Japanese · Lesson 67
Lesson 67
Kanji and everyday Japanese
Answering a telephone call · Dialogue 1 of 7
A call for Shimamura
One caller asks *もしもし、 何番ですか*, "Hello, what number is this?" The answer gives the telephone number.
After someone says that he is on the line, the caller asks *もしもし、 島村君かね*, "Hello, is that you, Shimamura?"
Kanji: 君
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 1
もしもし。
Hello?
もしもし。hello - 2
もしもし、なんばんですか。
Hello, what number is this?
もしもし、hello何what番numberですisか。question - 3
にいちにのぜろいちさんいち
212-0131.
二two一one二twoのseparator〇zero一one三three一one - 4
おいでになりました。
He is on the line.
おis on the line出is on the lineにis on the lineなりis on the lineましis on the lineた。is on the line - 5
もしもし、しまむらくんかね。
Hello, is that you, Shimamura?
もしもし、hello島村Shimamura君youかquestionね。right? - 6
ああ、ミラーさん。こんにちは。
Oh, Mr. Miller. Hello.
ああ、ohミラーMillerさん。Mr.今日helloは。hello
Interrogative Particle DA.
In informal questions containing question words like NANI, DARE, DOKO, ITSU, and so forth, DA occurs in men's speech in sentence-final position as an abrupt question. It follows NO or N forms of verbs and at times it immediately follows question words. Do not confuse this with abrupt form of DESU, which was introduced in Lesson 28.
Examples:
KORE WA NAN DA. "What is this?"
KIMI WA DARE DA. "Who are you?"
KIMI WA DOKO E IKUN DA. "Where are you going?"
NANI O TABETERUN DA. "What are you eating?"
ITSU NIHON E IKUN DA. "When are you going to Japan?"
DOKO DE KORE O KATTAN DA. "Where did you buy this?"Interrogative Particle KAI.
KAI is an interrogative sentence particle used by men in informal speech, as a more conversational, less abrupt equivalent of KA. It follows plain, non-past and past forms of verbs and i-adjectives, and noun. DA is lost before KAI.
Formal (MW) | Informal (M: abrupt) | Informal (M) | Informal (MW) Rising Tone
WAKARIMASU KA | WAKARU KA | WAKARU KAI | WAKARU ?
SAMUI DESU KA | SAMUI KA | SAMUI KAI | SAMUI ?
SOO DESU KA | SOO KA | SOO KAI | SOO ?
SOO DESHITA KA | SOO DATTA KA | SOO DATTA KAI | SOO DATTA ?
Examples:
KIMI, KORE O TABERU KAI. "Do you eat this?"
NIHONGO O BENKYOO SHITA KAI. "Did you study Japanese?"
NIHONGO WA MUZUKASHII KAI. "Is Japanese difficult?"
KIMI KOMBAN KURU KAI. "Are you coming tonight?"
SOO KAI. "Is that so?"
SOO DATTA KAI. "Was that so?"TE KURE
---TE KURE is an abrupt form of -- TE KUDASAI and it is used only by men in abrupt speech when they are addressing close friends, intimates, and inferiors. TE KURE is an informal imperative of TE KURERU. Informal imperatives of other verbs will be taken up in the later lesson.
Examples:
TABETE KURE. "Eat (for me)".
NONDE KURE "Drink (for me)."
ITTE KURE. "Go (for me)."
MISETE KURE. "Show me."
NOTE: When TE KURE follows the verbs in N-form, TE changes to DE like NONDE KURE.Notes on:
KIMI and BOKU.
KIMI is the informal equivalent of ANATA, more typical of men's speech. A person addressed as KIMI is always a close friend or an inferior of the speaker.
BOKU occurs in men's speech and is less polite than WATAKUSHI, which is used by both men and women. WATAKUSHI is often contracted to WATASHI by men and women, and to ATASHI by women.
NA
NA is used in men's speech and is less polite than NE which is used by both men and women. NA comes at the end of a sentence and is used for making sure. For example, if the speaker wants to put a straight question, he will say:
II OTENKI DESU KA. "Is it a beautiful day?"
But, when he thinks it is a beautiful day and wants to make sure it is so, he will say:
II OTENKI DESU NA. "It's a beautiful day, isn't it?"ITADAKIMASU vs. GOCHISOO SAMA.
A guest always says ITADAKIMASU just before beginning to eat or drink. GOCHISOO SAMA (DESHITA) is regularly said, upon finishing eating or drinking by a guest to his host or by a person served to the person who prepared or served the food and/or drink. It is also said by a guest at the conclusion of a visit during which refreshments were served.- もしもし。
- hello
- です
- to be (See Gram. Notes)
- か。
- either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
- 二
- two
- 一
- one
- の
- See Grammar Notes
- 三
- three
- に
- on (See Gram. Notes)
- 君
- suffix to a name, Mr. (See cult. notes)
- ね。
- isn't it (See Grammar Notes)
- ああ、
- Oh, yes
- 今日
- today
- は。
- leaves
Inviting a friend to dinner · Dialogue 2 of 7
An invitation between male friends
One man asks *君、 今晩は ひまか*, "Are you free tonight?" *君* is an informal word for "you" in men's speech.
A man uses *君* for a close friend or an inferior. Here, the friends discuss dinner, a restaurant, and who will pay.
A direct question about dinner
The question *何を 食いたいんだ* means "What do you want to eat?" The final *だ* makes this an abrupt question in men's speech.
Kanji: 理
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
Kanji: 食
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 7
きみ、こんばんはひまか。
Are you free tonight?
君、you今晩はtonightひまfreeか。question - 8
ええ、べつになにもすることはないよ。
Yes, I don’t have anything in particular to do.
ええ、yes別particularlyにparticularly何anythingもanythingするdo事thingはtopicないdo not haveよ。I tell you - 9
そうか。じゃ、どっかへあんないしてくれないか。ゆうしょくだよ。なにかうまいものをくいたいんだ。おごるよ。
I see. Then would you show me somewhere to go? For dinner, I mean. I want to eat something good. I’ll treat you.
そうI seeか。questionじゃ、thenどっsomewhereかsomewhereへtoward案内show aroundしshow aroundてandくれfor meないwould notか。question夕食dinnerだisよ。I mean何somethingかsomethingうまいdelicious物foodをobject食いeatたいwant toんthe fact isだ。isおごるtreat youよ。I tell you - 10
ほんとかね。
Really?
ほんとreallyかquestionね。right? - 11
じょうだんいってるんじゃないよ。
I’m not joking.
じょうだんjoking言っam sayingてるam sayingんthe fact isじゃisないnotよ。I tell you - 12
よかろう。じゃおともしよう。なにをくいたいんだ。にほんりょうり、せいようりょうり、ちゅうかりょうり?
All right. Then I’ll come along. What do you want to eat—Japanese, Western, or Chinese food?
よかろう。all rightじゃthenおwill come along供しよう。will come along何whatをobject食いeatたいwant toんthe fact isだ。is日本Japanese cuisine料理、Japanese cuisine西洋Western cuisine料理、Western cuisine中Chinese cuisineかChinese cuisine料理?Chinese cuisine
- 君、
- suffix to a name, Mr. (See cult. notes)
- ひま
- leisure time, free
- ええ、
- Yes
- は
- leaves
- そう
- numerical counter for ships
- へ
- to (See Gram. Notes)
- し
- city
- だ
- to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)
- うまい
- savory, delicious, good
- を
- particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)
- おごる
- to treat
- じょうだん
- joke, jest
- てる
- to shine (v.i.)
- よかろう。
- that's good!
- 西洋
- occident, the West
Choosing a steakhouse · Dialogue 3 of 7
Choosing a steakhouse
One friend says *僕は ビフテキの いいのが ほしいね*, "I'd like a good steak." *僕* marks informal men's speech.
The other recommends Suehiro. *安っぽい 所じゃ ないんだろうな* asks for confirmation that it is not a cheap place.
Kanji: 僕
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 13
ぼくはビフテキのいいのがほしいね。
I’d like a good steak.
僕Iはtopicビフテキsteakのamongいいgoodのoneがsubjectほしいwantね。you know - 14
ビフテキならすえひろだ。すえひろへいこう。
For steak, Suehiro is the place. Let’s go to Suehiro.
ビフテキsteakならas forすえSuehiroひろSuehiroだ。isすえSuehiroひろSuehiroへtoward行こう。let's go - 15
やすっぽいところじゃないんだろうな。
It isn’t a cheap place, is it?
安っぽいcheap所placeじゃisないnotんthe fact isだろうprobablyな。right? - 16
ちがうちがう。すえひろはにほんでもいちりゅうのビフテキハウスなんだよ。
No, no. Suehiro is one of the finest steak houses in Japan.
違うno違う。noすえSuehiroひろSuehiroはtopic日本Japanでinもeven一first-classりゅうfirst-classのofビフテキsteakhouseハウスsteakhouseなisんisだisよ。I tell you - 17
よかろう。じゃ、そこへいこう。
All right. Then let’s go there.
よかろう。all rightじゃ、thenそこthereへtoward行こう。let's go - 18
では、ごちそうになるよ。
Then I’ll let you treat me.
でthenは、then御a treatちそうa treatにtoなるbe treatedよ。I tell you
- 僕
- I (see notes)
- ビフテキ
- beef steak
- いい
- good (See Gram. Notes)
- が
- but (See Gram. Notes)
- ほしい
- want, wish (See Grammar Notes)
- なら
- if it is (See Gram. Notes)
- だ。
- to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)
- 安っぽい
- cheap
- 所
- address, place
- な。
- I wish, I hope, huh
- で
- --is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
- そこ
- there
Ordering sake at a restaurant · Dialogue 4 of 7
An abrupt request
The customer says *見せてくれ*, "Show me."
*見せてくれ* is an abrupt form of the request with *TE KUDASAI*. Men use it with close friends, intimates, and inferiors.
A conversational question
The customer asks *酒は あるかい*, "Do you have sake?" The final *かい* marks an informal question in men's speech.
Kanji: 表, 酒
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
Kanji: 頼
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 19
メニュー(こんだてひょう)をみせてくれ。
Show me the menu.
メニューmenu(こんだてmenu表)menuをobject見せshowてandくれ。please - 20
かしこまりました。のみものはいかがいたしましょうか。
Certainly. What would you like to drink?
かしこまりcertainlyましcertainlyた。certainly飲物drinksはtopicいかがhowいたしdoましょうshall weか。question - 21
さけはあるかい。
Do you have sake?
酒sakeはtopicあるhaveかquestionい。question - 22
ございます。
Yes, we do.
御haveざhaveいhaveます。have - 23
それじゃさけをたのむ。
Then I’ll have sake.
それthenじゃthen酒sakeをobject頼む。will have - 24
ほかになにか。
Anything else?
外elseにelse何anythingか。anything
- メニュー
- menu
- ましょう
- let's (See Gram. Notes)
- 酒
- Sake, rice wine
- ある
- certain, some
- ます。
- trout
Serving sake and appetisers · Dialogue 5 of 7
Before food or drink
A server offers to pour sake. The guest answers *いただきます*, "Thank you."
A guest says *いただきます* before beginning to eat or drink.
- 25
なにかさけのさかなをすこし。
A little something to go with the sake.
何somethingかsomething酒sakeのwithさかなsnackをobject少し。a little - 26
かしこまりました。
Certainly.
かしこまりcertainlyましpoliteた。past - 27
はやいことたのむよ。
Hurry it, will you?
早いquicklyことquickly頼むhurry itよ。I tell you - 28
はい、はい。
Yes, sir.
はい、yesはい。yes sir - 29
おまちどおさまでした。おしゃくいたしましょう。
Sorry to have kept you waiting. Shall I pour you some sake?
おkept you waiting待ちkept you waiting遠うkept you waiting様kept you waitingでしisた。pastおpour sakeしゃくpour sakeいたしdo humblyましょう。shall I - 30
いただきます。
Thank you.
いただきthank youます。polite
- か
- either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
- さかな
- fish
- 少し。
- little (quantity)
- ましょう。
- let's (See Gram. Notes)
Finishing dinner and paying · Dialogue 6 of 7
After the meal
The diner says *御ちそう様*, "Thank you for the meal." A guest says this to the host after eating or drinking.
He then says *ちょっと、 かんじょうを 頼むよ*, "Waiter, bring me the bill, please." The server gives the total.
- 31
どうぞ
Please do.
どうぞplease do - 32
ごちそうさま。
Thank you for the meal.
御thanks for the mealちそうthanks for the meal様。thanks for the meal - 33
このビフテキはうまかった。
This steak was delicious.
このthisビフテキsteakはtopicうまかっdeliciousた。past - 34
ちょっと、かんじょうをたのむよ。
Waiter, bring me the bill, please.
ちょっと、heyかんじょうthe billをobject頼むbring meよ。I tell you - 35
かしこまりました。みんなでにせんさんびゃくえんでございます。
Certainly. The total is 2,300 yen.
かしこまりcertainlyましpoliteた。pastみんなtotalでas二千two thousand三百three hundred円yenでis御isざisいisます。polite - 36
では、これをたのむよ。
Well then, here you are.
でwell thenは、well thenこれthisをobject頼むtake thisよ。I tell you
- ちょっと、
- a little
- かんじょう
- calculation, payment, settlement of account
- みんな
- all
- 二千
- 2,000
- 三百
- 300
- 円
- yen (unit of money)
Thanking restaurant staff · Dialogue 7 of 7
Thanks on leaving
The diners tell the restaurant staff *どうも ありがとう 御ざいました*, "Thank you very much." This closes their visit after dinner.
- 37
どうもありがとうございました。
Thank you very much.
どうvery muchもvery muchありがとうthank you御wasざwasいwasましpoliteた。past
Direct questions and intentions · Perception drill, Block 1
A direct question about food
*何を 食べたいんだ* means "What do you want to eat?" The question word *何* asks for the food.
The final *だ* marks this as an abrupt informal question in men's speech.
Where da stands
*あれは だれだ* means "Who is that?" Here, *だ* follows the question word directly.
In informal questions with a question word, *だ* stands at the end. It follows the N or NO form of a verb.
- 38
なにをたべたいんだ。
What do you want to eat?
何whatをobject食べeatたいwant toんthe factだ。is - 39
どこへいくんだ。
Is there sake?
どこwhereへtoward行くgoんthe factだ。is - 40
ちょっとようじがあってくやくしょへいかなければならないんだ。
I have an errand to run, so I have to go to the ward office.
ちょっとa little用事errandがsubjectあっhaveてso区ward office役所ward officeへto行かgoなけれhave toばhave toならhave toないhave toんthe factだ。is - 41
こんばんなにをするんだ。
What are you going to do tonight?
今晩tonight何whatをobjectするdoんthe factだ。is - 42
こんばんはべんきょうするつもりだ。
I intend to study tonight.
今晩はtonight勉強studyするdoつもりintend toだ。is - 43
いつにほんへいくんだ。
When are you going to Japan?
いつwhen日本Japanへtoward行くgoんthe factだ。is - 44
らいしゅうのにちようびにサンフランシスコをしゅっぱつするつもりだ。
I intend to leave San Francisco next Sunday.
来週next weekの's日曜Sunday日SundayにonサンフランシスコSan Franciscoをobject出ぱつdepartするdoつもりintend toだ。is - 45
あれはだれだ。
Who is that?
あれthatはtopicだれwhoだ。is - 46
やまださんのおくさんだよ。
That’s Mr. Yamada’s wife.
山田YamadaさんMr.の's奥wifeさんwifeだisよ。I tell you - 47
これはいくらだ。
How much is this?
これthisはtopicいくらhow muchだ。is - 48
それはごひゃくえんでございます。
That is 500 yen.
それthatはtopic五百five hundred円yenでis御isざisいisます。polite
- ちょっと
- a little
- 用事
- personal business
- 区
- ward (See Cultural Notes)
- いつ
- when?
- 来週
- next week
- サンフランシスコ
- San Francisco
- だれ
- who?
- いくら
- how much? how many?
- 五百
- 500
Informal yes-or-no questions · Perception drill, Block 2
A conversational question
*酒は あるかい* means "Do you have sake?" The final *かい* makes an informal question in men's speech.
It is more conversational and less abrupt than *か*.
Kai after a plain form
*昨晩の 映画は おもしろかったかい* puts *かい* after a past I-adjective: "Was last night's movie interesting?"
*かい* follows a plain non-past or past verb, I-adjective, or noun. *だ* is dropped before it.
- 49
さけはあるかい。
Do you have sake?
酒sakeはtopicあるhaveかquestionい。question - 50
このぶんしょうのいみがわかるかい。
Do you understand the meaning of this passage?
このthis文章passageのofいみmeaningがsubjectわかるunderstandかquestionい。question - 51
ちっともわからないね。
I don’t understand it at all.
ちっともat allわからunderstandないnotね。right? - 52
こんしゅうのにちようびにいてんするんだが、てつだってくれるかい。
I’m moving this Sunday; will you help me?
今週this weekの's日曜Sunday日Sundayにon移転moveするdoんthe factだisが、but手つだっhelpてhelpくれるfor meかquestionい。question - 53
うん、てつだうよ。
Yes, I’ll help you.
うん、yes手つだうwill helpよ。I tell you - 54
さくばんのえいがはおもしろかったかい。
Was last night’s movie interesting?
昨晩last nightの's映画movieはtopicおもしろかっinterestingたpastかquestionい。question - 55
いや、あまりおもしろくなかったよ。
No, it wasn’t very interesting.
いや、noあまりveryおもしろくinterestingなかっnotたpastよ。I tell you - 56
スミスはいまごろよくべんきょうするかい。
Does Smith study hard these days?
スミスSmithはtopic今ごろthese daysよくhard勉強studyするdoかquestionい。question - 57
あまりべんきょうしないね。
He doesn’t study very much.
あまりvery much勉強studyしdoないnotね。right? - 58
おなかがすいたかい。
Are you hungry?
おなかstomachがsubjectすいgot hungryたpastかquestionい。question - 59
いや、まだすかないよ。
No, I’m not hungry yet.
いや、noまだyetすかhungryないnotよ。I tell you
- 文章
- sentence
- いみ
- meaning
- ちっとも
- not even a little (See Gram. Notes)
- 今週
- this week
- うん、
- Yes, all right.
- 手つだう
- to help
- 映画
- movie
- いや、
- no
- よく
- well, skillfully
- おなか
- stomach
- まだ
- yet, still
Direct questions about people and things · Pattern 1 1 of 3
Identity and ownership
*これは だれの 本だ* means "Whose book is this?" The question word and final *だ* make the question direct and informal.
Place and action
The same final *だ* follows a verb's N form in *君は どこへ 行くんだ*, "Where are you going?"
Other lines ask who someone is, what someone is doing, when someone returned, and how much a book costs.
- 60
いつにほんへいくんだ。
When are you going to Japan?
いつwhen日本Japanへtoward行くgoんthe factだ。is - 61
これはだれのほんだ。
Whose book is this?
これthisはtopicだれwhoの's本bookだ。is - 62
あれはだれだ。
Who is that?
あれthatはtopicだれwhoだ。is - 63
きみはどこへいくんだ。
Where are you going?
君youはtopicどこwhereへtoward行くgoんthe factだ。is - 64
きみはいつにほんからかえってきたんだ。
When did you come back from Japan?
君youはtopicいつwhen日本Japanからfrom帰っcame backてcame back来came backたpastんthe factだ。is - 65
たなかくんはいまなにをしてるんだ。
What is Tanaka doing now?
田中Tanaka君Mr.はtopic今now何whatをobjectしdoingてるdoingんthe factだ。is - 66
このほんはいくらだ。
How much is this book?
このthis本bookはtopicいくらhow muchだ。is
- 本
- numerical counter for counting long slender objects (See Notes)
- から
- from (See Gram. Notes)
Direct questions about plans · Pattern 1 2 of 3
Where dinner will be
*今晩 どこで 夕はんを 食べる つもりなんだ* means "Where are you planning to eat dinner tonight?"
The question word *どこ* and final *だ* make this a direct informal question in men's speech.
Where, what, and how old
*君は 年が いくつだ* means "How old are you?" Here, *だ* follows the question word directly.
The lines also ask where someone works, what he will eat, and where he bought a dictionary.
- 67
にほんえいがはなんじにはじまるんだ。
What time does the Japanese movie start?
日本Japanese映画movieはtopic何what time時what timeにat始まるstartんthe factだ。is - 68
こんばんどこでゆうはんをたべるつもりなんだ。
Where are you planning to eat dinner tonight?
今晩tonightどこwhereでat夕はんdinnerをobject食べるeatつもりplanning toなisんthe factだ。is - 69
たなかくんがはたらいているところはどこだ。
Where is the place where Tanaka works?
田中Tanaka君Mr.がsubject働いworksてworksいるworksところplaceはtopicどこwhereだ。is - 70
きみはとしがいくつだ。
How old are you?
君youはtopic年ageがsubjectいくhow oldつhow oldだ。is - 71
きみはなにをたべるんだ。
What are you going to eat?
君youはtopic何whatをobject食べるeatんthe factだ。is - 72
そうだね。ぼくはてんぷらにしよう。
Let's see. I'll have tempura.
そうlet me seeだisね。right?僕Iはtopic天ぷらtempuraにasしよう。will choose - 73
きみはこのえいわじしょをどこでかったんだ。
Where did you buy this English-Japanese dictionary?
君youはtopicこのthis英English-Japanese dictionaryわEnglish-Japanese dictionary字English-Japanese dictionaryしょEnglish-Japanese dictionaryをobjectどこwhereでat買っboughtたpastんthe factだ。is
- 時
- time
- な
- I wish, I hope, huh
- いる
- to need (See Gram. Notes)
- ところ
- place (See Gram. Notes)
- 年
- year (See Grammar Notes)
- わ
- counter for birds (See Gram. Notes)
Direct questions about past actions · Pattern 1 3 of 3
An action in progress
*田中君、 君は 昨晩 映画館の 前で 何を していたんだ* asks what Tanaka was doing there last night.
The N form before final *だ* makes the question abrupt and informal.
A place visited
*君は 昨晩 るすだったが、 どこに 行っていたんだ* says the listener was not home and asks where he went.
Both questions place *だ* after a verb for an action in the past.
- 74
にほんからおくってもらったんだ。
I had it sent from Japan.
日本Japanからfrom送っsentてsentもらっhad it doneたpastんthe factだ。is - 75
けさきみとはなしていたおんなはだれだ。
Who was the woman talking with you this morning?
けさthis morning君youとwith話しtalkingてtalkingいtalkingたpast女womanはtopicだれwhoだ。is - 76
おおきさんのおくさんだよ。
She's Mrs. Oki.
大木OkiさんMr.のs奥wifeさんwifeだisよ。I tell you - 77
たなかくん、きみはさくばんえいがかんのまえでなにをしていたんだ。
Tanaka, what were you doing in front of the movie theater last night?
田中Tanaka君、Mr.君youはtopic昨晩last night映画movie theater館movie theaterのof前frontでat何whatをobjectしwere doingてwere doingいwere doingたwere doingんyou seeだ。were - 78
ともだちをまっていたんです。いっしょにえいがをみにいくことになっていましたから。
I was waiting for a friend. We had arranged to go see a movie together.
友だちfriendをobject待っwas waitingてwas waitingいwas waitingたwas waitingんyou seeです。was一しょtogetherにtogether映画movieをobject見seeにto行くgo事arrangementにintoなっhad arrangedてhad arrangedいhad arrangedましhad arrangedたpastから。because - 79
きみはさくばんるすだったが、どこにいっていたんだ。
You weren't home last night; where did you go?
君youはtopic昨晩last nightるすnot at homeだっwereたpastが、butどこwhereにto行っwentてwentいwentたwentんyou seeだ。did - 80
デパートにかいものにいっていたんだ。
I went shopping at the department store.
デパートdepartment storeにto買物shoppingにfor行っwentてwentいwentたwentんyou seeだ。did
- と
- and (See Gram. Notes)
- 女
- female
- 前
- before, front
- です。
- to be (See Gram. Notes)
- るす
- absence, not at home
- が、
- but (See Gram. Notes)
- 買物
- shopping
Informal questions about help and health · Pattern 2 1 of 3
Asking for help
*明日 飛行場へ つれて 行ってくれるかい* means "Will you take me to the airport tomorrow?"
The final *かい* makes the request a conversational informal question in men's speech.
Health and completed actions
*君は かおが 赤いが、 ねつでも あるのかい* asks whether the listener has a fever.
The other questions use *かい* to ask about knowledge, a guest's departure, and a meeting the previous night.
- 81
きみもいっしょにいくかい。
Are you going with us too?
君youもtoo一緒togetherにtogether行くgoかquestionい。question - 82
ぼくといっしょにいくかい。
Are you going with me?
僕meとwith一緒togetherにtogether行くgoかquestionい。question - 83
あしたひこうじょうへつれていってくれるかい。
Will you take me to the airport tomorrow?
明日tomorrow飛行airport場airportへtowardつれtakeてtake行っtakeてtakeくれるfor meかquestionい。question - 84
きみはフランスごがわかるかい。
Do you understand French?
君youはtopicフランスFrench語Frenchがsubjectわかるunderstandかquestionい。question - 85
きみはかおがあかいが、ねつでもあるのかい。
Your face is red; do you have a fever?
君youはtopicかおfaceがsubject赤いredが、butねつfeverでwithもevenあるhaveのexplanationかquestionい。question - 86
おきゃくさんはもうかえられたかい。
Has the guest already left?
おguest客guestさんguestはtopicもうalready帰らleftれleftたpastかquestionい。question - 87
さくばんたなかさんにあったかい。
Did you see Mr. Tanaka last night?
昨晩last night田中TanakaさんMr.にwithあったかい。did you see
- 明日
- tomorrow
- かお
- face
- ねつ
- fever
- もう
- already (See Gram. Notes)
- あったかい。
- warm
Informal questions and invitations · Pattern 2 2 of 3
Kai after different words
*昨晩の 映画は おもしろかったかい* puts *かい* after a past I-adjective: "Was last night's movie interesting?"
*奥さんは 元気かい* puts it after a noun: "Is your wife well?"
Kai for facts and invitations
A plain verb also comes before *かい*. *君も 一緒に 来るかい* asks whether the friend wants to come with the group.
The same form asks for help and extends an invitation.
- 88
さくばんべんきょうしたかい。
Did you study last night?
昨晩last night勉強studyしdoたpastかquestionい。question - 89
さくばんのえいがはおもしろかったかい。
Was last night's movie interesting?
昨晩last nightのs映画movieはtopicおもしろかっinterestingたpastかquestionい。question - 90
おくさんはげんきかい。
Is your wife well?
奥wifeさんwifeはtopic元気wellかquestionい。question - 91
しごとがいそがしいかい。
Are you busy with work?
仕事workがsubjectいそがしいbusyかquestionい。question - 92
ぼくはこんしゅうまつあおやまにいてんすることになっているんだが、てつだってくれるかい。
I'm moving to Aoyama this weekend; will you help me?
僕Iはtopic今週this weekend末this weekend青山Aoyamaにto移転moveするdo事decidedにtoなっam setてam setいるam setんyou seeだisが、but手つだっhelpてhelpくれるfor meかquestionい。question - 93
ええ、てつだうとも。よろこんでてつだうよ。
Yes, of course I'll help. I'll be glad to help you.
ええ、yes手つだうwill helpとof courseも。of courseよろこんgladlyでgladly手つだうwill helpよ。I tell you - 94
ぼくはこんばんやまださんをつれてえいがをみにいくんだが、きみもいっしょにくるかい。
I'm taking Mr. Yamada to see a movie tonight; would you like to come with us?
僕Iはtopic今晩tonight山田YamadaさんMr.をobjectつれtakeてtake映画movieをobject見seeにto行くgoんyou seeだamが、but君youもtoo一緒togetherにtogether来るcomeかquestionい。question
- いそがしい
- busy
Informal questions about recent events · Pattern 2 3 of 3
A recent meeting
*きのう 田中君が 君を さがしていたが、 あったかい* asks whether the listener saw Tanaka yesterday.
The past verb comes before *かい*, making a conversational informal question.
A test and a return home
*今日の 試験は むずかしかったかい* means "Was today's test difficult?" Here, *かい* follows a past I-adjective.
Another line asks whether the children have returned home from school.
- 95
うん、おともするよ。
Yes, I'll come along.
うん、yesおcome along供するcome alongよ。I tell you - 96
きのうたなかくんがきみをさがしていたが、あったかい。
Tanaka was looking for you yesterday; did you see him?
きのうyesterday田中Tanaka君Mr.がsubject君youをobjectさがしwas looking forてwas looking forいwas looking forたwas looking forが、butあったかい。did you see - 97
うん、あったよ。
Yes, I saw him.
うん、yesあっsawたpastよ。I tell you - 98
きょうのしけんはむずかしかったかい。
Was today's test difficult?
今日todayのs試験testはtopicむずかしかっdifficultたpastかquestionい。question - 99
いいえ、みなならったことばかりでしたから、ちっともむずかしくはありませんでした。
No, it wasn't difficult at all, because it was all things we had learned.
いいえ、no皆all習っhad learnedたhad learned事thingsばかりonlyでしwereたpastから、becauseちっともat allむずかしくdifficultはtopicありwasませnotんnotでしwasた。past - 100
こどもはがっこうからかえってきたかい。
Have the children come home from school?
子供childrenはtopic学校schoolからfrom帰っcame homeてcame home来came homeたpastかquestionい。question - 101
いいえ、まだかえらないんですよ。どうしたのでしょう。
No, they still haven't come home. I wonder what happened.
いいえ、noまだstill帰らcome homeないnotんyou seeですisよ。I tell youどうwhatしhappenedたpastのexplanationでしょう。I wonder
- ばかり
- about
- から、
- from (See Gram. Notes)
- でしょう。
- probably (See Gram. Notes)
Dining at a Tokyo steakhouse · Reading Selection 1 of 2
Dinner at Suehiro
Miller wants steak and asks Shimamura to take him somewhere. Shimamura recommends Suehiro because it is considered a first-class steakhouse.
At the restaurant, *「すえひろ」へ 行って ビフテキを ちゅうもんする 前に 酒を 持って 来るように 女給仕に 頼んだ* says they ask the waitress to bring sake before ordering steak.
- 102
ミラーさんはビフテキがたべたくなったので、ゆうじんのしまむらさんをさそってどこかへあんないしてもらうようにたのんだ。
Mr. Miller felt like eating steak, so he invited his friend Mr. Shimamura and asked him to take him somewhere.
ミラーMillerさんMr.はtopicビフテキsteakがsubject食べfelt like eatingたくfelt like eatingなっfelt like eatingたfelt like eatingのbecauseで、because友人friendのs島村ShimamuraさんMr.をobjectさそっinvitedてinvitedどこsomewhereかsomewhereへtoward案内guideしdoてguideもらうhave himようso thatにso that頼んaskedだ。past - 103
とうきょうには「みその」、「りき」などのビフテキ・ハウスがあるが、「すえひろ」はずっとまえからいちりゅうのビフテキ・ハウスといわれているから、しまむらさんもそこへいくようにすすめた。
Tokyo has steak houses such as Misono and Riki, but Suehiro has long been considered a first-class steak house, so Mr. Shimamura suggested that they go there.
東京Tokyoにinはtopic「みそMisonoの」、Misono「りRikiき」Rikiなどsuch asのofビフテキ・steak houseハウスsteak houseがsubjectあるexistが、but「すえSuehiroひろ」Suehiroはtopicずっとlong前beforeからfrom一first classりゅうfirst classのofビフテキ・steak houseハウスsteak houseとquote言わis consideredれis consideredてis consideredいるis consideredから、because島村ShimamuraさんMr.もalsoそこthereへtoward行くgoようthatにtoすすめsuggestedた。past - 104
しまむらさんはミラーさんがどうしてもおごるというので、おともすることにした。
Since Mr. Miller insisted on treating him, Mr. Shimamura decided to go along.
島村ShimamuraさんMr.はtopicミラーMillerさんMr.がsubjectどうabsolutelyしabsolutelyてabsolutelyもabsolutelyおごるtreatとquote言うsaidのbecauseで、becauseおcome along供するcome along事decisionにtoしdecidedた。past - 105
「すえひろ」へいってビフテキをちゅうもんするまえにさけをもってくるようにじょきゅうじにたのんだ。
When they went to Suehiro, before ordering steak, they asked the waitress to bring them some sake.
「すえSuehiroひろ」Suehiroへtoward行っwentてwentビフテキsteakをobjectちゅうorderもんorderするdo前beforeにat酒sakeをobject持っbringてbring来るbringようso thatにso that女waitress給仕waitressにto頼んaskedだ。past - 106
とうきょうではにほんりょうり、せいようりょうり、ちゅうかりょうり、メキシコりょうりなどとせかいのくにぐにのたべものはほとんどなんでもたべることができる。
In Tokyo, you can eat almost any kind of food from countries around the world, including Japanese, Western, Chinese, and Mexican food.
東京Tokyoでinはtopic日本Japanese料理、food西洋Western料理、food中ChineseかChinese料理、foodメキシコMexican料理foodなどsuch asとandせかいworldのof国々countriesのof食べ物foodはtopicほとんどalmost何anythingでanythingもanything食べるeat事actがsubject出来る。can
- で、
- --is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
- 友人
- friend
- もらう
- to receive (tangible things)
- き」
- counter for airplanes (See Gram. Notes)
- など
- and so forth, etc.
- ずっと
- by far; very much
- 言う
- to say
- メキシコ
- Mexico
- せかい
- world
- 国々
- countries
- 食べ物
- food
- ほとんど
- almost (See Gram. Notes)
- 出来る。
- to be manufactured; to be produced (v.i.)
Tokyo restaurants and tipping · Reading Selection 2 of 2
Restaurants in Tokyo
The passage names restaurants for Mexican and Chinese food. It also says that Japanese restaurants serve different specialties.
*日本の 料理屋では サービス料が 大抵の 場合かんじょうに 入れてあるので、 ぽちは やらなくても いいそうだ* says the bill usually includes service, so a tip is unnecessary.
- 107
しんばしえきのすぐそばにある「ボヘミアン・クラブ」はメキシコりょうりでゆうめいなところだ。
The Bohemian Club, right near Shimbashi Station, is a place famous for Mexican food.
新橋Shimbashi駅Stationのofすぐrightそばnearにatあるlocated「ボヘミアン・Bohemian Clubクラブ」Bohemian ClubはtopicメキシコMexican料理foodでfor有名famousなfamous所placeだ。is - 108
ちゅうかりょうりでいちばんゆうめいなのは「リュー・ユアン」で、そのほか「スンヤ」、「ホンコン」、「チャイナ・ハウス」などゆうめいなちゅうかりょうりやがある。
The most famous Chinese restaurant is Liu Yuan, and there are also other famous Chinese restaurants such as Sunya, Hong Kong, and China House.
中ChineseかChinese料理foodでamong一番most有名famousなfamousのoneはtopic「リュー・Liu Yuanユアン」Liu Yuanで、isそのthose外besides「スンSunyaヤ」、Sunya「ホンコン」、Hong Kong「チャイナ・China Houseハウス」China Houseなどsuch as有名famousなfamous中ChineseかChinese料理food屋restaurantがsubjectある。exist - 109
にほんりょうりはいろいろせんもんのりょうりやがあって、それぞれせんもんのにほんりょうりをサービスしている。
There are various specialty restaurants for Japanese food, and each serves its own specialty Japanese dishes.
日本Japanese料理foodはtopic色々variousせん門specialtyのof料理food屋restaurantがsubjectあっexistて、existそれぞれeachせん門specialtyのof日本Japanese料理foodをobjectサービスserveしdoてserveいる。serve - 110
にほんのりょうりやではサービスりょうがたいていのばあいかんじょうにいれてあるので、ぽちはやらなくてもいいそうだ。
At Japanese restaurants, the service charge is usually included in the bill, so they say you do not have to leave a tip.
日本Japaneseのof料理food屋restaurantでatはtopicサービスservice charge料service chargeがsubject大抵usuallyのof場合casesかんじょうbillにin入れincludedてincludedあるincludedのbecauseで、becauseぽちtipはtopicやらgiveなくnotてeven ifもeven ifいいneed notそうreportedlyだ。is
- 駅
- railroad station
- すぐ
- right away, immediately
- そば
- vicinity
- 一番
- number one (See Grammar Notes)
- それぞれ
- respectively
- サービス
- service
- いる。
- to need (See Gram. Notes)
Choosing and ordering steak · Questions 1 of 2
From invitation to order
The questions ask why Miller and Shimamura choose Suehiro and what they do there before ordering steak.
*島村さんは どこへ 行くように すすめましたか* means "Where did Mr. Shimamura suggest going?" An answer names the restaurant.
- 111
ミラーさんはなにがたべたくなりましたか。
What did Mr. Miller feel like eating?
ミラーMillerさんMr.はtopic何whatがsubject食べfelt like eatingたくfelt like eatingなりfelt like eatingましfelt like eatingたpastか。question - 112
だれをさそいましたか。
Whom did he invite?
だれwhomをobjectさそいinvitedましinvitedたpastか。question - 113
とうきょうにはどんなビフテキ・ハウスがありますか。
What steak houses are there in Tokyo?
東京Tokyoにinはtopicどんなwhat kind ofビフテキ・steak houseハウスsteak houseがsubjectありexistますpoliteか。question - 114
しまむらさんはどこへいくようにすすめましたか。
Where did Mr. Shimamura suggest going?
島村ShimamuraさんMr.はtopicどこwhereへtoward行くgoようthatにtoすすめsuggestedましsuggestedたpastか。question - 115
なぜそこへいくようにすすめましたか。
Why did he suggest going there?
なぜwhyそこthereへtoward行くgoようthatにtoすすめsuggestedましsuggestedたpastか。question - 116
なぜしまむらさんはミラーさんのおともをすることにしましたか。
Why did Mr. Shimamura decide to accompany Mr. Miller?
なぜwhy島村ShimamuraさんMr.はtopicミラーMillerさんMr.のsおaccompany供accompanyをobjectするdo事decisionにtoしdecidedましdecidedたpastか。question - 117
すえひろでビフテキをちゅうもんするまえにどうしましたか。
What did they do before ordering steak at Suehiro?
すえSuehiroひろSuehiroでatビフテキsteakをobjectちゅうorderもんorderするdo前beforeにatどうwhatしdidましdidたpastか。question
- どんな
- what kind of; what sort of
- ビフテキ・
- beef steak
- ます
- trout
- なぜ
- why?
International restaurants and service charges · Questions 2 of 2
Restaurants and tipping
The questions ask which restaurants serve international food and why a tip is unnecessary in Japan.
*なぜ はらわなくても いいですか* means "Why don't you have to leave one?" An answer gives the reason from the reading.
- 118
とうきょうではどんなりょうり(たべもの)をたべることができますか。
What kinds of food can you eat in Tokyo?
東京Tokyoでinはtopicどんなwhat kind of料理food(食べ物)foodをobject食べるeat事actがsubject出来canますpoliteか。question - 119
メキシコりょうりでゆうめいなところはどこですか。
What place is famous for Mexican food?
メキシコMexican料理foodでfor有名famousなfamous所placeはtopicどこwhereですisか。question - 120
ちゅうかりょうりでいちばんゆうめいなのはどこですか。
Which is the most famous Chinese restaurant?
中ChineseかChinese料理foodでamong一番most有名famousなfamousのoneはtopicどこwhereですisか。question - 121
そのほかどんなちゅうかりょうりやがありますか。
What other Chinese restaurants are there?
そのthose外besidesどんなwhat kind of中ChineseかChinese料理food屋restaurantがsubjectありexistますpoliteか。question - 122
にほんりょうりはどうですか。
What about Japanese food?
日本Japanese料理foodはtopicどうhowですisか。question - 123
にほんのりょうりやではポチをはらわなければなりませんか。
At Japanese restaurants, do you have to leave a tip?
日本Japaneseのof料理food屋restaurantでatはtopicポチtipをobjectはらわpayなけれmustばmustなりmustませnotんnotか。question - 124
なぜはらわなくてもいいですか。
Why don't you have to leave one?
なぜwhyはらわpayなくnotてeven ifもeven ifいいneed notですisか。question
- (食べ物)
- food
- ポチ
- tip
Informal friendship and dining words · Word list 1 of 4
Friends making dinner plans
These words cover friends making dinner plans, from *君*, "you", to *おごる*, "to treat".
*日本料理* means "Japanese food", one choice for the meal.
- 125
くん
suffix to a name, Mr. (See cult. notes)
君Mr. - 126
きみ
you
君you - 127
ひまか
same as HIMA DESU KA (See notes)
ひまかare you free? - 128
どっか
some place, somewhere, same as doko ka
どっかsomewhere - 129
うまい
savory, delicious, good
うまいdelicious - 130
くう
eat (vt)
食うeat - 131
おごる
to treat
おごるtreat someone - 132
ほんとかね。
true
ほんとかね。is it true? - 133
よかろう
that's good!
よかろうthat's good - 134
おともする
I'll go with you.
お供するgo with you - 135
にほんりょうり
Japanese food
日本料理Japanese food
- ひまか
- same as HIMA DESU KA (See notes)
- どっか
- some place, somewhere, same as doko ka
- 食う
- eat (vt)
- ほんとかね。
- true
- よかろう
- that's good!
- お供する
- I'll go with you.
- 日本料理
- Japanese food
Food and steakhouse words · Word list 2 of 4
Choosing a steakhouse
These words cover cuisines and choosing a steakhouse. *西洋料理* means "Western style food", and *安っぽい* means "cheap".
Informal male self-reference and confirmation appear beside the restaurant words. *僕* means "I" in men's speech.
- 136
せいようりょうり
Western style food
西洋料理Western food - 137
ちゅうかりょうり
Chinese food
中か料理Chinese food - 138
りょうり(する)
cooking, dishes, delicacies, (cook, prepare food,) (vt)
料理(する)cooking - 139
ぼく
I (see notes)
僕I - 140
ビフテキ
beef steak
ビフテキbeef steak - 141
すえひろ
name of a steak house restaurant
すえひろSuehiro restaurant - 142
やすっぽい
cheap
安っぽいcheap - 143
な
I wish, I hope, huh
なI hope - 144
ビフテキ・ハウス
steak house
ビフテキ・ハウスsteakhouse - 145
--なんだよ
abrupt form of --nan desu yo (emphatic "is")
--なんだよemphatically is - 146
メニュー
menu
メニューmenu
- 西洋料理
- Western style food
- 中か料理
- Chinese food
- 料理(する)
- cooking, dishes, delicacies, (cook, prepare food,) (vt)
- すえひろ
- name of a steak house restaurant
- ビフテキ・ハウス
- steak house
- --なんだよ
- abrupt form of --nan desu yo (emphatic "is")
Sake service and meal phrases · Word list 3 of 4
From a request to the bill
These phrases cover abrupt requests, sake service, meal courtesies, and the bill. *見せてくれ* means "show me".
*いただきます* is said before eating or drinking. *かんじょうを頼むよ* asks for the bill.
- 147
みせてくれ
show me (see Gram. notes)
見せてくれshow me - 148
のみもの
things to drink, beverages
飲み物beverages - 149
さけ
Sake, rice wine
酒sake - 150
---か
question (See Gram. notes)
---かquestion - 151
さけのさかな
accompaniments for sake
酒のさかなsnacks with sake - 152
はやいことたのむよ
Hurry it, will you?
早いこと頼むよhurry, please - 153
おしゃく(する)
serving (to serve sake or beer)
おしゃく(する)serve drinks - 154
いただきます
I shall start the meal. (See Cult. notes.)
いただきますlet's eat - 155
ごちそうさま
Thanks for the feast. (See cult. notes)
御ちそう様thanks for the meal - 156
ちょっと
way of calling attention
ちょっとexcuse me - 157
かんじょうをたのむよ
(to calculate), please make out a bill (of fare)
かんじょうを頼むよbring the bill
- 見せてくれ
- show me (see Gram. notes)
- 飲み物
- things to drink, beverages
- ---か
- question (See Gram. notes)
- 酒のさかな
- accompaniments for sake
- 早いこと頼むよ
- Hurry it, will you?
- おしゃく(する)
- serving (to serve sake or beer)
- いただきます
- I shall start the meal. (See Cult. notes.)
- 御ちそう様
- Thanks for the feast. (See cult. notes)
- かんじょうを頼むよ
- (to calculate), please make out a bill (of fare)
Restaurant service and hospitality words · Word list 4 of 4
Hospitality and restaurant service
These words cover hospitality, restaurant recommendations, tipping, and staff. *御ちそうになる* means "to be treated".
*ポチ* means "tip", and *女給仕* means "waitress".
- 158
ごちそうになる
to enjoy refreshments at other's expense, to be treated to, to receive a person's hospitality.
御ちそうになるbe treated - 159
すすめる
to recommend
すすめるrecommend - 160
りょうりや
restaurant
料理屋restaurant - 161
ポチ
tip
ポチtip - 162
それぞれ
respectively
それぞれrespectively - 163
くにぐに
countries, nations
国々countries - 164
たべもの
food
食べ物food - 165
いちりゅうの
first class
一りゅうのfirst-class - 166
おんなきゅうじ
waitress
女給仕waitress
Guide for Free Conversation
1 You have taken some Japanese friends to a restaurant for dinner as your guests. Find out what each one wants, place the orders.
2 Telephone the Suehiro Restaurant and order dinner. Include the following information:
a Who you are.
b How many will be in your party.
c When you are coming.
d What you would like to eat and drink.
3 Tell the waitress:
a to bring some water.
b to bring more Sake.
c that you want a little more rice.
d that you don't want any beer.
e to bring the bill.
f that you enjoyed your meal.Homework
1 Memorize the Dialogue and the vocabulary.
2 Study Grammar Perception Drill and Pattern Practice
3 Learn to read and write Kanji.
4 Read the Explanatory Notes and the Guide for Free Conversation.- 御ちそうになる
- to enjoy refreshments at other's expense, to be treated to, to receive a person's hospitality.
- すすめる
- to recommend
- 料理屋
- restaurant
- 一りゅうの
- first class
- 女給仕
- waitress
The particulars
- The course
- Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours.
- Reading aloud
- Digital narration, directed by 1732 Studios.
- The book
- Botchan, the work this course leads to, free to read here.
- Data
- JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents