Dutch · Unit 10
Lessons 37 to 39
Use of the Parts of Speech, and Word-Formation
Waarom wordt men klerk?; Waarom wordt men klerk? (Vervolg.); Waarom wordt men klerk? (Slot.)
Lesson 37: Over = about, above, across, at, by, beyond, in, of, on, opposite, over, upon
Over for place and for a topic
One Dutch preposition can stand for many English ones. Over gives about, above, across, beyond, on, opposite and more.
Over can name a place. Een brug over de rivier means a bridge across the river. De ketel hangt over het vuur means the kettle hangs over the fire.
Over also names a topic. Over iets denken means to think about a thing. Een boek over Rusland means a book on Russia.
For each example, look at the English word that the sentence needs.
Over for time and number
Over can name a time ahead. Over een week means a week from now. Zij vertrekken over acht dagen means they depart in eight days.
Over can name a time past. Het is over twee means it is past two.
Before a number, over means above it. Over de zestig jaar oud means above sixty years old.
Over = about, above, across, at, by, beyond, in, of, on, opposite, over, upon
Heden over acht dagen. a week from today. Over een week. a week from now. Het is over twee. it is past two. De trein is over zijn tijd. the train is overdue. Hij is tien minuten over zijn tijd. he is ten minutes late. Over de brug komen. to come down handsomely.
- 1
to think, speak about a thing.
Overacross, overietssomethingdenken,thinkspreken.to speak - 2
a bridge across the river.
Eenabrugbridgeoveracross, overdetherivier.river - 3
above sixty years old.
Overacross, overdethezestigsixtyjaarthe yearoud.old - 4
to drink wine at table.
Wijnwineoveracross, overtafeltabledrinken.to drink - 5
we go by (via) Amsterdam.
Wijwegaanto gooveracross, overAmsterdam.Amsterdam
Over = about, above, across, at, by, beyond, in, of, on, opposite, over, upon
Over = about, above, across, at, by, beyond, in, of, on, opposite, over, upon. Over iets denken, spreken. to think, speak about a thing. Waar hebben ze het over? what are they talking about? Een brug over de rivier. a bridge across the river. Over iemands hoofd hangen. to hang above one's head. Over de zestig jaar oud. above sixty years old. Over de honderd boten. above a hundred vessels. Wijn over tafel drinken. to drink wine at table. Zich boos maken over. to be offended at, with. Wij gaan over Amsterdam. we go by (via) Amsterdam. Over land reizen. to travel by land. Over de Alpen. beyond the Alps. Overdag reizen. to travel in the day-time. Zij vertrekken over acht dagen. they depart in eight days. Voogd over minderjarigen. guardian of minors. Berouw hebben over. to repent of. Een gesprek over de oorlog. a conversation on (the) war. Een boek over Rusland. a book on Russia. Over de kerk wonen. to live opposite the church. De ketel hangt over het vuur. the kettle hangs over the fire. Over een sloot springen. to jump over a ditch. Hij woont over de rivier. he lives beyond the river. Hij woont over ons. he lives over the way. Iets de winter over houden. to keep a thing over winter. Over de zaak praten. to talk the matter over. Lewes heeft over Goethe geschreven. Lewes has written upon Goethe. Over het geheel. upon the whole. In verrukking zijn over. to be enchanted with. Heden over acht dagen. a week from today. Over een week. a week from now. Het is over twee. it is past two. De trein is over zijn tijd. the train is overdue. Hij is tien minuten over zijn tijd. he is ten minutes late. Over de brug komen. to come down handsomely.
A few from the list
Over iets denken, spreken. to think, speak about a thing.
Waar hebben ze het over? what are they talking about?
Een brug over de rivier. a bridge across the river.
Over iemands hoofd hangen. to hang above one's head.
Over de zestig jaar oud. above sixty years old.
Over de honderd boten. above a hundred vessels.
Wijn over tafel drinken. to drink wine at table.
Zich boos maken over. to be offended at, with.
Wij gaan over Amsterdam. we go by (via) Amsterdam.
Over land reizen. to travel by land.Sedert may denote a duration, whereas since denotes a point of time only
Sedert may denote a duration, whereas since denotes a point of time only. Hij is mijn compagnon sedert 1870. he has been my partner since 1870. Sedert Pasen, Pinksteren. since Easter, Whitsuntide. Sedert mijn komst. since my coming. Sedert onheuglijke tijden. from time immemorial. Hij is sedert tien jaar dood. he has been dead these ten years. Sedert wanneer ben je hier? how long have you been here?Te = at, by, in, on, to
Te = at, by, in, on, to. Te Vlissingen. at Flushing. We zullen morgen thuis zijn. we shall be at home to-morrow. Terzelfder tijd. at the same time. Op uw kosten. at your expense. Iemand te voet vallen. to fall at one's feet. Hier zijn er drie tegelijk. here there are three, at once, at a time. Te land en ter zee. by sea and land. In Londen. in London. Te zijner ere. in his honour. Hier te lande. in this country. Te rechter tijd. in due time. Te bed liggen. to lie in bed. Te voet reizen. to travel on foot. Te paard zitten. to sit on horseback. Naar de kerk gaan. to go to church. Ten hemel opzien. to look up to heaven. Te bed gaan. to go to bed. Iemand tegemoet gaan. to go to meet a person. Iets tegemoet zien. to look forward to. Een schip te water laten. to launch a vessel. Ik moet tegen twaalven thuis zijn. I must be home by twelve o'clock. Teniet gaan. to go to wreck and ruin. Teniet doen. to annul. Thuis liggen. to lodge. Te scheep. aboard. Te koop, te huur. for sale, to let. Te weten. viz.
A few from the list
Te Vlissingen. at Flushing.
We zullen morgen thuis zijn. we shall be at home to-morrow.
Terzelfder tijd. at the same time.
Op uw kosten. at your expense.
Iemand te voet vallen. to fall at one's feet.
Hier zijn er drie tegelijk. here there are three, at once, at a time.
Te land en ter zee. by sea and land.
In Londen. in London.
Te zijner ere. in his honour.
Hier te lande. in this country.Tegen = against, about, at, by, in spite of, to, towards
Tegen = against, about, at, by, in spite of, to, towards. Scheur het niet tegen de draad in. do not tear it against the grain. Tegen de muur leunen. to lean against the wall. Tegen alle verwachting. against all expectation. Het gebeurde tegen de avond. it happened about the evening hour. Tegen een matige prijs. at a moderate price. Tegen die tijd, tegen elf uur. by that time, by eleven. Tegen wil en dank. in spite of oneself. Iets tegen iemand zeggen. to say something to one. Tegen iemand spreken. to speak to one. Ik heb niets tegen dit voorstel. I have no objection to this proposal. Het is honderd tegen een. it is a hundred to one. Tegen de avond. towards evening. Tegen het einde van de maand. towards the close of the month. Ik heb iets tegen mosterd. I dislike mustard. Ik kan niet tegen bier. beer does not agree with me.
A few from the list
Scheur het niet tegen de draad in. do not tear it against the grain.
Tegen de muur leunen. to lean against the wall.
Tegen alle verwachting. against all expectation.
Het gebeurde tegen de avond. it happened about the evening hour.
Tegen een matige prijs. at a moderate price.
Tegen die tijd, tegen elf uur. by that time, by eleven.
Tegen wil en dank. in spite of oneself.
Iets tegen iemand zeggen. to say something to one.
Tegen iemand spreken. to speak to one.
Ik heb niets tegen dit voorstel. I have no objection to this proposal.Tot = to, till, among, into
Tot = to, till, among, into. Van Gouda tot Rotterdam. from Gouda to Rotterdam. Tot op de bodem. down, to the bottom. Tot op de grond afgebrand. burnt to the ground. Tot aan het dak. up to the roof. Zij stonden tot aan de armen in het water. they were up to their arms in water. Tot op het hemd nat. wet to the skin. Tot een cent toe. to the last farthing. Van dag tot dag. from day to day. Van zes tot zeven. from six to seven. Zijn naam is niet tot ons gekomen. his name has not come down to us. Zij werden tot de laatste man toe gedood. they were slain to a man. Van woorden kwam het tot slagen. from words they got to blows. Niet in staat tot. incapable of. Tot zijn eer. to his honour. Tot 1830, tot in die tijd toe. till 1830, till then. Tot een uur. till one o'clock. Tot en met blz. 20. page 20 included. Het behoort tot zijn hoofdverdiensten. it is among his chief merits. Toegang tot de spreekkamer. entrance into the parlour. Wij wandelden tot Wickwar. we walked as far as Wickwar. Tot aan de top van de berg. as high as the top of the mountain.
A few from the list
Van Gouda tot Rotterdam. from Gouda to Rotterdam.
Tot op de bodem. down, to the bottom.
Tot op de grond afgebrand. burnt to the ground.
Tot aan het dak. up to the roof.
Zij stonden tot aan de armen in het water. they were up to their arms in water.
Tot op het hemd nat. wet to the skin.
Tot een cent toe. to the last farthing.
Van dag tot dag. from day to day.
Van zes tot zeven. from six to seven.
Zijn naam is niet tot ons gekomen. his name has not come down to us.Uit = out of, by, for, from, in, of, with
Uit = out of, by, for, from, in, of, with. Vader is uit de stad. father is out of town. Uit de weg gaan. to go out of the way. Uit het raam vallen. to drop out of the window. Uit een glas drinken. to drink out of a glass. Uit het lid zijn. to be out of joint. Uit de mode zijn. to be out of fashion. Uit beleefdheid. out of politeness. Uit het oog, uit het hart. out of sight, out of mind. Uit ervaring weten. to know by experience. Ik zie uit zijn brief dat ... I see by his letter that ... Uit kracht van de wet. by virtue of the law. Uit de hand verkopen. to sell by private contract. Hij deed het uit de grap. he did it for fun. Uit vriendschap. for friendship's sake. Uit gebrek aan geld. for want of money. Uit vrije keus. from one's own choice. Zijde uit Duitsland. silk from Germany. Uit de grond van mijn hart. from the bottom of my heart. Ik weet het uit de nieuwsbladen. I know it from the papers. Uit vrees voor straf. from fear of punishment. Hij is uit Parijs. he is from Paris. Uit naam van uw ouders. in name of your parents. Hij is uit edel bloed. he is of noble blood. Uit een oud geslacht geboren. born of an ancient race. Uit klei gemaakt. made of clay. Iemand uit het oog verliezen. to lose sight of one. Uit hoofde van. on account of. Uit alle macht. with might and main. Jaar in, jaar uit. year after year. Ten voeten uit. full length.
A few from the list
Vader is uit de stad. father is out of town.
Uit de weg gaan. to go out of the way.
Uit het raam vallen. to drop out of the window.
Uit een glas drinken. to drink out of a glass.
Uit het lid zijn. to be out of joint.
Uit de mode zijn. to be out of fashion.
Uit beleefdheid. out of politeness.
Uit het oog, uit het hart. out of sight, out of mind.
Uit ervaring weten. to know by experience.
Ik zie uit zijn brief dat ... I see by his letter that ...Van = of, about, at, by, for, from, in, on, out, of, with
Van = of, about, at, by, for, from, in, on, out, of, with; see also Lesson 27. I. De vensters van het huis. the windows of the house. Dit komt van uw uitstellen. this comes of your delaying. Dat was dom van hem. that was stupid of him. Dit is vriendelijk van u. this is kind of you. Hij kwam vanzelf. he came of his own accord. Vanzelf spreken. to be a matter of course. Rijk van het woekeren. rich by usury. Een les van buiten leren. to learn a lesson by heart. Een roman van Van Lennep. a novel by van Lennep. Van zijn arbeid leven. to live by one's work. Van vreugde schreeuwen. to shout for joy. Drinken van hartzeer. to drink for grief. Rekenschap geven van. to account for. De pannen vielen van het dak. the tiles fell from the roof. Van de morgen tot de avond. from morning till night. Zij kwamen van verre. they came from afar. Al het goede komt van boven. all blessings come from Heaven. Ik heb van mijn vriend gehoord. I have heard from my friend. Van huis gaan. to go from home. Van zijn leven. in his life. Ik heb ervan gehoord. I have heard of it. Van water en brood leven. to live on water and bread. Misbruik maken van. to trespass on. Zich meester maken van. to seize upon. Zal er van zijn kant niets tegen zijn? will there be no objection on his part? Van ganser harte. with all my heart. Alles ging vanzelf. all was done with the least difficulty. Verkleumd van kou. benumbed with cold. Komt hij? Hij zegt van ja. Will he come? He says he will. Vandaag, vanavond. to-day, to-night. Vanmorgen, deze zomer. this morning, this summer. Van node hebben. to want. Wij verwachten hem van uur tot uur. we expect him every hour. Wij zijn van plan te vertrekken. we intend to start. Van boven. at the top. Van boven komen. to come down-stairs. Van achteren. at the back, from behind. Van voren. in front. Van binnen. on the inside.
A few from the list
De vensters van het huis. the windows of the house.
Dit komt van uw uitstellen. this comes of your delaying.
Dat was dom van hem. that was stupid of him.
Dit is vriendelijk van u. this is kind of you.
Hij kwam vanzelf. he came of his own accord.
Vanzelf spreken. to be a matter of course.
Rijk van het woekeren. rich by usury.
Een les van buiten leren. to learn a lesson by heart.
Een roman van Van Lennep. a novel by van Lennep.
Van zijn arbeid leven. to live by one's work.Voor = before, for, against, at, by, in front of, to
Voor = before, for, against, at, by, in front of, to; see also Lesson 27. II. Ik stond voor hem. I stood before him. Het kwam voor Pasen. it came before Easter. Ik zal het graag voor u doen. I'll do it willingly for you. Ik geef er een gulden voor. I will give a guilder for it. Ik voor mij. I, for one. Voor acht dagen. for eight days. Voor wie houd je mij? whom do you take me for? Hij vreesde voor zijn leven. he feared for his life. Iemand voor een Duitser houden. to take one for a German. Het is goed voor kiespijn. it is good against tooth-ache. Ik koop het voor deze prijs. I buy it at this rate. Stuk voor stuk verkopen. to sell one by one. De troepen waren voor het paleis opgesteld. the troops were drawn up in front of the palace. Van aanbelang voor. important to (for). Iemand voor een eerlijke man houden. to take one to be an honest man. Wat voor een man ben je? who are you? Voor de dag komen. to come forth, to appear. Iets voor onwaar houden. to consider a thing as not true.
A few from the list
Ik stond voor hem. I stood before him.
Het kwam voor Pasen. it came before Easter.
Ik zal het graag voor u doen. I'll do it willingly for you.
Ik geef er een gulden voor. I will give a guilder for it.
Ik voor mij. I, for one.
Voor acht dagen. for eight days.
Voor wie houd je mij? whom do you take me for?
Hij vreesde voor zijn leven. he feared for his life.
Iemand voor een Duitser houden. to take one for a German.
Het is goed voor kiespijn. it is good against tooth-ache.Zonder = without, but for, of
Zonder = without, but for, of. Hij ontving ons zonder complimenten. he received us without ceremony. Zonder enige twijfel. without any doubt. Zonder u was ik verloren geweest. but for you I should have been lost. Dit papier is zonder waarde. this paper is of no value.Across = dwars door, dwars, over, kruiselings
Across = dwars door, dwars, over, kruiselings. Hij reisde dwars door het land. He travelled straight across the country. Hij overhandigde mij de krant dwars over de tafel. He handed me the paper across the table. De jongens zaten kruiselings over de bank. The boys were sitting across the bench. Zij spraken voor ons heen. They talked across us.Beyond = aan gene zijde van, verder dan, boven, over
Beyond = aan gene zijde van, verder dan, boven, over. Het bos ligt aan gene zijde van de rivier. The wood lies beyond the river. Verder dan dit kan ik niet gaan. Beyond this I cannot go. Dat is boven mijn bevatting. That is beyond my comprehension. Wij werden over de gewone tijd gehouden. We were kept beyond the usual time. Buiten kijf, onbetwistbaar. Beyond dispute.By = door, met, van
By = door, met, van. Sometimes it answers to the loan-word per (= met). Het werd per spoor, per stoomboot, per post, per extra post verzonden. It was sent by rail, by steamer, by post, by express. Per uur betalen. To pay by the hour. Per dozijn verkopen. To sell by the dozen. Een les van buiten leren. To learn a lesson by heart.Off = van ... weg, van, voor, op de hoogte van
Off = van ... weg, van, voor, op de hoogte van. Ga weg van die stoel. Get off that chair. Van de been zijn. To be off one's legs. Voor de vuist, op het eerste gezicht. Off hand. Buiten dienst. Off duty. De boot zonk op de hoogte van Vlissingen. The vessel sunk off Flushing.Prepositional phrases: as to, by means of, by way of, for want of, in consequence of, in favour of, in the middle of, in spite of, instead of, thanks to
Of the Prepositional phrases we may mention the following: As to = met betrekking tot, aangaande, betreffende, wat betreft. By means of = door middel van, met behulp van. By way of = bij wijze van. For want of = bij gebrek aan. In consequence of = ten gevolge van, uithoofde van. In favour of, on behalf of = ten gunste van, ten behoeve van. In the middle of = in het midden van; in the midst of = te midden van. In (de)spite of, in defiance of = in (ten) spijt van. Instead of = in plaats van. Note. In plaats van may also answer to the English in ... stead. Thanks to, owing to = dank zij. Wat de Duitse romans betreft. As to the German novels, I'll send you some of the best I possess. De dieven verschaften zich toegang in onze kamer door middel van een loper. The thieves got into our room by means of a master-key. Hij zei het bij wijze van aardigheid. He said so by way of joke. Bij wijze van verontschuldiging. By way of apology. Ik gebruik deze uitdrukking bij gebrek aan een betere. I use this term for want of a better. Bij gebrek aan geld. For want of money. Dat is alles ten gevolge van de oorlog. It is all in consequence of the war. Ten gunste van zijn kinderen. In favour of his children. Ten behoeve van onszelf. On our own behalf. In het midden van de straat. In the middle of the street. In het midden van december. In the middle of December. De waarheid ligt in het midden van deze twee uitersten. Between these two extremes truth lies in the middle. Te midden van de woestijn. In the midst of the desert. Te midden van de vrede. In the midst of peace. We werden doornat, ondanks onze paraplu's. We got wet to the skin, in spite of our umbrellas. Hij werd tot secretaris benoemd in plaats van onze vriend N. He was appointed secretary instead of our friend N. N. werd tot secretaris benoemd in plaats van zijn vader. N. was appointed secretary in his father's stead. Dank zij zijn onderzoekingen, weten wij nu alles omtrent deze belangrijke zaak. Thanks to his investigations, we know all about this important matter.
A few from the list
Wat de Duitse romans betreft. As to the German novels, I'll send you some of the best I possess.
De dieven verschaften zich toegang in onze kamer door middel van een loper. The thieves got into our room by means of a master-key.
Hij zei het bij wijze van aardigheid. He said so by way of joke.
Bij wijze van verontschuldiging. By way of apology.
Ik gebruik deze uitdrukking bij gebrek aan een betere. I use this term for want of a better.
Bij gebrek aan geld. For want of money.
Dat is alles ten gevolge van de oorlog. It is all in consequence of the war.
Ten gunste van zijn kinderen. In favour of his children.
Ten behoeve van onszelf. On our own behalf.
In het midden van de straat. In the middle of the street.- 6
beyond the Alps.
Overacross, overdetheAlpen.Alpen - 7
they depart in eight days.
Zijshe; theyvertrekkendepartoveracross, overachteightdagen.days - 8
to repent of.
Berouwremorsehebbento have, to have hadover.across, over - 9
a book on Russia.
Eenaboekbookoveracross, overRusland.Rusland - 10
the kettle hangs over the fire.
Detheketelkettlehangtto hangoveracross, overhetit; thevuur.fire
- 11
he lives beyond the river.
Hijhewoontto live, to dwelloveracross, overdetherivier.river - 12
to keep a thing over winter.
Ietssomethingdethewinterwinteroveracross, overhouden.to keep - 13
Lewes has written upon Goethe.
LewesLewesheeftto have, to have hadoveracross, overGoetheGoethegeschreven.to write - 14
to be enchanted with.
Ininverrukkingdelightzijnto be (irregular)over.across, over
Lesson 37: Sedert may denote a duration, whereas since denotes a point of time only
Since for a point and for a length
English since names a point in time only. Dutch sedert can name a point in time or a length of time.
A point: Hij is mijn compagnon sedert 1870 means he has been my partner since 1870.
A length: Hij is sedert tien jaar dood means he has been dead these ten years.
So Sedert wanneer ben je hier? means how long have you been here?
- 15
he has been my partner since 1870.
Hijheisto be (irregular)mijnmycompagnonpartnersedertsince1870.1870 - 16
since Easter, Whitsuntide.
SedertsincePasen,PasenPinksteren.Pinksteren - 17
since my coming.
Sedertsincemijnmykomst.arrival - 18
from time immemorial.
Sedertsinceonheuglijkeimmemorialtijden.time - 19
he has been dead these ten years.
Hijheisto be (irregular)sedertsincetientenjaarthe yeardood.death - 20
how long have you been here?
Sedertsincewanneerifbento be (irregular)jeyou; yourhier?here
Lesson 37: Te = at, by, in, on, to
Te for place and manner
Te stands for English at, by, in, on or to. Te Vlissingen means at Flushing. Hier te lande means in this country.
Te often comes in fixed phrases. Te voet reizen means to travel on foot. Te bed liggen means to lie in bed. Te paard zitten means to sit on horseback.
Other fixed phrases: te koop means for sale, te huur means to let. Terzelfder tijd means at the same time.
Some English phrases with at or to take another Dutch word. Op uw kosten means at your expense. Naar de kerk gaan means to go to church.
Te = at, by, in, on, to
Iets tegemoet zien. to look forward to. Een schip te water laten. to launch a vessel. Ik moet tegen twaalven thuis zijn. I must be home by twelve o'clock. Teniet gaan. to go to wreck and ruin. Teniet doen. to annul. Thuis liggen. to lodge. Te scheep. aboard. Te koop, te huur. for sale, to let. Te weten. viz.
- 21
at Flushing.
Teto (before a verb); at, in (before a place); tooVlissingen.Vlissingen - 22
we shall be at home to-morrow.
Wewezullenshall, willmorgenmorningthuisat homezijn.to be (irregular) - 23
at the same time.
Terzelfderat the sametijd.time - 24
at your expense.
Opon, uponuwyour (polite)kosten.costs - 25
to fall at one's feet.
Iemandsomeonetetovoetfootvallen.to fall
Lesson 37: Tegen = against, about, at, by, in spite of, to, towards
Tegen for against and towards
The first meaning of tegen is against. Tegen de muur leunen means to lean against the wall.
Tegen can name a time close ahead. Tegen de avond means towards evening. Tegen elf uur means by eleven.
After a verb of speaking, tegen means to. Tegen iemand spreken means to speak to one.
Tegen in fixed phrases
Tegen also marks a price and a ratio. Tegen een matige prijs means at a moderate price. Het is honderd tegen een means it is a hundred to one.
Ik heb iets tegen mosterd means I dislike mustard. Ik kan niet tegen bier means beer does not agree with me.
Tegen wil en dank means in spite of oneself. Learn each of these phrases whole.
Tegen = against, about, at, by, in spite of, to, towards
Tegen het einde van de maand. towards the close of the month. Ik heb iets tegen mosterd. I dislike mustard. Ik kan niet tegen bier. beer does not agree with me.
- 35
do not tear it against the grain.
Scheurto tearhetit; thenietnottegenagainst; todethedraadthreadin.in - 36
to lean against the wall.
Tegenagainst; todethemuurwallleunen.lean - 37
against all expectation.
Tegenagainst; toalleallverwachting.expectation - 38
it happened about the evening hour.
Hetit; thegebeurdehappenedtegenagainst; todetheavond.evening - 39
at a moderate price.
Tegenagainst; toeenamatigemoderateprijs.price
- 40
by that time, by eleven.
Tegenagainst; todiewho (relative)tijd,timetegenagainst; toelfelevenuur.hour - 41
in spite of oneself.
Tegenagainst; towilto want, to wishenanddank.thanks - 42
to say something to one.
Ietssomethingtegenagainst; toiemandsomeonezeggen.to say - 43
to speak to one.
Tegenagainst; toiemandsomeonespreken.to speak - 44
I have no objection to this proposal.
IkIhebto have, to have hadnietsnothingtegenagainst; toditthisvoorstel.proposal
- 45
it is a hundred to one.
Hetit; theisto be (irregular)honderdhundredtegenagainst; toeen.a - 46
towards evening.
Tegenagainst; todetheavond.evening - 47
towards the close of the month.
Tegenagainst; tohetit; theeindeendvanof, fromdethemaand.month - 48
I dislike mustard.
IkIhebto have, to have hadietssomethingtegenagainst; tomosterd.mustard
Lesson 37: Tot = to, till, among, into
Tot for an end point
Tot means to or till. It names the end of a distance or of a time. Van Gouda tot Rotterdam means from Gouda to Rotterdam. Tot een uur means till one o'clock.
Many examples have the pattern van, a start, tot, an end. Van zes tot zeven means from six to seven.
Tot aan, tot op, and tot for among
Tot can take aan or op after it. Tot aan het dak means up to the roof. Tot op de grond afgebrand means burnt to the ground.
Tot can also mean among or into. Het behoort tot zijn hoofdverdiensten means it is among his chief merits. Toegang tot de spreekkamer means entrance into the parlour.
A few from the list
- 49
from Gouda to Rotterdam.
Vanof, fromGoudaGoudatotuntil, toRotterdam.Rotterdam - 50
down, to the bottom.
Totuntil, toopon, upondethebodem.soil - 51
burnt to the ground.
Totuntil, toopon, upondethegrondground, earthafgebrand.burnt down - 52
up to the roof.
Totuntil, toaanon, at, tohetit; thedak.roof - 53
they were up to their arms in water.
Zijshe; theystondento standtotuntil, toaanon, at, todethearmenpoorininhetit; thewater.water
- 54
wet to the skin.
Totuntil, toopon, uponhetit; thehemdshirtnat.wet - 55
to the last farthing.
Totuntil, toeenacentpenniestoe.to - 56
from day to day.
Vanof, fromdagdaytotuntil, todag.day - 57
from six to seven.
Vanof, fromzessixtotuntil, tozeven.seven - 58
his name has not come down to us.
Zijnhis; to benaamnameisto be (irregular)nietnottotuntil, toonsusgekomen.to come
- 59
they were slain to a man.
Zijshe; theywerdento become, to gettotuntil, todethelaatstelastmanman; husbandtoetogedood.kills - 60
from words they got to blows.
Vanof, fromwoordenwordskwamto comehetit; thetotuntil, toslagen.succeed - 61
incapable of.
Nietnotininstaatstands; statetot.until, to - 62
to his honour.
Totuntil, tozijnhis; to beeer.honor
Lesson 37: Uit = out of, by, for, from, in, of, with
Uit for out of and from
The first meaning of uit is out of. Uit een glas drinken means to drink out of a glass. Uit het raam vallen means to drop out of the window.
Uit also names where a person or thing comes from. Hij is uit Parijs means he is from Paris. Zijde uit Duitsland means silk from Germany.
Uit for a reason or a material
Uit can name the reason for an act. Uit beleefdheid means out of politeness. Uit vriendschap means for friendship's sake.
Uit can name what a thing is made of. Uit klei gemaakt means made of clay.
In these phrases English uses out of, from, for or of. Dutch uses uit in each.
- 63
father is out of town.
Vaderthe fatheristo be (irregular)uitout of, fromdethestad.city, town - 64
to drop out of the window.
Uitout of, fromhetit; theraamwindowvallen.to fall - 65
to be out of joint.
Uitout of, fromhetit; thelidmemberzijn.to be (irregular) - 66
out of politeness.
Uitout of, frombeleefdheid.courtesy - 67
to know by experience.
Uitout of, fromervaringexperienceweten.to know
- 68
by virtue of the law.
Uitout of, fromkrachtstrengthvanof, fromdethewet.law - 69
he did it for fun.
Hijhedeedto dohetit; theuitout of, fromdethegrap.jokes - 70
for want of money.
Uitout of, fromgebreklackaanon, at, togeld.money - 71
silk from Germany.
Zijdesideuitout of, fromDuitsland.Duitsland - 72
I know it from the papers.
IkIweetto knowhetit; theuitout of, fromdethenieuwsbladen.newspapers
Lesson 37: Van = of, about, at, by, for, from, in, on, out, of, with
Van for of, by and from
Van stands for many English prepositions. The first is of. De vensters van het huis means the windows of the house.
Van also gives by. Een roman van Van Lennep means a novel by van Lennep.
Van also gives from. De pannen vielen van het dak means the tiles fell from the roof. Ik heb van mijn vriend gehoord means I have heard from my friend.
Van for a cause and a position
Van can name the cause of a feeling. Van vreugde schreeuwen means to shout for joy. Verkleumd van kou means benumbed with cold.
Van can name a position. Van boven means at the top. Van voren means in front. Van binnen means on the inside.
In some words van joins the next word. Hij kwam vanzelf means he came of his own accord. Vandaag means to-day.
- 77
the windows of the house.
Dethevensterswindowvanof, fromhetit; thehuis.house - 78
that was stupid of him.
Datthat; that (conjunction)wasto be (irregular)domCathedralvanof, fromhem.him - 79
he came of his own accord.
Hijhekwamto comevanzelf.for itself - 80
rich by usury.
Rijkrich, richervanof, fromhetit; thewoekeren.usury - 81
a novel by van Lennep.
Eenaromannovelvanof, fromVanVanLennep.Lennep
- 82
to shout for joy.
Vanof, fromvreugdejoyschreeuwen.screaming - 83
to account for.
Rekenschapan accountgevento givevan.of, from - 84
from morning till night.
Vanof, fromdethemorgenmorningtotuntil, todetheavond.evening - 85
all blessings come from Heaven.
Alalreadyhetit; thegoedethe good, what is goodkomtcomesvanof, fromboven.above, over - 86
to go from home.
Vanof, fromhuishousegaan.to go
- 87
I have heard of it.
IkIhebto have, to have hadervanof itgehoord.to hear - 88
to trespass on.
Misbruikabusemakento make (weak)van.of, from - 89
will there be no objection on his part?
Zalshall, willertherevanof, fromzijnhis; to bekanthandnietsnothingtegenagainst; tozijn?to be (irregular) - 90
all was done with the least difficulty.
Alleseverythinggingto govanzelf.for itself
Lesson 37: Voor = before, for, against, at, by, in front of, to
Voor for before and for
The first two meanings of voor are before and for. Before can be in place or in time. Ik stond voor hem means I stood before him. Het kwam voor Pasen means it came before Easter.
For: Ik zal het graag voor u doen means I'll do it willingly for you. Ik geef er een gulden voor means I will give a guilder for it.
Voor with houden
Houden with voor means to take a person or thing to be something. Iemand voor een Duitser houden means to take one for a German.
Iets voor onwaar houden means to consider a thing as not true.
Voor can also mean against. Het is goed voor kiespijn means it is good against tooth-ache.
Voor = before, for, against, at, by, in front of, to
De troepen waren voor het paleis opgesteld. the troops were drawn up in front of the palace. Van aanbelang voor. important to (for). Iemand voor een eerlijke man houden. to take one to be an honest man. Wat voor een man ben je? who are you? Voor de dag komen. to come forth, to appear. Iets voor onwaar houden. to consider a thing as not true.
- 91
I stood before him.
IkIstondto standvoorforhem.him - 92
it came before Easter.
Hetit; thekwamcamevoorforPasen.Pasen - 93
I'll do it willingly for you.
IkIzalshall, willhetit; thegraaggladly, with pleasurevoorforuyou (polite)doen.to do - 94
I will give a guilder for it.
IkIgeefto giveerthereeenaguldenguildersvoor.for - 95
I, for one.
IkIvoorformij.me
- 96
for eight days.
Voorforachteightdagen.days - 97
whom do you take me for?
Voorforwiewhohoudto keepjeyou; yourmij?me - 98
he feared for his life.
Hijhevreesdefearedvoorforzijnhis; to beleven.life - 99
to take one for a German.
IemandsomeonevoorforeenaDuitserDuitserhouden.to keep - 100
it is good against tooth-ache.
Hetit; theisto be (irregular)goedgood, wellvoorforkiespijn.toothache
- 101
I buy it at this rate.
IkIkoopsalehetit; thevoorfordezethe latter (the most recently mentioned)prijs.price - 102
to sell one by one.
Stukpiecevoorforstukpieceverkopen.sale - 103
the troops were drawn up in front of the palace.
Dethetroepentroopswarento be (irregular)voorforhetit; thepaleispalaceopgesteld.drawn up - 104
important to (for).
Vanof, fromaanbelangimportancevoor.for
Lesson 37: Zonder = without, but for, of
Zonder for without
Zonder means without. Zonder enige twijfel means without any doubt. Hij ontving ons zonder complimenten means he received us without ceremony.
Zonder can also mean but for. Zonder u was ik verloren geweest means but for you I should have been lost.
In one example English uses of. Dit papier is zonder waarde means this paper is of no value.
- 105
he received us without ceremony.
Hijheontvingreceivedonsuszonderwithoutcomplimenten.compliments - 106
without any doubt.
Zonderwithoutenigeonly (het enige: the only thing)twijfel.doubt - 107
but for you I should have been lost.
Zonderwithoutuyou (polite)wasto be (irregular)ikIverlorento losegeweest.to be (irregular) - 108
this paper is of no value.
Ditthispapierpaperisto be (irregular)zonderwithoutwaarde.value
Lesson 37: Across = dwars door, dwars, over, kruiselings
Dutch for English across
This rule starts from the English word across and gives the Dutch for it. Dutch has no single word for across.
Hij reisde dwars door het land means he travelled straight across the country.
Hij overhandigde mij de krant dwars over de tafel means he handed me the paper across the table.
De jongens zaten kruiselings over de bank means the boys were sitting across the bench.
- 109
He travelled straight across the country.
Hijhereisdetravelsdwarsstraight acrossdoorthroughhetit; theland.land - 110
He handed me the paper across the table.
Hijheoverhandigdehandedmijmedethekrantpaperdwarsacrossoveracross, overdethetafel.table - 111
The boys were sitting across the bench.
Dethejongensboyszatento sitkruiselingsacrossoveracross, overdethebank.Bank - 112
They talked across us.
Zijshe; theysprakenspokevoorforonsusheen.away
Lesson 37: Beyond = aan gene zijde van, verder dan, boven, over
Dutch for English beyond
This rule starts from the English word beyond. Dutch gives it with aan gene zijde van, verder dan, boven or over.
Het bos ligt aan gene zijde van de rivier means the wood lies beyond the river. Verder dan dit kan ik niet gaan means beyond this I cannot go.
Dat is boven mijn bevatting means that is beyond my comprehension. Wij werden over de gewone tijd gehouden means we were kept beyond the usual time.
- 113
The wood lies beyond the river.
Hetit; thebosbunchligtto lie (be situated)aanon, at, togenethatzijdesidevanof, fromdetherivier.river - 114
Beyond this I cannot go.
Verderfurtherdanthenditthiskanto be able (can)ikInietnotgaan.to go - 115
That is beyond my comprehension.
Datthat; that (conjunction)isto be (irregular)bovenabove, overmijnmybevatting.comprehension - 116
We were kept beyond the usual time.
Wijwewerdento become, to getoveracross, overdethegewoneordinarytijdtimegehouden.to keep - 117
Beyond dispute.
Buitenoutsidekijf,disputeonbetwistbaar.incontestable
Lesson 37: By = door, met, van
Dutch for English by
This rule starts from the English word by. Dutch gives it with door, met or van. Een les van buiten leren means to learn a lesson by heart.
Sometimes by is per, a word Dutch took from another language. Per has the sense of met.
Het werd per spoor, per stoomboot, per post, per extra post verzonden means it was sent by rail, by steamer, by post, by express.
Per uur betalen means to pay by the hour. Per dozijn verkopen means to sell by the dozen.
- 118
It was sent by rail, by steamer, by post, by express.
Hetit; thewerdto become, to getperperspoor,traceperperstoomboot,steamboatperperpost,postperperextraextrapostpostverzonden.sent - 119
To pay by the hour.
Perperuurhourbetalen.to pay - 120
To sell by the dozen.
Perperdozijndozenverkopen.sale - 121
To learn a lesson by heart.
Eenaleslessonsvanof, frombuitenoutsideleren.a) to learn, b) = to teach
Lesson 37: Off = van ... weg, van, voor, op de hoogte van
Dutch for English off
This rule starts from the English word off. Dutch gives it with van ... weg, van, voor or op de hoogte van.
Ga weg van die stoel means get off that chair. Van de been zijn means to be off one's legs.
Voor de vuist means off hand. De boot zonk op de hoogte van Vlissingen means the vessel sunk off Flushing.
- 122
Get off that chair.
Gagowegaway; roadvanof, fromdiewho (relative)stoel.chair - 123
To be off one's legs.
Vanof, fromdethebeenlegzijn.to be (irregular) - 124
Off hand.
Voorfordethevuist,off handopon, uponhetit; theeerstethe former (the first-mentioned)gezicht.sight - 125
Off duty.
Buitenoutsidedienst.service - 126
The vessel sunk off Flushing.
Dethebootvesselzonkto sinkopon, upondethehoogteheightvanof, fromVlissingen.Vlissingen
Lesson 37: Prepositional phrases: as to, by means of, by way of, for want of, in consequence of, in favour of, in the middle of, in spite of, instead of, thanks to
A phrase that works as one preposition
A prepositional phrase is a group of words that does the work of one preposition. English has in spite of and instead of. Dutch has phrases of the same kind.
In plaats van means instead of. Hij werd tot secretaris benoemd in plaats van onze vriend N. means he was appointed secretary instead of our friend N.
In plaats van can also give English in his stead. N. werd tot secretaris benoemd in plaats van zijn vader means N. was appointed secretary in his father's stead.
More phrases of this kind
Door middel van means by means of. Bij wijze van means by way of. Bij gebrek aan means for want of.
Ten gevolge van means in consequence of. Ten gunste van means in favour of. Ten behoeve van means on behalf of.
In het midden van means in the middle of. Te midden van means in the midst of. Dank zij means thanks to.
Wat de Duitse romans betreft means as to the German novels.
- 127
As to the German novels, I'll send you some of the best I possess.
WatwhatdetheDuitseGermanromansnovelsbetreft.concerns - 128
The thieves got into our room by means of a master-key.
Dethedieventhievesverschaftengotzichoneself, himself, themselvestoegangaccessininonzeourkamerroomdoorthroughmiddelmeansvanof, fromeenaloper.runners - 129
He said so by way of joke.
Hijhezeito sayhetit; thebijwithwijzemanner, wayvanof, fromaardigheid.little entertainment - 130
By way of apology.
Bijwithwijzemanner, wayvanof, fromverontschuldiging.excuse - 131
I use this term for want of a better.
IkIgebruikto eat, to havedezethe latter (the most recently mentioned)uitdrukkingexpressionbijwithgebreklackaanon, at, toeenabetere.better
- 132
For want of money.
Bijwithgebreklackaanon, at, togeld.money - 133
It is all in consequence of the war.
Datthat; that (conjunction)isto be (irregular)alleseverythingteningevolgeconsequencesvanof, fromdetheoorlog.war - 134
In favour of his children.
Teningunstefavourvanof, fromzijnhis; to bekinderen.children - 135
On our own behalf.
Teninbehoevebenefitvanof, fromonszelf.ourselves - 136
In the middle of the street.
Ininhetit; themiddenmiddlevanof, fromdethestraat.street
- 137
In the middle of December.
Ininhetit; themiddenmiddlevanof, fromdecember.december - 138
Between these two extremes truth lies in the middle.
Dethewaarheidtruthligtto lie (be situated)ininhetit; themiddenmiddlevanof, fromdezethe latter (the most recently mentioned)tweetwouitersten.extremely - 139
In the midst of the desert.
Tetomiddenmiddlevanof, fromdethewoestijn.desert - 140
In the midst of peace.
Tetomiddenmiddlevanof, fromdethevrede.peace
Waarom wordt men klerk?
- 141
Why does one become a clerk?
Waaromwhywordtto become, to getmenone, peopleklerk?clerk - 142
You must surely have once seen a school let out, an evening school for working people, I mean, even a school for the poor, and delighted in the matchless spectacle the young offered?
Jeyou; yourhebtto have, to have hadzekersurely, certainlywelbuteensonce, one dayeenaschoolschoolziento seeuitgaan,issuedeenaburgeravondschool,evening schoolbedoelmeanik,Izelfseveneenaarmenschool,school for the poorenandjeyou; yourvermeiddelightedininhetit; theweergalozematchlessschouwspelspectacledatthat; that (conjunction)dethejeugdyouthbood?to offer - 143
What equality, and what diversity all at once! A world in miniature!
Welkwhich, whateenagelijkheidequalityenandwelkwhich, whateenaverscheidenheidvarietytevens!at the same timeEenawereldworldininhetit; theklein!small - 144
Keep your eyes on it, if you can.
Houdhold, keepertheredetheogeneyeopon, uponalsifjeyou; yourkunt.to be able (can)
- 145
Playing soldiers, any old stick is a general's staff for that sturdy fellow; playing at driving, who do you think will tire soonest, the coachman or the horses?
Soldaatjestoy soldiersspelen,to playdetheeerstethe former (the first-mentioned)dethebestebeststokstickisto be (irregular)eenageneraalsstafgeneral's staffvoorfordiewho (relative)flinkefineknaap;boypaardjelittle horsemennen,drivingwiewhodenkthinkjeyou; yourdatthat; that (conjunction)hetit; theeerstfirst (of all)moetiredzalshall, willzijn,to be (irregular)dethekoetsiercabman, driverofor; whetherdetherossen?horses - 146
Sailing toy boats, the wooden clog goes into the water, if only they can find a bit of string to let it out on, we have hardly noticed it, or the rowdiest are already out of our sight; sailors, carters, soldiers are hiding in them.
ScheepjeScheepjezeilen,saileddetheklompcloggaatto gotetowater,wateralsifzeshe; theymaarbuteenatouwtjestringvindento findomaround; at (time); in order tohemhimaanon, at, totetovieren,to celebratewewehebbento have, to have hadhetit; thenauwelijksscarcelygemerkt,noticeofor; whetherdethedrukstebusyzijnto be (irregular)alalreadyuitout of, fromonsusgezicht;sighterthereschuilento hidematrozen,sailor, sailorsvoerlui,carterssoldatensoldiersin.in - 147
There a curly-headed boy teases a pretty girl, but they will all do that some day, that is the universally human part, I wanted to point you to the particular nature, evident from the choice of this or that trade.
Daaras, since, becauseplaagtteasedeenakrullenbolcurly-headed boyeenaaardigcharmingmeisje,girlmaarbutdatthat; that (conjunction)zullenshall, willzeshe; theyallemaalallooiteverdoen,to dodatthat; that (conjunction)isto be (irregular)hetit; thealgemeengenerally, widelymenselijke,humanikIwildeto want, to wishjeyou; yourwijzento showopon, upondethebijzondereparticularaard,kinddiewho (relative)blijktto appearuitout of, fromdethekeuzechoicevanof, fromhetit; theeneaofor; whetherhetit; theandereotherberoep.trades - 148
Well then, we see laborers and craftsmen in plenty, future masons who look at that half-finished building as if they were reckoning the proportion of weight between beams and walls; future gardeners who watch whether the spring sun has made the buds of the trees sprout further since yesterday; future cabinet-makers who peer at a piece of furniture carried past, as if it ought to spring open before their curious gaze; but there would be no end to it, if we wanted to spy out everything that can be seen here in the bud.
Welnu,Well thenweweziento seearbeids-laborenandhandwerksliedencraftsmenininmenigte,multitudetoekomstigefuturemetselaarsmasondiewho (relative)naarto, towardsdatthat; that (conjunction)halfvoltooidehalf-finishedgebouwbuildingkijkento lookalsofas thoughzeshe; theydetheverhoudingrelationvanof, fromhetit; thegewichtweighttussenbetweenbalkenbeamsenandmurenwallberekenden;reckontoekomstigefuturehoveniersgardenersdiewho (relative)oplettenwatchofor; whetherdethelentezonspring sundetheknoppenbudsvanof, fromhetit; thegeboomtetreessindssincegisterenyesterdayverderfurtherheeftto have, to have haddoento douitbotten;sprouttoekomstigefuturekastenmakerscabinet-makersdiewho (relative)eenavoorbijgedragencarried pastmeubelfurniturebeloerenpeer atalsofas thoughhetit; theopenopenmoestto have to, mustspringento springvoorforhunthem; theirnieuwsgierigecuriousblik;glancemaarbutertherezoushould, wouldgeenno, not aeindeendaanon, at, tozijnhis; to bealsifwewealleseverythingwildento want, to wishbespiedenspy outwatwhathierhereinindethedopshelltetoziento seevalt.to fall
Lesson 37: conversation
- 149
However did you get the idea of taking that house?
Hoehowbento be (irregular)jeyou; yourtochindeed, after all (here: 'I did warn you, after all')opon, uponhetit; theideeideagekomento comeomaround; at (time); in order todatthat; that (conjunction)huishousetetonemen?to take - 150
But the house is in poor condition, and the garden is a wilderness.
Maarbuthetit; thehuishouseisto be (irregular)ininslechtebadstaat,stands; stateenanddethetuingardenisto be (irregular)eenawildernis.wilderness - 151
Is the landlord having everything put in order?
Laatto letdethehuisheerlandlordalleseverythingininordeorderbrengen?bring - 152
This place suits my wife and me fairly well.
Dezethe latter (the most recently mentioned)woningdwellingbevaltpleasesmijmeenandmijnmy wifevrouwmy wifetamelijktolerablygoed.good, well - 153
That will soon be taken care of.
Voorforeenaenandanderanother (person)zalshall, willweldrasoonwordento become, to getgezorgd.see to it - 154
No, I'll have it done, but the landlord bears the cost.
Nee,noikIzalshall, willhetit; thelatento letdoen,to domaarbutdethehuisheerlandlorddraagtto carrydethekosten.costs
- 155
And what terms did you make? Did you also think about being transferred to another city?
Enandwelkewhich, whatvoorwaardentermshebto have, to have hadjeyou; yourgemaakt?to make (weak)Hebhavejeyou; yourookalso, likewiseaanon, at, tooverplaatsingtransfernaarto, towardseenaandereotherstadcity, towngedacht?thought - 156
What do you plan to plant in the garden?
Watwhatbento be (irregular)jeyou; yourvanof, fromplanplan, plansinindethetuingardentetozetten?to put, to set - 157
I have rented for three years. In case of a transfer, the lease ends with the current three months.
IkIhebto have, to have hadvoorfordriethreejaarthe yeargehuurd.rentedIningevalcasevanof, fromoverplaatsingtransfereindigtendeddethehuurrentmetwithdethelopendeto walkdriethreemaanden.months - 158
Along the walls some espaliered trees on the sunny side, and some shrubs on the other side.
Langsalongdethemurenwallwatwhatleibomenespaliered treesaanon, at, todethezonkantsunny sideenandenigeonly (het enige: the only thing)heestersshrubsaanon, at, todetheandereotherkant.hand
- 159
In the middle you ought to have a fine tree planted, for instance a copper beech.
Ininhetit; themiddenmiddlemoestto have to, mustjeyou; youreenaofor; whetherandereothermooiebeautifulboomtreelatento letzetten,to put, to setbijvoorbeeldfor instanceeenabruinebrownbeuk.beech - 160
Later, after quite a few years, yes; but by then you probably won't be working in this garden anymore.
Later,laternaafterheelwholewatwhatjaren,yearsja;yesmaarbutdanthenzulshall, willjeyou; yourwelbutnietnotmeermoreinindezethe latter (the most recently mentioned)tuingardenwerken.work - 161
I've thought about that too, but won't it cast too much shade?
Daaras, since, becausehebto have, to have hadikIookalso, likewisealalreadyoveracross, overgedacht,thoughtmaarbutzalshall, willdiewho (relative)nietnottetoveelmuchschaduwshadowwerpen?to throw - 162
And what shall I plant on these round beds? I think some violets and forget-me-nots.
Enandwatwhatzalshall, willikIopon, upondezethe latter (the most recently mentioned)rondearoundbeddenbedzetten?to put, to setMijme thinksdunktme thinkswatwhatviooltjesvioletsenandvergeet-mij-nietjes.forget-me-nots
- 163
Wouldn't you plant some monthly roses behind there, which bloom almost the whole year?
Zoushould, wouldjeyou; yourdaarachterbehind itnietnotwatwhatmaandroosjesmonthly rosesplanten,plantsdiewho (relative)bijnanearlyhetit; thehelewholejaarthe yearbloeien?blooms - 164
When your little garden is ready, I'll come and have a look.
Alsifjeyou; yourtuintjelittle gardenklaarfinishedis,to be (irregular)komto comeikIeensonce, one daykijken.to look - 165
That is a good idea, then I'll write to Boskoop sometime.
Datthat; that (conjunction)isto be (irregular)eenagoedgood, wellidee,ideadanthenzalshall, willikIeensonce, one daynaarto, towardsBoskoopBoskoopschrijven.to write - 166
Do that, you'll always be welcome.
Doedodat,that; that (conjunction)jeyou; yourbentto be (irregular)altijdalwayswelkom.welcome
Lesson 37: exercise 96
- 167
We used to sit there of a Sunday.
Wijweplachtento be accustomeddaaras, since, because's(abbreviation)zondagson Sundaystetozitten.to sit - 168
Upwards of a hundred years have elapsed since that memorable day.
Meermore thandanmore thanhonderdhundredjarenyearszijnto be (irregular)sindssincediewho (relative)merkwaardigeremarkabledagdayvoorbijgegaan.elapsed - 169
Of late years the traffic has considerably increased.
Sedertsincedethelaatstelastjarenyearsisto be (irregular)dethehandeltradeaanmerkelijkconsiderablytoegenomen.growing
- 170
He was made free of the City on this memorable occasion.
Bijwithdezethe latter (the most recently mentioned)merkwaardigeremarkablegelegenheidoccasion, opportunityverkreegobtainhijhehetit; theburgerrechtfreedomvanof, fromdetheCity.City - 171
They were married out of hand.
Zijshe; theytrouwdenmarriedopon, uponstaandeto standvoet.foot - 172
I am out of all patience with him.
IkIhebto have, to have hadalleallgeduldpatiencemetwithhemhimverloren.to lose
- 173
His spirits were sadly out of tune.
Zijnhis; to behumeurtemperwasto be (irregular)jammerlijkmost lamentablyontstemd.out of tune - 174
Here's to our kind hostess; more friends to her, and less need of them!
Eenadronkto drinkopon, upononzeourvriendelijkefriendly, kindgastvrouw:hostessmogemayhaarhervriendenkringcircle of friendssteedsalwaysgroeien,to growenandmogemayzeshe; theyhunthem; theirvriendschapfriendshipsteedsalwaysminderlessnodigto want, to needhebben!to want, to need - 175
Would to Heaven, this were our only ground of complaint.
Gafgavedethehemelheaven, skymaar,butdatthat; that (conjunction)ditthisonzeourenigeonly (het enige: the only thing)redenreasonvanof, fromklagento complain, to lamentwas.to be (irregular)
- 176
Speak little, but let that little be to the purpose.
Spreekspeakweinig,little, fewmaarbutlaatto letdatthat; that (conjunction)weinigea fewterfor thezakematterdienen.to serve - 177
I cannot possibly enter into that subject just now.
IkIkanto be able (can)thansnowonmogelijkimpossibledieperdeeperopon, upondethezaakmatteringaan.entered - 178
Many a man warms into kindliness with the blazing hearth of Merry Christmas.
Menigmany amensenharthuman heartwordtto become, to getzachtgentlegestemdvotedbijwithhetit; theopvlammendeblazinghaardvuurhearth firevanof, fromhetit; thegezelligesnugkerstfeest.Christmas
- 179
If you knew your instructions, why did you not act up to them?
Alsifuyou (polite)uwyour (polite)instructieinstructionskende,knewwaaromwhykwamto comeuyou (polite)diewho (relative)danthennietnotna?after - 180
What's up now?
Watwhatisto be (irregular)ertherenunow, at presentaanon, at, todethehand?a hand, hands - 181
I find he is well up in Grammar.
IkIvindto finddatthat; that (conjunction)hijhegoedgood, wellopon, upondethehoogteheightisto be (irregular)vanof, fromdethespraakkunst.grammar - 182
English ministers often go about the country speechifying, when the house is up.
EngelseEnglishministersMinistersgaanto godikwijlsofteninindetheprovincieprovinceredevoeringenspeecheshouden,to keepalsifhetit; theparlementParliamentgeenno, not azittinga seatheeft.to have, to have had - 183
Hot tears ran down his cheeks.
Heteit; thetranentearsvloeidenflowedlangsalongzijnhis; to bewangen.cheeks
- 184
The catchpolls were down upon him before another week had gone by.
Voordatbeforeerthereeenaweekweekverlopenwent bywas,to be (irregular)haddento have, to have haddethespeurhondentracker dogsvanof, fromhetit; thegerechtcourtdethehanda hand, handsopon, uponhemhimgelegd.to lay - 185
A family likeness prevailed through all, and properly speaking, they had but one character.
Allenallkenmerktencharacterizedzichoneself, himself, themselvesdoorthrougheenafamiliegelijkenis,family likenessenandeigenlijkactually, reallygezegdto sayhaddento have, to have hadzijshe; theyallenallhetzelfdethe samekarakter.character - 186
This is a rule that will hold good through life.
Ditthisisto be (irregular)eenaregellinediewho (relative)hetit; thehelewholelevenlifedoorthroughdeugdelijkhold goodzalshall, willblijken.to appear - 187
The most extraordinary thing is that I should live to be brought round through you.
Hetit; thegekstemadvanof, fromalleseverythingisto be (irregular)datthat; that (conjunction)ikIhetit; themoestto have to, mustbelevenknowndoorthroughuyou (polite)overtuigdconvincedtetoworden.to become, to get - 188
What I like above all things, is a ride across country.
Bovenabove, overalleseverythinghoudto keepikIvanof, fromeenaritridedoorthroughdethevelden.fields
- 189
I feel rather stiff about the legs.
IkIvoelfeelmemeenigszinssomewhatstijfstiffinindethebenen.leg - 190
He's the most expert swordsman about town.
Hijheisto be (irregular)dethebedrevensteskilledschermerswordsmanvanof, fromdethehelewholestad.city, town - 191
He went to town to see about a new piano for his brother.
Hijhegingto gonaarto, towardsdethestadcity, townomaround; at (time); in order torondaroundtetokijkento looknaarto, towardseenanieuwenewpianopianovoorforzijnhis; to bebroer.brother
Lesson 37: exercise 97
- 192
The house stood within a few yards of the city gate.
Hetit; thehuishousestondto standopon, uponenkelea fewellenyardsafstanddistancevanof, fromdethestadspoort.city gate - 193
To my knowledge, I never saw him in my life.
Voorforzoverso farikIweet,to knowhebto have, to have hadikIhemhimnooitnevergezien.to see - 194
I can tell you to an hour, how long it will last.
IkIkanto be able (can)jeyou; youropon, uponeenauurhourafoffzeggento sayhoelanghow longhetit; thezalshall, willduren.costly - 195
I have tried to talk him into reason.
IkIhebto have, to have hadgepoogdtriedhemhimtotuntil, toredediscoursetetobrengen.bring - 196
They tried to get round me, but soon found I was one too many for them.
Zijshe; theyprobeerdento trymijmebeetto bitetetonemen,to takemaarbutbemerktennoticedalalreadyspoedigsoondatthat; that (conjunction)ikIhunthem; theirtetoslimslyafoffwas.to be (irregular)
- 197
There's a fund of good feeling about him, which crops out where we should least have expected it.
Erthereisto be (irregular)inindethegrondground, earthietssomethinggoedsgoodininhem,himwatwhatzichoneself, himself, themselvesdanthenvertoontexhibitswanneerifmenone, peoplehetit; thehetit; theminstleastzoushould, wouldhebbento have, to have hadverwacht.expect - 198
Against ill chances men are ever merry: But heaviness foreruns the good event.
Tegenoveroppositetetoverwachtenbe expectedkwadebadkansenchancezijnto be (irregular)dethemensenmen, peoplesteedsalwaysvolfull (of)hoop;hopemaarbutzwaarmoedigheidheavinessgaatto goeenagoedethe good, what is gooduitslagoutcomevooraf.beforehand - 199
He wore a feather in his hat.
Hijhedroegto carryeenaveerspringopon, uponzijnhis; to behoed.hat - 200
Compliments are entirely lost upon our friend.
Metwithcomplimentencomplimentshaaltis to findmenone, peoplebijwithonzeourvriendfriendnietsnothinguit,out of, fromof:or; whethercomplimentencomplimentsvallento fallbijwithonzeourvriendfriendgladentirelyininhetit; thewater.water - 201
We have been at great pains to find out the truth.
Wijwehebbento have, to have hadheelwholewatwhatmoeitetroublegehadto have, to have hadomaround; at (time); in order toachterbehinddethewaarheidtruthtetokomen.to come
- 202
The hounds were at fault.
Dethejachthondenhoundswarento be (irregular)hetit; thespoortracebijster.at fault - 203
I confess I am not good at descriptions of female beauty.
IkIkomto comeerthereeerlijkhonestvoorforuit,out of, fromikIvoelfeelmemenietnotininstaatstands; statevrouwelijkefemaleschoonheidbeautytetobeschrijven.describing - 204
I believe the post-chaise is ready by this.
IkIgeloofto believedatthat; that (conjunction)dethepostwagenpost-chaisereedsalreadyklaarfinishedstaat.to stand - 205
It has always been a maxim with me that one man's money is as good as another's.
Hetit; theisto be (irregular)altijdalwaysmijnmygrondstellingprinciplesgeweestto be (irregular)datthat; that (conjunction)hetit; thegeldmoneyvanof, fromdetheeenazoso, asgoedgood, wellisto be (irregular)alsifvanof, fromdetheander.another (person) - 206
We had but half a dozen shillings between us.
Wijwebezatenpossessedsamentogetherslechtsonlyeenahalfhalfdozijndozenschellingen.shillings
- 207
So at last we were persuaded to buy the two gross of green spectacles between us.
Zoso, aswerdento become, to getwijweteninslotteendingbepraatpersuadedomaround; at (time); in order tosamentogetherdethetweetwogrosgrossgroenegreenbrillenspectaclestetokopen.to buy - 208
For shame, you a sailor, and carry sorrow aboard?
Foei,For shamejij,youeenamatroos,sailor, sailorsenanddanthennogstill, yet; anotherzorgcareaanon, at, toboordboard (of a ship)meebrengen?create - 209
The writer will do what he pleases in spite of me.
Detheschrijverwriter, author; clerkzal,shall, willondanksin spite ofmij,medoento dowatwhathemhimbehaagt.pleases - 210
A parrot who, for any signs of life she had previously given, might have been a wooden bird.
Eenapapegaaiparrotdie,who (relative)alalreadyhadto have, to have hadzeshe; theyeerdermoreookalso, likewiseenigsometekensignvanof, fromlevenlifegegeven,to givenetnetzoso, asgoedgood, welleenavogelbirdvanof, fromhoutwoodhadto have, to have hadkunnento be able (can)zijn.to be (irregular) - 211
To keep corn over winter.
Korencorndethewinterwinteroveracross, overhouden.to keep - 212
They quarrelled over their liquor.
Zijshe; theytwisttenquarrelledonderunder; amongeenaborreltje.liquor
- 213
When a man is on business, he should be above such trifles.
Wanneerifeenamanman; husbandinindienstserviceis,to be (irregular)moestto have to, musthijhebovenabove, overzulkesuchnietighedenNonentityverhevensublime, elevatedzijn.to be (irregular) - 214
He has left us evidence under his own hand that he was of a very different opinion.
Hijheheeftto have, to have hadonsuseenaeigenhandigin his own handgetekendsignedbewijsproofgegevento givedatthat; that (conjunction)hijhevanof, fromeenageheelwholeandereothermeningopinionwas.to be (irregular) - 215
There were some houses of the original settlers standing within a few yards.
Enkelea fewjarenyearsgeledensufferedstondento standertherenogstill, yet; anotherenigeonly (het enige: the only thing)huizenhousesvanof, fromdetheoorspronkelijkeoriginalkolonisten.settlers
Lesson 37: exercise 98
- 216
Dordrecht, 4th January, 1912.
Dordrecht,Dordrecht44thjanuariJanuary1912.1912 - 217
Mr. H. Schermmeester, Gouda.
Denpine (the tree)heergentleman, lordH.hSchermmeester,SchermmeesterGouda.Gouda - 218
Sir,
Mijnheer,sir!; Mr. (as a title before a name)
- 219
Mr. L. Stole of this place has informed us that a short time back you established a business in Hardware, and as, without doubt, you are inclined to deal also in our articles, we beg to send you our last price-list, requesting you at the same time to examine it and, eventually, give us your orders, which we shall deem it our duty to dispatch promptly and to your entire satisfaction.
Detheheergentleman, lordL.L.StoleStolealhierhereheeftto have, to have hadonsusmedegedeeldinformeddatthat; that (conjunction)uyou (polite)onlangslatelyeenazaakmatterininkleinesmallijzerwarenhardwaregevestigdbasedhebt,to have, to have hadenanddaaras, since, becauseuyou (polite)ongetwijfeldundoubtedlyookalso, likewiseininonzeourfabrikatenproductszultshall, willdoen,to dozijnto be (irregular)wijwezoso, asvrijrather, quite; freeuyou (polite)onzeourprijscourantprice listtoetotetozenden,to sendmetwithhetit; thebeleefdecourteousverzoekrequestdiewho (relative)eensonce, one daytetowillento want, to wishinzienseeenandonsusbijwithgelegenheidoccasion, opportunitytetovererenhonoredmetwithuwyour (polite)bestellingen,orderswaarvanof whichwijwehetit; theonsusteninplichtdutyzullenshall, willmakento make (weak)diewho (relative)opon, upondetheprompsteprompsteenandsoliedstemost reliablewijzemanner, wayuitout of, fromtetovoeren.to navigate - 220
Confining ourselves to manufacture one particular kind of wares, viz. Nickeled bindings, we may flatter ourselves to be able to produce articles unequalled as to their quality and for which, as you will see from our price-current, we nevertheless quote prices as low as those noted by any of our competitors.
Daaras, since, becausewijwevernikkeldenickeledbeslagenmounteduitsluitendsolelyalsifspecialiteitspecialistvervaardigen,manufacturemogenmaywijweonsusvleienflatterinindatthat; that (conjunction)artikelarticleonovertrefbareunequalledwaarwhere; truetetokunnento be able (can)leveren,hand overen,andzoalsasuyou (polite)uitout of, fromonzeourprijslijstprice listzultshall, willzien,to seezijnto be (irregular)desondanksneverthelessonzeourprijsnoteringenprice quotationszoso, asbillijkreasonablealsifdiewho (relative)vanof, fromwelkewhich, whatconcurrentcompetitorook.also, likewise - 221
We hope shortly to receive an order from your respected house, and are ready to transmit you a collection of patterns upon your demand.
Wijwehopenbe hopeddanthenookalso, likewiseweldrasoonenigerleisome kind ofbestellingordervanof, fromuyou (polite)tetozullenshall, willontvangen,receivedenandzijnto be (irregular)graaggladly, with pleasurebereidreadyomaround; at (time); in order tou,you (polite)desgewenst,if desiredeenaverzamelingcollection; gatheringmonstersmonstertoetotetozenden.to send - 222
Yours respectfully.
Metwithalleallachting,respect, regard - 223
De Erven Binnendijk.
DetheErvenplotsBinnendijk.Binnendijk
Lesson 37: exercise 99
- 224
He does not know a B from a bull's foot.
Hijhekentknowsgeenno, not aaAvoorforeenab.B - 225
He is always harping upon the same string.
Hijheslaatbeatsaltijdalwaysopon, uponhetzelfdethe sameaanbeeld.anvil - 226
To buy a thing for an old song.
Ietssomethingvoorforeenaappelappleenandeenaeiegg, eggskopen.to buy - 227
To quarrel about nothing.
Omaround; at (time); in order to's(abbreviation)keizersEmperorbaardbeardtwisten.to quarrel - 228
Bitter pills may have sweet effects.
Bitterbitterlyinindethemonda mouth, mouthsmaaktto make (weak)hetit; thehartheartgezond.common - 229
To have several strings to one's bow.
Veelmuchsnarenstringsopon, uponzijnhis; to beboogbenthebben.to have, to have had - 230
A tree is known by its fruit.
Aanon, at, todethevruchtenfruitskentknowsmenone, peopledetheboom.tree
- 231
An oak is not felled at one chop.
Eenaboomtreevaltto fallnietnotmetwithdetheeerstethe former (the first-mentioned)slag.blow - 232
Rome was not built in a day.
RomeRomeisto be (irregular)nietnotopon, uponéénonedagdaygebouwd.built - 233
To confess to the devil.
Bijwithdetheduiveldevilstetobiechtconfessiongaan.to go - 234
Every man for himself, and, God for us all.
Elkeachvoorforzichoneself, himself, themselvesenandGodGodvoorforonsusallen.all - 235
A word is enough to the wise.
Voorfordethegeleerdenscholarsisto be (irregular)goedgood, wellpreken.preach - 236
One must take time by the fore-lock.
Menone, peoplemoetto have to, mustdethegelegenheidoccasion, opportunitybijwithhetit; thehaarhergrijpen.to catch - 237
To take the food out of one's mouth.
Iemandsomeonehetit; thegrasgrassvoorfordethevoetenfeetwegmaaien.mow away
- 238
Every cock is proud of his own dunghill.
Eenahaanroosteristo be (irregular)stoutdaringopon, uponeigenowndam.dams - 239
Between hawk and buzzard.
Tussenbetweendethehamerhammerenandhetit; theaanbeeldanvilzijn.to be (irregular) - 240
They live from hand to mouth.
Vanof, fromdethehanda hand, handsinindethetandteethleven.life - 241
To blow hot and cold with the same breath.
Heetam calledenandkoudcolduitout of, fromeenamonda mouth, mouthsblazen.to blow - 242
He that ate the cow must not worry on the tail.
Komto comeikIoveracross, overdethehond,the dog, dogsdanthenkomto comeikIoveracross, overdethestaart.gazes - 243
When two dogs are over a bone, a third will snatch it away from them.
Alsiftweetwohondenthe dog, dogsvechtento fightomaround; at (time); in order toeenabeen,leglooptto walkeenaderdethirdertheremeealong, withheen.away - 244
Pride goes before, and shame follows after.
HoogmoedHoogmoedkomtto comevoorfordetheval.fall
- 245
To throw the helve after the hatchet.
Dethekolfclubnaarto, towardsdethebalballwerpen.to throw - 246
To hit the nail on the head.
Dethespijkernailopon, upondethekopheadslaan.to beat - 247
In the absence of water one must make a shift with wine.
Bijwithgebreklackaanon, at, tobroodbreadeetto eatmenone, peoplekorstjescrustsvanof, frompasteien.pies - 248
To a rude ass a rude keeper.
Voorforeenahardeloudkwastknotmoetto have to, musteenascherpesharpbeitelchiselzijn.to be (irregular) - 249
Tit for tat.
Leerteachomaround; at (time); in order toleer.teach - 250
A cobbler should stick to his last.
Schoenmaker,Schoenmakerblijfto remain, staybijwithjeyou; yourleest.to read
- 251
He has got out of bed the wrong foot foremost.
Hijheisto be (irregular)metwithzijnhis; to belinkerbeenleft leguitout of, fromhetit; thebedbedgestapt.stepped - 252
Cunning is better than force.
Listcunninggaatto gobovenabove, overgeweld.force - 253
Every man may meet his match.
Erthereisto be (irregular)altijdalwaysmeesterteacher (in everyday speech, meester/schoolmeester is often used for a primary-school teacher; a teacher at a public secondary school (H.B.S.) or a gymnasium is called leraar, a university professor is called professor or hoogleraar)bovenabove, overmeester.teacher (in everyday speech, meester/schoolmeester is often used for a primary-school teacher; a teacher at a public secondary school (H.B.S.) or a gymnasium is called leraar, a university professor is called professor or hoogleraar) - 254
This is a rule that works both ways.
Ditthisisto be (irregular)eenames,knifedatthat; that (conjunction)aanon, at, totweetwokantensidessnijdt.to cut - 255
Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
Dethemorgenstondbreak of morningheeftto have, to have hadgoudgoldinindethemond.a mouth, mouths - 256
To add fuel to the fire.
Olieoilininhetit; thevuurfirewerpen.to throw - 257
Out of sight, out of mind.
Uitout of, fromhetit; theoog,eyeuitout of, fromhetit; thehart.heart
- 258
To put the cart before the horse.
Hetit; thepaardhorseachterbehinddethewagencarriagespannen.to stretch - 259
Out of the frying pan into the fire.
Detheregenrainschuwentimidenandinindetheslootclosedvallen.to fall - 260
To seek for a needle in a hay-stack.
Spijkersnailsopon, uponlaaglowwaterwaterzoeken.to try, to seek - 261
You must cut your coat according to your cloth.
Detheteringconsumptionnaarto, towardsdetheneringtradezetten.to put, to set - 262
This is grist to his mill.
Datthat; that (conjunction)isto be (irregular)korengrainopon, uponzijnhis; to bemolen.windmill - 263
All roads lead to Rome.
Alleallwegenroadsleidenleadnaarto, towardsRome.Rome
Lesson 38: List of verbs and adjectives used with prepositions
Words with a set preposition
Many Dutch verbs and adjectives take a set preposition after them. The list gives each word with its preposition, then the English meaning.
Read an entry as one phrase. Denken aan means think of. Wachten op means wait for. The Dutch preposition often differs from the English one.
Some lines give two prepositions. Bang voor, van means afraid of. Both voor and van are used after bang. Learn each word with its preposition.
List of verbs and adjectives used with prepositions
The following list of verbs and adjectives will give further assistance in the proper application of the prepositions.
- 264
insist on, upon
Aandringenpressopon, upon - 265
deprive of, rob of, strip of
berovenrobbedvanof, from - 266
bark at
blaffenbarknaarto, towards - 267
dream of
dromendreamvanof, from - 268
kind to (one)
goedgood, wellvoorforiemandsomeone
List of verbs and adjectives used with prepositions
The following list of verbs and adjectives will give further assistance in the proper application of the prepositions.
Aandringen op insist on, upon
aangaan bij call on, at
aangenaam voor pleasant to
aankomen te arrive at
aanspraak hebben op entitled to
aanvangen met set about
aarden naar take after
adresseren aan direct to
afhangen van depend on, upon
afhankelijk van dependent on
afkerig van averse to
afleiden uit infer from
afpersen van extort from
afreizen naar depart for
afstammen van descend from
aftrekken van abstract from, subtract from
afwezig van absent from
afwijken van depart from
arm aan poor in
Bang voor, van afraid of
barsten van burst with
beroemd door, om, wegens famous for
zich beroemen op boast of
zich beroepen op appeal to
beroven van deprive of, rob of, strip of
berouw hebben over repent of
berucht door, om, wegens notorious for
beschermen voor screen from, shield from
beschermen tegen protect against
beschikken over dispose of
beslissen over decide on
besluiten tot determine on, resolve on, upon
besluiten uit conclude from
bestaan in consist in
bestaan uit consist of
betrokken in concerned in
beven van tremble with, shake with, shiver with
bevoegd tot qualified for
bevorderen tot make
bevreesd voor, van afraid of
bevrijd van rid of
bevrijden van deliver from
bewaren voor preserve from
bezig aan occupied with
bezwaard met oppressed with
bijdragen tot contribute to, tend to
bijten naar bite at
bleek van pale with
blaffen naar bark at
blijde over glad of, at
blind aan één oog blind of (one eye)
blind van blind with
blind voor blind to
blozen van, over blush at, for
boos op angry with
boos over angry at
branden van burn with
buigen voor bow to
iemand condoleren met condole with a person for
Deelnemen aan partake of
denken aan think of
denken over think about
tot niets dienen be of no use
doelen op aim at
dol van mad with
doof aan deaf of
doof van, met deaf with
doof voor deaf to
doordringen in penetrate into
dorsten naar thirst after, for
drinken op drink to
dronken van intoxicated with
dromen van dream of
duizelig van giddy with
Eerzuchtig naar ambitious of
eisen van require of
zich ergeren over be offended at, with, be vexed at
ervaren in skilful at, in
gebrand zijn op be fond of, be mad of
gebruikelijk bij usual with
gekweld door tormented with
gelegen aan situated on
geloven aan iets to believe in
gepast voor suitable to
gerust over, omtrent easy about
geschikt tot, voor fit for
getroffen door moved at, struck with
getrouw aan faithful to
geven aan give to
geven om care for
gevoelig voor sensible of
gevoelloos voor insensible to
glimlachen over, om smile at
glinsteren van sparkle with
gloeien van glow with
gluren naar peep at
goed voor iemand kind to (one)
gooien naar throw at
grenzen aan border on, upon
gretig naar greedy of
grijpen naar grasp at, snatch at
grommen over grumble at
groots op proud of
Handelen overeenkomstig act up to
hangen aan hang on
happen naar snap at
heilig door, van sacred from
herinneren aan remind of
herkennen aan know by
herstellen van recover from
hijgen naar pant for
zich hoeden voor beware of, guard against
horen van hear from, hear about, of
hopen op iemand place one's hope in (one)
hopen op iets hope for
huiveren van shudder with
IJdel op vain of
ingenomen met pleased with
Jaloers op jealous of
Kiezen tot choose ..., choose for
kijken naar look at
klagen over complain of
kleven aan stick to
kloppen aan knock at, rap at
kloppen van palpitate with
knabbelen aan nibble at
knielen voor kneel to
knikken tegen nod to
koken van boil with
kopen van buy from, of
kwellen door iets worry with
kwijnen om pine for
Lachen om laugh at
lam aan lame of
landen aan land on
lastig voor troublesome to
lenen van borrow of, from
leven van feed on, upon, live on
letten op attend to
lijden aan suffer from
losmaken uit disentangle from
luisteren naar listen to
Merkwaardig voor, wegens remarkable for
mikken op aim at
misnoegd met, over displeased with
moede van sick of, weary of, tired of, with
mompelen over mutter at
Nadenken over ponder on, reflect on, upon
naijverig op jealous of
nat van wet with
neergedrukt door oppressed with
noodlottig voor fatal to
noodzakelijk voor necessary for, to
Omkomen van perish with
omringd door surrounded by, with
onafhankelijk van independent of
onafscheidelijk van inseparable from
onbekend met ignorant of
onderhevig aan liable to
onderrichten van inform about, of
onderscheiden van distinguish from
ongerust over uneasy about
ongevoelig voor insensible to
onschuldig aan innocent of
ontbloot van void of
ontheffen van relieve from
zich onthouden van abstain from
ontkomen aan escape from
ontlast van discharged from
ontrukken aan tear from
ontslaan van absolve from, release from
ontslagen van exempt from
ontstaan uit arise from
ontvlamd van inflamed with
onverschillig voor indifferent to
onwetend van ignorant of
onzichtbaar voor invisible to
oordelen naar judge from
oordelen over decide on, judge of
opgetogen over overjoyed at, with
opkomen bij iemand occur to (one)
opmaken uit gather from
oprecht jegens true to
overeenkomen omtrent agree about
overeenkomen met agree with
overeenkomstig met agreeable to
overeenstemmen met agree with
overstelpt door overwhelmed with
overtuigen van convince of
overweldigd door oppressed with, overwhelmed with
Passend aan suitable to
peinzen over reflect on, upon
pikken naar peck at
pochen op boast of
praten over talk about, of
preken tot, voor preach to
Rechtvaardig jegens just to
redden uit rescue from
regeren over reign over, rule over
rekenen op depend on, upon
rieken naar savour of, smell of
rijk aan rich in
rijk zijn aan abound in, with
rillen van shiver with, shudder with
roemen op glory in
rukken uit snatch from
Samengesteld uit composed of
schadelijk voor hurtful to
schatten op estimate at
scheiden van part from
schenken aan bestow on, upon
schertsen over jest at
schieten op shoot at, fire at
zich schikken naar comply with
schoppen naar kick at
schreeuwen om cry for
schreien om cry for
schreien van cry with
schrikken bij, op start at
schuimbekken van foam with
schuldig aan guilty of
sidderen van quake with
slaan naar strike at
slingeren naar hurl at
smaak voor taste for
smaken naar savour of, taste of
smartelijk voor grievous to
smijten naar throw at
smoren door, van smother with, stifle with, suffocate with
snakken naar gasp for
spotten met jest at, scoff at
spreken over speak about
spreken tot speak to
staren naar stare at
staren op gaze on
sterven aan die of, from
sterven van die with, of
stijf van stiff with
stikken door, van smother with, stifle with, suffocate with
stoten aan push at
strekken tot tend to
streven naar aim at, aspire at, strive after
strijden tegen contend with
strijdig met opposite to
Teleurgesteld in disappointed in
terugdeinzen voor to shrink from
tevreden met, over contented with, satisfied with
tikken aan tap at
toegevend jegens indulgent to
toekijken op look after
toestemmen in consent to
trachten naar aim at
treuren over mourn for
trots op proud of
trouweloos jegens false to
twijfelen aan doubt of
Uitgeput van exhausted with, faint with
uitgesloten van excluded from
uitvaren tegen rail at, against
uitweiden over descant on, upon, dwell on, expatiate on
uitzonderen van except from
Vals jegens false to
vatbaar voor liable to
veilig voor safe from, secure from
veranderen in convert into
verbaasd over amazed at
verbannen uit banish from
verbergen voor conceal from, hide from
zich verbergen voor hide oneself from
verbitterd op embittered at, against, irritated against
verblinden door dazzle with
verdedigen tegen defend from, against
verdelen in divide into
verdenken van suspect of
verdiept in intent on
verdoofd door stunned with
verenigen met annex to, unite to, with
vergelijken met compare to, with
zich verheugen over rejoice at
verhit door inflamed with
verkiezen boven prefer to
verkleumd van benumbed with
verkwikt door refreshed with
verlangen naar long for, wish for
zich verlaten op rely on, upon
verleid door iets tempted with
verlokt door iets tempted with
verliefd op amorous of, in love with
verlossen uit release from
verlossen van deliver from
vermaard om, wegens famous for
vermaken met amuse with
zich vermaken over make merry over, enjoy
vermoeid van fatigued with
zich verontschuldigen wegens apologise for
verrast door surprised at
verre van far from
verrukt over delighted with
verschillen van differ from, with
verschillend van different from
verschonen van excuse from
verschrikken van frighten with
vertrekken naar set out for, start for
vertrouwen op confide in
vertrouwen stellen op confide in
verwijderd van distant from, remote from
verwonderd door surprised at
verwonderd over astonished at
zich verwonderen over wonder at
vestigen op fix upon
vluchten voor fly before, from
zich voeden met feed on, upon
voegen bij annex to
voldaan over satisfied with
volharden in persist in
voorkomend jegens kind to
voorstellen aan, bij introduce to
voortvloeien uit result from
voorzien van furnish with, provide with, supply with
vorderen van require of
vragen naar ask after, inquire after
vragen om ask for
vragen omtrent inquire about
vragen over question on
vrezen voor fear for
vriendelijk jegens kind to
vrij van exempt from, free from
vuren op fire at
Waarschuwen voor warn against
wachten op wait for
zich wachten voor beware of, guard against
wanhopen aan despair of
wenen om, van weep with, for
wenen over weep at
weergalmen van resound with
wekken uit rouse from
zich wenden tot apply to
werpen naar throw at
wijzen naar point at
wonen aan live by
Zinspelen op allude to, hint at
zoeken naar look for, seek for
zondigen tegen trespass against
zorgen voor provide for
zorgvuldig voor careful of
zuiveren van cleanse from
A few from the list
Aandringen op insist on, upon
aangaan bij call on, at
aangenaam voor pleasant to
aankomen te arrive at
aanspraak hebben op entitled to
aanvangen met set about
aarden naar take after
adresseren aan direct to
afhangen van depend on, upon
afhankelijk van dependent onList of English words with prepositions
bijvoegen, vermeerderen Add to
toelaten admit of
aannemen agree to
bepalen agree on
bedragen amount to
verantwoorden answer for
toepassen apply to
goedkeuren approve of
bedienen attend on, upon
verlenen, schenken bestow upon, on
dulden, verdragen Bear with
bestellen, afhalen Call for
toeroepen call to
berekenen charge for
opdragen charge with
afzetten cheat of
schenken, verlenen confer on, upon
behandelen Deal with
ontnemen deprive of
tegenvallen be disappointed in
ontberen dispense with
uitsluitend Exclusive of
uithelpen, uitredden extricate from
aanpassen Fit on
uitrusten fit out
in orde brengen fit up
aangapen Gape at
aanstaren gaze at
strak aanzien gaze on, upon
vluchtig aanzien glance at
betreuren, grieven grieve at
gissen, vermoeden guess at
aarzelen Hesitate at
beletten, hinderen hinder from
najagen, overal zoeken hunt after
ontdekken, opsporen hunt down
bedriegen Impose upon
minder dan inferior to
iemand aanklagen inform against (one)
onderzoeken inquire into
uitlachen Laugh at
aangrijpen lay hold of
rondkijken, rondzien look about
nagaan look after
aankijken look at
onderzoeken look into
ontmoeten Meet with
tegenwerpen, ergens op tegen hebben Object to
tegenoverstellen oppose to
tegenover opposite to
wegdoen Part with
volhouden persist in
kaart spelen play at (cards etc.)
overdenken ponder on
verhinderen prevent from
aangrijpen Seize upon
laten halen send for
iemand de hand schudden shake hands with (one)
iemand vriendelijk toelachen smile on (one)
toesnauwen snarl at
ontrukken snatch from
minachtend glimlachen sneer at
aanstaren stare at
overtreden Trespass on
bedienen Wait on
beweenen weep for
oogluikend toelaten wink at
waardig worthy of
A few from the list
bijvoegen, vermeerderen Add to
toelaten admit of
aannemen agree to
bepalen agree on
bedragen amount to
verantwoorden answer for
toepassen apply to
goedkeuren approve of
bedienen attend on, upon
verlenen, schenken bestow upon, onLesson 38: List of English words with prepositions
Words without a preposition in Dutch
Some English words need a preposition where the Dutch word takes none. The list gives the Dutch first and the English second.
Goedkeuren means approve of. Toelaten means admit of. Aannemen means agree to. Use each Dutch word without a preposition after it.
Some lines give two Dutch words for one English phrase. Verlenen, schenken means bestow upon, on. Either Dutch word fits.
- 278
Add to
bijvoegen,to addvermeerderenAdd to - 279
amount to
bedragenamount to - 280
attend on, upon
bedienenattend on, upon - 281
call to
toeroepento cry to - 282
confer on, upon
schenken,to grantverlenenbestow upon, on
Waarom wordt men klerk? (Vervolg.)
- 292
Why does one become a clerk? (Continued.)
Waaromwhywordtto become, to getmenone, peopleklerk?clerk(Vervolg.)future - 293
And yet it is amusing to look at that group over there: one of the boys has found a piece of chalk, and just see how he draws, how he caricatures!
Enandtochindeed, after all (here: 'I did warn you, after all')isto be (irregular)hetit; theaardigcharmingomsmile atnaarto, towardsdatthat; that (conjunction)groepjesmall groupdaaras, since, becausetetokijken:to lookeenavanof, fromdethejongensboysheeftto have, to have hadeenastukpiecekrijtchalkgevonden,to findenandkijkto lookeensonce, one dayhoehowhijhetekent,signedhoehowhijhekarikaturiseert!caricatures - 294
He suffers from the same failing we all suffer from; he exaggerates!
Hijhegaatto gomanklameaanon, at, tohetzelfdethe sameeuvelamisswaaraanfrom whichwijweallemaalalllijden;to sufferhijheoverdrijft!exaggerates
- 295
The master's nose makes a mockery of all proportion.
Detheneusnosevanof, fromdethemeesterteacher (in everyday speech, meester/schoolmeester is often used for a primary-school teacher; a teacher at a public secondary school (H.B.S.) or a gymnasium is called leraar, a university professor is called professor or hoogleraar)steektto sting, to putdethedraakmockerymetwithalleallverhouding.relation - 296
But never mind, there are critics all around him, reviewers for everyone who exposes his work to public scrutiny; what could be fairer?
Maarbutgeenno, not anood,wantertherezijnto be (irregular)criticicriticsomsmile athemhimheen,awayrecensentenreviewersvoorforiedereeneveryonediewho (relative)zijnhis; to bewerkworkaanon, at, todethebeschouwingReflectionsvanof, fromhetit; thepubliekpublicblootstelt;exposeswatwhatisto be (irregular)billijker?fair - 297
If you find your future carpenter in that three-foot-high wisdom over there using a straw as a set square, allow me to take up for the quick one who a little further off is chasing a butterfly: he will burn with eagerness to undertake things; he will become a merchant; he will dare and win.
Alsifjeyou; yourjeyou; youraanstaandecomingtimmermancarpenter (also a surname)vindtto findinindiewho (relative)driethreevoetfoothogehighwijsheidwisdomdiewho (relative)daaras, since, becauseeenastrohalmstrawalsifwinkelhaakset squaregebruikt,to eat, to havestato standmijmetoetohetit; theopon, upontetonemento takevoorfordethevluggequickjongenboydiewho (relative)eenaeindjelittle wayverderopfurther oneenavlinderbutterflyachternaloopt:chaseshijhezalshall, willbrandenburn withvanburn withverlangenlongingomsmile attetoondernemen;undertakehijhezalshall, willkoopmanmerchantworden;to become, to gethijhezalshall, willwagencarriageenandwinnen.to win
- 298
The shopkeeper's spirit, which stays at home and waits, I see more than enough of in that marble-playing crowd.
Dethewinkeliersgeest,shopkeeper's spiritdiewho (relative)thuisat homeblijftto remain, stayzittento sitenandafwacht,waitedzieto seeikImeermore thandanmore thangenoegenoughbijwithdiewho (relative)knikkerendemarble-playinghoophopekinderen.children - 299
“Cheating!” I hear someone call out.
“Valsof fallspelen”to playhoorhearikIroepen.call - 300
Poor boy! you who get so angry about the wrong done; who shield the little cheated one; who, now that you have avenged him, look up so earnestly at the blue sky, future poet! what were you doing during the game?
Armepoorjongen!boyjijyoudiewho (relative)jeyou; yourzoso, asboosangrymaaktto make (weak)overacross, overhetit; thebeganecommittedonrecht;injusticediewho (relative)dethekleinesmallbedrogenecheated onedethehanda hand, handsbovenabove, overhetit; thehoofdheadhoudt;to keepdie,who (relative)nunow, at presentjeyou; yourhemhimhebtto have, to have hadgewroken,to revengezoso, asernstigseriousnaarto, towardsdetheblauwebluehemelheaven, skyopkijkt,looks uptoekomstigefuturedichter!poetwatwhatdeedto dojijyoutijdensduringhetit; thespel?stake
- 301
He has no answer, lost as he is in contemplating a flower growing by the road; love for the beautiful alongside a feeling for the noble, I like that boy.
Hijheheeftto have, to have hadgeenno, not aantwoord,answerverzonkensunkalsifhijheisto be (irregular)inindethebeschouwingReflectionsvanof, fromeenabloemflowerdiewho (relative)langsalongdethewegaway; roadgroeit;to growliefdelovevoorforhetit; themooiebeautifulnaastnext togevoelfeelingvoorforhetit; theedele,preciousikImagmaydiewho (relative)jongenboywel.but - 302
Yet I lose sight of him, for the sake of that lame boy over there; a crippled childhood is such a pitiful sight!
Tochindeed, after all (here: 'I did warn you, after all')verliesto loseikIhemhimuitout of, fromhetit; theoog,eyeomsmile atdiewho (relative)kreupelelamejongenboydaar;as, since, becausegebrekkigedefectivejeugdyouthisto be (irregular)zo'nsuch adeerniswekkendpitifulschouwspel!sight - 303
But you are right, he can become a tailor or a cobbler, and if he has money and wit, just as well earn a degree at one of the three faculties, as one of these future lawyers, doctors, or teachers.
Maarbutjeyou; yourhebtto have, to have hadgelijk,ashijhekanto be able (can)kleermakertailorofor; whetherschoenmakercobblerworden,to become, to getenandalsifhijhegeldmoneyenandverstandsenseheeft,to have, to have hadnetnetzoso, asgoedgood, welleenagraaddegreeaanon, at, toeenavanof, fromdethedriethreefaculteitenfacultiesbehalen,earnalsifeenavanof, fromdezethe latter (the most recently mentioned)toekomstigefuturerechtsgeleerden,lawyersartsenphysician, doctorofor; whetherleraren.teachers
Lesson 38: conversation
- 304
Do you know a good English work about the Netherlands and the Dutch?
Kenknowjeyou; youreenagoedgood, wellEngelsEngelswerkworkoveracross, overNederlandNederlandenanddetheNederlanders?Nederlanders - 305
Surely a description of the provinces of Holland and the big cities that lie on the railway network?
Zekersurely, certainlyeenabeschrijvingdescriptionvanof, fromdetheprovinciesprovincesHollandHollandenanddethegrotebig, greatstedencitiesdiewho (relative)aanon, at, tohetit; thespoorwegnetrailway networkliggen?to lie (be situated) - 306
To my regret, no; but I have read a fairly good work about part of our country.
Totuntil, tomijnmyspijtregretniet;notwelbuthebto have, to have hadikIeenavrijrather, quite; freegoedgood, wellwerkworkgelezento readoveracross, overeenagedeeltepartvanof, fromonsusland.land - 307
Not at all; the greatest part of the work is devoted to a lesser-known region of Friesland.
Helemaalentirelyniet;nothetit; thegrootstegreatestdeelpartvanof, fromhetit; thewerkworkisto be (irregular)gewijddevotedaanon, at, toeenaminderlessbekendeknownstreekregionvanof, fromFriesland.Friesland
- 308
And what is that book called? Could I possibly borrow it from you?
Enandhoehowheetto be calleddatthat; that (conjunction)boek?bookKanto be able (can)ikIhetit; thenietnoteensonce, one dayvanof, fromuyou (polite)tetoleenborrowkrijgen?to get; honger krijgen: to become hungry - 309
Oh, so not exclusively about the Frisian lakes! And what is this writer's judgment of our country?
Zo,so, asdussonietnotuitsluitendExclusive ofoveracross, overdetheFrieseFrisianmeren!moreEnandhoehowisto be (irregular)hetit; theoordeeljudgmentvanof, fromdezethe latter (the most recently mentioned)schrijverwriter, author; clerkoveracross, overonsusland?land - 310
With great pleasure. I mean Doughty's Friesland Meres and through the Netherlands.
Metwithalleallgenoegen.pleasureIkIbedoelmeanDoughty'sDoughty'sFrieslandFrieslandMeresMeresandto be accustomed, to be in the habit ofthroughthroughthetheNetherlands.Netherlands - 311
On the whole fairly favourable; the writer has seen a great deal in a short time, and what is more, has generally seen it well.
Overacross, overhetit; thealgemeengenerally, widelyvrijrather, quite; freegunstig;favorablydetheschrijverwriter, author; clerkheeftto have, to have hadininkorteshorttijdtimeveelmuchgezien,to seeenandwatwhatmeermorezegt,to saymeestalusuallygoedgood, wellgezien.to see
- 312
That pleases me, for some foreign writers often know how to tell strange things about our country and its inhabitants.
Datthat; that (conjunction)verheugtrejoicemij,mewantfor, becausesommigesomebuitenlandseforeignschrijverswriter, author; clerkwetento knowvaakoftengekkemaddingenthingsoveracross, overonsuslandlandenandzijnhis; to bebewonersinhabitantstetovertellen.tell - 313
But surely such books are not bought much, and certainly read even less?
Maarbutzulkesuchboekenbookswordento become, to getzekersurely, certainlynietnotveelmuchgekochtto buyenandzekersurely, certainlynogstill, yet; anotherminderlessgelezen?to read - 314
Tomorrow I'll come and fetch Doughty's work.
Morgenmorningkomto comeikIDoughty'sDoughty'swerkworkhalen.fetch - 315
Sometimes far too strange, especially for so-called educated people who travel through the whole country in a few hours or a couple of days.
Somssometimesmaarbutalalreadytetogek,madvooralabove allvoorforzogenoemdeso-calledontwikkeldeunfoldingmensenmen, peoplediewho (relative)ininenkelea fewurenhoursofor; whetherinineenapaarcoupledagendaysdoorthroughhetit; thehelewholelandlandreizen.traveling - 316
Alas, far too much! Some people like to see their own country extolled at the expense of another country.
Helaasalasmaarbutalalreadytetoveel!muchSommigesomemensenmen, peopleziento seehunthem; theireigenownlandlandgraaggladly, with pleasureopgehemeldpraisedteninkostecostsvanof, fromeenaanderanother (person)land.land - 317
Good, it is at your disposal.
Goed,good, wellhetit; thestaatto standtotuntil, touwyour (polite)beschikking.disposal
Lesson 38: exercise 100
- 318
A dreadful instance of the ferocity of the shark once occurred at the Society Islands in the Pacific.
Eenavreselijkdreadfullyvoorbeeldexamplevanof, fromdethewoestheidferocityvanof, fromdethehaaisharksvondto findeensonce, one dayplaatsplacebijwithdetheGezelschapseilandenSociety IslandsinindetheStilleStilleZuidzee.Zuidzee - 319
Upwards of thirty natives were passing from one island to another in a large vessel, consisting of two canoes fastened together side by side.
Meermore thandanmore thandertigthirtyinboorlingennativesstakento sting, to putvanof, fromeenavanof, fromdiewho (relative)eilandenislandsnaarto, towardseenaanderanother (person)overacross, overinineenagrootgreatvaartuig,vesselbestaandeexisting onesuitout of, fromtweetwokano'scanoeszijshe; theyaanon, at, tozijshe; theyaanon, at, toelkaareach otherverbonden.joined - 320
Being overtaken by a storm, the canoes were torn apart, and singly they could not be made to float upright.
Doorthrougheenastormstormovervallen,came overwerdento become, to getdethekano'scanoesvanof, fromelkaareach othergerukt,torn (rukken)enandalleenonlykondento be able (can)zeshe; theynietnotrechtopuprightdrijvendto floatgehoudento keepworden.to become, to get
- 321
In vain the crew attempted to balance them.
Tevergeefsin vainprobeerdeto trydethebemanningcrewzeshe; theyininevenwichtbalancetetohouden.to keep - 322
They were every moment overturned.
Elkeachogenblikmomentwerdento become, to getzeshe; theyomgeworpen.overturned - 323
The men then formed a hasty raft of such loose boards and spars as were in the canoes, and thus attempted to drift ashore.
Daaropupon itmaaktento make (weak)dethemannenmenininallerijlhasteeenavlotraftvanof, fromallealllosselooseplankenboardsenandsparrensparsdiewho (relative)zichoneself, himself, themselvesinindethekano'scanoesbevonden,foundenandprobeerdento tryzoso, asnaarto, towardsdethekustcoasttetodrijven.to float
- 324
The raft was so deep in the water that the waves washed above the knees of the poor islanders.
Hetit; thevlotraftlagto lie (be situated)zoso, asdiepdeepininhetit; thewater,waterdatthat; that (conjunction)dethegolvenwavestotuntil, tobovenabove, overdetheknieënkneesvanof, fromdethearmepooreilandbewonersislandersstegen.to mount - 325
Tossed about thus, they soon became exhausted with hunger and fatigue; and at last the dreaded sharks began to collect around them.
Zoso, asrondgeslingerd,tossed aboutwarento be (irregular)zeshe; theyweldrasoonuitgeputexhaustedvanof, fromhongerhungerenandvermoeidheid;wearinessenandeindelijkat last, finallybegonnento begindethegevreesdefearedhaaiensharkszichoneself, himself, themselvesomsmile athenthemtetoverzamelen.to gather, to collect - 326
Soon these terrible creatures had the boldness to attack the men, and to drag one and another from the raft.
Weldrasoonhaddento have, to have haddezethe latter (the most recently mentioned)verschrikkelijketerriblemonstersmonsterdethemoedcouragedethemannenmenaanon, at, totetovallento fallenanddetheeenanaafterdetheanderanother (person)vanof, fromhetit; thevlotraftwegaway; roadtetoslepen.to grind
- 327
The men had no weapons of defence, and they thus became an easy prey.
Dethemannenmenhaddento have, to have hadgeenno, not awapensweaponsomsmile atzichoneself, himself, themselvestetoverdedigen,defendenandwarento be (irregular)dussoeenagemakkelijkeeasy, easilyprooi.prey - 328
The number and boldness of the monsters every moment increased.
Hetit; theaantalnumberenanddethevermetelheidboldnessvanof, fromdethemonstersmonsternamto takemetwithelkeachogenblikmomenttoe.to - 329
The forlorn wretches on the raft were one by one torn off, until only two or three remained.
Detherampzaligewretched onesongelukkigenunfortunateopon, uponhetit; thevlotraftwerdento become, to getdetheeenanaafterdetheanderanother (person)weggesleurd,torn offtotdatuntilertherenogstill, yet; anothermaarbuttweetwoofor; whetherdriethreeoverbleven.remained - 330
The raft, lightened of its load, then rose to the surface, and thus placed the survivors beyond the reach of their terrible foes.
Hetit; thevlot,raftvanof, fromzijnhis; to begewichtweightontlast,relievereesto risetoenas, whennaarto, towardsdetheoppervlakte,areaenandbrachtto pass, to spend (time)zoso, asdetheoverblijvendensurvivorsbuitenoutsidehetit; thebereikreachvanof, fromhunthem; theirverschrikkelijketerriblevijanden.enemy - 331
The tide at length bore the men to one of the islands, where they landed, and told of the fate of their companions.
Dethestroomstreambrachtto pass, to spend (time)eindelijkat last, finallydethemannenmennaarto, towardseenavanof, fromdetheeilanden,islandswaarwhere; truezeshe; theylanddenlanded (landen)enandhetit; thewedervarenfatevanof, fromhunthem; theirmetgezellencompanionsvertelden.told
Lesson 38: exercise 101
- 332
Once the sailors on board a ship were allowed by their captain to try to catch a shark that had been following them for several days.
Opon, uponeenakeertime (an occasion)kregento get; honger krijgen: to become hungrydethematrozensailor, sailorsaanon, at, toboordboard (of a ship)vanof, fromeenaschipship, shipsverlofleavevanof, fromhunthem; theirkapiteincaptainomsmile atjachthuntingtetomakento make (weak)opon, uponeenahaaisharksdiewho (relative)henthemalalreadyenigeonly (het enige: the only thing)dagendaysvolgde.followed - 333
A strong iron hook was fastened to a chain, and a piece of meat was fixed on it.
Eenasterkestrongijzerenironhaakhookwerdto become, to getaanon, at, toeenakettingchainvastgemaaktfastenedenanddaaraanwith that, in thateenastukpiecevleesmeatbevestigd.to fasten - 334
Then a long rope was attached to the chain.
Vervolgensnextwerdto become, to geteenalangelonglijnlineaanon, at, todethekettingchaingebonden.to bind - 335
When all was ready the bait was lowered into the sea in sight of the shark, which was seen gliding along near the surface of the water.
Nadatafteralleseverythinggereedreadywas,to be (irregular)werdto become, to gethetit; thelokaasbaitininzeeseaneergelatenlet downininhetit; thezichtsightvanof, fromdethehaai,sharksdiewho (relative)menone, peoplezichoneself, himself, themselveszachtgentleopzijasidezagto seevoortbewegenmoving forwarddichtclosebijwithdetheoppervlakteareavanof, fromhetit; thewater.water - 336
In a moment there was a quick movement on the part of the fish.
Plotselingsuddenlymaakteto make (weak)dethevisfisheenasnellerapidbeweging.movement - 337
Down, down it sank in the clear water, and swam right below the ship.
Hijhedookto divesteedsalwaysdieperdeeperininhetit; thehelderebrightlywater,waterenandzwomto swimvlakjust (in front of it)onderunder; amonghetit; theschip.ship, ships
- 338
Turning on its back, it opened wide its jaws and swallowed both bait and hook.
Terwijlwhilehijhezichoneself, himself, themselvesopon, uponzijnhis; to berugbackwentelde,turnedopendeopenedhijhezijnhis; to bekakenjawswijdwideenandverzwolgswallowedzowelBothhetit; thelokaasbaitalsifdethehaak.hook - 339
A strong pull at the rope by the sailors fastened the hook deep in the shark's body.
Eenakrachtigevigorousrukpullvanof, fromdethematrozensailor, sailorsaanon, at, todethelijnlinedeedto dodethehaakhookdiepdeepininhetit; thelichaambodyvanof, fromdethehaaisharksdringen.to urge - 340
At once the creature struggled desperately to get free.
Meteenat onceworsteldestruggledhetit; themonstermonsterwanhopigdesperateomsmile atlosloosetetokomen.to come
- 341
But the rope was strong, and the men held fast and pulled with a will.
Maarbutdethelijnlinewasto be (irregular)sterkstrongenanddethemannenmenhieldenheldhemhimstevigstrong, solidvastsolid, firmenandtrokkento drawuitout of, fromalleallmacht.power - 342
The shark was caught at last, and killed.
Dethehaaisharkswerdto become, to geteindelijkat last, finallygevangento catchenandgedood.kills - 343
Then once more the ship spread her sails to the breeze, and bounded on her way across the sea.
Daaropupon itspreiddespreadhetit; theschipship, shipsweeragainzijnhis; to bezeilensailedvoorforhetit; thezachtesoftbriesjebreezeuitout of, fromenandvervolgdecontinuedzijnhis; to bewegaway; roadoveracross, overdetheoceaan.Ocean - 344
This method of catching the shark is often practised on board ships sailing in the Tropics.
Dezethe latter (the most recently mentioned)maniermanneromsmile athaaiensharkstetovangento catchwordtto become, to getvaakoftentoegepastto applyaanon, at, toboordboard (of a ship)vanof, fromschepenship, shipsdiewho (relative)dethetropischetropicalzeeënseasbevaren.sail
Lesson 38: exercise 102
- 345
Utrecht, 2nd May, 1912.
Utrecht,Utrecht22ndmeiMay1912.1912 - 346
Messrs. Hermans & Co., Leiden.
Detheherengentleman, lordHermansHermans&Co.,CompanyLeiden.Leiden - 347
Gentlemen,
Geachteesteemedheren,gentleman, lord - 348
The 10 Bales “Java-Speck-Coffee” invoiced in your favour of 21st ult., arrived here yesterday, and were examined by myself at once.
Dethemetwithuwyour (polite)brieflettervanof, fromdethe21e21stvorigepreviousmaandmonthaanon, at, tomijmeberekendereckoned1010balenbalesJava-Speck-koffieJava-Speck-Coffeezijnto be (irregular)gisterenyesterdayhierhereaangekomen,arrivedenandmeteenat oncedoorthroughmijmeonderzochtinvestigatedenandbeproefd.tried
- 349
To my regret I must inform you that the said coffee does not by any means come up to the said sample, and that I cannot understand how you were able to recommend that merchandise as something remarkably good.
Totuntil, tomijnmyleedwezenregretmoetto have to, mustikIuyou (polite)berichtenreportsdatthat; that (conjunction)dezethe latter (the most recently mentioned)koffiecoffeevolstrektabsolutelynietnotovereenkomtcorrespondsmetwithhetit; themijmetoegezondensentmonster,monsterenandikIkanto be able (can)nietnotbegrijpento understandhoehowuyou (polite)mijmedezethe latter (the most recently mentioned)waarwhere; truealsifietssomethingbijwithuitstekexceptionallygoedsgoodhebtto have, to have hadkunnento be able (can)aanbevelen.commend - 350
The coffee lies before me, which is rather calculated to drive away than to attract customers, and I have judged it superfluous to examine the coffee respecting its taste; for even in case that its taste is excellent, it is scarcely merchantable on account of its poor appearance, in particular in a recently established house.
Zoalsasdethekoffiecoffeedaaras, since, becauseligt,to lie (be situated)isto be (irregular)zeshe; theyveelmuchmeermoregeschiktsuitedomsmile atklandiziecustomtetodoento doverlopenwent bydanthenomsmile atklantencustomerstetotrekken;to travel, to pull (strong)enandikIhebto have, to have hadhetit; theoverbodigsuperfluousgeachtconsidereddethekoffiecoffeeopon, uponsmaaktastetetoproberen,to trywantfor, becausealalreadywasto be (irregular)diewho (relative)nogstill, yet; anotherzoso, asgoed,good, welltochindeed, after all (here: 'I did warn you, after all')isto be (irregular)zeshe; theydoorthroughhaarheronooglijkheidpoor appearancezoso, asgoedgood, wellalsifvolstrektabsolutelyonverkoopbaar,unsellableenanddatthat; that (conjunction)vooralabove allinineenapasonly justopgerichteerectedzaak.matter - 351
Although I am very sorry to be obliged to write to you such things in managing the first business in which we have engaged, I cannot help requesting you to dispose of the coffee in another way; I should not be able to accept it even at a lower price.
Ofschoonthoughhetit; themijmeleedsuffereddoetto dobijwithdezethe latter (the most recently mentioned)eerstethe former (the first-mentioned)zaakmatteropon, uponzodanigesuchwijzemanner, waymetwithuyou (polite)tetomoetento have to, mustcorresponderen,correspondkanto be able (can)ikItochnot... after allnietnot... after allnalatenleave undoneuyou (polite)tetoverzoekento begoveracross, overdiewho (relative)koffiecoffeetetobeschikken;disposalikIzoushould, woulddiewho (relative)zelfseventegenagainst; toeenalagerelowprijspricenietnotkunnento be able (can)gebruiken.to use
- 352
In order that you may convince yourselves of my having grounds to complain, I send you one half of the sample you sent me and, besides, a sample taken from the bale No. 201; even without being a connoisseur, any one must observe immediately that the two coffees differ very much.
Omsmile atuyou (polite)ininstaatstands; statetetostellenputzelfselftetoovertuigenconvincedatthat; that (conjunction)mijnmyklachtcomplaintgegrondwell-foundedis,to be (irregular)zendto sendikIuyou (polite)dethehelfthalfvanof, fromhetit; themijmegeleverdefurnishedmonster,monsterenandeenamonstermonsteruitout of, fromdethebaalbaleNo.No.201.201Menone, peoplehoeftis neededvolstrektabsolutelygeenno, not akennerconnoisseurtetozijnto be (irregular)omsmile atmetwitheenaoogopslagglancetetoziento seedatthat; that (conjunction)beidebothsoortenkindszeerveryverschillenddifferentzijn.to be (irregular) - 353
The affair is disagreeable to me, inasmuch as I am just in want of the sort in question, and I request you immediately to send me:
Dethezaakmatteristo be (irregular)mijmeininzoverreso faronaangenaam,disagreeabledatthat; that (conjunction)mijmeopon, uponditthisogenblikmomentjuistexactlydiewho (relative)soortkindontbreekt;is wantingenandikIverzoekto beg, to requestuyou (polite)terstondat oncetetozenden:to send - 354
1 Bale Java Coffee fine blue No. 26 at 63, by the fast train. If it suits my turn, I shall order greater quantities.
11baalbalefijnfineblauweblueJava-koffieJava coffeeNo.No.2626aA63,63perpersneltrein.fast trainAlsifhetit; themijmevanof, frompasonly justkomt,to comezalshall, willikImeermoredaarvanof itbestellen.Call for - 355
Expecting your early answer, I am, Gentlemen, Yours faithfully P. J. Meulenaar.
Uwyour (polite)spoedigsoonantwoordanswertegemoettowardziende,to seetekensignikImetwithalleallachting,respect, regardP.P.J.J.Meulenaar.Meulenaar
Lesson 38: exercise 103
- 356
Mr. P. J. Meulenaar, Utrecht.
Detheheergentleman, lordP.P.J.J.Meulenaar,MeulenaarUtrecht.Utrecht - 357
Leiden, 4th May, 1912.
Leiden,lead44thmeiMay1912.1912 - 358
Sir,
Mijnheer,sir!; Mr. (as a title before a name) - 359
We are very sorry that you are not satisfied with our “Java-Speck-Coffee”, and must admit that the sample which you sent us together with your favour of the 2nd inst., is of quite another quality than the original sample.
Hetit; thedoetto doonsusleedsuffereddatthat; that (conjunction)uyou (polite)metwithdetheaanon, at, touyou (polite)gezondento sendJava-Speck-koffieJava-Speck-Coffeenietnottevredencontentedbent,to be (irregular)enandwijwemoetento have to, musterkennenadmitdatthat; that (conjunction)hetit; thebijwithuwyour (polite)geëerdeesteemedvanof, fromdethe2e2nddezerthis monthaanon, at, toonsustoegezondensentmonstermonstereenageheelwholeandereotherkwaliteitqualityisto be (irregular)danthenhetit; themonstermonsterwaaropon whichuyou (polite)gekochtto buyhebt.to have, to have had - 360
Considering that, to our knowledge, we have no coffee agreeing with the sample which you have sent us, we cannot account for the fact than by supposing that one or several bales of inferior quality have found their way into the lot bought by us; and it appears that unfortunately it is just to your store that such bales have fallen; we are very sorry for it.
Daaras, since, becausewijweechter,howevervoorforzoverso farwijweweten,to knowgeenno, not akoffiecoffeealsifhetit; theonsustoegezondensentmonstermonsterininpakhuiswarehousehebben,to have, to have hadkunnento be able (can)wijweonsusdethezaakmatternietnotandersotherwiseverklarento explaindanthendatthat; that (conjunction)zichoneself, himself, themselvesonderunder; amongdethedoorthroughonsusgekochteboughtpartijpartyreedsalreadyeenaofor; whethermeermorebalenbalesvanof, fromminderelesserkwaliteitqualitybevondenfoundhebben,to have, to have hadenandnaarto, towardshetit; theschijntto seemzijnto be (irregular)diewho (relative)juistexactlyininuwyour (polite)handena hand, handsgekomen,to comewatwhatonsuszeerveryleedsuffereddoet.to do
- 361
As we could not understand from your letter whether it is the bale 201 alone or all 10 bales that you have opened we request you to open them all, in case that you have not yet done so, and to let us know what you have found.
Uitout of, fromuwyour (polite)briefletterwasto be (irregular)hetit; theonsusnietnotduidelijkclear(ly)ofor; whetheruyou (polite)enkelsingledethebaalbale201,201danthenwelbutalleall1010balenbalesopengemaaktopenedhebt;to have, to have hadmochtmight, was alloweddatthat; that (conjunction)laatstelastnietnothetit; thegevalcasezijn,to be (irregular)danthenverzoekento begwijweuyou (polite)vriendelijkfriendly, kinddatthat; that (conjunction)alsnogafter alltetodoento doenandonsusdetheuitslagoutcomedaarvanof itmeealong, withtetodelen.to communicate, to pass on - 362
It is not likely at all that the 9 other bales should differ from the original sample. If such is not the case, we shall dispose of the whole parcel, and at once send you the quality you have desired.
Hetit; theisto be (irregular)zeerverywaarschijnlijkprobablydatthat; that (conjunction)detheoverigerest99balenbalesaanon, at, tohetit; theoorspronkelijkeoriginalmonstermonsterzullenshall, willbeantwoorden.answerMochtmight, was alloweddatnot so (I beg your pardon)nietnot so (I beg your pardon)hetit; thegevalcasezijn,to be (irregular)danthenzullenshall, willwijweoveracross, overdethegehelewholepartijpartybeschikken,disposalenanduyou (polite)onverwijldimmediatelydethegoedethe good, what is goodkwaliteitqualitytoezenden.sent - 363
But in order to supply you for immediate wants, we send you a bale “Java-Speck-Coffee” No. 27, to-day by the mail-train, free of charges.
Omsmile atintussenmeanwhileuwyour (polite)behoefteneedvoorforhetit; theogenblikmomentmetwithzekerheidcertaintytetodekken,coverzendento sendwijweuyou (polite)hedentodayeenabaalbaleJava-Speck-koffieJava-Speck-CoffeeNo.No.2727perpersneltreinfast trainfranco.free of charge - 364
Looking forward to your information, we subscribe ourselves, Sir, Yours respectfully Hermans & Co.
Uwyour (polite)berichtenreportstegemoettowardziende,to seetekenensignedwijwemetwithdethemeestemostachting,respect, regardHermansHermans&Co.Company
Lesson 38: exercise 104
- 365
Messrs. Hermans & Co., Leiden.
Detheherengentleman, lordHermansHermans&Co.,CompanyLeiden.Leiden - 366
Utrecht, 7th May, 1912.
Utrecht,Utrecht77thmeiMay1912.1912 - 367
Gentlemen,
Geachteesteemedheren,gentleman, lord - 368
I am happy to inform you that the presumption you expressed to me in your favour of the 4th of May has turned out to be well founded, inasmuch as we have found no more than 2 bales of inferior quality, N°s 201 and 206; the 8 other bales come up to the sample, and I keep them, asking you at the same time to dispose of the 2 bales of inferior quality.
Hetit; thedoetto domijmegenoegenpleasureuyou (polite)tetokunnento be able (can)meedelento communicate, to pass ondatthat; that (conjunction)hetit; theininuwyour (polite)brieflettervanof, fromdethe4e4thdezerthis monthgeüiteexpressedvermoedenguess atbevestigdto fastenis:to be (irregular)ertherezijnto be (irregular)slechtsonly22balenbalesvanof, fromminderelesserkwaliteit,qualityNo.No.201201enand206;206detheoverigerest88balenbalesbeantwoordenansweraanon, at, tohetit; themonster,monsterenanddiewho (relative)behoudpreserveik,IterwijlwhileikIuyou (polite)verzoekrequestoveracross, overdethe22andereotherbalentetowillento want, to wishbeschikken.disposal - 369
Awaiting the rectification of your invoice, I am, Gentlemen, with great esteem, Yours truly P. J. Meulenaar.
Detheverbeterdecorrectfactuurinvoiceinwachtende,awaitingtekensignikImetwithalleallachting,respect, regardP.P.J.J.Meulenaar.Meulenaar
Lesson 39: Construction: Woordschikking (and 3 more)
Word order in Dutch
Dutch word order differs much from English. The rules in this lesson give only the main patterns.
Careful reading of good authors teaches the rest. Lessons 5, 23 and 25 also treat word order.
Subject, verb, object
The plainest Dutch sentence has three parts in a set order. The subject comes first, the verb second, the direct object third.
Mijn broer ontving een brief. Mijn broer is the subject. Ontving is the verb. Een brief is the direct object.
The second verb at the end
Some tenses use an auxiliary and a second verb. The second verb is an infinitive or a participle. It stands at the end of the sentence.
Ik zal een brief ontvangen. Ik heb een brief ontvangen. In both, the auxiliary stands second and ontvangen stands last.
The receiver before the thing
Some verbs take two objects. One is the thing given or told. The other is the person who gets it.
The person comes first. The thing comes second.
Hij heeft mijn broer een lange brief geschreven. Mijn broer is the person. Een lange brief is the thing.
Wij hebben hem het nieuws medegedeeld follows the same order.
- 370
my brother received a letter.
Mijnmybroerbrotherontvingreceivedeenabrief.letter - 371
I shall receive a letter.
IkIzalshall, willeenabriefletterontvangen.received - 372
I have received a letter.
IkIhebto have, to have hadeenabriefletterontvangen.received - 373
he has written my brother a long letter.
Hijheheeftto have, to have hadmijnmybroerbrothereenalangelongbrieflettergeschreven.to write - 374
we have informed him of the news.
Wijwehebbento have, to have hadhemhimhetit; thenieuwsnewmedegedeeld.informed
Construction: Woordschikking
Dutch construction differs very much from English, as the student may have observed already in some of the foregoing examples. Attentive reading of the best authors will be a good help in learning this part of the Dutch grammar, as the principal rules only can be stated here. See also Lesson 5, 23, 25.In the simple sentence the order is subject, verb, direct object
In the regular order, the subject stands in the first place, the verb (in simple tenses) in the second, and the direct object in the third. Mijn broer ontving een brief. my brother received a letter.With compound tenses the infinitive or participle stands at the end
With compound tenses the complement of the auxiliary, be it an Infinitive or a Participle, stands at the end of the sentence. Ik zal een brief ontvangen. I shall receive a letter. Ik heb een brief ontvangen. I have received a letter.With two objects the dative precedes the accusative
When there are two objects in a sentence, the dative object precedes the accusative object. Hij heeft mijn broer een lange brief geschreven. he has written my brother a long letter. Wij hebben hem het nieuws medegedeeld. we have informed him of the news.Two pronoun objects: the smaller first; two monosyllables: accusative before dative
When both objects are pronouns, the smaller comes first; when both are monosyllabic, the Accusative precedes the Dative. Ik heb hem alles medegedeeld. I have told him everything. Zeg het hem. Tell it to him. Hebt u het hem geschreven? Have you written it to him?The indirect object follows the direct object
The indirect object follows the direct object. Ik heb de boeken aan mijn vriend gezonden. I have sent the books to my friend. Hij raadpleegde zijn broer bij alle gelegenheden. he consulted his brother on all occasions.Adverbs of manner follow the direct object
Adverbs of manner follow the direct object. Hij ontving mij zeer vriendelijk. he received me very kindly. Hij heeft mij zeer vriendelijk ontvangen. he has received me very kindly. Hebt u het hem beleefd gevraagd? have you asked him politely?Adverbs and adverbial expressions of time take the third place
Adverbs and adverbial expressions of time take the third place, immediately after the predicate or auxiliary. Except when the object is a personal pronoun without a preposition. Note. A simple adverb of time always precedes an adv. expression of time. Wij zijn onlangs naar Amsterdam gegaan. We have recently gone to Amsterdam. Wij zullen in een uur terug zijn. We shall be back in an hour. Hebt u hem gisteren gezien? Nee, ik zal hem morgen gaan bezoeken. Have you seen him yesterday? No, I shall go and visit him tomorrow. Komt u morgen om 4 uur? Are you coming tomorrow at 4 o'clock? Nee, ik ga nooit 's middags uit, maar wel 's avonds. No, I never go out in the afternoon, but I do in the evening.Adverbs of place stand at the end of the sentence
Adverbs and adv. expressions of place are put at the end of a sentence, with compound tenses they precede the Participle. Waar was u toch? Men zocht u overal. Where were you? You were looked for everywhere. Men heeft u overal gezocht. You have been looked for everywhere.The negation niet follows the direct object but precedes the adverbial adjuncts
The negation niet follows the direct object, but precedes the adverbial adjuncts. Mijn broer wint het proces niet. My brother is not winning the lawsuit. Mijn broer zal het proces niet winnen. My brother will not win the lawsuit. Mijn broer heeft het proces niet gewonnen. My brother has not won the lawsuit. Ga niet uit in zulk weer. Do not go out in such weather. Zij gaan niet naar A. They are not going to A.In questions niet sometimes precedes the direct object
In questions niet sometimes precedes the direct object. But it need not. Hebt u niet het recht zo te spreken? Have you not the right to speak so? Heeft uw broer het proces niet gewonnen? Has your brother not won the lawsuit?A detached separable prefix is placed at the end of the clause
When prefixes of separable compound verbs are detached from the verb, they are placed at the end of the clause. Hij nam zijn hoed af en deed zijn handschoenen uit. He took off his hat and took off his gloves. Schrijf deze brief nog eens over! Copy this letter over again!Inversion of subject and verb
As in English the regular arrangement of words is often inverted by removing one of the parts of speech from its usual place. The inversion of the subject and verb appears almost as in English. Geloof je het? Do you believe it? Was hij maar hier! Would he were here! Intussen was de lente aangebroken. Meanwhile spring had broken.Inverting the object throws stress on it; the subject then follows the verb
The object is inverted to lay more stress upon it; the subject is then placed after the verb or after the auxiliary. Ik heb deze brief niet geschreven. I have not written this letter. Deze brief heb ik niet geschreven. This letter I have not written. Hij heeft de brief, maar niet de boeken, ontvangen. He has received the letter, but not the books. De brief heeft hij ontvangen, maar de boeken niet. The letter he has received, but not the books.Inverted adverbs put the verb before the subject
When adverbs or adv. expressions are inverted, the verb (or auxiliary) precedes the subject. Note. As in English a sentence may be expressed in various ways, according to the stress laid upon the words. Langzaam ging hij naar huis terug. Slowly he went back home. Onder een hevige hagelbui kwamen wij in de stad. Under a heavy hailstorm we arrived in the town. Wij hebben nog nooit zulke wonderlijke dingen hier gezien. We have never yet seen such wonderful things here. Zulke wonderlijke dingen hebben wij hier nog nooit gezien. Such wonderful things we have never yet seen here. Hier hebben wij zulke wonderlijke dingen nog nooit gezien. Here we have never yet seen such wonderful things. Nog nooit hebben wij zulke wonderlijke dingen hier gezien. Never yet have we seen such wonderful things here.Co-ordinate compound sentences
Co-ordinating sentences (nevenschikkende zinnen) may be placed beside each other without any connection or connected with other words: demonstrative pronouns and conjunctions. The place of the different parts of speech will be seen from the following examples. Ga maar langzaam door, ik volg zo dadelijk. Go on slowly, I'll follow directly. De stoomfluit weerklonk, de trein zette zich in beweging. The steam whistle sounded, the train set itself in motion. Voltaire en Napoleon waren twee beroemde mannen. Voltaire and Napoleon were two famous men. Deze streed met het zwaard, gene met de pen. The latter fought with the sword, the former with the pen. Rijkdom en geluk gaan niet altijd samen. Riches and happiness do not always go together. Dit zien wij vaak in het dagelijkse leven. We see this often in daily life. De zon verdween aan de horizon en de duisternis viel plotseling in. The sun disappeared on the horizon and darkness fell suddenly. Hij kon niet komen, want er was geen boot meer om die tijd. He could not come, for there was no boat left at that time. Ik verwacht nog bezoek, daarom moet ik thuis blijven. I still expect a visit; therefore I must stay at home. Deze leerling is niet lui, maar integendeel zeer vlijtig. This pupil is not lazy, but on the contrary very diligent. Het is waar of het is niet waar. It is true or it is not true. Ik was wel op haar komst voorbereid. I was indeed prepared for her coming. Desondanks voelde ik mij bij haar verschijnen enigszins verlegen. Nevertheless I felt somewhat embarrassed when she appeared.Compound sentences with subordinate clauses
Compound sentences with subordinate clauses (ondergeschikte zinnen) consist of a principal sentence (hoofdzin) and a subordinate clause (bijzin). They are connected by relative pronouns, relative or interrogative conjunctions or adverbs and subordinate conjunctions.The subordinate clause: verb at the end, objects before the verb, no separated prefix
The subordinate clauses are characterised by the following particulars: the verb stands at the end. In compound tenses the auxiliary generally follows the participle. The verbs willen, mogen, moeten etc. are placed before the infinitive. In separable compound verbs the prefix is not separated. The objects are placed between the subject and the verb. Dit is de man, waarmee uw vader sprak. This is the man with whom your father spoke. Er was al veel gebeurd, toen de revolutie uitbrak. Much had already happened when the revolution broke out. Dat is de man, van wie ik gesproken heb. That is the man of whom I have spoken. Dat is de reden dat hij gezwegen heeft. That is the reason (why) he has kept silent. Hier is de eigenaar van het hotel, waarin ik mijn intrek heb genomen. Here is the owner of the hotel in which I have taken up my lodging. Wij gaan naar het koffiehuis, waar ik gisteren geweest ben. We are going to the coffee-house where I was yesterday. Geloof je dat hij zou kunnen liegen? Do you believe that he could lie? Hij vroeg mij, of ik met hem mee wilde gaan. He asked me whether I wanted to go with him. Hij vroeg mij, of ik met hem meeging. He asked me whether I was going with him. Weet u, of hij lang zal uitblijven? Do you know whether he will stay away long? Hij wist niet, of u deze boeken nog aan uw broer moest verzenden. He did not know whether you still had to send these books to your brother. Zij hebben op ons verzoek vergeten te antwoorden. They forgot to answer our request. Dat hebben wij hun altijd kwalijk genomen. which we have always held against them.The subordinate clause may come first, and then the principal subject follows the verb
The subordinate sentence may be the first member as well as the second; if it comes first, the subject of the second (the principal sentence) is placed after the verb. Hij kon niet komen, daar hij geen tijd had. He could not come, as he had no time. Daar hij geen tijd had, kon hij niet komen. As he had no time, he could not come. Hij wist niet, of zijn broer heden nog zou vertrekken. He did not know whether his brother would still leave today. Of zijn broer heden nog zou vertrekken, wist hij niet. Whether his brother would still leave today, he did not know.The subordinate clause may also be inserted inside the principal sentence
The subordinate sentence may also be inserted between the words of the principal sentence, without affecting the order of the latter. Hij vond, toen hij thuis kwam, al zijn papieren in wanorde. He found, when he came home, all his papers in disorder. Ik wist, voordat ik lang nagedacht had, de oplossing van het raadsel. I knew, before I had thought long, the solution of the riddle.Als or indien may be left out; the verb then keeps second place
The conjunction als or indien is often omitted; in this case the verb is not removed to the end. Had ik alles geweten, ik zou niet gekomen zijn. Had I known everything, I should not have come. Waren alle mensen wijs, het leven zou veel aangenamer zijn. Were all men wise, life would be much more pleasant.Objective clauses are generally preceded by dat
Objective clauses are generally preceded by dat, whereas in English this conjunction is frequently omitted. Ik vrees dat u te laat zult komen. I fear that you will come too late. Ik geloof dat hij naar de West gegaan is. I believe that he has gone to the West Indies. (Beets.) Ik hoop dat u het ondervinden zult. I hope that you will experience it. (Beets.) Jonathan kon het niet geloven dat zijn vader een meinedige zou zijn. Jonathan could not believe that his father would be a perjurer. (Van der Palm.)Sometimes dat is omitted
Sometimes dat is omitted, i. e.: Ik zeg u: het zal dooien. I say to you: it will thaw. (Beets.) Het is de aangenaamste tijd van het leven, zegt men. It is the pleasantest time of life, they say. (Beets.) Geloof mij, hij zal het zwaard trekken. Believe me, he will draw the sword. (van Lennep.) Hij is, hoop ik, welvarend. He is, I hope, doing well. Dit is, meen ik, niet onbelangrijk. This is, I think, not unimportant.Dat is always omitted when another person's words are quoted verbatim
Dat is always omitted, when the words of another person are quoted just as they were used. Mijn vader zegt altijd: “men moet maar gelukkig zijn.” My father always says: “one must simply be happy.” Vader Cats zei: “vroeg rijp, vroeg rot, vroeg wijs, vroeg zot.” Father Cats said: “soon ripe, soon rotten, soon wise, soon foolish.”Lesson 39: Two pronoun objects: the smaller first; two monosyllables: accusative before dative (and 1 more)
Two pronouns together
When both objects are pronouns, the shorter one comes first.
Ik heb hem alles medegedeeld. Hem is shorter than alles, so hem comes first.
A monosyllable is a word with one syllable, such as het or hem. When both pronouns are monosyllables, the thing comes before the person.
Zeg het hem. Hebt u het hem geschreven? In both, het is the thing and hem is the person.
The object with a preposition
The indirect object stands after the direct object. Here it comes with a preposition, as in aan mijn vriend.
Ik heb de boeken aan mijn vriend gezonden. De boeken is the direct object. Aan mijn vriend follows it.
Hij raadpleegde zijn broer bij alle gelegenheden. The phrase bij alle gelegenheden also comes after the object.
- 375
I have told him everything.
IkIhebto have, to have hadhemhimalleseverythingmedegedeeld.told - 376
Tell it to him.
Zegsayhetit; thehem.him - 377
Have you written it to him?
Hebthaveuyou (polite)hetit; thehemhimgeschreven?to write - 378
I have sent the books to my friend.
IkIhebto have, to have haddetheboekenbooksaanon, at, tomijnmyvriendfriendgezonden.to send - 379
he consulted his brother on all occasions.
Hijheraadpleegdeto consultzijnhis; to bebroerbrotherbijwithalleallgelegenheden.occasions
Lesson 39: Adverbs of manner follow the direct object
How an action is done
An adverb of manner says how something is done. Zeer vriendelijk and beleefd are examples.
It stands after the direct object.
Hij ontving mij zeer vriendelijk. Mij is the object, and zeer vriendelijk follows it.
With two verbs, the adverb stays before the last verb. Hij heeft mij zeer vriendelijk ontvangen. Hebt u het hem beleefd gevraagd?
- 380
he received me very kindly.
Hijheontvingreceivedmijmezeerveryvriendelijk.friendly, kind - 381
he has received me very kindly.
Hijheheeftto have, to have hadmijmezeerveryvriendelijkfriendly, kindontvangen.received - 382
have you asked him politely?
Hebthaveuyou (polite)hetit; thehemhimbeleefdpolitegevraagd?to ask
Lesson 39: Adverbs and adverbial expressions of time take the third place (and 1 more)
When an action happens
An adverb of time says when. Gisteren, morgen and onlangs are examples. Right after the verb or the auxiliary is the usual place.
Wij zijn onlangs naar Amsterdam gegaan. Wij zullen in een uur terug zijn.
One exception exists. A pronoun object with no preposition comes before the time word. Hebt u hem gisteren gezien?
Two time words together
A short time word comes before a longer time phrase.
Komt u morgen om 4 uur? Morgen is a single word. Om 4 uur is a phrase, and it comes second.
Nee, ik ga nooit 's middags uit, maar wel 's avonds. Here the time words stand after the verb.
Where an action happens
An adverb of place says where. Overal is an example. It stands at the end of the sentence.
Men zocht u overal.
With two verbs, the adverb of place stands before the participle. Men heeft u overal gezocht. Overal comes before gezocht.
- 383
We have recently gone to Amsterdam.
Wijwezijnto be (irregular)onlangslatelynaarto, towardsAmsterdamAmsterdamgegaan.to go - 384
We shall be back in an hour.
Wijwezullenshall, willinineenauurhourterugbackzijn.to be (irregular) - 385
Have you seen him yesterday? No, I shall go and visit him tomorrow.
Hebthaveuyou (polite)hemhimgisterenyesterdaygezien?to seeNee,noikIzalshall, willhemhimmorgenmorninggaanto gobezoeken.to visit - 386
Are you coming tomorrow at 4 o'clock?
Komtcomesuyou (polite)morgenmorningomsmile at44uur?hour - 387
No, I never go out in the afternoon, but I do in the evening.
Nee,noikIgato gonooitnever's(abbreviation)middagsmiddayuit,out of, frommaarbutwelbut's(abbreviation)avonds.evening
- 388
Where were you? You were looked for everywhere.
Waarwhere; truewasto be (irregular)uyou (polite)toch?indeed, after all (here: 'I did warn you, after all')Menone, peoplezochtto try, to seekuyou (polite)overal.everywhere - 389
You have been looked for everywhere.
Menone, peopleheeftto have, to have haduyou (polite)overaleverywheregezocht.to try, to seek
Lesson 39: The negation niet follows the direct object but precedes the adverbial adjuncts (and 1 more)
Placing niet
Niet makes a sentence negative. It stands after the direct object and before words that tell where, when or how.
Mijn broer wint het proces niet. Het proces is the direct object, and niet follows it.
With two verbs, niet stays before the last verb. Mijn broer heeft het proces niet gewonnen.
Zij gaan niet naar A. Here niet comes before the place.
Niet in questions
In a question, niet sometimes stands before the direct object. It does not have to.
Hebt u niet het recht zo te spreken? Het recht is the direct object, and niet comes before it.
Heeft uw broer het proces niet gewonnen? Here niet follows the object as in a statement. Both orders are right.
- 390
My brother is not winning the lawsuit.
Mijnmybroerbrotherwintto winhetit; theprocescaseniet.not - 391
My brother will not win the lawsuit.
Mijnmybroerbrotherzalshall, willhetit; theprocescasenietnotwinnen.to win - 392
My brother has not won the lawsuit.
Mijnmybroerbrotherheeftto have, to have hadhetit; theprocescasenietnotgewonnen.to win - 393
Do not go out in such weather.
Gagonietnotuitout of, fromininzulksuchweer.again - 394
They are not going to A.
Zijshe; theygaanto gonietnotnaarto, towardsA.A
Lesson 39: A detached separable prefix is placed at the end of the clause (and 1 more)
A prefix at the end
A separable verb can lose its prefix in a sentence. The prefix then goes to the end of its clause.
Hij nam zijn hoed af en deed zijn handschoenen uit. Af and uit stand last in each half.
Schrijf deze brief nog eens over! The prefix over stands last.
Turning subject and verb
Inversion means the verb stands before the subject. Dutch uses it almost as English does.
Geloof je het? Was hij maar hier! The verb comes first, and the subject follows.
Inversion also happens when another word opens the sentence. Intussen was de lente aangebroken. Intussen is first, so the verb was comes before the subject.
- 397
He took off his hat and took off his gloves.
Hijhenamto takezijnhis; to behoedhatafoffenanddeedto dozijnhis; to behandschoenengloveuit.out of, from - 398
Copy this letter over again!
Schrijfwritedezethe latter (the most recently mentioned)briefletternogstill, yet; anothereensonce, one dayover!across, over - 399
Do you believe it?
Geloofbelievejeyou; yourhet?it; the - 400
Would he were here!
Wasto be (irregular)hijhemaarbuthier!here - 401
Meanwhile spring had broken.
Intussenmeanwhilewasto be (irregular)dethelentespringaangebroken.broken
Lesson 39: Inverting the object throws stress on it; the subject then follows the verb
Stress on the object
A speaker can move the object to the front to give it more stress. The subject then comes after the verb or the auxiliary.
Ik heb deze brief niet geschreven. Deze brief heb ik niet geschreven. The object deze brief now opens the sentence, and ik follows heb.
De brief heeft hij ontvangen, maar de boeken niet.
- 402
I have not written this letter.
IkIhebto have, to have haddezethe latter (the most recently mentioned)briefletternietnotgeschreven.to write - 403
This letter I have not written.
Dezethe latter (the most recently mentioned)briefletterhebto have, to have hadikInietnotgeschreven.to write - 404
He has received the letter, but not the books.
Hijheheeftto have, to have haddethebrief,lettermaarbutnietnotdetheboeken,booksontvangen.received - 405
The letter he has received, but not the books.
Dethebriefletterheeftto have, to have hadhijheontvangen,receivedmaarbutdetheboekenbooksniet.not
Lesson 39: Inverted adverbs put the verb before the subject
Adverbs at the front
An adverb or an adverb phrase can also open the sentence. The verb then comes second, and the subject follows it.
Langzaam ging hij naar huis terug. Langzaam opens the sentence, then comes ging, then hij.
Onder een hevige hagelbui kwamen wij in de stad. The same rule holds for a whole phrase.
One sentence can be built in many ways. Each way puts the weight on a different word, as with hier and nog nooit in the examples.
- 406
Slowly he went back home.
Langzaamslowlygingto gohijhenaarto, towardshuishouseterug.back - 407
Under a heavy hailstorm we arrived in the town.
Onderunder; amongeenahevigeviolenthagelbuihailstormkwamento comewijweinindethestad.city, town - 408
We have never yet seen such wonderful things here.
Wijwehebbento have, to have hadnogstill, yet; anothernooitneverzulkesuchwonderlijkestrangedingenthingshierheregezien.to see - 409
Such wonderful things we have never yet seen here.
Zulkesuchwonderlijkestrangedingenthingshebbento have, to have hadwijwehierherenogstill, yet; anothernooitnevergezien.to see - 410
Here we have never yet seen such wonderful things.
Hierherehebbento have, to have hadwijwezulkesuchwonderlijkestrangedingenthingsnogstill, yet; anothernooitnevergezien.to see - 411
Never yet have we seen such wonderful things here.
Nogstill, yet; anothernooitneverhebbento have, to have hadwijwezulkesuchwonderlijkestrangedingenthingshierheregezien.to see
Lesson 39: Co-ordinate compound sentences
Two clauses side by side
Co-ordinate clauses stand next to each other, each a full sentence. They can have no link, as in De stoomfluit weerklonk, de trein zette zich in beweging.
They can also have a link, a demonstrative pronoun or a conjunction such as en, want, maar, of or daarom.
Read the examples for the order. After want the order does not change. After daarom the verb comes before the subject.
- 412
Go on slowly, I'll follow directly.
Gagomaarbutlangzaamslowlydoor,throughikIvolgfollowedzoso, asdadelijk.immediately - 413
The steam whistle sounded, the train set itself in motion.
Dethestoomfluitsteam whistleweerklonk,rangdethetreintrainzetteto put, to setzichoneself, himself, themselvesininbeweging.movement - 414
Voltaire and Napoleon were two famous men.
VoltaireVoltaireenandNapoleonNapoleonwarento be (irregular)tweetwoberoemdecelebratedmannen.men - 415
The latter fought with the sword, the former with the pen.
Dezethe latter (the most recently mentioned)streedto fightmetwithhetit; thezwaard,swordgenethatmetwithdethepen.pen - 416
Riches and happiness do not always go together.
Rijkdomriches, wealthenandgelukfortunegaanto gonietnotaltijdalwayssamen.together
- 417
We see this often in daily life.
Ditthisziento seewijwevaakoftenininhetit; thedagelijksedailyleven.life - 418
The sun disappeared on the horizon and darkness fell suddenly.
Dethezonsunverdweento disappearaanon, at, todethehorizonhorizonenanddetheduisternisdarknessvielto fallplotselingsuddenlyin.in - 419
He could not come, for there was no boat left at that time.
Hijhekonto be able (can)nietnotkomen,to comewantfor, becauseertherewasto be (irregular)geenno, not abootboatmeermoreomsmile atdiewho (relative)tijd.time - 420
I still expect a visit; therefore I must stay at home.
IkIverwachtexpectnogstill, yet; anotherbezoek,visitdaaromthereforemoetto have to, mustikIthuisat homeblijven.to remain, stay - 421
This pupil is not lazy, but on the contrary very diligent.
Dezethe latter (the most recently mentioned)leerlingpupilisto be (irregular)nietnotlui,lazymaarbutintegendeelon the contraryzeerveryvlijtig.diligent
- 422
It is true or it is not true.
Hetit; theisto be (irregular)waarwhere; trueofor; whetherhetit; theisto be (irregular)nietnotwaar.where; true - 423
I was indeed prepared for her coming.
IkIwasto be (irregular)welbutopon, uponhaarherkomstarrivalvoorbereid.prepared - 424
Nevertheless I felt somewhat embarrassed when she appeared.
DesondanksneverthelessvoeldefeltikImijmebijwithhaarherverschijnenappearingenigszinssomewhatverlegen.at a loss
Lesson 39: The subordinate clause: verb at the end, objects before the verb, no separated prefix
The verb at the end of a dependent clause
In a dependent clause, the verb stands at the end. The objects stand between the subject and the verb.
Dit is de man, waarmee uw vader sprak. Sprak is last.
With two verbs, the auxiliary usually follows the participle. Dat is de man, van wie ik gesproken heb.
A verb such as willen, mogen or moeten stands before the infinitive. Hij vroeg mij, of ik met hem mee wilde gaan.
The joined prefix
In a dependent clause, a separable verb does not come apart.
Hij vroeg mij, of ik met hem meeging. The prefix mee stays on the verb gaan.
In a main clause the prefix would stand apart at the end.
- 425
This is the man with whom your father spoke.
Ditthisisto be (irregular)detheman,man; husbandwaarmeewith whichuwyour (polite)vaderthe fathersprak.to speak - 426
Much had already happened when the revolution broke out.
Ertherewasto be (irregular)alalreadyveelmuchgebeurd,happenedtoenas, whendetherevolutierevolutionuitbrak.broke out - 427
That is the man of whom I have spoken.
Datthat; that (conjunction)isto be (irregular)detheman,man; husbandvanof, fromwiewhoikIgesprokento speakheb.to have, to have had - 428
That is the reason (why) he has kept silent.
Datthat; that (conjunction)isto be (irregular)detheredenreasondatthat; that (conjunction)hijhegezwegento be silentheeft.to have, to have had - 429
Here is the owner of the hotel in which I have taken up my lodging.
Hierhereisto be (irregular)detheeigenaarownervanof, fromhetit; thehotel,hotelwaarinin whichikImijnmyintreklodginghebto have, to have hadgenomen.to take
- 430
We are going to the coffee-house where I was yesterday.
Wijwegaanto gonaarto, towardshetit; thekoffiehuis,coffee-housewaarwhere; trueikIgisterenyesterdaygeweestto be (irregular)ben.to be (irregular) - 431
Do you believe that he could lie?
Geloofbelievejeyou; yourdatthat; that (conjunction)hijhezoushould, wouldkunnento be able (can)liegen?to lie (tell an untruth) - 432
He asked me whether I wanted to go with him.
Hijhevroegto askmij,meofor; whetherikImetwithhemhimmeealong, withwildeto want, to wishgaan.to go - 433
He asked me whether I was going with him.
Hijhevroegto askmij,meofor; whetherikImetwithhemhimmeeging.came along - 434
Do you know whether he will stay away long?
Weetto knowu,you (polite)ofor; whetherhijhelanglongzalshall, willuitblijven?is lacking
- 435
He did not know whether you still had to send these books to your brother.
Hijhewistto knowniet,notofor; whetheruyou (polite)dezethe latter (the most recently mentioned)boekenbooksnogstill, yet; anotheraanon, at, touwyour (polite)broerbrothermoestto have to, mustverzenden.sent off - 436
They forgot to answer our request.
Zijshe; theyhebbento have, to have hadopon, upononsusverzoekrequestvergetento forgettetoantwoorden.to answer - 437
which we have always held against them.
Datthat; that (conjunction)hebbento have, to have hadwijwehunthem; theiraltijdalwayskwalijkamiss (neem mij niet kwalijk: excuse me)genomen.to take
Lesson 39: The subordinate clause may come first, and then the principal subject follows the verb (and 1 more)
The dependent clause first
A dependent clause can come before the main clause. Then the main clause begins with its verb.
Hij kon niet komen, daar hij geen tijd had. Here the main clause comes first.
Daar hij geen tijd had, kon hij niet komen. Now the dependent clause comes first, and kon stands before hij.
The same rule holds for Of zijn broer heden nog zou vertrekken, wist hij niet.
A clause inside a clause
A dependent clause can also stand in the middle of the main clause. The main clause keeps its order.
Hij vond, toen hij thuis kwam, al zijn papieren in wanorde. The inserted clause has commas on both sides.
Ik wist, voordat ik lang nagedacht had, de oplossing van het raadsel.
- 438
He could not come, as he had no time.
Hijhekonto be able (can)nietnotkomen,to comedaaras, since, becausehijhegeenno, not atijdtimehad.to have, to have had - 439
As he had no time, he could not come.
Daaras, since, becausehijhegeenno, not atijdtimehad,to have, to have hadkonto be able (can)hijhenietnotkomen.to come - 440
He did not know whether his brother would still leave today.
Hijhewistto knowniet,notofor; whetherzijnhis; to bebroerbrotherhedentodaynogstill, yet; anotherzoushould, wouldvertrekken.depart - 441
Whether his brother would still leave today, he did not know.
Ofor; whetherzijnhis; to bebroerbrotherhedentodaynogstill, yet; anotherzoushould, wouldvertrekken,departwistto knowhijheniet.not - 442
He found, when he came home, all his papers in disorder.
Hijhevond,to findtoenas, whenhijhethuisat homekwam,to comealalreadyzijnhis; to bepapierenpapersininwanorde.disorder - 443
I knew, before I had thought long, the solution of the riddle.
IkIwist,to knowvoordatbeforeikIlanglongnagedachtreflectedhad,to have, to have haddetheoplossingresolutionvanof, fromhetit; theraadsel.riddle
Lesson 39: Als or indien may be left out; the verb then keeps second place (and 1 more)
Leaving out als
The words als and indien start a dependent clause. They can be left out.
When they are left out, the verb does not go to the end. It stands first in the clause.
Had ik alles geweten, ik zou niet gekomen zijn. Waren alle mensen wijs, het leven zou veel aangenamer zijn.
Dat before an object clause
When a clause is the object of the verb, Dutch normally puts dat before it. English often drops this word.
Ik vrees dat u te laat zult komen. Ik hoop dat u het ondervinden zult.
Jonathan kon het niet geloven dat zijn vader een meinedige zou zijn.
- 444
Had I known everything, I should not have come.
Hadto have, to have hadikIalleseverythinggeweten,to knowikIzoushould, wouldnietnotgekomento comezijn.to be (irregular) - 445
Were all men wise, life would be much more pleasant.
Warenwerealleallmensenmen, peoplewijs,wisehetit; thelevenlifezoushould, wouldveelmuchaangenamermore pleasantzijn.to be (irregular) - 446
I fear that you will come too late.
IkIvreesfeardatthat; that (conjunction)uyou (polite)tetolaatlet; latezultshall, willkomen.to come - 447
I believe that he has gone to the West Indies. (Beets.)
IkIgeloofto believedatthat; that (conjunction)hijhenaarto, towardsdetheWestWestgegaanto gois.to be (irregular) - 448
I hope that you will experience it. (Beets.)
IkIhoophopedatthat; that (conjunction)uyou (polite)hetit; theondervindenexperiencedzult.shall, will - 449
Jonathan could not believe that his father would be a perjurer. (Van der Palm.)
JonathanJonathankonto be able (can)hetit; thenietnotgelovento believedatthat; that (conjunction)zijnhis; to bevaderthe fathereenameinedigeperjurerzoushould, wouldzijn.to be (irregular)
Lesson 39: Sometimes dat is omitted (and 1 more)
Leaving out dat
Sometimes dat is left out. The clause then keeps the order of a main clause.
Ik zeg u: het zal dooien. Geloof mij, hij zal het zwaard trekken.
A short remark can stand inside the sentence. Hij is, hoop ik, welvarend. Dit is, meen ik, niet onbelangrijk.
Quoted words
When the exact words of a speaker are quoted, dat is always left out.
Mijn vader zegt altijd: “men moet maar gelukkig zijn.” A colon opens the quote.
Vader Cats zei: “vroeg rijp, vroeg rot, vroeg wijs, vroeg zot.”
- 450
I say to you: it will thaw. (Beets.)
IkIzegto sayu:you (polite)hetit; thezalshall, willdooien.thaw - 451
It is the pleasantest time of life, they say. (Beets.)
Hetit; theisto be (irregular)detheaangenaamsteagreeable, pleasanttijdtimevanof, fromhetit; theleven,lifezegtto saymen.one, people - 452
Believe me, he will draw the sword. (van Lennep.)
Geloofbelievemij,mehijhezalshall, willhetit; thezwaardswordtrekken.to travel, to pull (strong) - 453
He is, I hope, doing well.
Hijheis,to be (irregular)hoophopeik,Iwelvarend.prosperous - 454
This is, I think, not unimportant.
Ditthisis,to be (irregular)meenmeanik,Inietnotonbelangrijk.without interest
- 455
My father always says: “one must simply be happy.”
Mijnmyvaderthe fatherzegtsaysaltijd:always“menone, peoplemoetmustmaarbutgelukkighappy, unhappyzijn.”his; to be - 456
Father Cats said: “soon ripe, soon rotten, soon wise, soon foolish.”
Vaderthe fatherCatsCatszei:said“vroegaskedrijp,ripevroegaskedrot,rottenvroegaskedwijs,to refervroegaskedzot.”absurd
Waarom wordt men klerk? (Slot.)
- 457
Why does one become a clerk? (Conclusion.)
Waaromwhywordtto become, to getmenone, peopleklerk?clerk(Slot.)ending - 458
But tell me, have you, in that motley bustle of ranks, in that world in miniature, seen anywhere a future office clerk?
Maarbutzegto sayme,mehebto have, to have hadjeyou; yourinindiewho (relative)bontefurwemelingbustlevanof, fromstanden,ranksinindiewho (relative)wereldworldininhetit; theklein,smallergenssomewhereeenatoekomstigefuturekantoorbediendeoffice clerkgezien?to see - 459
Alas, no!
Helaas,alasnee!no - 460
There is too little poetry in that condition for it to attract the unprejudiced gaze of youth.
Ertherezitto sittetoweiniglittle, fewpoëziepoetryinindiewho (relative)toestandconditiondanthendatthat; that (conjunction)hijhedetheonbevangenunprejudicedblikglancevanof, fromdethejeugdyouthzoushould, wouldkunnento be able (can)aanlokken.drew on
- 461
Picture youth to yourself, as you like, under the influence of notions akin to the state of nature, or already governed by the spirit that characterizes our civilization.
Stelsetjeyou; yourdethejeugdyouthvoor,forzoalsasjeyou; yourwilt,to want, to wishonderunder; amongdetheinvloedinfluencevanof, frombegrippennotionsdiewho (relative)verwantrelatedzijnto be (irregular)aanon, at, todethenatuurstaat,natuurstaatofor; whetheralalreadybeheerstruleddoorthroughdethezinsensediewho (relative)onzeourbeschavingcivilizationkenmerkt.marked - 462
The mechanical trade promises neither happiness nor pleasure; it guarantees as little freedom as the compensations for it: wealth, authority, fame.
Hetit; thewerktuiglijkemechanicalberoeptradesbelooftpromisesevenminjust as littlegelukfortunealsifgenot;delighthetit; thewaarborgtguaranteesevena moment, justweiniglittle, fewvrijheidlibertyalsifdetheschadeloosstellingencompensationdaarvoor:for itweelde,luxurygezag,authorityroem.fame - 463
Do not think that I credit the young people of the common folk with such great philosophy that they are aware of that cause, that they account for it to themselves.
Denkthinknietnotdatthat; that (conjunction)ikIdethejeugdyouthvanof, fromhetit; thevolkpeoplezo'nsuch agrotebig, greatwijsbegeertephilosophytoeschrijfcreditdatthat; that (conjunction)zeshe; theyzichoneself, himself, themselvesvanof, fromdiewho (relative)oorzaakcausebewustknownis,to be (irregular)datthat; that (conjunction)zeshe; theyzichoneself, himself, themselveserthererekenschapan accountvanof, fromgeeft.to give
- 464
Far from it.
Verrefar fromvanfar fromdat.that; that (conjunction) - 465
But nevertheless you must, as I have, often have noticed that they have sympathy only for everything in which strength is hidden, that the most popular figures are at the same time the most independent.
Maarbuttochindeed, after all (here: 'I did warn you, after all')moetto have to, mustje,you; yournetnetalsifik,Ivaakoftenhebbento have, to have hadopgemerktnoticeddatthat; that (conjunction)zeshe; theyalleenonlysympathiesympathyoverhebbenhave to sparevoorforalleseverythingwaarinin whichkrachtstrengthschuilt,is hiddendatthat; that (conjunction)dethepopulairstemost popularfigurenfigurestegelijkat oncedetheonafhankelijkstemost independentzijn.to be (irregular) - 466
It is as if, in the bosom of the people, an awareness of the original destiny of the male character is carried along: the development of all powers, of all gifts.
Hetit; theisto be (irregular)alsofas thoughinindetheboezembosomvanof, fromhetit; thevolkpeoplehetit; thebesefsensevanof, fromdetheoorspronkelijkeoriginalbestemmingdestinyvanof, fromhetit; themannelijkemasculinekaraktercharacterwordtto become, to getmeegedragen:carry alongontwikkelingdevelopmentvanof, fromalleallkrachten,effortsvanof, fromalleallgaven.to give - 467
Servant, clerk, steward, courtier, have you ever met a boy who told you he wanted to become one of those four things?
Knecht,Knechtklerk,clerkhofmeester,stewardhoveling,courtierhebto have, to have hadjeyou; yourooitevereenajongenboyontmoetto meetdiewho (relative)jeyou; yourzeito saydatthat; that (conjunction)hijheeenavanof, fromdiewho (relative)vierfourdingenthingswildeto want, to wishworden?to become, to get - 468
Everyone learns soon enough, in the lowest circles soonest, that something, that a great deal of freedom must be sacrificed for the sake of money; but to give it up entirely, to set oneself the task of self-denial, and that for an entire lifetime, that is only at a later age the result either of necessity, or of fanaticism, or, in exceptional cases, of virtue. (E. J. Potgieter.)
Iedereeneveryoneleertcomes tosnelquicklygenoeg,enoughinindethelaagstelowkringenringshetit; thesnelst,quicklydatthat; that (conjunction)erthereiets,somethingdatthat; that (conjunction)erthereveelmuchvanof, fromdethevrijheidlibertymoetto have to, mustwordento become, to getopgeofferdgiven upomwillefor the sakevanof, fromhetit; thegeld;moneymaarbutertherehelemaalentirelyafstanddistancevanof, fromdoen,to dojezelfyourselfzelfverloocheningself-denialtotuntil, totaaktaskstellen,putenanddatthat; that (conjunction)nogstill, yet; anotherwelbuteenaheelwholelevenlifelang,longdatthat; that (conjunction)isto be (irregular)pasonly justopon, uponlaterelaterleeftijdagehetit; thegevolgconsequencevanof, fromdwang,compulsionvanof, fromdweperij,fanaticismofor; whetherininuitzonderlijkeexceptionalgevallen,fallenvanof, fromdeugd.virtue(E.eJ.J.Potgieter.)Potgieter
Lesson 39: conversation
- 469
Which Dutch work is probably read the most?
Welkwhich, whatNederlandsDutchwerkworkwordtto become, to getwelbuthetit; themeestmostgelezen?to read - 470
Isn't Hildebrand a pseudonym?
Isto be (irregular)HildebrandHildebrandnietnoteenapseudoniem?pseudonym - 471
Without doubt Hildebrand's Camera Obscura (1839).
ZonderwithouttwijfeldoubtHildebrandsHildebrandsCameraCameraObscuraObscura(1839).1839 - 472
Yes, the writer is Nicolaas Beets, who died in 1903.
Ja,yesdetheschrijverwriter, author; clerkisto be (irregular)detheinin19031903overledento dieNicolaasNicolaasBeets.Beets
- 473
How do you know that this work is read the most?
Hoehowweetto knowjeyou; yourdatthat; that (conjunction)ditthiswerkworkhetit; themeestmostgelezento readwordt?to become, to get - 474
That is saying something for a small country like the Netherlands!
Datthat; that (conjunction)wilto want, to wishwatwhatzeggento sayvoorforeenakleinsmalllandlandalsifNederland!Nederland - 475
And abroad it is surely hardly read?
Enandininhetit; thebuitenlandforeign countrywordtto become, to gethetit; thezekersurely, certainlynauwelijksscarcelygelezen?to read - 476
Because twenty-five editions have already appeared by now.
Omdatbecauseerthereinmiddelsin the meantimealalreadyvijfentwintigtwenty-fivedrukkenprintedzijnto be (irregular)verschenen.appeared - 477
The original probably rarely, but there are translations of it into French, German, and English.
Hetit; theorigineeloriginalwaarschijnlijkprobablyzelden,seldommaarbutertherezijnto be (irregular)vertalingentranslationsvanof, fromininhetit; theFrans,FransDuitsDuitsenandEngels.Engels - 478
Certainly not; even the best translations leave something to be desired; sometimes whole sentences are left out, because the translators did not know what to do with them.
Zekersurely, certainlyniet;notzelfsevendethebestebestvertalingentranslationslatento lettetowensenwishedover;across, oversomssometimeszijnhis; to behelewholezinnensensesweggelaten,left outomdatbecausedethevertalerstranslatorsertheregeenno, not araadcounselmeealong, withwisten.to know
- 479
It seems to me that it cannot be an easy work to translate the Camera Obscura.
Mijme thinksdunktme thinksdatthat; that (conjunction)hetit; thegeenno, not agemakkelijkeasy, easilywerkworkmoetto have to, mustzijnto be (irregular)omsmile atdetheCameraCameraObscuraObscuratetovertalen.translate - 480
Some expressions surely cannot be rendered in any other language; but isn't that the case with every book?
Sommigesomeuitdrukkingenexpressionszalshall, willmenone, peoplewelbutiningeenno, not aandereothertaallanguagekunnento be able (can)weergeven;give backmaarbutisto be (irregular)datnot so (I beg your pardon)nietnot so (I beg your pardon)metwithelkeachboekbookhetit; thegeval?case - 481
I believe that an ordinary novel loses little if it is well translated, but the Camera is a depiction of genuinely Dutch customs and manners.
IkIgeloofto believedatthat; that (conjunction)eenagewoneordinaryromannovelweiniglittle, fewverliestto losealsifhijhegoedgood, wellvertaaldtranslatedis,to be (irregular)maarbutdetheCameraCameraisto be (irregular)eenaschilderingdepictionvanof, fromechtrealHollandseDutchzedencustomenandgebruiken.to use - 482
This work is certainly more suited to that than half a dozen descriptions by people who have been in the Netherlands for only a few hours or days.
Stelligfirmnessisto be (irregular)ditthiswerkworkdaaras, since, becausemeermorevoorforgeschiktsuiteddantheneenahalfhalfdozijndozenbeschrijvingendescriptionvanof, frommensenmen, peoplediewho (relative)slechtsonlyenkelea fewurenhoursofor; whetherdagendaysininNederlandNederlandgeweestto be (irregular)zijn.to be (irregular)
- 483
Then the Camera would surely give the foreigner a good look into our particular way of life, at least that of our parents!
Danthenzoushould, woulddetheCameraCameradethevreemdelingstrangerzekersurely, certainlyeenagoedethe good, what is goodblikglancegevento giveininonzeoureigenaardigepeculiarlevenswijze,manner of livingalthansat leastinindiewho (relative)vanof, fromonzeourouders!parents - 484
Is Dutch now beginning to be studied more abroad than before?
Begintto beginmenone, peoplenunow, at presentdetheNederlandseDutchtaallanguageininhetit; thebuitenlandforeign countrymeermoretetobeoefenenstudydanthenvroeger?formerly - 485
Certainly, one is coming to see that Dutch is indispensable for a scholarly study of the Germanic languages.
Zeker,surely, certainlymenone, peoplebegintto begininintetoziento seedatthat; that (conjunction)hetit; theNederlandsNederlandsonmisbaarinevitablyisto be (irregular)voorforeenawetenschappelijkescholarlystudiestudyvanof, fromdetheGermaanseGermanictalen.languages - 486
It forms a link in the chain that connects Germany with England.
Zeshe; theyvormtformedeenaschakellinkvanof, fromdetheketenchaindiewho (relative)DuitslandDuitslandmetwithEngelandEngelandverbindt.links
- 487
How is the Netherlands divided?
Hoehowwordtto become, to getNederlandNederlandverdeeld?divided - 488
How are these provinces further divided?
Hoehowwordento become, to getdezethe latter (the most recently mentioned)provinciesprovincesverderfurtherverdeeld?divided - 489
The Kingdom of the Netherlands consists of the eleven provinces: North Brabant, Gelderland, South Holland, North Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Friesland, Overijssel, Groningen, Drenthe and Limburg.
Hetit; theKoninkrijkKoninkrijkderof theNederlandenNederlandenbestaatexistsuitout of, fromdetheelfelevenprovincies:provincesNoord-Brabant,North BrabantGelderland,GelderlandZuid-Holland,South HollandNoord-Holland,North HollandZeeland,ZeelandUtrecht,UtrechtFriesland,FrieslandOverijssel,OverijsselGroningen,GroningenDrentheDrentheenandLimburg.Limburg - 490
Into districts, and these into cantons.
Ininarrondissementendistrictsenanddezethe latter (the most recently mentioned)ininkantons.cantons
- 491
What is the capital of the country?
Watwhatisto be (irregular)dethehoofdstadcapital citiesvanof, fromhetit; theland?land - 492
And what is the seat of government?
Enandwatwhatisto be (irregular)detheresidentiestad?seat of government - 493
What is the form of government of the Netherlands?
Hoehowisto be (irregular)detheregeringsvormform of governmentvanof, fromNederland?Nederland - 494
Amsterdam.
Amsterdam.Amsterdam - 495
The Hague ('s-Hage, Den Haag).
's-GravenhageThe Hague, the count's hedge('s-Hage,'s-HageDenDenHaag).Haag - 496
The supreme government is in the hands of a hereditary sovereign (a sovereign lady), who bears the title of King (Queen).
Hetit; theopperbestuursupreme governmentisto be (irregular)ininhandena hand, handsvanof, fromeenaerfelijkehereditaryvorstprince(eenavorstin),queendiewho (relative)dethetiteltitlevanof, fromKoningking, kings(Koningin)queenvoert.to navigate
- 497
Who reigns at present?
Wiewhoregeertgovernsertherethans?now - 498
Is the King's (the Queen's) power unlimited?
Isto be (irregular)dethemachtpowervanof, fromdetheKoningking, kings(vanof, fromdetheKoningin)queenonbeperkt?unlimited - 499
Queen Wilhelmina, daughter of the late King William III.
KoninginqueenWilhelmina,Wilhelminadochterdaughtervanof, fromdetheoverledento dieKoningking, kingsWillemWillemIII.III - 500
No, it is subject to the Constitution; the King (Queen) takes counsel with a Council of State and appoints the Ministers, who are responsible for the execution of the laws.
Nee,nozeshe; theyisto be (irregular)onderworpensubjectaanon, at, todetheGrondwet;ConstitutiondetheKoning(in)queengaatto gotetoradecounselmetwitheenaRaadcounselvanof, fromStatenStatenenandbenoemtappointeddetheMinisters,Ministersdiewho (relative)verantwoordelijkanswerablezijnto be (irregular)voorfordetheuitvoeringexecutionvanof, fromdethewetten.laws
- 501
How is the people represented?
Hoehowwordtto become, to gethetit; thevolkpeoplevertegenwoordigd?represented - 502
Who represents the King (the Queen) in each province?
WiewhovertegenwoordigtrepresentsdetheKoningking, kings(detheKoningin)queenininiedereeach, everyprovincie?province - 503
By deputies, who are divided into a First and Second Chamber, together forming the States-General.
Doorthroughafgevaardigden,deputiesdiewho (relative)verdeelddividedzijnto be (irregular)inineenaEerstethe former (the first-mentioned)enandTweedeTweedeKamer,Kamerdiewho (relative)samentogetherdetheStaten-GeneraalStates-Generaluitmaken.make up - 504
The King's (Queen's) Commissioner, who also supervises the proceedings of the Provincial States.
DetheCommissarisCommissionervanof, fromdetheKoning(in),queendiewho (relative)ookalso, likewisetoezichtsupervisionhoudtto keepopon, upondethewerkzaamhedenlabourvanof, fromdetheProvincialeProvincialeStaten.Staten
- 505
Is Dutch spoken the same way in every province, or are there also dialects?
Wordtto become, to getininiedereeach, everyprovincieprovincehetit; theNederlandsNederlandsopon, upondezelfdethe samewijzemanner, waygesproken,to speakofor; whetherzijnto be (irregular)erthereookalso, likewisetongvallen?dialects - 506
What other language is still spoken, besides Dutch?
Welkewhich, whattaallanguagewordtto become, to getertherenogstill, yet; anothergesproken,to speakbehalveexcepthetit; theNederlands?Nederlands - 507
In Holland and Utrecht one hears Hollandish, in Zeeland Zeelandic, in North Brabant and Limburg Brabantish and Limburgish, in Gelderland, Overijssel and Drenthe Rhinelandish, in Groningen Groningish.
IninHollandHollandenandUtrechtUtrechthoortto hearmenone, peoplehetit; theHollands,HollandsininZeelandZeelandhetit; theZeeuws,ZeeuwsininNoord-BrabantNorth BrabantenandLimburgLimburghetit; theBrabantsBrabantsenandLimburgs,LimburgsininGelderland,GelderlandOverijsselOverijsselenandDrentheDrenthehetit; theNederrijns,NederrijnsininGroningenGroningenhetit; theGronings.Gronings - 508
In Friesland, Frisian, usually called Farmers' or Land Frisian; it is of the same stock as the Frisian of North Germany.
IninFrieslandFrieslandhetit; theFries,Friesgewoonlijkgenerally, usuallyBoeren-Farmers'ofor; whetherLandfriesLand Frisiangenoemd;to call, to namehetit; theisto be (irregular)vanof, fromdezelfdethe samestamtrunk, stemalsifhetit; theFriesFriesininNoord-Duitsland.North Germany
- 509
What monetary standard does the Netherlands have?
Welkewhich, whatmuntstandaardmonetary standardheeftto have, to have hadNederland?Nederland - 510
What gold coin is minted?
Welkwhich, whatgoudgeldgold coinwordtto become, to getertheregemunt?aimed - 511
The double standard.
Dethedubbeledoublestandaard.Standard - 512
Only one kind: the ten-guilder piece or the Golden William (f. 10.- = 17 s.).
Slechtsonlyeenasoort:kindhetit; theTienguldenstukTienguldenstukofor; whetherdetheGoudenGoudenWillemWillem(f.f.10,-10=1717s.).(abbreviation)
- 513
And what silver coin?
Enandwelkwhich, whatzilvergeld?silver coin - 514
Are there also nickel coins?
Zijnto be (irregular)erthereookalso, likewisenikkelmunten?nickel coins - 515
The rix-dollar (f. 2.50 = 4 s. 2 d.), the guilder (f. 1.- = 1 s. 8 d.), the half guilder (f. 0.50 = 10 d.), the quarter guilder (f. 0.25 = 5 d.), the ten-cent piece (f. 0.10 = 2 d.).
DetheRijksdaalderRijksdaalder(f.f.2,502.50=44s.(abbreviation)22d.),ddetheGuldenguilders(f.f.1,-1=11s.(abbreviation)88d.),ddetheHalvehalfguldenguilders(f.f.0,500.50=1010d.),dhetit; theKwartjeKwartje(f.f.0,250.25=55d.),dhetit; theDubbeltjeDubbeltje(f.f.0,100.10=22d.).d - 516
Only one: the new five-cent piece (f. 0.05 = 1 d.).
Slechtsonlyeen:ahetit; thenieuwenewstuiverstukfive-cent piece(f.f.0,050.05=11d.).d
- 517
What are the bronze coins?
Welkewhich, whatzijnto be (irregular)dethebronzenbronzemunten?coins - 518
What is the monetary unit?
Watwhatisto be (irregular)dethemunteenheid?monetary unit - 519
The half stuiver (f. 0.02½ = halfpenny), the cent (f. 0.01), 5 cents = 1 d., the half cent (f. 0.00½), 10 half cents = 1 d.
Dethehalvehalfstuiverstivers(f.f.0,02½0.02½=halfpenny),halfpennydetheCentCent(f.f.0,01);0.0155centpennies=11d.,ddetheHalvehalfcentpennies(f.f.0,00½);0.00½1010halvehalfcentenpennies=11d.d - 520
The guilder = 100 cents.
DetheGuldenguilders=100100centen.pennies
Lesson 39: exercise 105
- 521
He carefully noted the prices.
Hijhetekendesignednauwkeurigexact(ly)detheprijzenpriceop.on, upon - 522
He did his work carefully.
Hijhedeedto dozijnhis; to bewerkworkzorgvuldig.carefully - 523
She saw at once the cogency of this reasoning.
Zijshe; theyzagto seedadelijkimmediatelydethekrachtstrengthvanof, fromdezethe latter (the most recently mentioned)redeneringreasoningin.in - 524
He had, in general, a laudable confidence in his own judgment.
Ininhetit; thealgemeengenerally, widelyhadto have, to have hadhijheeenaprijzenswaardiglaudablevertrouwenconfidenceininzijnhis; to beeigenownoordeel.judgment - 525
He heard again the language of his childhood.
Hijhehoordeto hearweeragaindethetaallanguagevanof, fromzijnhis; to bekindsheid.childhood - 526
Putting in his hand a small token of my gratitude and goodwill, I departed.
NadatafterikIhemhimeenakleinsmallbewijsproofvanof, frommijnmydankbaarheidgratitudeenandmijnmygoedethe good, what is goodwilwantinindethehanda hand, handshadto have, to have hadgestopt,darnsvertrokdepartedik.I
- 527
This strange occurrence brings to my mind a marriage sermon of the famous Bishop Taylor, in which he thus alludes to ill-assorted matches.
Dezethe latter (the most recently mentioned)vreemdestrangegebeurteniseventsbrengtbringsmijmeeenahuwelijkspreekmarriage sermonvanof, fromdetheberoemdecelebratedbisschopbishopTaylorTaylortetobinnen,withinwaarinin whichhijheopon, upondiewho (relative)maniermannerzinspeeldealludedopon, uponhuwelijkenthe marriagevanof, fromweiniglittle, fewbijwithelkaareach otherpassendetake carepersonen.persons - 528
They cherished in their breasts all that they had heard of their valour and noble lineage.
Zijshe; theybewaardenkeptzorgvuldigcarefullyininhunthem; theirhartheartalleseverythingwatwhatzijshe; theyhaddento have, to have hadgehoordto hearvanof, fromhunthem; theirdapperheidbraveryenandhunthem; theiredelepreciousafkomst.origin - 529
But what was my delight, at beholding on its cover the identical painting of which I was in quest.
Maarbutwatwhatwasto be (irregular)ikIverheugdgladtoenas, whenikIopon, upondetheomslagadoervanof itdethevolmaaktperfectgelijkendeto resembleafbeeldingpaintingvondto findwaarnaarafter whichikIzocht.to try, to seek
- 530
He looked to his friends for protection.
Hijhedeedto doeenaberoeptradesopon, uponzijnhis; to bevriendenfriendsomsmile atbescherming.protection - 531
His story agrees with yours on all points.
Zijnhis; to beverhaaltalekomtto comeininalleallopzichtenrespectmetwithhetit; theuweyourovereen.the same - 532
He immediately complied with my request.
Hijhewilligdecompliedonmiddellijkimmediatemijnmyverzoekrequestin.in - 533
They condoled with the father on his sad loss.
Zijshe; theybeklaagdencondoleddethevaderthe fatheromsmile atzijnhis; to bedroevigesadverlies.loss
- 534
His account differs from yours in several important particulars.
Zijnhis; to beverslagreportwijktto deviate, to give wayininverscheideneseveralbelangrijkeimportantbijzonderhedenpeculiarityvanof, fromhetit; theuweyouraf.off - 535
He refrained from personal interference on this occasion.
Hijheonthieldwithheldzichoneself, himself, themselvesbijwithdezethe latter (the most recently mentioned)gelegenheidoccasion, opportunityvanof, frompersoonlijkepersonaltussenkomst.interference - 536
Yesterday I wrote him a letter.
Gisterenyesterdayschreefto writeikIhemhimeenabrief.letter - 537
In that way he will never succeed.
Opon, upondiewho (relative)maniermannerzalshall, willhijhenooitneverslagen.succeed - 538
Rich he will never be.
Rijkrich, richerzalshall, willhijhenooitneverworden.to become, to get - 539
This letter she showed to her father.
Diewho (relative)brieflettertoondeto showzijshe; theyaanon, at, tohaarhervader.the father
- 540
Them also had he shielded from tyranny.
Henthemhadto have, to have hadhijheookalso, likewisebehoedpreservevoorfortirannie.tyranny - 541
Seven times did this intrepid general renew the attack.
Zevensevenkeertime (an occasion)herhaaldeto repeat (inseparable)dezethe latter (the most recently mentioned)onversaagdeundauntedgeneraalgeneraldetheaanval.attack - 542
In vain did he endeavour to make the egg stand on its end.
Tevergeefsin vainprobeerdeto tryhijhehetit; theeiegg, eggsopon, uponzijnhis; to bepuntpointtetodoento dostaan.to stand - 543
In a few months there remained not a trace of it.
Ininenkelea fewmaandenmonthswasto be (irregular)ertheregeenno, not aspoortracemeermorevanof, fromover.across, over
Lesson 39: exercise 106
- 544
Not less strange to us seemed the garb and manners of the people, their language and religion.
Nietnotminderlessvreemdestrangeindrukimpressionmaaktento make (weak)opon, upononsusdethekledingdressenanddethemanierenmannersvanof, fromhetit; thevolk,peoplehunthem; theirtaallanguageenandgodsdienst.religion - 545
Shortly after, there happened another accident more terrible yet than the first.
Korta short time afterwardsdaaropa short time afterwardsgebeurdehappenederthereeenaanderanother (person)ongeluk,misfortuneveelmuchverschrikkelijkerterribledanthenhetit; theeerste.the former (the first-mentioned) - 546
We did not proceed on our journey, because there arrived a messenger who brought evil tidings.
Wijwezettento put, to setonzeourreisjourneynietnotvoort,onomdatbecauseerthereeenabodemessengermetwithslechtbadnieuwsnewwasto be (irregular)gekomen.to come - 547
This state of things might have lasted for a considerable time, if there had not arisen new complications.
Dezethe latter (the most recently mentioned)standstationvanof, fromzakenmatterszoushould, wouldnogstill, yet; anotheraanzienlijkedistinguishedtijdtimegeduurdlastedhebben,to have, to have hadalsifzichoneself, himself, themselvesgeenno, not anieuwenewverwikkelingencomplicationshaddento have, to have hadvoorgedaan.to present - 548
Here I was interrupted.
Toenas, whenwerdto become, to getikIinindetheredediscoursegevallen.to fall - 549
Then I saw my mistake.
Toenas, whenzagto seeikImijnmyvergissingmistakein.in - 550
Happy is the man that findeth wisdom.
Gelukkighappy, unhappyisto be (irregular)dethemanman; husbanddiewho (relative)wijsheidwisdomvindt.to find
- 551
So great was the irritation, that no messengers could be found to carry the tidings.
Zoso, asgrootgreatwasto be (irregular)detheverbittering,bitternessdatthat; that (conjunction)ertheregeenno, not aboodschappersmessengerstetovindento findwarento be (irregular)omsmile atdethetijdingentidingsoveracross, overtetobrengen.bring - 552
Poor he was, but honest too.
Hoewelalthougharm,poor, poorerwasto be (irregular)hijhetochindeed, after all (here: 'I did warn you, after all')eerlijk.honest - 553
Indignant as the officers were, they did not show it.
Hoewelalthoughdetheambtenarenofficialsverontwaardigdindignantwaren,to be (irregular)lietento letzeshe; theyhetit; thenietnotmerken.brands - 554
It is not gold that I demand.
Hetit; theisto be (irregular)geenno, not agoudgolddatthat; that (conjunction)ikIvraag.to ask - 555
It was to him that we looked for support.
Hetit; thewasto be (irregular)vanof, fromhemhimdatthat; that (conjunction)wijwehulphelpverwachtten.looked for - 556
It was not such men I was taught to look up to.
Menone, peoplehadto have, to have hadmijmenietnotgeleerdlearnedtegenagainst; tozulkesuchmensenmen, peopleopon, upontetozien.to see - 557
I can't tell you what is my name and who I am.
IkIkanto be able (can)uyou (polite)nietnotzeggento sayhoehowikIheet,to be callednochnorwiewhoikIben.to be (irregular)
- 558
Besides, I know what were her feelings, and what they are now.
Bovendienbesidesweetto knowikIwatwhatzijshe; theyeroverabout itdachtthoughtenandwatwhatzijshe; theyertherenunow, at presentoveracross, overdenkt.thinks - 559
He demanded what was the moral of the story, and what it went to prove.
Hijhevroegto asknaarto, towardsdethemoraalmoralvanof, fromhetit; theverhaal,taleenandwatwhathetit; themoestto have to, mustbewijzen.to prove; proofs - 560
Never has greater impudence gone together with more ignorance.
Nooitnevergingto gogroteregreatonbeschaamdheidimpudence, insolencegepaardtogethermetwithmeermoreonwetendheid.ignorance - 561
No sooner had I given way, than he put in another claim.
Nauwelijksscarcelyhadto have, to have hadikItoegegeven,give wayofor; whetherhijhekwamto comemetwitheenanieuweneweisdemandaan.on, at, to - 562
Never did he show greater presence of mind than on this memorable occasion.
Nooitnevertoondeto showhijhegroteregreattegenwoordigheidpresencevanof, fromgeestminddanthenbijwithdezethe latter (the most recently mentioned)merkwaardigeremarkablegelegenheid.occasion, opportunity - 563
His plan, they said, would have succeeded but for some unforeseen circumstances.
Zijnhis; to beplan,plan, planszeito saymen,one, peoplezoushould, wouldgeslaagdsucceededzijnto be (irregular)alsifzichoneself, himself, themselvesgeenno, not aonvoorzieneunforeseenomstandighedencircumstanceshaddento have, to have hadvoorgedaan.to present - 564
A fatal accident, he told them, had just occurred.
Eenanoodlottigefatal, disastrousgebeurtenis,eventsverteldetoldhijhehun,them; theirhadto have, to have hadnetnetplaatsgevonden.took
- 565
This, my father answered me, is the real state of affairs.
Dit,thisantwoorddeto answermijnmyvaderthe fathermij,meisto be (irregular)dethejuisteexactlystandstationvanof, fromzaken.matters - 566
Never, I replied to this taunt, shall I suffer myself to be thus made a fool of.
Nooit,neverantwoorddeto answerikIopon, upondezethe latter (the most recently mentioned)belediging,insultzalshall, willikIduldenBear withzoso, asvoorfordethegekmadgehoudento keeptetoworden.to become, to get
Lesson 39: exercise 107
- 567
The wolf has a hungry, skulking look.
Dethewolfwolfheeftto have, to have hadeenahongerige,hungryloerendeskulkingblik.glance - 568
He is very fierce and very cunning; but he is at the time a great coward.
Hijheisto be (irregular)bijwithuitstekexcellencewoestwildenandsluw;cunningmaarbutisto be (irregular)tegelijkertijdat the same timezeerverylafhartig.cravenly - 569
His acute sense of smell enables him to scent his prey far off.
Zijnhis; to bescherpesharpreukorgaansense of smellsteltstandshemhimininstaatstands; statezijnhis; to beprooipreyalalreadyopon, uponverrefarafstanddistancetetoruiken.to smell
- 570
His speed is not very great; but he never tires in the chase; and he steadily follows even the fleetest of his victims till he has wearied them out and run them down.
Zijnhis; to besnelheidspeedisto be (irregular)nietnotbijzonderparticulargroot;greatmaarbuthijhewordtto become, to getnooitnevermoetiredvanof, fromdethejacht;huntingenandhijheblijftto remain, staysteedsalwayszelfsevendethesnelstequicklyvanof, fromzijnhis; to beslachtoffersvictimsvervolgen,prosecutetotdatuntilhijhezeshe; theyheeftto have, to have haduitgeputexhaustedenandingehaald.received - 571
In the great and gloomy forests of Russia, where the snow lies on the ground for at least eight months of the year, wolves roam about in vast troops; and it is a fearful thing for the traveller, especially if night has overtaken him, to hear their howlings in the distance.
Inindethegrotebig, greatenandsomberegloomywoudenforestsvanof, fromRusland,Ruslandwaarwhere; truedethesneeuwsnowminstensat leastachteightmaandenmonthsvanof, fromhetit; thejaarthe yeardethegrondground, earthbedekt,coveredzwervento roamdethewolvenwolvesinintalrijkenumeroustroepentroopsrond;aroundenandhetit; theisto be (irregular)voorfordethereizigertravelerietssomethingverschrikkelijks,fearful thingvooralabove allalsifdethenachtnighthemhimovervallencame overheeft,to have, to have hadhunthem; theirgehuilhowlinginindethevertedistancetetohoren.to hear - 572
An English gentleman, who lived for some time in St. Petersburg, tells the following story:
EenaEngelsman,Engelsmandiewho (relative)enigeonly (het enige: the only thing)tijdtimeininSint-PetersburgSt. Petersburgvertoefde,tarrieddeeltshareshetit; thevolgendenext, followingverhaaltalemee:along, with
- 573
At no great distance from St. Petersburg a Russian peasant, when one day in his sledge, was pursued by eleven of these fierce animals.
Opon, uponbetrekkelijkrelativegeringelowlyafstanddistancevanof, fromSint-PetersburgSt. Petersburgwerdto become, to getopon, uponeenadagdayeenaRussischeRussianboerpeasantininzijnhis; to besleesledgeachtervolgdpursueddoorthroughelfelevenvanof, fromdezethe latter (the most recently mentioned)woestewilddieren.creatures - 574
He was only about two miles from home, and as soon as he caught sight of the wolves, he urged his horse homeward at the very top of its speed.
Hijhebevondfoundzichoneself, himself, themselvesnogstill, yet; anothermaarbutongeveerabouttweetwomijlmilesvanof, fromzijnhis; to bewoning,dwellingenandzodraas soon ashijhedethewolvenwolvesininhetit; thegezichtsightkreeg,to get; honger krijgen: to become hungryzweepteurgedhijhezijnhis; to bepaardhorsehuiswaarts,homewardmetwithdetheuitersteextremespoed.haste - 575
On reaching the gate at the entrance to his house, he found it closed.
Toenas, whenhijhehetit; thehekgatebereikteto reachdatthat; that (conjunction)toegangaccesstotuntil, tozijnhis; to behuishousegaf,to givevondto findhijhedatthat; that (conjunction)gesloten.to shut
- 576
But the frightened horse dashed it open, and carried its master safely into the court-yard.
Maarbuthetit; theverschriktefrightenedpaardhorseduwdedashedhetit; theopenopenenandbrachtto pass, to spend (time)zijnhis mastermeesterhis masterveiligsafeopon, uponhetit; theerf.grounds - 577
They were followed by nine out of the eleven wolves; but most fortunately, at the very instant that the wolves entered, the gate swung back on its hinges, and thus they were caught as in a trap.
Zijshe; theywerdento become, to getgevolgdfolloweddoorthroughnegenninevanof, fromdetheelfelevenwolven;wolvesmaarbutbuitengewoonuncommonlygelukkighappy, unhappyzwaaide,swingsnetnettoenas, whendethewolvenwolvesbinnenkwamen,come inhetit; thehekgateopon, uponzijnhis; to behengselshandleterug,backenandwerdento become, to getzijshe; theyzoso, asalsifinineenavalfallgevangen.to catch - 578
In a moment the cowardly creatures, when they found escape to be impossible, became completely changed.
Onmiddellijkimmediatevondfoundertherebijwithdethelafhartigecravenlydieren,creaturestoenas, whenzijshe; theyzagento seedatthat; that (conjunction)zijshe; theyonmogelijkimpossiblekondento be able (can)ontsnappen,escapedeenavolledigecompleteomkeerchangeplaats.place - 579
So far from attacking any one, they shrank into holes and corners, and allowed themselves to be killed almost without making resistance!
Verrefar fromvanfar fromiemandsomeoneaanon, at, totetovallen,to falldeinsdenshrankzijshe; theyterugbackiningatenholeenandhoekencornerenandlietenlet (past)zich,oneself, himself, themselvesbijnanearlyzonderwithoutweerstandresistancetetobieden,to offerdoodslaan!beaten to death
The particulars
- The course
- Valette, Dutch Conversation-Grammar (1913) and its Key (1893); Defense Language Institute, Dutch Refresher Course, Books I to III (1961). Public domain. The teaching pages, the readings' English, the answers to the conversations and the narration are ours.
- Reading aloud
- Digital narration, directed by 1732 Studios.
- The book
- Max Havelaar, the work this course leads to, free to read here.
- Data
- JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents