Japanese · Lesson 68
Lesson 68
Kanji and everyday Japanese
Telephone greetings and family health · Dialogue 1 of 7
A call about the family
A caller asks for Mrs. Miller in *もしもし、 ミラーさんの 奥さんで いらっしゃいますか*. It means "Hello, is this Mrs. Miller?"
Mrs. Miller and Murata then ask about each other's family and health.
A more polite request
*少々 お待ち くださいませ。 ただ今 お呼びいたします* means "Please wait a moment. I will call her now."
In *くださいませ*, *ませ* follows the honorific imperative *ください*. The result is a polite command.
Kanji: 寒
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 1
もしもし、ミラーさんのおくさんでいらっしゃいますか。
Hello, is this Mrs. Miller?
もしもし、helloミラーMillerさんMr.の's奥wifeさんwifeでisいらっしゃいisますpoliteか。question - 2
しょうしょうおまちくださいませ。ただいまおよびいたします。
Please wait a moment. I will call her now.
少々a momentおhonorific待ちwaitくださいpleaseませ。politeただnow今nowおhonorific呼びcallいたしhumbly doます。polite - 3
もしもしミラーでございますが、おまたせいたしました。
Hello, this is Mrs. Miller. I am sorry to have kept you waiting.
もしもしhelloミラーMillerでam御amざamいamますpoliteが、butおhonorific待たkept waitingせkept waitingいたしhumbly didましpoliteた。past - 4
むらたでございます。おさむいようでございますが、おかわりございませんか。
This is Murata. It seems to be cold, but have you been well?
村田Murataでam御amざamいamます。politeおhonorific寒いcoldようseemsでis御isざisいisますpoliteが、butおhonorific変りchange御have beenざhave beenいhave beenませnot, politeんnot, politeか。question - 5
ありがとうございます。おかげさまでしごくげんきでおります。おたくでは。
Thank you. Thanks to you, I am extremely well. And your family?
ありがとうthank you御thank youざthank youいthank youます。politeおかげthanks様to youでdue toしごくextremely元気wellでamおりamます。politeおhonorific宅familyでas forは。topic - 6
おかげさまで、みなかぜもひかず、げんきですごしております。
Thanks to you, everyone is getting along well without even catching a cold.
おかげthanks様to youで、due to皆everyoneかぜcoldもeven引かcatchず、without元気wellでandすごしgetting alongてgetting alongおりareます。polite
DEWA, "if it is ---."
Following nouns and pronouns and some particles, DEWA expresses conditional and can be expressed in English as "if it is ---." Note that the clause following DEWA will usually be in negative or will have a negative meaning.
Examples:
WATAKUSHI DEWA DAME DESU. "If it is I, it won't do."
KONNA TENKI DEWA IKEMASEN. "If it's weather like this, we can't go."
HON O YOMU DAKE DEWA WAKARIMASEN. "If it's just by reading books, I wouldn't understand."
Conditional in -TEWA and -DEWA.
The particle WA following the TE-form of verbs (at times DE) and i-adjectives express a conditional idea "if". Note also that the main clause following -TEWA or -DEWA will usually be in the negative or will have a negative implication.
Examples:
SONNA NI HAYAKU YONDEWA WAKARIMASEN. "If you read so fast, I can't understand it."
SONNA NI TAKUSAN TABETEWA KARADA NI WARUI DESU YO. "If you eat so much, it will be bad for your health."
KONNA NI AME GA FUTTEWA IKANAI HOO GA II DESHOO. "If it rains like this, we had better not go."
KONNA NI SAMUKUTEWA KAZE O HIKIMASU. "If it's cold like this, we'll catch cold."Interrogative Words + TE-form of verbs + YOI KA WAKARIMASEN.
Interrogative words such as NANI, DOKO, ITSU and so forth, plus TE-form of verbs, plus YOI KA WAKARIMASEN express the idea of "don't know what (where, when) to do such-and-such (or I should do such-and-such). In place of WAKARIMASEN you may use SHIRIMASEN.
Examples:
KOMBAN NANI O TABETE YOI KA WAKARIMASEN. "I don't know what to eat tonight."
DOO SHITE YOI KA WAKARIMASEN. "I don't know what to do."
DOKO E ITTE YOI KA WAKARIMASEN. "I don't know where to go."
DARE NI KIITE YOI KA WAKARIMASEN. "I don't know whom to ask."
ITSU MUKAE NI ITTE YOI NO KA SHIRIMASEN. "I don't know when I should go to get him."Notes on MASE (MASHI)
MASE is an imperative form of MASU and is used only with imperative form of such honorific verbs as NASARU, KUDASARU, IRASSHARU, OSSHARU to indicate polite imperative. MASHI and MASE are interchangeably used.
Examples:
HAYAKU NASAI (MASE) / (MASHI) "Please do it quickly."
OHAIRI KUDASAI (MASE) / (MASHI) "Please come in."
KOMBAN IRASSHAI (MASE) / (MASHI) "Please come tonight."
Note: Forms ending in MASE or MASHI are more typical of women's speech.Japanese etiquette on eating.
When an intimate friend is invited to dinner, he will find, as a rule, that the menu consists of from three to five dishes, besides the regular boiled rice, soup, and pickled vegetables, and is usually made up as follows:
Soup (Suimono, or clear soup; MISO-SHIRU, or MISO soup)
NIMONO, or boiled foods (boiled vegetables, fish or meat)
YAKIMONO or AGEMONO or both (broiled or deep-fried vegetables, fish or meat)
SUNOMONO (vinegar vegetables, fish or shellfish)
AEMONO (dressed vegetables, fish or shellfish)
HITASHIMONO (boiled greens in soy sauce)
MUSHIMONO (steamed foods)
SASHIMI (sliced raw fish)
KOONOMONO (pickles)
These dishes are served either on the table for all present or separately for each guest, set on a small square meal-tray.
Generally speaking, every dish served has its own place on the table. Illustration given in the Basic Dialogue shows one of the commonest examples of an ordinary meal.
Steamed foods are served mostly in winter, so a dish of this type is generally brought out after the soup is eaten and put in the place marked (2), because it has to be eaten before it becomes cold. Not infrequently Western-style or Chinese-style dishes are served in place of the dishes marked (3), (4), and (6).- もしもし、
- hello
- の
- See Grammar Notes
- で
- --is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
- いらっしゃい
- please come; please go (See Cult. notes)
- ます
- trout
- か。
- either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
- 少々
- a little
- ください
- please give me (See Gram. Notes)
- ただ
- merely
- が、
- but (See Gram. Notes)
- しごく
- extremely, very much
- は。
- leaves
- かぜ
- wind
Dinner invitation and dining guidance · Dialogue 2 of 7
An invitation for Saturday
Mrs. Murata invites Mrs. Miller to dinner on Saturday. *では、 五時半ごろ いらっしゃって くださいませんか* means "Then, could you please come around five-thirty?"
Mrs. Miller accepts and says that she will visit at that time.
Learning how to eat the meal
Mrs. Miller says that she does not know how to eat Japanese food. Mrs. Murata offers to teach her.
*本を 読むだけでは ちょっと わかりにくう 御ざいますわね* means "Understanding from a book alone is difficult, isn't it?"
Here, *だけでは* presents reading a book alone as the condition. The result is difficulty understanding.
Kanji: 飯, 幸, 喜
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 7
ミラーさん、こんしゅうのどようびにばんごはんをさしあげたいとおもっているのですが。
Mrs. Miller, I would like to give you dinner this Saturday.
ミラーMillerさん、Mrs.今週this weekのof土曜Saturday日Saturdayにon晩御飯dinnerをobjectさしあげgiveたいwant toとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいるam thinkingのthe factですisが。though - 8
それはどうもありがとうございます。さいわいせんやくもございませんし、よろこんでおうけいたします。
Thank you very much. Fortunately, I have no previous engagement, so I will be happy to accept.
それthatはtopicどうvery muchもvery muchありがとうthank you御thank youざthank youいthank youます。polite幸いfortunately先約previous engagementもalso御haveざhaveいhaveませnot, politeんnot, politeし、so喜んgladlyでgladlyおhonorific受けacceptいたしhumbly doます。polite - 9
では、ごじはんごろいらっしゃってくださいませんか。おまちしております。
Then, could you please come around five-thirty? I will be expecting you.
でthenは、then五five時o'clock半halfごろaroundいらっしゃっcomeてcomeくださいpleaseませnot, politeんnot, politeか。questionおhonorific待ちwaitしdoてandおりamます。polite - 10
では、どようのばんごじはんごろおうかがいいたします。さようなら。
Then I will visit you around five-thirty Saturday evening. Good-bye.
でthenは、then土曜Saturdayの's晩evening五five thirty時five thirty半five thirtyごろaroundおhonorificうかがいwill visitいたしwill visitます。will visitさようなら。goodbye - 11
わたくし、にほんりょうりのたべかたをちっともぞんじませんのですが。
vinegar food
私、I日本Japanese food料理Japanese foodのof食べhow to eat方how to eatをobjectちっともnot at all存じdo not knowませdo not knowんdo not knowのyou seeですisが。though - 12
ほんをよむだけではちょっとわかりにくうございますわね。なんでしたら、おおしえいたしましょうか。おおしえするがらではありませんが。
It is a little hard to understand just by reading a book, isn’t it? If you like, shall I teach you? I am hardly qualified to teach, though.
本bookをobject読むreadだけonlyでbyはtopicちょっとa littleわかりhard to understandにくうhard to understand御isざisいisますisわgentle emphasisね。right?何if you likeでしif you likeたら、if you likeおhonorific教えshall I teachいたしshall I teachましょうshall I teachか。questionおhonorific教えteachするteachがらqualified personでasはforありam notませam notんam notが。though
- 今週
- this week
- に
- on (See Gram. Notes)
- 晩御飯
- evening meal, dinner
- を
- particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)
- と
- and (See Gram. Notes)
- いる
- to need (See Gram. Notes)
- です
- to be (See Gram. Notes)
- が。
- but (See Gram. Notes)
- は
- leaves
- ます。
- trout
- 幸い
- fortunately
- 先約
- previous engagement
- し、
- city
- 五
- five
- 時
- time
- ちっとも
- not even a little (See Gram. Notes)
- 本
- numerical counter for counting long slender objects (See Notes)
- だけ
- only, just (See Grammar Notes)
- ちょっと
- a little
- わ
- counter for birds (See Gram. Notes)
- ね。
- isn't it (See Grammar Notes)
- ましょう
- let's (See Gram. Notes)
Japanese meal trays and dishes · Dialogue 3 of 7
A meal served on a tray
Mrs. Murata begins her explanation of an ordinary meal. *日本の お料理は 大抵 おぜんに のせて 出します* means "Japanese food is usually served on a tray."
The next lines name *御飯* as "rice" and *茶わん* as "rice bowl." *すい物* is "clear soup."
The dishes of a meal
*日本の お料理は 大抵 おぜんに のせて 出します* introduces the tray used for an ordinary meal.
A dinner for an intimate friend has three to five dishes. Boiled rice, soup, and pickled vegetables come with them.
The dishes can include simmered, grilled, fried, steamed, vinegared, or dressed food, raw fish, and greens in soy sauce.
Each dish has its own place. Dishes may be shared on a table or served separately on a small square meal tray.
- 13
どうぞ、おねがいいたします。むらたさんですと、えんりょなくおしえていただけますわ。
pickled vegetables
どうぞ、pleaseおhonorific願いpleaseいたしpleaseます。please村田MurataさんMr.ですisと、ifえんりょwithout reserveなくwithout reserve教えteach meてteach meいただけcan have youますcan have youわ。gentle emphasis - 14
そんなにむずかしいものではございません。ただにさんおぼえておくとよいことがございます。
It is not so difficult. There are just two or three things that it is good to remember.
そんなsoにsoむずかしいdifficultものthingでisはtopic御is notざis notいis notませis notん。is notただjust二two or three三two or threeおぼえrememberてrememberおくrememberとifよいgood事thingsがsubject御there areざthere areいthere areます。there are - 15
さようでございますか。どうぞおねがいいたします。
chopsticks
左様soでis御isざisいisますisか。questionどうぞpleaseおhonorific願いpleaseいたしpleaseます。please - 16
にほんのおりょうりはたいていおぜんにのせてだします。
Japanese food is usually served on a tray.
日本Japanの'sおhonorific料理cuisineはtopic大抵usuallyおhonorificぜんtrayにonのせserveてserve出しserveます。serve - 17
ごはん(ちゃわん)
rice (rice bowl)
御飯rice(茶わん)rice bowl - 18
すいもの
clear soup
すいclear soup物clear soup
- と、
- and (See Gram. Notes)
- わ。
- counter for birds (See Gram. Notes)
- むずかしい
- difficult
- もの
- things (tangible)
- 二
- two
- 三
- three
- よい
- good (See Gram. Notes)
- が
- but (See Gram. Notes)
- 御飯
- cooked rice
- (茶わん)
- rice bowl
Japanese dishes and chopsticks · Dialogue 4 of 7
The remaining places on the tray
The tray setting includes several kinds of food and their utensils.
*に物* is "simmered food." *やいた物、 フライした物 又は さしみ* is "grilled food, fried food, or sashimi."
The setting also includes *すの物*, "vinegared food," *こうの物*, "pickled vegetables," and *はし*, "chopsticks."
- 19
にもの
simmered food
にsimmered food物simmered food - 20
やいたもの、フライしたものまたはさしみ
grilled food, fried food, or sashimi
やいgrilledたgrilled物、foodフライfried foodしfried foodたfried food物fried food又orはorさしみsashimi - 21
さしみのしょうゆ
soy sauce for the sashimi
さしみsashimiのforしょうゆsoy sauce - 22
すのもの
vinegared food
すvinegared foodのvinegared food物vinegared food - 23
こうのもの
pickled vegetables
こうpickled vegetablesのpickled vegetables物pickled vegetables - 24
はし
chopsticks
はしchopsticks
- し
- city
- さしみ
- thinly sliced raw fish dish
- しょうゆ
- soy sauce
- はし
- chopsticks
Beginning a Japanese meal · Dialogue 5 of 7
Uncertain where to begin
Mrs. Miller sees the ordinary tray setting but does not know where to start.
*何から 食べ始めてよいか わかりませんので、 私、 いつも まごついてしまいますの* means she always becomes confused because she does not know what to eat first.
The words *何から 食べ始めてよいか わかりません* express that uncertainty.
Begin with the chopsticks
Mrs. Murata answers with *先ず はしを 取り出して、 さきの方を はし置に のせて 置きます*.
First, the diner takes out the chopsticks. Their tips rest on the chopstick stand.
Kanji: 普
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 25
はしおき
chopstick stand
はしchopstick restおきchopstick rest - 26
これがふつうのぜんだてです。
This is an ordinary table setting.
これthisがsubject普通ordinaryのofぜんだてtable settingです。is - 27
なにからたべはじめてよいかわかりませんので、わたくし、いつもまごついてしまいますの。
Since I do not know what I should start eating first, I always become confused.
何whatからfrom食べstart eating始めstart eatingてstart eatingよいshouldかwhetherわかりdo not knowませdo not knowんdo not knowのbecauseで、because私、Iいつalwaysもalwaysまごついbecome confusedてbecome confusedしまいbecome confusedますbecome confusedの。you see - 28
そうでしょうね。わたくしもせいようりょうりをたべるときに、どのフォークからつかってよいのか、どのスプーンからつかってよいのかわからなくてこまったことがたびたびございます。
I suppose so. When I eat Western food, I too have often been at a loss because I did not know which fork to use first or which spoon to use first.
そうsoでしょうI supposeね。right?私Iもtoo西洋Western food料理Western foodをobject食べるeat時whenに、atどのwhichフォークforkからfrom使っuseてuseよいshouldのthe oneか、questionどのwhichスプーンspoonからfrom使っuseてuseよいshouldのthe oneかquestionわからdid not knowなくdid not knowてdid not know困っwas at a lossたwas at a loss事occasionがsubjectたびたびoften御have hadざhave hadいhave hadます。have had - 29
まずなにからはじめますか。
What do you begin with first?
先ずfirst何whatからfrom始めbeginますbeginか。question - 30
まずはしをとりだして、さきのほうをはしおきにのせておきます。
First, take out the chopsticks and place their tips on the chopstick rest.
先ずfirstはしchopsticksをobject取り出しtake outて、take outさきtipsのof方partをobjectはchopstick restしchopstick rest置chopstick restにonのせplaceてplace置きplaceます。place
- ぜんだて
- arrangement of meal or a meal tray.
- です。
- to be (See Gram. Notes)
- から
- from (See Gram. Notes)
- か
- either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
- で、
- --is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
- いつ
- when?
- そう
- numerical counter for ships
- でしょう
- probably (See Gram. Notes)
- 西洋
- occident, the West
- に、
- on (See Gram. Notes)
- どの
- which (pre-substantive) (See Notes)
- フォーク
- fork
- スプーン
- spoon
- たびたび
- often, frequently
- さき
- tip, point
Eating rice and soup · Dialogue 6 of 7
The lids go outside the tray
*茶わんの ふたは 左、 すい物わんの ふたは 右の方の ぜんの 外に 置きます* states both positions.
The rice-bowl lid goes left of the tray, and the soup-bowl lid goes right. Both go outside the tray.
Rice, soup, then rice
*御飯を 一口 食べます* means "eat one bite of rice." The diner then drinks soup and eats another bite of rice.
After this sequence, anything except the pickled vegetables may be eaten.
- 31
それから。
And then?
それand then?から。and then? - 32
それから、ちゃわんとすいものわんのふたをとって、ちゃわんのふたはひだり、すいものわんのふたはみぎのほうのぜんのそとにおきます。
Then remove the lids from the rice bowl and the soup bowl, and place the rice-bowl lid to the left and the soup-bowl lid to the right, outside the tray.
それthenから、then茶わんrice bowlとandすいsoup bowl物soup bowlわんsoup bowlのofふたlidsをobject取っremoveて、remove茶わんrice bowlのofふたlidはtopic左、leftすいsoup bowl物soup bowlわんsoup bowlのofふたlidはtopic右rightのof方sideのofぜんtrayのof外outsideにat置きplaceます。place - 33
そうですか。わたくしはいつもそれをおぜんのうえにおこうとおもいましたが、ばしょがないのでこまりました。
Is that so? I always tried to put them on the tray, but I had trouble because there was no room.
そうsoですisか。question私Iはtopicいつalwaysもalwaysそれthemをobjectおhonorificぜんtrayのof上topにon置こうintended to putとquote思いthoughtましthoughtたthoughtが、but場所roomがsubjectないnoneのbecauseでbecause困りhad troubleましhad troubleた。had trouble - 34
それから、おちゃわんをとって、ごはんをひとくちたべます。それから、こんどはすいものわんをとって、おすいものをのみます。それからまたひとくちごはんをたべます。
Then take the rice bowl and eat one bite of rice. Next, take the soup bowl and drink some soup. Then eat another bite of rice.
それthenから、thenおhonorific茶わんrice bowlをobject取っtakeて、take御飯riceをobject一口one bite食べeatます。eatそれthenから、then今度nextはtopicすいsoup bowl物soup bowlわんsoup bowlをobject取っtakeて、takeおhonorificすいsoup物soupをobject飲みdrinkます。drinkそれthenからthen又another一口one bite御飯riceをobject食べeatます。eat - 35
ごはんをたべて、おすいものをのんでまたごはんですね。
You eat some rice, drink some soup, and then have rice again, right?
御飯riceをobject食べeatて、eatおhonorificすいsoup物soupをobject飲んdrinkでdrink又again御飯riceですisね。right? - 36
そうです。そのあとはおこうのもののほかはなにをたべてもよろしゅうございます。
That is right. After that, you may eat anything except the pickled vegetables.
そうsoです。isそのthat後afterはtopicおhonorificこうpickled vegetablesのpickled vegetables物pickled vegetablesのof外exceptはtopic何anythingをobject食べeatてeatもevenよろしゅうallowed御isざisいisます。is
- から。
- from (See Gram. Notes)
- 茶わん
- rice bowl
- わん
- bowl
- ふた
- lid
- 場所
- place, room
- 一口
- a mouthful
- 今度
- this time, next time
Ending meals with pickles · Dialogue 7 of 7
Pickles at the end
Mrs. Miller asks whether she should avoid the pickled vegetables. Mrs. Murata explains when they are eaten.
*こうの物は 御飯を 食べ終って お茶が 出た時に あがります* means "You eat the pickled vegetables after you finish the rice, when the tea is served."
*それで 食事は 終るのです* means "That brings the meal to an end."
- 37
こうのものはたべてはいけないのですか。
Shouldn’t I eat the pickled vegetables?
こうpickled vegetablesのpickled vegetables物pickled vegetablesはtopic食べeatてeatはifいけmust notないmust notのyou seeですisか。question - 38
こうのものはごはんをたべおわっておちゃがでたときにあがります。それでしょくじはおわるのです。
You eat the pickled vegetables after you finish the rice, when the tea is served. That brings the meal to an end.
こうpickled vegetablesのpickled vegetables物pickled vegetablesはtopic御飯riceをobject食べfinish eating終っfinish eatingてfinish eatingおhonorific茶teaがsubject出is servedたis served時whenにatあがりeatます。eatそれthusでthus食事mealはtopic終るendsのyou seeです。is
Saying conditions make things impossible · Perception drill, Block 1
A condition that prevents understanding
*そんなに 早く 話しては わかりません* means "I cannot understand if you speak so fast."
Here, *は* follows the verb's TE-form *話して*. Together, *話しては* presents speaking fast as the condition.
Conditions with nouns and adjectives
*私 一人では とても すませる 事は 出来ません* means "I could never finish it all by myself."
*では* follows a noun, pronoun, or some particles and means "if it is." The result is usually negative or has a negative meaning.
After a verb or I-adjective TE-form, *は* also marks a condition. *こんなに あつくては 食べられません* means "I cannot eat it when it is this hot."
- 39
ほんをよんだだけではわかりにくいです。
It is hard to understand just by reading the book.
本bookをobject読んreadだreadだけonlyでbyはtopicわかりhard to understandにくいhard to understandです。is - 40
そんなにはやくはなしてはわかりません。
I cannot understand if you speak so fast.
そんなsoにso早くfast話しspeakてspeakはifわかりcannot understandませcannot understandん。cannot understand - 41
こんなにあつくてはたべられません。
I cannot eat it when it is this hot.
こんなthisにthisあつくhotてhotはwhen食べcannot eatられcannot eatませcannot eatん。cannot eat - 42
ひとりでこのしごとをすませることができますか。
Can you finish this work by yourself?
一人aloneでbyこのthis仕事workをobjectすまfinishせるfinish事actがsubject出来canますcanか。question - 43
わたくしひとりではとてもすませることはできませんからたむらさんにてつだってもらっているのです。
I could never finish it all by myself, so I am having Mr. Tamura help me.
私I一人aloneでbyはtopicとてもneverすまfinishせるfinish事actはtopic出来cannotませcannotんcannotからso田村TamuraさんMr.にfrom手つだっhelp meてhelp meもらっam having himてam having himいるam having himのyou seeです。is - 44
こんなにさむくてはおよぎにいけませんね。
We cannot go swimming when it is this cold, can we?
こんなthisにthisさむくcoldてcoldはwhenおよぎswimにto行けcannot goませcannot goんcannot goね。right? - 45
そうですね。こんどもっとあったかいときにいきましょう。
That is right. Let’s go another time when it is warmer.
そうsoですisね。right今度another timeもっとmoreあったかいwarm時whenにat行きlet us goましょう。let us go - 46
たなかさん、そんなにはやくはしっては、わたくしはついていけませんよ。
Mr. Tanaka, if you run that fast, I cannot keep up with you.
田中Tanakaさん、Mr.そんなthatにthat早くfast走っrunてrunは、if私Iはtopicついcannot keep upてcannot keep up行けcannot keep upませcannot keep upんcannot keep upよ。I tell you - 47
でもはやくはしらないと、おそくなりますよ。
But if we do not run fast, we will be late.
でbutもbut早くfast走らdo not runないdo not runと、ifおそくlateなりbecomeますbecomeよ。I tell you - 48
これはこどもでもできるでしょうか。
Could even a child do this?
これthisはtopic子供childでevenもeven出来るcan doでしょうprobablyか。question - 49
こどもではできないでしょう。
A child probably could not do it.
子供childでasはfor出来cannot doないcannot doでしょう。probably - 50
きみ、そんなにあそんでは、べんきょうするひまがないだろう。
If you play that much, you will not have time to study.
君、youそんなthatにmuch遊んplayでplayは、if勉強studyするstudyひまtimeがsubjectないnoneだろう。probably - 51
いいえ、べんきょうはあさはやくおきてするのですから、じゅうぶんじかんはあります。
No, I get up early in the morning to study, so I have plenty of time.
いいえ、no勉強studyingはtopic朝morning早くearlyおきget upてget upするstudyのthe reasonですisから、becauseじゅうぶんplenty時間timeはtopicありhaveます。have
- だ
- to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)
- 一人
- one person
- とても
- very, indeed
- もっと
- more (See Gram. Notes)
- あったかい
- warm
- ましょう。
- let's (See Gram. Notes)
- おそく
- late (adverbial form of OSOI, be late, be slow)
- 出来る
- to be manufactured; to be produced (v.i.)
- 君、
- suffix to a name, Mr. (See cult. notes)
- ひま
- leisure time, free
- 朝
- morning
- 時間
- hour, time
Not knowing what to choose · Perception drill, Block 2
Not knowing where to begin
*何から 食べ始めて よいか わかりません* means "I do not know what I should start eating first."
The choice begins with *何から*, "from what." The verb takes its TE-form before *よいか わかりません*.
Uncertainty about an action
*どうしてよいか わからないので、 困っているんです* means "I am at a loss because I do not know what I should do."
A question word, a verb's TE-form, and *よいか わかりません* express uncertainty about what action one should take.
*知りません* may replace *わかりません*, as in *何時に 行ってよいのか 私も 知りません*.
- 52
なにからたべはじめてよいかわかりません。
I do not know what I should start eating first.
何whatからfrom食べstart eating始めstart eatingてstart eatingよいshouldかwhetherわかりdo not knowませdo not knowん。do not know - 53
こんばんなんじごろいかなければならないのですか。
Around what time do I have to go tonight?
今晩tonight何時ごろaround what time行かhave to goなけれhave to goばhave to goならhave to goないhave to goのyou seeですisか。question - 54
なんじにいってよいのかわたくしもしりません。
I do not know what time I may go either.
何what time時what timeにat行っmay goてmay goよいmayのthe oneかquestion私Iもtoo知りdo not knowませdo not knowん。do not know - 55
なにをたべますか。
What will you eat?
何whatをobject食べeatますeatか。question - 56
さあ、なにをちゅうもんしてよいかわからないから、あなたにまかせておきます。
Well, I do not know what I should order, so I will leave it up to you.
さあ、well何whatをobjectちゅうorderもんorderしorderてorderよいshouldかwhetherわからdo not knowないdo not knowから、soあなたyouにtoまかせleave it to youてleave it to youおきleave it to youます。leave it to you - 57
わたくしはどのいしゃにかかってよいのかわからないのですが、どのいしゃがいいかおしえてくれませんか。
I do not know which doctor I should see, so would you tell me which doctor is good?
私Iはtopicどのwhich医者doctorにtoかかっseeてseeよいshouldのthe oneかquestionわからdo not knowないdo not knowのyou seeですisが、thoughどのwhich医者doctorがsubjectいいgoodかwhether教えcould you tell meてcould you tell meくれcould you tell meませcould you tell meんcould you tell meか。question - 58
やまだせんせいはいいおいしゃさんですよ。
Dr. Yamada is a good doctor.
山田Yamada先生doctorはtopicいいgoodおhonorific医者doctorさんtitleですisよ。I tell you - 59
にほんへいくまえにいえをうるつもりですか。
Do you intend to sell your house before going to Japan?
日本Japanへtoward行くgo前beforeにat家houseをobject売るsellつもりintendですisか。question - 60
どうしてよいかわからないので、こまっているんです。
I am at a loss because I do not know what I should do.
どうwhatしdoてandよいshouldかwhetherわからknowないnotのthe factで、because困っat a lossてat a lossいるat a lossんthe factです。is - 61
こんげつまつにいてんされるそうですが、もううんそうてんにたのんだのですか。
I hear you are moving at the end of this month. Have you already arranged with a moving company?
今月this month末endにat移転are movingさare movingれるare movingそうI hearですisが、butもうalready運送moving company店moving companyにwith頼んarrangedだpastのthe factですisか。question - 62
いいえ、まだたのんでいないのです。どのうんそうてんにたのんでよいかわからないので。
No, I have not arranged with one yet, because I do not know which moving company I should ask.
いいえ、noまだyet頼んhave not arrangedでhave not arrangedいhave not arrangedないhave not arrangedのthe factです。isどのwhich運送moving company店moving companyにwith頼んaskでandよいshouldかwhetherわからknowないnotのthe factで。because
- なら
- if it is (See Gram. Notes)
- さあ、
- well, now, here, come
- 医者
- medical doctor
- いい
- good (See Gram. Notes)
- へ
- to (See Gram. Notes)
- 前
- before, front
- 家
- house, home
- 今月
- this month
- れる
- to be able to -- (See Grammar Notes)
- もう
- already (See Gram. Notes)
- 店
- store, shop
- まだ
- yet, still
Conditions preventing an action · Pattern 1 1 of 3
Conditions that stop an action
*子供では こんな 事は 出来ません* means "A child cannot do a thing like this." The *では* condition has a negative result.
The same condition follows a verb's TE-form in *そんなに なまけては そつぎょう 出来ないよ*. Being that lazy prevents graduation.
An adjective condition
*こんなに 古くては もう 売れませんよ* means "If it is this old, it will not sell anymore."
The I-adjective *古くて* takes *は*. The following clause gives the negative result.
- 63
こどもではこんなことはできません。
A child cannot do a thing like this.
子供childでasはtopicこんなthis kind of事thingはtopic出来can doませnot, politeん。not, polite - 64
こんなにあめがふってはいけません。
We cannot go when it is raining this hard.
こんなthis muchにto雨rainがsubject降っrainingてrainingはif行けgoませnot, politeん。not, polite - 65
こんなにふるくてはもううれませんよ。
If it is this old, it will not sell anymore.
こんなthis muchにto古くoldてbeingはifもうanymore売れsellませnot, politeんnot, politeよ。I tell you - 66
こんなふるいじどうしゃではニューヨークへはいけません。
You cannot go to New York in an old car like this.
こんなthis kind of古いold自動car車carでwithはtopicニューヨークNew Yorkへtowardはtopic行けgoませnot, politeん。not, polite - 67
おとこだけではおもしろくない。
It is no fun with only men.
男menだけonlyでwithはtopicおもしろくfunない。not - 68
パーカーさんのようなせいとではこのぶんしょうはやくせませんよ。
A student like Mr. Parker cannot translate this passage.
パーカーParkerさんMr.のof様likeなkind of生徒studentでasはtopicこのthis文章passageはtopicやくせtranslateませnot, politeんnot, politeよ。I tell you - 69
こんなわるいてんきではいかないほうがいいでしょう。
In bad weather like this, it would be better not to go.
こんなthis kind of悪いbad天気weatherでinはtopic行かgoないnot方choiceがsubjectいいbetterでしょう。probably - 70
きみはそんなになまけてはそつぎょうできないよ。
If you are that lazy, you will not be able to graduate.
君youはtopicそんなthat muchにtoなまけbe lazyてbeing lazyはifそつぎょうgraduate出来canないnotよ。I tell you - 71
そんなにはやくわすれてはだめですね。
You should not forget so quickly.
そんなthat muchにto早くquicklyわすれforgetてforgettingはifだめno goodですisね。right? - 72
あなたのようにべんきょうしてはびょうきになりますよ。
If you study the way you do, you will get sick.
あなたyouのof様wayにin勉強studyしdoてstudyingはif病気sickにintoなりbecomeますpoliteよ。I tell you
- 雨
- rain
- 古い
- old, antique
- 車
- vehicle, car
- ニューヨーク
- New York
- 男
- male
- な
- I wish, I hope, huh
- 文章
- sentence
- 天気
- weather
- でしょう。
- probably (See Gram. Notes)
- 君
- suffix to a name, Mr. (See cult. notes)
- だめ
- no good, useless, hopeless
Explaining why something will not work · Pattern 1 2 of 3
A condition explains failure
*そんなに むずかしく 書いては 読めませんね* means "If you write it that difficultly, no one can read it."
The verb condition *書いては* explains why reading fails.
A noun can give the reason
*手紙では もう おそいでしょうから、 電報を 打ちなさい* means "A letter would probably be too late, so send a telegram."
Here, *では* follows *手紙*. A letter is the unsuitable choice.
- 73
たむらさんのようにさけをたくさんのんではからだにわるいですね。
Drinking as much sake as Mr. Tamura does is bad for your health.
田村TamuraさんMr.のof様wayにin酒sakeをobject沢山a lot飲んdrinkでdrinkingはif体healthにfor悪いbadですisね。right? - 74
こんなにやかましくてはべんきょうできません。
I cannot study with this much noise.
こんなthis muchにtoやかましくnoisyてbeingはif勉強study出来canませnot, politeん。not, polite - 75
こんなにむしあつくてはなにもしたくないですね。
When it is this hot and humid, I do not feel like doing anything.
こんなthis muchにtoむしあつくhot and humidてbeingはwhen何anythingもalsoしdoたくwant toないnotですisね。right? - 76
このてがみがスミスさんによめるでしょうか。
Do you think Mr. Smith can read this letter?
このthis手紙letterがsubjectスミスSmithさんMr.にby読めるcan readでしょうprobablyか。question - 77
そんなにむずかしくかいてはよめませんね。
If you write it that difficultly, no one can read it.
そんなthat muchにtoむずかしくdifficultly書いwriteてwritingはif読めreadませnot, politeんnot, politeね。right? - 78
うちのこどもにこのしごとをてつだってもらおうとおもっているのですが、できるでしょうか。
I am thinking of having my child help with this work, but do you think the child can do it?
うちmyのof子供childにbyこのthis仕事workをobject手つだっhelpてhelpもらおうhave themとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいるam thinkingのthe factですisが、but出来るcan doでしょうprobablyか。question - 79
こどもではできませんね。わたくしがてつだってあげますよ。
A child cannot do it. I will help you.
子供childでasはtopic出来can doませnot, politeんnot, politeね。right?私Iがsubject手つだっhelpてhelpあげfor youますpoliteよ。I tell you - 80
こんしゅうのどようびにあそびにいくといってやまださんにてがみをだしましょうか。
Shall we send Mr. Yamada a letter saying that we will visit him this Saturday?
今週this weekのof土曜Saturday日Saturdayにon遊びvisitにto行くgoとquote言っsayてsaying山田YamadaさんMr.にto手紙letterをobject出しsendましょうshall weか。question - 81
てがみではもうおそいでしょうから、でんぽうをうちなさい。
A letter would probably be too late, so send a telegram.
手紙letterでwithはtopicもうalreadyおそいlateでしょうprobablyから、because電報telegramをobject打ちsendなさい。please do - 82
あなたのようにふとってはからだにわるいですよ。
Being as fat as you are is bad for your health.
あなたyouのof様wayにinふとっbe fatてbeing fatはif体healthにfor悪いbadですisよ。I tell you
- 酒
- Sake, rice wine
- 体
- body, health
- 手紙
- letter (correspondence)
- うち
- home, house
- おそい
- be late
- から、
- from (See Gram. Notes)
- 電報
- telegram
Acting despite difficult conditions · Pattern 1 3 of 3
A high rent prevents renting
*こんなに 高くては 借りる 人は ないでしょう* means "If it is this high, probably no one will rent it."
The adjective condition in *高くては* leads to a negative result.
Acting despite the condition
*遠くても 歩いて 行きますか* means "Will you walk there even if it is far?"
*ても* presents a condition that does not prevent the action. This contrasts with the negative result after *ては*.
- 83
ええ、ですから、これからあまりたべないようにしようとおもっているのです。
Yes, so I am thinking of trying not to eat very much from now on.
ええ、yesですisから、soこれthisからfromあまりvery much食べeatないnot様wayにinしようwill tryとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいるam thinkingのthe factです。is - 84
このいえのやちんはすこしたかすぎますね。
The rent for this house is a little too high.
このthis家houseのof家rentちんrentはtopic少しa little高highすぎtoo muchますpoliteね。right? - 85
ええ、こんなにたかくてはかりるひとはないでしょう。
Yes, if it is this high, probably no one will rent it.
ええ、yesこんなthis muchにto高くhighてbeingはif借りるrent人personはtopicないnoneでしょう。probably - 86
こんなにてんきがわるくてもいきますか。
Will you go even though the weather is this bad?
こんなthis muchにto天気weatherがsubject悪くbadてbeingもeven行きgoますpoliteか。question - 87
たなかさんはあんなによくはたらいてもびょうきになりませんか。
Does Mr. Tanaka not get sick even though he works that hard?
田中TanakaさんMr.はtopicあんなthat muchにtoよくhard働いworkてworkingもeven病気sickにintoなりbecomeませnot, politeんnot, politeか。question - 88
とおくてもあるいていきますか。
Will you walk there even if it is far?
遠くfarてbeingもeven歩いwalkてwalking行きgoますpoliteか。question - 89
みずがこんなにつめたくてもおよぐことができますか。
Can you swim even though the water is this cold?
水waterがsubjectこんなthis muchにtoつめたくcoldてbeingもevenおよぐswim事actがsubject出来canますpoliteか。question - 90
こんなしごとはおんなでもできるでしょうか。
Could even a woman do work like this?
こんなthis kind of仕事workはtopic女womanでbyもeven出来るcan doでしょうprobablyか。question
- ええ、
- Yes
- 少し
- little (quantity)
- すぎ
- past, after
- 人
- people
- よく
- well, skillfully
- 遠く
- distant (place)
- 水
- water
- およぐ
- to swim
- 女
- female
Asking what one should do · Pattern 2 1 of 4
The question word supplies the choice
*今晩 何を 勉強してよいか わかりません* means "I do not know what I should study tonight."
The *てよいか わかりません* pattern follows the choice introduced by *何を*.
Different kinds of choices
*どこで 食べてよいか 知りません* gives uncertainty about where to eat. *だれに 聞いてよいか わかりません* gives uncertainty about whom to ask.
*ビールを 何本ぐらい 買ってよいか わかりません* states uncertainty about how many bottles should be bought.
- 91
こんばんなにをべんきょうしてよいかわかりません。
I do not know what I should study tonight.
今晩tonight何whatをobject勉強studyしdoてandよいshouldかwhetherわかりknowませnot, politeん。not, polite - 92
こんばんなにをべんきょうしてよいかわかりません。
I do not know what I should study tonight.
今晩tonight何whatをobject勉強studyしdoてandよいshouldかwhetherわかりknowませnot, politeん。not, polite - 93
どこでたべてよいかしりません。
I do not know where I should eat.
どこwhereでat食べeatてeatingよいshouldかwhether知りknowませnot, politeん。not, polite - 94
だれにきいてよいかわかりません。
I do not know whom I should ask.
だれwhomにto聞いaskてaskingよいshouldかwhetherわかりknowませnot, politeん。not, polite - 95
たむらさんになにをおくってよいかわかりません。
I do not know what I should send Mr. Tamura.
田村TamuraさんMr.にto何whatをobject送っsendてsendingよいshouldかwhetherわかりknowませnot, politeん。not, polite - 96
こんばんなにをりょうりしてよいかわからないので、こまっています。
I am at a loss because I do not know what I should cook tonight.
今晩tonight何whatをobject料理cookしdoてandよいshouldかwhetherわからknowないnotのthe factで、because困っam at a lossてam at a lossいam at a lossます。am at a loss - 97
だれにこのしごとをたのんでよいかわかりません。
I do not know whom I should ask to do this work.
だれwhomにtoこのthis仕事workをobject頼んaskでaskingよいshouldかwhetherわかりknowませnot, politeん。not, polite - 98
ビールをなんぼんぐらいかってよいかわかりません。
I do not know about how many bottles of beer I should buy.
ビールbeerをobject何how many本bottlesぐらいabout買っbuyてbuyingよいshouldかwhetherわかりknowませnot, politeん。not, polite
- だれ
- who?
- ビール
- beer
- ぐらい
- about
Choosing what to do · Pattern 2 2 of 4
Time and manner as choices
*今晩 何時に 行ってよいか まだ わかりません* means "I still do not know what time I should go tonight."
*どんな 風に 答えてよいか わかりません* means "I do not know how I should answer."
Choosing between alternatives
*どっちに してよいか わかりません* means "I do not know which one I should choose."
The question expression *どっちに* refers to a choice between alternatives. The same pattern states that the choice is uncertain.
- 99
こんばんなんじにいってよいかまだわかりません。
I still do not know what time I should go tonight.
今晩tonight何what time時what timeにat行っgoてgoingよいshouldかwhetherまだstillわかりknowませnot, politeん。not, polite - 100
どんなふうにこたえてよいかわかりません。
I do not know how I should answer.
どんなwhat kind of風wayにin答えanswerてansweringよいshouldかwhetherわかりknowませnot, politeん。not, polite - 101
このもんだいはどうしてよいかしりません。
I do not know what I should do about this problem.
このthis問題problemはtopicどうwhatしdoてdoingよいshouldかwhether知りknowませnot, politeん。not, polite - 102
どっちにしてよいかわかりません。
I do not know which one I should choose.
どっちwhich oneにasしchooseてchoosingよいshouldかwhetherわかりknowませnot, politeん。not, polite - 103
あなたはにほんへふねでいくのですか。ひこうきでいくのですか。
Are you going to Japan by ship, or are you going by plane?
あなたyouはtopic日本Japanへtoward船shipでby行くgoのthe factですisか。question飛行airplane機airplaneでby行くgoのthe factですisか。question - 104
どっちにしてよいかいまかんがえているところです。
I am thinking now about which one I should choose.
どっちwhich oneにintoしchooseてchoosingよいshouldかwhether今nowかんがえam thinkingてam thinkingいるam thinkingところjust nowです。is - 105
このしごとをだれにたのんでよいかわからないんだが、きみ、だれかいいひとをしってるか。
I do not know whom I should ask to do this work; do you know anyone good?
このthis仕事workをobjectだれwhomにto頼んaskでaskingよいshouldかwhetherわからknowないnotんthe factだisが、but君、youだれsomeoneかsomeoneいいgood人personをobject知っknowてるknowか。question - 106
そうだね。たなかくんにたのんでみるんだね。
Let me see. You should try asking Tanaka.
そうlet me seeだisね。right?田中Tanaka君youにto頼んaskでasking見るtryんthe factだisね。right?
- どんな
- what kind of; what sort of
- どっち
- which of two (See Grammar Notes)
- かんがえ
- idea, thinking
- ところ
- place (See Gram. Notes)
- てる
- to shine (v.i.)
Deciding what to order · Pattern 2 3 of 4
Uncertainty leads to advice
*日本の 友だちに 何を 送ってよいか わからないんですが* states uncertainty about a gift for a friend in Japan.
The speaker then asks for a good idea. The answer recommends American cigarettes.
Choosing what to order
*何を ちゅうもんしてよいか わからないんですが* means "I do not know what I should order."
The speaker asks what is good. The answer recommends *天ぷら*, "tempura."
- 107
きみはこんばんなんじにパーカーさんのいえへいくんだ。
What time are you going to Mr. Parker’s house tonight?
君youはtopic今晩tonight何what time時what timeにatパーカーParkerさんMr.の's家houseへtoward行くgoんthe factだ。is - 108
なんじにいってよいかわからないから、きみにきこうとおもっていたんだよ。
I was going to ask you because I do not know what time I should go.
何what time時what timeにat行っgoてgoingよいshouldかwhetherわからknowないnotから、because君youにto聞こうshall askとwas going to ask思っwas thinkingてwas thinkingいwas thinkingたwas thinkingんthe factだisよ。I tell you - 109
にほんのともだちになにをおくってよいかわからないんですが、なにかいいかんがえがありますか。
I do not know what I should send my friend in Japan; do you have any good ideas?
日本Japanの's友だちfriendにto何whatをobject送っsendてsendingよいshouldかwhetherわからknowないnotんthe factですisが、but何somethingかsomethingいいgoodかんがえideaがsubjectありhaveますpoliteか。question - 110
アメリカのたばこをおくってあげなさいよ。にほんではアメリカのたばこはたかいそうですから。
Send your friend some American cigarettes. I hear American cigarettes are expensive in Japan.
アメリカAmericaの'sたばこcigarettesをobject送っsendてandあげgiveなさいplease doよ。I tell you日本JapanでinはtopicアメリカAmericaの'sたばこcigarettesはtopic高いexpensiveそうI hearですisから。because - 111
なにをちゅうもんしますか。
What will you order?
何whatをobjectちゅうorderもんorderしdoますpoliteか。question - 112
なにをちゅうもんしてよいかわからないんですが、なにがおいしいでしょうか。
I do not know what I should order; what is good?
何whatをobjectちゅうorderもんorderしdoてandよいokayかwhetherわからknowないnotんthe factですisが、but何whatがsubjectおいしいdeliciousでしょうprobablyか。question - 113
てんぷらをたべてごらんなさい。ここのてんぷらはおいしいですよ。
Try the tempura. The tempura here is good.
天ぷらtempuraをobject食べeatてand御tryらんtryなさい。pleaseここhereの's天ぷらtempuraはtopicおいしいdeliciousですisよ。I tell you - 114
どこでたべる
Where to eat
どこwhereでat食べるeat
- だ。
- to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)
- アメリカ
- America; U.S.A.
- たばこ
- tobacco, cigarette
- おいしい
- tasty, delicious
- ここ
- here
What one should do · Pattern 2 4 of 4
The choice comes first
*だれに 聞く* is "whom to ask." *どこで 買う* is "where to buy it." *何を 送る* is "what to send."
These prompts supply the choice in the *てよいかわからない* pattern.
Other choices include *何時に 行く*, "what time to go," and *どっちに する*, "which one to choose."
- 115
だれにきく
Whom to ask
だれwhomにto聞くask - 116
どこでかう
Where to buy it
どこwhereでat買うbuy - 117
なにをおくる
What to send
何whatをobject送るsend - 118
なにをりょうりする
What to cook
何whatをobject料理cookするdo - 119
なんじにいく
What time to go
何what time時what timeにat行くgo - 120
どっちにする
Which one to choose
どっちwhich oneにasするchoose - 121
どんなふうにこたえる
How to answer
どんなwhat kind風wayにin答えるanswer
- 買う
- to buy
- 送る
- to send (v.t.)
Arranging a meal tray · Reading Selection 1 of 2
The fixed tray arrangement
The passage describes an ordinary meal tray, with rice lower left and soup lower right. Simmered and grilled dishes occupy the upper corners.
*おはしは おぜんの 手前に よこに 置きます* places the chopsticks horizontally at the front.
This is the tray arrangement introduced with *日本料理は 大抵 おぜんに のせて 出します*.
The first steps
The diner takes out the chopsticks and rests their tips on the chopstick stand.
Then the rice-bowl lid goes left of the tray, and the soup-bowl lid goes right. *ぜんの 外に 置きます* places both outside.
- 122
にほんりょうりはたいていおぜんにのせてだします。
Japanese food is usually served on a tray.
日本Japanese food料理Japanese foodはtopic大抵usuallyおmeal trayぜんmeal trayにonのせplaceてand出しserveます。polite - 123
ふつうのぜんだてはひだりのしたのすみにごはん、みぎのしたのすみにすいもの、ひだりのうえのすみににもの、みぎのうえのすみにやいたものまたはさしみ、まんなかにすのものなどです。
In an ordinary tray arrangement, rice is in the lower left corner, soup is in the lower right corner, simmered food is in the upper left corner, grilled food or sashimi is in the upper right corner, and vinegared food and the like are in the center.
普通ordinaryのofぜんだてtray arrangementはtopic左leftのof下lowerのofすみcornerにin御飯、rice右rightのof下lowerのofすみcornerにinすいsoup物、soup左leftのof上upperのofすみcornerにinにsimmered food物、simmered food右rightのof上upperのofすみcornerにinやいgrillたpast物food又orはorさしみ、sashimiまん中centerにinすvinegared foodのvinegared food物vinegared foodなどand the likeです。is - 124
おはしはおぜんのてまえによこにおきます。
The chopsticks are placed horizontally at the front of the tray.
おchopsticksはしchopsticksはtopicおmeal trayぜんmeal trayの's手前frontにatよこhorizontallyにin置きplaceます。polite - 125
にほんりょうりをたべるときには、まずはしをとりだして、さきのほうをはしおきにのせておきます。
When eating Japanese food, first take out the chopsticks and rest their tips on the chopstick rest.
日本Japanese food料理Japanese foodをobject食べるeat時whenにatは、topic先ずfirstはしchopsticksをobject取り出しtake outて、andさきtipsのof方partをobjectはし置きchopstick restにonのせrestてandおきleaveます。polite - 126
それから、ちゃわんとすいものわんのふたをとって、ちゃわんのふたはひだり、おわんのふたはみぎのほうのぜんのそとにおきます。
Then remove the lids from the rice bowl and the soup bowl, and place the rice-bowl lid on the left and the soup-bowl lid on the right, outside the tray.
それthenから、then茶わんrice bowlとandすいsoup物soupわんbowlの'sふたlidをobject取っremoveて、and茶わんrice bowlの'sふたlidはtopic左、leftおsoup bowlわんsoup bowlの'sふたlidはtopic右rightのof方sideのofぜんtrayのof外outsideにat置きplaceます。polite - 127
それから、ちゃわんを
Then take the rice bowl.
それthenから、then茶わんrice bowlをobject
- すみ
- inside corner
- 御飯、
- cooked rice
- さしみ、
- thinly sliced raw fish dish
- まん中
- center, middle
- など
- and so forth, etc.
- 手前
- this side
- よこ
- side, crosswise
- はし置き
- chopstick stand
Order of eating dishes · Reading Selection 2 of 2
Rice and soup in sequence
The passage begins with the rice bowl in the left hand. *御飯を 一口 食べると* introduces one bite of rice.
The diner then puts down the rice bowl, drinks soup, and eats another bite of rice.
Pickles finish the meal
After rice and soup, the diner may eat anything except the pickled vegetables.
*こうの物は 大抵 御飯を 食べ終って お茶が 出た 時に あがります* means the pickles are usually eaten after the rice, when tea is served.
- 128
ひだりのてにもってはんをたべます。
Hold it in your left hand and eat the rice.
左leftの's手handにin持っholdてand御飯riceをobject食べeatます。polite - 129
はんをひとくちたべるとちゃわんをおぜんのうえにおいて、こんどはすいものわんをとっておすいものをのみます。
After eating one bite of rice, put the rice bowl on the tray, and then take the soup bowl and drink the soup.
御飯riceをobject一口one bite食べるeatとafter茶わんrice bowlをobjectおmeal trayぜんmeal trayの's上topにon置いplaceて、and今度thenはtopicすいsoup物soupわんbowlをobject取っtakeてandおsoupすいsoup物soupをobject飲みdrinkます。polite - 130
それからまたひとくちはんをたべます。
Then eat another bite of rice.
それthenからthen又another一口one bite御飯riceをobject食べeatます。polite - 131
そのあとはこうのもののほかはなにをたべてもいいのです。
After that, you may eat anything except the pickled vegetables.
そのthat後afterはtopicこうpickled vegetablesのpickled vegetables物pickled vegetablesのof外exceptはtopic何anythingをobject食べeatてeven ifもalsoいいmayのthe factです。is - 132
こうのものはたいていはんをたべおわっておちゃがでたときにあがります。
The pickled vegetables are usually eaten after you finish the rice, when tea is served.
こうpickled vegetablesのpickled vegetables物pickled vegetablesはtopic大抵usually御飯riceをobject食べfinish eating終っfinish eatingてfinish eatingおtea茶teaがsubject出servedたpast時whenにatあがりeatます。polite
Asking about place settings · Questions 1 of 2
Where each item belongs
The questions ask where the dishes and chopsticks belong and what happens first.
*普通の ぜんだてで、 茶わんは どこに 置きますか* means "In an ordinary place setting, where is the rice bowl placed?"
An answer gives the item's position. Other answers state the first actions with the chopsticks and bowl lids.
- 133
にほんりょうりはたいていなににのせてだしますか。
What is Japanese food usually served on?
日本Japanese food料理Japanese foodはtopic大抵usually何whatにonのせplaceてand出しserveますpoliteか。question - 134
ふつうのぜんだてで、ちゃわんはどこにおきますか。
In an ordinary place setting, where is the rice bowl placed?
普通ordinaryのofぜんだてplace settingで、in茶わんrice bowlはtopicどこwhereにat置きplaceますpoliteか。question - 135
すいものは?
Where is the soup placed?
すいsoup物soupは?topic - 136
やいたものは?
Where is the grilled food placed?
やいgrillたpast物foodは?topic - 137
にものは?
Where is the simmered food placed?
にsimmered food物simmered foodは?topic - 138
はしはどこにおきますか。
Where are the chopsticks placed?
はしchopsticksはtopicどこwhereにat置きplaceますpoliteか。question - 139
にほんりょうりをたべるときには、まずどうしますか。
When eating Japanese food, what do you do first?
日本Japanese food料理Japanese foodをobject食べるeat時whenにatは、topic先ずfirstどうwhatしdoますpoliteか。question - 140
それからどうしますか。
What do you do next?
それthenからthenどうwhatしdoますpoliteか。question
Asking about dining sequence · Questions 2 of 2
The order of the meal
The questions ask where the lids go, which hand holds the rice bowl, and what follows each bite.
*御飯を 一口 食べると どうしますか* means "What do you do after eating one bite of rice?"
An answer states the next action. The final answer says when the pickled vegetables are eaten.
- 141
ちゃわんのふたはどこにおきますか。
Where do you put the rice-bowl lid?
茶わんrice bowlの'sふたlidはtopicどこwhereにat置きplaceますpoliteか。question - 142
おわんのふたはどこにおきますか。
Where do you put the soup-bowl lid?
おsoup bowlわんsoup bowlの'sふたlidはtopicどこwhereにat置きplaceますpoliteか。question - 143
ちゃわんはどっちのてにもってたべますか。
Which hand do you hold the rice bowl in while eating?
茶わんrice bowlはtopicどっちwhichの's手handにin持っholdてwhile食べeatますpoliteか。question - 144
はんをひとくちたべるとどうしますか。
What do you do after eating one bite of rice?
御飯riceをobject一口one bite食べるeatとafterどうwhatしdoますpoliteか。question - 145
おすいものをのんでからどうしますか。
What do you do after drinking the soup?
おsoupすいsoup物soupをobject飲んdrinkでandからafterどうwhatしdoますpoliteか。question - 146
そのあとはどうですか。
What may you do after that?
そのthat後afterはtopicどうhowですisか。question - 147
こうのものはいつたべますか。
When do you eat the pickled vegetables?
こうpickled vegetablesのpickled vegetables物pickled vegetablesはtopicいつwhen食べeatますpoliteか。question
Invitations and polite acceptance · Word list 1 of 4
Inviting and accepting
These words cover a formal invitation and its acceptance. *晩御飯* is "evening meal, dinner," and *先約* is "previous engagement."
*お受けいたします* means "will accept." *いらっしゃって* comes from the honorific verb for coming or going.
The polite ending *--ませ* means "please." Conditional *では* means "if it is."
Kanji: 招
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 148
--ませ
please (See Notes)
--ませplease - 149
まねく
invite (vt)
招くinvite - 150
しごく
extremely, very much
しごくextremely - 151
すごしております
are spending days (are getting along)
すごしておりますare getting along - 152
ばんごはん
evening meal, dinner
晩御飯dinner - 153
さしあげる
give, offer (vt)
さしあげるgive - 154
さいわい
fortunately
幸いfortunately - 155
せんやく
previous engagement
先約previous engagement - 156
おうけいたします
will accept
お受けいたしますwill accept - 157
いらっしゃって
from Irassharu, to come, to go.
いらっしゃってcome - 158
では
if it is -- (see Grammar Notes)
ではif so
- --ませ
- please (See Notes)
- 招く
- invite (vt)
- すごしております
- are spending days (are getting along)
- さしあげる
- give, offer (vt)
- お受けいたします
- will accept
- いらっしゃって
- from Irassharu, to come, to go.
- では
- if that's the case
Dishes and dining manners · Word list 2 of 4
Food and dining manners
The words cover dining manners and dishes on a meal tray. *食べ方* is "manner of eating," and *えんりょなく* means "without reserve."
*おぜん* is "meal tray." *茶わん* is "rice bowl," while *すい物* is "soup."
The dishes include *に物*, "boiled food," *さしみ*, "thinly sliced raw fish dish," and *フライした物*, "fried things."
- 159
たべかた
manner of eating
食べ方way of eating - 160
--がらではない
not the type to, not qualified to
--がらではないnot the type to - 161
えんりょなく
without reserve, at ease, without formality, freely
えんりょなくwithout reserve - 162
おぜん
meal tray
おぜんmeal tray - 163
ちゃわん
rice bowl
茶わんrice bowl - 164
すいもの
soup
すい物soup - 165
にもの
boiled food, cooked food
に物cooked food - 166
さしみ
thinly sliced raw fish dish
さしみsliced raw fish - 167
やいたもの
broiled food
やいた物broiled food - 168
やく
broil (vt)
やくbroil - 169
フライしたもの
fried things
フライした物fried things
- 食べ方
- manner of eating
- --がらではない
- not the type to, not qualified to
- えんりょなく
- without reserve, at ease, without formality, freely
- おぜん
- meal tray
- すい物
- soup
- に物
- boiled food, cooked food
- やいた物
- broiled food
- やく
- approximately (See Grammar Notes)
- フライした物
- fried things
Utensils and table arrangements · Word list 3 of 4
Items and actions at the tray
The words name food, utensils, and the arrangement of a meal. *はし* is "chopsticks," and *はし置き* is "chopstick stand."
*ぜんだて* means "arrangement of meal or a meal tray." *さき* is "tip, point."
*のせて置く* means "leave them placed on." The verb *のせる* includes the meaning "place on."
- 170
すのもの
vinegared food
すの物vinegared food - 171
こうのもの
pickled vegetables
こうの物pickled vegetables - 172
はし
chopsticks
はしchopsticks - 173
はしおき
chopstick stand
はし置きchopstick stand - 174
ぜんだて
arrangement of meal or a meal tray.
ぜんだてmeal arrangement - 175
まごつく
be bewildered, be embarrassed (vi)
まごつくbe bewildered - 176
フォーク
fork
フォークfork - 177
スプーン
spoon
スプーンspoon - 178
さき
tip, point
さきtip - 179
のせておく
leave them placed on
のせて置くleave placed on - 180
のせる
place on, load, give a ride, (vt)
のせるplace on
- すの物
- vinegared food
- こうの物
- pickled vegetables
- まごつく
- be bewildered, be embarrassed (vi)
- のせて置く
- leave them placed on
- のせる
- place on, load, give a ride, (vt)
Bowls, lids and positions · Word list 4 of 4
Bowls, positions, and portions
These words complete the meal setting. *御飯* is "cooked rice," *わん* is "bowl," and *ふた* is "lid."
*場所* means "place, room." *一口* is "a mouthful." *手前* is "this side," and *よこ* means "side, crosswise."
*何から食べ始めてよいかわかりません* means "I don't know what I should start eating from."
- 181
ごはん
cooked rice
御飯cooked rice - 182
わん
bowl
わんbowl - 183
ふた
lid
ふたlid - 184
ばしょ
place, room
場所place - 185
ひとくち
a mouthful
一口a mouthful - 186
なにからたべはじめてよいかわかりません
I don't know what I should start eating from. (See Gram. notes)
何から食べ始めてよいかわかりませんI do not know - 187
てまえ
this side
手前this side - 188
よこ
side, crosswise
よこside
Guide for Free Conversation
1 Dialogue in this lesson is written in the polite female conversational style. Practice it with the non-polite male conversational style.
2 Practice the following with your fellow students.
a Make a telephone call to your close friend asking him to come to a dinner at six, Sunday night.
b Make a telephone call to your superior inviting him and his wife to a dinner at 5:30 Saturday evening.
3 Explain the arrangement of a Japanese meal.Homework
1 Transform the Dialogue into non-polite male conversational style.
2 Learn the vocabulary.
3 Study Grammar Perception Drill and the Pattern Practice.
4 Learn to read and write Kanji.
5 Read the Explanatory Notes and the Guide for Free Conversation.- 何から食べ始めてよいかわかりません
- I don't know what I should start eating from. (See Gram. notes)
The particulars
- The course
- Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours.
- Reading aloud
- Digital narration, directed by 1732 Studios.
- The book
- Botchan, the work this course leads to, free to read here.
- Data
- JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents