Italian · The Games of Life
Il vecchio servo
The Old Servant
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- 1
— Basile, they will rob you.
BasileBasileBasile · proper nounvocative addresstiyouti · pronoun, singulardirect object of deruberannoderuberannowill robderubare · verb, future, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentence - 2
— No, Grandfather Ara, they won't rob me; dear grandfather, send me, — little Basilio pleaded, stroking his grandfather's cheek.
NoNono · interjectiondiscourse markerbabbograndfatherbabbo · noun, masculine, singularvocative addressAraAraAra · proper nounmodifies babbononnotnon · adverbmodifies deruberannomimemi · pronoun, singulardirect object of deruberannoderuberannowill robderubare · verb, future, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencebabbograndfatherbabbo · noun, masculine, singularvocative addressgrandegreatgrande · adjective, singularmodifies babbocarodearcaro · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies babbomandatemisend memandare · verb, imperative, second-person, pluralmain verb of the imperative clauseBasilio addresses his grandfather with the polite/plural voi-imperative, common in older or dialect-influenced Italian for respected elders.
supplicavapleadedsupplicare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of Basiliopiccololittlepiccolo · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies BasilioBasilioBasilioBasilio · proper nounsubject of supplicavaaccarezzandostrokingaccarezzare · verb, gerundadverbial clause on supplicavailtheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of nonnononnograndfathernonno · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of accarezzando - 3
— All right, but don't pull my beard: you know a beard is only pulled on billy-goats.
Vagoesandare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceIdiom: "va bene" = "all right / that's fine".
benewellbene · adverbmodifies Vamabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnonnotnon · adverbmodifies tirarmitirarmipull metirare mi · verb, infinitiveprohibitive infinitive, main verb of the second clauseNegative infinitive used as an imperative; "mi" is a dative of possession, so "tirarmi la barba" = "pull my beard".
latheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of barbabarbabeardbarba · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of tirarmituyoutu · pronoun, singularsubject of saisaiknowsapere · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentencechethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tiralatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of barbabarbabeardbarba · noun, feminine, singularsubject of tirasiissi · pronoun, passivepassive marker with tiratirapulledtirare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularclausal complement of saisoloonlysolo · adverbmodifies tiraaion thea il · prepositionpreposition marking capronicapronibilly-goatscaprone · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of tira I will send you, but listen, Basile, you know Grandmother Ara is tight-fisted (stingy) as a dead man's fist.
IoIio · pronoun, singularsubject of manderòtiyouti · pronoun, singularindirect object of manderòmanderòwill sendmandare · verb, future, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentencemabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsentilistensentire · verb, imperative, second-person, singularcoordinated with manderòBasileBasileBasile · proper nounvocative addresstuyoutu · pronoun, singularsubject of saisaiknowsapere · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentencechethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of strettamammaGrandmothermamma · noun, feminine, singularsubject of strettaAraAraAra · proper nounmodifies mammaèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to strettastrettatight-fistedstretto · adjective, feminine, singularclausal complement of saiavarastingyavaro · adjective, feminine, singularparenthetical synonym of strettacomeascome · prepositionpreposition marking pugnoiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of pugnopugnofistpugno · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of strettad’ofdi · prepositionpreposition marking mortounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of mortomortodead manmorto · noun, masculine, singularpossessor of pugnoIf they rob you, Grandmother Ara will scold me, and I will beat you like a dog.
Seifse · subordinating conjunctiondepends on derubanotiyouti · pronoun, singulardirect object of derubanoderubanorobderubare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, pluraladverbial clause on sgrideràmammaGrandmothermamma · noun, feminine, singularsubject of sgrideràAraAraAra · proper nounmodifies mammamimemi · pronoun, singularindirect object of sgrideràsgrideràwill scoldsgridare · verb, future, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceedande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationioIio · pronoun, singularsubject of bastoneròtiyouti · pronoun, singulardirect object of bastoneròbastoneròwill beatbastonare · verb, future, indicative, first-person, singularcoordinated with sgrideràcomelikecome · prepositionpreposition marking caneunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of canecanedogcane · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of bastonerò- 4
— They won't rob me, there, I'm telling you, grandfather, — Basilio repeated, with a seriousness that made one laugh.
Nonnotnon · adverbmodifies deruberannomimemi · pronoun, singulardirect object of deruberannoderuberannowill robderubare · verb, future, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentenceeccothereecco · adverbdiscourse markerveyouvi · pronounindirect object of dicoloitlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of dicodicotelldire · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularcoordinated with deruberannoioIio · pronoun, singularemphatic subject of dicobabbograndpababbo · noun, masculine, singularvocative address within the quotation"babbo grande" (lit. "big dad") is this book's term for "grandfather".
grandebiggrande · adjective, singularmodifies babboripetèrepeatedripetere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with dicoBasilioBasilioBasilio · proper nounsubject of ripetèconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking serietàunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of serietàserietàseriousnessserietà · noun, feminineoblique complement of ripetèchethatche · pronounsubject of facevafacevamadefare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on serietàriderelaughridere · verb, infinitivecomplement of faceva - 5
— Eh, it's not enough that you say so!
EhEheh · interjectiondiscourse markernonnotnon · adverbmodifies bastabastais enoughbastare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencechethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dicaloitlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of dicadicasaydire · verb, present, subjunctive, second-person, singularclausal complement of bastatuyoutu · pronoun, singularsubject of dica We shall see.
Vedremowe shall seevedere · verb, future, indicative, first-person, pluralmain verb of the sentence- 6
The little boy began to jump for joy, spurring and whipping an imaginary horse: then he went back over to his grandfather, seated in the shade of an oak, and leaned against his shoulder.
Iltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of ragazzettoragazzettolittle boyragazzetto · noun, masculine, singularsubject of misesihimselfsi · pronoun, reflexive, third-personreflexive marker of mise (mettersi)misebeganmettere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of saltaresaltarejumpsaltare · verb, infinitivecomplement of miseperforper · prepositionpreposition marking gioialatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of gioiagioiajoygioia · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of saltarespronandospurringspronare · verb, gerundadverbial clause on saltareeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfrustandowhippingfrustare · verb, gerundcoordinated with spronandounanuno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cavallocavallohorsecavallo · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of frustandoimmaginarioimaginaryimmaginario · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies cavallopoithenpoi · adverbmodifies avvicinòsihimselfsi · pronoun, reflexive, third-personreflexive marker of avvicinòavvicinòwent overavvicinare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceancoraagainancora · adverbmodifies avvicinòalto thea il · prepositionpreposition marking nonnononnograndfathernonno · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of avvicinòsedutoseatedsedere · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularparticipial clause modifying nonnoall’in thea il · prepositionpreposition marking ombraombrashadeombra · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of sedutod’ofdi · prepositionpreposition marking querciaunaanuno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of querciaquerciaoakquercia · noun, feminine, singularmodifies ombraeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationglihimgli · pronoun, masculine, singularindirect object of appoggiò (dative of possession: his)sihimselfsi · pronoun, reflexive, third-personreflexive marker of appoggiòappoggiòleanedappoggiare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with avvicinòsullaon thesu il · prepositionpreposition marking spallaspallashoulderspalla · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of appoggiò Together they formed a beautiful picture: Basile, with his black eyes shining like blackberries, his long reddish hair and his leather jacket, looked like a little Saint John
Formavanoformedformare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentenceunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of gruppobellissimovery beautifulbello · adjective, masculine, singular, absmodifies gruppogruppopicturegruppo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of FormavanoBasileBasileBasile · proper nounsubject of parevacoiwith thecon i · prepositionpreposition marking occhisuoihissuo · determiner, masculine, pluraldepends on occhiocchieyesocchio · noun, masculine, pluralobject of coi (describes Basile)neriblacknero · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies occhilucentishininglucente · adjective, pluralmodifies occhicomelikecome · prepositionpreposition marking moremoreblackberriesmora · noun, feminine, pluralmodifies occhiitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of capellilunghilonglungo · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies capellicapellihaircapello · noun, masculine, pluralcoordinated with occhi, object of coirossiccireddishrossiccio · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies capellieande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of giaccagiaccajacketgiacca · noun, feminine, singularcoordinated with occhi, object of coidiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking pellepelleleatherpelle · noun, feminine, singularmodifies giaccaparevalookedparere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of piccolopiccololittlepiccolo · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies S.S.SaintSan · proper noun, abbreviationtitle before Giovanni (next segment)the Baptist: the grandfather, who still kept his reddish beard, and had shining black eyes, was dressed in skins like an old hermit.
GiovanniJohnGiovanni · proper nouncompletes the name with S. (previous segment)Together with "S." (previous segment), refers to the iconographic young Saint John the Baptist figure.
iltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of nonnononnograndfathernonno · noun, masculine, singularhead of the phrasechewhoche · pronounsubject of conservavaancorastillancora · adverbmodifies conservavaconservavakeptconservare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on nonnolatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of barbabarbabeardbarba · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of conservavarossicciareddishrossiccio · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies barbaeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationavevahadavere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with conservavaglitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of occhiocchieyesocchio · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of avevaneriblacknero · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies occhilucentishininglucente · adjective, pluralmodifies occhivestivawas dressedvestire · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencediindi · prepositionpreposition marking pelopeloskinspelo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of vestivacomelikecome · prepositionpreposition marking eremitaunanuno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of eremitavecchiooldvecchio · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies eremitaeremitahermiteremita · noun, masculineoblique complement of vestiva- 7
And as in certain Biblical illustrations, a long dog, stretched out in front of the hut, watched over the grazing flock; a tame crow ran now and then to peck at the flies that landed on the dog, and a reddish butterfly flew from the hut to the oak.
Eande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationcomeascome · adverbintroduces comparison clauseininin · prepositionpreposition marking vignettecertecertaincerto · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of vignettevignetteillustrationsvignetta · noun, feminine, pluralobject of in (comparison clause)biblicheBiblicalbiblico · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies vignetteunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of canelungolonglungo · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies canecanedogcane · noun, masculine, singularsubject of vigilavasdraiatostretched outsdraiare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularparticipial clause modifying canedavantiin front ofdavanti · adverbpreposition marking capannaallathea il · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of capannacapannahutcapanna · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of sdraiatovigilavawatched overvigilare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of greggegreggeflockgregge · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of vigilavapascolantegrazingpascolante · adjective, singularmodifies greggeunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of corvocorvocrowcorvo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of correvaaddomesticatotameaddomesticato · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies corvocorrevarancorrere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencedifromdi · prepositionpreposition marking tantoIdiom: "di tanto in tanto" = "from time to time / now and then".
tantoso muchtanto · adverboblique complement of correvaintoin · prepositionpreposition marking tantotantoso muchtanto · adverbmodifies correvaatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of beccarebeccarepeck atbeccare · verb, infinitivecomplement of correvaletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of moschemoschefliesmosca · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of beccarechethatche · pronounsubject of posavanosithemselvessi · pronoun, reflexive, third-personreflexive marker of posavanoposavanolandedposare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluralrelative clause on moschesulon thesu il · prepositionpreposition marking canecanedogcane · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of posavanounaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of farfallafarfallabutterflyfarfalla · noun, feminine, singularsubject of volavarossastrareddishrossastro · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies farfallavolavaflewvolare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with correvadallafrom theda il · prepositionpreposition marking capannacapannahutcapanna · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of volavaallato thea il · prepositionpreposition marking querciaquerciaoakquercia · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of volava - 8
The green plain slept beneath the great May sun; out of the tall grass rose very tall yellow and violet flowers which, to Basilio, when he lay down on the grass, seemed to touch the sky: through the oaks appeared blue distances, fields gilded by the ripe barley, mountains reddened by the flowering of the moss.
Iltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of pianoverdegreenverde · adjective, singularmodifies pianopianoplainpiano · noun, masculine, singularsubject of dormivadormivasleptdormire · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencesottobeneathsotto · prepositionpreposition marking soleiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of solegrangreatgrande · adjectivemodifies solesolesunsole · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of dormivadiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking maggiomaggioMaymaggio · noun, masculine, singularmodifies soledalleout ofda il · prepositionpreposition marking erbealtetallalto · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies erbeerbegrasserba · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of sorgevanosorgevanorosesorgere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencealtissimivery tallalto · adjective, masculine, plural, absolute superlativemodifies fiorifioriflowersfiore · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of sorgevanogialliyellowgiallo · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies fiorieande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationviolettivioletvioletto · adjective, masculine, pluralcoordinated with giallichewhichche · pronounsubject of toccasseroatoa · prepositionpreposition marking BasilioBasilioBasilioBasilio · proper nounoblique complement of parevaquandowhenquando · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sdrajavasi(reflexive)si · pronounreflexive particle of sdrajavasdrajavalay downsdraiare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularadverbial clause on Basilioolder spelling (j for i) of sdraiava, from the reflexive sdraiarsi, "to lie down"
sull’onsu il · prepositionpreposition marking erbaerbagrasserba · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of sdrajavaparevaseemedparere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause verb, modifies fioritoccasserotouchedtoccare · verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, pluralclause complement of parevailtheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cielocieloskycielo · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of toccasseroattraversothroughattraverso · prepositionpreposition marking quercieletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of querciequercieoaksquercia · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of apparivanoapparivanoappearedapparire · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencelontananzedistanceslontananza · noun, feminine, pluralsubject of apparivanoazzurreblueazzurro · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies lontananzecampifieldscampo · noun, masculine, pluralcoordinated with lontananzeindoratigildedindorare · verb, past, participle, masculine, pluralmodifies campidall’by theda il · prepositionpreposition marking orzoorzobarleyorzo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of indoratimaturoripematuro · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies orzomontagnemountainsmontagna · noun, feminine, pluralcoordinated with lontananzerosseggiantireddenedrosseggiante · adjective, pluralmodifies montagneperbyper · prepositionpreposition marking fiorituralatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of fioriturafioriturafloweringfioritura · noun, feminine, singularmodifies montagnedelof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking muscomuscomossmuschio · noun, masculine, singularmodifies fiorituramusco is an older/literary form of muschio (moss)
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— Basile, — said the grandfather, — go and call Sidru.
BasileBasileBasile · proper nounvocative addressdissesaiddire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularreporting clause verbiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of nonnononnograndfathernonno · noun, masculine, singularsubject of dissevagoandare · verb, imperative, second-person, singularmain verb of the quoted commandeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationchiamacallchiamare · verb, imperative, second-person, singularcoordinated with vaSidruSidruSidru · proper noundirect object of chiama Tell him I need to speak with him.
Diglitell himdire · verb, imperative, second-person, singular, with clitic pronounmain verb of the sentencefusion of di' (imperative of dire) + gli (to him)
chethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of devodevomustdovere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularauxiliary of parlargliparlarglito speak to himparlare · verb, infinitive, with clitic pronouncomplement of devo- 10
The little boy went off skipping.
Iltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of ragazzettoragazzettolittle boyragazzetto · noun, masculine, singularsubject of allontanòs’(reflexive)si · pronounreflexive particle of allontanòallontanòwent offallontanare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencesaltellandoskippingsaltellare · verb, gerundgerund modifying allontanò The servant did not delay in obeying, but approached with slow steps.
Iltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of servoservoservantservo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of tardònonnotnon · adverbmodifies tardòtardòdelayedtardare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceadina · prepositionintroduces the clause of obbedireobbedireobeyingobbedire · verb, infinitivecomplement of tardòmabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinations’(reflexive)si · pronounreflexive particle of avvicinòavvicinòapproachedavvicinare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with tardòawitha · prepositionpreposition marking passipassistepspasso · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of avvicinòlentislowlento · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies passiHe too was old, as old as his master: clean-shaven and toothless, his white hair parted on his forehead, he looked like an old woman disguised as a man.
Erawasessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to vecchioanch’tooanche · adverbmodifies egliegliheegli · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of Eravecchiooldvecchio · adjective, masculine, singularpredicate complement of Eravecchiooldvecchio · adjective, masculine, singularrepeats vecchio, compared with padronequantoasquanto · pronounintroduces comparison with padroneiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of padronepadronemasterpadrone · noun, masculine, singularcomplement of quantosbarbatoclean-shavensbarbato · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies eglieande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsenzawithoutsenza · prepositionpreposition marking dentidentiteethdente · noun, masculine, pluralcoordinated with sbarbatocoiwith thecon il · prepositionpreposition marking capellicapellihaircapello · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of sbarbatobianchiwhitebianco · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies capellidivisiparteddiviso · verb, past, participle, masculine, pluralmodifies capellisullaonsu il · prepositionpreposition marking frontefronteforeheadfronte · noun, singularoblique complement of divisiparevalooked likeparere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of donnadonnawomandonna · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of parevavecchiaoldvecchio · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies donnatravestitadisguisedtravestire · verb, past, participle, feminine, singularclause modifying donnadaasda · prepositionpreposition marking uomouomomanuomo · noun, masculine, singularagent of travestita- 11
— Listen, — said grandfather Ara, — from tomorrow we'll send the flock's takings with Basile; it's time the little chick made himself useful too.
Sentilistensentire · verb, imperative, second-person, singularmain verb of the quoted clausedissesaiddire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularreporting clause verbbabbograndfatherbabbo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of disseAraAraAra · proper nounmodifies babbodafromda · prepositionpreposition marking domanidomanitomorrowdomani · adverbmodifies manderemomanderemowe'll sendmandare · verb, future, indicative, first-person, pluralmain verb of the quoted clausel’theil · determiner, singulardeterminer of entrataentratatakingsentrata · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of manderemoconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking BasileBasileBasileBasile · proper nounoblique complement of manderemoèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to tempotempotimetempo · noun, masculine, singularpredicate complement of èchethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of rendaanchetooanche · adverbmodifies pulcinoiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of pulcinopulcinolittle chickpulcino · noun, masculine, singularsubject of rendasihimselfsi · pronounreflexive particle of rendarendamakerendere · verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singularclausal complement of tempoutileusefulutile · adjective, singularcomplement of renda - 12
The servant's eyes went wide, and anger set his blood on fire.
Iltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of servoservoservantservo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of spalancòspalancòopened widespalancare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceglitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of occhiocchieyesocchio · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of spalancòeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of stizzastizzaangerstizza · noun, feminine, singularsubject of acceseglihisgli · pronoun, masculine, singularindirect object of acceseacceseset on fireaccendere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with spalancòiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of sanguesanguebloodsangue · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of accese But he was too old to blush, and too shrewd not to betray himself.
Mabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationerawasessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to vecchiotroppotootroppo · adverbmodifies vecchiovecchiooldvecchio · adjective, masculine, singularpredicate complement of erapertoper · prepositionintroduces the clause of arrossirearrossireblusharrossire · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on vecchioeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtroppotootroppo · adverbmodifies furbofurboshrewdfurbo · adjective, masculine, singularcoordinated with vecchiopertoper · prepositionintroduces the clause of tradirsinonnotnon · adverbmodifies tradirsitradirsibetray himselftradirsi · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on furbo- 13
— There now, — he thought, — I have no teeth left, but I'm still a sinner; every evening, when I come back to the village with the flock's produce, before reaching my master's house I stop at the house of my ‘lady friend’, to whom I give a bit of milk and a bit of cheese.
Eccothere nowecco · adverbdiscourse markerpensòthoughtpensare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularreporting clause verbioIio · pronoun, singularsubject of hononnotnon · adverbmodifies hohohaveavere · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentencepiùanymorepiù · adverbmodifies hodentiteethdente · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of homabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsonoamessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularcopula linking to peccatoreancorastillancora · adverbmodifies peccatoreunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of peccatorepeccatoresinnerpeccatore · noun, masculine, singularpredicate complement of sonoognieveryogni · determiner, singulardeterminer of seraseraeveningsera · noun, feminine, singulartemporal adjunct of faccioallorchèwhenallorché · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of rientroliterary/formal equivalent of quando
rientrocome backrientrare · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the allorché clauseintoin · prepositionpreposition marking paesepaesevillagepaese · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of rientrocolwith thecon il · prepositionpreposition marking prodottoprodottoproduceprodotto · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of rientrodelof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking greggegreggeflockgregge · noun, masculine, singularmodifies prodottoprimabeforeprima · adverbintroduces the clause of giungerediofdi · prepositionpart of the phrase primagiungerereachinggiungere · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on faccioallathea il · prepositionpreposition marking casacasahousecasa · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of giungeredelof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking padronemiomymio · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on padronepadronemasterpadrone · noun, masculine, singularmodifies casafacciomakefare · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentencetappaa stoptappa · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of facciofare tappa is idiomatic for "to stop"
davantiin front ofdavanti · adverbpreposition marking casaallathea il · prepositionpart of the phrase davanticasahousecasa · noun, feminine, singularlocation complement of facciodellaof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking amicamiamymio · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on amicaamicalady friendamico · noun, feminine, singulargenitive complement of casathe original puts amica in quotation marks, a euphemism for a mistress
allatoa il · prepositionpreposition marking qualequalewhomquale · pronoun, singularindirect object of regaloregalogiveregalare · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the relative clause modifying amicaunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of po’po’a bitpoco · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of regalodiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking lattelattemilklatte · noun, masculine, singularmodifies po’eande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of po’po’a bitpoco · noun, masculine, singularcoordinated with po’diofdi · prepositionpreposition marking formaggioformaggiocheeseformaggio · noun, masculine, singularmodifies po’ Little enough, but to her, poor thing, it seems like a lot.
Pocalittlepoco · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of robarobastuffroba · noun, feminine, singularsubject of sembrachewhichche · pronounsubject of sembraatoa · prepositionpreposition marking leileiherlei · pronoun, singularoblique complement of sembraperòbutperò · adverbmodifies sembrapoverettapoor thingpoveretto · adjective, feminine, singularappositive to leisembraseemssembrare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencemoltaa lotmolto · adjective, feminine, singularcomplement of sembraEvery year, at Easter, I go to confession, and I promise to mend my ways, but so far I haven't managed to.
Ognieveryogni · determiner, singulardeterminer of annoannoyearanno · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of vadoperatper · prepositionpreposition marking PasquaPasquaEasterPasqua · proper nounoblique complement of vadoioIio · pronoun, singularsubject of vadovadogoandare · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of confessarmiconfessarmiconfess myselfconfessarsi · verb, infinitivecomplement of vadoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpromettopromisepromettere · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularcoordinated with vadoditodi · prepositionpreposition marking emendarmiemendarmimend myselfemendarsi · verb, infinitivecomplement of promettomabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfinoraso farfinora · adverbmodifies potutononnotnon · adverbmodifies potutohohaveavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularauxiliary of potutopotutomanagedpotere · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularcoordinated with promettoNow, it seems, I'll have to mend my ways whether I like it or not.
Ecconowecco · adverbmodifies toccheràchethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of toccheràoranowora · adverbmodifies toccheràmimemi · pronoun, singularindirect object of toccheràtoccheràwill be up totoccare · verb, future, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceditodi · prepositionpreposition marking emendarmiemendarmimend myselfemendarsi · verb, infinitivecomplement of toccheràperbyper · prepositionpreposition marking forzaforzaforceforza · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of toccherà, idiom per forza"Per forza" is an idiom meaning "of necessity, whether one likes it or not."
- 14
— What are you saying, old fox? — the master shouted.
Chewhatche · pronoundirect object of dicidiciare you sayingdire · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentencevecchiaoldvecchio · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies volpevolpefoxvolpe · noun, feminine, singularvocative addressgridòshoutedgridare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of padronepadronemasterpadrone · noun, masculine, singularsubject of gridò - 15
— Basile is too small, they'll rob him.
BasileBasileBasile · proper nounsubject of èèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to piccolotroppotootroppo · adverbmodifies piccolopiccolosmallpiccolo · adjective, masculine, singularpredicate complement of èlohimlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of deruberannoderuberannowill robderubare · verb, future, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the second clause - 16
— Eh, don't break my legs now!
Eheheh · interjectiondiscourse markernondon'tnon · adverbmodifies rompermirompermibreakrompere · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceNegative imperative uses the infinitive; "mi" is a dative of possession, "my legs."
letheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of gambegambelegsgamba · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of rompermioranowora · adverbmodifies rompermi Does it upset you that you can't stop off at your ‘lady friend's’? — said old Ara.
Tiyouti · pronoun, singularindirect object of dispiacedispiaceupsetsdispiacere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceperchèthatperché · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of puoinonnotnon · adverbmodifies puoipuoicanpotere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularauxiliary of farfarstop offfare · verb, infinitivecomplement of puoitappastoptappa · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of far"Far tappa" is idiomatic for "to stop off, make a stop."
dallaatda la · prepositionpreposition marking amicatuayourtuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on amicaamicalady friendamico · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of fardissesaiddire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of Aravecchiooldvecchio · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies AraAraAraAra · proper nounsubject of disse- 17
But the servant was used to being reminded of his sin at every turn, and he answered patiently:
Mabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of servoservoservantservo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of abituatoerawasessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of abituatoabituatousedabituare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentenceatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of sentirsisentirsibeingsentirsi · verb, infinitivecomplement of abituato"Sentirsi + infinitive" gives a passive sense, "to have (something) done to oneself."
rinfacciareremindedrinfacciare · verb, infinitivecomplement of sentirsiognieveryogni · determiner, singulardeterminer of momentomomentomomentmomento · noun, masculine, singulartemporal adverbial modifying rinfacciareiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of peccatosuohissuo · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on peccatopeccatosinpeccato · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of rinfacciareeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrisposeansweredrispondere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with erapazientementepatientlypazientemente · adverbmodifies rispose - 18
— Do as you like, then, my master: I wash my hands of it.
Fadofare · verb, imperative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentencecomeascome · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vuoivuoilikevolere · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularclausal complement of Faallorathenallora · adverbmodifies Fapadronemasterpadrone · noun, masculine, singularvocative addressmiomymio · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on padroneioIio · pronoun, singularsubject of lavomemyselfmi · pronoun, singularreflexive dative of lavoneof itne · pronounpartitive complement of lavolavowashlavare · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of manimanihandsmano · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of lavo But if some misfortune happens to the boy, the responsibility will be yours.
Mabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationseifse · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of accadeaccadehappensaccadere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularadverbial clause modifying saràqualchesomequalche · determiner, singulardeterminer of disgraziadisgraziamisfortunedisgrazia · noun, feminine, singularsubject of accadealtoa il · prepositionpreposition marking fanciullofanciulloboyfanciullo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of accadelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of responsabilitàresponsabilitàresponsibilityresponsabilità · noun, femininesubject of saràsaràwill beessere · auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to tuatuayourstuo · determiner, feminine, singularpredicate complement of sarà- 19
And he turned his back.
Eande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvolseturnedvolgere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of spallespallebackspalla · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of volse"Volgere le spalle" ("turn one's shoulders") is the idiom for "turn one's back."
The crow fluttered around him, landed on his arm, and stared at him fixedly with its mysterious black eyes.
Iltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of corvocorvocrowcorvo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of svolazzòglihimgli · pronoun, masculine, singularindirect object of svolazzòsvolazzòflutteredsvolazzare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceattornoaroundattorno · adverbmodifies svolazzòglihimgli · pronoun, masculine, singularindirect object of posòsiitselfsi · pronounreflexive marker of posòposòlandedposare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencesulonsu il · prepositionpreposition marking bracciobraccioarmbraccio · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of posòeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlohimlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of guardòguardòstared atguardare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with posòfissofixedlyfisso · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies guardòcoiwithcon i · prepositionpreposition marking occhisuoiitssuo · determiner, masculine, pluraldepends on occhiocchieyesocchio · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of guardòneriblacknero · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies occhimisteriosimysteriousmisterioso · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies occhi- 20
— Yes, it's over, — the old man thought sadly: but the master called him back:
Sìyessì · interjectiondiscourse markerèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of finitafinitaoverfinire · verb, past, participle, feminine, singularmain verb of the sentencepensavathoughtpensare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb introducing the quoted clauseiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of vecchiovecchioold manvecchio · noun, masculine, singularsubject of pensavatristementesadlytristemente · adverbmodifies pensavamabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of padronepadronemasterpadrone · noun, masculine, singularsubject of richiamòlohimlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of richiamòrichiamòcalled backrichiamare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentence - 21
— Listen, old fox; you'll follow him from a distance, at least for some time.
Sentilistensentire · verb, imperative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentencevecchiaoldvecchio · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies volpevolpefoxvolpe · noun, feminine, singularvocative addresstuyoutu · pronoun, singularsubject of seguirailohimlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of seguiraiseguiraiwill followseguire · verb, future, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentencedafromda · prepositionpreposition marking lontanolontanoa distancelontano · adverboblique complement of seguiraialmenoat leastalmeno · adverbmodifies tempoperforper · prepositionpreposition marking tempoqualchesomequalche · determiner, singulardeterminer of tempotempotimetempo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of seguirai - 22
— Ah, and is that how the chick will make himself useful, as you say?
Ahahah · interjectionhead of the phraseedande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to cosìcosìsocosì · adverbpredicate complement of èchethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of renderàsihimselfsi · pronounreflexive marker of renderàrenderàwill makerendere · verb, future, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the clause introduced by cheutileusefulutile · adjective, singularcomplement of renderàiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of pulcinopulcinochickpulcino · noun, masculine, singularsubject of renderàcomeascome · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dicituyoutu · pronoun, singularsubject of dicidicisaydire · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularadverbial clause modifying renderà By making a poor old man trot along on foot?
Facendomakingfare · verb, gerundmain verb of the sentencetrottaretrottrottare · verb, infinitiveclausal complement of Facendoaona · prepositionpreposition marking piedipiedifootpiede · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of trottareunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of vecchiopoveropoorpovero · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies vecchiovecchioold manvecchio · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of the causative Facendo trottare- 23
— You keep quiet, jackass!
Tuyoutu · pronoun, singularsubject of stastakeepstare · verb, imperative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentencezittoquietzitto · adjective, masculine, singularpredicate complement of staasinojackassasino · noun, masculine, singularvocative address If you don't like it, go find yourself work elsewhere.
Seifse · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of garbanondon'tnon · adverbmodifies garbatiyouti · pronoun, singularindirect object of garbagarbalikegarbare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularconditional clause modifying cèrcaticèrcatifindcercare · verb, imperative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentence"Cèrcati" = "cerca" (imperative) + reflexive "ti," "find for yourself."
servizioworkservizio · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of cèrcatialtroveelsewherealtrove · adverbmodifies cèrcati- 24
— Oh, fine!
Sìyessì · interjectiondiscourse markerSarcastic assent; rendered "Oh" in the translation.
bravowell donebravo · adjective, masculine, singularhead of the phrase And where do I find work now?
Dovewheredove · adverbmodifies trovoloitlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of trovo, resuming serviziotrovodo I findtrovare · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of servizioservizioworkservizio · noun, masculine, singulardislocated direct object of trovo, resumed by looranowora · adverbmodifies trovoIn the devil's own sheepfold?
Nell’inin il · prepositionpreposition marking ovileovilesheepfoldovile · noun, masculine, singularhead of the phrasedelofdi il · prepositionpreposition marking diavolodiavolodevildiavolo · noun, masculine, singularmodifies ovile- 25
— Sidru, you mangy thing, don't pester me!
SidruSidruSidru · proper nounhead of the phraserognosomangy thingrognoso · adjective, masculine, singularin apposition with Sidru, vocativenondon'tnon · adverbmodifies rompermirompermipesterrompere · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentence"Rompere le gambe" is a colloquial idiom for "to pester, annoy," not literal here.
letheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of gambegambelegsgamba · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of rompermi - 26
— No, master; it's death who will break your legs, with his scythe.
Nonono · interjectiondiscourse markerpadronemasterpadrone · noun, masculine, singularvocative addressletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of gambegambelegsgamba · noun, feminine, pluraldislocated direct object of romperà, resumed by leteyoute · pronoun, singularindirect object of romperàlethemle · pronoun, feminine, pluraldirect object of romperàromperàwill breakrompere · verb, future, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of mortemortedeathmorte · noun, feminine, singularsubject of romperàconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking falcelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of falcesuahissuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on falcefalcescythefalce · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of romperà - 27
And after this, master and servant lavished many more insults on each other; but without thinking much of it.
EAnde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdopoafterdopo · prepositionpreposition marking questequestethesequesto · pronoun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of dopopadronemasterpadrone · noun, masculine, singularsubject of prodigaronoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationservoservantservo · noun, masculine, singularcoordinated with padronesieach othersi · pronoun, reciprocalreciprocal pronoun with prodigaronoprodigaronolavishedprodigare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencemoltemanymolto · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of insolenzealtremorealtro · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies insolenzeinsolenzeinsultsinsolenza · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of prodigaronomabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsenzawithoutsenza · prepositionintroduces the clause of farnefarnemaking of itfare · verb, infinitive, with clitic necomplement of senzafarne = fare + the clitic ne ("of it"), referring back to the insults.
granmuchgrande · adjectivemodifies casocasonoticecaso · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of farne They were used to arguing like this almost every day.
Usavanowere usedusare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencequasialmostquasi · adverbmodifies tuttituttieverytutto · determiner, masculine, pluraldepends on giorniitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of giornigiornidaysgiorno · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of Usavanodiscuterearguingdiscutere · verb, infinitivecomplement of Usavanocosìlike thiscosì · adverbmodifies discutere- 28
Toward sunset Sidru saddled the little horse — whose ears an enemy of the master had once cropped — and to the saddle he tied the gray wool saddlebag, in which sat the wooden molds holding the fresh cheese wrapped in asphodel leaves, and the ricotta, and the milk pail.
VersoTowardverso · prepositionpreposition marking tramontoiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of tramontotramontosunsettramonto · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of sellòSidruSidruSidru · proper nounsubject of sellòsellòsaddledsellare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cavallopiccololittlepiccolo · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies cavallocavallohorsecavallo · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of sellòaltoa il · prepositionpreposition marking qualequalewhomquale · pronoun, singularindirect object of mozzatoal quale ... aveva mozzato le orecchie = "whose ears had been cropped" (dative of possession).
unanuno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of nemiconemicoenemynemico · noun, masculine, singularsubject of mozzatodelof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking padronepadronemasterpadrone · noun, masculine, singularmodifies nemicoavevahadavere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of mozzatomozzatocroppedmozzare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularrelative clause on cavalloletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of orecchieorecchieearsorecchia · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of mozzatoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationallato thea il · prepositionpreposition marking sellasellasaddlesella · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of legòlegòtiedlegare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with sellòlatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of bisacciabisacciasaddlebagbisaccia · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of legòdiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking lanalanawoollana · noun, feminine, singularmodifies bisacciagrigiagraygrigio · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies lanaentroinentro · prepositionpreposition marking qualelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of qualequalewhichquale · pronoun, singularobject of entrostavansatstare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluralrelative clause on bisacciastavan is an apocopated (shortened) form of stavano.
letheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of formeformemoldsforma · noun, feminine, pluralsubject of stavandiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking legnolegnowoodlegno · noun, masculine, singularmodifies formecolwith thecon il · prepositionpreposition marking caciocaciocheesecacio · noun, masculine, singularmodifies formefrescofreshfresco · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies caciocopertocoveredcoperto · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies caciodiwithdi · prepositionpreposition marking fogliefoglieleavesfoglia · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of copertod’ofdi · prepositionpreposition marking asfodeloasfodeloasphodelasfodelo · noun, masculine, singularmodifies foglieeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of ricottaricottaricottaricotta · noun, feminine, singularcoordinated with formeeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of recipienterecipientecontainerrecipiente · noun, masculine, singularcoordinated with formedelof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking lattelattemilklatte · noun, masculine, singularmodifies recipiente - 29
Then Sidru helped his little master mount the horse, and followed him at a distance, dragging his stick through the grass.
PoiThenpoi · adverbmodifies aiutòSidruSidruSidru · proper nounsubject of aiutòaiutòhelpedaiutare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of padronepiccololittlepiccolo · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies padronepadronemasterpadrone · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of aiutòatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of montaremontaremountmontare · verb, infinitivecomplement of aiutòsulon thesu il · prepositionpreposition marking cavallocavallohorsecavallo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of montareeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlohimlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of seguìseguìfollowedseguire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with aiutòinatin · prepositionpreposition marking distanzadistanzaa distancedistanza · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of seguìtrascinandodraggingtrascinare · verb, gerundadverbial clause on seguìiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of bastonesuohissuo · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on bastonebastonestickbastone · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of trascinandosull’through thesu il · prepositionpreposition marking erbaerbagrasserba · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of trascinando The sun, already without rays, was sinking behind the rose-colored mountains draped in silvery veils; the grass and the tall, translucent flowers bent slightly, as if overcome by sleep: clouds of insects buzzed over the hedges, loving each other freely.
IlTheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of solesolesunsole · noun, masculine, singularsubject of calavagiàalreadygià · adverbmodifies calavasenzawithoutsenza · prepositionpreposition marking raggiraggiraysraggio · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of calavacalavawas sinkingcalare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencedietrobehinddietro · prepositionpreposition marking montagneletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of montagnemontagnemountainsmontagna · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of calavaroseerose-coloredroseo · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies montagnecopertecoveredcoperto · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies montagnediindi · prepositionpreposition marking veliveliveilsvelo · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of coperteargenteisilveryargenteo · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies velil’theil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of erbaerbagrasserba · noun, feminine, singularsubject of curvavanoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationglitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of fiorialtitallalto · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies fiorifioriflowersfiore · noun, masculine, pluralcoordinated with erbatrasparentitranslucenttrasparente · adjective, pluralmodifies fiorisithemselvessi · pronoun, reflexivereflexive pronoun with curvavanocurvavanobentcurvare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencealquantoslightlyalquanto · adverbmodifies curvavanocomeas ifcome · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vintivintiovercomevincere · verb, past, participle, masculine, pluraladverbial clause on curvavanodalby theda il · prepositionpreposition marking sonnosonnosleepsonno · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of vintinuvolecloudsnuvola · noun, feminine, pluralsubject of ronzavanod’ofdi · prepositionpreposition marking insettiinsettiinsectsinsetto · noun, masculine, pluralmodifies nuvoleronzavanobuzzedronzare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencesulleover thesu il · prepositionpreposition marking siepisiepihedgessiepe · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of ronzavanoamandosiloving each otheramarsi · verb, gerund, reciprocaladverbial clause on ronzavanoliberamentefreelyliberamente · adverbmodifies amandosi- 30
The old servant walked briskly and quickly, like a dog; sometimes, though, he had to run so as not to lose sight of Basile.
IlTheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of servovecchiooldvecchio · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies servoservoservantservo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of camminavacamminavawalkedcamminare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencesveltobrisklysvelto · adjective, masculine, singularcomplement of camminavaeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrapidoquicklyrapido · adjective, masculine, singularcoordinated with sveltocomelikecome · prepositionpreposition marking caneunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of canecanedogcane · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of camminavaqualchesomequalche · determiner, singulardeterminer of voltavoltatimevolta · noun, feminine, singularadverbial, modifies dovevaperòthoughperò · adverbmodifies dovevadovevahad todovere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of correrecorrereruncorrere · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceperso asper · prepositionintroduces the clause of perderenonnotnon · adverbmodifies perdereperdereloseperdere · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on correrediofdi · prepositionpreposition marking vistavistasightvista · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of perdereBasileBasileBasile · proper noundirect object of perdere - 31
— Curse you, — he thought, — curse the lot of you!
CheMayche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of maledettisiateyou beessere · auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, second-person, pluralcopula linking to maledetti"Che siate maledetti" is a subjunctive curse formula: "may you be cursed."
maledetticursedmaledetto · adjective, masculine, pluralpredicate complement of siatepensavathoughtpensare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencetuttialltutto · pronoun, masculine, pluralmodifies maledettimaledetticursedmaledetto · adjective, masculine, pluralcomplement of pensava After I've served you for forty years, this is how you treat me: a dog, and nothing more than a dog.
DopoAfterdopo · conjunctionintroduces the clause of servitochethatche · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase Dopoviyouvi · pronoun, pluraldirect object of servitohohaveavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularauxiliary of servitoservitoservedservire · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularadverbial clause on trattateperforper · prepositionpreposition marking anniquarant’fortyquaranta · numeralquantifies annianniyearsanno · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of servitomimemi · pronoun, singulardirect object of trattatetrattatetreattrattare · verb, present, indicative, second-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencecosìlike thiscosì · adverbmodifies trattatecanea dogcane · noun, masculine, singularpredicate complement of trattateeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnientenothingniente · pronoun, singularcoordinated with canealtromorealtro · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies nientechethanche · prepositionpreposition marking canecanea dogcane · noun, masculine, singularobject of cheAh, if only I hadn't loved you!
AhAhah · interjectionhead of the phraseseifse · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of volutononnotnon · adverbmodifies volutoviyouvi · pronoun, pluralindirect object of volutoavessihadavere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, first-person, singularauxiliary of volutovolutolovedvolere · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the se-clausevoler bene a qualcuno is idiomatic for "to love someone" (literally "to wish someone well").
benewellbene · adverbmodifies voluto- 32
Walking and walking, little master and servant reached the village: it was already evening; the new moon lit the black little houses of the village with a greenish twilight.
Camminawalkingcamminare · verb, present, imperative, second-person, singularadverbial phrase modifying arrivarono"Cammina e cammina" is an idiomatic reduplication meaning "after walking and walking".
eande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationcamminawalkingcamminare · verb, present, imperative, second-person, singularcoordinated with Camminapadroncinolittle masterpadroncino · noun, masculine, singularsubject of arrivarono, coordinated with servoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationservoservantservo · noun, masculine, singularcoordinated with padroncino, subject of arrivaronoarrivaronoreachedarrivare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencealto thea il · prepositionpreposition marking paesepaesevillagepaese · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of arrivaronoerawasessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to seragiàalreadygià · adverbmodifies seraseraeveningsera · noun, feminine, singularhead of the phraselatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of lunalunamoonluna · noun, feminine, singularsubject of illuminavanuovanewnuovo · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies lunailluminavalitilluminare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking crepuscolounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of crepuscolocrepuscolotwilightcrepuscolo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of illuminavaverdognologreenishverdognolo · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies crepuscololetheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of casettecasettelittle housescasetta · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of illuminavanereblacknero · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies casettedelof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking villaggiovillaggiovillagevillaggio · noun, masculine, singularmodifies casette - 33
Sidru let the boy make his way to the Ara house, and he himself went in to see his ‘lady friend’.
SidruSidruSidru · proper nounsubject of lasciòlasciòletlasciare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencechethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of avviasseiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of fanciullofanciulloboyfanciullo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of avviasses’himselfsi · pronoun, reflexivereflexive pronoun of avviasseavviassemade his wayavviarsi · verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singularclausal complement of lasciòallato thea il · prepositionpreposition marking casacasahousecasa · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of avviassedegliof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking AraAraAraAra · proper nounmodifies casaedande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationegliheegli · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of entròentròwent inentrare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with lasciòdallatoda il · prepositionpreposition marking amicasuahissuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on amicaamicalady friendamico · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of entròA euphemism (in quotes in the original) for the servant's mistress.
- 34
He looked like a whipped dog, but ‘the lady friend’, an elderly woman who had a wayward son, welcomed him kindly and comforted him.
Parevalooked likeparere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of canecanedogcane · noun, masculine, singularpredicate complement of Parevafrustatowhippedfrustato · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies canemabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationl’theil · determiner, singulardeterminer of amicaamicalady friendamico · noun, feminine, singularsubject of accolseunaanuno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of donnadonnawomandonna · noun, feminine, singularin apposition to amicaanzianaelderlyanziano · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies donnachewhoche · pronounsubject of avevaavevahadavere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on donnaunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of figliofigliosonfiglio · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of avevadiscolowaywarddiscolo · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies figliolohimlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of accolseaccolsewelcomedaccogliere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with Parevabenevolmentekindlybenevolmente · adverbmodifies accolseeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlohimlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of confortòconfortòcomfortedconfortare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with accolse - 35
— We've been friends for twenty years, — she said, — and it isn't for a bit of milk and fresh cheese that I care for you.
Siamohave beenessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, pluralcopula linking to amiciamicifriendsamico · noun, masculine, pluralpredicate complement of Siamodaforda · prepositionpreposition marking annivent’twentyventi · numeralquantifies annianniyearsanno · noun, masculine, pluraltemporal adjunct of Siamoellasheella · pronoun, feminine, singularsubject of dissedissesaiddire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the quotative clauseeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnonnotnon · adverbmodifies èèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula in the cleft constructionperforper · prepositionpreposition marking po’unauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of po’po’bitpoco · noun, masculine, singularobject of per, focus of the cleftdiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking lattelattemilklatte · noun, masculine, singularcomplement of po’eande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking caciocaciocheesecacio · noun, masculine, singularcoordinated with lattefrescofreshfresco · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies caciochethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of voglio, completing the cleftioIio · pronoun, singularsubject of vogliotiyouti · pronoun, singularindirect object of vogliovogliocare forvolere · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the che-clause (idiom volere bene)benewellbene · adverbmodifies voglio"Volere bene a" is an idiom meaning "to love/care about"; literally "to want well."
- 36
— In a few days I'll bring you a lamb, — the servant promised all the same.
Frainfra · prepositionpreposition marking giornigiornidaysgiorno · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of porteròtiyouti · pronoun, singularindirect object of porteròporteròwill bringportare · verb, future, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the quoted sentenceunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of agnelloagnellolambagnello · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of porteròpromisepromisedpromettere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencetuttaviaall the sametuttavia · adverbmodifies promiseiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of servoservoservantservo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of promise - 37
And the two old lovers parted better friends than before.
Eande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of amantiduetwodue · numeralquantifies amantivecchioldvecchio · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies amantiamantiloversamante · noun, masculine, pluralsubject of lasciaronosieach othersi · pronoun, reciprocalreciprocal pronoun of lasciaronolasciaronopartedlasciarsi · verb, past, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencepiùmorepiù · adverbmodifies amiciamicifriendsamico · noun, masculine, pluralpredicate complement of lasciaronodithandi · prepositionpreposition marking primaprimabeforeprima · adverbmodifies amici - 38
To reassure the old mistress, Sidru thought it wise to let himself be seen.
Pertoper · prepositionintroduces the clause of rassicurarerassicurarereassurerassicurare · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on credèlatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of padronavecchiaoldvecchio · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies padronapadronamistresspadrona · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of rassicurareSidruSidruSidru · proper nounsubject of credècredèthoughtcredere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceopportunowiseopportuno · adjective, masculine, singularcomplement of credèlasciarsilet himselflasciarsi · verb, infinitiveinfinitive complement of credè, governs vederevederebe seenvedere · verb, infinitiveclausal complement of lasciarsi He should never have done it!
Nonnotnon · adverbmodifies avesse fatto, correlative with mail’itlo · pronoun, singulardirect object of avesse fattoavessehadavere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singularauxiliary of fattomainevermai · adverbmodifies fatto, correlative with nonfattodonefare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentenceBasile turned livid and began to scream like a little damned soul.
BasileBasileBasile · proper nounsubject of diventòdiventòturneddiventare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelividolividlivido · adjective, masculine, singularpredicate complement of diventòeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsihimselfsi · pronoun, reflexivereflexive pronoun of mise (mettersi a)misebeganmettersi · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with diventò"Mettersi a" + infinitive is an idiom meaning "to start doing".
atoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of urlareurlarescreamurlare · verb, infinitivecomplement of misecomelikecome · prepositionpreposition marking dannatounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of dannatopiccololittlepiccolo · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies dannatodannatodamned souldannato · noun, masculine, singularobject of come- 39
— You're coming after me, old fox? — he shouted, repeating his grandfather's insults.
Tuyoutu · pronoun, singularsubject of vienimimemi · pronoun, singularoblique complement of vieni (dietro a me)vieniare comingvenire · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentencedietroafterdietro · adverbmodifies vienivecchiaoldvecchio · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies volpevolpefoxvolpe · noun, feminine, singularvocative addressgridòshoutedgridare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceripetendorepeatingripetere · verb, gerundgerund clause modifying gridòletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of ingiurieingiurieinsultsingiuria · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of ripetendodelof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking nonnononnograndfathernonno · noun, masculine, singularmodifies ingiurie — Why?
Perchèwhyperché · adverbhead of the phraseAm I perhaps a hare, that I must be chased?
Sonoamessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularcopula linking to lepreforseperhapsforse · adverbmodifies lepreunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of leprelepreharelepre · noun, feminine, singularpredicate complement of Sonochethatche · pronoun, relativerelative pronoun referring to lepremimemi · pronoun, singulardirect object of inseguire (si-passive)sibesi · pronoun, impersonal/passivepassive marker of inseguiredebbamustdovere · auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singularauxiliary of inseguireinseguirechasedinseguire · verb, infinitiverelative clause on lepreI'm the one chasing you off, understand?
Tiyouti · pronoun, singulardirect object of cacciocacciochasecacciare · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceviaawayvia · adverbmodifies caccioioIio · pronoun, singularemphatic subject of cacciocapisciunderstandcapire · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the tag questionGet away, get away, go find yourself other work.
Vattenegoandarsene · verb, imperative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceviaawayvia · adverbmodifies Vattenevattenegoandarsene · verb, imperative, second-person, singularrepeated imperative, parallel to Vatteneviaawayvia · adverbmodifies vattenecèrcatilook for yourselfcercarsi · verb, imperative, second-person, singularparallel imperative to Vattenealtrootheraltro · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies servizioservizioworkservizio · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of cèrcati- 40
— You go chase off your fleas, you poisonous little frog, — the servant answered calmly.
Tuyoutu · pronoun, singularsubject of cacciacacciachasecacciare · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the quoted sentenceviaoffvia · adverbmodifies caccialetheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of pulcipulcifleaspulce · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of cacciapiccolalittlepiccolo · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies ranaranafrograna · noun, feminine, singularvocative addressvelenosapoisonousvelenoso · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies ranarisposeansweredrispondere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencetranquillamentecalmlytranquillamente · adverbmodifies risposeiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of servoservoservantservo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of rispose — My mistress, give me my supper; I've earned it.
Padronamistresspadrona · noun, feminine, singularvocative addressmiamymio · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on Padronadatemigive medare · verb, imperative, second-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencedatoda · prepositionintroduces the clause of cenarecenarehave suppercenare · verb, infinitivecomplement of datemimemyselfme · pronoun, singularemphatic reflexive dative of meritoloitlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of meritomeritohave earnedmeritare · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the second clause- 41
The old countrywoman, tall and stout, with the profile of a Roman matron, handed the old man the bread basket and signaled him to be quiet, so the ‘chick’ would not get any angrier.
Latheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of paesanavecchiaoldvecchio · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies paesanapaesanacountrywomanpaesano · noun, feminine, singularsubject of porsealtatallalto · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies paesanaeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgrassastoutgrasso · adjective, feminine, singularcoordinated with altaconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking profilounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of profiloprofiloprofileprofilo · noun, masculine, singularobject of con, modifying paesanadaofda · prepositionpreposition marking matronamatronamatronmatrona · noun, feminine, singularmodifies profiloromanaRomanromano · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies matronaporsehandedporgere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencealto thea il · prepositionpreposition marking vecchiovecchioold manvecchio · noun, masculine, singularindirect object of porseiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of canestrocanestrobasketcanestro · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of porsedelof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking panepanebreadpane · noun, masculine, singularmodifies canestroeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationglihimgli · pronoun, masculine, singularindirect object of fecefecemadefare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with porsecennosigncenno · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of feceditodi · prepositionintroduces the clause of taceretacerebe quiettacere · verb, infinitiveclause modifying cennoperchèso thatperché · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of arrabbiasseiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of pulcinopulcinochickpulcino · noun, masculine, singularsubject of arrabbiasseAn affectionate nickname (in quotes in the original) for the boy.
nonnotnon · adverbmodifies arrabbiassesihimselfsi · pronoun, reflexivereflexive pronoun of arrabbiassearrabbiassegot angrierarrabbiarsi · verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singularverb of the perché-clause (purpose), governs pulcinooltrefurtheroltre · adverbmodifies arrabbiasse - 42
*
- 43
And so that the ‘chick’ would not get any angrier, the masters decided that Sidru should keep watching over him, yes, but should not come back to the house, nor let himself be seen by Basilio in any way.
EAnde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationperchèso thatperché · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of arrabbiasseOlder spelling of perché.
iltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of pulcinopulcinochickpulcino · noun, masculine, singularsubject of arrabbiassenonnotnon · adverbmodifies arrabbiassesiitselfsi · pronounexpletive with arrabbiassearrabbiassewould get angryarrabbiare · verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singularadverbial clause on deciserooltrefurtheroltre · adverbmodifies arrabbiasseitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of padronipadronimasterspadrone · noun, masculine, pluralsubject of deciserodeciserodecideddecidere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencechethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of continuasseSidruSidruSidru · proper nounsubject of continuassecontinuasseshould continuecontinuare · verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singularclausal complement of deciseroatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of vigilarlovigilarlowatch himvigilare lo · verb, infinitivecomplement of continuassesìyessì · interjectiondepends on deciseromabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnonnotnon · adverbmodifies rientrasserientrasseshould come backrientrare · verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singularcoordinated with continuasseatoa · prepositionpreposition marking casacasathe housecasa · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of rientrassenènorné · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsihimselfsi · pronounexpletive with lasciasselasciasseshould letlasciare · verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singularcoordinated with continuasseininin · prepositionpreposition marking modoalcunanyalcuno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of modomodowaymodo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of lasciassescorgerebe seenscorgere · verb, infinitivecomplement of lasciassedabyda · prepositionpreposition marking BasilioBasilioBasilioBasilio · proper nounoblique complement of scorgere - 44
The boy did not demand to go back to the village every day, and the grandfather did not always grant his wish; but when it did happen, the ‘chick’ never forgot to turn around now and then, and one evening he made out the servant in the distance.
Nonnotnon · adverbmodifies tuttituttieverytutto · determiner, masculine, pluraldepends on giorniitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of giornigiornidaysgiorno · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of pretendevailtheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of fanciullofanciulloboyfanciullo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of pretendevapretendevademandedpretendere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceditodi · prepositionintroduces the clause of tornaretornarego backtornare · verb, infinitivecomplement of pretendevaintoin · prepositionpreposition marking paesepaesevillagepaese · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of tornareeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnonnotnon · adverbmodifies sempresemprealwayssempre · adverbmodifies esaudivailtheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of nonnononnograndfathernonno · noun, masculine, singularsubject of esaudivaesaudivagrantedesaudire · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with pretendevailtheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of desideriosuohissuo · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on desideriodesideriowishdesiderio · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of esaudivamabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationquandowhenquando · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of avvenivaciòitciò · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of avvenivaavvenivahappenedavvenire · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularadverbial clause on dimenticavailtheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of pulcinopulcinochickpulcino · noun, masculine, singularsubject of dimenticavanonnevernon · adverbmodifies dimenticavadimenticavaforgotdimenticare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceditodi · prepositionintroduces the clause of voltarsivoltarsiturn aroundvoltare si · verb, infinitivecomplement of dimenticavaognieveryogni · determiner, singulardeterminer of tantotantoso oftentanto · adverbmodifies voltarsieande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationunaoneuno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of seraseraeveningsera · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of scorsescorsemade outscorgere · verb, past historic, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with dimenticavaininin · prepositionpreposition marking lontananzalontananzathe distancelontananza · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of scorseiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of servoservoservantservo · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of scorse - 45
Blind with rage, he turned the horse, rode toward Sidru, and when he was close he lifted his foot to kick him in the face.
CiecoBlindcieco · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies the unstated subject of volsediwithdi · prepositionpreposition marking colleracolleraragecollera · noun, feminine, singularmodifies Ciecovolseturnedvolgere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cavallocavallohorsecavallo · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of volseandòrodeandare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with volseincontrotowardincontro · noun, masculine, singularmodifies andòatoa · prepositionpart of the phrase incontroSidruSidruSidru · proper nounoblique complement of andòeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationquandowhenquando · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vicinoglito himgli · pronoun, masculine, singularindirect object of vicinofuwasessere · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to vicinovicinoclosevicino · adverbadverbial clause on sollevòsollevòliftedsollevare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with volseiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of piedepiedefootpiede · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of sollevòpertoper · prepositionintroduces the clause of darglidargligive himdare gli · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on sollevòunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of calciocalciokickcalcio · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of darglisulon thesu il · prepositionpreposition marking visovisofaceviso · noun, masculine, singularmodifies calcio - 46
The old man barely had time to dodge aside: tears of anger and grief moistened his eyes.
IlTheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of vecchiovecchioold manvecchio · noun, masculine, singularsubject of fecefecehadfare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceappenabarelyappena · adverbmodifies tempoaina · prepositionpreposition marking tempotempotimetempo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of feceatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of scansarsiscansarsidodge asidescansare si · verb, infinitiveclause modifying tempolagrimetearslacrima · noun, feminine, pluralsubject of inumidironoOlder spelling of lacrime.
diofdi · prepositionpreposition marking rabbiarabbiaangerrabbia · noun, feminine, singularmodifies lagrimeeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking doloredoloregriefdolore · noun, masculine, singularcoordinated with rabbiagl’hisgli · pronoun, masculine, singularindirect object of inumidironoinumidironomoistenedinumidire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentenceglitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of occhiocchieyesocchio · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of inumidirono - 47
— Why, why do you keep coming after me? — the little bully shouted.
PerchèWhyperché · adverbhead of the phrasemabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationperchèwhyperché · adverbmodifies vienimimemi · pronoun, singularobject of the phrase vieni appressovienikeep comingvenire · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the clauseappressoafterappresso · adverbmodifies vienigridavashoutedgridare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of prepotentepiccololittlepiccolo · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies prepotenteprepotentebullyprepotente · noun, masculine, singularsubject of gridava — Do I need dogs, I?
Hohaveavere · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentencebisognoneedbisogno · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of Hodiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking canicanidogscane · noun, masculine, pluralmodifies bisognoioIio · pronoun, singulardepends on Ho- 48
Sidru had a strange idea: he raised his stick and, changing his voice, shouted:
SidruSidruSidru · proper nounsubject of ebbeebbehadavere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceun’auno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of ideaideaideaidea · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of ebbebizzarrastrangebizzarro · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies ideasollevòraisedsollevare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of bastonebastonestickbastone · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of sollevòeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmutandochangingmutare · verb, gerundcoordinated with sollevòvocehis voicevoce · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of mutandogridòshoutedgridare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with sollevò - 49
— Hey there, who are you talking to, little gnat?
OhèHey thereohè · interjectionhead of the phrasecontocon · prepositionpreposition marking chichiwhochi · pronounobject of conparliare you talkingparlare · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the questiontuyoutu · pronoun, singularsubject of parlimoscherinolittle gnatmoscherino · noun, masculine, singularvocative, addressing tu Who are you?
ChiWhochi · pronounhead of the phraseseiareessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularcopula linking to Chituyoutu · pronoun, singularsubject of seiI don't know you.
IoIio · pronoun, singularsubject of conosconondon'tnon · adverbmodifies conoscotiyouti · pronoun, singulardirect object of conoscoconoscoknowconoscere · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentence- 50
Basile, who was not as clever as he was overbearing, was somewhat puzzled: he looked at the servant's coat, his cap, his stick.
BasileBasileBasile · proper nounsubject of restòchewhoche · pronounsubject of eranonnotnon · adverbmodifies intelligenteerawasessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to intelligenteintelligentecleverintelligente · adjective, singularpredicate complement of eraquantoasquanto · adverbintroduces the comparison with prepotenteprepotenteoverbearingprepotente · adjective, singularsecond term of comparison with intelligenterestòwasrestare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencealquantosomewhatalquanto · adverbmodifies perplessoperplessopuzzledperplesso · adjective, masculine, singularcomplement of restòguardòlooked atguardare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularsecond main verb, parallel to restòiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cappottocappottocoatcappotto · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of guardòdelof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking servoservoservantservo · noun, masculine, singularmodifies cappottolatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of berrettasuahissuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on berrettaberrettacapberretta · noun, feminine, singularcoordinated with cappottoiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of bastonesuohissuo · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on bastonebastonestickbastone · noun, masculine, singularcoordinated with berretta Then he said:
PoiThenpoi · adverbmodifies dissedissesaiddire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentence- 51
— Toothless old man, aren't you my servant?
VecchioOld manvecchio · noun, masculine, singularvocative address, modified by sdentatosdentatotoothlesssdentare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmodifies Vecchioeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnonnotnon · adverbmodifies seiseiareessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of servomiomymio · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on servoservoservantservo · noun, masculine, singularpredicate complement of seituyoutu · pronoun, singularsubject of sei - 52
— Your servant?
IlTheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of servotuoyourtuo · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on servoservoservantservo · noun, masculine, singularhead of the phrase Like hell!
UnAuno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cornocornohorncorno · noun, masculine, singularhead of the phraseIdiom "un corno" is a dismissive exclamation, literally "a horn," meaning "no way"/"like hell."
Just because we look alike?
PerchèBecauseperché · adverbmodifies rassomigliamocieach otherci · pronoun, pluralexpletive with rassomigliamorassomigliamolook alikerassomigliare · verb, present, indicative, first-person, pluralmain verb of the sentenceI'm no servant, I'm a master.
IoIio · pronoun, singularsubject of sonononnonon · adverbmodifies sonosonoamessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularcopula linking to servoservoservantservo · noun, masculine, singularpredicate complement of sonosonoamessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularcopula linking to padronepadronemasterpadrone · noun, masculine, singularpredicate complement of the second sonoIf you don't know me, let me tell you my name is Sebastiano Marou.
SeIfse · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of conoscinondon'tnon · adverbmodifies conoscimimemi · pronoun, singulardirect object of conosciconosciknowconoscere · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularadverbial clause on facciotiyouti · pronoun, singularindirect object of facciofaccioletfare · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentencesapereknowsapere · verb, infinitiveclausal complement of facciochethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of chiamomimyselfmi · pronoun, singularexpletive with chiamochiamoam calledchiamare · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularclausal complement of sapereSebastianoSebastianoSebastiano · proper nounpredicate complement of chiamoMarouMarouMarou · proper noundepends on Sebastiano- 53
— Go on, go on, — said Basile, pulling the reins of the horse, which had started grazing.
Vagoandare · verb, present, imperative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelàonlà · adverbmodifies Vavagoandare · verb, present, imperative, second-person, singularcoordinated with Valàonlà · adverbmodifies vadissesaiddire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the narration clauseBasileBasileBasile · proper nounsubject of dissetirandopullingtirare · verb, gerundadverbial clause on disseletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of brigliebrigliereinsbriglia · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of tirandoalto thea il · prepositionpreposition marking cavallocavallohorsecavallo · noun, masculine, singularindirect object of tirandochewhichche · pronounsubject of messos’itselfsi · pronoun, reflexivereflexive pronoun of messoerahadessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of messomessostartedmettere · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularrelative clause on cavalloatoa · prepositionpreposition marking pascolarepascolaregrazepascolare · verb, infinitivecomplement of messo — You're Sidru; I'm not mistaken.
Tuyoutu · pronoun, singularsubject of seiseiareessere · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularcopula linking to SidruSidruSidruSidru · proper nounpredicate complement of seiioIio · pronoun, singularsubject of ingannononnotnon · adverbmodifies ingannomimyselfmi · pronoun, reflexive, singularreflexive object of ingannoingannoam mistakeningannare · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentence- 54
— Go away, and if it's Grandfather who sends you, tell him I don't need to be watched over.
Vattenego awayandarsene · verb, present, imperative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationseifse · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of èèisessere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula introducing BabboBabboDadBabbo · proper nounpredicate complement of è"Babbo" alone is literally "Dad"; the grandfather sense comes from the compound "Babbo grande" (Babbo + grande), not from "Babbo" on its own — assigning "Grandfather" to this token alone invents a meaning the surface form doesn't carry in isolation.
grandeeldergrande · adjective, singularmodifies Babbochewhoche · pronounsubject of mandatiyouti · pronoun, singulardirect object of mandamandasendsmandare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on Babbodiglitell himdire · verb, present, imperative, second-person, singular + clitic glimain verb of the sentencechethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hononnotnon · adverbmodifies hohohaveavere · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularclausal complement of diglibisognoneedbisogno · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of hod’todi · prepositionintroduces the clause of essereesserebeessere · auxiliary verb, infinitivepassive auxiliary of invigilatoinvigilatowatched overinvigilare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularpassive complement of essere, modifies bisogno — Go away or I'll really get angry…
Vattenego awayandarsene · verb, present, imperative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceooro · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmimyselfmi · pronoun, reflexive, singularreflexive object of arrabbioarrabbioget angryarrabbiarsi · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularcoordinated with Vattenedavveroreallydavvero · adverbmodifies arrabbio— And he did not move until Sidru pretended to head back toward the sheepfold.
Eande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnonnotnon · adverbmodifies mossesihimselfsi · pronoun, reflexivereflexive pronoun of mossemossemovedmuoversi · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencefinchèuntilfinché · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of finseSidruSidruSidru · proper nounsubject of finsenonnotnon · adverbmodifies finseThis 'non' after finché is pleonastic, not a real negation: finché non finse means "until he pretended," not "until he didn't pretend."
finsepretendedfingere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularverb of the finché-clauseditodi · prepositionintroduces the clause of ritornareritornarehead backritornare · verb, infinitivecomplement of finseversotowardverso · prepositionpreposition marking ovilel’theil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of ovileovilesheepfoldovile · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of ritornare- 55
The little game went on for several days; but by now the old servant couldn't take it anymore.
Iltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of giochettogiochettolittle gamegiochetto · noun, masculine, singularsubject of continuòcontinuòwent oncontinuare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceparecchiseveralparecchio · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of giornigiornidaysgiorno · noun, masculine, pluraltemporal complement of continuòmabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationoramaiby noworamai · adverbmodifies potevailtheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of servovecchiooldvecchio · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies servoservoservantservo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of potevanonnotnon · adverbmodifies potevaneitne · pronounpronominal complement of potevapotevacouldpotere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencenon poterne più is a set idiom: "couldn't take it anymore," not a literal "couldn't of it more."
piùanymorepiù · adverbcompletes idiom with poteva - 56
— My masters have always been mad. — he thought.
Itheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of padronimieimymio · determiner, masculine, pluraldepends on padronipadronimasterspadrone · noun, masculine, pluralsubject of mattisonohaveessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, pluralauxiliary of mattistatibeenessere · auxiliary verb, past, participle, masculine, pluralauxiliary of mattisemprealwayssempre · adverbmodifies mattimattimadmatto · adjective, masculine, pluralpredicate adjective of padronipensavathoughtpensare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentence — Mad and overbearing; but now they're becoming unbearable.
Mattimadmatto · adjective, masculine, pluralhead of the phrase (elliptical predicate)eande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationprepotentioverbearingprepotente · adjective, pluralcoordinated with Mattimabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationoranowora · adverbmodifies diventanodiventanoare becomingdiventare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentenceinsopportabiliunbearableinsopportabile · adjective, pluralcomplement of diventanoFirst they ruined their daughter, raising her like a king's daughter and giving her every vice; and so she came to the end she came to: she married a piece of filth, a drunkard, who made her die of grief.
Primafirstprima · adverbmodifies rovinatohannohaveavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, pluralauxiliary of rovinatorovinatoruinedrovinare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of figliuolalorotheirloro · determinerdepends on figliuolafigliuoladaughterfigliuola · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of rovinatoallevandolaraising herallevare · verb, gerund + clitic laadverbial clause on rovinatocomelikecome · prepositionpreposition marking figliuolaunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of figliuolafigliuoladaughterfigliuola · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of allevandoladiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking rerekingre · noun, masculinemodifies figliuolaeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdandolegiving herdare · verb, gerund + clitic lecoordinated with allevandolatuttialltutto · determiner, masculine, pluraldepends on viziitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of vizivizivicesvizio · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of dandoleperciòsoperciò · adverbmodifies fecefececame tofare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of finefineendfine · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of fecefare la fine che fece is an idiom for meeting one's fate; "fece" here is glossed as "came to" rather than the literal "made/did."
chethatche · pronoundirect object of the second fece (relative clause on fine)fececame tofare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on finesposòmarriedsposare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceun’auno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of immondezzaimmondezzafilthimmondezza · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of sposòunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of ubbriaconeubbriaconedrunkardubriacone · noun, masculinecoordinated with immondezzachewhoche · pronounsubject of the third fecelaherlo · pronoun, feminine, singulardirect object of the third fecefecemadefare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on ubbriaconemorirdiemorire · verb, infinitiveclausal complement of fecediofdi · prepositionpreposition marking doloredoloregriefdolore · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of morirNow it's the ‘chick's’ turn.
Oranowora · adverbmodifies èèisessere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of voltavoltaturnvolta · noun, feminine, singularpredicate complement of èdelof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking pulcinopulcinochickpulcino · noun, masculine, singularmodifies voltaLet him grow up a bit, let him have his way in everything, and you'll see where he ends up.
Lasciatelolet himlasciare · verb, present, imperative, second-person, plural + clitic lomain verb of the sentenceunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of po’po’bitpoco · adverbmodifies crescerecresceregrowcrescere · verb, infinitivedirect object of Lasciatelodateglielelet him havedare · verb, present, imperative, second-person, plural + clitics gli+lemain verb of the sentencedargliele vinte is an idiom ("always let him win/have his way"); dategliele and vinte together carry that meaning, not a literal "give them to him."
tuttealltutto · pronoun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of dateglielevintewonvincere · verb, past, participle, feminine, pluralpredicate complement of dateglieleeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvedretewill seevedere · verb, future, indicative, second-person, pluralcoordinated with Lasciatelodovewheredove · adverbmodifies andràandràwill goandare · verb, future, indicative, third-person, singularclausal complement of vedreteatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of finirefinireend upfinire · verb, infinitivecomplement of andràPoor me, to have landed in this family.
Miseropoormisero · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies memememe · pronoun, singularhead of the exclamationchewhoche · pronounsubject of capitatosonohaveessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularauxiliary of capitatocapitatolandedcapitare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularrelative clause on meininin · prepositionpreposition marking famigliaquestathisquesto · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of famigliafamigliafamilyfamiglia · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of capitatoThe worst of it is that I've grown grafted onto this family, so to speak; — he thought then, sighing.
Iltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of peggiopeggioworstpeggio · noun, masculine, singularsubject of èèisessere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencechethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sonomimyselfmi · pronoun, reflexive, singularreflexive pronoun of innestatociinto itci · pronoun, locativelocative pronoun of innestato, referring to famigliasonohaveessere · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularauxiliary of innestato (reflexive perfect: mi...ci...sono innestato)comeso to speakcome · adverbmodifies innestatoinnestatograftedinnestare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularpast participle of innestarsi, predicate of the che-clauseininin · prepositionpreposition marking famigliaquestathisquesto · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of famigliafamigliafamilyfamiglia · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of innestatopensòthoughtpensare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencepoithenpoi · adverbmodifies pensòsospirandosighingsospirare · verb, gerundadverbial clause on pensò— Yes, grafted; if I go away, it will feel to me like a branch torn from the trunk.
Sìyessì · interjectiondiscourse markerinnestatograftedinnestare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularhead of the phrase (elliptical predicate)seifse · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of andròandrògoandare · verb, future, indicative, first-person, singularadverbial clause on parràviaawayvia · adverbmodifies andròmito memi · pronoun, singularindirect object of parràparràwill feelparere · verb, future, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenced’todi · prepositionintroduces the clause of essereesserebeessere · auxiliary verb, infinitivecopula linking to ramocomelikecome · prepositionpreposition marking ramounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of ramoramobranchramo · noun, masculine, singularcomplement of esserediveltotorndivellere · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularclause modifying ramodalfrom theda il · prepositionpreposition marking troncotroncotrunktronco · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of diveltoMy Saint Basil, you help me.
SanSaintSan · proper nounvocative addressBasilioBasilBasilio · proper noundepends on Sanmiomymio · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on Sanaiutatemihelp meaiutare · verb, present, imperative, second-person, plural + clitic mimain verb of the sentencevoiyouvoi · pronoun, pluralemphatic subject of aiutatemi- 57
He sighed again and shook his head: — Yes, I love my masters, and surely they love me too, in their own way: we truly are like branches of different plants grafted onto the same trunk; but the masters are the oak, and I am the oleander that a single gust of wind can snap and carry away.
Egliheegli · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of sospiròsospiròsighedsospirare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceancoraagainancora · adverbmodifies sospiròeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationscosseshookscuotere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with sospiròlatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of testatestaheadtesta · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of scosseSìyessì · interjectiondiscourse markerioIio · pronoun, singularsubject of vogliovogliolovevolere · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceidiom 'voler bene a' = to love, care for
benewellbene · adverbcompletes the idiom voglio ... beneaito thea il · prepositionpreposition marking padronimieimymio · determiner, masculine, pluraldepends on padronipadronimasterspadrone · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of voglioeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationcertosurelycerto · adverbmodifies voglionoanchealsoanche · adverbmodifies voglionoessitheyesso · pronoun, masculine, pluralsubject of voglionomememe · pronoun, singularindirect object of vogliononewellne · pronounanaphoric substitute for bene, object of voglionone here stands in for 'bene' from the earlier clause: 'vogliono...ne' = they feel the same (love) too
voglionolovevolere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, pluralcoordinated with voglioaina · prepositionpreposition marking modomodowaymodo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of voglionolorotheirloro · determinerdepends on modosiamoareessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, pluralcopula linking to ramidavverotrulydavvero · adverbmodifies siamocomelikecome · prepositionpreposition marking ramiramibranchesramo · noun, masculine, pluralpredicate complement of siamo, introduced by comediofdi · prepositionpreposition marking piantediversedifferentdiverso · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies piantepianteplantspianta · noun, feminine, pluralcomplement of di, depends on ramiinnestatigraftedinnestare · verb, past, participle, masculine, pluralparticipial modifier of raminelloin thein il · prepositionpreposition marking troncostessosamestesso · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies troncotroncotrunktronco · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of innestatimabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of padronipadronimasterspadrone · noun, masculine, pluralsubject of sonosonoareessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, pluralcopula linking to quercialatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of querciaquerciaoakquercia · noun, feminine, singularpredicate complement of sonoioIio · pronoun, singularsubject of sonosonoamessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularcopula linking to oleandrol’theil · determiner, singulardeterminer of oleandrooleandrooleanderoleandro · noun, masculine, singularpredicate noun after sonochethatche · pronoundirect object of rompere, refers to oleandrounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of soffiosoffiogustsoffio · noun, masculine, singularsubject of romperediofdi · prepositionpreposition marking ventoventowindvento · noun, masculine, singularmodifies soffiopuòcanpotere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of rompereromperesnaprompere · verb, infinitiveverb of the relative clause modifying oleandroeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationportarcarryportare · verb, infinitivecoordinated with rompereviaawayvia · adverbmodifies portar - 58
One day he said to the master:
Unoneuno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of giornogiornodaygiorno · noun, masculine, singulartemporal adjunct of disseegliheegli · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of dissedissesaiddire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencealto thea il · prepositionpreposition marking padronepadronemasterpadrone · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of disse - 59
— Either you give me a horse, if you want me to go on playing dog to your grandson, or I swear I'll lie down under the first tree I find.
Oeithero · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmimemi · pronoun, singularindirect object of dàidàigivedare · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cavallocavallohorsecavallo · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of dàiseifse · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vuoivuoiwantvolere · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularconditional clause on dàichethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of continuicontinuicontinuecontinuare · verb, present, subjunctive, first-person, singularclausal complement of vuoiatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of farfaractfare · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on continuidaasda · prepositionpreposition marking canecanedogcane · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of faratoa · prepositionpreposition marking nipotetuoyourtuo · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on nipotenipotegrandsonnipote · noun, singularoblique complement of far (recipient)ooro · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtiyouti · pronoun, singularindirect object of giurogiurosweargiurare · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the second clause, coordinated with dàichethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sdraiomimyselfmi · pronoun, singularreflexive pronoun of sdraiosdraiolie downsdraiarsi · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularclausal complement of giurosottoundersotto · prepositionpreposition marking alberoiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of alberoprimofirstprimo · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies alberoalberotreealbero · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of sdraiochethatche · pronoundirect object of trovo, refers to alberotrovofindtrovare · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularrelative clause on albero - 60
— Lie down, then, — old Ara answered.
Sdràiatilie downsdraiarsi · verb, imperative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentence (imperative)purethenpure · adverbmodifies Sdràiatirisposeansweredrispondere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of Aravecchiooldvecchio · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies AraAraAraAra · proper nounsubject of rispose - 61
— You'll see, I'll do it, — the servant insisted, and he repeated his resolve at the house of his old lady friend as well.
Vedraiyou will seevedere · verb, future, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceloitlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of faròfaròI will dofare · verb, future, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of a separate clauseinsistèinsistedinsistere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of servoservoservantservo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of insistèiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of qualequalewhoquale · pronoun, singularsubject of ripetè'il quale' is a formal relative pronoun meaning 'who/which'
ripetèrepeatedripetere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on servoiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of propositosuohissuo · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on propositopropositoresolveproposito · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of ripetèanchealsoanche · adverbmodifies casainatin · prepositionpreposition marking casacasahousecasa · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of ripetèdellaof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking amicasuahissuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on amicavecchiaoldvecchio · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies amicaamicafriendamica · noun, feminine, singularcomplement of della, depends on casa - 62
— May Saint Basil help me, you'll see, I don't want to play the fool any longer.
Chemayche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the optative clause of ajutiSanSaintsan · adjectivemodifies BasilioBasilioBasilBasilio · proper nounsubject of ajutimimemi · pronoun, singularindirect object of ajutiajutihelpaiutare · verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singularmain verb of the optative clausearchaic spelling 'ajuti' for modern 'aiuti' (aiutare)
vedraiyou'll seevedere · verb, future, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of a separate clausenonnotnon · adverbmodifies vogliovogliowantvolere · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularauxiliary of farepiùany longerpiù · adverbmodifies voglio (non...più = no longer)fareplayfare · verb, infinitiveinfinitive complement of vogliolotheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of scemoscemofoolscemo · adjective, masculine, singulardirect object of fare Tomorrow I'll lie down under a tree: and may the little bully go to hell!
Domanitomorrowdomani · adverbmodifies sdrajeròmimyselfmi · pronoun, singularreflexive pronoun of sdrajeròsdrajeròwill lie downsdraiarsi · verb, future, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceold spelling 'j' for modern 'i' (sdraierò)
sottoundersotto · prepositionpreposition marking alberounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of alberoalberotreealbero · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of sdrajeròeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationchemayche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the optative clause of vadailtheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of prepotentepiccololittlepiccolo · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies prepotenteprepotentebullyprepotente · adjective, singularsubject of vadavadagoandare · verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singularmain verb of the optative clauseall’toa il · prepositionpreposition marking infernoinfernohellinferno · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of vada- 63
And indeed, the next day Sidru said again to the old master:
Infattiindeedinfatti · adverbmodifies dissel’theil · determiner, singulardeterminer of indomaniindomaninext dayindomani · noun, masculinetemporal adjunct of disseSidruSidruSidru · proper nounsubject of dissedissesaiddire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceancoraagainancora · adverbmodifies dissealto thea il · prepositionpreposition marking padronevecchiooldvecchio · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies padronepadronemasterpadrone · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of disse - 64
— Are you going to give me this horse or not?
Mememe · pronoun, singularindirect object of dàiloitlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object clitic of dài, anticipating questo cavallodàigivedare · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceooro · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnonotno · adverbcoordinated with dàiquestothisquesto · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cavallocavallohorsecavallo · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of dài, in apposition to lo I'm tired, I can't take any more of your madness, Benedetto Ara!
IoIio · pronoun, singularsubject of sonosonoamessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularcopula linking to stancostancotiredstanco · adjective, masculine, singularpredicate adjective after sonoioIio · pronoun, singularsubject of possononnotnon · adverbmodifies possoneof itne · pronounpartitive pronoun, refers to pazzie, object of possopossocanpotere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the second clausepiùany morepiù · adverbmodifies possodelleof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking pazzievostreyourvostro · determiner, feminine, pluraldepends on pazziepazziefolliespazzia · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of possoBenedettoBenedettoBenedetto · proper nounvocative addressAraAraAra · proper noundepends on Benedetto- 65
— If you can't take it anymore, well, go hang yourself, — the old man answered gruffly.
Seifse · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of puoinonnotnon · adverbmodifies puoineof itne · pronounpartitive pronoun, object of puoipuoicanpotere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularconditional clause on appìccatipiùany morepiù · adverbmodifies puoiebbenewell thenebbene · adverbdiscourse marker, introduces appìccatiappìccatihang yourselfappiccarsi · verb, imperative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentence (imperative)dialectal variant of 'impiccarsi', to hang oneself
risposeansweredrispondere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencerudementegrufflyrudemente · adverbmodifies risposeiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of vecchiovecchioold manvecchio · noun, masculine, singularsubject of rispose - 66
As usual, toward sunset, Basile set out and the servant followed him.
Alasa il · prepositionpreposition marking solitosolitousualsolito · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of partìversotowardverso · prepositionpreposition marking tramontoiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of tramontotramontosunsettramonto · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of partìBasileBasileBasile · proper nounsubject of partìpartìset outpartire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of servoservoservantservo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of seguìlohimlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of seguìseguìfollowedseguire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with partì It was a hot, cloudy day.
Erawasessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to giornataunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of giornatagiornatadaygiornata · noun, feminine, singularpredicate noun after Eracaldahotcaldo · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies giornataeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnuvolosacloudynuvoloso · adjective, singularcoordinated with caldaAbove the mountains of a dark, murky blue, the sun sank amid great, motionless red clouds that looked like enormous branches of coral.
Alto thea il · prepositionpreposition marking sopradiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking soprasopraabovesopra · adverbhead of the compound preposition al di sopra di, marking montagnedelleof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking montagnemontagnemountainsmontagna · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of calavadiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking azzurrounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of azzurroazzurroblueazzurro · noun, masculine, singularmodifies montagnefoscomurkyfosco · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies azzurroiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of solesolesunsole · noun, masculine, singularsubject of calavacalavasankcalare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencefraamidfra · prepositionpreposition marking nuvolegrandigreatgrande · adjective, pluralmodifies nuvoleeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationimmobilimotionlessimmobile · adjective, pluralcoordinated with grandinuvolecloudsnuvola · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of calavarosseredrosso · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies nuvolechethatche · pronounsubject of parevanoparevanolooked likeparere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluralrelative clause on nuvoleenormienormousenorme · adjective, pluralmodifies ramiramibranchesramo · noun, masculine, pluralsubject of parevanodiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking corallocorallocoralcorallo · noun, masculine, singularmodifies ramiThe sky was all black and red; in the silence of that fearsome sunset the already wilted flowers, the grass pale from the heat, bent right down to the ground; the shorn sheep scattered wearily among the brush, the dog fought and whined against a cloud of flies, and the crow hopped about and cawed mournfully.
Iltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cielocieloskycielo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of neroerawasessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to nerotuttoalltutto · pronoun, masculine, singularmodifies neroneroblacknero · adjective, masculine, singularhead of the phraseeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrossoredrosso · adjective, masculine, singularcoordinated with neronelin thein il · prepositionpreposition marking silenziosilenziosilencesilenzio · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of piegavanodiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking tramontoquelthatquello · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of tramontotramontosunsettramonto · noun, masculine, singularmodifies silenziopaurosofearsomepauroso · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies tramontoitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of fiorifioriflowersfiore · noun, masculine, pluralmodifies silenziogiàalreadygià · adverbmodifies appassitiappassitiwiltedappassire · verb, past, participle, masculine, pluralclause modifying fioriletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of erbeerbegrasserba · noun, feminine, pluralcoordinated with silenzioimpalliditegone paleimpallidire · verb, past, participle, feminine, pluralclause modifying erbedalfrom theda il · prepositionpreposition marking caldocaldoheatcaldo · noun, masculine, singularagent of impalliditesithemselvessi · pronounexpletive with piegavanopiegavanobentpiegare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencefinodownfino · adverbpreposition marking terraatoa · prepositionpart of the phrase finoterragroundterra · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of piegavanoletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of pecorepecoresheeppecora · noun, feminine, pluralsubject of sbandavanotosateshorntosato · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies pecoresithemselvessi · pronounexpletive with sbandavanosbandavanoscatteredsbandarsi · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencestanchewearystanco · adjective, feminine, pluralcomplement of sbandavanofraamongfra · prepositionpreposition marking macchieletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of macchiemacchiebrushmacchia · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of sbandavanoiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of canecanedogcane · noun, masculine, singularsubject of lottavalottavafoughtlottare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with sbandavanoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationguaivawhinedguaire · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with lottavacontroagainstcontro · prepositionpreposition marking nugolounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of nugolonugolocloudnugolo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of lottavadiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking moschemoschefliesmosca · noun, feminine, pluralmodifies nugoloeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of corvocorvocrowcorvo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of saltellavasaltellavahopped aboutsaltellare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with lottavaeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgracchiavacawedgracchiare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with saltellavamelanconicamentemournfullymelanconicamente · adverbmodifies gracchiava- 67
Sidru set out, his faithful stick in his hands; but as soon as he passed beyond his masters' enclosure, he threw himself down to sit under a tree, and with his stick he shook a threat at the distant little figure of Basile, fading black against the red background of the countryside.
SidruSidruSidru · proper nounsubject of partìpartìset outpartire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencecolwith thecon il · prepositionpreposition marking bastonesuohissuo · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on bastonefidofaithfulfido · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies bastonebastonestickbastone · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of partìfrainfra · prepositionpreposition marking maniletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of manimanihandsmano · noun, feminine, pluralmodifies bastonemabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationappenaas soon asappena · adverbmodifies oltrepassòoltrepassòpassed beyondoltrepassare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularadverbial clause on buttòlatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of tancatancaenclosuretanca · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of oltrepassòSardinian dialect word for a fenced-off pasture or field.
deiof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking padronipadronimasterspadrone · noun, masculine, pluralmodifies tancasihimselfsi · pronounexpletive with buttòbuttòthrewbuttare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of sederesederesitsedere · verb, infinitivecomplement of buttòsottoundersotto · prepositionpreposition marking alberounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of alberoalberotreealbero · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of sedereeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationcolwith thecon il · prepositionpreposition marking bastonebastonestickbastone · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of minacciòminacciòthreatenedminacciare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with buttòlatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of macchiettamacchiettalittle figuremacchietta · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of minacciòlontanadistantlontano · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies macchiettadiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking BasileBasileBasileBasile · proper nounmodifies macchiettachethatche · pronounsubject of dileguavasiitselfsi · pronounexpletive with dileguavadileguavawas fadingdileguarsi · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on macchiettanerablacknero · adjective, feminine, singularcomplement of dileguavasulloagainst thesu il · prepositionpreposition marking sfondosfondobackgroundsfondo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of dileguavarossoredrosso · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies sfondodellaof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking campagnacampagnacountrysidecampagna · noun, feminine, singularmodifies sfondo - 68
— Walk on, then, — he said aloud, — go, go, go to the devil.
Camminawalk oncamminare · verb, present, imperative, second-person, singularmain verb of the first exclamationpurethenpure · adverbmodifies Camminadissesaiddire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularparenthetical verb of sayingain aa · prepositionpreposition marking vocevocevoicevoce · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of dissealtaloudalto · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies vocevagoandare · verb, imperative, second-person, singularfirst of three repeated imperativesvagoandare · verb, imperative, second-person, singularsecond of three repeated imperativesvagoandare · verb, imperative, second-person, singularthird repeated imperative, governs diavoloalto thea il · prepositionpreposition marking diavolodiavolodevildiavolo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of va It certainly isn't Sidru Calìa who's going to follow you around like a dog today.
Nonnotnon · adverbnegates èèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to Sidrucertocertainlycerto · adverbmodifies èSidruSidruSidru · proper nounpredicate complement of èCalìaCalìaCalìa · proper nounpart of the name Sidruchewhoche · pronounsubject of verràquest’thisquesto · determiner, singulardeterminer of oggioggitodayoggi · adverbmodifies verràtiyouti · pronoun, singularindirect object of verràverràwill comevenire · verb, future, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on Sidrudietroafterdietro · adverbmodifies verràcomelikecome · prepositionintroduces the comparison, modifying verràunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of canecanedogcane · noun, masculine, singularobject of come- 69
He sat like that under the tree for about half an hour; the sun vanished, the red clouds went out, turned black, an earthy black, like spent coals: an infinite sadness weighed down upon the plain.
Stettestayedstare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencecircaaboutcirca · adverbmodifies oramezz’halfmezzo · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies oraorahourora · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of Stettesedutoseatedsedere · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularcomplement of Stettecosìlike thatcosì · adverbmodifies sedutosottoundersotto · prepositionpreposition marking alberol’theil · determiner, singulardeterminer of alberoalberotreealbero · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of sedutoiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of solesolesunsole · noun, masculine, singularsubject of sparvesparvevanishedsparire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of nuvolenuvolecloudsnuvola · noun, feminine, pluralsubject of spenserorosseredrosso · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies nuvolesithemselvessi · pronounexpletive with spenserospenserowent outspegnersi · verb, past, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencesithemselvessi · pronounexpletive with fecerofeceroturnedfarsi · verb, past, indicative, third-person, pluralparallel clause to spenseronereblacknero · adjective, feminine, pluralcomplement of fecerod’ofdi · prepositionpreposition introducing the appositive un nero terreo, describing nereunanuno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of neroneroblacknero · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of feceroterreoearthyterreo · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies nerosimililikesimile · adjective, pluralmodifies nuvoleatoa · prepositionpreposition marking carbonicarbonicoalscarbone · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of similispentispentspento · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies carboniunaanuno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of tristezzatristezzasadnesstristezza · noun, feminine, singularsubject of gravòinfinitainfiniteinfinito · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies tristezzagravòweighed downgravare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencesullaupon thesu il · prepositionpreposition marking pianurapianuraplainpianura · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of gravò - 70
The old man shook his head and shook his stick in threat: suddenly he got up and set off.
Iltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of vecchiovecchioold manvecchio · noun, masculine, singularsubject of scuotevascuotevashookscuotere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of testatestaheadtesta · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of scuotevaeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationminacciavathreatenedminacciare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with scuotevacolwith thecon il · prepositionpreposition marking bastonebastonestickbastone · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of minacciavaadata · prepositionpreposition marking trattounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of trattotrattomomenttratto · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of alzòIdiom: 'ad un tratto' means 'suddenly'.
sihimselfsi · pronounreflexive particle of alzòalzògot upalzarsi · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsihimselfsi · pronounexpletive with avviòavviòset offavviarsi · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with alzò He didn't know why, but a deep uneasiness stirred him; he thought he had heard the cry of an owl; he remembered the death of poor Annicca, Basile's mother, and thought:
Nonnotnon · adverbmodifies sapevasapevaknewsapere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceperchèwhyperché · interrogative adverbintroduces the indirect-question complement of sapevamabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationun’auno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of inquietudineinquietudineuneasinessinquietudine · noun, feminine, singularsubject of agitavaprofondadeepprofondo · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies inquietudinelohimlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of agitavaagitavastirredagitare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the ma-clauseglito himgli · pronoun, masculine, singularindirect object of parsoerahadessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of parsoparsoseemedparere · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the clauselemma corrected: parso is a past participle of parere ("to seem"), not the invalid verb pargere.
ditodi · prepositionintroduces the clause of udireudirehearudire · verb, infinitivecomplement of parsoiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of gridogridocrygrido · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of udirediofdi · prepositionpreposition marking civettaunaanuno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of civettacivettaowlcivetta · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of gridoricordavarememberedricordare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of mortemortedeathmorte · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of ricordavadellaofdi il · prepositionpreposition marking Anniccapoverapoorpovero · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies AnniccaAnniccaAnniccaAnnicca · proper nounoblique complement of mortelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of madremadremothermadre · noun, feminine, singularin apposition to Anniccadiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking BasileBasileBasileBasile · proper nounmodifies madreeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpensavathoughtpensare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with ricordava- 71
— I saw her born and I saw her die, poor little flower; and her child, poor Basile, I have always loved as if he were my own.
L’herla · pronoun, feminine, singulardirect object of vedutalemma corrected to la (feminine clitic "her"), elided before the vowel of ho.
hohaveavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularauxiliary of vedutavedutaseenvedere · verb, past, participle, feminine, singularmain verb of the sentencenascerebe bornnascere · verb, infinitivecomplement of vedutaeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmorirediemorire · verb, infinitivecoordinated with nascerepoveropoorpovero · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies fiorellinofiorellinolittle flowerfiorellino · noun, masculine, singularin apposition to L’eande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationalto thea il · prepositionpreposition marking bambinosuohersuo · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on bambinobambinochildbambino · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of volutoalto thea il · prepositionpreposition marking Basilepoveropoorpovero · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies BasileBasileBasileBasile · proper nounin apposition to bambinohohaveavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularauxiliary of volutosemprealwayssempre · adverbmodifies volutovolutolovedvolere · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentencevoluto bene (a) is the fixed idiom "to love/be fond of"; voluto carries the main sense here.
benewellbene · adverbmodifies volutopart of the fixed phrase voler bene a = to love, be fond of.
comeascome · conjunctionintroduces the comparison with creaturaadtoa · prepositionpart of the phrase comeunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of creaturamiamymio · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on creaturacreaturacreaturecreatura · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of voluto Why did I abandon him today?
Perchèwhyperché · interrogative adverbmodifies abbandonatooggitodayoggi · adverbmodifies abbandonatol’himlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of abbandonatohohaveavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularauxiliary of abbandonatoabbandonatoabandonedabbandonare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentenceAfter all, let's be fair, the Aras are fond of me, and they keep me in their service even though I'm no longer good for anything.
Dopoafterdopo · prepositionpreposition marking tuttotuttoalltutto · pronoun, masculine, singularobject of Dopodopo tutto = "after all".
siamolet's beessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, pluralcopula linking to giustigiustifairgiusto · adjective, masculine, pluralpredicate complement of siamogiusti is the adjective "fair/just", not a verb participle.
glitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of AraAraArasAra · proper nounsubject of voglionomimemi · pronoun, singularindirect object of voglionovoglionoare fond ofvolere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencevogliono bene = are fond of / love.
benewellbene · adverbmodifies voglionopart of the fixed phrase voler bene = to be fond of.
eande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmimemi · pronoun, singulardirect object of tengonocorrected: mi is the direct object of tengono ("they keep me"), not an expletive.
tengonokeeptenere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, pluralcoordinated with voglionoalina il · prepositionpreposition marking serviziolorotheirloro · determinerdepends on servizioservizioserviceservizio · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of tengonobenchèalthoughbenché · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of buonoioIio · pronoun, singularsubject of buonononnotnon · adverbmodifies sia buonosiaamessere · auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, first-person, singularcopula linking to buonopiùany longerpiù · adverbmodifies buonobuonogoodbuono · adjective, masculine, singularpredicate complement of siaafora · prepositionintroduces the clause of farfardoingfare · verb, infinitivecomplement of buononienteanythingniente · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of far- 72
Meanwhile he quickened his pace, but however fast he walked he no longer hoped to catch up with his little master.
Intantomeanwhileintanto · adverbmodifies affrettavaaffrettavaquickenedaffrettare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of passopassopacepasso · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of affrettavamabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationperhoweverper · prepositionpart of the concessive phrase per quantoquantomuchquanto · pronoun, masculine, singularoblique complement of camminassecamminassewalkedcamminare · verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singularverb of the concessive clause modifying speravarapidamentefastrapidamente · adverbmodifies camminassenonnotnon · adverbmodifies speravasperavahopedsperare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencecorrected: sperava is the main verb; camminasse (concessive clause) does not take a clausal complement.
piùany longerpiù · adverbmodifies speravaditodi · prepositionintroduces the clause of raggiungereraggiungerecatch up withraggiungere · verb, infinitivecomplement of speravailtheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of padronepiccololittlepiccolo · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies padronepadronemasterpadrone · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of raggiungere - 73
Evening was falling, sad and murky; about halfway along, Sidru had to cross a path, sunk between two low stone walls covered with hedges.
Latheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of seraseraeveningsera · noun, feminine, singularsubject of calavacalavawas fallingcalare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencetristesadtriste · adjective, singularsecondary predicate on seraeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfoscamurkyfosco · adjective, feminine, singularsecondary predicate on seracircaaboutcirca · adverbmodifies a metà stradaaata · prepositionpart of the phrase circametàhalfmetà · noun, feminineoblique complement of attraversarestradaroadstrada · noun, feminine, singularcompound with metàSidruSidruSidru · proper nounsubject of attraversaredovevahad todovere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of attraversareattraversarecrossattraversare · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of sentierosentieropathsentiero · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of attraversareincassatosunkincassare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularclause modifying sentierofrabetweenfra · prepositionpreposition marking muriccieduetwodue · numeralquantifies muricciemuriccielow wallsmuriccia · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of incassatolemma corrected to the singular muriccia.
copertecoveredcoperto · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies muricciediwithdi · prepositionpreposition marking siepisiepihedgessiepe · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of coperte Though it was nearly dark, as he passed along the path the servant noticed that a gap had been cut into one of the hedges, and that some stones had fallen from the wall; evidently a man must have lain in ambush behind the hedge.
Benchèalthoughbenché · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of buiofossewasessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singularcopula linking to buioquasialmostquasi · adverbmodifies buiobuiodarkbuio · adjective, masculine, singularpredicate complement of fossepassandopassingpassare · verb, gerundadverbial clause on accorselungoalonglungo · prepositionpreposition marking sentieroiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of sentierosentieropathsentiero · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of passandoiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of servoservoservantservo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of accorsecorrected: servo is the subject of s'accorse, not the object of passando.
s’himselfsi · pronoun, reflexivereflexive clitic of accorseaccorgersi ("to notice") is an inherently reflexive verb; si has no independent meaning here.
accorsenoticedaccorgersi · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelemma and morphology corrected: passato remoto third-person singular of accorgersi, not the invalid accorsere / second-person plural.
chethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of praticatoininin · prepositionpreposition marking unaunaoneuno · pronoun, feminine, singularoblique complement of praticatodelleof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking siepisiepihedgessiepe · noun, feminine, pluralmodifies unaerahadessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of praticatostatobeenessere · auxiliary verb, past, participle, masculine, singularpassive auxiliary of praticatopraticatomadepraticare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularverb of the che-clause, complement of accorseunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of varcovarcogapvarco · noun, masculine, singularsubject of passive praticatoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationchethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of cadutealcunesomealcuno · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of pietrepietrestonespietra · noun, feminine, pluralsubject of caduteeranohadessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluralauxiliary of cadutecadutefallencadere · verb, past, participle, feminine, pluralcoordinated with praticatolemma corrected to the infinitive cadere.
dalfrom theda il · prepositionpreposition marking muromurowallmuro · noun, masculine, singularsource complement of cadutecorrected: dal muro marks origin ("fell from"), not a passive agent (cadere is intransitive).
evidentementeevidentlyevidentemente · adverbmodifies the clause doveva essere stato in agguatounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of uomouomomanuomo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of dovevadovevamustdovere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceesserehaveessere · auxiliary verb, infinitiveauxiliary of statostatobeenessere · auxiliary verb, past, participle, masculine, singularcopula linking to agguatoininin · prepositionpreposition marking agguatoagguatoambushagguato · noun, masculine, singularpredicate complement of statodietrobehinddietro · prepositionpreposition marking siepelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of siepesiepehedgesiepe · noun, feminine, singularmodifies agguato- 74
The old servant broke into a run: an icy sweat dampened his forehead.
Iltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of servovecchiooldvecchio · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies servoservoservantservo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of misesihimselfsi · pronoun, reflexivereflexive clitic of misemettersi a = to set oneself to (doing), i.e. to start.
misesetmettere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of correrecorrererunningcorrere · verb, infinitivecomplement of miseunanuno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of sudoresudoresweatsudore · noun, masculine, singularsubject of inumidìcorrected: sudore is the subject of inumidì, not a modifier of it.
ghiacciatoicyghiacciato · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies sudoreglihisgli · pronoun, masculine, singularindirect object of inumidìcorrected: gli is the indirect-object clitic ("to him") giving the possessive sense "his forehead", not a determiner.
inumidìdampenedinumidire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelemma and morphology corrected: this is the passato remoto of inumidire, not a noun.
latheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of frontefronteforeheadfronte · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of inumidì He crossed the path, crossed another enclosure, and yet another.
Attraversòcrossedattraversare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelemma corrected to the infinitive; morphology corrected to passato remoto (not present tense).
iltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of sentierosentieropathsentiero · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of Attraversòattraversòcrossedattraversare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with Attraversòmorphology corrected to passato remoto (not present tense).
un’auno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of tancaaltraotheraltro · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies tancacorrected: altra is an adjective modifying the noun tanca, not itself the direct object.
tancaenclosuretanca · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of attraversòlemma corrected: tanca is a Sardinian regional noun for a fenced pasture, not a verb.
eande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationun’auno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of tancaaltraotheraltro · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies tancatancaenclosuretanca · noun, feminine, singularcoordinated with tanca (elliptical object of a second attraversò)ancorayetancora · adverbmodifies tancaAlready in the distance, by the light of the full moon appearing between two clouds, the village bell tower could be made out.
Giàalreadygià · adverbmodifies scorgevaininin · prepositionpreposition marking lontananzalontananzadistancelontananza · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of scorgevaalby thea il · prepositionpreposition marking chiarorechiarorelightchiarore · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of scorgevadellaof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking lunalunamoonluna · noun, feminine, singularmodifies chiarorepienafullpieno · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies lunachewhichche · pronounsubject of apparivaapparivawas appearingapparire · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on lunafrabetweenfra · prepositionpreposition marking nuvoleduetwodue · numeralquantifies nuvolenuvolecloudsnuvola · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of apparivasicould besi · pronoun, passive markerpassive si of scorgevaimpersonal/passive si construction: si scorgeva = "could be made out".
scorgevamade outscorgere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of campanilecampanilebell towercampanile · noun, masculine, singularsubject of scorgevacorrected: in the passive si construction, campanile is the grammatical subject, not a direct object.
delof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking villaggiovillaggiovillagevillaggio · noun, masculine, singularmodifies campanile- 75
Without hope of getting an answer, but driven by some mysterious impulse, Sidru cupped his hands to his mouth and began to call:
Senzawithoutsenza · prepositionpreposition marking speranzasperanzahopesperanza · noun, feminine, singularobject of senzadiofdi · prepositionintroduces the clause of ottenerottenergettingottenere · verb, infinitiveclause modifying speranzaApocopated literary form of ottenere before a consonant.
rispostaan answerrisposta · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of ottenermabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationspintodrivenspingere · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularparticipial clause modifying Sidru, coordinated with the senza speranza clausedabyda · prepositionpreposition marking impulsounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of impulsoimpulsoimpulseimpulso · noun, masculine, singularobject of da, agent of spintomisteriosomysteriousmisterioso · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies impulsoSidruSidruSidru · proper nounsubject of accostòaccostòcuppedaccostare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of manimanihandsmano · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of accostòallato thea il · prepositionpreposition marking boccaboccamouthbocca · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of accostòeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationcominciòbegancominciare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with accostòatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of chiamarechiamarecallchiamare · verb, infinitivecomplement of cominciò - 76
— Basile!
BasileBasileBasile · proper nounhead of the phrase Basile!
BasileBasileBasile · proper nounhead of the phrase- 77
A voice answered.
Unaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of vocevocevoicevoce · noun, feminine, singularsubject of risposerisposeansweredrispondere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentence - 78
Then the old man resumed his breathless run: after a moment, in the intense silence surrounding him, beyond the sound of his own footsteps and the panting breath of his own breathing, he heard a strained wail, like the crying of a child exaggerating his own pain.
Allorathenallora · adverbmodifies ripreseiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of vecchiovecchioold manvecchio · noun, masculine, singularsubject of ripreseripreseresumedriprendere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of corsacorsaruncorsa · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of ripreseaffannosabreathlessaffannoso · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies corsadopoafterdopo · prepositionpreposition marking momentounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of momentomomentomomentmomento · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of udìnelin thein il · prepositionpreposition marking silenziosilenziosilencesilenzio · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of udìintensointenseintenso · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies silenziochethatche · pronounsubject of circondavalohimlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of circondavacircondavawas surroundingcircondare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on silenziooltrebeyondoltre · prepositionpreposition marking rumoreiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of rumorerumoresoundrumore · noun, masculine, singularobject of oltre, adjunct of udìdeiof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking passisuoihissuo · determiner, masculine, pluraldepends on passipassifootstepspasso · noun, masculine, pluralmodifies rumoreeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of soffiosoffiobreathsoffio · noun, masculine, singularcoordinated with rumoreansantepantingansante · adjective, singularmodifies soffiodelof hisdi il · prepositionpreposition marking respirosuohissuo · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on respirorespirobreathingrespiro · noun, masculine, singularmodifies soffioegliheegli · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of udìudìheardudire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of lamentolamentowaillamento · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of udìforzatostrainedforzato · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies lamentocomelikecome · prepositionpreposition marking piantoiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of piantopiantocryingpianto · noun, masculine, singularmodifies lamento (comparison)d’ofdi · prepositionpreposition marking bimbounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of bimbobimbochildbimbo · noun, masculine, singularmodifies piantochewhoche · pronounsubject of esageraesageraexaggeratesesagerare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on bimboiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of doloresuohissuo · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on doloredolorepaindolore · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of esagera And at once he saw Basilio, or rather Basilio saw him and ran to meet him and threw himself upon him.
Eande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsubitoat oncesubito · adverbmodifies videvidesawvedere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceBasilioBasilioBasilio · proper noundirect object of videooro · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmegliorathermeglio · adverbmodifies the second vide (o meglio = "or rather")BasilioBasilioBasilio · proper nounsubject of the second videvidesawvedere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with the first videluihimlui · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of the second videeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationglito himgli · pronoun, masculine, singularindirect object of corsecorserancorrere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with the second videincontroto meetincontro · adverbcompound with corse (corse incontro = "ran to meet")eande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationglionto himgli · pronoun, masculine, singularindirect object of gettò (onto him)sihimselfsi · pronoun, reflexivereflexive pronoun of gettògettòthrewgettare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with the second videaddossouponaddosso · adverbmodifies gettò- 79
Sidru clasped him to his heaving chest, and asked him at once:
SidruSidruSidru · proper nounsubject of strinselohimlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of strinsestrinseclaspedstringere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencealto thea il · prepositionpreposition marking pettosuohissuo · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on pettopettochestpetto · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of strinseansanteheavingansante · adjective, singularmodifies pettoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationglihimgli · pronoun, masculine, singularindirect object of domandòdomandòaskeddomandare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with strinsesenz’withoutsenza · prepositionpreposition marking altroIdiom "senz'altro" means "right away, of course," not literally "without anything else."
altrofurtheraltro · pronoun, masculine, singularoblique complement of domandò - 80
— They haven't hurt you, have they?
Nonnotnon · adverbmodifies fattotiyouti · pronoun, singulardirect object of fattohannohaveavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, pluralauxiliary of fattofattodonefare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentencedelsomedi il · prepositionpreposition marking malemaleharmmale · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of fattononono · interjectiontag question on fatto - 81
— Yes, — the boy whimpered, — he threw me to the ground, there, on the path: he wanted to beat me because I was clinging to the saddle….
Sìyessì · interjectiondiscourse markerpiagnucolòwhimperedpiagnucolare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of fanciullofanciulloboyfanciullo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of piagnucolòmimemi · pronoun, singulardirect object of gettatohahasavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of gettatogettatothrowngettare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the quoted clauseperto theper · prepositionpreposition marking terraterragroundterra · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of gettatolàtherelà · adverbmodifies gettatonelon thein il · prepositionpreposition marking sentierosentieropathsentiero · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of gettatovolevawantedvolere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of battermibattermibeat mebattere · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentence, with attached clitic miperchèbecauseperché · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tenevomimyselfmi · pronoun, singularreflexive pronoun of tenevotenevokepttenere · verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the clause, with predicate aggrappatoaggrappatoclingingaggrappare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularpredicate complement of tenevo (mi tenevo aggrappato = "I was clinging")allato thea il · prepositionpreposition marking sellasellasaddlesella · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of aggrappato - 82
— Lord God, Lord God, — the old man began to moan, — tell me everything, and meanwhile let's run, let's not waste time, let's go to the police sergeant.
SignoreLordsignore · noun, masculine, singularvocative exclamationIddioGodIddio · proper nounmodifies SignoreSignoreLordsignore · noun, masculine, singularrepeated vocative exclamationIddioGodIddio · proper nounmodifies the second Signorecominciòbegancominciare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of gemeregemeremoangemere · verb, infinitivecomplement of cominciòiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of vecchiovecchioold manvecchio · noun, masculine, singularsubject of cominciòdimmitell medire · verb, imperative, second-person, singular, with attached clitic mimain verb of the imperative clausetuttoeverythingtutto · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of dimmieande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintantomeanwhileintanto · adverbmodifies corriamocorriamolet's runcorrere · verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural (cohortative)independent cohortative clausenonnotnon · adverbmodifies perdiamoperdiamolet's wasteperdere · verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural (cohortative)independent cohortative clausetempotimetempo · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of perdiamoandiamolet's goandare · verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural (cohortative)independent cohortative clausedalto theda il · prepositionpreposition marking brigadierebrigadieresergeantbrigadiere · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of andiamo But how many were there?
Mabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationquantihow manyquanto · pronoun, masculine, pluralsubject of eranoeranowereessere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentenceDidn't you recognize them?
Nonnotnon · adverbmodifies riconosciutilithemlo · pronoun, masculine, pluraldirect object of riconosciutihaihaveavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularauxiliary of riconosciutiriconosciutirecognizedriconoscere · verb, past, participle, masculine, pluralmain verb of the sentence- 83
— There was one, — said Basilio, taking courage again, — he had a rag over his face: he didn't speak; he pushed me, then he got up himself, on my horse, and disappeared, that way….
Unooneuno · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of eraerawasessere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the clause (existential "there was")dissesaiddire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularparenthetical verb of sayingBasilioBasilioBasilio · proper nounsubject of disseriprendendotakingriprendere · verb, gerundadverbial clause on dissecoraggiocouragecoraggio · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of riprendendoavevahadavere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceunoauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of stracciostraccioragstraccio · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of avevasulover thesu il · prepositionpreposition marking visovisofaceviso · noun, masculine, singularmodifies stracciononnotnon · adverbmodifies parlatohahasavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of parlatoparlatospokenparlare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentencemimemi · pronoun, singulardirect object of spintohahasavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of spintospintopushedspingere · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentencepoithenpoi · adverbmodifies montatoèhasessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of montatomontatomountedmontare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularcoordinated with spintoluihimselflui · pronoun, masculine, singularemphatic subject of montatosulon thesu il · prepositionpreposition marking cavallomiomymio · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on cavallocavallohorsecavallo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of montatoedande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationèhasessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of scomparsoscomparsodisappearedscomparire · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularcoordinated with spintodifromdi · prepositionpreposition marking làlàtherelà · adverbmodifies scomparso over there, toward the other village.
dainda · prepositionpreposition marking partequellathatquello · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of partepartedirectionparte · noun, feminine, singularhead of the phraseversotowardverso · prepositionpreposition marking paesel’theil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of paesealtrootheraltro · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies paesepaesevillagepaese · noun, masculine, singularobject of verso- 84
— But you didn't recognize him?
Mabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtuyoutu · pronoun, singularsubject of riconosciutononnotnon · adverbmodifies riconosciutolohimlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of riconosciutohaihaveavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularauxiliary of riconosciutoriconosciutorecognizedriconoscere · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentence He was short, wasn't he, with a black beard?
Erawasessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to bassottobassottoshortbassotto · adjective, masculine, singularhead of the phraseveroright?vero · adjective, masculine, singulartag-question particleconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking barbalatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of barbabarbabeardbarba · noun, feminine, singularobject of connerablacknero · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies barba- 85
— I swear to you I didn't recognize him, — Basilio shouted, growing angry.
Tiyouti · pronoun, singularindirect object of giurogiurosweargiurare · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentencechethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of riconosciutononnotnon · adverbmodifies riconosciutol’himlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of riconosciutohohaveavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularauxiliary of riconosciutoriconosciutorecognizedriconoscere · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularclausal complement of giurogridòshoutedgridare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with giuroBasilioBasilioBasilio · proper nounsubject of gridòarrabbiandosigrowing angryarrabbiarsi · verb, gerundadverbial clause on gridò — Yes, he was short.
Sìyessì · interjectiondiscourse markererawasessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to bassottobassottoshortbassotto · adjective, masculine, singularhead of the phraseNow I'll go report him at once, I'll have him arrested and convicted.
OraNowora · adverbmodifies vadovadoI'll goandare · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentencesubitoat oncesubito · adverbmodifies vadoatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of denunziarlodenunziarloreport himdenunziare lo · verb, infinitivecomplement of vadolohimlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of faròfaròI'll havefare · verb, future, indicative, first-person, singularcoordinated with vadoarrestarearrestedarrestare · verb, infinitivecomplement of faròeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationcondannareconvictedcondannare · verb, infinitivecoordinated with arrestareBut you, where were you?
MaButma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtuyoutu · pronoun, singularsubject of eridov’wheredove · interrogative adverbmodifies erieriwereessere · verb, imperfect, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentencewhy didn't you defend me?
perchèwhyperché · interrogative adverbmodifies difesononnotnon · adverbmodifies difesom’memi · pronoun, singulardirect object of difesohaihaveavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularauxiliary of difesodifesodefendeddifendere · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentenceAnd then why did they send you?
EAnde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationallorathenallora · adverbmodifies mandatoperchèwhyperché · adverbmodifies mandatotiyouti · pronoun, singulardirect object of mandatohannohaveavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, pluralauxiliary of mandatomandatosentmandare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentence- 86
The old man did not answer.
IlTheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of vecchiovecchioold manvecchio · noun, masculine, singularsubject of risposenondid notnon · adverbmodifies risposerisposeanswerrispondere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentence - 87
— Let's run, — Basile insisted, — we'll have him caught.
Corriamolet's runcorrere · verb, present, indicative, first-person, pluralmain verb of the sentenceinsistèinsistedinsistere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceBasileBasileBasile · proper nounsubject of insistèlohimlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of faremofaremowe'll havefare · verb, future, indicative, first-person, pluralmain verb of the sentenceraggiungerecaughtraggiungere · verb, infinitiveclausal complement of faremo - 88
— Don't worry, the king will catch him.
NonDon'tnon · adverbmodifies dubitaredubitareworrydubitare · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of rerekingre · noun, masculinesubject of raggiungeràlohimlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of raggiungeràraggiungeràwill catchraggiungere · verb, future, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentence - 89
Basile went on talking; his voice trembled, his hand clutched the old man's hand: every so often his whole body would give a start and he would start crying again like a small child.
BasileBasileBasile · proper nounsubject of continuòcontinuòwent oncontinuare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of parlareparlaretalkingparlare · verb, infinitivecomplement of continuòlatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of vocesuahissuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on vocevocevoicevoce · noun, feminine, singularsubject of tremavatremavatrembledtremare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of manosuahissuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on manomanohandmano · noun, feminine, singularsubject of stringevastringevaclutchedstringere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with tremavalatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of manomanohandmano · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of stringevadelof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking vecchiovecchioold manvecchio · noun, masculine, singularmodifies manodifromdi · prepositionpreposition marking tantoIdiom "di tanto in tanto" = "every so often / from time to time."
tantotimetanto · adverbmodifies sussultavaintoin · prepositionpreposition marking tantotantotimetanto · adverbmodifies sussultavasussultavawould startsussultare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencetuttoall overtutto · pronoun, masculine, singularmodifies sussultavaeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationricominciavawould start againricominciare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with sussultavaatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of piangerepiangerecryingpiangere · verb, infinitivecomplement of ricominciavacomelikecome · prepositionpreposition marking bambinounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of bambinobambinochildbambino · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of piangere - 90
— Oh, — the old man thought, — I feel as if I'm dreaming.
OhOhoh · interjectiondiscourse markerpensavathoughtpensare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of vecchiovecchioold manvecchio · noun, masculine, singularsubject of pensavamimemi · pronoun, singularindirect object of parepareseemsparere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with pensavaditodi · prepositionintroduces the clause of sognaresognarebe dreamingsognare · verb, infinitiveclausal complement of pare I, could I really have betrayed my masters like this?
IoIio · pronoun, singularsubject of tradireioIio · pronoun, singularsubject of tradirehohaveavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularauxiliary of tradirepotutocouldpotere · auxiliary verb, past, participle, masculine, singularauxiliary of tradiretradirebetrayedtradire · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentencecosìlike thiscosì · adverbmodifies tradireitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of padronimieimymio · determiner, masculine, pluraldepends on padronipadronimasterspadrone · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of tradireAnd yet I knew….
EppureAnd yeteppure · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsapevoI knewsapere · verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentence- 91
At last they arrived: they found the grandmother at the door, surrounded by nearly all the neighbor women.
Arrivaronothey arrivedarrivare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencefinalmenteat lastfinalmente · adverbmodifies Arrivaronotrovaronothey foundtrovare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of nonnanonnagrandmothernonna · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of trovaronosullaat thesu il · prepositionpreposition marking portaportadoorporta · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of trovaronocircondatasurroundedcircondare · verb, past, participle, feminine, singularadverbial clause on trovaronodabyda · prepositionpreposition marking vicinequasinearlyquasi · adverbmodifies tuttetuttealltutto · determiner, feminine, pluraldepends on vicineletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of vicinevicineneighbor womenvicino · noun, feminine, pluralagent of circondata - 92
— Ah, what a fright, — said the old mistress.
AhAhah · interjectiondiscourse markerchewhat ache · determinerdeterminer of paurapaurafrightpaura · noun, feminine, singularhead of the phrasedissesaiddire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of padronavecchiaoldvecchio · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies padronapadronamistresspadrona · noun, feminine, singularcomplement of disse — A few minutes ago the horse arrived, alone, with the saddle but without the saddlebag.
Pochia fewpoco · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of minutiminutiminutesminuto · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of arrivatofaagofa · adverbmodifies minutièhasessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of arrivatoarrivatoarrivedarrivare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cavallocavallohorsecavallo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of arrivatosoloalonesolo · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies cavalloconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking sellalatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of sellasellasaddlesella · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of arrivatomabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsenzawithoutsenza · prepositionpreposition marking bisacciabisacciasaddlebagbisaccia · noun, feminine, singularcoordinated with sellaWhat happened?
CheWhatche · pronounsubject of avvenutoèhasessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of avvenutoavvenutohappenedavvenire · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentenceI thought Basile had fallen off the horse.
CredevoI thoughtcredere · verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentencechethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of cadutoBasileBasileBasile · proper nounsubject of cadutofossehadessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singularauxiliary of cadutocadutofallencadere · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularclausal complement of Credevodaoffda · prepositionpreposition marking cavallocavallohorsecavallo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of caduto- 93
— Do me the favor of going away, — Sidru said to the neighbor women.
Fatemido for mefare mi · verb, imperative, second-person, pluralmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of piacerepiacerefavorpiacere · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of Fatemiandatevenego awayandarsene · verb, imperative, second-person, pluralcoordinated with Fatemidissesaiddire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularparallel clause to FatemiSidruSidruSidru · proper nounsubject of dissealleto thea il · prepositionpreposition marking vicinevicineneighbor womenvicino · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of disse — Nothing happened: the horse just got away from us.
Nonnotnon · adverbmodifies accadutoèhasessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of accadutoaccadutohappenedaccadere · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentencenullanothingnulla · pronoun, singularsubject of accadutocifrom usci · pronounindirect object of scappatoèhasessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of scappatosoltantojustsoltanto · adverbmodifies scappatoscappatogot awayscappare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cavallocavallohorsecavallo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of scappatoOff you go, — he added, pretending to shoo the women away with his stick.
ViaOff you govia · interjectiondiscourse markeraggiunsehe addedaggiungere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencefingendopretendingfingere · verb, gerundadverbial clause on aggiunseditodi · prepositionintroduces the clause of scacciarescacciareshoo awayscacciare · verb, infinitivecomplement of fingendoletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of donnedonnewomendonna · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of scacciarecolwith thecon il · prepositionpreposition marking bastonebastonestickbastone · noun, masculine, singularinstrument of scacciare- 94
— But the saddlebag?
MaButma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of bisacciabisacciasaddlebagbisaccia · noun, feminine, singularhead of the phrase The saddlebag? — the mistress cried.
LaTheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of bisacciabisacciasaddlebagbisaccia · noun, feminine, singularhead of the phrasegridòcriedgridare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of padronapadronamistresspadrona · noun, feminine, singularcomplement of gridò- 95
— Don't be afraid, Pasqua Ara.
NonDon'tnon · adverbmodifies averaverbeavere · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentencepauraafraidpaura · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of averPasquaPasquaPasqua · proper nounvocative addressAraAraAra · proper noundepends on Pasqua The saddlebag is safe, so may my own soul be saved.
LaTheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of bisacciabisacciasaddlebagbisaccia · noun, feminine, singularsubject of salvoèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to salvoininin · prepositionpreposition marking salvosalvosafesalvo · noun, masculine, singularhead of the phrasecosìsocosì · adverbintroduces the clause of salvasiamay beessere · auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singularcopula linking to salvasalvasavedsalvo · adjective, feminine, singularcoordinated with salvol’theil · determiner, singulardeterminer of animaanimasoulanima · noun, feminine, singularsubject of salvamiamymio · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on anima- 96
They went in, they shut the door.
EntraronoThey went inentrare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, pluralcoordinated with chiuserochiuserothey shutchiudere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of portaportadoorporta · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of chiusero - 97
— Listen, — the servant said to the mistress, — Basile has been robbed; I didn't manage to get to him in time, I'd been taken ill and had lain down under a tree.
SentiListensentire · verb, imperative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentencedissesaiddire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with Sentiiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of servoservoservantservo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of disseallato thea il · prepositionpreposition marking padronapadronamistresspadrona · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of disseBasileBasileBasile · proper nounsubject of passive derubatoèhasessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of derubatostatobeenessere · auxiliary verb, past, participle, masculine, singularpassive auxiliary of derubatoderubatorobbedderubare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentenceioIio · pronoun, singularsubject of fattonondidn'tnon · adverbmodifies fattohohaveavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularauxiliary of fattofattomanagedfare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentenceIdiom "fare in tempo a" = "to manage in time to."
ininin · prepositionpreposition marking tempotempotimetempo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of fattoatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of soccorrerlosoccorrerlohelp himsoccorrere lo · verb, infinitivecomplement of fattom’memi · pronoun, singularindirect object of venutoerahadessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of venutovenutotakenvenire · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentenceIdiom "venire male a qualcuno" = "to feel ill / be taken ill."
maleillmale · adverbmodifies venutoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationm’myselfmi · pronoun, singularreflexive pronoun of sdraiatoerohadessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singularauxiliary of sdraiatosdraiatolain downsdraiarsi · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularcoordinated with venutosottoundersotto · prepositionpreposition marking alberounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of alberoalberotreealbero · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of sdraiato It seems the thief then set the horse loose, and it found its own way home and got here before us.
Siitsi · pronoun, impersonalimpersonal subject marker of vedevedeseemsvedere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencechethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lasciatoiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of ladroladrothiefladro · noun, masculine, singularsubject of lasciatohahasavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of lasciatopoithenpoi · adverbmodifies lasciatolasciatoleftlasciare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the che clause, complement of vedeliberofreelibero · adjective, masculine, singularcomplement of lasciatoiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cavallocavallohorsecavallo · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of lasciatoiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulararticle component of the relative pronoun il qualequalewhichquale · pronoun, singularrelative pronoun (with il), subject of ritrovatohahasavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of ritrovatoritrovatofoundritrovare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularrelative clause on cavallodabyda · prepositionpreposition marking sèsèitselfsè · pronounoblique complement of ritrovatolatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of viaviawayvia · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of ritrovatoedande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationèhasessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of arrivatoarrivatoarrivedarrivare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularcoordinated with ritrovatoprimabeforeprima · adverbmodifies arrivato, part of the phrase prima di noidiofdi · prepositionpart of the phrase prima di noinoiusnoi · pronoun, pluraloblique complement of arrivatoI have a suspicion; if you promise me not to gossip, I may find out who the thief is, and if I do, I'll report him to the law at once, even if he were my own best friend.
loIio · pronoun, first-person, singularsubject of hoPrinted 'lo' here is the pronoun 'io' (I); an OCR/typesetting slip for the capital, not the object pronoun 'lo'.
hohaveavere · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of sospettosospettosuspicionsospetto · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of hoseifse · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of promettituyoutu · pronoun, singularsubject of promettimimemi · pronoun, singularindirect object of promettipromettipromisepromettere · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the se clause, modifies scopriròditodi · prepositionintroduces the clause of chiacchierarenonnotnon · adverbmodifies chiacchierarechiacchieraregossipchiacchierare · verb, infinitivecomplement of promettiioIio · pronoun, singularsubject of scopriròforsemaybeforse · adverbmodifies scopriròscopriròwill find outscoprire · verb, future, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of ladroladrothiefladro · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of scopriròeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationseifse · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of scoprolohimlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of scoproscoprodiscoverscoprire · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the se clause, modifies denunziolohimlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of denunziodenunzioreportdenunziare · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the apodosis clausesubitoat oncesubito · adverbmodifies denunzioallato thea il · prepositionpreposition marking giustiziagiustizialawgiustizia · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of denunziosiawereessere · verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singularconcessive copula linking to amico'sia pure' is a concessive idiom, 'even if he were.'
pureevenpure · adverbpart of the concessive phrase sia pureiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of amicomiomymio · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on amicomigliorebestmigliore · adjective, singular, comparativemodifies amicoamicofriendamico · noun, masculine, singularpredicate complement of siaI swear it to you on my conscience.
Teto youtu · pronoun, second-person, singularindirect object of giuroloitlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of giurogiurosweargiurare · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentencesullaonsu il · prepositionpreposition marking coscienzamiamymio · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on coscienzacoscienzaconsciencecoscienza · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of giuro- 98
The old woman promised not to gossip with the neighbor women, and the servant went out and made his way toward his lady friend's house.
Latheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of vecchiavecchiaold womanvecchio · noun, feminine, singularsubject of promisepromisepromisedpromettere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceditodi · prepositionintroduces the clause of chiacchierarenonnotnon · adverbmodifies chiacchierarechiacchieraregossipchiacchierare · verb, infinitivecomplement of promiseconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking vicineletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of vicinevicineneighbor womenvicino · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of chiacchierareeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of servoservoservantservo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of uscìuscìwent outuscire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb, coordinated with promiseeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinations’himselfsi · pronoun, reflexivereflexive marker of avviòavviòmade his wayavviare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with uscìversotowardverso · prepositionpreposition marking casalatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of casacasahousecasa · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of avviòdell’of thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking amicaamicalady friendamico · noun, feminine, singularmodifies casa But instead of going in, he flattened himself behind the courtyard's low stone wall and waited.
Mabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationinveceinsteadinvece · adverbintroduces the clause of entrarediofdi · prepositionpart of the phrase inveceentraregoing inentrare · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on appiattòs’himselfsi · pronoun, reflexivereflexive marker of appiattòappiattòflattenedappiattare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencedietrobehinddietro · prepositionpreposition marking muriccialatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of muricciamuriccialow wallmuriccia · noun, feminine, singularcomplement of dietro, modifies appiattòdelof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking cortilecortilecourtyardcortile · noun, masculine, singularmodifies muricciaeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationattesewaitedattendere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with appiattò- 99
The village lay silent, the night was sultry; now and then the moon appeared between the clouds and lit up the grass-covered roofs, the dusty little streets.
Iltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of villaggiovillaggiovillagevillaggio · noun, masculine, singularsubject of tacevatacevalay silenttacere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of nottenottenightnotte · noun, feminine, singularsubject of eraerawasessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to afosaafosasultryafosa · adjective, feminine, singularpredicate complement of eradifromdi · prepositionpart of the adverbial phrase di tanto in tanto, modifies apparivatantotimetanto · adverbpart of the adverbial phrase di tanto in tanto, modifies apparivaintoin · prepositionpart of the adverbial phrase di tanto in tantotantotimetanto · adverboblique complement of appariva'Di tanto in tanto' is idiomatic for 'now and then,' literally 'from time to time.'
latheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of lunalunamoonluna · noun, feminine, singularsubject of apparivaapparivaappearedapparire · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencefrabetweenfra · prepositionpreposition marking nuvoleletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of nuvolenuvolecloudsnuvola · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of apparivaeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationilluminavalit upilluminare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with apparivaitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of tettitettiroofstetto · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of illuminavacoperticoveredcoperto · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies tettidiwithdi · prepositionpreposition marking erbaerbagrasserba · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of copertiletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of straducolestraducolelittle streetsstraducola · noun, feminine, pluralcoordinated with tetti, direct object of illuminavapolverosedustypolveroso · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies straducole - 100
Around ten o'clock a man with a sack on his shoulders stopped in front of the door of Sidru's lady friend.
Versoaroundverso · prepositionpreposition marking dieciletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of diecidiecitendieci · numeralobject of verso, denotes the hourunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of uomouomomanuomo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of fermòconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking saccounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of saccosaccosacksacco · noun, masculine, singularmodifies uomosulleonsu il · prepositionpreposition marking spallespalleshouldersspalla · noun, feminine, pluralcomplement of sulle, modifies saccosihimselfsi · pronoun, reflexivereflexive marker of fermòfermòstoppedfermare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencedavantiin front ofdavanti · prepositionpreposition marking portaallathea il · prepositiondeterminer of portaportadoorporta · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of fermòdell’of thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking amicaamicalady friendamico · noun, feminine, singularmodifies portadiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking SidruSidruSidruSidru · proper nounmodifies amica The old servant recognized his lady friend's son and felt his heart pound.
Iltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of servovecchiooldvecchio · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies servoservoservantservo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of riconobbericonobberecognizedriconoscere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of figliofigliosonfiglio · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of riconobbedell’of thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking amicaamicalady friendamico · noun, feminine, singularmodifies figlioeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsihimselfsi · pronoun, reflexivereflexive marker of sentìsentìfeltsentire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with riconobbebatterepoundbattere · verb, infinitivecomplement of sentìilhisil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cuorecuoreheartcuore · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of battereHe got up and went over to the door himself.
S’himselfsi · pronoun, reflexivereflexive marker of alzòalzògot upalzare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinations’himselfsi · pronoun, reflexivereflexive marker of avvicinòavvicinòwent overavvicinare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with alzòanch’tooanche · adverbmodifies egliegliheegli · pronoun, masculine, singularemphasizes the subject of avvicinòallato thea il · prepositionpreposition marking portaportadoorporta · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of avvicinò- 101
— Good evening, Stone-head; where are you coming from?
Buonagoodbuono · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies nottenottenightnotte · noun, feminine, singularhead noun of the greeting Buona notteTestaheadtesta · noun, feminine, singularhead of the nickname phrase, term of addressdiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking pietrapietrastonepietra · noun, feminine, singularmodifies Testadondefrom wheredonde · adverb, interrogativeintroduces the question, modifies vienivienicomevenire · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the question, modified by donde What's in that sack?
Chewhatche · pronounsubject of contienecontienecontainscontenere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencequelthatquello · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of saccosaccosacksacco · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of contiene- 102
— Grass, — the other answered.
Erbagrasserba · noun, feminine, singularquoted answer, complement of risposerisposeansweredrispondere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencel’theil · determiner, singulardeterminer of altroaltrootheraltro · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of rispose - 103
— Ah, grass? — the old man went on, in a low but somewhat breathless voice.
Ahahah · interjectiondiscourse markererbagrasserba · noun, feminine, singularquoted phrase, complement of ripreseripresewent onriprendere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of vecchiovecchioold manvecchio · noun, masculine, singularsubject of ripreseconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking vocevocevoicevoce · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of con, modifies ripresebassalowbasso · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies vocemabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of po’po’bitpoco · adverbmodifies anelanteanelantebreathlessanelante · adjective, singularmodifies voce, coordinated with bassa — It seems too heavy to me, to be grass.
Mimemi · pronoun, singularindirect object of sembrasembraseemssembrare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencetroppotootroppo · adverbmodifies pesantepesanteheavypesante · adjective, singularcomplement of sembrapertoper · prepositionintroduces the clause of erbaesserebeessere · auxiliary verb, infinitivecopula linking to erbaerbagrasserba · noun, feminine, singularpredicate complement of essereLet me feel it.
Fammilet mefare · verb, imperative, second-person, singular (fused with clitic mi)main verb of the sentence (causative), governs toccaretoccaretouchtoccare · verb, infinitivecomplement of FammiIt's hard: there's a full saddlebag in here: the saddlebag you stole from my master.
Èisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to durodurohardduro · adjective, masculine, singularpredicate complement of Èquiherequi · adverbmodifies èdentroinsidedentro · adverbmodifies èc’thereci · pronoun, locativeexpletive with èèisessere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of bisacciabisacciasaddlebagbisaccia · noun, feminine, singularsubject of ècolmafullcolmo · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies bisaccialatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of bisacciabisacciasaddlebagbisaccia · noun, feminine, singularhead of the appositive noun phrase, resumes bisacciachethatche · pronoundirect object of rubatohaihaveavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularauxiliary of rubatorubatostolenrubare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularrelative clause on bisacciaalfroma il · prepositionpreposition marking padronemiomymio · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on padronepadronemasterpadrone · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of rubatoListen, you were a real coward; you robbed him because you knew he was alone.
Sentilistensentire · verb, present, imperative, second-person, singularmain verb of the first clauseseihaveessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularauxiliary of statostatobeenessere · auxiliary verb, past, participle, masculine, singularcopula linking to vilebenreallybene · adverbmodifies vilevilecowardlyvile · adjective, masculine, singularpredicate adjective with statolohimlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of derubatohaihaveavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularauxiliary of derubatoderubatorobbedderubare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentenceperchèbecauseperché · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sapevisapeviknewsapere · verb, imperfect, indicative, second-person, singularadverbial clause on derubatochethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of eraerawasessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to solosoloalonesolo · adjective, masculine, singularpredicate complement of eraBut the carabinieri are looking for you.
Mabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of carabiniericarabiniericarabiniericarabiniere · noun, masculine, pluralsubject of cercanotiyouti · pronoun, singulardirect object of cercanocercanoare looking forcercare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentence- 104
While he spoke, Stone-head had set the sack down on the ground: he was a short young man, dark, with a short black beard and a flattened nose: he looked as dark-skinned as a Moor.
Mentrewhilementre · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of parlavaegliheegli · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of parlavaparlavaspokeparlare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularadverbial clause on depostoTestaHeadTesta · proper nounsubject of depostodiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking pietrapietrastonepietra · noun, feminine, singularmodifies TestaThe nickname "Testa di pietra" ("Stone-head") is rendered by the translation as one word.
avevahadavere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of depostodepostoset downdeporre · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of saccosaccosacksacco · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of depostoperonper · prepositionpreposition marking terraterrathe groundterra · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of depostoerawasessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to giovinottounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of giovinottogiovinottoyoung mangiovinotto · noun, masculine, singularpredicate complement of erabassoshortbasso · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies giovinottobrunodarkbruno · adjective, masculine, singularcoordinated with bassoconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking barbaunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of barbacortashortcorto · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies barbabarbabeardbarba · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of giovinottonerablacknero · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies barbaeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of nasonasonosenaso · noun, masculine, singularcoordinated with barbarincagnatoflattenedrincagnato · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies nasoparevalookedparere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of negronegroMoornegro · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of parevaPeriod (1905) term for a dark-skinned man; the translation renders it as "Moor" rather than the literal word.
At the old man's last words he flinched back and, without opening his mouth, turned and ran.
Alleat thea il · prepositionpreposition marking paroleultimelastultimo · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies paroleparolewordsparola · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of rinculòdelof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking vecchiovecchioold manvecchio · noun, masculine, singularmodifies parolerinculòflinched backrinculare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsenzawithoutsenza · prepositionintroduces the clause of aprirapriropeningaprire · verb, infinitivecomplement of senzaboccahis mouthbocca · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of aprirsihimselfsi · pronoun, reflexivereflexive pronoun of volsevolseturnedvolgere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationscappòranscappare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with volseHis footsteps rang out like those of a horse in flight.
Itheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of passisuoihissuo · determiner, masculine, pluraldepends on passipassifootstepspasso · noun, masculine, pluralsubject of risuonaronorisuonaronorang outrisuonare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencecomelikecome · prepositionpreposition marking quelliquellithosequello · pronoun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of risuonaronod’ofdi · prepositionpreposition marking cavallounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cavallocavallohorsecavallo · noun, masculine, singularmodifies quelliininin · prepositionpreposition marking fugafugaflightfuga · noun, feminine, singularmodifies cavallo- 105
Then old Sidru knocked at the door, and when his lady friend opened it he picked up the sack and carried it inside.
Allorathenallora · adverbmodifies battèziounclezio · noun, masculine, singularsubject of battè"Zio" (lit. "uncle") is a respectful title for an elder; the translation renders it as "old Sidru."
SidruSidruSidru · proper nounmodifies ziobattèknockedbattere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceallaat thea il · prepositionpreposition marking portaportadoorporta · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of battèeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationquandowhenquando · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of aprìlatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of amicasuahissuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on amicaamicalady friendamico · noun, feminine, singularsubject of aprìaprìopenedaprire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularadverbial clause on sollevòegliheegli · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of sollevòsollevòpicked upsollevare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with battèiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of saccosaccosacksacco · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of sollevòeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationloitlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of misemiseputmettere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with sollevòdentroinsidedentro · adverbmodifies mise - 106
— Listen, — he said, — before I knew you, I had eaten my masters' bread: for your sake, I betrayed them now and then, but that's enough now.
Sentilistensentire · verb, present, imperative, second-person, singularmain verb of the first clausedissesaiddire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the parenthetical clauseprimabeforeprima · adverbintroduces the clause of conoscerdiofdi · prepositionpart of the phrase primaconoscerknowingconoscere · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on mangiatoteyoute · pronoun, singulardirect object of conoscerioIio · pronoun, singularsubject of mangiatoavevohadavere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singularauxiliary of mangiatomangiatoeatenmangiare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of panepanebreadpane · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of mangiatoaito thea il · prepositionpreposition marking padroni"Mangiare il pane a qualcuno" is an idiom for living at someone's expense/being in their service.
mieimymio · determiner, masculine, pluraldepends on padronipadronimasterspadrone · noun, masculine, pluralindirect object of mangiatoperforper · prepositionpreposition marking teteyour sakete · pronoun, singularoblique complement of traditiqualchesomequalche · determiner, singulardeterminer of voltavoltatimevolta · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of traditilithemli · pronoun, masculine, pluraldirect object of traditihohaveavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularauxiliary of tradititraditibetrayedtradire · verb, past, participle, masculine, pluralmain verb of the sentencemabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationoranowora · adverbmodifies bastabastathat's enoughbastare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb, coordinated with traditi by ma I've opened my eyes.
Hohaveavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularauxiliary of apertoapertoopenedaprire · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentenceglitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of occhiItalian uses the definite article, not a possessive, with body parts; understood as "my eyes."
occhieyesocchio · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of apertoI'm going right now to report your son.
Vadoam goingandare · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentencesubitoright nowsubito · adverbmodifies Vadoatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of denunziaredenunziarereportdenunciare · verb, infinitivecomplement of Vadotuoyourtuo · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on figliofigliosonfiglio · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of denunziare
The particulars
- The text
- I giuochi della vita, Grazia Deledda. The Games of Life.
- Translation
- Public-domain Italian (Deledda, d. 1936; collection published 1905). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
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