Italian · The Games of Life
Per la sua creatura
For Her Child
Tap a sentence to open its words.
- 1
The doorbell rang.
Suonaronorangsuonare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentenceImpersonal plural: literally "they rang," idiomatic for the doorbell ringing.
- 2
The little Signora V***, who was in the kitchen fixing up a hat, or rather trimming a winter hat with the feathers and ribbon of a summer hat, got up in a great hurry, took off her apron, and went to open the door.
LaTheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of signorapiccolalittlepiccolo · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies signorasignoraSignorasignora · noun, feminine, singularsubject of alzòVV.V · proper nounmodifies signorachewhoche · pronounsubject of stavastavawasstare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on signoraininin · prepositionpreposition marking cucinacucinathe kitchencucina · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of stavaaccomodandosifixing upaccomodarsi · verb, gerundadverbial clause on stavaunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cappellocappellohatcappello · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of accomodandosiooro · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmegliorathermeglio · adverbmodifies guarnendoguarnendotrimmingguarnire · verb, gerundcoordinated with stavaunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cappellocappellohatcappello · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of guarnendod’ofdi · prepositionpreposition marking invernoinvernowinterinverno · noun, masculine, singularmodifies cappelloconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking piumeletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of piumepiumefeatherspiuma · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of guarnendoedande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of nastronastroribbonnastro · noun, masculine, singularcoordinated with piumed’ofdi · prepositionpreposition marking cappellounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cappellocappellohatcappello · noun, masculine, singularmodifies nastrod’ofdi · prepositionpreposition marking estateestatesummerestate · noun, feminine, singularmodifies cappellos’(herself)si · pronounexpletive with alzòalzògot upalzarsi · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceininin · prepositionpreposition marking frettafrettaa hurryfretta · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of alzòininin · prepositionpreposition marking frettafrettaa hurryfretta · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of alzò"In fretta in fretta" doubles the phrase for emphasis: "in a great hurry."
si(herself)si · pronounexpletive with tolsetolsetook offtogliere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularparallel clause to alzòiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of grembialegrembialeaprongrembiale · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of tolseedande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationandòwentandare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with tolseadtoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of aprireaprireopen the dooraprire · verb, infinitivecomplement of andò At first, between the darkness of the entryway and that of the staircase, she could not quite tell whether the tall figure who had rung was a man or a woman; then she heard a guttural voice asking, “Signora V***?”—she saw a great black cloak, a black fur, a black hat pulled down over the eyes, a pair of spectacles: it seemed to her that the person was a man dressed as a woman, and she was afraid.
Sulleatsu il · prepositionpreposition marking prime"Sulle prime" is a set idiom meaning "at first."
primefirstprimo · adjective, feminine, pluraloblique complement of distinsefrabetweenfra · prepositionpreposition marking buioiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of buiobuiodarknessbuio · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of distinsedell’of thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking ingressoingressoentrywayingresso · noun, masculine, singularmodifies buioeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationquellothatquello · pronoun, masculine, singularcoordinated with buiodellaof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking scalascalastaircasescala · noun, feminine, singularmodifies quellononnotnon · adverbmodifies distinsedistinsemade outdistinguere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencebeneclearlybene · adverbmodifies distinsesewhetherse · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fosselatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of personalungatalllungo · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies personapersonafigurepersona · noun, feminine, singularsubject of fossechewhoche · pronounsubject of aveva suonatoavevahadavere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of suonatosuonatorungsuonare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularrelative clause on personafossewasessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singularcopula linking to uomouomoa manuomo · noun, masculine, singularpredicate nominal of fosseooro · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdonnaa womandonna · noun, feminine, singularcoordinated with uomopoithenpoi · adverbmodifies udìudìshe heardudire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of vocevocevoicevoce · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of udìgutturalegutturalgutturale · adjective, singularmodifies vocechethatche · pronounsubject of chiedevachiedevawas askingchiedere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on vocelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of signorasignoraSignorasignora · noun, feminine, singularcomplement of chiedevaVV.V · proper nounmodifies signoravideshe sawvedere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of mantellonemantellonegreat cloakmantellone · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of videneroblacknero · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies mantelloneunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of pelliccionapelliccionafur coatpellicciona · noun, feminine, singularcoordinated with mantellonenerablacknero · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies pelliccionaunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cappellacciocappellacciohatcappellaccio · noun, masculine, singularcoordinated with mantelloneneroblacknero · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies cappellacciotiratopulledtirare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularclause modifying cappellacciosugliover thesu il · prepositionpreposition marking occhiocchieyesocchio · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of tiratounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of paiopaiopairpaio · noun, masculine, singularcoordinated with mantelloned’ofdi · prepositionpreposition marking occhialiocchialispectaclesocchiale · noun, masculine, pluralmodifies paioleto herle · pronoun, feminine, singularindirect object of parveparveit seemedparere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencechethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fosselatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of personapersonapersonpersona · noun, feminine, singularsubject of fossefossewasessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singularcopula linking to uomounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of uomouomomanuomo · noun, masculine, singularpredicate nominal of fossevestitodressedvestire · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularclause modifying uomodaasda · prepositionpreposition marking donnadonnaa womandonna · noun, feminine, singularagent of vestitoedande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationebbeshe wasavere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with videpauraafraidpaura · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of ebbeBut at once she smiled to herself.
MaButma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsubitoat oncesubito · adverbmodifies sorrisesorrisesmiledsorridere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencefratofra · prepositionpreposition marking sèsèherselfsé · pronounoblique complement of sorriseA thief?
UnAuno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of ladroladrothiefladro · noun, masculine, singularhead of the phraseIn her house there was little to steal: there was not even that pearl called a maid.
InInin · prepositionpreposition marking casacasahousecasa · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of erasuahersuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on casac’thereci · pronounexpletive with eraerawasessere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencepocolittlepoco · adverbmodifies eradatoda · prepositionintroduces the clause of rubarerubarestealrubare · verb, infinitivecomplement of eranonnotnon · adverbmodifies erac’thereci · pronounexpletive with eraerawasessere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceneppurenot evenneppure · adverbmodifies eraquellathatquello · pronoun, feminine, singulardeterminer of perlaperlapearlperla · noun, feminine, singularsubject of erachethatche · pronounsubject of chiamasiissi · pronounexpletive with chiamachiamacalledchiamare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on perlalatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of servaservamaidserva · noun, feminine, singularcomplement of chiama- 3
“Come in…” she said in a frank voice, throwing the door wide open, with that serene confidence which is the finest asset of those who own nothing.
S’(yourself)si · pronounexpletive with accomodiaccomodicome inaccomodarsi · verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceFormal imperative ("Lei" form): literally "make yourself comfortable."
dissesaiddire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceconincon · prepositionpreposition marking vocevocea voicevoce · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of dissefrancafrankfranco · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies voceaprendothrowing openaprire · verb, gerundadverbial clause on dissetuttawidetutto · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on portalatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of portaportadoorporta · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of aprendoconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking sicurezzaquellathatquello · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of sicurezzasicurezzaconfidencesicurezza · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of aprendoserenaserenesereno · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies sicurezzachewhichche · pronounsubject of èèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to patrimonioiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of patrimoniomigliorfinestmigliore · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies patrimoniopatrimonioassetpatrimonio · noun, masculine, singularpredicate nominal of èdeiof thosedi il · prepositionpreposition marking nullatenentinullatenentiwho own nothingnullatenente · noun, pluralmodifies patrimonio - 4
Only in the little dining room, which also served for receiving guests, did Signora V*** realize that her visitor was a woman, and not even an ugly one, and not even an old one.
SoloOnlysolo · adverbmodifies accorsenelin thein il · prepositionpreposition marking salottinosalottinolittle parlorsalottino · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of accorsedaforda · prepositionpreposition marking pranzopranzodiningpranzo · noun, masculine, singularmodifies salottinochewhichche · pronounsubject of servivaservivaservedservire · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on salottinoanchealsoanche · adverbmodifies ricevereperforper · prepositionintroduces the clause of riceverericeverereceiving guestsricevere · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on servivalatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of signorasignoraSignorasignora · noun, feminine, singularsubject of accorseVV.V · proper nounmodifies signoras’(herself)si · pronounexpletive with accorseaccorserealizedaccorgersi · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencechethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of donnalatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of visitatricevisitatricevisitorvisitatrice · noun, feminine, singularsubject of donnaerawasessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to donnaunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of donnadonnawomandonna · noun, feminine, singularpredicate nominal of eraeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationneppurenot evenneppure · adverbmodifies bruttabruttaan ugly onebrutto · adjective, feminine, singularcoordinated with donnaeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationneppurenot evenneppure · adverbmodifies vecchiavecchiaan old onevecchio · adjective, feminine, singularcoordinated with donna - 5
“I am Signora V***.”
Sonoamessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularcopula linking io to signoraioIio · pronoun, singularsubject of Sonolatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of signorasignoraSignorasignora · noun, feminine, singularpredicate nominal of SonoVV.V · proper nounmodifies signora “Do sit down.”
S’(yourself)si · pronounexpletive with accomodiaccomodido sit downaccomodarsi · verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentence- 6
“I should like to speak with you…” said the stranger, and though the little parlor was not stifling, she took off her cloak, throwing it over the back of the chair.
VorreiI would likevolere · verb, conditional, present, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentence (modal)parlarleto speak to youparlare le · verb, infinitive + clitic pronouncomplement of Vorrei-le is the formal 'to you/her' clitic.
dissesaiddire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the reporting clauselatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of stranierastranierastrangerstraniero · noun, feminine, singularsubject of disseeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsebbenethoughsebbene · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of soffocassenelin thein il · prepositionpreposition marking salottinosalottinolittle parlorsalottino · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of soffocassenonnotnon · adverbmodifies soffocassesionesi · pronoun, impersonalimpersonal marker with soffocassesoffocassewas stiflingsoffocare · verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singularconcessive clause on tolsesiherselfsi · pronoun, reflexivereflexive object of tolsetolsetook offtogliere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with disseiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of mantellomantellocloakmantello · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of tolsegettandolothrowing itgettare lo · verb, gerund + clitic pronoungerund clause on tolsesullaonto thesu il · prepositionpreposition marking spallieraspallierabackspalliera · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of gettandolodellaof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking sediasediachairsedia · noun, feminine, singularmodifies spalliera Against the brown satin lining of the cloak she appeared most elegant, though no longer young, in a flawless English-cut dress.
Sulloagainst thesu il · prepositionpreposition marking sfondosfondobackdropsfondo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of apparivamarronebrownmarrone · adjectivemodifies sfondodelof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking rasorasosatinraso · noun, masculine, singularmodifies sfondochethatche · pronounsubject of foderavafoderavalinedfoderare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on rasoiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of mantellomantellocloakmantello · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of foderavaellasheella · pronoun, feminine, singularsubject of apparivaapparivaappearedapparire · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceelegantissimamost elegantelegante · adjective, feminine, singular, absolute superlativecomplement of apparivasebbenethoughsebbene · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of giovinenonnonon · adverbmodifies piùpiùlongerpiù · adverbmodifies giovinegiovineyounggiovane · adjective, singularcomplement of appariva (parallel to elegantissima)ininin · prepositionpreposition marking abitounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of abitoabitodressabito · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of apparivaingleseEnglishinglese · adjective, singularmodifies abitoperfettoflawlessperfetto · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies abitoShe had small hands, tight in gray leather gloves, jewels sparkling at her ears, and on her hat a long tail feather from some rare bird.
Avevahadavere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of manimanihandsmano · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of Avevapiccolesmallpiccolo · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies manistrettetightstretto · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies maniininin · prepositionpreposition marking guantiguantiglovesguanto · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of strettediofdi · prepositionpreposition marking pellepelleleatherpelle · noun, feminine, singularmodifies guantigrigiagraygrigio · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies pellebrillantijewelsbrillante · noun, masculine, pluralcoordinated with mani, direct object of AvevaBrillanti here is a noun ("diamonds/jewels"), not the adjective "brilliant".
alleat thea il · prepositionpreposition marking orecchieorecchieearsorecchia · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of brillantieande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsulon thesu il · prepositionpreposition marking cappellocappellohatcappello · noun, masculine, singularcoordinated with alle orecchieunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of codalungalonglungo · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies codacodatail feathercoda · noun, feminine, singularcoordinated with brillanti, direct object of Avevad’ofdi · prepositionpreposition marking uccellounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of uccellouccellobirduccello · noun, masculine, singularmodifies codararorareraro · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies uccelloAnd her small, tight, disdainful mouth completed the picture of a great lady accustomed to command.
EAnde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of boccasuahersuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on boccapiccolasmallpiccolo · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies boccaboccamouthbocca · noun, feminine, singularsubject of finivastrettatightstretto · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies boccasdegnosadisdainfulsdegnoso · adjective, feminine, singularcoordinated with strettafinivacompletedfinire · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencedi(to)di · prepositionintroduces the clause of rivelarerivelarerevealingrivelare · verb, infinitivecomplement of finivaininin · prepositionpreposition marking leileiherlei · pronoun, singularoblique complement of rivelarelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of damagrangreatgrande · adjective, singularmodifies damadamaladydama · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of rivelareavvezzaaccustomedavvezzo · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies damaaltoa il · prepositionpreposition marking comandocomandocommandcomando · noun, masculine, singularmodifies avvezza- 7
Signora V***, who—it must be said—was not yet twenty, watched her with admiration, astonished that so great a lady should find herself in her house.
Latheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of signorasignoraSignorasignora · noun, feminine, singularsubject of guardavaVV.V · proper nounmodifies signoralatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of qualequalewhoquale · pronoun, singularsubject of avevabisognait is necessarybisognare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular, impersonalmain verb of the parenthetical clauseavvertireto noteavvertire · verb, infinitiveclausal complement of bisognanonnotnon · adverbmodifies avevaavevahadavere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the relative clause on signoraancorayetancora · adverbmodifies anniventitwentyventi · numeralquantifies annianniyearsanno · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of avevalaherla · pronoun, feminine, singulardirect object of guardavaguardavawatchedguardare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking ammirazioneammirazioneadmirationammirazione · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of guardavastupitaastonishedstupito · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies signora, secondary predicate on guardavachethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of trovasseunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of damasìsosì · adverbmodifies grangrangreatgrande · adjective, singularmodifies damadamaladydama · noun, feminine, singularsubject of trovassesiherselfsi · pronoun, reflexivereflexive object of trovassetrovassefound herselftrovare · verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singularclausal complement of stupitaininin · prepositionpreposition marking casacasahousecasa · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of trovassesuahersuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on casa The stranger studied the humble surroundings, the frail little figure, the very pale face, the red hands of the little lady, and seemed perversely pleased by what she saw.
LaTheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of stranierastranierastrangerstraniero · noun, feminine, singularsubject of osservavaosservavastudiedosservare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencel’theil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of ambienteambientesurroundingsambiente · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of osservavaumilehumbleumile · adjective, singularmodifies ambientelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of personcinapersoncinalittle figurepersoncina · noun, feminine, singularcoordinated direct object of osservavadiafanafraildiafano · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies personcinailtheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of voltovoltofacevolto · noun, masculine, singularcoordinated direct object of osservavapallidissimovery palepallido · adjective, masculine, singular, absolute superlativemodifies voltoletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of manimanihandsmano · noun, feminine, pluralcoordinated direct object of osservavarosseredrosso · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies manidellaof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking signorapiccolalittlepiccolo · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies signorasignoraladysignora · noun, feminine, singularpossessor of manieande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsembravaseemedsembrare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with osservavaseherselfsi · pronoun, reflexivereflexive object of trovasseneof itne · pronoun, adverbialoblique complement of trovasse"Trovarsene soddisfatta" idiomatically means to find oneself pleased with/about it.
trovassefoundtrovare · verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singularclausal complement of sembravaperfidamenteperverselyperfidamente · adverbmodifies soddisfattasoddisfattapleasedsoddisfatto · adjective, feminine, singularcomplement of trovasse- 8
“Listen,” she said in a guttural voice, the syllables gurgling in her throat, “I have come to bring you news of your little girl.”
SentaListensentire · verb, formal imperative (Lei), third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceFormal (Lei) imperative, built on the present subjunctive.
dissesaiddire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the reporting clauseconincon · prepositionpreposition marking vocevocevoicevoce · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of dissegutturalegutturalgutturale · adjective, singularmodifies voceeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgorgogliandogurglinggorgogliare · verb, gerundadverbial gerund on disseletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of sillabesillabesyllablessillaba · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of gorgogliandoininin · prepositionpreposition marking golagolathroatgola · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of gorgogliandovengohave comevenire · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of darledarlebring youdare le · verb, infinitive + clitic pronouncomplement of vengonotizienewsnotizia · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of darledellaofdi il · prepositionpreposition marking bambinasuayoursuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on bambinabambinalittle girlbambino · noun, feminine, singularmodifies notizie - 9
Signora V*** lifted her head sharply, blushed, and then turned paler still than before.
Latheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of signorasignoraSignorasignora · noun, feminine, singularsubject of alzòVV.V · proper nounmodifies signoraalzòliftedalzare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencevivamentesharplyvivamente · adverbmodifies alzòlatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of testatestaheadtesta · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of alzòarrossìblushedarrossire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with alzòeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpoithenpoi · adverbmodifies fecesiherselfsi · pronoun, reflexivereflexive marker with fece (farsi)feceturnedfare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with alzòancorstillancora · adverbmodifies piùpiùmorepiù · adverbmodifies pallidapallidapalepallido · adjective, feminine, singularcomplement of fecedithandi · prepositionpreposition marking primaprimabeforeprima · adverboblique complement of pallida - 10
“Don't be frightened: good news!”
NonDon'tnon · adverbmodifies spaventisiyourselfsi · pronoun, reflexivereflexive object of spaventispaventibe frightenedspaventare · verb, formal imperative (Lei), third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencenotizienewsnotizia · noun, feminine, pluralhead of the phrasebuonegoodbuono · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies notizie “I spend the whole winter at Albano.”
IoIio · pronoun, singularsubject of stostospendstare · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentencetuttothe wholetutto · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on invernol’theil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of invernoinvernowinterinverno · noun, masculine, singulartemporal complement of stoadata · prepositionpreposition marking AlbanoAlbanoAlbanoAlbano · proper nounoblique complement of sto“Your little girl's wet-nurse is my gardener's daughter…”
Latheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of baliabaliawet-nursebalia · noun, feminine, singularsubject of èdellaof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking bimbasuayoursuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on bimbabimbalittle girlbimbo · noun, feminine, singularmodifies baliaèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking balia to figlialatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of figliafigliadaughterfiglia · noun, feminine, singularpredicate complement of èdelof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking giardinieremiomymio · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on giardinieregiardinieregardenergiardiniere · noun, masculine, singularmodifies figlia- 11
“Ah!” cried Signora V***.
AhAhah · interjectionhead of the phrasegridòcriedgridare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of signorasignoraSignorasignora · noun, feminine, singularsubject of gridòVV.V · proper nounmodifies signora - 12
What tenderness, what joy, what sweetness, what love trembled in that cry!
CheWhatche · determiner, exclamativedeterminer of tenerezzatenerezzatendernesstenerezza · noun, feminine, singularsubject of vibraronochewhatche · determiner, exclamativedeterminer of gioiagioiajoygioia · noun, feminine, singularcoordinated with tenerezzachewhatche · determiner, exclamativedeterminer of dolcezzadolcezzasweetnessdolcezza · noun, feminine, singularcoordinated with tenerezzachewhatche · determiner, exclamativedeterminer of amoreamoreloveamore · noun, masculine, singularcoordinated with tenerezzavibraronotrembledvibrare · verb, past historic, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentenceininin · prepositionpreposition marking gridoquelthatquello · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of gridogridocrygrido · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of vibrarono She would have liked to kiss the hem of the stranger's cloak, simply because the stranger's gardener was the wet-nurse's father.
EllaSheella · pronoun, feminine, singularsubject of volutoavrebbewouldavere · auxiliary verb, conditional, third-person, singularauxiliary of volutovolutowantedvolere · verb, past participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentencebaciarto kissbaciare · verb, infinitivecomplement of volutoiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of lembolembohemlembo · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of baciardelof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking mantellomantellocloakmantello · noun, masculine, singularmodifies lembodellaof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking stranierastranierastrangerstraniero · noun, feminine, singularmodifies mantellosoloonlysolo · adverbmodifies the perché clauseperchèbecauseperché · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of avevalatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of stranierastranierastrangerstraniero · noun, feminine, singularsubject of avevaavevahadavere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the perché clauseperasper · prepositionpreposition marking giardinieregiardinieregardenergiardiniere · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of avevailtheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of padrepadrefatherpadre · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of avevadellaof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking baliabaliawet-nursebalia · noun, feminine, singularmodifies padre- 13
And the stranger began a sort of interrogation.
EAnde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of stranierastranierastrangerstraniero · noun, feminine, singularsubject of cominciòcominciòbegancominciare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of speciespeciesortspecie · noun, femininedirect object of cominciòd’ofdi · prepositionpreposition marking interrogatoriointerrogatoriointerrogationinterrogatorio · noun, masculine, singularmodifies specie - 14
“Is it long since you have seen the child?”
ÈIs itessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to moltodaforda · prepositionpreposition marking moltomoltolongmolto · adverbhead of the phrasechesinceche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vedenonnotnon · adverbmodifies vede"è da molto che non vede" is the idiom "it's been a long time since you've seen"; the negation is grammatically required, not literal.
vedeseevedere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularverb of the che clause on moltoThird-person "vede" is the polite/formal address ("lei"), equivalent to "you" here.
latheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of bimbabimbachildbimbo · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of vede - 15
“Two months.”
DaForda · prepositionpreposition marking mesiduetwodue · numeralquantifies mesimesimonthsmese · noun, masculine, pluralhead of the phrase - 16
“Why don't you nurse her yourself?”
PerchèWhyperché · adverbmodifies allattanondon'tnon · adverbmodifies allattaallattanurseallattare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceThird-person "allatta" addresses the mother formally ("lei"), equivalent to "you".
leiyoulei · pronoun, singularsubject of allatta - 17
“I was nursing her; but I am so anemic that I had to stop.”
AllattavoI was nursingallattare · verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentencemabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsonamessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularcopula linking to anemicacosìsocosì · adverbmodifies anemicaanemicaanemicanemico · adjective, feminine, singularhead of the phrasechethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the result clause of ho dovutohohaveavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularauxiliary of dovutodovutohad todovere · auxiliary verb, past participle, masculine, singularauxiliary of smetteresmetterestopsmettere · verb, infinitivecomplement of dovuto - 18
“Why didn't you take the wet-nurse into your home?”
PerchèWhyperché · adverbmodifies presenondidn'tnon · adverbmodifies presepresetakeprendere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of baliabaliawet-nursebalia · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of preseinintoin · prepositionpreposition marking casacasahomecasa · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of prese - 19
The young woman looked at the lady with her large grieving gray eyes wide open, as if to say: Ah, for you, with that cloak there… a cloak my husband's whole year's salary would not suffice to buy… for you everything is easy; for us, if you only knew!
LaTheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of giovinettagiovinettayoung womangiovinetta · noun, feminine, singularsubject of guardòguardòlooked atguardare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of damadamaladydama · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of guardòconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking occhioniglitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of occhioniocchionibig eyesocchione · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of guardògrigigraygrigio · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies occhionidolentigrievingdolente · adjective, pluralmodifies occhionispalancatiwide openspalancato · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies occhionicomeascome · adverbmodifies dirlepertoper · prepositionintroduces the clause of dirledirletell herdire le · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on guardòEhAheh · interjectionhead of the phraseperforper · prepositionpreposition marking leileiyoulei · pronoun, feminine, singularoblique complement of Ehchewhoche · pronounsubject of hahahasavere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on leiquelthatquello · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of mantellomantellocloakmantello · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of halìtherelì · adverbmodifies mantellomantellocloakmantello · noun, masculine, singularantecedent of the relative clause introduced by chechewhichche · pronoundirect object of comprarelotheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of stipendiostipendiosalarystipendio · noun, masculine, singularsubject of basterebbed’ofdi · prepositionpreposition marking announauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of annoannoyearanno · noun, masculine, singularmodifies stipendiodiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking maritomiomymio · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on maritomaritohusbandmarito · noun, masculine, singularmodifies annononnotnon · adverbmodifies basterebbebasterebbewould sufficebastare · verb, present, conditional, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of comprarecomprarebuycomprare · verb, infinitivecomplement of basterebbeperforper · prepositionpreposition marking leileiyoulei · pronoun, feminine, singularoblique complement of faciletuttoeverythingtutto · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of facileèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to facilefacileeasyfacile · adjective, singularhead of the phraseperforper · prepositionpreposition marking noinoiusnoi · pronoun, pluralhead of the phraseseifse · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sapessesapesseknewsapere · verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singularconditional clause on the sentenceThird-person "sapesse" is formal address ("lei"), equivalent to "you".
- 20
“Wet-nurses cost a fortune here!”
LeTheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of baliebaliewet-nursesbalia · noun, feminine, pluralsubject of costanoquiherequi · adverbmodifies costanocostanocostcostare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentence “We are not rich: to pay the wet-nurse we had to send away our maid.”
NoiWenoi · pronoun, pluralsubject of ricchinonnotnon · adverbmodifies ricchisiamoareessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, pluralcopula linking to ricchiricchirichricco · adjective, masculine, pluralhead of the phrasepertoper · prepositionintroduces the clause of pagarepagarepaypagare · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on mandatolatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of baliabaliawet-nursebalia · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of pagareabbiamohaveavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, pluralauxiliary of mandatomandatosentmandare · verb, past participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentenceviaawayvia · adverbmodifies mandatolatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of servaservamaidserva · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of mandato- 21
“And how do you manage without a maid?”
EAnde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationcomehowcome · adverbmodifies fafamanagefare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencesenzawithoutsenza · prepositionpreposition marking servaservamaidserva · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of fa - 22
“There's a woman who does my marketing; the rest I do myself.”
C’Thereci · pronounexpletive with èèisessere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of donnadonnawomandonna · noun, feminine, singularsubject of èchewhoche · pronounsubject of famimemi · pronoun, singularindirect object of fafadoesfare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on donnalatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of spesaspesamarketingspesa · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of failtheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of restorestorestresto · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of faccio (dislocated topic, resumed by lo)loitlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of facciofacciodofare · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceioIio · pronoun, singularsubject of faccio - 23
“Is your husband a clerk?”
SuoYoursuo · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on maritomaritohusbandmarito · noun, masculine, singularsubject of passive impiegatoèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularpassive auxiliary of impiegatoimpiegatoa clerkimpiegare · verb, past participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentence - 24
“Why, yes!”
MaWhyma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsìyessì · adverbhead of the phrase “He was a post-and-telegraph clerk; a hundred and thirteen lire and ninety-three centesimi a month.”
Erawasessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularpassive auxiliary of impiegatoimpiegatoemployedimpiegare · verb, past participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentencealleat thea il · prepositionpreposition marking postepostepost officeposta · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of impiegatoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtelegrafitelegraphtelegrafo · noun, masculine, pluralcoordinated with postecentohundredcento · numeralquantifies tredicitredicithirteentredici · numeralhead of the phraseeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnovantatrèninety-threenovantatré · numeralcoordinated with tredicialaa il · prepositionpreposition marking mesemesemonthmese · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of novantatrèWhat else did she want to know?
CheWhatche · determinerdeterminer of altroaltroelsealtro · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of saperevolevadid wantvolere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of saperesapereknowsapere · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceEven what they were going to eat that day?…
AncheEvenanche · adverbmodifies quelloquellowhatquello · pronoun, masculine, singularhead of the phrasechethatche · pronoundirect object of mangiaredovevanowere todovere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluralauxiliary of mangiaremangiareeatmangiare · verb, infinitiverelative clause on quelloquelthatquello · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of giornogiornodaygiorno · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of mangiareBy now Signora V*** was beginning to grow annoyed at the stranger's indiscreet curiosity.
OramaiBy noworamai · adverbmodifies cominciavalatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of signorasignoraSignorasignore · noun, feminine, singularsubject of cominciavaVV***V · proper nounmodifies signoracominciavawas beginningcominciare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of seccarsiseccarsigrow annoyedseccare si · verb, infinitivecomplement of cominciavadellaatdi il · prepositionpreposition marking curiositàcuriositàcuriositycuriosità · noun, feminineoblique complement of seccarsiindiscretaindiscreetindiscreto · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies curiositàdellaof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking stranierastranierastranger'sstraniero · noun, feminine, singularmodifies curiositàAt last the lady made up her mind to give her name, an outlandish name that Signora V*** tried to repeat to herself, without success.
FinalmenteAt lastfinalmente · adverbmodifies deciselatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of damadamaladydama · noun, feminine, singularsubject of decisesiherselfsi · pronounexpletive with decise"decidersi" (reflexive) = "to make up one's mind".
decisedecideddecidere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of dirediregivedire · verb, infinitivecomplement of deciseiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of nomesuohersuo · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on nomenomenamenome · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of direunanuno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of nomenomenamenome · noun, masculine, singularin apposition to nomeostrogotooutlandishostrogoto · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies nomeLiterally "Ostrogothic"; used figuratively for a strange, barbarous-sounding name.
chethatche · pronoundirect object of ripeterelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of signorasignoraSignorasignore · noun, feminine, singularsubject of provòVV***V · proper nounmodifies signoraprovòtriedprovare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on nomeatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of ripetereripetererepeatripetere · verb, infinitivecomplement of provòfratofra · prepositionpreposition marking sèsèherselfsé · pronounoblique complement of ripeteresenzawithoutsenza · prepositionintroduces the clause of riuscirviriuscirvisucceedingriuscire vi · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on ripetere- 25
“Now then,” the stranger then said, “do you love your little girl very much?”
EccoNow thenecco · adverbhead of the phrasedissesaiddire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencepoithenpoi · adverbmodifies disselatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of stranierastranierastrangerstraniero · noun, feminine, singularsubject of dissevuoledo lovevolere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularparallel clause to disse"voler bene a qualcuno" is the idiom "to love/be fond of someone"; third-person is formal address ("lei") = "you".
moltovery muchmolto · adverbmodifies benebene(particle)bene · adverbmodifies vuoleallatoa il · prepositionpreposition marking bambinasuayoursuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on bambinabambinalittle girlbambino · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of vuole - 26
The grieving gray eyes opened wide again.
Itheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of occhionidolentigrievingdolente · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies occhioniocchionieyesocchione · noun, masculine, pluralsubject of spalancarono'occhioni' is an augmentative of 'occhi', literally 'big eyes'.
grigigraygrigio · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies occhionisi(reflexive)si · pronounreflexive particle of spalancaronospalancaronoopened widespalancare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencediagaindi · prepositionpart of the idiom di nuovo'di nuovo' idiomatically means 'again'.
nuovoagainnuovo · adjective, masculine, singularpart of the idiom di nuovo Were those questions even worth asking?
Eranowereessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluralcopula linking to domandedomandequestionsdomanda · noun, feminine, pluralpredicate noun of Eranodatoda · prepositionintroduces the gerundive clause farsifarsibe askedfarsi · verb, infinitivegerundive clause modifying domande'da farsi' is a passive/impersonal infinitive construction: 'worth asking'.
quellethosequello · pronoun, feminine, pluralpostposed subject of Erano- 27
“And do you have no children?” the little lady asked boldly.
Eande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationleiyoulei · pronoun, singularsubject of ha'Lei' is the formal, polite 'you'.
diofdi · prepositionintroduces the dislocated topic bambini, resumed by nebambinichildrenbambino · noun, masculine, pluralobject of dinonnotnon · adverbmodifies haneanyne · pronoundirect object of ha (partitive, referring to bambini)hahaveavere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencechieseaskedchiedere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencearditamenteboldlyarditamente · adverbmodifies chieselatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of signorapiccolalittlepiccolo · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies signorasignoraladysignore · noun, feminine, singularsubject of chiese - 28
“No.”
Nonono · interjectionhead of the phrase - 29
The strange question was understandable, then.
Si(impersonal)si · pronounimpersonal/passive particle of capiva'si' + verb here forms an impersonal/passive construction: 'was understood'.
capivawas understoodcapire · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceallorathenallora · adverbmodifies capivalatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of domandastranastrangestrano · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies domandadomandaquestiondomanda · noun, feminine, singularsubject of capiva (si-passive) - 30
“Do I love her!”
Seof coursese · interjectionemphatic marker introducing the exclamationleherle · pronoun, feminine, singularindirect object of vogliovogliolovevolere · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentencebenewellbene · adverbmodifies voglio'volere bene a qualcuno' idiomatically means 'to love someone'.
“Ah, it cannot be put into words, dear lady!”
Ahahah · interjectiondiscourse markernonnotnon · adverbmodifies puòsi(impersonal)si · pronounimpersonal/passive particle with direpuòcanpotere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of diredirebe saiddire · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentencecaradearcaro · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies signorasignoraladysignore · noun, feminine, singularvocative address“It cannot be said!”
Nonnotnon · adverbmodifies puòsi(impersonal)si · pronounimpersonal/passive particle with direpuòcanpotere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of diredirebe saiddire · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentence“It cannot be!…”
Nonnotnon · adverbmodifies puòsi(impersonal)si · pronounimpersonal/passive particle of puòpuòcan bepotere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentence“It is a love, that for one's children, which surpasses everything, every word.”
Èisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to affettounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of affettoaffettoloveaffetto · noun, masculine, singularpredicate noun of Èquellothatquello · pronoun, masculine, singularin apposition to affettopeiforper il · prepositionpreposition marking figlifiglichildrenfiglio · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of quellochewhichche · pronounsubject of superasuperasurpassessuperare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause modifying quelloognieveryogni · determiner, singulardeterminer of cosacosathingcosa · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of superaognieveryogni · determiner, singulardeterminer of parolaparolawordparola · noun, feminine, singularcoordinated with cosa, second object of supera- 31
The lady pressed her lips together, her small disdainful mouth, and seemed put out, less by the words themselves than by the young mother's moved tone.
Latheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of damadamaladydama · noun, feminine, singularsubject of strinsestrinsepressed togetherstringere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of boccaboccalipsbocca · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of strinselatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of boccapiccolasmallpiccolo · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies boccaboccamouthbocca · noun, feminine, singularin apposition to bocca (w5)sdegnosadisdainfulsdegnoso · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies boccaeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationparveseemedparere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with strinsecontrariataput outcontrariato · adjective, feminine, singularcomplement of parvepiùmorepiù · adverbintroduces the comparison più chechethanche · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase piùdallebyda il · prepositionpreposition marking paroleparolewordsparola · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of parvedall’byda il · prepositionpreposition marking accentoaccentotoneaccento · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of parvecommossomovedcommosso · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies accentodellaofdi il · prepositionpreposition marking madregiovineyounggiovine · adjective, singularmodifies madremadremothermadre · noun, feminine, singularcomplement of accento (via della) But she said:
Mabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdissesaiddire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentence- 32
“You are right.”
Haareavere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceragionerightragione · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of Ha'avere ragione' idiomatically means 'to be right'.
“And besides, your little girl is so sweet: I see her every day: the wet-nurse takes her walking in my garden.”
Eppoibesideseppoi · adverbconnects the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of bambinasuayoursuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on bambinabambinalittle girlbambino · noun, feminine, singularsubject of è (copula)èisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to carinacosìsocosì · adverbmodifies carinacarinasweetcarino · adjective, feminine, singularpredicate adjective, complement of èioIio · pronoun, singularsubject of vedolaherla · pronoun, feminine, singulardirect object of vedovedoseevedere · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceognieveryogni · determiner, singulardeterminer of giornogiornodaygiorno · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of vedolatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of baliabaliawet-nursebalia · noun, feminine, singularsubject of conducelaherla · pronoun, feminine, singulardirect object of conduceconducetakescondurre · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceafora · prepositionpreposition marking spassospassoa walkspasso · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of conduce'a spasso' idiomatically means 'for a walk'.
nelinin il · prepositionpreposition marking giardinomiomymio · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on giardinogiardinogardengiardino · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of conduce (location)“And the little one knows me: when she sees me she gives little cries: I put my finger in the dimple of her rosy chin and she smiles.”
Eande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of piccinapiccinalittle onepiccina · noun, feminine, singularsubject of conoscemimemi · pronoun, singulardirect object of conosceconosceknowsconoscere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencequandowhenquando · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vedemimemi · pronoun, singulardirect object of vedevedeseesvedere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularadverbial clause on dàdàgivesdare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencedeisomedi il · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of gridipiccolilittlepiccolo · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies gridigridicriesgrido · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of dàioIio · pronoun, singularsubject of mettomettoputmettere · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of ditoditofingerdito · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of mettonellainin il · prepositionpreposition marking fossettafossettadimplefossetta · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of mettodelofdi il · prepositionpreposition marking mentosuohersuo · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on mentoroseorosyroseo · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies mentomentochinmento · noun, masculine, singularmodifies fossettaedande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationessasheesso · pronoun, feminine, singularsubject of sorridesorridesmilessorridere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with metto“She looks like a little bird.”
Sembralooks likesembrare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of uccellinouccellinolittle birduccellino · noun, masculine, singularsubject of Sembra- 33
“Oh, my God, my God!” said the mother, in ecstasy.
Ohohoh · interjectiondiscourse markerDioGoddio · noun, masculine, singularhead of the phrasemiomymio · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on DioDioGoddio · noun, masculine, singularcoordinated with Diomiomymio · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on Diodissesaiddire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of madremadremothermadre · noun, feminine, singularsubject of disseininin · prepositionpreposition marking estasiestasiecstasyestasi · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of disse - 34
“And does your husband love her?”
Eande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsuoyoursuo · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on maritomaritohusbandmarito · noun, masculine, singularsubject of vuolleherle · pronoun, feminine, singularindirect object of vuolvuollovevolere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencebenewellbene · adverbmodifies vuol - 35
“Whom, the little girl?”
Atoa · prepositionpreposition marking chichiwhomchi · pronounhead of the phraseallatoa il · prepositionpreposition marking bimbabimbalittle girlbimbo · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of chi “He is mad about her.”
Neabout herne · pronouncomplement of pazzo (about her)vaisandare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencepazzomadpazzo · adjective, masculine, singularpredicate complement of va'andare pazzo di qualcuno' idiomatically means 'to be mad/crazy about someone'.
“Perhaps, before she came, he didn't want her: life is already hard enough when there are two of you; but afterward!”
Forseperhapsforse · adverbmodifies desideravaprimabeforeprima · adverbintroduces the clause of venissechethatche · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase primavenissecamevenire · verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singularadverbial clause on desideravanonnotnon · adverbmodifies desideravalaherla · pronoun, feminine, singulardirect object of desideravadesideravawanteddesiderare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of vitavitalifevita · noun, feminine, singularsubject of è (copula)èisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to difficilegiàalreadygià · adverbmodifies difficilecosìsocosì · adverbmodifies difficiledifficileharddifficile · adjective, singularpredicate adjective, complement of èquandowhenquando · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause si è in duesi(impersonal)si · pronounimpersonal particle of èèisessere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the subordinate clauseininin · prepositionpreposition marking dueduetwodue · numeralobject of in, predicate complement of è'in due' idiomatically means 'as a couple, there being two of you'.
mabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpoiafterwardpoi · adverbhead of the phrase“But afterward!”
Mabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpoiafterwardpoi · adverbhead of the phrase“No happiness compares to that of having a child, of whom one can say: mine, his, ours!”
Nessunanonessuno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of felicitàfelicitàhappinessfelicità · noun, feminine, singularsubject of è (copula)èisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to paragonabileparagonabilecomparableparagonabile · adjective, singularpredicate adjective, complement of èatoa · prepositionpreposition marking quellaquellathatquello · pronoun, feminine, singularoblique complement of paragonabiled’ofdi · prepositionintroduces the clause of averaverhavingavere · verb, infinitiveclause modifying quellaunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of figliofigliochildfiglio · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of averdelofdi il · prepositionpreposition marking qualequalewhomquale · pronoun, singularrelative pronoun, object of del, referring to figliopotercanpotere · auxiliary verb, infinitiveauxiliary of dirediresaydire · verb, infinitiverelative clause on figliomiominemio · pronoun, masculine, singularhead of the phrasesuohissuo · pronoun, masculine, singularcoordinated with mionostrooursnostro · pronoun, masculine, singularcoordinated with mio“Ah, my dear lady!”
Ahahah · interjectiondiscourse markersignoraladysignore · noun, feminine, singularvocative addressmiamymio · determiner, feminine, singularmodifies signora- 36
“What will you make of your daughter?”
Chewhatche · pronoundirect object of faràneof herne · pronounresumes di sua figliafaràwill makefare · verb, future, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencediofdi · prepositionpreposition marking figliasuayoursuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on figliafigliadaughterfiglia · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of farà - 37
“Well… who knows!”
Mahwellmah · interjectionhead of the phrasechiwhochi · pronounsubject of saloitlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of sasaknowssapere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentence “She is so small!”
Èisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to piccinacosìsocosì · adverbmodifies piccinapiccinasmallpiccino · adjective, feminine, singularpredicate adjective, complement of È“And yet I have an extravagant idea.”
Eppureand yeteppure · conjunctionlinks the coordinationioIio · pronoun, singularsubject of hohohaveavere · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceun’anuno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of ideaideaideaidea · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of hostravaganteextravagantstravagante · adjective, singularmodifies idea- 38
“Let's hear it.”
Sentiamolet's hearsentire · verb, present, indicative, first-person, pluralmain verb of the sentence - 39
“That she ought to become a great singer…”
Chethatche · pronounintroduces the clause of diventaredebbaought todovere · auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singularauxiliary of diventarediventarebecomediventare · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of cantantegrandegreatgrande · adjective, singularmodifies cantantecantantesingercantante · noun, singularcomplement of diventare “I don't know why I have this idea.”
Nonnotnon · adverbmodifies sosoknowsapere · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceperchèwhyperché · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hohistorical spelling 'perchè'; modern standard is 'perché'.
hohaveavere · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularclausal complement of soquestathisquesto · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of ideaideaideaidea · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of ho“In any case we shall have her taught some art or trade: nowadays a woman who knows how to do nothing is worth nothing.”
Adina · prepositionpreposition marking modoognieveryogni · determiner, singulardeterminer of modomodocasemodo · noun, masculine, singularpart of the fixed phrase 'ad ogni modo', modifies the sentenceun’anuno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of artearteartarte · noun, feminine, singularfronted object of apprendere, resumed by glieloooro · conjunctionlinks the coordinationunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of mestieremestieretrademestiere · noun, masculine, singularcoordinated with arteglieloto hergli lo · pronoun, masculine, singulardative+accusative clitic of faremo apprendere, resuming arte/mestiereclitic cluster 'gli' (to her) + 'lo' (it), resuming the fronted 'un'arte o un mestiere'.
faremoshall havefare · verb, future, indicative, first-person, pluralmain verb of the sentenceapprenderelearnapprendere · verb, infinitiveclausal complement of faremooramainowadaysoramai · adverbmodifies valunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of donnadonnawomandonna · noun, feminine, singularsubject of valchewhoche · pronounsubject of sanonnotnon · adverbmodifies sasaknows howsapere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of farfarto dofare · verb, infinitivecomplement of sanullanothingnulla · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of farnonnotnon · adverbmodifies valvalis worthvalere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb, predicate of donnanullanothingnulla · pronoun, singulardirect object of val- 40
Silence.
Silenziosilencesilenzio · noun, masculine, singularhead of the phrase The lady seemed to be reflecting on the young mother's axiom.
Latheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of damadamaladydama · noun, feminine, singularsubject of parevaparevaseemedparere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencerifletterereflectingriflettere · verb, infinitivecomplement of parevasull’on thesu il · prepositionpreposition marking assiomaassiomaaxiomassioma · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of riflettere'assioma' is masculine in Italian despite the -a ending (like problema, tema).
dellaof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking madregiovaneyounggiovane · adjective, singularmodifies madremadremothermadre · noun, feminine, singularmodifies assiomaShe was thinking about her daughter's destiny.
Questashequesto · pronoun, feminine, singularsubject of pensavapensavawas thinkingpensare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencealabouta il · prepositionpreposition marking destinodestinodestinydestino · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of pensavadiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking figliasuahersuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on figliafigliadaughterfiglia · noun, feminine, singularmodifies destino- 41
At last the stranger adjusted her spectacles, raised her head with a lioness's gesture, and stated the purpose of her visit.
Finalmenteat lastfinalmente · adverbmodifies accomodòlatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of stranierastranierastrangerstraniero · noun, feminine, singularsubject of accomodòs’herselfsi · pronoun, reflexiveexpletive with accomodòaccomodòadjustedaccomodare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceglitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of occhiali'gli' is the definite article on 'occhiali' (body-related possession construction); the possessive sense ('her') is already carried by the reflexive 's''accomodò', so duplicating it onto the article as 'her' assigns the same sense twice.
occhialispectaclesocchiale · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of accomodòsollevòraisedsollevare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with accomodòlatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of testatestaheadtesta · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of sollevòconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking gestounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of gestogestogesturegesto · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of sollevòdaof ada · prepositionpreposition marking leonessaleonessalionessleonessa · noun, feminine, singularmodifies gestoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdissestateddire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with accomodòlotheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of scoposcopopurposescopo · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of dissedellaof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking visitasuahersuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on visitavisitavisitvisita · noun, feminine, singularmodifies scopo Here it was: she wanted to adopt the V***s' little girl; in this way the child would become rich, happy.
Eccohere isecco · adverbmodifies tuttotuttoeverythingtutto · pronoun, masculine, singularhead of the phraseellasheella · pronoun, feminine, singularsubject of adottarevolevawantedvolere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of adottareadottareadoptadottare · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of bambinabambinagirlbambino · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of adottaredeiof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking VVV***V · proper noun, singularobject of the preposition deicosìthuscosì · adverbmodifies diventerebbelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of bambinabambinachildbambino · noun, feminine, singularsubject of diventerebbediventerebbewould becomediventare · verb, present, conditional, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencericcarichricco · adjective, feminine, singularcomplement of diventerebbefelicehappyfelice · adjective, singularcoordinated with riccaAnd the parents, since they loved her so much, ought to give her up without a murmur.
Eande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of genitorigenitoriparentsgenitore · noun, masculine, pluralsubject of cederlapoichèsincepoiché · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of volevanohistorical spelling 'poichè'; modern standard is 'poiché'.
leherle · pronoun, feminine, singularindirect object of volevanovolevanolovedvolere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluraladverbial clause on cederlatantoso muchtanto · adverbmodifies benebenedearlybene · adverbmodifies volevano'volere bene a' is idiomatic for 'to love'; 'bene' does not mean 'well' here.
dovevanoought todovere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluralauxiliary of cederlacederlagive her upcedere la · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesenzawithoutsenza · prepositionintroduces the clause of fiatarefiataremurmuringfiatare · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on cederla- 42
And Signora V*** truly did not breathe a word, from surprise, and even more from the anguish she felt at the mere thought of having to give up her child.
Eande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of signorasignoraSignorasignora · noun, feminine, singularsubject of fiatavaVV***V · proper noun, singularmodifies signoranonnotnon · adverbmodifies fiatavafiatavabreathedfiatare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencedavverotrulydavvero · adverbmodifies fiatavaperfromper · prepositionpreposition marking sorpresalatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of sorpresasorpresasurprisesorpresa · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of fiatavaeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpiùmorepiù · adverbmodifies ancoraancorastillancora · adverbmodifies spasimoperfromper · prepositionpreposition marking spasimolotheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of spasimospasimoanguishspasimo · noun, masculine, singularcoordinated with sorpresachethatche · pronoundirect object of provavaprovavafeltprovare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on spasimoalat thea il · prepositionpreposition marking pensierosolomeresolo · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies pensieropensierothoughtpensiero · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of provavadiofdi · prepositionintroduces the clause of cederedoverhaving todovere · auxiliary verb, infinitiveauxiliary of cederecederegive upcedere · verb, infinitivecomplement of pensierolatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of creaturasuahersuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on creaturacreaturachildcreatura · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of cedere - 43
Her child!
Latheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of creaturasuahersuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on creaturacreaturachildcreatura · noun, feminine, singularhead of the phrase Her little bird!
Iltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of uccellinosuohersuo · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on uccellinouccellinolittle birduccellino · noun, masculine, singularhead of the phraseHer life!
Latheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of vitasuahersuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on vitavitalifevita · noun, feminine, singularhead of the phraseHer universe!
Iltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of universosuohersuo · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on universouniversouniverseuniverso · noun, masculine, singularhead of the phraseHer little one!
Latheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of piccinasuahersuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on piccinapiccinalittle onepiccina · noun, feminine, singularhead of the phraseBut that stranger was mad, stark raving mad.
Mabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationquellathatquello · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of stranierastranierastrangerstraniero · noun, feminine, singularsubject of eraerawasessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to mattamattamadmatto · adjective, feminine, singularpredicate complement of eramattamadmatto · adjective, feminine, singularin apposition to matta, intensified by da legaredafit toda · prepositionintroduces the clause of legarelegarebe tiedlegare · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on matta'matta da legare' is idiomatic: 'stark raving mad', literally 'mad enough to be tied up'.
Signora V*** studied her closely; but then she remembered that the stranger had no children, and understood how certain proposals could be made.
Latheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of signorasignoraSignorasignora · noun, feminine, singularsubject of esaminòVV***V · proper noun, singularmodifies signoral’herla · pronoun, singulardirect object of esaminòesaminòstudiedesaminare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencebenecloselybene · adverbmodifies esaminòmabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpoithenpoi · adverbmodifies ricordòricordòrememberedricordare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencechethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of avevalatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of stranierastranierastrangerstraniero · noun, feminine, singularsubject of avevanonnotnon · adverbmodifies avevaavevahadavere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularclausal complement of ricordòfiglichildrenfiglio · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of avevaeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationcapìunderstoodcapire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with ricordòcomehowcome · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of faresibesi · pronoun, impersonalpassive/impersonal marker with potevano farepotevanocouldpotere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluralauxiliary of farefaremadefare · verb, infinitiveclausal complement of capìcertecertaincerto · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of proposteproposteproposalsproposta · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of fare- 44
“I shall speak of it with my husband,” she answered, just to say something.
Neof itne · pronounindirect object of parleròparleròshall speakparlare · verb, future, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking maritomiomymio · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on maritomaritohusbandmarito · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of parleròrisposeansweredrispondere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with parleròtantojusttanto · adverbmodifies per direpertoper · prepositionintroduces the clause of dirediresaydire · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on risposequalchesomequalche · determiner, singulardeterminer of cosacosasomethingcosa · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of dire Then she saw the stranger to the stairs, wishing to herself that, in going down, she would get tangled in her great cloak and go tumbling all the way to the bottom.
Poithenpoi · adverbmodifies accompagnòaccompagnòaccompaniedaccompagnare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of stranierastranierastrangerstraniero · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of accompagnòfinoas far asfino · adverbpreposition marking scalaallato thea il · prepositionpreposition marking scalascalastairsscala · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of accompagnòaugurandolewishing heraugurare · verb, gerundgerund clause modifying accompagnò'augurandole' bundles the gerund 'augurando' with the dative clitic 'le' (to/on her, referring to the stranger); the gloss 'wishing' alone drops that clitic's contribution entirely.
fratofra · prepositionobject of fra is sèsèherselfsé · pronounobject of frachethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of impigliassenelloinin il · prepositionpreposition marking scenderescenderegoing downscendere · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on impigliasses’getsi · pronoun, reflexiveexpletive with impigliasseimpigliassetangledimpigliare · verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singularclausal complement of augurandole, introduced by chenelin thein il · prepositionpreposition marking mantellonemantellonebig cloakmantellone · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of impigliasseeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrotolassetumblerotolare · verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singularcoordinated with impigliassesinoall the waysino · adverbpreposition marking fondointo thein · prepositionpart of the phrase sinofondobottomfondo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of rotolasseThen she went back in, but no longer remembered the stove, the pot, the hat; she only put her apron back on automatically, and went into the bedroom, knelt before the great white bed, and began to weep.
PoiThenpoi · adverbmodifies rientròrientròwent back inrientrare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencemabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnonnonon · adverbmodifies ricordòricordòrememberedricordare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with rientròpiùlongerpiù · adverbmodifies ricordòiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of fornellofornellostovefornello · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of ricordòlatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of pentolapentolapotpentola · noun, feminine, singularcoordinated with fornelloiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cappellocappellohatcappello · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of ricordòsoloonlysolo · adverbmodifies rimisesiherselfsi · pronounexpletive with rimiserimiseput back onrimettere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceautomaticamenteautomaticallyautomaticamente · adverbmodifies rimiseiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of grembialegrembialeaprongrembiale · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of rimiseedande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationentròwententrare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with rimiseinintoin · prepositionpreposition marking cameracamerabedroomcamera · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of entròs’herselfsi · pronoundepends on inginocchiòinginocchiòkneltinginocchiarsi · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with rimisedavantibeforedavanti · adverbpreposition marking lettoalthea il · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of lettograngreatgrande · adjective, singularmodifies lettolettobedletto · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of inginocchiòbiancowhitebianco · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies lettoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationcominciòbegancominciare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with rimiseatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of piangerepiangereweeppiangere · verb, infinitivecomplement of cominciòEvening fell: a melancholy moonbeam slanted in through the window, and the bed, on whose whiteness the curtains' arabesque shadow was traced, was covered all over with a faint golden glow.
Calòfellcalare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of seraseraeveningsera · noun, feminine, singularsubject of Calòunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of raggiomelanconicomelancholymelanconico · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies raggioraggiobeamraggio · noun, masculine, singularsubject of penetròdiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking lunalunamoonluna · noun, feminine, singularmodifies raggiopenetròslantedpenetrare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencediatdi · prepositionpreposition marking sbiecosbiecoa slantsbieco · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of penetròperthroughper · prepositionpreposition marking finestralatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of finestrafinestrawindowfinestra · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of penetròedande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of lettolettobedletto · noun, masculine, singularsubject of passive copertosulonsu il · prepositionpreposition marking candorecuiwhosecui · pronoun, singularmodifies candorecandorewhitenesscandore · noun, masculine, singularobject of suldisegnavasiwas traceddisegnare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular (reflexive/passive enclitic)relative clause modifying lettoArchaic enclitic word order: disegnavasi = si disegnava, "was being traced."
l’theil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of ombraombrashadowombra · noun, feminine, singularsubject of disegnavasiarabescataarabesquearabescato · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies ombradelleof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking cortinecortinecurtainscortina · noun, feminine, pluralmodifies ombrafuwasessere · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularpassive auxiliary of copertotuttoall overtutto · adverbmodifies copertocopertocoveredcoprire · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb (passive) of the clausedabyda · prepositionpreposition marking luminositàunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of luminositàtenuefainttenue · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies luminositàluminositàglowluminosità · noun, feminineagent of copertod’ofdi · prepositionpreposition marking oroorogoldoro · noun, masculine, singularmodifies luminositàThe young mother pictured herself again on that bed, with her little girl beside her; and the baby was smiling to herself, her first smile, as the angels must smile.
LaTheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of madregiovaneyounggiovane · adjective, singularmodifies madremadremothermadre · noun, feminine, singularsubject of rividesiherselfsi · pronounexpletive with rividerividepictured againrivedersi · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencesuonsu · prepositionpreposition marking lettoquelthatquello · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of lettolettobedletto · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of rivideconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking bambinalatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of bambinasuahersuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on bambinabambinalittle girlbambino · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of rivideabya · prepositionpreposition marking fiancofiancoher sidefianco · noun, masculine, singularmodifies bambinaeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of bambinabambinababybambino · noun, feminine, singularsubject of sorridevasorridevawas smilingsorridere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencefratofra · prepositionpreposition marking sèsèherselfsé · pronounoblique complement of sorridevailheril · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of sorrisoprimofirstprimo · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies sorrisosorrisosmilesorriso · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of sorridevacomeascome · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sorrideredevonomustdovere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, pluralauxiliary of sorrideresorrideresmilesorridere · verb, infinitivecomplement of devonoglitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of angeliangeliangelsangelo · noun, masculine, pluralsubject of sorridereNo other manifestation of human beauty, no spring dawn, nor the sun rising from the sea, nor the moon setting over the mountains, was as beautiful as that newborn creature's smile, as that dawn of life.
Nessun’Nonessuno · determiner, singulardeterminer of manifestazionealtraotheraltro · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies manifestazionemanifestazionemanifestationmanifestazione · noun, feminine, singularsubject of eranodiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking bellezzabellezzabeautybellezza · noun, feminine, singularmodifies manifestazioneumanahumanumano · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies bellezzanessunanonessuno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of auroraauroradawnaurora · noun, feminine, singularcoordinated with manifestazionediofdi · prepositionpreposition marking primaveraprimaveraspringprimavera · noun, feminine, singularmodifies auroranènorné · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of sorgeresorgererisingsorgere · noun, masculine, singularcoordinated with manifestazionedelof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking solesolesunsole · noun, masculine, singularmodifies sorgeredaifrom theda il · prepositionpreposition marking marimariseasmare · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of sorgerenènorné · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of tramontartramontarsettingtramontare · noun, masculine, singularcoordinated with manifestazionedellaof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking lunalunamoonluna · noun, feminine, singularmodifies tramontarsulleover thesu il · prepositionpreposition marking montagnemontagnemountainsmontagna · noun, feminine, pluralmodifies lunaeranowereessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluralcopula linking to bellibellibeautifulbello · adjective, masculine, pluralhead of the phrasecomeascome · prepositionpreposition marking sorrisoquelthatquello · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of sorrisosorrisosmilesorriso · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of bellidiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking creaturacreaturacreaturecreatura · noun, feminine, singularmodifies sorrisoappenajustappena · adverbmodifies natanatabornnascere · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies creaturacomeascome · prepositionpreposition marking albaquell’thatquello · determiner, singulardeterminer of albaalbadawnalba · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of bellidiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking vitavitalifevita · noun, feminine, singularmodifies alba- 45
Signor V***, young, fair-haired and thin, on returning from the office found his wife weeping, her head resting on the bed.
IlTheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of signorsignorSignorsignore · noun, masculine, singularsubject of trovòVV.V · proper nounmodifies signorgiovineyounggiovane · adjective, singularmodifies signorbiondofair-hairedbiondo · adjective, masculine, singularcoordinated with giovineeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmagrothinmagro · adjective, masculine, singularcoordinated with giovinenelonin il · prepositionpreposition marking ritornarritornarreturningritornare · verb, infinitiveoblique complement of trovòdall’from theda il · prepositionpreposition marking ufficioufficioofficeufficio · noun, masculine, singularmodifies ritornartrovòfoundtrovare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencesuahissuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on mogliemogliewifemoglie · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of trovòchewhoche · pronounsubject of piangevapiangevawas cryingpiangere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on mogliecolwith thecon il · prepositionpreposition marking capocapoheadcapo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of piangevaappoggiatorestingappoggiare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularclause modifying caposulon thesu il · prepositionpreposition marking lettolettobedletto · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of appoggiato - 46
“What is it?”
CheWhatche · pronoundirect object of haihaihaveavere · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentence he cried, frightened.
gridòcriedgridare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencespaventatofrightenedspaventare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularcomplement of gridò“Why are you sitting there in the dark?”
PerchèWhyperché · adverbmodifies seiseiareessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelìtherelì · adverbmodifies seialin thea il · prepositionpreposition marking buiobuiodarkbuio · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of sei“Why are you crying?”
PerchèWhyperché · adverbmodifies piangipiangiare cryingpiangere · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentence- 47
She got up.
EllaSheella · pronoun, third-person, feminine, singularsubject of alzòs’herselfsi · pronounexpletive with alzòalzògot upalzarsi · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentence - 48
“Listen.”
SentiListensentire · verb, imperative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentence “A lady came, a very rich foreign lady.”
Èhasessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of venutavenutacomevenire · verb, past, participle, feminine, singularmain verb of the sentenceunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of signorasignoraladysignore · noun, feminine, singularsubject of venutaunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of signoraricchissimavery richricchissimo · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies signorasignoraladysignore · noun, feminine, singularin apposition to the first signorastranieraforeignstraniero · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies signora“She wants our little girl: she will adopt her.”
Vuolewantsvolere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of bambinanostraournostro · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on bambinabambinalittle girlbambino · noun, feminine, singularsubject of Vuolelaherlo · pronoun, feminine, singulardirect object of adotteràadotteràwill adoptadottare · verb, future, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentence“We must give her to her.”
Glielaher to hergliela · pronoun cluster, indirect + direct objectindirect and direct object of dareGliela fuses glie- ("to her") with -la ("her/it"), doubling up the two people referred to.
dobbiamomustdovere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, pluralauxiliary of daredaregivedare · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentence- 49
The husband laughed.
IlTheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of maritomaritohusbandmarito · noun, masculine, singularsubject of riseriselaughedridere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentence - 50
“You are mad!”
TuYoutu · pronoun, singularsubject of mattaseiareessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularcopula linking to mattamattamadmatto · adjective, feminine, singularhead of the phrase “And so is she!”
EAnde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationquellashequello · pronoun, feminine, singularsubject of mattaèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to mattamattamadmatto · adjective, feminine, singularhead of the phrase- 51
“No, no, no!”
NoNono · interjectiondiscourse markernonono · interjectionhead of the phrasenonono · interjectioncoordinated with no sobbed the little lady.
singhiozzòsobbedsinghiozzare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of signorapiccolalittlepiccolo · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies signorasignoraladysignore · noun, feminine, singularsubject of singhiozzò“We are not mad: it's the truth.”
Nonnotnon · adverbmodifies mattesiamoareessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, pluralcopula linking to mattemattemadmatto · adjective, feminine, pluralhead of the phraseèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to veritàlatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of veritàveritàtruthverità · noun, femininehead of the phrase“The lady always sees the little girl, because the wet-nurse is her gardener's daughter, and she lives at Albano, and she recognizes her, and she looks like a little bird…”
LaTheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of signorasignoraladysignore · noun, feminine, singularsubject of vedevedeseesvedere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencesemprealwayssempre · adverbmodifies vedelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of bimbabimbalittle girlbimbo · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of vedeperchèbecauseperché · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of èlatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of baliabaliawet-nursebalia · noun, feminine, singularsubject of èèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to figliafigliadaughterfiglio · noun, feminine, singularpredicate noun of èdelof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking giardinieresuohersuo · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on giardinieregiardinieregardenergiardiniere · noun, masculine, singularprepositional complement of figliaeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstalivesstare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with èadata · prepositionpreposition marking AlbanoAlbanoAlbanoAlbano · proper nounoblique complement of staeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlaherlo · pronoun, feminine, singulardirect object of riconoscericonoscerecognizesriconoscere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with èeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsembralooks likesembrare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with èunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of uccellinouccellinolittle birduccellino · noun, masculine, singularcomplement of sembra- 52
“What? What?”
CosaWhatcosa · pronoun, singularhead of the phrasecosawhatcosa · pronoun, singularcoordinated with Cosa cried the husband, bewildered.
gridòcriedgridare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of maritomaritohusbandmarito · noun, masculine, singularsubject of gridòintontitobewilderedintontito · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies marito- 53
“The lady looks like a little bird?”
LaTheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of signorasignoraladysignore · noun, feminine, singularsubject of sembrasembralooks likesembrare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of uccellinouccellinolittle birduccellino · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of sembra “Or the gardener…”
OOro · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of giardinieregiardinieregardenergiardiniere · noun, masculine, singularhead of the phrase- 54
“No, no, no!”
NoNono · interjectiondiscourse markernonono · interjectionhead of the phrasenonono · interjectioncoordinated with no the little lady broke in.
interruppebroke ininterrompere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of signorapiccolalittlepiccolo · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies signorasignoraladysignore · noun, feminine, singularsubject of interruppe“Our little girl, our little bird.”
LaTheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of bambinanostraournostro · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on bambinabambinalittle girlbambino · noun, feminine, singularhead of the phraseiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of uccellinonostroournostro · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on uccellinouccellinolittle birduccellino · noun, masculine, singularin apposition to bambina- 55
And still weeping, she explained things more clearly, and concluded by saying that, for the child's own good, they must give her up.
EAnde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationcontinuandocontinuingcontinuare · verb, gerundadverbial clause on spiegòatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of piangerepiangereweeppiangere · verb, infinitivecomplement of continuandospiegòexplainedspiegare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencemegliomore clearlymeglio · adverbmodifies spiegòletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of cosecosethingscosa · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of spiegòeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationconcluseconcludedconcludere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with spiegòdicendosayingdire · verb, gerundadverbial clause on conclusechethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of cederlaperforper · prepositionpreposition marking beneiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of benebenegoodbene · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of cederladellaof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking bambinabambinachildbambina · noun, feminine, singularmodifies benedovevanohad todovere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluralauxiliary of cederlacederlagive her upcedere · verb, infinitiveclausal complement of dicendocederla = cedere + clitic la ("her"): "give her up".
- 56
Then the husband grew truly angry.
AlloraThenallora · adverbmodifies irritòiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of maritomaritohusbandmarito · noun, masculine, singularsubject of irritòs’himselfsi · pronoun, reflexivereflexive object of irritòElided si before a vowel; reflexive of irritarsi "to get angry".
irritògrew angryirritare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencesulon thesu il · prepositionpreposition marking serioserioearnestserio · adjective, masculine, singularoblique complement of irritòIdiom sul serio = "in earnest, truly."
- 57
“Give her up!”
CederlaGive her upcedere · verb, infinitivehead of the phraseCederla = cedere + clitic la ("her").
he cried. “Like a sack of coal, like a pair of boots!”
gridòcriedgridare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceComeLikecome · prepositionpreposition marking sacchettounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of sacchettosacchettosacksacchetto · noun, masculine, singularhead of the phrasediofdi · prepositionpreposition marking carbonecarbonecoalcarbone · noun, masculine, singularmodifies sacchettocomelikecome · prepositionpreposition marking paiounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of paiopaiopairpaio · noun, masculine, singularmodifies sacchettodiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking stivalistivalibootsstivale · noun, masculine, pluralmodifies paio“But you're out of your mind!”
MaButma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtuyoutu · pronoun, singularsubject of pazzaseiareessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularcopula linking to pazzapazzacrazypazzo · adjective, feminine, singularhead of the phrase“I never thought you were so mad!”
MaButma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnonnotnon · adverbmodifies credevocredevoI believedcredere · verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentencechethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fossituyoutu · pronoun, singularsubject of fossifossiwereessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, second-person, singularcopula linking to mattacosìsocosì · adverbmodifies mattamattamadmatto · adjective, feminine, singularclausal complement of credevo- 58
And he went on shouting, and insulted his wife, telling her that she wanted to sell her own child so that she could one day exploit her, and he added: “When that old witch comes back, I'll throw her down the stairs, shoving her with my fists, with my fists, with my fists!…”
EAnde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationcontinuòwent oncontinuare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of gridaregridareshoutinggridare · verb, infinitivecomplement of continuòeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationinsultòinsultedinsultare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with continuòlatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of mogliemogliewifemoglie · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of insultòdicendoletelling herdire · verb, gerundadverbial clause on continuòdicendole = dicendo + clitic le ("to her").
chethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vendervolevawantedvolere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of vendervendersellvendere · verb, infinitiveclausal complement of dicendolelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of creaturasuahersuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on creaturacreaturachildcreatura · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of venderperso thatper · prepositionintroduces the purpose clause of sfruttarlapoterbe ablepotere · auxiliary verb, infinitiveauxiliary of sfruttarlaunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of giornogiornodaygiorno · noun, masculine, singularadverbial complement of sfruttarlasfruttarlaexploit hersfruttare · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on vendersfruttarla = sfruttare + clitic la ("her").
edande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationaggiunseaddedaggiungere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with continuòQuandoWhenquando · adverbintroduces the clause of tornatornacomes backtornare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularadverbial clause on gettolatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of stregavecchiaoldvecchio · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies stregastregawitchstrega · noun, feminine, singularsubject of tornaioIio · pronoun, singularsubject of gettolaherlo · pronoun, feminine, singulardirect object of gettogettothrowgettare · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentencegiùdowngiù · adverbmodifies gettoperalongper · prepositionpreposition marking scaleletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of scalescalestairsscala · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of gettospingendolashoving herspingere · verb, gerundadverbial clause on gettospingendola = spingendo + clitic la ("her").
awitha · prepositionpreposition marking pugnipugnifistspugno · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of spingendolaawitha · prepositionpreposition marking pugnipugnifistspugno · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of spingendolaawitha · prepositionpreposition marking pugnipugnifistspugno · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of spingendola - 59
Then he went out, slamming the door.
PoiThenpoi · adverbmodifies uscìuscìwent outuscire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencesbattendoslammingsbattere · verb, gerundadverbial clause on uscìlatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of portaportadoorporta · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of sbattendo - 60
Signora V***, despite her husband's cruel and unjust insults, stopped crying, lit the lamp, and went back to the kitchen.
LaTheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of signorasignoraladysignore · noun, feminine, singularsubject of cessònonostantedespitenonostante · prepositionpreposition marking insultiglitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of insultiinsultiinsultsinsulto · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of cessòcrudelicruelcrudele · adjective, pluralmodifies insultieande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationingiustiunjustingiusto · adjective, pluralcoordinated with crudelidelof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking maritomaritohusbandmarito · noun, masculine, singularmodifies insulticessòstoppedcessare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceditodi · prepositionintroduces the clause of piangerepiangerecryingpiangere · verb, infinitivecomplement of cessòacceselitaccendere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with cessòiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of lumelumelamplume · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of accesetornòwent backtornare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with cessòintoin · prepositionpreposition marking cucinacucinakitchencucina · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of tornò She felt as if she had come back to life; she was so happy!
Leto herle · pronoun, feminine, singulardative complement of parevaparevaseemedparere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceditodi · prepositionintroduces the clause of rivivereriviverelive againrivivere · verb, infinitivecomplement of parevaerawasessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to felicecosìsocosì · adverbmodifies felicefelicehappyfelice · adjective, singularhead of the phrase- 61
But shortly afterward he came back: she started and grew uneasy, so gloomy, pale, and undone did he look.
MaButma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpocoshortlypoco · adverbmodifies tornòdopoafterdopo · adverbpart of the phrase pocoegliheegli · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of tornòtornòcame backtornare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceellasheella · pronoun, feminine, singularsubject of trasalìtrasalìstartedtrasalire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsiherselfsi · pronoun, reflexivereflexive object of turbòReflexive of turbarsi "to grow uneasy."
turbògrew troubledturbare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with trasalìtantosotanto · adverbmodifies cupoegliheegli · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of cupoerawasessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to cupocupogloomycupo · adjective, masculine, singularadverbial clause on turbòlividolividlivido · adjective, masculine, singularcoordinated with cupodisfattoundonedisfatto · adjective, masculine, singularcoordinated with cupo - 62
“Listen,” he said, “you are right.”
SentiListensentire · verb, imperative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentencedissesaiddire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceegliheegli · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of dissetuyoutu · pronoun, singularsubject of haihaihaveavere · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the quoted clauseavere ragione = "to be right" (literally "to have reason").
ragionerightragione · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of hai “We mustn't be selfish; for her own good we must give her up” (he actually said the horrible word).
Nonnotnon · adverbmodifies bisognabisognamustbisognare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceesserebeessere · auxiliary verb, infinitivecopula linking to egoistiegoistiselfishegoista · adjective, masculine, pluralclausal complement of bisognaperforper · prepositionpreposition marking beneiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of benesuohersuo · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on benebenegoodbene · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of cederladobbiamomustdovere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, pluralauxiliary of cederlacederlagive her upcedere · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentencecederla = cedere + clitic la ("her").
dissesaiddire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the parenthetical clauseproprioactuallyproprio · adverbmodifies dissel’theil · determiner, singulardeterminer of parolaorribilehorribleorribile · adjective, singularmodifies parolaparolawordparola · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of disse“We'll make ourselves another one.”
NoiWenoi · pronoun, pluralsubject of faremoceourselvesci · pronoun, reflexivereflexive object of faremoce (elided ci) before ne; reflexive dative of faremo.
neof itne · pronoun, partitivepartitive object of faremofaremowe'll makefare · verb, future, indicative, first-person, pluralmain verb of the sentenceun’auno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of altraaltraanotheraltro · pronoun, feminine, singulardirect object of faremo- 63
And he laughed; and the young mother laughed too; but their laughter seemed like the grin of skeletons.
EAnde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationriselaughedridere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationanchetooanche · adverbmodifies madrelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of madregiovineyounggiovane · adjective, singularmodifies madreGiovine is an older literary spelling of giovane.
madremothermadre · noun, feminine, singularsubject of riseriselaughedridere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencemabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of risolorotheirloro · determinerdepends on risorisolaughterriso · noun, masculine, singularsubject of parevaparevaseemedparere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencesogghignoa grinsogghigno · noun, masculine, singularcomplement of parevadiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking scheletrischeletriskeletonsscheletro · noun, masculine, pluralmodifies sogghigno - 64
*
- 65
“What is it, what is it?”
CheWhatche · interrogative pronoundirect object of haihaido you haveavere · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceIdiom "che hai?" literally "what do you have?", asking what's wrong.
chewhatche · interrogative pronoundirect object of haihaido you haveavere · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentence her husband asked, as she woke up trembling.
chieseaskedchiedere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of maritomaritohusbandmarito · noun, masculine, singularsubject of chiesementreasmentre · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of svegliavaellasheella · pronoun, feminine, singularsubject of svegliavasiherselfsi · pronounreflexive particle of svegliavasvegliavawas waking upsvegliare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularadverbial clause on chiesetremandotremblingtremare · verb, gerundadverbial clause on svegliava“Why were you laughing?”
PerchèWhyperché · adverbintroduces the clause of ridevirideviwere you laughingridere · verb, imperfect, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentencewhat were you dreaming?
chewhatche · pronoundirect object of sognavisognaviwere you dreamingsognare · verb, imperfect, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentence- 66
“Ah, my God!”
AhAhah · interjectionhead of the phrasemiomymio · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on DioDioGoddio · noun, masculine, singularhead of the phrase she said, opening her great grieving gray eyes.
ellasheella · pronoun, feminine, singularsubject of dissedissesaiddire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceaprendoopeningaprire · verb, gerundadverbial clause on disseitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of occhigrandigreatgrande · adjective, pluralmodifies occhiocchieyesocchio · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of aprendogrigigraygrigio · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies occhidolentigrievingdolente · adjective, pluralmodifies occhi“I was dreaming something horrible.”
SognavoI was dreamingsognare · verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of cosacosasomethingcosa · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of Sognavoorribilehorribleorribile · adjective, singularmodifies cosa“This, this, and this other thing.”
QuestoThisquesto · pronoun, masculine, singularhead of the phrasequestothisquesto · pronoun, masculine, singularcoordinated with Questoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationquest’thisquesto · determiner, singulardeterminer of altroaltrootheraltro · pronoun, masculine, singularcoordinated with questo- 67
And she told the dream she had had, with all its smallest details.
EAnde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationraccontòtoldraccontare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of sognosognodreamsogno · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of raccontòfattohadfare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmodifies sognoconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking particolarituttialltutto · determiner, masculine, pluraldepends on particolariitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of particolaripiùmostpiù · adverbmodifies minutiminutiminuteminuto · adjective, pluralmodifies particolariparticolaridetailsparticolare · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of raccontò Then she made the usual remark:
PoiThenpoi · adverbmodifies fecefecemadefare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of osservazionesolitausualsolito · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies osservazioneosservazioneremarkosservazione · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of fece- 68
“Tell me, how good it is to wake up after a bad dream!”
DiTell medire · verb, present, imperative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentence"Di'" is the truncated tu-imperative of dire ("say/tell").
comehowcome · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of belloèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to bellobellogoodbello · adjective, masculine, singularhead of the phrasesvegliarsito wake upsvegliare si · verb, infinitiveclausal subject of èdopoafterdopo · prepositionpreposition marking sognounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of sognobruttobadbrutto · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies sognosognodreamsogno · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of svegliarsi - 69
He smiled, then asked:
EgliHeegli · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of sorrisesorrisesmiledsorridere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencepoithenpoi · adverbmodifies domandòdomandòaskeddomandare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with sorrise - 70
“But if the thing really happened, you, tell me, little one, would you behave as you did in the dream?”
MaButma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationseifse · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of avvenisselatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of cosacosathingcosa · noun, feminine, singularsubject of avvenisseavvenissehappenedavvenire · verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singularconditional clause on comporterestirealmentereallyrealmente · adverbmodifies avvenissetuyoutu · pronoun, singularsubject of comporterestidimmitell medire · verb, present, imperative, second-person, singularparenthetical imperative addressed to tuDimmi = di' + mi, the imperative of dire with the clitic mi attached.
piccinalittle onepiccino · adjective, feminine, singularvocative address to tutiyourselfti · pronoun, singularreflexive particle of comporteresticomporterestiwould behavecomportare · verb, conditional, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentencecomeascome · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fattohaihaveavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularauxiliary of fattofattodonefare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularclausal complement of comporterestinelin thein il · prepositionpreposition marking sognosognodreamsogno · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of fatto - 71
She felt herself wither at the mere idea that so horrible a dream might come true, but she answered bravely:
EllaSheella · pronoun, feminine, singularsubject of sentìsiherselfsi · pronounreflexive object of sentìsentìfeltsentire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencestruggerewitherstruggere · verb, infinitivecomplement of sentìallaat thea il · prepositionpreposition marking ideasolameresolo · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies ideaideaideaidea · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of struggerechethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of avverarsiunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of sognosognodreamsogno · noun, masculine, singularsubject of avverarsitantosotanto · adverbmodifies orribileorribilehorribleorribile · adjective, singularmodifies sognopotessemightpotere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singularauxiliary of avverarsiavverarsicome trueavverare si · verb, infinitivecomplement of potessemabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrisposeansweredrispondere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with sentìcoraggiosamentebravelycoraggiosamente · adverbmodifies rispose - 72
“Yes!”
SìYessì · interjectionhead of the phrase
The particulars
- The text
- I giuochi della vita, Grazia Deledda. The Games of Life.
- Translation
- Public-domain Italian (Deledda, d. 1936; collection published 1905). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
- Words
- Every word of the text, by letter.
- Data
- JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents