37

    たなかさんのおくさんはえいがにいきたがるそうですね。

    I hear Mrs. Tanaka wants to go to the movies.

  9. 38

    ええ、まいしゅうにどぐらいいくそうです。

    Yes, I hear she goes about twice a week.

あまい
sweet
うち
home, house
で、
--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
テレビ
television
映画
movie
ええ、
Yes
ぐらい
about

Adding a second quality · Perception drill, Block 3

Not only one thing

*私は 肉ばかりでなく やさいも 食べます*, "I eat not only meat but also vegetables."

*ばかりでなく* follows the first noun, verb, or adjective. In this line, *も* marks vegetables as the added item.

After a NA-adjective

A NA-adjective keeps *な* before *ばかりでなく*.

*あの 女の人は きれいなばかりでなく うたが 上手です*, "She is not only pretty but also good at singing."

  1. 39

    わたくしはにくばかりでなくやさいもたべます。

    I eat not only meat but also vegetables.

  2. 40

    あのかたははたらくばかりでなくよるはがっこうにいってべんきょうします。

    He not only works but also goes to school (to study) at night.

  3. 41

    りょうきんがたかいばかりでなくサービスもわるいです。

    Not only is the fee high, but also the service is bad (too).

  4. 42

    あのおんなのひとはきれいなばかりでなくうたがじょうずです。

    She is not only pretty but also good at singing.

  5. 43

    このみせではようふくしかうっていないのですか。

    Does this store sell only Western-style clothes?

  6. 44

    いいえ、ようふくばかりでなく、ぼうしもくつもうっています。

    No, it sells not only Western-style clothes but also hats and shoes.

  7. 45

    おとこのようふくばかりうっているのですか。

    Does it sell only men’s clothes?

  8. 46

    いいえ、おとこのようふくばかりでなく、ドレスもうっています。

    No, it sells not only men’s clothes but also dresses.

  9. 47

    このみせはたかいですか。

    Is this store expensive?

  10. 48

    いいえ、やすいです。やすいばかりでなく、サービスもいいです。

    No, it is inexpensive. It is not only inexpensive, but the service is also good.

  11. 49

    やすいものばかりうっているのですか。

    Does it sell only inexpensive things?

  12. 50

    いいえ、やすいものをうっているばかりでなく、たかいものもうっています。

    No, it sells not only inexpensive things but also expensive things.

肉
meat, flesh
やさい
vegetable
夜
night, evening
料金
fee, charge
サービス
service
女
female
うた
song
上手
skillful, fluent (See Grammar Notes)
店
store, shop
くつ
shoes
男
male
ドレス
dress
いい
good (See Gram. Notes)

Recent actions and their results · Pattern 1 1 of 2

A recent action

*私は 三月に ここへ 来 たばかりです*, "I came here recently, in March."

The plain past verb with *ばかり* presents the arrival as recent.

The result now

*この 映画は 今 始まったばかりですから、 はいって 見ましょう*, "This movie started a short time ago, so the speaker suggests going in to watch it."

The recent start gives the reason for entering now.

  1. 51

    わたくしはさんがつにここへきたばかりです。

    I just came here in March.

  2. 52

    このくつはみがいたばかりですから、きれいです。

    These shoes are clean because I just polished them.

  3. 53

    ひるごはんをたべたばかりですから、いまなにもたべたくはありません。

    I just ate lunch, so I don’t want to eat anything now.

  4. 54

    たなかさんはにほんからかえったばかりです。

    Mr. Tanaka has just returned from Japan.

  5. 55

    このかんじはきのうならったばかりですから、まだおぼえていません。

    I only learned this kanji yesterday, so I don’t remember it yet.

  6. 56

    このえいがはいまはじまったばかりですから、はいってみましょう。

    This movie has just started, so let’s go in and watch it.

  7. 57

    これをひとつたべなさいよ。

    Eat one of these.

  8. 58

    いまはをみがいたばかりですから、なにもたべたくはありません。

    I just brushed my teeth, so I don’t want to eat anything.

  9. 59

    たなかさんはあしたしごとにくるでしょうか。

    Do you think Mr. Tanaka will come to work tomorrow?

月
moon, month (See Grammar Notes)
ここ
here
ましょう。
let's (See Gram. Notes)
明日
tomorrow
でしょう
probably (See Gram. Notes)

Recently completed events · Pattern 1 2 of 2

Recent by present relevance

*来ないでしょう。 まだ 病院から 出たばかりですからね*, "Probably not. He left the hospital only a short time ago."

The departure is complete, but its result still affects whether he will work tomorrow.

Not limited to this moment

*四日ほど 入院していて、 おととい 家へ 帰ったばかりです*, "He was in the hospital for about four days and only returned home the day before yesterday."

With *ばかり*, the speaker can present a completed event from the day before yesterday as recent.

  1. 60

    こないでしょう。まだびょういんからでたばかりですからね。

    Probably not. He has only just gotten out of the hospital.

  2. 61

    たなかさんはにゅういんしていたのですか。

    Was Mr. Tanaka in the hospital?

  3. 62

    よっかほどにゅういんしていて、おとといいえへかえったばかりです。

    He was in the hospital for about four days and only returned home the day before yesterday.

  4. 63

    きのうにほんからかえりました。

    I returned from Japan yesterday.

  5. 64

    わたくしはせんげつモンテレーへきました。

    I came to Monterey last month.

  6. 65

    そのざっしをきのうかいました。

    I bought that magazine yesterday.

  7. 66

    そのこづつみをけさおくりました。

    I sent that package this morning.

  8. 67

    おとといたねをまいたのですから、まだはえません。

    I sowed the seeds the day before yesterday, so they have not sprouted yet.

でしょう。
probably (See Gram. Notes)
病院
hospital
ほど
to the extent (See Grammar Notes)
先月
last month
モンテレー
Monterey
小包
parcel, small package
今朝
this morning
たね
seed

Describing what others want · Pattern 2 1 of 2

What others want

*ある 生徒は 文ぽうを 習いたがります*, "Some students want to learn grammar."

The *たがる* form presents another person's desire, as in the children who want sweet things.

The negative form

*子供が 食べたがらない 物は 買いません*, "I do not buy things that my child does not want to eat."

The negative form *食べたがらない* states that the child does not want to eat.

  1. 68

    あるせいとはぶんぽうをならいたがります。

    Some students want to learn grammar.

  2. 69

    あのせいとはまいばんあそびにでたがります。

    That student wants to go out for fun every night.

  3. 70

    こどもはまいにちおよぎたがります。

    The children want to swim every day.

  4. 71

    うちのこどもはビールをのみたがります。

    My child wants to drink beer.

  5. 72

    かないはにほんえいがにいきたがっています。

    My wife wants to go to a Japanese movie.

  6. 73

    こどもがたべたがらないものはかいません。

    I do not buy things that my child does not want to eat.

  7. 74

    こどもはまいばんテレビをみたがります。

    The children want to watch television every night.

ある
certain, some
ビール
beer

Unwanted study and desired outings · Pattern 2 2 of 2

A desire to stop

*日本語の 勉強を やめたがる 生徒が 居ますか*, "Are there any students who want to stop studying Japanese?"

*たがる* presents the desire of the students, and *を* marks study as the object of quitting.

A continuing wish

*家内は かぶきを 見たがっています*, "My wife wants to see kabuki."

Here *たがっています* describes her continuing wish to see the performance.

  1. 75

    かんじをならいたがらないせいとがいますか。

    Are there any students who do not want to learn kanji?

  2. 76

    ええ、クラスのはんぶんぐらいいますね。

    Yes, about half the class.

  3. 77

    にほんごのべんきょうをやめたがるせいとがいますか。

    Are there any students who want to stop studying Japanese?

  4. 78

    ええ、ときどきいますね。

    Yes, there are sometimes.

  5. 79

    かないはかぶきをみたがっています。

    My wife wants to see kabuki.

  6. 80

    いちどつれていってあげなさいよ。

    Take her to see it sometime.

半分
half
時々
sometimes, occasionally
かぶき
Kabuki

Pairing activities and qualities · Pattern 3 1 of 3

Adding another requirement

*文けいばかりでなく、 言葉も よく 習わなければなりません*, "You have to learn not only the sentence pattern but also the vocabulary."

The *ばかりでなく* pattern adds vocabulary to the required sentence patterns.

Nouns, verbs, and adjectives

The first item can be a noun, verb, or adjective.

*あの人は ゴルフが 上手なばかりでなく、 テニスも 上手です*, "He is skilled not only in golf but also in tennis."

  1. 81

    ぶんけいばかりでなく、ことばもよくならわなければなりません。

    You have to learn not only the sentence pattern but also the vocabulary.

  2. 82

    べんきょうするばかりでなく、うんどうもしなければなりません。

    You have to not only study but also exercise.

  3. 83

    このへやはせまいばかりでなくくらいです。

    This room is not only small but also dark.

  4. 84

    あのひとはゴルフがじょうずなばかりでなく、テニスもじょうずです。

    He is skilled not only in golf but also in tennis.

  5. 85

    このがっこうにはおとこのせいとばかりでなく、おんなのせいともいます。

    There are not only male students but also female students at this school.

  6. 86

    あのアメリカじんはえいごばかりでなくにほんごもはなします。

    That American speaks not only English but also Japanese.

  7. 87

    たなかさんはよくたべるばかりでなく、よくのみます。

    Mr. Tanaka not only eats a lot but also drinks a lot.

へや
room
せまい
narrow, crowded
くらい
dark
ゴルフ
golf
テニス
tennis
アメリカ
America; U.S.A.

Adding facts to descriptions · Pattern 3 2 of 3

Two related abilities

*ジョンズさんは 書くのが 上手なばかりでなく、 話すのも 上手です*, "Mr. Jones is not only good at writing but also good at speaking."

The *ばかりでなく* pattern joins two abilities in one description.

Two facts about weather

*雨が 沢山 降るばかりでなく、 風が ひどく ふきます*, "Not only does it rain a lot, but the wind blows hard."

The first clause supplies one fact. The second adds another fact about the same weather.

  1. 88

    スミスさんはにほんごをはなすばかりでなく、フランスごもはなします。

    Mr. Smith speaks not only Japanese but also French.

  2. 89

    おおきさんはみみがとおいばかりでなく、めもよくみえません。

    Mr. Oki is not only hard of hearing but also cannot see well.

  3. 90

    ジョンズさんはかくのがじょうずなばかりでなく、はなすのもじょうずです。

    Mr. Jones is not only good at writing but also good at speaking.

  4. 91

    にほんはちいさいくにですね。

    Japan is a small country, isn’t it?

  5. 92

    ええ、ちいさいばかりでなく、ひとがおおいのです。

    Yes, it is not only small but also has a large population.

  6. 93

    にほんではくがつにあめがたくさんふるそうですね。

    I hear that it rains a lot in Japan in September, doesn't it?

  7. 94

    ええ、あめがたくさんふるばかりでなく、かぜがひどくふきます。

    Yes, not only does it rain a lot, but the wind blows hard.

遠い
far
国
country, nation
雨
rain
降る
to fall (rain) (v.i.)
ひどく
fiercely, violently

Combining military and school categories · Pattern 3 3 of 3

More than one service

*りく軍の 軍人ばかりでなく、 かい軍、 くう軍、 かい兵隊の 軍人にも 外国語を 教えています*

"It teaches foreign languages not only to Army servicemen, but also to Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps servicemen."

The *ばかりでなく* pattern adds three services to the first category.

Two school subjects

*文ぽうを 習います。 会話も 習います*, "We learn grammar. We also learn conversation."

The pair supplies the two categories joined by *ばかりでなく*.

  1. 95

    このがっこうではりくぐんのぐんじんにがいこくごをおしえるのですか。

    Does this school teach foreign languages to Army servicemen?

  2. 96

    りくぐんのぐんじんばかりでなく、かいぐん、くうぐん、かいへいたいのぐんじんにもがいこくごをおしえています。

    It teaches foreign languages not only to Army servicemen, but also to Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps servicemen.

  3. 97

    ぶんけいをならいます。ぶんけいをかいわにおうようします。

    We learn sentence patterns. We apply the sentence patterns in conversation.

  4. 98

    ぶんぽうをならいます。かいわもならいます。

    We learn grammar. We also learn conversation.

  5. 99

    こうとうしけんがあります。ひっきしけんもあります。

    There is an oral examination. There is also a written examination.

  6. 100

    このがっこうにはりくぐんのへいたいがいます。かいぐんのへいたいもいます。

    There are Army soldiers at this school. There are Navy sailors here too.

  7. 101

    こくばんににほんごがかいてあります。こくばんにえいごがかいてあります。

    Japanese is written on the blackboard. English is written on the blackboard.

兵隊
soldier

Morning language classes · Reading Selection 1 of 2

The morning classes

The narrator describes six daily class hours, beginning with dialogue recitation at eight.

*二時間目と 三時間目には ダイアログで 習った 新しい 文けいを おう用して、 会話の けいこを します*

The second and third hours apply the new sentence patterns through conversation practice.

Application as well as memory

*新しい 文章を あんきしたり、 文けいを 習ったり するばかりでなく、 その おう用の れん習を する 事は 語学の 勉強では 大へん 大切です*

The passage says that language study requires application practice as well as memorizing passages and learning sentence patterns.

  1. 102

    わたくしはいまこのがっこうでにほんごをならっています。

    I am studying Japanese at this school now.

  2. 103

    このがっこうではいちにちにろくじかんじゅぎょうがあります。

    At this school, there are six hours of classroom instruction a day.

  3. 104

    ごぜんにさんじかん、ごごにさんじかんあります。

    There are three hours in the morning and three hours in the afternoon.

  4. 105

    がっこうがはじまるのはあさのはちじです。

    School starts at eight in the morning.

  5. 106

    いちじかんめにはまえのばんべんきょうしたダイアログをあんしょうしなければなりません。

    During the first hour, we have to recite the dialogue we studied the night before.

  6. 107

    にじかんめとさんじかんめにはダイアログでならったあたらしいぶんけいをおうようして、かいわのけいこをします。

    During the second and third hours, we apply the new sentence patterns we learned in the dialogue and practice conversation.

  7. 108

    あたらしいぶんしょうをあんきしたり、ぶんけいをならったりするばかりでなく、そのおうようのれんしゅうをすることはごがくのべんきょうではたいへんたいせつです。

    In language study, it is very important not only to memorize new passages and learn sentence patterns, but also to practice applying them.

一日
first day of the month (See Grammar Notes)
六
six
午前
a.m., morning
午後
p.m., afternoon
朝
morning
けいこ
practice
語学
language study
大へん
very

Grammar, lunch and course difficulty · Reading Selection 2 of 2

Grammar and lunch

Some students want grammar instruction, but the teacher gives little explanation. Many students go home during the two-hour lunch break.

*文ぽうを 習いたがるのですが*, "They want to learn grammar." The *たがる* form states the students' desire.

New at the school

*私たちは 先月 ここに 来たばかりで*, "The narrator's group came here recently, last month."

Their recent arrival explains why they know little about their one-year course, which they find difficult.

  1. 109

    あるせいとは

    Some students

  2. 110

    ぶんぽうをならいたがるのですが、せんせいはぶんぽうのせつめいはあまりしません。

    want to learn grammar, but the teacher does not explain grammar very much.

  3. 111

    ぶんぽうのことをかんがえているとかいわができないからです。

    This is because you cannot converse if you are thinking about grammar.

  4. 112

    ひるやすみのじかんはにじかんありますから、ひるごはんにいえにかえるせいとがおおぜいいます。

    Because the lunch break is two hours long, many students go home for lunch.

  5. 113

    わたくしもそのひとりです。

    I am one of them too.

  6. 114

    わたくしたちはせんげつここにきたばかりで、わたくしたちのいちねんのかていについては、まだよくしりませんが、まいにちのスケジュールにかいてあることをならうのはかなりむずかしいことです。

    We just came here last month, so we still do not know much about our one-year course, but it is fairly difficult to learn everything written on the daily schedule.

が、
but (See Gram. Notes)
かんがえ
idea, thinking
大ぜい
crowd (of people)
一人
one person
年
year (See Grammar Notes)
かてい
course of study
かなり
fairly
むずかしい
difficult

Daily classes and language learning · Questions 1 of 2

The daily course

The questions ask about class hours, dialogue recitation, sentence patterns, conversation, and grammar.

*新しい 文けいを おう用して、 会話の れん習を するのは 何時間目ですか*, "During which hours do you apply the new sentence patterns and practice conversation?"

An answer names the hours and states what happens during them.

  1. 115

    このがっこうでせいとたちはなにをならっていますか。

    What are the students learning at this school?

  2. 116

    このがっこうではいちにちになんじかんじゅぎょうがありますか。

    How many hours of classroom instruction are there each day at this school?

  3. 117

    ごぜんとごごにさんじかんずつじゅぎょうがありますか。

    Are there three hours of classroom instruction each in the morning and afternoon?

  4. 118

    がっこうがはじまるのはなんじですか。

    What time does school start?

  5. 119

    いちじかんめにはなにをしますか。

    What do you do during the first hour?

  6. 120

    あたらしいぶんけいをおうようして、かいわのれんしゅうをするのはなんじかんめですか。

    During which hours do you apply the new sentence patterns and practice conversation?

  7. 121

    あたらしいぶんけいをあんきすれば、かいわはじょうずになりますか。

    Will you become good at conversation if you memorize the new sentence patterns?

  8. 122

    ごがくにはなにがたいせつですか。

    What is important in language study?

  9. 123

    ぶんぽうをならいたがるせいとがいますか。

    Are there students who want to learn grammar?

  10. 124

    このがっこうではひるやすみのじかんはなんじかんありますか。

    How many hours is the lunch break at this school?

ずつ
each (See Gram. Notes)
何時
what time

Lunch, homework and daily routines · Questions 2 of 2

Leaving home for school

The questions ask about lunch, homework, departure time, recent arrival, washing, and study.

*あなたは 何時に 家を 出なければ、 八時に 学校へ 来る 事が 出来ませんか*, "What time do you have to leave home in order to get to school by eight?"

An answer gives a departure time. With *出る*, *を* marks *家* as the place left.

  1. 125

    たくさんのせいとはおひるごはんにいえにかえるそうですが、なぜですか。

    I hear that many students go home for lunch; why is that?

  2. 126

    いちにちじゅうべんきょうばかりするのはわるいですか。

    Is it bad to do nothing but study all day?

  3. 127

    このがっこうがほうかになるのはなんじですか。

    What time does this school let out?

  4. 128

    しゅくだいはいつ、どこでしますか。

    When and where do you do your homework?

  5. 129

    あなたはなんじにいえをでなければ、はちじにがっこうへくることができませんか。

    What time do you have to leave home in order to get to school by eight?

  6. 130

    あなたはここへきたばかりですか。

    Did you just come here?

  7. 131

    あなたはかおをあらってから、はをみがきますか。

    Do you brush your teeth after washing your face?

  8. 132

    きゅうけいじかんにはあなたはどうしますか。

    What do you do during recess?

  9. 133

    あなたがたはまいにちぶんけいをいくつぐらいならいますか。

    About how many sentence patterns do you learn each day?

なぜ
why?
宿題
homework
いつ、
when?
かお
face

Class schedules and study terms · Word list 1 of 4

Schedules and study

These words cover the organization and content of a school day.

*スケジュール* means "schedule," *きゅうけい時間* means "recess hour," and *文けい* means "sentence pattern."

*おう用* means "application," the practical use of what the class teaches.

  1. 134

    クラス

    class

  2. 135

    スケジュール

    schedule

  3. 136

    したく

    preparation

  4. 137

    いちじかんめ

    first hour

  5. 138

    きゅうけい

    recess

  6. 139

    きゅうけいじかん

    recess hour

  7. 140

    ぶんけい

    sentence pattern

  8. 141

    ぶんぽう

    grammar

  9. 142

    ぶんしょう

    sentence

  10. 143

    おうよう

    application

したく
preparation
一時間目
first hour
きゅうけい時間
recess hour
文けい
sentence pattern
文ぽう
grammar
おう用
application

Lunch, preparation and recitation · Word list 2 of 4

Preparation and application

These words cover preparation, study, lunch, and actions used in class.

*昼ごはん* means "lunch, noon meal," *じゅんび* means "preparation," and *あんしょうする* means "to recite from memory."

*おう用する* means "to apply, put in practice."

  1. 144

    ひるやすみ

    noon recess

  2. 145

    ひるごはん

    lunch, noon meal

  3. 146

    せつめい

    explanation

  4. 147

    じゅんび

    preparation

  5. 148

    か

    lesson in a textbook

  6. 149

    かてい

    course of study

  7. 150

    みがく

    to polish, brush

  8. 151

    あんしょうする

    to recite from memory

  9. 152

    おうようする

    to apply, put in practice

  10. 153

    かえれる

    to be able to go home

みがく
to polish, brush
あんしょうする
to recite from memory
おう用する
to apply, put in practice

Explaining, memorizing and wanting · Word list 3 of 4

Actions and grammar forms

These entries cover explaining, quitting, understanding, memorizing, and several forms used throughout the lesson.

*--たばかり* marks recent completion, *を* can mark a "point of departure," and *--たがる* means "want, wish."

*さもなければ* means "otherwise, if not so."

  1. 154

    せつめいする

    to explain

  2. 155

    やめる

    to quit

  3. 156

    りかい(する)

    understanding (to understand)

  4. 157

    あんきする

    to memorize

  5. 158

    --たばかり

    have just --- (See Grammar Notes)

  6. 159

    ほうかになる

    class lets out

  7. 160

    を

    particle indicating a point of departure (See Grammar Notes)

  8. 161

    だめ

    no good, useless, hopeless

  9. 162

    さもなければ

    otherwise, if not so

  10. 163

    --たがる

    want, wish (See Grammar Notes)

説明する
to explain
やめる
to quit
りかい(する)
understanding (to understand)
あんきする
to memorize
--たばかり
have just --- (See Grammar Notes)
ほうかになる
class lets out
だめ
no good, useless, hopeless
さもなければ
otherwise, if not so
--たがる
want, wish (See Grammar Notes)

Morning routines and study wishes · Word list 4 of 4

Addition, departure, and desire

*--ばかりでなく* means "not only, but." The examples also cover morning departure, recent arrival, and a child's wish.

*私は 七時半頃 家を出て 学校へ 行きます*, "I leave home around seven-thirty and go to school." Here *を* marks home as the departure point.

*私は 一週間 前に この 学校へ 来たばかりです* presents a recent arrival. *うちの 子供は 勉強を やめたがります* presents the child's desire to quit studying.

  1. 164

    ひとつひとつ

    one by one, everyone

  2. 165

    ただ

    merely

  3. 166

    --ばかりでなく

    not only -- but (See Grammar Notes)

  4. 167

    わたくしはあさおきるとすぐはをみがいたり、ひげをそったりして、がっこうへいくしたくをします。

    As soon as I get up in the morning, I brush my teeth and shave my beard, and get ready to go to school.

  5. 168

    わたくしはしちじはんごろいえをでてがっこうへいきます。

    I leave home around seven-thirty and go to school.

  6. 169

    ぶんけいがおうようできなければだめです。

    It's not good if you cannot apply sentence patterns.

  7. 170

    わたくしはいっしゅうかんまえにこのがっこうへきたばかりです。

    I just came to this school a week ago.

  8. 171

    うちのこどもはべんきょうをやめたがります。

    Our child wants to quit studying.

一つ一つ
one by one, everyone
--ばかりでなく
not only -- but (See Grammar Notes)
私は朝おきるとすぐはをみがいたり、ひげをそったりして、学校へ行くしたくをします。
"As soon as I get up in the morning, I brush my teeth and shave my beard, and get ready to go to school."
私は七時半頃家を出て学校へ行きます。
"I leave home around seven-thirty and go to school."
文けいがおう用出来なければだめです。
"It's not good if you cannot apply sentence patterns."
私は一週間前にこの学校へ来たばかりです。
"I just came to this school a week ago."
うちの子供は勉強をやめたがります。
"Our child wants to quit studying."

The particulars

The course
Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours.
Reading aloud
Digital narration, directed by 1732 Studios.
The book
Botchan, the work this course leads to, free to read here.
Data
JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents
Two whoopie pies and a pine. An inside joke.