Italian · The Games of Life
Freddo
Cold
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- 1
“The snow can’t be long in coming,” the young servant girl announced, looking at the white sky, “—take at least an umbrella, Maureddu….”
Latheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of nevenevesnowneve · noun, feminine, singularsubject of tardarenonnotnon · adverbmodifies tardarepuòcanpotere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of tardaretardarebe longtardare · verb, infinitivemain verb of the quoted clauseannunziòannouncedannunciare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentence, introduces the quoted speecholder spelling of 'annunciare'
latheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of servagiovineyounggiovane · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies servaolder/literary spelling of 'giovane'
servaservant girlserva · noun, feminine, singularsubject of annunziòguardandolookingguardare · verb, gerundadverbial clause on annunziòiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cielocieloskycielo · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of guardandobiancowhitebianco · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies cieloprendititakeprendere · verb, imperative, second-person, singularmain verb of the resumed quoted clause-ti enclitic pronoun = 'yourself'
almenoat leastalmeno · adverbmodifies ombrellounanuno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of ombrelloombrelloumbrellaombrello · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of prenditiMauredduMauredduMaureddu · proper nounvocative, addressed to Maureddu - 2
An umbrella?
UnAnuno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of ombrelloombrelloumbrellaombrello · noun, masculine, singularhead of the phrase The young master burst out laughing.
Iltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of padronegiovineyounggiovane · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies padroneolder/literary spelling of 'giovane'
padronemasterpadrone · noun, masculine, singularsubject of misesihimselfsi · pronoun, reflexive, third-person, singularreflexive pronoun object of misemiseburst outmettere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of ridereriderelaughingridere · verb, infinitivecomplement of miseCarrying an umbrella was, to him, a sign of weakness, almost of cowardice.
Portarcarryingportare · verb, infinitivesubject of eraapocopated (truncated) form of 'portare'
l’theil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of ombrelloombrelloumbrellaombrello · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of Portarerawasessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to segnopertoper · prepositionpreposition marking luiluihimlui · pronoun, masculine, singularoblique complement of eraunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of segnosegnosignsegno · noun, masculine, singularhead of the phrasediofdi · prepositionpreposition marking debolezzadebolezzaweaknessdebolezza · noun, feminine, singularmodifies segnoquasialmostquasi · adverbmodifies vigliaccheriadiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking vigliaccheriavigliaccheriacowardicevigliaccheria · noun, feminine, singularmodifies segno- 3
“You’ll see, it will snow; why are you leaving in this weather?…” the girl resumed, in a fervent, plaintive voice.
Vedraiyou'll seevedere · verb, future, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the quoted clausechethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of nevicherànevicheràwill snownevicare · verb, future, indicative, third-person, singularclausal complement of Vedraiperchèwhyperché · interrogative adverbintroduces the question, modifies partipartiare you leavingpartire · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the questionconincon · prepositionpreposition marking tempoquestothisquesto · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of tempotempoweathertempo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of partiripreseresumedriprendere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of ragazzaragazzagirlragazza · noun, feminine, singularsubject of ripreseconincon · prepositionpreposition marking vocevocevoicevoce · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of ripreseardenteferventardente · adjective, singularmodifies voceeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlamentosaplaintivelamentoso · adjective, feminine, singularcoordinated with ardente “I won’t be able to sleep….”
IoIio · pronoun, singularsubject of potrònonnotnon · adverbmodifies potròpotròwill be ablepotere · auxiliary verb, future, indicative, first-person, singularauxiliary of dormiredormireto sleepdormire · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentence- 4
Maureddu laughed again.
MauredduMauredduMaureddu · proper nounsubject of riseriselaughedridere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceancoraagainancora · adverbmodifies rise For him everything was a thing to laugh at, but with an almost childlike laugh, one that offended no one.
Perforper · prepositionpreposition marking luiluihimlui · pronoun, masculine, singularoblique complement of oggettotuttoeverythingtutto · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of eraerawasessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to oggettooggettoa thingoggetto · noun, masculine, singularpredicate complement of eradiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking risorisolaughterriso · noun, masculine, singularmodifies oggettomabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationd’ofdi · prepositionpreposition marking risounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of risorisolaughriso · noun, masculine, singularcoordinated with risoquasialmostquasi · adverbmodifies infantileinfantilechildlikeinfantile · adjective, singularmodifies risochethatche · pronounsubject of offendevanonnotnon · adverbmodifies offendevaoffendevaoffendedoffendere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on risonessunono onenessuno · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of offendeva- 5
“You won’t be able to sleep?”
Tuyoutu · pronoun, singularsubject of dormirenonnotnon · adverbmodifies potraipotraiwill be ablepotere · auxiliary verb, future, indicative, second-person, singularauxiliary of dormiredormiresleepdormire · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentence “Then come down to the kitchen, then,” he said, while he finished saddling the horse.
Allorathenallora · adverbmodifies scendiscendicome downscendere · verb, present, imperative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceintoin · prepositionpreposition marking cucinacucinakitchencucina · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of scendiallorathenallora · adverbmodifies scendidissesaiddire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencementrewhilementre · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of finivafinivawas finishingfinire · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularclausal complement of disseditodi · prepositionintroduces the clause of sellaresellaresaddlingsellare · verb, infinitivecomplement of finivailtheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cavallocavallohorsecavallo · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of sellare- 6
She too laughed a little, melancholy and sensuous.
Anch’tooanche · adverbmodifies riseellasheella · pronoun, feminine, singularsubject of riseriselaughedridere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of po’po’littlepoco · adverbmodifies risemelanconicamelancholymelanconico · adjective, feminine, singularcomplement of riseeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvoluttuosasensuousvoluttuoso · adjective, feminine, singularcoordinated with melanconica - 7
“If you’re not there….” she murmured.
Seifse · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of seinonnotnon · adverbmodifies seicithereci · pronounlocative particle with seiseiareessere · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentencetuyoutu · pronoun, singularsubject of seimormoròmurmuredmormorare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentence - 8
“You’ll hug the sleeping-mat instead….”
Tiyourselfti · pronoun, singularethical dative with abbracceraiDativus ethicus — idiomatic 'for yourself', implying 'instead [of me]' rather than a literal object.
abbracceraiyou’ll hugabbracciare · verb, future, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of stuoiastuoiamatstuoia · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of abbraccerai Go, tell grandmother I’m about to leave….
Vagoandare · verb, imperative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceditelldire · verb, imperative, second-person, singularcoordinated with Vaatoa · prepositionpreposition marking nonnanonnagrandmothernonna · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of dichethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stostoamstare · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularclausal complement of diperabout toper · prepositionintroduces the clause of partirepartireleavepartire · verb, infinitivecomplement of stoWait, first.
Aspettawaitaspettare · verb, imperative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceprimafirstprima · adverbmodifies Aspetta- 9
He chased her under the shed and held her tight.
Laherla · pronoun, feminine, singulardirect object of rincorserincorsechasedrincorrere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencesottoundersotto · prepositionpreposition marking tettoialatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of tettoiatettoiashedtettoia · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of rincorseeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationl’heril · pronoun, singulardirect object of abbracciòabbracciòheldabbracciare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with rincorsefortetightforte · adjective, singularcomplement of abbracciò She was taller than him, beautiful, rosy, with an aquiline nose and two big round, shining eyes.
Ellasheella · pronoun, feminine, singularsubject of altaerawasessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to altapiùmorepiù · adverbmodifies altaaltatallalto · adjective, feminine, singularhead of the phrasedithandi · prepositionpreposition marking luiluihimlui · pronoun, masculine, singularoblique complement of altabellabeautifulbello · adjective, feminine, singularcoordinated with altarosearosyroseo · adjective, feminine, singularcoordinated with altacolwithcon il · prepositionpreposition marking nasonasonosenaso · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of altaaquilinoaquilineaquilino · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies nasoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationduetwodue · numeralquantifies occhigrandibiggrande · adjective, pluralmodifies occhiocchieyesocchio · noun, masculine, pluralcoordinated with nasorotondiroundrotondo · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies occhilucentishininglucente · adjective, pluralcoordinated with occhiShe too held him tight, almost lifted him off his feet, and said to him:
Anch’tooanche · adverbmodifies strinseellasheella · pronoun, feminine, singularsubject of strinselohimlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of strinsestrinseheld tightstringere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencequasialmostquasi · adverbmodifies sollevòlohimlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of sollevòsollevòliftedsollevare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with strinseeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationglito himgli · pronoun, masculine, singularindirect object of dissedissesaiddire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with strinse- 10
“Promise me at least that you won’t pass through my village.”
Promettimipromise mepromettere · verb, imperative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentencealmenoat leastalmeno · adverbmodifies passeraichethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of passerainonnotnon · adverbmodifies passeraipasseraiwill passpassare · verb, future, indicative, second-person, singularclausal complement of Promettiminelthroughin il · prepositionpreposition marking paesemiomymio · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on paesepaesevillagepaese · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of passerai You know my brother wants to kill you.
Loitlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of saisaiyou knowsapere · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentencechethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of uccideremiomymio · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on fratellofratellobrotherfratello · noun, masculine, singularsubject of vuoletiyouti · pronoun, singulardirect object of ucciderevuolewantsvolere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of uccidereuccidereto killuccidere · verb, infinitiveclausal complement of sai- 11
“He doesn’t know me.”
Egliheegli · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of conoscenonnotnon · adverbmodifies conoscemimemi · pronoun, singulardirect object of conosceconosceknowsconoscere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentence And besides…. what can he do to me? — the young man said, with that contempt which rich Sardinian villagers have for the poor.
Eande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpoibesidespoi · adverbmodifies farchewhatche · pronoun, interrogativedirect object of farpotràcanpotere · auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of farfardofare · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceluihelui · pronoun, masculine, singularemphatic subject of fardissesaiddire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of giovinegiovineyoung mangiovane · noun, masculine, singularsubject of disseconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking disprezzoquelthatquello · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of disprezzodisprezzocontemptdisprezzo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of dissechewhichche · pronoundirect object of hannoitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of paesaniricchirichricco · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies paesanipaesanivillagerspaesano · noun, masculine, pluralsubject of hannosardiSardiniansardo · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies paesanihannohaveavere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, pluralrelative clause on disprezzoperforper · prepositionpreposition marking poveriitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of poveripoveripoorpovero · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of hanno“An ant!”
Formicaan antformica · noun, feminine, singularhead of the phrase- 12
“An ant?”
Formicaan antformica · noun, feminine, singularhead of the phrase You’ll see how that ant can sting! — the girl exclaimed, pushing him away.
Vedraiyou’ll seevedere · verb, future, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentencecomehowcome · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of pungeràtiyouti · pronoun, singulardirect object of pungeràpungeràwill stingpungere · verb, future, indicative, third-person, singularclausal complement of Vedraiquellathatquello · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of formicaformicaantformica · noun, feminine, singularsubject of pungeràesclamòexclaimedesclamare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of fanciullafanciullagirlfanciulla · noun, feminine, singularsubject of esclamòrespingendolopushing him awayrespingere lo · verb, gerundadverbial clause on esclamò“Get close to him and we’ll see!”
Avvicinalobring him closeravvicinare · verb, imperative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsiitsi · pronounimpersonal pronoun with vedràvedràwill be seenvedere · verb, future, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with Avvicinalo- 13
“Enough!” he ordered in a harsh voice.
Bastaenoughbastare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceegliheegli · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of comandòcomandòorderedcomandare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceconincon · prepositionpreposition marking vocevocevoicevoce · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of comandòaspraharshaspro · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies voce But then he softened and lied, with that air of his of an ingenuous child:
Mabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpoithenpoi · adverbmodifies raddolcìsihimselfsi · pronounreflexive pronoun of raddolcìraddolcìsoftenedraddolcire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmentìliedmentire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with raddolcìconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking ariaquellathatquello · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of ariasuahissuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on ariaariaairaria · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of mentìdiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking fanciullofanciullochildfanciullo · noun, masculine, singularmodifies ariaingenuoingenuousingenuo · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies fanciullo- 14
“And besides, won’t I marry you?”
Eande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpoibesidespoi · adverbmodifies sposerònonnotnon · adverbmodifies sposeròtiyouti · pronoun, singulardirect object of sposeròsposeròwill I marrysposare · verb, future, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentence - 15
“When?”
Quandowhenquando · adverbhead of the phrase When the kite hawk weaves the cloth for my wedding shirt?
Quandowhenquando · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tesseràiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of nibbionibbiokite hawknibbio · noun, masculine, singularsubject of tesseràtesseràweavestessere · verb, future, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of telatelaclothtela · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of tesseràperforper · prepositionpreposition marking camicialatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of camiciamiamymio · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on camiciacamiciashirtcamicia · noun, feminine, singularmodifies teladaforda · prepositionpreposition marking sposasposaweddingsposa · noun, feminine, singularmodifies camicia- 16
He laughed.
Egliheegli · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of riseriselaughedridere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentence - 17
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Mauro spurred the horse, up, up, across the frozen plateau.
MauroMauroMauro · proper nounsubject of spronavaspronavaspurredspronare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cavallocavallohorsecavallo · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of spronavasuupsu · adverbmodifies spronavasuupsu · adverbmodifies spronavaattraversoacrossattraverso · prepositionpreposition marking altipianol’theil · determiner, singulardeterminer of altipianoaltipianoplateaualtipiano · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of spronavagelatofrozengelato · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies altipiano The sky sank lower and lower; white clouds passed, heavy and cold as blocks of snow, against the white backdrop of the horizon.
Iltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cielocieloskycielo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of abbassavas’itselfabbassarsi · reflexive pronounreflexive pronoun of abbassavaabbassavasankabbassare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencesemprealwayssempre · adverbmodifies piùpiùmorepiù · adverbmodifies abbassavanuvolecloudsnuvola · noun, feminine, pluralsubject of passavanobianchewhitebianco · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies nuvolepassavanopassedpassare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencepesantiheavypesante · adjective, pluralcomplement of passavanoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfreddecoldfreddo · adjective, feminine, pluralcoordinated with pesanticomeascome · prepositionpreposition marking blocchiblocchiblocksblocco · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of passavanodiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking nevenevesnowneve · noun, feminine, singularmodifies blocchisulloagainst thesu il · prepositionpreposition marking sfondosfondobackdropsfondo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of passavanobiancowhitebianco · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies sfondodell’of thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking orizzonteorizzontehorizonorizzonte · noun, masculine, singularmodifies sfondoThe mountains, in a ring, faced one another livid with cold, sending toward each other enormous gusts of icy wind: the black oaks along the road trembled with powerful shudders, and seemed to want revenge on the weather, lashing the racing clouds with their highest boughs.
Letheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of montagnemontagnemountainsmontagna · noun, feminine, pluralsubject of guardavanoininin · prepositionpreposition marking cerchiocerchioringcerchio · noun, masculine, singularmodifies montagnesieach otherguardarsi · reciprocal pronounreciprocal pronoun of guardavanoguardavanofacedguardare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencelividelividlivido · adjective, feminine, pluralcomplement of guardavanodiwithdi · prepositionpreposition marking freddofreddocoldfreddo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of lividemandandosendingmandare · verb, gerundadverbial clause on guardavanoletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of uneunesomeuno · pronoun, feminine, pluralreciprocal expression referring to montagne"le une ... verso le altre" is a reciprocal expression, "to one another."
versotowardverso · prepositionpreposition marking altreletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of altrealtreothersaltro · pronoun, feminine, pluralobject of versoenormienormousenorme · adjective, pluralmodifies soffisoffigustssoffio · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of mandandodiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking ventoventowindvento · noun, masculine, singularmodifies soffigelatoicygelato · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies ventoletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of querciequercieoaksquercia · noun, feminine, pluralsubject of tremavanonereblacknero · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies quercielungoalonglungo · prepositionpreposition marking stradalatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of stradastradaroadstrada · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of tremavanotremavanotrembledtremare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentenceconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking brividibrividishuddersbrivido · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of tremavanopossentipowerfulpossente · adjective, pluralmodifies brividieande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationparevaseemedparere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with tremavanovolesserowantedvolere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, pluralauxiliary of vendicarsivendicarsitake revengevendicarsi · verb, infinitive, reflexiveclausal complement of parevadelondi il · prepositionpreposition marking tempotempoweathertempo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of vendicarsisferzandolashingsferzare · verb, gerundadverbial clause on vendicarsiconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking frondeletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of frondefrondeboughsfronda · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of sferzandopiùmostpiù · adverbmodifies altealtehighalto · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies frondeletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of nuvolenuvolecloudsnuvola · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of sferzandoininin · prepositionpreposition marking corsacorsarunningcorsa · noun, feminine, singularmodifies nuvole- 19
The resigned words of his young lover kept returning to Mauro’s mind.
Atoa · prepositionpreposition marking MauroMauroMauroMauro · proper nounoblique complement of tornavatornavakept returningtornare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceintoin · prepositionpreposition marking mentementemindmente · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of tornavalatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of frasefrasephrasefrase · noun, feminine, singularsubject of tornavarassegnataresignedrassegnato · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies frasedellaof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking amantesuahissuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on amantegiovineyounggiovine · adjective, singularmodifies amanteamanteloveramante · noun, singularmodifies frase She must have taken it from the old song:
Ellasheella · pronoun, feminine, singularsubject of presadovevamust havedovere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of presaaverlahave itavere la · auxiliary verb, infinitive, with cliticauxiliary of presathe attached clitic "la" is the direct object, "it" (the phrase).
presatakenprendere · verb, past, participle, feminine, singularmain verb of the sentencedallafrom theda il · prepositionpreposition marking canzonevecchiaoldvecchio · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies canzonecanzonesongcanzone · noun, feminine, singularsource complement of presa- 20
“Yes, she is reasonable: that’s why I love her.”
Sìyessì · interjectiondiscourse markerellasheella · pronoun, feminine, singularsubject of ragionevoleèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to ragionevoleragionevolereasonableragionevole · adjective, singularhead of the phraseperciòthat's whyperciò · adverbmodifies voglioleherle · pronoun, feminine, singularindirect object of vogliovogliolovevolere · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentence"volere bene a" is an idiom for "to love", not literally "to want well".
bene(particle)bene · adverbmodifies voglio"volere bene a" is glossed as a unit on "voglio" ("love"); "bene" contributes no separate sense, and the translation has no "dearly" to license the added intensity.
What can one do?
Comehowcome · adverbmodifies fasionesi · pronoundepends on fafadoesfare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceA rich landowner, an only son, an only grandson, an owner of a hundred sheep and two hundred pigs, cannot marry a servant girl, a young stranger from elsewhere….
Unauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of proprietarioriccorichricco · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies proprietarioproprietariolandownerproprietario · noun, masculine, singularsubject of sposarefigliosonfiglio · noun, masculine, singularin apposition to proprietariounicoonlyunico · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies figlionipotegrandsonnipote · noun, singularcoordinated with figliounicoonlyunico · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies nipoteunanuno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of proprietarioproprietarioownerproprietario · noun, masculine, singularsubject of sposarediofdi · prepositionpreposition marking pecorecentoa hundredcento · numeralquantifies pecorepecoresheeppecora · noun, feminine, pluralmodifies proprietarioeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking duecentoduecentotwo hundredduecento · numeralquantifies porciporcipigsporco · noun, masculine, pluralmodifies proprietariononnotnon · adverbmodifies sposarepuòcanpotere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of sposaresposaremarrysposare · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of servaservaservant girlserva · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of sposareunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of giovinettagiovinettayoung girlgiovinetta · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of sposarestranieraforeignstraniero · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies giovinettaOne of my own kind….
Unooneuno · pronoun, masculine, singularhead of the phrasedellaofdi il · prepositionpreposition marking razzamiamymio · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on razzarazzakindrazza · noun, feminine, singularmodifies Uno- 21
However much in love, that is however much he likes his lover, Mauro laughs at the mere thought of having to marry her.
Perhoweverper · prepositionpreposition marking quantoquantomuchquanto · pronoun, masculine, singularconcessive clause modifying rideinnamoratoin loveinnamorato · adjective, masculine, singularpredicate complement of quantocioèthat iscioè · conjunctionlinks the coordinationperhoweverper · prepositionpreposition marking quantoquantomuchquanto · pronoun, masculine, singularconcessive clause coordinated with the first quanto clauselatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of amantesuahissuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on amanteamanteloveramante · noun, singularsubject of piacciaglihimgli · pronoun, masculine, singularindirect object of piacciapiacciapleasespiacere · verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singularmain verb of the quanto clause"piacere" flips subject/object: "gli piaccia" literally "she pleases him" = "he likes her".
MauroMauroMauro · proper nounsubject of rideridelaughsridere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencealat thea il · prepositionpreposition marking pensierosolomeresolo · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies pensieropensierothoughtpensiero · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of ridediofdi · prepositionintroduces the clause of sposaredoverlahaving todovere la · auxiliary verb, infinitive, with cliticauxiliary of sposarethe attached clitic "la" refers to "her" (the lover).
sposaremarrysposare · verb, infinitiveclause modifying pensiero - 22
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All at once the wind ceased, the clouds dissolved, white against the white sky.
Adata · prepositionpreposition marking trattounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of trattotrattomomenttratto · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of cessòiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of ventoventowindvento · noun, masculine, singularsubject of cessòcessòceasedcessare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of nuvolenuvolecloudsnuvola · noun, feminine, pluralsubject of sciolserosithemselvessciogliersi · reflexive pronounreflexive pronoun of sciolserosciolserodissolvedsciogliere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, pluralcoordinated with cessòbianchewhitebianco · adjective, feminine, pluraloblique complement of sciolserosulagainst thesu il · prepositionpreposition marking cielocieloskycielo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of sciolserobiancowhitebianco · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies cielo Here and there some oak, tall and twisted, took on a ghostly rigidity, a somber color; and everything was silence, intense silence, the stillness of waiting.
Quaherequa · adverbmodifies preseeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlàtherelà · adverbcoordinated with Quaqualchesomequalche · determiner, singulardeterminer of querciaquerciaoakquercia · noun, feminine, singularsubject of presealtatallalto · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies querciaeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationcontortatwistedcontorto · adjective, feminine, singularcoordinated with altapresetook onprendere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of rigiditàrigiditàrigidityrigidità · noun, femininedirect object of presespettraleghostlyspettrale · adjective, singularmodifies rigiditàunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of colorecolorecolorcolore · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of presecuposombercupo · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies coloreeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtuttoeverythingtutto · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of silenziofuwasessere · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to silenziosilenziosilencesilenzio · noun, masculine, singularhead of the phrasesilenziosilencesilenzio · noun, masculine, singularcoordinated with silenziointensointenseintenso · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies silenzioimmobilitàstillnessimmobilità · noun, femininecoordinated with silenziodiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking attesaattesawaitingattesa · noun, feminine, singularmodifies immobilitàNot a bird’s trill could be heard; not a leaf’s rustle.
Nonnotnon · adverbmodifies udivasiitselfsi · pronounexpletive with udivaudivawas heardudire · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of trillotrillotrilltrillo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of udivadiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking uccellounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of uccellouccellobirduccello · noun, masculine, singularmodifies trillononnotnon · adverbmodifies susurrounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of susurrosusurrorustlesusurro · noun, masculine, singularhead of the phrasediofdi · prepositionpreposition marking fogliafoglialeaffoglia · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of susurro- 24
“I think this is it!” Mauro thought, sniffing the air.
Mito memi · pronoun, singularindirect object of parepareseemsparere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentence"pare" literally means "seems" (mi pare = it seems to me); "I" of the smooth translation "I think" belongs to "Mi", already glossed "to me" — don't redistribute the English subject onto "pare".
chethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of siamocihereci · pronoun, pluralexpletive with siamosiamoareessere · verb, present, indicative, first-person, pluralclausal complement of parepensòthoughtpensare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceMauroMauroMauro · proper nounsubject of pensòodorandosniffingodorare · verb, gerundadverbial clause on pensòl’theil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of ariaariaairaria · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of odorando And he pulled up his hood.
Eande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsihimselfmettersi · reflexive pronounreflexive pronoun of misemiseput onmettere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cappucciocappucciohoodcappuccio · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of miseA flake of snow, as big as the wing of a little moth, fell on the horse’s ear.
Unaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of faldafaldaflakefalda · noun, feminine, singularsubject of caddediofdi · prepositionpreposition marking nevenevesnowneve · noun, feminine, singularmodifies faldagrandebiggrande · adjective, singularmodifies faldacomeascome · conjunctionintroduces the comparison with alal’theil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of alaalawingala · noun, feminine, singularcomplement of comed’ofdi · prepositionpreposition marking farfallinaunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of farfallinafarfallinalittle butterflyfarfallina · noun, feminine, singularmodifies alacaddefellcadere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencesull’on thesu il · prepositionpreposition marking orecchiaorecchiaearorecchia · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of caddedelof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking cavallocavallohorsecavallo · noun, masculine, singularmodifies orecchiaThe horse shook its ear; millions of white wings whirled through the air.
Iltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cavallocavallohorsecavallo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of scossescosseshookscuotere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencel’theil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of orecchiaorecchiaearorecchia · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of scossemilionimillionsmilione · noun, masculine, pluralsubject of volteggiaronodiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking alialiwingsala · noun, feminine, pluralmodifies milionibianchewhitebianco · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies alivolteggiaronowhirledvolteggiare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentenceperthroughper · prepositionpreposition marking arial’theil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of ariaariaairaria · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of volteggiarono- 25
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On and on he rode; on the tip of the hood of the “rich owner of a hundred sheep” the snow built up a little mountain; the roads disappeared, the oaks, white and black, wrapped in the fine dust of snow, took on a strange look, of masked giants, lying in wait behind the rocks.
Camminawalks oncamminare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentence"Cammina, cammina" is a reduplicated idiom marking continued action, not a command: "on and on he rode".
camminawalks oncamminare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with Camminasullaon thesu il · prepositionpreposition marking puntapuntatippunta · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of costrussedelof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking cappucciocappucciohoodcappuccio · noun, masculine, singularmodifies puntadelof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking proprietarioriccorichricco · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies proprietarioproprietarioownerproprietario · noun, masculine, singularmodifies cappucciodiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking pecorecentoa hundredcento · numeralquantifies pecorepecoresheeppecora · noun, feminine, pluralmodifies proprietariolatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of nevenevesnowneve · noun, feminine, singularsubject of costrussecostrussebuiltcostruire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceArchaic passato remoto form of costruire (modern costruì).
unaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of montagnapiccolalittlepiccolo · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies montagnamontagnamountainmontagna · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of costrusseletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of stradestraderoadsstrada · noun, feminine, pluralsubject of sparironosparironodisappearedsparire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentenceletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of querciequercieoaksquercia · noun, feminine, pluralsubject of preserobianchewhitebianco · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies quercieeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnereblacknero · adjective, feminine, pluralcoordinated with biancheavvoltewrappedavvolgere · verb, past, participle, feminine, pluralparticipial clause modifying querciedalby theda il · prepositionpreposition marking pulviscolopulviscolofine dustpulviscolo · noun, masculine, singularagent of avvoltedellaof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking nevenevesnowneve · noun, feminine, singularmodifies pulviscolopreserotook onprendere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the clause, coordinated with sparironounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of aspettoaspettolookaspetto · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of preserostranostrangestrano · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies aspettodiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking gigantigigantigiantsgigante · noun, masculine, pluralmodifies aspettomascheratimaskedmascherato · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies gigantiininin · prepositionpreposition marking agguatoagguatowaitagguato · noun, masculine, singulardescribes gigantidietrobehinddietro · prepositionpreposition marking roccieletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of roccieroccierocksroccia · noun, feminine, pluralmodifies agguato The day declined, everything turned a violet-gray, the cold grew intense; but the young landowner burst out laughing.
Iltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of giornogiornodaygiorno · noun, masculine, singularsubject of declinòdeclinòdeclineddeclinare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencetuttoeverythingtutto · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of diventòdiventòturneddiventare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with declinòd’intodi · prepositionpreposition marking grigiounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of grigiogrigiograygrigio · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of diventòviolaceovioletviolaceo · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies grigioiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of freddofreddocoldfreddo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of fecesi(reflexive)si · pronounreflexive marker of fecefecegrewfare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with declinòintensointenseintenso · adjective, masculine, singularcomplement of fecemabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of proprietariogiovineyounggiovane · adjective, singularmodifies proprietarioGiovine is an older literary spelling of giovane.
proprietariolandownerproprietario · noun, masculine, singularsubject of misesi(reflexive)si · pronounreflexive marker of misemisestartedmettere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of ridereriderelaughingridere · verb, infinitivecomplement of mise- 27
“We’ve seen worse than this!” he boasted to his horse, which shook its ears and left behind it, more and more slowly, the black prints of its crescent-shaped shoes.
Neof themne · pronounpartitive complement of veduteabbiamohaveavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, pluralauxiliary of veduteveduteseenvedere · verb, past, participle, feminine, pluralmain verb of the sentencealtroworsealtro · pronoun, masculine, singularcomplement of vedutechethanche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the comparison with cosìcosìthiscosì · adverbmodifies altrosi(reflexive)si · pronounreflexive marker of vantòvantòboastedvantarsi · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencecolwith thecon il · prepositionpreposition marking cavallosuohissuo · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on cavallocavallohorsecavallo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of vantòiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of qualequalewhichquale · pronoun, singularsubject of scuotevascuotevashookscuotere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on cavalloletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of orecchieorecchieearsorecchia · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of scuotevaeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlasciavaleftlasciare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with scuotevadietrobehinddietro · adverbpreposition marking sèdi(particle)di · prepositionpart of the phrase dietrosèitselfsè · pronounoblique complement of lasciavasempreeversempre · adverbmodifies piùpiùmorepiù · adverbmodifies lentamentelentamenteslowlylentamente · adverbmodifies lasciavaletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of ormeormeprintsorma · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of lasciavanereblacknero · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies ormedeiof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking ferrisuoiitssuo · determiner, masculine, pluraldepends on ferriferrishoesferro · noun, masculine, pluralmodifies ormefalcaticrescent-shapedfalcato · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies ferri “Do you remember, Cumpanzeddu, when up on the mountains of Oliena we fell into a nurra?”
Ti(reflexive)ti · pronoun, singularreflexive pronoun of ricordiricordido you rememberricordarsi · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceCumpanzedduCumpanzedduCumpanzeddu · proper nounvocative addressquandowhenquando · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of cadutisuion thesu il · prepositionpreposition marking montimontimountainsmonte · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of cadutid’ofdi · prepositionpreposition marking OlienaOlienaOlienaOliena · proper nounmodifies montisiamohaveessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, pluralauxiliary of caduticadutifallencadere · verb, past, participle, masculine, pluralverb of the quando-clause, modifying ricordientrointoentro · prepositionpreposition marking nurraunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of nurranurranurranurra · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of cadutiSardinian dialect word for a rocky hollow or den among boulders.
And they say demons live there….
Eande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlàtherelà · adverbmodifies diconodiconothey saydire · verb, present, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencecithereci · pronounlocative pronoun with sienosienoareessere · verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, pluralmain verb of the clause depending on diconoSieno is an archaic subjunctive form of essere (modern siano).
itheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of demonidemonidemonsdemone · noun, masculine, pluralsubject of sienoDemons are black, snow is white: go on, walk, Cumpanzeddu.
Itheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of demonidemonidemonsdemone · noun, masculine, pluralsubject of sonsonareessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, pluralcopula linking to nerineriblacknero · adjective, masculine, pluralpredicate complement of sonlatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of nevenevesnowneve · noun, feminine, singularsubject of èèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to biancabiancawhitebianco · adjective, feminine, singularpredicate complement of èvago onandare · verb, present, imperative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelàonlà · adverbmodifies vacamminawalkcamminare · verb, present, imperative, second-person, singularcoordinated with vaCumpanzedduCumpanzedduCumpanzeddu · proper nounvocative address- 28
Cumpanzeddu trotted on, but the snow grew ever thicker, unceasing, silent.
CumpanzedduCumpanzedduCumpanzeddu · proper nounsubject of trottavatrottavatrotted ontrottare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencemabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of nevenevesnowneve · noun, feminine, singularsubject of diventavadiventavagrewdiventare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with trottavasempreeversempre · adverbmodifies piùpiùmorepiù · adverbmodifies fittafittathickerfitto · adjective, feminine, singularcomplement of diventavaincessanteunceasingincessante · adjective, singularcoordinated with fittasilenziosasilentsilenzioso · adjective, feminine, singularcoordinated with fitta There was a moment when Mauro, despite his stoicism, had a strange, spellbound impression: it seemed to him that he was destined to ride like this for his whole life, through a mysterious landscape, in the terrible silence of an endless snowfall.
Cithereci · pronounexpletive with fufuwasessere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of momentomomentomomentmomento · noun, masculine, singularsubject of fuininin · prepositionpreposition marking cuicuiwhichcui · pronounoblique complement of ebbeMauroMauroMauro · proper nounsubject of ebbenonostantedespitenonostante · prepositionpreposition marking stoicismoiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of stoicismosuohissuo · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on stoicismostoicismostoicismstoicismo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of ebbeebbehadavere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on momentounaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of impressionestranastrangestrano · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies impressioneimpressioneimpressionimpressione · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of ebbediofdi · prepositionpreposition marking fascinofascinospellfascino · noun, masculine, singularmodifies impressioneglito himgli · pronoun, masculine, singularindirect object of parveparveseemedparere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencedi(that)di · prepositionintroduces the clause of destinatoessereto beessere · auxiliary verb, infinitivepassive auxiliary of destinatodestinatodestineddestinare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularcomplement of parveatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of cavalcarecavalcareridecavalcare · verb, infinitivecomplement of destinatocosìlike thiscosì · adverbmodifies cavalcareperforper · prepositionpreposition marking vitatuttaalltutto · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on vitalatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of vitavitalifevita · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of cavalcareattraversothroughattraverso · prepositionpreposition marking paesaggiounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of paesaggiopaesaggiolandscapepaesaggio · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of cavalcaremisteriosomysteriousmisterioso · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies paesaggionelin thein il · prepositionpreposition marking silenziosilenziosilencesilenzio · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of cavalcareterribileterribleterribile · adjective, singularmodifies silenziodiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking nevicataunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of nevicatanevicatasnowfallnevicata · noun, feminine, singularmodifies silenziointerminabileendlessinterminabile · adjective, singularmodifies nevicata- 29
“Are you sleepy, devil that you are?” he asked himself, yawning.
Haiare youavere · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentence"Hai sonno" is the idiom for "are you sleepy", literally "you have sleep".
sonnosleepysonno · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of Haidiavolodevildiavolo · noun, masculine, singularvocative addressdomandòaskeddomandare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceatoa · prepositionpreposition marking sèsèhimselfsè · pronounoblique complement of domandòstessoselfstesso · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies sèsbadigliandoyawningsbadigliare · verb, gerundadverbial clause on domandò “Shame on you.”
Vergògnatishame on youvergognarsi · verb, imperative, second-person, singular, reflexivemain verb of the sentenceA capable young man like you?
Unauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of giovinegiovineyoung mangiovane · noun, masculine, singularhead of the phrasegiovine is a literary/archaic form of giovane, not a distinct word.
valentecapablevalente · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies giovinecomelikecome · prepositionpreposition marking teteyoute · pronoun, singularoblique complement of valenteWalk on, Cumpanzeddu….
Camminawalk oncamminare · verb, imperative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceCumpanzedduCumpanzedduCumpanzeddu · proper nounvocative address- 30
But despite all his mettle, the cold was overcoming him, giving him a strange, dangerous drowsiness.
Mabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnonostantedespitenonostante · prepositionpreposition marking valentìatuttaalltutto · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on valentìalatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of valentìasuahissuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on valentìavalentìamettlevalentìa · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of nonostanteiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of freddofreddothe coldfreddo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of vincevalohimlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of vincevavincevawas overcomingvincere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencedandogligiving himdare · verb, gerundadverbial clause on vincevagli ('to him') is an enclitic pronoun attached to the gerund dando.
unaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of sonnolenzasonnolenzadrowsinesssonnolenza · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of dandoglistranastrangestrano · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies sonnolenzapericolosadangerouspericoloso · adjective, feminine, singularcoordinated with strana So it occurred to him to drink a sip of grappa, from the little flask which he, though himself a teetotaler, always carried with him on his travels to offer companions or friends he might meet.
Allorathenallora · adverbmodifies venneglito himgli · pronoun, masculine, singularindirect object of vennevenneoccurredvenire · verb, past historic, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencevenire in mente = 'to occur to (someone)', an idiom.
intoin · prepositionpreposition marking mentementemindmente · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of venneditodi · prepositionintroduces the clause of bereberedrinkbere · verb, infinitivecomplement of venneunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of sorsosorsosipsorso · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of bered’ofdi · prepositionpreposition marking acquaviteacquavitegrappaacquavite · noun, feminine, singularmodifies sorsodalfrom theda il · prepositionoblique complement of bere (source)fiaschettoflaskfiaschetto · noun, masculine, singularobject of dal, source complement of berech’whichche · pronoun, relativedirect object of portava, refers to fiaschettoegliheegli · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of portavasebbenethoughsebbene · subordinating conjunctionintroduces concessive clause on portavaastemioa teetotalerastemio · noun, masculine, singularpredicate complement in the sebbene clauseportavacarriedportare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause verb, modifies fiaschettosemprealwayssempre · adverbmodifies portavaconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking sèsèhimselfsé · pronounoblique complement of portavainonin · prepositionpreposition marking viaggioviaggiojourneyviaggio · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of portavapertoper · prepositionintroduces the clause of offrirlooffrirlooffer itoffrire lo · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on portavaaito thea il · prepositionpreposition marking compagnicompagnicompanionscompagno · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of offrirloooro · conjunctionlinks the coordinationaglito thea il · prepositionpreposition marking amiciamicifriendsamico · noun, masculine, pluralcoordinated with compagnichewhomche · pronoun, relativedirect object of incontrare, refers to amici/compagniavrebbewould haveavere · auxiliary verb, conditional, third-person, singularauxiliary of incontrarepotutobeen ablepotere · auxiliary verb, past, participle, masculine, singularauxiliary of incontrareincontraremeetincontrare · verb, infinitiverelative clause on amici- 31
He drank, one, two sips, making nervous grimaces: then he spat against the snow, as a sign of defiance, become cheerful and brave again.
Bevettedrankbere · verb, past historic, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceunooneuno · numeral, masculine, singularquantifies sorsi, coordinated with dueduetwodue · numeralquantifies sorsisorsisipssorso · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of Bevettefacendomakingfare · verb, gerundadverbial clause on Bevettedellesomedi il · prepositionpreposition marking smorfiesmorfiegrimacessmorfia · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of facendonervosenervousnervoso · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies smorfiepoithenpoi · adverbmodifies sputòsputòspatsputare · verb, past historic, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencecontroagainstcontro · prepositionpreposition marking nevelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of nevenevesnowneve · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of sputòinasin · prepositionpreposition marking segnosegnosignsegno · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of sputòdiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking sfidasfidadefiancesfida · noun, feminine, singularmodifies segnoridiventatobecome againridiventare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularcoordinated with sputòallegrocheerfulallegro · adjective, masculine, singularcomplement of ridiventatoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationcoraggiosobravecoraggioso · adjective, masculine, singularcoordinated with allegro “A young man like me, letting himself be caught by the cold!”
Unauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of giovinegiovineyoung mangiovane · noun, masculine, singularhead of the phrasegiovine is a literary/archaic form of giovane.
comelikecome · prepositionpreposition marking memememe · pronoun, singularoblique complement of giovinelasciarsiletting himselflasciare si · verb, infinitiveclause modifying giovinecoglierebe caughtcogliere · verb, infinitivecomplement of lasciarsidalby theda il · prepositionpreposition marking freddofreddocoldfreddo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of cogliereBah!
PuahBahpuah · interjectionhead of the phraseWalk on, Cumpanzeddu!
Camminawalk oncamminare · verb, imperative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceCumpanzedduCumpanzedduCumpanzeddu · proper nounvocative address- 32
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Cumpanzeddu walked on, poor creature, but by now his legs left only white holes in the white snow.
CumpanzedduCumpanzedduCumpanzeddu · proper nounsubject of camminavacamminavawalked oncamminare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencepoverapoorpovero · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies bestiabestiacreaturebestia · noun, feminine, singularappositive to Cumpanzeddumabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationoramaiby noworamai · adverbmodifies lasciavanoletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of zampesuehissuo · determiner, feminine, pluraldepends on zampezampelegszampa · noun, feminine, pluralsubject of lasciavanononnotnon · adverbmodifies lasciavanolasciavanoleftlasciare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluralcoordinated with camminavacheonlyche · particlerestrictive particle with non (only)non...che is a fixed construction meaning 'only', not a true subordinating conjunction here.
buchiholesbuco · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of lasciavanobianchiwhitebianco · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies buchisullaon thesu il · prepositionpreposition marking nevenevesnowneve · noun, feminine, singularmodifies buchibiancawhitebianco · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies neve The mountains vanished, the trees vanished; every trace vanished.
Letheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of montagnemontagnemountainsmontagna · noun, feminine, pluralhead of the phrasescomparsevanishedscomparso · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies montagneglitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of alberialberitreesalbero · noun, masculine, pluralcoordinated with montagnescomparsivanishedscomparso · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies alberiognieveryogni · determiner, singulardeterminer of tracciatracciatracetraccia · noun, feminine, singularcoordinated with montagnescomparsavanishedscomparso · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies tracciaMauro found himself suspended between the white sky and the white earth, in a dense atmosphere, or rather, in a moving, silent cloud of frozen snow.
MauroMauroMauro · proper nounsubject of trovavasihimselfsi · pronounreflexive object of trovavatrovavafound himselftrovare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencesospesosuspendedsospendere · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularpredicate complement of trovavafrabetweenfra · prepositionpreposition marking cieloiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cielocieloskycielo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of sospesobiancowhitebianco · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies cieloeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of terraterraearthterra · noun, feminine, singularcoordinated with cielobiancawhitebianco · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies terraininin · prepositionpreposition marking atmosferaun’auno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of atmosferaatmosferaatmosphereatmosfera · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of sospesodensadensedenso · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies atmosferaooro · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmegliorathermeglio · adverbmodifies the clause (o meglio = 'or rather')ininin · prepositionpreposition marking nuvolaunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of nuvolanuvolacloudnuvola · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of sospesomobilemovingmobile · adjective, singularmodifies nuvolaeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsilenziosasilentsilenzioso · adjective, feminine, singularcoordinated with mobilediofdi · prepositionpreposition marking nevenevesnowneve · noun, feminine, singularmodifies nuvolaghiacciatafrozenghiacciato · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies neveAt times it seemed to him that he was riding against a marble wall, and a vague unease began to trouble him.
Talvoltaat timestalvolta · adverbmodifies sembravaglito himgli · pronoun, masculine, singularindirect object of sembravasembravaseemedsembrare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceditodi · prepositionintroduces the clause of andareandareridingandare · verb, infinitivecomplement of sembravacontroagainstcontro · prepositionpreposition marking muragliaunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of muragliamuragliawallmuraglia · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of andaremarmoreamarblemarmoreo · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies muragliaeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of turbamentovagovaguevago · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies turbamentoturbamentouneaseturbamento · noun, masculine, singularsubject of cominciavacominciavabegancominciare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with sembravaatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of infastidirloinfastidirlotrouble himinfastidire lo · verb, infinitivecomplement of cominciava- 34
“Could you have lost your way, devil?”
CheCould it beche · particleintroduces the doubtful rhetorical question'Che' plus a subjunctive verb introduces a doubtful rhetorical question, literally 'that...?'.
tiyourselfti · pronoun, singularreflexive object of sii smarritosiihaveessere · auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, second-person, singularauxiliary of smarritosmarritolost your waysmarrire · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentence (with sii)diavolodevildiavolo · noun, masculine, singularvocative address A young man like you, a gentleman, a lion?
Unauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of giovanegiovaneyoung mangiovane · noun, masculine, singularhead of the phrasecomelikecome · prepositionpreposition marking teteyoute · pronoun, singularoblique complement of giovaneunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of galantuomogalantuomogentlemangalantuomo · noun, masculine, singularappositive, parallel to giovane (describes te)unauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of leoneleonelionleone · noun, masculine, singularappositive, parallel to giovane (describes te)Bah!
PuahBahpuah · interjectionhead of the phrase- 35
Sleep kept overtaking him, with confused dreams, sweet and frightening at once.
Iltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of sonnosonnosleepsonno · noun, masculine, singularsubject of riprendevalohimlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of riprendevariprendevakept overtakingriprendere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking sognisognidreamssogno · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of riprendevaconfusiconfusedconfuso · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies sognidolcisweetdolce · adjective, pluralcoordinated with confusieande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpaurosifrighteningpauroso · adjective, masculine, pluralcoordinated with confusinelloat thein il · prepositionpreposition marking tempostessosamestesso · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies tempotempotimetempo · noun, masculine, singularmodifies the coordinated adjectives (dolci e paurosi) It seemed to him that he was in his big kitchen, on the thick rush mat.
Glito himgli · pronoun, masculine, singularindirect object of parevaparevaseemedparere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencedithatdi · prepositionintroduces the clause of trovarsitrovarsito betrovare si · verb, infinitivecomplement of parevanellain thein il · prepositionpreposition marking cucinasuahissuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on cucinagrandebiggrande · adjective, singularmodifies cucinacucinakitchencucina · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of trovarsisullaon thesu il · prepositionpreposition marking stuoiagrossathickgrosso · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies stuoiastuoiamatstuoia · noun, feminine, singularcoordinated with cucinadiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking giunchigiunchirushesgiunco · noun, masculine, pluralmodifies stuoiaHe couldn’t move: his feet were heavy.
Nonnotnon · adverbmodifies muoversipotevacouldpotere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of muoversimuoversimovemuovere si · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceavevahadavere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of piedipiedifeetpiede · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of avevapesantiheavypesante · adjective, pluralmodifies piediThe young servant girl was caressing him, but her hands were icy cold, and they froze his face….
Latheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of servagiovineyounggiovane · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies servaservaservant girlserva · noun, feminine, singularsubject of accarezzavalohimlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of accarezzavaaccarezzavawas caressingaccarezzare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencemabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of manisuehersuo · determiner, feminine, pluraldepends on manimanihandsmano · noun, feminine, pluralsubject of eranoeranowereessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluralcopula linking to freddefreddecoldfreddo · adjective, feminine, pluralpredicate complement of eranogelatefrozengelato · adjective, feminine, pluralintensifies freddeeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationglihimlo · pronoun, masculine, singularindirect object of agghiacciavanoagghiacciavanofrozeagghiacciare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluralcoordinated with erano (mani, implied)iltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of visovisofaceviso · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of agghiacciavanoAt the back of the kitchen a wall of snow was rising.
Inatin · prepositionpreposition marking fondofondobackfondo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of elevavaallaof thea il · prepositionpreposition marking cucinacucinakitchencucina · noun, feminine, singularmodifies fondos’itselfsi · pronoun, reflexivereflexive pronoun of elevavaelevavawas risingelevare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of muragliamuragliawallmuraglia · noun, feminine, singularsubject of elevavadiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking nevenevesnowneve · noun, feminine, singularmodifies muraglia- 36
“I must drink again….”
Bisognamustbisognare · verb, impersonal, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceImpersonal verb, literally "it is necessary"; rendered as "I must" to match the sense.
beredrinkbere · verb, infinitivecomplement of Bisognaancoraagainancora · adverbmodifies bere - 37
As he bent to take the flask from his saddlebag he noticed that on top of his foot the snow had deposited a little cone.
Nelasin il · prepositionpreposition marking curvarsicurvarsihe bentcurvarsi · verb, infinitive, reflexiveverb of the temporal clause introduced by Nelpertoper · prepositionintroduces the clause of prendereprenderetakeprendere · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on curvarsiiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of flaschettoflaschettoflaskfiaschetto · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of prendereOlder spelling of "fiaschetto" (small flask).
dallafrom theda il · prepositionpreposition marking bisacciabisacciasaddlebagbisaccia · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of prenderes’himselfsi · pronoun, reflexivereflexive pronoun of accorseaccorsenoticedaccorgersi · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencechethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of depostosopraon top ofsopra · prepositionpreposition marking piedeiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of piedesuohissuo · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on piedepiedefootpiede · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of depostolatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of nevenevesnowneve · noun, feminine, singularsubject of depostoavevahadavere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of depostodepostodepositeddeporre · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularclausal complement of accorseunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of conopiccololittlepiccolo · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies conoconoconecono · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of deposto - 38
“So that’s why my feet are heavy.”
Eccothat'secco · adverbcombines with perchè for the idiom "that's why""Ecco perché" together form the idiom "that's why".
perchèwhyperché · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hohohaveavere · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceimyil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of piedipiedifeetpiede · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of hopesantiheavypesante · adjective, pluralmodifies piedi It’s strange; it seems to me that I’m cold.
Èisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to stranostranostrangestrano · adjective, masculine, singularhead of the phrasemito memi · pronoun, singularindirect object of parepareseemsparere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencechethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of freddoioIio · pronoun, singularsubject of freddoabbiaamavere · auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, first-person, singularauxiliary of freddofreddocoldfreddo · adjective, masculine, singularclausal complement of pareI?
IoIio · pronoun, singularhead of the phraseShame on you, Maureddu Corrias, shame on you for being cold.
Vergògnatishame on youvergognarsi · verb, imperative, second-person, singular, reflexivemain verb of the sentenceReflexive imperative of "vergognarsi" (to be ashamed), with the pronoun "ti" attached.
MauredduMauredduMaureddu · proper nounvocative addressCorriasCorriasCorrias · proper noundepends on Mauredduvergògnatishame on youvergognarsi · verb, imperative, second-person, singular, reflexiverepeated for emphasis, coordinated with Vergògnatidifordi · prepositionintroduces the clause of freddoaverbeingavere · auxiliary verb, infinitiveauxiliary of freddofreddocoldfreddo · adjective, masculine, singularcomplement of aver- 39
He drank, shook his legs, and looked around.
Bevettedrankbere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencescosseshookscuotere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with Bevettelehisil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of gambegambelegsgamba · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of scosseeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsihimselfsi · pronoun, reflexivereflexive pronoun of guardòguardòlookedguardare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with scosseattornoaroundattorno · adverbmodifies guardò It was already night: a bright night with no light, no air, no horizon: a cloud.
Erawasessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to nottegiàalreadygià · adverbmodifies Eranottenightnotte · noun, feminine, singularhead of the phraseunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of nottenottenightnotte · noun, feminine, singularhead of the phrasechiarabrightchiaro · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies nottesenzawithoutsenza · prepositionpreposition marking lucelucelightluce · noun, feminine, singularmodifies nottesenz’withoutsenza · prepositionpreposition marking ariaariaairaria · noun, feminine, singularcoordinated with lucesenzawithoutsenza · prepositionpreposition marking orizzonteorizzontehorizonorizzonte · noun, masculine, singularmodifies notteunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of nuvolanuvolacloudnuvola · noun, feminine, singularhead of the phraseBut the wall there, in the distance, had turned gray, with a red point at its center.
Mabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of muragliamuragliawallmuraglia · noun, feminine, singularsubject of diventatalàtherelà · adverbmodifies muragliaininin · prepositionpreposition marking fondofondodistancefondo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of diventataerahadessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of diventatadiventataturneddiventare · verb, past, participle, feminine, singularmain verb of the sentencegrigiagraygrigio · adjective, feminine, singularcomplement of diventataconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking puntounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of puntopuntopointpunto · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of diventatarossoredrosso · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies puntonelatin il · prepositionpreposition marking centrocentrocentercentro · noun, masculine, singularmodifies puntoThe horse, now sinking almost to mid-leg in snow soft as foam, was heading toward the red point.
Iltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cavallocavallohorsecavallo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of dirigevachewhichche · pronoun, relativesubject of affondavaoranowora · adverbmodifies affondavaaffondavawas sinkingaffondare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on cavallofinrightfino · adverbintensifies quasi a metàquasialmostquasi · adverbmodifies metàatoa · prepositionpreposition marking metàmetàmidmetà · noun, feminineoblique complement of affondavagambaleggamba · noun, feminine, singularcompound with metànellain thein il · prepositionpreposition marking nevenevesnowneve · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of affondavamorbidasoftmorbido · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies nevecomeascome · prepositionpreposition marking spumaspumafoamspuma · noun, feminine, singularmodifies nevesiitselfsi · pronoun, reflexivereflexive pronoun of dirigevadirigevawas headingdirigere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceversotowardverso · prepositionpreposition marking puntoiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of puntopuntopointpunto · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of dirigevarossoredrosso · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies punto- 40
*
- 41
It was the road-keeper’s house.
Erawasessere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to cantonieralatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of cantonieracantonieraroad-keeper's housecantoniera · noun, feminine, singularhead of the phraseA cantoniera is the roadman's lodge along a rural highway.
Cumpanzeddu stopped under the little red-lit window, and Mauro did not have the courage to spur him on.
CumpanzedduCumpanzedduCumpanzeddu · proper nounsubject of fermòSardinian name for the horse, roughly "little companion".
siitselfsi · pronoun, reflexivereflexive pronoun of fermòfermòstoppedfermare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencesottoundersotto · prepositionpreposition marking fìnestruolalatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of fìnestruolafìnestruolalittle windowfìnestruola · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of fermòrossaredrosso · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies fìnestruolaeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationMauroMauroMauro · proper nounsubject of ebbenonnotnon · adverbmodifies ebbeebbehadavere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with fermòiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of coraggiocoraggiocouragecoraggio · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of ebbeditodi · prepositionintroduces the clause of spronarlospronarlospur him onspronare lo · verb, infinitiveclause modifying coraggio- 42
“As for me, I would have gone on,” he thought proudly.
Peras forper · prepositionpreposition marking memememe · pronoun, singularoblique complement of proseguitoavreiwould haveavere · auxiliary verb, present, conditional, first-person, singularauxiliary of proseguitoproseguitogone onproseguire · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the quoted clausepensòthoughtpensare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencefieramenteproudlyfieramente · adverbmodifies pensò “I’ve seen worse than a bit of snow!”
Altroworsealtro · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of visto (fronted)chethanche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vistounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of po’po’bitpoco · adverbmodifies nevediofdi · prepositionpreposition marking nevenevesnowneve · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of vistohohaveavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularauxiliary of vistovistoseenvedere · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentenceioIio · pronoun, singularsubject of vistoBut this poor devil of a beast can’t go on.
Mabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationquestathisquesto · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of diavolapoverapoorpovero · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies diavoladiavoladevildiavola · noun, feminine, singularsubject of andardiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking bestiabestiabeastbestia · noun, feminine, singularmodifies diavolanonnotnon · adverbmodifies puòpuòcanpotere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of andarandargoandare · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceavantionavanti · adverbmodifies andar- 43
Without dismounting he struck the door with his heel.
Senzawithoutsenza · prepositionintroduces the clause of smontaresmontaredismountingsmontare · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on battèbattèstruckbattere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceOlder accented spelling of "batté" (passato remoto of battere).
colwithcon il · prepositionpreposition marking taccotaccoheeltacco · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of battèlatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of portaportadoorporta · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of battè - 44
“Who is it?” cried a child’s voice.
Chiwhochi · pronounhead of the phraseèisessere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to Chigridòcriedgridare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of vocevocevoicevoce · noun, feminine, singularsubject of gridòdiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking bimbobimbochildbimbo · noun, masculine, singularmodifies voce - 45
Mauro struck again, high-handedly: to a lion like him the door ought to be opened without asking “who is it?”
MauroMauroMauro · proper nounsubject of battèbattèstruckbattere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceancoraagainancora · adverbmodifies battèconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking prepotenzaprepotenzahigh-handednessprepotenza · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of battèatoa · prepositionpreposition marking leoneunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of leoneleonelionleone · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of aprircomelikecome · prepositionmodifies leone (comparison)luihimlui · pronoun, masculine, singularcomplement of comesibesi · pronoun, passivepassive marker of doveva aprirPassive si construction: "si doveva aprire" = "was to be opened".
dovevaought todovere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of aprirapriropenedaprire · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of portaportadoorporta · noun, feminine, singularsubject of aprirsenzawithoutsenza · prepositionintroduces the clause of domandaredomandareaskingdomandare · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on aprirchiwhochi · pronoun, singularsubject of èèisessere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to chi - 46
“Who is it?” cried a woman’s voice.
Chiwhochi · pronounhead of the phraseèisessere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to Chigridòcriedgridare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of vocevocevoicevoce · noun, feminine, singularsubject of gridòdiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking donnadonnawomandonna · noun, feminine, singularmodifies voce - 47
Mauro struck harder.
MauroMauroMauro · proper nounsubject of battèbattèstruckbattere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencepiùmorepiù · adverbmodifies fortefortehardforte · adjective, singularcomplement of battè - 48
“But who is it?” a man’s voice shouted.
MaButma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationchiwhochi · pronounsubject of èèisessere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceurlòshoutedurlare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of vocevocevoicevoce · noun, feminine, singularsubject of urlòd’ofdi · prepositionpreposition marking uomouomomanuomo · noun, masculine, singularmodifies voce - 49
“Gentlemen!” the traveler answered.
GalantuominiGentlemengalantuomo · noun, masculine, pluralhead of the phraserisposeansweredrispondere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of viandanteviandantetravelerviandante · noun, singularsubject of rispose - 50
At once the door was thrown open, and he added with contempt: “oh, are you afraid someone will steal your silver cutlery?”
SubitoAt oncesubito · adverbmodifies spalancòlatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of portaportadoorporta · noun, feminine, singularsubject of spalancòsiitselfsi · pronounreflexive/passive marker with spalancòsi spalancò is a mediopassive: the door "flung itself" open.
spalancòflew openspalancare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceedande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationegliheegli · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of aggiunseaggiunseaddedaggiungere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with spalancòconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking disprezzodisprezzocontemptdisprezzo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of aggiunseohohoh · interjectionpart of the phrase —chethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of aveteavetehaveavere · verb, present, indicative, second-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencepaurafearpaura · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of aveteviyouvi · pronoun, pluralindirect object of rubinorubinostealrubare · verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, pluralverb of the clause dependent on pauraletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of posateposatecutleryposata · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of rubinod’ofdi · prepositionpreposition marking argentoargentosilverargento · noun, masculine, singularmodifies posate - 51
“My handsome fellow,” answered the road-keeper’s wife, a beautiful woman in costume, with a child in her arms, “we have no silver cutlery, but when we ask ‘who is it?’ people answer us all the same.”
BelloHandsome onebello · adjective, masculine, singularvocative term of address, head of the phrasemiomymio · determiner, masculine, singularmodifies Bellorisposeansweredrispondere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of cantonieracantonieraroad-keeper’s wifecantoniera · noun, feminine, singularsubject of risposeunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of donnabellabeautifulbello · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies donnadonnawomandonna · noun, feminine, singularin apposition to cantonieraininin · prepositionpreposition marking costumecostumecostumecostume · noun, masculine, singularmodifies donnaconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking bimbounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of bimbobimbochildbimbo · noun, masculine, singulardescribes donnaininin · prepositionpreposition marking bracciobraccioher armsbraccio · noun, masculine, singularmodifies bimbonoiwenoi · pronoun, pluralsubject of abbiamononnotnon · adverbmodifies abbiamoabbiamohaveavere · verb, present, indicative, first-person, pluralmain verb of the sentenceposatecutleryposata · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of abbiamod’ofdi · prepositionpreposition marking argentoargentosilverargento · noun, masculine, singularmodifies posatemabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationquandowhenquando · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of domandiamodomandiamoaskdomandare · verb, present, indicative, first-person, pluralmain verb of the quando-clausechiwhochi · pronoun, singularsubject of èèisessere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the quoted question, object of domandiamociusci · pronoun, pluralindirect object of rispondonorispondonoanswerrispondere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentenceugualmenteall the sameugualmente · adverbmodifies rispondono What do you want?
CosaWhatcosa · pronoun, singulardirect object of vuoivuoido you wantvolere · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentence- 52
“To sleep here.”
DormireTo sleepdormire · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentencequiherequi · adverbmodifies Dormire Road-keepers’ cottages belong to travelers!
LeTheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of cantonierecantonierecottagescantoniera · noun, feminine, pluralsubject of sonosonobelongessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencedeitodi · prepositionpreposition marking viandantiviandantitravelersviandante · noun, masculine, pluralhead of the phrase- 53
The road-keeper’s wife, that is the wife of the road-keeper, must have recognized in the young man a rich villager, one of those who are respected and command respect, for she did not answer back.
LaTheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of cantonieracantonieraroad-keeper’s wifecantoniera · noun, feminine, singularsubject of dovettecioèthat iscioè · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of mogliemogliewifemoglie · noun, feminine, singularin apposition to cantonieradelof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking cantonierecantoniereroad-keepercantoniere · noun, masculine, singularmodifies mogliedovettemust havedovere · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of riconoscerericonoscererecognizedriconoscere · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentencenelin thein il · prepositionpreposition marking giovinegiovineyoung mangiovine · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of riconoscereunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of paesanoriccorichricco · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies paesanopaesanovillagerpaesano · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of riconoscereunooneuno · pronoun, masculine, singularin apposition to paesanodiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking quelliquellithosequello · pronoun, masculine, pluralmodifies unochewhoche · pronounsubject of rispettanosiaresi · pronounpassive marker with rispettanosi rispettano is a passive-reflexive: "are respected."
rispettanorespectedrispettare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, pluralrelative clause on quellieande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsithemselvessi · pronoundepends on fannofannomakefare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, pluralcoordinated with rispettanorispettarerespectedrispettare · verb, infinitiveclausal complement of fannoperchèforperché · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of replicònonnotnon · adverbmodifies replicòreplicòanswer backreplicare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularadverbial clause on dovette She only said, amiably:
SoloOnlysolo · adverbmodifies dissedissesaiddire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceamabilmenteamiablyamabilmente · adverbmodifies disse- 54
“Road-keepers’ cottages belong to the king, but to the road-keeper too; still, if you want to dismount and are content with little, you are welcome indeed.”
LeTheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of cantonierecantonierecottagescantoniera · noun, feminine, pluralsubject of sonosonobelongessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencedelto thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking rerekingre · noun, masculinehead of the phrasemabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationanchealsoanche · adverbmodifies cantonieredelto thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking cantonierecantoniereroad-keepercantoniere · noun, masculine, singularcoordinated with reseifse · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of smontaretuyoutu · pronoun, singularsubject of smontareperòhoweverperò · adverbmodifies smontarevuoiwantvolere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularauxiliary of smontaresmontareto dismountsmontare · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtiyourselfti · pronoun, singularreflexive object of contenticontenticontentcontentare · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularcoordinated with smontarediwithdi · prepositionpreposition marking pocopocolittlepoco · pronoun, masculine, singularoblique complement of contentisiibeessere · verb, imperative, second-person, singularcoordinated with smontarepureindeedpure · adverbmodifies benvenutoiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of benvenutobenvenutowelcomebenvenuto · noun, masculine, singularpredicate complement of sii - 55
He dismounted, had the horse tied up, then went into the kitchen, stamping his feet and shaking the snow off his coat.
EgliHeegli · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of smontòsmontòdismountedsmontare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencefecehadfare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with smontòlegaretiedlegare · verb, infinitiveclausal complement of feceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cavallocavallohorsecavallo · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of legarepoithenpoi · adverbmodifies entròentròwent inentrare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with smontònellainto thein il · prepositionpreposition marking cucinacucinakitchencucina · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of entròpestandostampingpestare · verb, gerundadverbial clause on smontòihisil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of piedipiedifeetpiede · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of pestandoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationscuotendosishaking offscuotersi · verb, gerundcoordinated with pestandolatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of nevenevesnowneve · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of scuotendosidaloff hisda il · prepositionpreposition marking cappottocappottocoatcappotto · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of scuotendosi A small fire barely lit the poor, cold room.
UnAuno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of fuocopiccolosmallpiccolo · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies fuocofuocofirefuoco · noun, masculine, singularsubject of rischiaravarischiaravalitrischiarare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceappenabarelyappena · adverbmodifies rischiaraval’theil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of ambienteambienteroomambiente · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of rischiaravamiseropoormisero · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies ambienteeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfreddocoldfreddo · adjective, masculine, singularcoordinated with miseroA man, tall and strong, was sitting in a corner, and at first, seeing him dressed as a commoner, in an old suit of yellowish fustian, Mauro took him for the road-keeper.
UnAuno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of uomouomomanuomo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of sedutoaltotallalto · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies uomoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfortestrongforte · adjective, singularcoordinated with altostavawasstare · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of sedutosedutosittingsedere · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentenceininin · prepositionpreposition marking angolounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of angoloangolocornerangolo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of sedutoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsulleatsu il · prepositionpart of the idiom sulle primesulle prime is an idiom meaning "at first."
primefirstprimo · adjective, feminine, pluralcompletes the idiom sulle primeMauroMauroMauro · proper nounsubject of credettevedendoloseeing himvedere · verb, gerundadverbial clause on credettethe clitic -lo ("him") is attached to the gerund.
vestitodressedvestire · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularpredicate complement of vedendolo describing lodaasda · prepositionpreposition marking borgheseborghesea commonerborghese · noun, singularoblique complement of vestitoconincon · prepositionpreposition marking abitounanuno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of abitovecchiooldvecchio · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies abitoabitosuitabito · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of vedendolodiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking fustagnofustagnofustianfustagno · noun, masculine, singularmodifies abitogiallognoloyellowishgiallognolo · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies fustagnolohimlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of credettecredettetook forcredere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with stavailtheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cantonierecantoniereroad-keepercantoniere · noun, masculine, singularpredicate complement of credette- 56
“Good health to you,” said the young landowner, become good-natured and kind again, “it’s devilish weather!”
SaluteGood healthsalute · noun, feminine, singularhead of the phrase, greetingdissesaiddire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of proprietariogiovineyounggiovine · adjective, singularmodifies proprietarioproprietariolandownerproprietario · noun, masculine, singularsubject of disseridiventatobecome againridiventare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singulardescribes proprietariobuonogood-naturedbuono · adjective, masculine, singularcomplement of ridiventatoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgentilekindgentile · adjective, singularcoordinated with buonoèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of tempotempoweathertempo · noun, masculine, singularpredicate noun of èdelof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking diavolodiavolodevildiavolo · noun, masculine, singularmodifies tempo Who knows what time it is!
ChiWhochi · pronounsubject of sasaknowssapere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencechewhatche · determiner, interrogativemodifies oraoratimeora · noun, feminine, singularsubject of èèisessere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularclausal complement of sa- 57
“It must be seven, I think,” answered the road-keeper’s wife, standing by the fire, with the child in her arms.
SarannoIt must beessere · auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentenceletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of settesettesevensette · numeralpredicate complement of SarannocredoI thinkcredere · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularparallel clause to risposerisposeansweredrispondere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of cantonieracantonieraroad-keeper’s wifecantoniera · noun, feminine, singularsubject of risposerittastandingritto · adjective, feminine, singulardescribes cantonieraaccantonext toaccanto · prepositionpreposition marking fuocoalthea il · prepositiondeterminer of fuocofuocofirefuoco · noun, masculine, singularmodifies rittacolwith thecon il · prepositionpreposition marking bambinobambinochildbambino · noun, masculine, singulardescribes cantonieraininin · prepositionpreposition marking bracciobraccioher armsbraccio · noun, masculine, singularmodifies bambino “My husband, who has gone to Nuoro, has taken the clock away with him.”
Miomymio · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on maritomaritohusbandmarito · noun, masculine, singularsubject of portatochewhoche · pronounsubject of andatoèhasessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of andatoandatogoneandare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularrelative clause on maritoatoa · prepositionpreposition marking NuoroNuoroNuoroNuoro · proper nounoblique complement of andatos’with himsi · pronoun, reflexivereflexive particle of portatoportarsi via = to take away with oneself; the reflexive marks he took it for himself.
èhasessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of portatoportatotakenportare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentenceviaawayvia · adverbmodifies portatol’theil · determiner, singulardeterminer of orologioorologioclockorologio · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of portato- 58
Then Mauro looked at the man and felt a strange impression: it seemed to him he had already seen him somewhere, but he could not recall when or where.
Allorathenallora · adverbmodifies guardòMauroMauroMauro · proper nounsubject of guardòguardòlooked atguardare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencel’theil · determiner, singulardeterminer of uomouomomanuomo · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of guardòeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationprovòfeltprovare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with guardòunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of impressionestranastrangestrano · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies impressioneimpressioneimpressionimpressione · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of provòglito himgli · pronoun, masculine, singularindirect object of parveparveseemedparere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceaverlohave himavere lo · auxiliary verb, infinitiveauxiliary of vedutogiàalreadygià · adverbmodifies vedutovedutoseenvedere · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularcomplement of parveininin · prepositionpreposition marking postoqualchesomequalche · determiner, singulardeterminer of postopostoplaceposto · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of vedutomabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnonnotnon · adverbmodifies ricordòricordòrecalledricordare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with parvequandowhenquando · adverbmodifies ricordònènorné · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdovewheredove · adverbcoordinated with quando - 59
“This one too is a traveler,” the woman explained, “a traveler more unfortunate than you.”
Anchetooanche · adverbmodifies questoquestothis onequesto · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of èèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to viandanteunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of viandanteviandantetravelerviandante · noun, singularpredicate complement of èspiegòexplainedspiegare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of donnadonnawomandonna · noun, feminine, singularsubject of spiegòunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of viandanteviandantetravelerviandante · noun, masculine, singularin apposition to viandantepiùmorepiù · adverbmodifies disgraziatodisgraziatounfortunatedisgraziato · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies viandantedithandi · prepositionpreposition marking teteyoute · pronoun, singularobject of di His horse died on him on the road!
Glito himlo · pronoun, masculine, singularindirect object of mortoèhasessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of mortomortodiedmorire · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cavallocavallohorsecavallo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of mortoperonper · prepositionpreposition marking stradalatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of stradastradaroadstrada · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of morto- 60
Mauro laughed.
MauroMauroMauro · proper nounsubject of riseriselaughedridere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentence Then he drew from his saddlebag the flask of grappa and held it out to the man.
Poithenpoi · adverbmodifies trassetrassedrewtrarre · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencedallafrom theda il · prepositionpreposition marking bisacciasuahissuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on bisacciabisacciasaddlebagbisaccia · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of trasseiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of fiaschettofiaschettoflaskfiaschetto · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of trassedell’of thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking acquaviteacquavitegrappaacquavite · noun, feminine, singularmodifies fiaschettoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationloitlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of porseporseheld outporgere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with trasseall’to thea il · prepositionpreposition marking uomouomomanuomo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of porse- 61
The stranger drank, without further ado, wiped his mouth with the back of his hand, gave back the flask.
Lotheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of sconosciutosconosciutostrangersconosciuto · adjective, masculine, singularsubject of bevettebevettedrankbere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencesenz’withoutsenza · prepositionmodifies bevette, forms idiom with altroaltrofurther adoaltro · pronoun, masculine, singularforms idiom senz’altro with senz’senz’altro here is an idiom meaning "without further ado".
sihimselfsi · pronoun, reflexivereflexive particle of pulìpulìwipedpulire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with bevettelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of boccaboccamouthbocca · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of pulìcolwith thecon il · prepositionpreposition marking dorsodorsobackdorso · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of pulìdellaof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking manomanohandmano · noun, feminine, singularmodifies dorsorestituìgave backrestituire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with bevetteiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of fiaschettofiaschettoflaskfiaschetto · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of restituì - 62
“Yes,” he said, “my horse died suddenly, not far from here.”
Sìyessì · interjectiondiscourse markerdissesaiddire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the reporting clauseiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cavallomiomymio · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on cavallocavallohorsecavallo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of mortoèhasessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of mortomortodiedmorire · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentenceimprovvisamentesuddenlyimprovvisamente · adverbmodifies mortopoconot verypoco · adverbmodifies lontanolontanofarlontano · adverbmodifies mortodifromdi · prepositionpreposition marking quiquiherequi · adverbmodifies lontano - 63
“Well, at least the crows will have something to eat, in these days of snow!” observed Mauro, who did not believe the stranger’s lie.
Ehwelleh · interjectiondiscourse markeralmenoat leastalmeno · adverbmodifies corviitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of corvicorvicrowscorvo · noun, masculine, pluralsubject of avrannoavrannowill haveavere · verb, future, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencedisomethingdi · prepositionintroduces the clause of sfamarsi"avere di che" + infinitive is an idiom meaning "to have enough to / something with which to".
chetoche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sfamarsisfamarsifeed themselvessfamare si · verb, infinitiveclausal complement of avrannoininin · prepositionpreposition marking giorniquestithesequesto · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of giornigiornidaysgiorno · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of sfamarsidiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking nevenevesnowneve · noun, feminine, singularmodifies giorniosservòobservedosservare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceMauroMauroMauro · proper nounsubject of osservòchewhoche · pronounsubject of credettenonnotnon · adverbmodifies credettecredettebelievedcredere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on Mauroallato thea il · prepositionpreposition marking bugiabugialiebugia · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of credettedelloof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking sconosciutosconosciutostrangersconosciuto · noun, masculine, singularmodifies bugia “Drink, woman.”
Bevidrinkbere · verb, imperative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentencedonnawomandonna · noun, feminine, singularvocative addressYou don’t want to drink?
Tuyoutu · pronoun, singularsubject of vuoinondon’tnon · adverbmodifies vuoivuoiwantvolere · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentencebereto drinkbere · verb, infinitiveclausal complement of vuoiGive your child a drink: it’ll do him good, I tell you, it’ll do him good.
Fagivefare · verb, imperative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentencefare + infinitive is causative ("make/have someone do"); "fa bere" idiomatically means "give a drink".
beredrinkbere · verb, infinitiveclausal complement of Faalto thea il · prepositionpreposition marking bambinotuoyourtuo · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on bambinobambinochildbambino · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of bereglihimlo · pronoun, masculine, singularindirect object of faràfaràwill dofare · verb, future, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencebenegoodbene · adverbmodifies faràtiyouti · pronoun, singularindirect object of dicodicotelldire · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the parenthetical clauseioIio · pronoun, singularsubject of dicoglihimlo · pronoun, masculine, singularindirect object of faràfaràwill dofare · verb, future, indicative, third-person, singularrepeats faràbenegoodbene · adverbmodifies faràOne must get used to drinking as a child, otherwise one picks up the vice of not drinking, as I have.
Bisognaone mustbisognare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceabituarsiget usedabituare si · verb, infinitiveclausal complement of Bisognadaasda · prepositionpreposition marking bambinibambinichildrenbambino · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of abituarsiatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of bereberedrinkingbere · verb, infinitiveclausal complement of abituarsialtrimentiotherwisealtrimenti · adverbmodifies prendesionesi · pronoun, impersonalexpletive with prendeprendepicks upprendere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the altrimenti clauseiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of vizioviziovicevizio · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of prendediofdi · prepositionintroduces the clause of berenonnotnon · adverbmodifies bereberedrinkingbere · verb, infinitiveclause modifying viziocomeascome · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of presol’itlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of presohohaveavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularauxiliary of presopresotakenprendere · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the come clauseioIio · pronoun, singularsubject of presoAnd you, stranger, will you drink some more?
Eande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtuyoutu · pronoun, singularsubject of bevilotheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of stranierostranierostrangerstraniero · noun, masculine, singularappositive to tubeviwill you drinkbere · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceancoramoreancora · adverbmodifies bevi- 64
The other did not need to be begged.
L’theil · determiner, singulardeterminer of altroaltrootheraltro · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of fecenonnotnon · adverbmodifies fecesihimselfsi · pronoun, reflexivereflexive object of the causative fece pregarefarsi pregare ("to have oneself begged") idiomatically means to need coaxing/persuading.
fecemadefare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencepregarebe beggedpregare · verb, infinitiveclausal complement of fece - 65
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- 66
The road-keeper’s wife retired early and the two men remained alone in the kitchen.
Latheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of cantonieracantonieraroad-keeper’s wifecantoniera · noun, feminine, singularsubject of ritiròsiherselfsi · pronoun, reflexivereflexive particle of ritiròritiròretiredritirare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceprestoearlypresto · adverbmodifies ritiròeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of uominiduetwodue · numeralquantifies uominiuominimenuomo · noun, masculine, pluralsubject of rimaserorimaseroremainedrimanere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, pluralcoordinated with ritiròsolialonesolo · adjective, masculine, pluralcomplement of rimaseronellain thein il · prepositionpreposition marking cucinacucinakitchencucina · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of rimasero Every so often Mauro offered his flask.
Ognieveryogni · determiner, singulardeterminer of tantotantoso oftentanto · noun, masculine, singularforms adverbial phrase ogni tanto modifying offrivaMauroMauroMauro · proper nounsubject of offrivaoffrivaofferedoffrire · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of fiaschettosuohissuo · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on fiaschettofiaschettoflaskfiaschetto · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of offrivaThe other drank: his very black, round eyes, close-set, almost suspended above an aquiline nose, grew bright.
L’theil · determiner, singulardeterminer of altroaltrootheraltro · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of bevevabevevadrankbere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of occhisuoihissuo · determiner, masculine, pluraldepends on occhiocchieyesocchio · noun, masculine, pluralsubject of diventarononerissimivery blacknerissimo · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies occhieande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrotondiroundrotondo · adjective, masculine, pluralcoordinated with nerissimiviciniclose-setvicino · adjective, masculine, pluralcoordinated with nerissimiquasialmostquasi · adverbmodifies sospesisospesisuspendedsospendere · verb, past, participle, masculine, pluralcoordinated with nerissimisopraabovesopra · prepositionpreposition marking nasounanuno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of nasonasonosenaso · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of sospesiaquilinoaquilineaquilino · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies nasodiventaronogrewdiventare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencelucentibrightlucente · adjective, pluralcomplement of diventaronoIn the hearth burned a log that Mauro had gone to dig out of the snow.
Nelin thein il · prepositionpreposition marking focolarefocolarehearthfocolare · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of ardevaardevaburnedardere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of troncotroncologtronco · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of ardevachethatche · pronoundirect object of scovareMauroMauroMauro · proper nounsubject of andatoerahadessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of andatoandatogoneandare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularrelative clause on troncoatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of scovarescovaredig outscovare · verb, infinitivecomplement of andatofrainfra · prepositionpreposition marking nevelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of nevenevesnowneve · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of scovare- 67
A strange thing was happening.
Unaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of cosacosathingcosa · noun, feminine, singularsubject of accadevabizzarrastrangebizzarro · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies cosaaccadevawas happeningaccadere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentence While Mauro, who was not drinking, chattered, boasting and laughing like a drunk, the other man grew more and more silent and withdrawn.
Mentrewhilementre · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of chiacchieravaMauroMauroMauro · proper nounsubject of chiacchieravachewhoche · pronounsubject of bevevanonnotnon · adverbmodifies bevevabevevawas drinkingbere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularadverbial clause on chiacchieravaolder/regional spelling of bere ('to drink')
chiacchieravachatteredchiacchierare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the mentre clausevantandosiboastingvantare si · verb, gerundadverbial clause on chiacchieravaeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationridendolaughingridere · verb, gerundcoordinated with vantandosicomelikecome · prepositionpreposition marking ubbriacounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of ubbriacoubbriacodrunkubriaco · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of ridendoolder spelling of ubriaco ('drunk')
l’theil · determiner, singulardeterminer of altroaltroother onealtro · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of diventavadiventavagrewdiventare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencesempreincreasinglysempre · adverbmodifies piùpiùmorepiù · adverbmodifies taciturnotaciturnosilenttaciturno · adjective, masculine, singularcomplement of diventavaeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationraccoltowithdrawnraccogliere · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularcoordinated with taciturnoInvited by the young landowner he had drawn near the fire: now he sat on the floor, cross-legged, but he was so gigantic that his head, covered by a wet rag of a hat, came up almost to the level of Mauro’s head, seated on a stool.
Invitatoinvitedinvitare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularadverbial clause on avvicinatodalby theda il · prepositionpreposition marking proprietariogiovineyounggiovane · adjective, singularmodifies proprietarioolder spelling of giovane ('young')
proprietariolandownerproprietario · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of avvicinatos’himselfsi · pronounreflexive pronoun of avvicinatoerahadessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of avvicinatoavvicinatodrawn nearavvicinare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentencealto thea il · prepositionpreposition marking fuocofuocofirefuoco · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of avvicinatooranowora · adverbmodifies sedevasedevasatsedere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceperonper · prepositionpreposition marking terraterrathe floorterra · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of sedevaawitha · prepositionpreposition marking gambegambelegsgamba · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of sedevaininin · prepositionpreposition marking crocecrocea crosscroce · noun, feminine, singularmodifies gambemabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationerawasessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to gigantescocosìsocosì · adverbmodifies gigantescogigantescogiganticgigantesco · adjective, masculine, singularpredicate complement of erachethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of arrivavalatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of testasuahissuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on testatestaheadtesta · noun, feminine, singularsubject of arrivavacopertacoveredcoprire · verb, past, participle, feminine, singularclause modifying testadabyda · prepositionpreposition marking cenciounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cenciocencioragcencio · noun, masculine, singularagent of copertadiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking cappellocappellohatcappello · noun, masculine, singularmodifies cenciobagnatowetbagnato · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies cappelloarrivavareachedarrivare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the clause introduced by chequasialmostquasi · adverbmodifies livelloalto thea il · prepositionpreposition marking livellolivellolevellivello · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of arrivavadellaof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking testatestaheadtesta · noun, feminine, singularmodifies livellodiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking MauroMauroMauroMauro · proper nounmodifies testasedutoseatedsedere · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularclause modifying Maurosuonsu · prepositionpreposition marking sgabellounoauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of sgabellosgabellostoolsgabello · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of seduto- 68
“I’m headed toward Bono,” Mauro was telling him.
IoIio · pronoun, singularsubject of vadovadoam goingandare · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the quoted clauseversotowardverso · prepositionpreposition marking BonoBonoBonoBono · proper nounoblique complement of vadoraccontavawas tellingraccontare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceMauroMauroMauro · proper nounsubject of raccontava “I’m looking for a wood of oaks, where there might be plenty of acorns for my pigs.
Vadogoandare · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceininin · prepositionpreposition marking cercacercasearchcerca · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of Vadod’ofdi · prepositionpreposition marking boscounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of boscoboscowoodbosco · noun, masculine, singularmodifies cercadiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking querciequercieoaksquercia · noun, feminine, pluralmodifies boscoovewhereove · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sienocithereci · pronoun, pluralexpletive with sienosienomight beessere · verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, pluraladverbial clause on Vadoarchaic/dialectal subjunctive of essere (= siano)
moltemanymolto · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of ghiandeghiandeacornsghianda · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of sienoperforper · prepositionpreposition marking porciitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of porcimieimymio · determiner, masculine, pluraldepends on porciporcipigsporco · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of sienoI’m willing to pay even three hundred scudi in rent, but I want to fatten my pigs.
Sonoamessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularcopula linking to dispostodispostowillingdisporre · adjective, masculine, singularhead of the phraseatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of pagarepagarepaypagare · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on dispostoancheevenanche · adverbmodifies trecentotrecentothree hundredtrecento · numeralquantifies scudiscudiscudiscudo · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of pagarediindi · prepositionpreposition marking fittofittorentfitto · noun, masculine, singularmodifies scudimabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvogliowantvolere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularauxiliary of ingrassareingrassarefatteningrassare · verb, infinitivecoordinated with pagareitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of porcimieimymio · determiner, masculine, pluraldepends on porciporcipigsporco · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of ingrassareThis year no acorns are to be found around Nuoro.
Quest’thisquesto · determiner, singulardeterminer of annoannoyearanno · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of trovanoaina · prepositionpreposition marking NuoroNuoroNuoroNuoro · proper nounoblique complement of trovanononnotnon · adverbmodifies trovanosiaresi · pronounexpletive with trovanotrovanofoundtrovare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentenceghiandeacornsghianda · noun, feminine, pluralsubject of trovano- 69
“Since you’re from Nuoro,” the man dressed in fustian then said, “do you happen to know a certain Mauro Corrias?”
Tuyoutu · pronoun, singularhead of the phrasechewhoche · pronounsubject of seiseiareessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularcopula linking to nuoresenuoresefrom Nuoronuorese · adjective, singularpredicate complement of seidissesaiddire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceallorathenallora · adverbmodifies dissel’theil · determiner, singulardeterminer of uomouomomanuomo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of dissevestitodressedvestire · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularclause modifying uomodiindi · prepositionpreposition marking fustagnofustagnofustianfustagno · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of vestitoconosciknowconoscere · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the quoted questionperbyper · prepositionpreposition marking casocasochancecaso · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of conosciunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of Maurocertocertaincerto · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies MauroMauroMauroMauro · proper noundirect object of conosciCorriasCorriasCorrias · proper noundepends on Mauro - 70
A dark instinct warned the young man to lie; but he was too vain, and could not.
Unauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of istintooscurodarkoscuro · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies istintoistintoinstinctistinto · noun, masculine, singularsubject of avvertìavvertìwarnedavvertire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of giovinegiovineyoung mangiovane · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of avvertìolder spelling of giovane ('young man')
ditodi · prepositionintroduces the clause of mentirementireliementire · verb, infinitiveclause modifying giovinemabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationegliheegli · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of vanitosoerawasessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to vanitosotroppotootroppo · adverbmodifies vanitosovanitosovainvanitoso · adjective, masculine, singularhead of the phraseeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnonnotnon · adverbmodifies potèpotècouldpotere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with era - 71
“A certain?”
Unauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of certocertocertaincerto · adjective, masculine, singularhead of the phrase A certain one?
Unauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of certocertocertaincerto · adjective, masculine, singularhead of the phraseWhat do you mean, a certain one?
Mabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationchewhatche · pronounhead of the phrasecertocertaincerto · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies cheThere’s only one Mauro Corrias, a gentleman, a lion; and it’s me! — he said frankly.
MauroMauroMauro · proper nountopic of ce n’èCorriasCorriasCorrias · proper noundepends on Maurocethereci · pronounexpletive with èn’of themne · pronounexpletive with è'ce n'è' = 'there is (one) of them' — idiomatic existential construction
èisessere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to unounooneuno · pronoun, masculine, singularpredicate complement of èsoloonlysolo · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies unounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of galantuomogalantuomogentlemangalantuomo · noun, masculine, singularcoordinated with unounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of leoneleonelionleone · noun, masculine, singularcoordinated with unoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsonoamessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularcopula linking to ioioIio · pronoun, singularhead of the phrasedissesaiddire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencefrancamentefranklyfrancamente · adverbmodifies disse“What do you have to say to Mauro Corrias?”
Chewhatche · subordinating conjunctiondirect object of direhaihaveavere · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentencetuyoutu · pronoun, singularsubject of haidatoda · prepositionintroduces the clause of dirediresaydire · verb, infinitiveclausal complement of haiatoa · prepositionpreposition marking MauroMauroMauroMauro · proper nounoblique complement of direCorriasCorriasCorrias · proper noundepends on Mauro- 72
“No; I was just asking: I heard your name mentioned.”
Nonono · interjectionhead of the phrasedomandavowas askingdomandare · verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentencecosìjustcosì · adverbmodifies domandavot’youtu · pronoun, singulardirect object of sentitohohaveavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularauxiliary of sentitosentitoheardsentire · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentencenominarementionednominare · verb, infinitivecomplement of sentito Are you very rich?
Seiareessere · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularcopula linking to riccomoltoverymolto · adverbmodifies riccoriccorichricco · adjective, masculine, singularhead of the phrase- 73
“Sure I’m rich!”
Sicurosuresicuro · adjective, masculine, singularhead of the phrasechethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sonsonamessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularcopula linking to riccoriccorichricco · adjective, masculine, singularclausal complement of Sicuro A hundred pigs, two hundred sheep; everyone respects me.
Centoa hundredcento · numeralquantifies porciporcipigsporco · noun, masculine, pluralhead of the phraseduecentotwo hundredduecento · numeralquantifies pecorepecoresheeppecora · noun, feminine, pluralcoordinated with porcituttieveryonetutto · pronoun, masculine, pluralsubject of rispettanomimemi · pronoun, singulardirect object of rispettanorispettanorespectrispettare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentenceDrink, stranger, what is your trade?
BeviDrinkbere · verb, imperative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelotheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of stranierostranierostrangerstraniero · noun, masculine, singularvocative address to BeviVocative address using the definite article, as often in Italian direct address.
chewhatche · determiner, interrogativedeterminer of arteartetradearte · noun, feminine, singularsubject of èèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking arte and tualatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of tuatuayourstuo · pronoun, feminine, singularpredicate of è- 74
“A farmhand,” the other answered, and went back to fixing his round, bright eyes on the flame.
ContadinoA farmhandcontadino · noun, masculine, singularquoted answer, complement of risposerisposeansweredrispondere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencel’theil · determiner, singulardeterminer of altroaltrothe otheraltro · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of risposeeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtornòwent backtornare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with risposeatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of fissarefissarefixingfissare · verb, infinitivecomplement of tornòsullaon thesu il · prepositionpreposition marking fiammafiammaflamefiamma · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of fissareitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of occhisuoihissuo · determiner, masculine, pluraldepends on occhiocchieyesocchio · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of fissarerotondiroundrotondo · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies occhieande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlucentibrightlucente · adjective, pluralcoordinated with rotondi - 75
Mauro went back to chattering and boasting of his possessions.
MauroMauroMauro · proper nounsubject of ripreseripresewent backriprendere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of chiacchierarechiacchierarechatteringchiacchierare · verb, infinitivecomplement of ripreseeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of vantarevantareboastingvantare · verb, infinitivecoordinated with chiacchierarelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of robasuahissuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on robarobapossessionsroba · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of vantare - 76
“My pigs?”
Itheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of porcimieimymio · determiner, masculine, pluraldepends on porciporcipigsporco · noun, masculine, pluralhead of the phrase The finest in all the woodlands of Nuoro.
Itheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of bellipiùmostpiù · adverbmodifies bellibellifinestbello · adjective, masculine, pluralhead of the phrasedeiof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking saltisaltiwoodlandssalto · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of belli"Salto" is a Sardinian regional term for a stretch of wooded common land, not the standard sense "jump."
diofdi · prepositionpreposition marking NuoroNuoroNuoroNuoro · proper nounmodifies saltiI’ll go all over the island, but I need to find a good wood.
GireròI’ll go aroundgirare · verb, future, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentencetuttaalltutto · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on isolal’theil · determiner, singulardeterminer of isolaisolaislandisola · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of Gireròmabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbisognais necessarybisognare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular, impersonalcoordinated with Gireròchethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of trovitrovifindtrovare · verb, present, subjunctive, first-person, singularclausal complement of bisognaunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of boscobelgoodbello · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies boscoboscowoodbosco · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of troviI have a wood of my own too, up in the mountains of Nuoro, where the axe has never touched a trunk.
HoI haveavere · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of boscoboscowoodbosco · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of Hoanch’tooanche · adverbemphasizes ioioIio · pronoun, singularemphatic restatement of the subject of Hosuion thesu il · prepositionpreposition marking montimontimountainsmonte · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of Hodiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking NuoroNuoroNuoroNuoro · proper nounmodifies montidovewheredove · adverbintroduces the relative clause on montilatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of scurescureaxescure · noun, feminine, singularsubject of sfioratononnotnon · adverbmodifies sfioratohahasavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of sfioratomainevermai · adverbmodifies sfioratosfioratotouchedsfiorare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the relative clause introduced by doveunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of troncotroncotrunktronco · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of sfioratoBut this year there isn’t a single acorn, not even one to use as a target for a rifle shot.
MaButma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationquest’thisquesto · determiner, singulardeterminer of annoannoyearanno · noun, masculine, singulartemporal adjunct of ènonnotnon · adverbmodifies èc’thereci · pronounexpletive with èèisessere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of ghiandaghiandaacornghianda · noun, feminine, singularsubject of èneppurenot evenneppure · adverbmodifies farnepertoper · prepositionintroduces the clause of farnefarnemake of itfare ne · verb, infinitivepurpose clause, modifies ghiandabersagliotargetbersaglio · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of farneadfora · prepositionpreposition marking colpounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of colpocolposhotcolpo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of farnediofdi · prepositionpreposition marking fucilefucileriflefucile · noun, masculine, singularmodifies colpoLast year, yes, it was a good year.
L’theil · determiner, singulardeterminer of annoannoyearanno · noun, masculine, singulartemporal adjunct of erascorsolastscorso · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies annosìyessì · adverbdiscourse markererawasessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to annataunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of annatabuonagoodbuono · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies annataannatayearannata · noun, feminine, singularpredicate complement of era"Annata" specifically means a year's yield/harvest, not just a calendar year.
But the winter was mild and, as a result, this year’s crop is poor.
MaButma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationl’theil · determiner, singulardeterminer of invernoinvernowinterinverno · noun, masculine, singularsubject of fufuwasessere · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to mitemitemildmite · adjective, singularpredicate of fueande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationquest’thisquesto · determiner, singulardeterminer of annoannoyearanno · noun, masculine, singulartemporal adjunct of èinasin · prepositionpreposition marking conseguenzaconseguenzaa resultconseguenza · noun, feminine, singularobject of preposition in, idiom "as a result"l’theil · determiner, singulardeterminer of annataannatacropannata · noun, feminine, singularsubject of èèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to cattivacattivapoorcattivo · adjective, feminine, singularpredicate of èNext year, let’s hope, it will be better.
L’theil · determiner, singulardeterminer of annoannoyearanno · noun, masculine, singularsubject of saràventuronextventuro · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies annosperiamolet’s hopesperare · verb, present, indicative, first-person, pluralparenthetical clausesaràwill beessere · auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to miglioremigliorebettermigliore · adjective, singular, comparativepredicate of saràWhat do you say to that?
Cosawhatcosa · pronoun, singulardirect object of dicineabout itne · pronounoblique complement of dicidicisaydire · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentencetuyoutu · pronoun, singularsubject of dici- 77
“Let’s hope so!” said the other, indifferent.
SperiamoLet’s hope sosperare · verb, present, indicative, first-person, pluralmain verb of the quoted clausedissesaiddire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencel’theil · determiner, singulardeterminer of altroaltrootheraltro · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of disseindifferenteindifferentindifferente · adjective, singularmodifies altro - 78
All at once Mauro laughed, remembering something pleasant.
Aata · prepositionpreposition marking trattounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of trattotrattomomenttratto · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of riseIdiom "a un tratto" = "all at once, suddenly."
MauroMauroMauro · proper nounsubject of riseriselaughedridere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencericordandorememberingricordare · verb, gerundadverbial clause on risequalchesomequalche · determiner, singulardeterminer of cosacosathingcosa · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of ricordandodiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking piacevolepiacevolepleasantpiacevole · adjective, singularmodifies cosa - 79
“Yes, only once did it snow, and it was very cold.”
SìYessì · interjectiondiscourse markerunaoneuno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of voltavoltatimevolta · noun, feminine, singulartemporal adjunct of nevicòsolaonlysolo · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies voltanevicòsnowednevicare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular, impersonalmain verb of the sentenceeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfecewasfare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular, impersonalcoordinated with nevicòmoltoverymolto · adverbmodifies freddofreddocoldfreddo · adjective, masculine, singularcomplement of fece I remember it because….
Loitlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of ricordoricordorememberricordare · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceperchèbecauseperché · conjunctionintroduces the omitted reason clause"Perchè" is the older spelling of "perché."
Ah,” he then asked, “are there pretty women in your village?
AhAhah · interjectiondiscourse markerchieseaskedchiedere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencepoithenpoi · adverbmodifies chiesecithereci · pronounexpletive with sonosonoareessere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the quoted clausebelleprettybello · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies donnedonnewomendonna · noun, feminine, pluralsubject of sonoalin thea il · prepositionpreposition marking paesetuoyourtuo · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on paesepaesevillagepaese · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of sono- 80
“Pretty indeed — to the devil with whoever made them!” said the stranger.
Belleprettybello · adjective, feminine, pluralelliptical predicate (they are pretty)davveroindeeddavvero · adverbmodifies Bellevadamay goandare · verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencealto thea il · prepositionpreposition marking diavolodiavolodevildiavolo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of vadachiwhoeverchi · pronoun, singularsubject of vadalethemlo · pronoun, feminine, pluraldirect object of fattehahasavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of fattefattemadefare · verb, past, participle, feminine, pluralrelative clause on chidissesaiddire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelotheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of stranierostranierostrangerstraniero · noun, masculine, singularsubject of disse - 81
“Why are you cursing?”
PerchèWhyperché · adverbmodifies imprechi"Perchè" is the older spelling of "perché."
imprechicursingimprecare · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentence You must like women a great deal, instead!
Tiyouti · pronoun, singularindirect object of piacerdevonomustdovere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencepiacerpleasepiacere · verb, infinitivecomplement of devonoLiterally "the women must please you"; the translation recasts the piacere construction as "you must like women."
moltogreatlymolto · adverbmodifies piacerinveceinsteadinvece · adverbsentence adverbletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of donnedonnewomendonna · noun, feminine, pluralsubject of devonoA big man like you!
Unauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of omoneomonebig manomone · noun, masculine, singularhead of the phrasecomelikecome · prepositionpreposition marking teteyoute · pronoun, singularobject of preposition comeCome on, then, tell me something….
SuCome onsu · interjectiondiscourse markerviacome onvia · interjectiondiscourse marker, part of the phrase Suraccontamitell meraccontare · verb, imperative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentencequalchesomequalche · determiner, singulardeterminer of cosacosathingcosa · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of raccontamiDrink.
BeviDrinkbere · verb, imperative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentence- 82
The other drank again, and with his hand made a gesture as if to say: “wait, now you’ll hear something….”
L’theil · determiner, singulardeterminer of altroaltrootheraltro · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of bevettebevettedrankbere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceancoraagainancora · adverbmodifies bevetteeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking manolatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of manomanohandmano · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of fecefecemadefare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with bevetteunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cennocennogesturecenno · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of fececomeas ifcome · adverbintroduces the clause of significarepertoper · prepositionintroduces the clause of significaresignificaresaysignificare · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on feceaspettawaitaspettare · verb, imperative, second-person, singularmain verb of the quoted clauseoranowora · adverbmodifies sentiraineof itne · pronounpartitive object of sentiraisentiraiyou’ll hearsentire · verb, future, indicative, second-person, singularparallel clause to aspetta - 83
The young villager’s little puppy-dog eyes lit up with a lively flame.
Glitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of occhiettiocchiettilittle eyesocchietto · noun, masculine, pluralsubject of animaronodalikeda · prepositionpreposition marking cagnolinocagnolinolittle dogcagnolino · noun, masculine, singularmodifies occhiettidelof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking paesanogiovineyounggiovane · adjective, singularmodifies paesanogiovine is a literary/archaic variant of giovane.
paesanovillagerpaesano · noun, masculine, singularpossessor of occhiettis’(reflexive)si · pronounreflexive pronoun of animaronoanimaronolit upanimare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentenced’withdi · prepositionpreposition marking fiammaunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of fiammavivalivelyvivo · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies fiammafiammaflamefiamma · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of animarono He loved women greatly, and whenever he found himself in the company of some friend, his greatest pleasure lay in recalling amorous adventures.
EgliHeegli · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of amavaamavalovedamare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencemoltogreatlymolto · adverbmodifies amavaletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of donnedonnewomendonna · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of amavaeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationquandowheneverquando · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of trovavasihimselfsi · pronounreflexive pronoun of trovavatrovavafoundtrovare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularadverbial clause on consistevaininin · prepositionpreposition marking compagniacompagniacompanycompagnia · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of trovavadiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking amicoqualchesomequalche · determiner, singulardeterminer of amicoamicofriendamico · noun, masculine, singularmodifies compagniailtheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of piaceresuohissuo · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on piaceremaggiorgreatestmaggiore · adjective, singular, comparativemodifies piacerepiacerepleasurepiacere · noun, masculine, singularsubject of consistevaconsistevalayconsistere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with amavanelinin il · prepositionpreposition marking ricordarericordarerecallingricordare · verb, infinitiveoblique complement of consistevaavventureadventuresavventura · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of ricordareamoroseamorousamoroso · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies avventure- 84
“You should know,” the other finally began, “you should know that I am in the service of a rich family, a large family, made up mostly of women.
Devishoulddovere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularauxiliary of saperesapereknowsapere · verb, infinitiveverb of the quoted clausecominciòbegancominciare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencefinalmentefinallyfinalmente · adverbmodifies cominciòl’theil · determiner, singulardeterminer of altroaltrothe otheraltro · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of cominciòdevishoulddovere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularauxiliary of saperesapereknowsapere · verb, infinitiveverb of the second quoted clausechethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stoioIio · pronoun, singularsubject of stostoamstare · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularclausal complement of saperealin thea il · prepositionpreposition marking servizioservizioserviceservizio · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of stodiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking famigliaunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of famigliariccarichricco · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies famigliafamigliafamilyfamiglia · noun, feminine, singularmodifies serviziounaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of famigliafamigliafamilyfamiglia · noun, feminine, singularappositive to famiglianumerosalargenumeroso · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies famigliacompostamade upcomporre · verb, past, participle, feminine, singularclause modifying famigliaperforper · prepositionpreposition marking piùidiom "per lo più" = "mostly".
lotheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of piùpiùmostpiù · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of compostadiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking donnedonnewomendonna · noun, feminine, pluralmodifies più Besides the mistress, who is a stout woman, still very good-looking, there are three daughters and two servant girls.
Oltrebesidesoltre · prepositionpreposition marking padronalatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of padronapadronamistresspadrona · noun, feminine, singularobject of Oltrechewhoche · pronounsubject of èèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to donnaunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of donnadonnawomandonna · noun, feminine, singularpredicate noun of è, relative clause on padronagrassastoutgrasso · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies donnaancorastillancora · adverbmodifies piacentemoltoverymolto · adverbmodifies piacentepiacentegood-lookingpiacente · adjective, singularmodifies donnacithereci · pronounexpletive with sonosonoareessere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencetrethreetre · numeralquantifies figliefigliedaughtersfiglia · noun, feminine, pluralsubject of sonoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationduetwodue · numeralquantifies serveserveservant girlsserva · noun, feminine, pluralcoordinated with figlieThe master is paralyzed….
Iltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of padronepadronemasterpadrone · noun, masculine, singularsubject of paraliticoèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to paraliticoparaliticoparalyzedparalitico · adjective, masculine, singularhead of the phrase- 85
“Ah, ah,” exclaimed Mauro, “now comes the good part!”
Ahahah · interjectiondiscourse markerahahah · interjectiondepends on Ahesclamòexclaimedesclamare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularparallel clause to vieneMauroMauroMauro · proper nounsubject of esclamòoranowora · adverbmodifies vienevienecomesvenire · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of bellobellogood partbello · noun, masculine, singularsubject of viene - 86
Indeed the other began to tell an almost unbelievable story of amorous adventures: all the women of the house where he served had thrown themselves into his arms; just the other night the mistress, the aging mistress, stout but still good-looking, had thrown herself onto his chest like a girl of fifteen….
InfattiIndeedinfatti · adverbmodifies cominciòl’theil · determiner, singulardeterminer of altroaltrothe otheraltro · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of cominciòcominciòbegancominciare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of narrarenarraretellnarrare · verb, infinitivecomplement of cominciòunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of storiastoriastorystoria · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of narrarediofdi · prepositionpreposition marking avventureavventureadventuresavventura · noun, feminine, pluralmodifies storiaamoroseamorousamoroso · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies avventurequasialmostquasi · adverbmodifies inverosimileinverosimileunbelievableinverosimile · adjective, singularmodifies avventuretuttealltutto · determiner, feminine, pluraldepends on donneletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of donnedonnewomendonna · noun, feminine, pluralsubject of buttatedellaof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking casacasahousecasa · noun, feminine, singularmodifies donneovewhereove · adverbmodifies servivaservivaservedservire · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on donnesithemselvessi · pronounreflexive pronoun of buttateeranohadessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluralauxiliary of buttatebuttatethrownbuttare · verb, past, participle, feminine, pluralmain verb of the sentencefraintofra · prepositionpreposition marking braccialetheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of bracciasuehissuo · determiner, feminine, pluraldepends on bracciabracciaarmsbraccio · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of buttatel’theil · determiner, singulardeterminer of nottealtraotheraltro · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies nottenottenightnotte · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of buttatalatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of padronapadronamistresspadrona · noun, feminine, singularsubject of buttatalatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of padronavecchiaagingvecchio · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies padronapadronamistresspadrona · noun, feminine, singularappositive to padronagrassastoutgrasso · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies padronamabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationancorastillancora · adverbmodifies piacentepiacentegood-lookingpiacente · adjective, singularcoordinated with grassaglito himlo · pronoun, masculine, singularindirect object of buttatasiherselfsi · pronounreflexive pronoun of buttataerahadessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of buttatabuttatathrownbuttare · verb, past, participle, feminine, singularmain verb of the sentencesulonto thesu il · prepositionpreposition marking pettopettochestpetto · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of buttatacomelikecome · prepositionpreposition marking fanciullaunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of fanciullafanciullagirlfanciulla · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of buttatadiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking anniquindicififteenquindici · numeralquantifies annianniyearsanno · noun, masculine, pluralmodifies fanciulla - 87
Mauro laughed and listened.
MauroMauroMauro · proper nounsubject of ridevaridevalaughedridere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationascoltavalistenedascoltare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with rideva He did not believe the other man’s tall tales, but he enjoyed hearing them.
Nonnotnon · adverbmodifies credevacredevabelievedcredere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceallein thea il · prepositionpreposition marking fandoniefandonietall talesfandonia · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of credevadell’of thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking altroaltroother manaltro · pronoun, masculine, singularmodifies fandoniemabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationprovavafeltprovare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with credevagustopleasuregusto · noun, masculine, singularcomplement of provavaaina · prepositionintroduces the clause of sentirlesentirlehearing themsentire le · verb, infinitivecomplement of provavaAnd as happens with children, he too began to list his own adventures, exaggerating them for the childish pleasure of making them sound bolder than his companion’s.
EAnde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationcomeascome · adverbmodifies avvieneavvienehappensavvenire · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceneiwithin il · prepositionpreposition marking fanciullifanciullichildrenfanciullo · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of avvieneanch’tooanche · adverbmodifies egliegliheegli · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of cominciòcominciòbegancominciare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with avvieneatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of enumerareenumerarelistenumerare · verb, infinitivecomplement of cominciòletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of avventuresuehis ownsuo · determiner, feminine, pluraldepends on avventureavventureadventuresavventura · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of enumerareesagerandoleexaggerating themesagerare · verb, gerundgerund clause modifying cominciòperforper · prepositionpreposition marking gustoiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of gustogustopleasuregusto · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of enumerarepuerilechildishpuerile · adjective, singularmodifies gustodiofdi · prepositionintroduces the clause of farlefarlemaking themfare le · verb, infinitiveclause modifying gustocredereseemcredere · verb, infinitiveclausal complement of farlepiùmorepiù · adverbmodifies arditearditedaringardito · adjective, feminine, pluralcomplement of crederedellethan thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking avventureavventureadventuresavventura · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of crederedelof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking compagnocompagnocompanioncompagno · noun, masculine, singularmodifies avventure- 88
“…. last year, then, I had a beautiful girl, truly beautiful, tall, plump, rosy as an apple.
l’theil · determiner, singulardeterminer of annoannoyearanno · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of avutoscorsolastscorso · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies annopoithenpoi · adverbmodifies avutohohaveavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularauxiliary of avutoavutohadavere · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentenceunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of ragazzabellabeautifulbello · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies ragazzaragazzagirlragazza · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of avutomabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationveramentetrulyveramente · adverbmodifies bellabellabeautifulbello · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies ragazzaaltatallalto · adjective, feminine, singularcoordinated with bellagrassaplumpgrasso · adjective, feminine, singularcoordinated with bellarosearosyroseo · adjective, feminine, singularcoordinated with bellacomeascome · prepositionpreposition marking melaunaanuno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of melamelaapplemela · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of rosea It happened in a strange way.
Èhasessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of modostatohappenedessere · auxiliary verb, past, participle, masculine, singularcopula linking to modoininin · prepositionpreposition marking modounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of modomodowaymodo · noun, masculine, singularhead of the phrasestranostrangestrano · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies modoIt was because of the cold!
Èhasessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of causastatobeenessere · auxiliary verb, past, participle, masculine, singularcopula linking to causaabecausea · prepositionpreposition marking causaidiom "a causa di" = "because of".
causacausecausa · noun, feminine, singularhead of the phrasedelof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking freddofreddocoldfreddo · noun, masculine, singularmodifies causaDon’t laugh: I don’t know if you’ve noticed that in winter women please us more than in summer.
Nondon'tnon · adverbmodifies ridereriderelaughridere · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentencenondon'tnon · adverbmodifies sosoknowsapere · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceseifse · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of osservatotuyoutu · pronoun, singularsubject of osservatohaihaveavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularauxiliary of osservatoosservatonoticedosservare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularclausal complement of sochethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of piacciononell’in thein il · prepositionpreposition marking invernoinvernowinterinverno · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of piaccionoletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of donnedonnewomendonna · noun, feminine, pluralsubject of piaccionociusci · pronoun, pluralindirect object of piaccionopiaccionopleasepiacere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, pluralclausal complement of osservatopiùmorepiù · adverbmodifies piaccionochethanche · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase piùnell’in thein il · prepositionpreposition marking estateestatesummerestate · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of piùNot that I mean in summer they don’t, but…. let’s leave it there!
Ancheevenanche · adverbmodifies estated’indi · prepositionpreposition marking estateestatesummerestate · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of diconondon'tnon · adverbmodifies dicodicosaydire · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentencemabutma · conjunctiondepends on dicolasciamolet's leavelasciare · verb, present, indicative, first-person, pluralmain verb of the sentenceandaregoandare · verb, infinitiveclausal complement of lasciamoIdiom 'lasciare andare' = to let something go, to drop it.
So you should know that I was up on the mountain: the weather was mild, my pigs were fattening before my eyes, and I never left them for a moment.
Devimustdovere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularauxiliary of saperedunquesodunque · adverbmodifies saperesapereknowsapere · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentencechethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of trovavomimyselfmi · pronoun, singularexpletive with trovavotrovavowastrovare · verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singularclausal complement of saperesullaon thesu il · prepositionpreposition marking montagnamontagnamountainmontagna · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of trovavoiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of tempotempoweathertempo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of miteerawasessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to mitemitemildmite · adjective, singularhead of the phraseitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of mieimieimymio · determiner, masculine, pluraldepends on porciporcipigsporco · noun, masculine, pluralsubject of ingrassavanoingrassavanowere fatteningingrassare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluralcoordinated with eraabeforea · prepositionpreposition marking vistavistasightvista · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of ingrassavanoIdiom 'a vista d'occhio' = visibly, right before one's eyes.
d’ofdi · prepositionpreposition marking occhioocchioeyeocchio · noun, masculine, singularmodifies ingrassavanoedande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationioIio · pronoun, singularsubject of abbandonavononnevernon · adverbmodifies abbandonavolithemli · pronoun, masculine, pluraldirect object of abbandonavoabbandonavoleftabbandonare · verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singularcoordinated with ingrassavanounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of momentomomentomomentmomento · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of abbandonavoFor fifteen days I hadn’t gone back to the village.
Daforda · prepositionpreposition marking giorniquindicififteenquindici · numeralquantifies giornigiornidaysgiorno · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of tornavononhad notnon · adverbmodifies tornavotornavogone backtornare · verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceintoin · prepositionpreposition marking paesepaesevillagepaese · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of tornavoWhen one morning I see two women arriving: my old nurse and a pretty “outsider” girl I didn’t yet know.
Quandowhenquando · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vedounaoneuno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of mattinamattinamorningmattina · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of vedovedoseevedere · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentencearrivarearrivingarrivare · verb, infinitiveclausal complement of vedoduetwodue · numeralquantifies donnedonnewomendonna · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of arrivarelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of baliamiamymio · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on baliabalianursebalia · noun, feminine, singularhead of the phraseeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of fanciullabellaprettybello · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies fanciullafanciullagirlfanciulla · noun, feminine, singularcoordinated with baliaistranzaoutsideristranza · noun, feminine, singularin apposition to fanciullaSardinian dialect word for a female stranger or outsider.
chewhoche · pronoundirect object of conoscevononnotnon · adverbmodifies conoscevoconoscevoknewconoscere · verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singularrelative clause on istranzaancorayetancora · adverbmodifies conoscevo- 89
“She’s your grandmother’s new servant girl,” my old nurse told me….
Èisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to servalatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of servanuovanewnuovo · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies servaservaservant girlserva · noun, feminine, singularpredicate complement of Èdellaof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking nonnatuayourtuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on nonnanonnagrandmothernonna · noun, feminine, singularobject of dellamimemi · pronoun, singularindirect object of dissedissetolddire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of baliabalianursebalia · noun, feminine, singularsubject of disse “We’ve come to gather acorns.
Siamohaveessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, pluralauxiliary of venutevenutecomevenire · verb, past, participle, feminine, pluralmain verb of the sentencepertoper · prepositionintroduces the clause of cogliercogliergathercogliere · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on venute'Coglier' is the apocopated (elided) form of the infinitive cogliere.
ghiandeacornsghianda · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of coglierHelp us.”
Aiutacihelp usaiutare · verb, imperative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceOne word fuses the imperative 'aiuta' with the clitic 'ci' (us).
- 90
I helped them.
Lethemle · pronoun, feminine, pluraldirect object of aiutaiaiutaihelpedaiutare · verb, past (remote), indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentence The weather had changed, the sky had turned white as snow, an icy wind was blowing.
Iltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of tempotempoweathertempo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of cambiatos’itselfsi · pronounexpletive with cambiatoerahadessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of cambiatocambiatochangedcambiare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cielocieloskycielo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of fattosiitselfsi · pronounexpletive with fattoerahadessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of fattofattoturnedfare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularcoordinated with cambiatobiancowhitebianco · adjective, masculine, singularcomplement of fattocomeascome · prepositionpreposition marking nevenevesnowneve · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of fattosoffiavawas blowingsoffiare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with cambiatounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of ventoventowindvento · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of soffiavagelatoicygelato · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies ventoThe women complained of the cold, and all at once my nurse went into the hut to warm herself.
Letheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of donnedonnewomendonna · noun, feminine, pluralsubject of lamentavanosithemselvessi · pronounexpletive with lamentavanolamentavanocomplainedlamentare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentenceperofper · prepositionpreposition marking freddoiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of freddofreddocoldfreddo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of lamentavanoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationadata · prepositionpreposition marking trattounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of trattotrattooncetratto · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of andòIdiom 'ad un tratto' = all of a sudden.
latheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of baliabalianursebalia · noun, feminine, singularsubject of andòandòwentandare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with lamentavanonellainto thein il · prepositionpreposition marking capannacapannahutcapanna · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of andòpertoper · prepositionintroduces the clause of riscaldarsiriscaldarsiwarm herselfriscaldarsi · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on andò- 91
“Don’t touch her,” she warned me, nodding toward the girl.
Nondon'tnon · adverbmodifies toccarlatoccarlatouch hertoccare · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemimemi · pronoun, singulardirect object of avvertìavvertìwarnedavvertire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceaccennandomigesturing to meaccennare · verb, gerundadverbial clause on avvertìlatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of ragazzaragazzagirlragazza · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of accennandomi - 92
“If I touch her she’ll certainly scream,” I answered, laughing.
Seifse · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of grideràlaherla · pronoun, feminine, singulardirect object of toccotoccotouchtoccare · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularadverbial clause on grideràgrideràwill screamgridare · verb, future, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the quoted clausebenecertainlybene · adverbmodifies grideràrisposiansweredrispondere · verb, past (remote), indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceioIio · pronoun, singularsubject of risposiridendolaughingridere · verb, gerundcomplement of risposi - 93
As soon as we were alone I went up to her and said:
Appenaas soon asappena · adverbmodifies fummofummowereessere · verb, past (remote), indicative, first-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencesolialonesolo · adjective, masculine, pluralclausal complement of fummomemyselfme · pronoun, singularreflexive pronoun of avvicinaileto herle · pronoun, feminine, singularindirect object of avvicinaiavvicinaiapproachedavvicinarsi · verb, past (remote), indicative, first-person, singularcoordinated with fummoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationleto herle · pronoun, feminine, singularindirect object of dissidissisaiddire · verb, past (remote), indicative, first-person, singularcoordinated with avvicinai - 94
“Will you scream?”
Grideraiwill screamgridare · verb, future, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentence - 95
She started running to get away from me, and I chased her.
Ellasheella · pronoun, singularsubject of misesiherselfsi · pronounexpletive with misemisestartedmettere · verb, past (remote), indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of correrecorrereruncorrere · verb, infinitivecomplement of misepertoper · prepositionintroduces the clause of allontanarsiallontanarsiget awayallontanarsi · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on correredafromda · prepositionpreposition marking memememe · pronoun, singularoblique complement of allontanarsiedande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationioIio · pronoun, singularsubject of inseguiilaherla · pronoun, feminine, singulardirect object of inseguiiinseguiichasedinseguire · verb, past (remote), indicative, first-person, singularcoordinated with mise - 96
The wind drove us like two leaves: I was laughing and shouting:
Iltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of ventoventowindvento · noun, masculine, singularsubject of spingevaciusci · pronoundirect object of spingevaspingevadrovespingere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencecomelikecome · prepositionpreposition marking foglieduetwodue · numeralquantifies fogliefoglieleavesfoglia · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of spingevaioIio · pronoun, singularsubject of ridevoridevowas laughingridere · verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgridavowas shoutinggridare · verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singularcoordinated with ridevo - 97
“Don’t be afraid, little devil!”
Nondon'tnon · adverbmodifies averaverbeavere · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceIdiom 'aver paura' = to be afraid, literally 'to have fear.'
pauraafraidpaura · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of averdiavolalittle devildiavola · noun, feminine, singularterm of address I only, only want to kiss you….
Vogliowantvolere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularauxiliary of baciartisoloonlysolo · adverbmodifies solosoloonlysolo · adverbmodifies baciartibaciartikiss youbaciare · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentence- 98
But instead of heading toward the hut the girl was moving away from it: I kept chasing her all the same.
Mabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationinveceinsteadinvece · adverbintroduces the clause of andarediofdi · prepositionpart of the phrase inveceandareheadingandare · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on allontanavaversotowardverso · prepositionpreposition marking capannalatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of capannacapannahutcapanna · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of andarelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of ragazzaragazzagirlragazza · noun, feminine, singularsubject of allontanavaseherselfse · pronounexpletive with allontanavanefrom itne · pronounexpletive with allontanavaallontanavawas moving awayallontanare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceioIio · pronoun, singularsubject of inseguivol’herla · pronoun, singulardirect object of inseguivoinseguivokept chasinginseguire · verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentencesempreall the samesempre · adverbmodifies inseguivo - 99
“Silly girl,” I told her, “can’t you see you’re losing your way?”
Scioccasillysciocco · adjective, feminine, singularterm of addressleherle · pronoun, feminine, singularindirect object of dissidissitolddire · verb, past, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentencenoncan'tnon · adverbmodifies vedivediseevedere · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentencechethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of smarriscitiyourselfti · pronoun, singularexpletive with smarriscismarrisciare losingsmarrire · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularclausal complement of vedi If you keep running like this you’ll end up plunging into the valley.
Seifse · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of continuicontinuiyou keepcontinuare · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularadverbial clause on finiraiatoa · prepositionpreposition marking corrercorrerrunningcorrere · verb, infinitiveoblique complement of continuicosìlike thiscosì · adverbmodifies correrfiniraiyou will end upfinire · verb, future, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentencecolbycon il · prepositionpreposition marking precipitarprecipitarplungingprecipitare · verb, infinitivecomplement of colnellainto thein il · prepositionpreposition marking vallevallevalleyvalle · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of finiraiWait for me, little devil; I only want one kiss.
Aspettamiwait for measpettare · verb, imperative, second-person, singularhead of the phrasediavolalittle devildiavolo · noun, feminine, singularvocative, in apposition with Aspettami's addresseenonnotnon · adverbmodifies vogliovoglioI wantvolere · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentencecheonlyche · adverbpart of the non...che restrictive idiomnon voglio che = 'I only want' (non...che restrictive idiom).
unoneuno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of baciobaciokissbacio · noun, masculine, singularclausal complement of voglio- 100
She stopped; I came close and noticed that she was trembling all over with cold and fear.
Ellasheella · pronoun, feminine, singularsubject of fermòsi(reflexive)si · pronounreflexive pronoun of fermòfermòstoppedfermare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceioIio · pronoun, singularsubject of avvicinaimi(reflexive)mi · pronoun, singularreflexive pronoun of avvicinaiavvicinaiI came closeavvicinare · verb, past, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmi(reflexive)mi · pronoun, singularreflexive pronoun of accorsiaccorsiI noticedaccorgersi · verb, past, indicative, first-person, singularcoordinated with avvicinaichethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tremavatremavashe was tremblingtremare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularadverbial clause on accorsituttaall overtutto · pronoun, feminine, singularmodifies tremava (agrees with subject)diwithdi · prepositionpreposition marking freddofreddocoldfreddo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of tremava (with paura)eande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdiwithdi · prepositionpreposition marking paurapaurafearpaura · noun, feminine, singularcoordinated with freddo “Let me go,” she pleaded, “I’m a poor servant girl, don’t touch me.”
Lasciamilet me golasciare · verb, imperative, second-person, singularhead of the phrasesupplicavashe pleadedsupplicare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb introducing the quoted speechsonoI amessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularcopula linking to servaunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of servapoverapoorpovero · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies servaservaservant girlserva · noun, feminine, singularpredicate complement of sononondon'tnon · adverbmodifies toccaremimemi · pronoun, singulardirect object of toccaretoccaretouchtoccare · verb, infinitivemain verb of the negative imperative- 101
“Don’t be afraid,” I told her, taking her frozen hands in mine.
Nondon'tnon · adverbmodifies averaverbeavere · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentencepauraafraidpaura · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of averavere paura = 'to be afraid' (idiom).
leto herle · pronoun, feminine, singularindirect object of dissidissiI saiddire · verb, past, indicative, first-person, singularparallel clause to averprendendotakingprendere · verb, gerundadverbial clause on dissinelleinin il · prepositionpreposition marking manimieminemio · pronoun, feminine, pluralelliptical possessive pronoun after nelle (mine)letheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of manisuehersuo · determiner, feminine, pluraldepends on manimanihandsmano · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of prendendogelatefrozengelato · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies mani “Now I’ll warm your hands.”
Oranowora · adverbmodifies scalderòtiyourti · pronoun, singularindirect object of scalderò (dative of possession)scalderòI will warmscaldare · verb, future, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of manimanihandsmano · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of scalderòI’m not a bad man; I’m a gentleman.
Nonnotnon · adverbmodifies cattivosonoI amessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularcopula linking to cattivocattivobadcattivo · adjective, masculine, singularhead of the phraseioIio · pronoun, singularemphatic restatement of the subjectsonoI amessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularcopula linking to galantuomounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of galantuomogalantuomogentlemangalantuomo · noun, masculine, singularhead of the phraseIf you kiss me you’ll see you won’t regret it.
Seifse · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bacimimemi · pronoun, singulardirect object of bacibaciyou kissbaciare · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularadverbial clause on vedraivedraiyou will seevedere · verb, future, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentencechethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of pentirainonnotnon · adverbmodifies pentiraiti(reflexive)ti · pronoun, singularreflexive pronoun of pentiraipentiraiyou will regretpentirsi · verb, future, indicative, second-person, singularclausal complement of vedraiNow let’s go to the hut; you’ll warm up.
Oranowora · adverbmodifies andiamoandiamolet's goandare · verb, present, indicative, first-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencenellato thein il · prepositionpreposition marking capannacapannahutcapanna · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of andiamoti(reflexive)ti · pronoun, singularreflexive pronoun of scalderaiscalderaiyou will warm upscaldarsi · verb, future, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentence- 102
I took her by the waist, but instead of leading her to the hut I dragged her even further off, to a place where my nurse could not find us.
Laherla · pronoun, feminine, singulardirect object of presipresiI tookprendere · verb, past, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the clauseperbyper · prepositionpreposition marking vitalatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of vitavitawaistvita · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of presimabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationinveceinsteadinvece · adverbintroduces the clause of condurladiofdi · prepositionpart of the phrase invececondurlaleading hercondurre · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on trascinaicondurre + la ('her') attached as a clitic.
nellato thein il · prepositionpreposition marking capannacapannahutcapanna · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of condurlalaherla · pronoun, feminine, singulardirect object of trascinaitrascinaiI draggedtrascinare · verb, past, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentencepiùfurtherpiù · adverbmodifies lontanolontanoofflontano · adverbcomplement of trascinaiancoraevenancora · adverbmodifies trascinaiintoin · prepositionpreposition marking postounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of postopostoplaceposto · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of trascinaiovewhereove · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of trovarcibaliamy nursebalia · noun, feminine, singularsubject of potevanonnotnon · adverbmodifies trovarcipotevacouldpotere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of trovarcitrovarcifind ustrovare · verb, infinitivecomplement of potevatrovare + ci ('us') attached as a clitic.
The wind was growing furious: a few flakes of snow were falling.
Iltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of ventoventowindvento · noun, masculine, singularsubject of diventavadiventavawas growingdiventare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencefuriosofuriousfurioso · adjective, masculine, singularcomplement of diventavacadevawas fallingcadere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencequalchea fewqualche · determiner, singulardeterminer of faldafaldaflakefalda · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of cadevadiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking nevenevesnowneve · noun, feminine, singularmodifies faldaThe girl was trembling with cold: she tried to slip from me, but by now I held her fast and I was telling her so many sweet things.
Latheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of fanciullafanciullagirlfanciulla · noun, feminine, singularsubject of tremavatremavawas tremblingtremare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencediwithdi · prepositionpreposition marking freddofreddocoldfreddo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of tremavacercavawas tryingcercare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceditodi · prepositionintroduces the clause of sfuggirmisfuggirmiescape mesfuggire · verb, infinitivecomplement of cercavasfuggire + mi ('me') attached as a clitic.
mabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationoramaiby noworamai · adverbmodifies tenevolaherla · pronoun, feminine, singulardirect object of tenevotenevoI was holdingtenere · verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singularcoordinated with cercavaavvintafastavvincere · verb, past, participle, feminine, singularcomplement of tenevoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationleto herle · pronoun, feminine, singularindirect object of dicevodicevoI was tellingdire · verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singularcoordinated with cercavatanteso manytanto · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of cosedolcisweetdolce · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies cosecosethingscosa · noun, feminine, pluralcomplement of dicevo- 103
“Why can’t a master marry his servant girl?”
Perchèwhyperché · adverbmodifies può sposareunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of padronepadronemasterpadrone · noun, masculine, singularsubject of puònonnotnon · adverbmodifies puòpuòcanpotere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of sposaresposaremarrysposare · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of servasuahissuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on servaservaservant girlserva · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of sposare Nonsense.
Sciocchezzenonsensesciocchezza · noun, feminine, pluralhead of the phraseI’ll marry you; I’m an only son and I’ll do as I please.
IoIio · pronoun, singularsubject of sposeròtiyouti · pronoun, singulardirect object of sposeròsposeròI will marrysposare · verb, future, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentencesonoI amessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularcopula linking to figliofigliosonfiglio · noun, masculine, singularhead of the phraseunicoonlyunico · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies figlioeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfaròI will dofare · verb, future, indicative, first-person, singularcoordinated with sonociòwhatciò · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of faròciò che = 'what' (lit. 'that which').
chewhichche · pronounsubject of piacemimemi · pronoun, singularindirect object of piacepiacepleasespiacere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on ciò- 104
So I led her far off, toward an old hut set against a cave.
Cosìsocosì · adverbmodifies condussilaherla · pronoun, feminine, singulardirect object of condussicondussiI ledcondurre · verb, past, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelontanofar offlontano · adverbmodifies condussiversotowardverso · prepositionpreposition marking capannaunaanuno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of capannavecchiaoldvecchio · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies capannacapannahutcapanna · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of condussiriparatasetriparare · verb, past, participle, feminine, singularclause modifying capannacontroagainstcontro · prepositionpreposition marking grottaunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of grottagrottacavegrotta · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of riparata - 105
“I’m cold, I’m cold,” she was saying, “this isn’t your hut.”
HoI'mavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the exclamationavere freddo = 'to be cold' (idiom).
freddocoldfreddo · adjective, masculine, singularcomplement of HohoI'mavere · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularcoordinated with Ho, repeated for emphasisfreddocoldfreddo · adjective, masculine, singularcoordinated with Hoellasheella · pronoun, feminine, singularsubject of dicevadicevawas sayingdire · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb introducing the quoted speechquestathisquesto · pronoun, feminine, singularsubject of ènonnotnon · adverbmodifies èèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to capannalatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of capannatuayourtuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on capannacapannahutcapanna · noun, feminine, singularpredicate complement of è There’s no fire.
Nonnotnon · adverbmodifies èc’thereci · pronounexpletive with èèisessere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencefuocofirefuoco · noun, masculine, singularsubject of è- 106
“The fire is here, in my lips.”
Iltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of fuocofuocofirefuoco · noun, masculine, singularsubject of èèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to quiquiherequi · adverbpredicate of ènelleinin il · prepositionpreposition marking labbramiemymio · determiner, feminine, pluraldepends on labbralabbralipslabbro · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of qui Feel it.
Sentifeel itsentire · verb, imperative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceI kissed her and she did not scream.
Laherla · pronoun, feminine, singulardirect object of baciaibaciaiI kissedbaciare · verb, past, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the clauseedande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationellasheella · pronoun, feminine, singularsubject of gridònonnotnon · adverbmodifies gridògridòscreamedgridare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceSo she became mine.
Cosìsocosì · adverbmodifies fufushe becameessere · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to miamiaminemio · pronoun, feminine, singularpredicate complement of fu- 107
“And your nurse?” asked the other.
Eande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbaliayour nursebalia · noun, feminine, singularhead of the phrasechieseaskedchiedere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencel’theil · determiner, singulardeterminer of altroaltrootheraltro · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of chiese - 108
“And my nurse?”
Eande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbaliamy nursebalia · noun, feminine, singularhead of the phrase I gave her a three-night-old suckling pig and…. she kept quiet.
Leto herle · pronoun, feminine, singularindirect object of diedidiediI gavedare · verb, past, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of porchettoporchettosuckling pigporchetto · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of diedidiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking nottitrethreetre · numeralquantifies nottinottinightsnotte · noun, feminine, pluralmodifies porchettoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtacquefell silenttacere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceBesides, what did she really know? — said Mauro.
D’besidesdi · prepositionforms the phrase d’altronde with altrondealtronde(particle)altronde · adverbmodifies sapeva, completes d’altronded’altronde is a fixed adverbial phrase meaning "besides, anyway"; altronde alone is rare outside it.
cosawhatcosa · pronoun, singulardirect object of sapevasapevaknewsapere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceleishelei · pronoun, singularsubject of sapevadissesaiddire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceMauroMauroMauro · proper nounsubject of disseAnd he laughed.
Eande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationriselaughedridere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentence- 109
The stranger stared at the fire with his round eyes wide open: for a few moments he stayed silent, and when Mauro stopped laughing, a great silence reigned in the road-keeper’s kitchen.
Lotheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of sconosciutosconosciutostrangersconosciuto · adjective (used as noun), masculine, singularsubject of fissavafissavastaredfissare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of fuocofuocofirefuoco · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of fissavacoiwith thecon i · preposition (contraction with i)preposition marking occhisuoihissuo · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of occhiocchieyesocchio · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of fissavarotondiroundrotondo · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies occhispalancatiwide openspalancato · adjective, masculine, pluralcoordinated with rotondi, modifies occhiperforper · prepositionpreposition marking momentoqualchea fewqualche · determiner, singulardeterminer of momentomomentomomentsmomento · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of stettestettestayedstare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencesilenziososilentsilenzioso · adjective, masculine, singularcomplement of stetteeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationquandowhenquando · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of cessòMauroMauroMauro · proper nounsubject of cessòcessòstoppedcessare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularverb of the quando-clause, modifying regnòditodi · prepositionintroduces the infinitive ridere, complement of cessòriderelaughingridere · verb, infinitivecomplement of cessòunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of silenziograngreatgrande · adjective, singularmodifies silenziosilenziosilencesilenzio · noun, masculine, singularsubject of regnòregnòreignedregnare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencenellain thein la · prepositionpreposition marking cucinacucinakitchencucina · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of regnòdellaof thedi la · prepositionpreposition marking cantonieracantonieraroad-keeper’scantoniera · noun, feminine, singularmodifies cucina - 110
Outside the snow kept falling: not a sound crossed the velvety silence of the white night.
Fuorioutsidefuori · adverbmodifies cadevalatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of nevenevesnowneve · noun, feminine, singularsubject of cadevacadevawas fallingcadere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencesempreconstantlysempre · adverbmodifies cadevanonnotnon · adverbnegates attraversavaunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of rumorerumoresoundrumore · noun, masculine, singularsubject of attraversavaattraversavacrossedattraversare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of silenziosilenziosilencesilenzio · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of attraversavavellutatovelvetyvellutato · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies silenziodellaof thedi la · prepositionpreposition marking nottenottenightnotte · noun, feminine, singularmodifies silenziobiancawhitebianco · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies notte - 111
But suddenly Mauro heard a kind of stifled howl, a distant moan, wild as the cry of a wounded boar.
Mabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationimprovvisamentesuddenlyimprovvisamente · adverbmodifies sentìMauroMauroMauro · proper nounsubject of sentìsentìheardsentire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of speciespeciekindspecie · noun, femininedirect object of sentìdiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking urlourlohowlurlo · noun, masculine, singularmodifies speciesoffocatostifledsoffocato · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies urlounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of gemitogemitomoangemito · noun, masculine, singularcoordinated with urlolontanodistantlontano · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies gemitoselvaggiowildselvaggio · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies gemitocomelikecome · prepositionpreposition marking gridoiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of gridogridocrygrido · noun, masculine, singularcomplement of comed’ofdi · prepositionpreposition marking cinghialeunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cinghialecinghialeboarcinghiale · noun, masculine, singularmodifies gridoferitowoundedferito · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies cinghiale He turned his head toward the door, and all at once he saw everything go black before him, and felt something like the weight of a boulder crushing him.
Volseturnedvolgere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of testatestaheadtesta · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of Volseversotowardverso · prepositionpreposition marking portalatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of portaportadoorporta · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of Volseeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationd’indi · prepositionforms d’un tratto with trattounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of trattotrattoinstanttratto · noun, masculine, singularadverbial phrase modifying vided’un tratto is a fixed idiom meaning "all at once, suddenly."
videsawvedere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencetuttoeverythingtutto · pronoun, indefinitedirect object of videneroblacknero · adjective, masculine, singularpredicate complement of tuttodavantibeforedavanti · adverbforms davanti a with a, modifies videatoa · prepositionpart of the phrase davanti asèhimselfsé · pronounobject of davanti a, modifying videeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsentìfeltsentire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with videcomelikecome · prepositionpreposition marking pesoiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of pesopesoweightpeso · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of sentìd’ofdi · prepositionpreposition marking massounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of massomassobouldermasso · noun, masculine, singularmodifies pesochethatche · pronounsubject of schiacciavalohimlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of schiacciavaschiacciavacrushedschiacciare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on massoOnly after an instant did he grasp what was really happening.
Soloonlysolo · adverbmodifies the phrase dopo un istantedopoafterdopo · prepositionpreposition marking istanteunanuno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of istanteistanteinstantistante · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of accorses’(reflexive)si · pronoun, reflexivereflexive particle of accorseaccorgersi is an inherently reflexive verb meaning "to realize, notice"; si has no separate translation.
accorserealizedaccorgersi · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencedellaof thedi la · prepositionpreposition marking realtàrealtàrealityrealtà · noun, feminineoblique complement of accorseThe stranger had leapt to his feet and thrown himself on him, pinning his shoulders with his powerful hands.
Lotheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of sconosciutosconosciutostrangersconosciuto · adjective (used as noun), masculine, singularsubject of balzatoerahadessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of balzatobalzatoleaptbalzare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentenceintoin · prepositionpreposition marking piedipiedifeetpiede · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of balzatoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationglion himgli · pronoun, masculine, singularindirect object of gettatosihimselfsi · pronoun, reflexivereflexive object of gettatoerahadessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of gettatogettatothrowngettare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularcoordinated with balzatoaddossoon topaddosso · adverbmodifies gettatopremendoglipinningpremere · verb, gerund (with attached clitic gli)adverbial clause on gettatothe clitic -gli ("on him") is attached to the gerund premendo.
letheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of spallespalleshouldersspalla · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of premendogliconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking maniletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of manisuehissuo · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of manimanihandsmano · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of premendoglipossentipowerfulpossente · adjective, pluralmodifies mani- 112
“Ah, a three-night-old suckling pig!” he shouted, sneering, breathless.
Ahahah · interjectiondiscourse markerunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of porchettoporchettosuckling pigporchetto · noun, masculine, singularhead of the exclamationdiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking nottitrethreetre · numeralquantifies nottinottinightsnotte · noun, feminine, pluralmodifies porchettoegliheegli · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of gridavagridavashoutedgridare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencesogghignandosneeringsogghignare · verb, gerundadverbial clause on gridavaanelantebreathlessanelante · adjective, singularcoordinated with sogghignando “You go-between, I’ll be the one to pay you back; I’ll pay you too for the milk you gave your master.
Ruffianago-betweenruffiana · noun, feminine, singular (vocative)vocative addresstiyouti · pronoun, singulardirect object of pagheròpagheròwill paypagare · verb, future, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentencepoilaterpoi · adverbmodifies pagheròioIio · pronoun, singularsubject of pagheròtiyouti · pronoun, singularindirect object of pagheròpagheròwill paypagare · verb, future, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceanchetooanche · adverbmodifies latteiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of lattelattemilklatte · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of pagheròchethatche · pronoundirect object of datohaihaveavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularauxiliary of datodatogivendare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularrelative clause on lattealto thea il · prepositionpreposition marking padronetuoyourtuo · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of padronepadronemasterpadrone · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of datoAh, you even lead the poor servant girls up onto the mountain for him…. and leave them alone with him…. to please him….
Ahahah · interjectiondiscourse markerglifor himgli · pronoun, masculine, singularindirect object of conduciconducileadcondurre · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of servepoverepoorpovero · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies serveserveservant girlsserva · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of conduciancheevenanche · adverbmodifies sul montesulonto thesu il · prepositionpreposition marking montemontemountainmonte · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of conducieande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlethemle · pronoun, feminine, pluraldirect object of lascilascileavelasciare · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentencesolealonesolo · adjective, feminine, pluralcomplement of lasciconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking luiluihimlui · pronoun, masculine, singularoblique complement of lascipertoper · prepositionintroduces the purpose clause of farglifargliplease himfare · verb, infinitive (with attached clitic gli)purpose clause modifying lascithe clitic -gli ("to/for him") is attached to the infinitive fare; fargli piacere is idiomatic for "to please him."
piacere(particle)piacere · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of fargli- 113
“What’s wrong with you, damn it?” Mauro yelled, driving his head into his attacker’s belly.
Mabutma · conjunctionintroduces the exclamatory questionchewhatche · pronoundirect object of haihaihaveavere · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentencediavolodamn itdiavolo · noun, masculine, singular (exclamatory)vocative exclamationurlòyelledurlare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceMauroMauroMauro · proper nounsubject of urlòficcandodrivingficcare · verb, gerundadverbial clause on urlòlatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of testatestaheadtesta · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of ficcandonelinto thein il · prepositionpreposition marking ventreventrebellyventre · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of ficcandodell’of thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking assalitoreassalitoreattackerassalitore · noun, masculine, singularmodifies ventre - 114
“Do you know a certain Sebastiano Loi?” the big man then asked, pulling back a little, but still keeping the unlucky man’s shoulders pinned fast in his hands.
Conosciknowconoscere · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of Sebastianocertocertaincerto · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies SebastianoSebastianoSebastianoSebastiano · proper noundirect object of ConosciLoiLoiLoi · proper noundepends on Sebastianochieseaskedchiedere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceallorathenallora · adverbmodifies chiesel’theil · determiner, singulardeterminer of omoneomonebig manomone · noun, masculine, singularsubject of chiesescostandosipulling backscostarsi · verb, gerund, reflexiveadverbial clause on chiesealquantoa littlealquanto · adverbmodifies scostandosimabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtenendokeepingtenere · verb, gerundcoordinated with scostandosisemprestillsempre · adverbmodifies inchiodateinchiodatepinnedinchiodare · verb, past, participle, feminine, pluralcomplement of tenendonellein thein le · prepositionpreposition marking manisuehissuo · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of manimanihandsmano · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of inchiodateletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of spallespalleshouldersspalla · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of tenendodelof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking malcapitatomalcapitatounlucky manmalcapitato · noun, masculine, singularmodifies spalle - 115
Mauro raised his eyes, bewildered: ah, yes, now he remembered!
MauroMauroMauro · proper nounsubject of sollevòsollevòraisedsollevare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceglitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of occhiocchieyesocchio · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of sollevòsmarritobewilderedsmarrito · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies Mauroahahah · interjectiondiscourse markersìyessì · interjectiondiscourse markeroranowora · adverbmodifies ricordavaricordavarememberedricordare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentence The round eyes, the aquiline nose….
GliTheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of occhiocchieyesocchio · noun, masculine, pluralhead of the phraserotondiroundrotondo · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies occhiiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of nasonasonosenaso · noun, masculine, singularcoordinated with occhiaquilinoaquilineaquilino · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies nasoHis attacker was the young servant girl’s brother.
L’Theil · determiner, singulardeterminer of assalitoreassalitoreattackerassalitore · noun, masculine, singularsubject of eraerawasessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to fratelloiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of fratellofratellobrotherfratello · noun, masculine, singularpredicate nominal of eradellaof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking servagiovaneyounggiovane · adjective, singularmodifies servaservaservant girlserva · noun, feminine, singularmodifies fratello
The particulars
- The text
- I giuochi della vita, Grazia Deledda. The Games of Life.
- Translation
- Public-domain Italian (Deledda, d. 1936; collection published 1905). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
- Words
- Every word of the text, by letter.
- Data
- JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents