Italian · The Games of Life
Lo studente e lo scoparo
The Student and the Broom-Gatherer
Tap a sentence to open its words.
- 1
It was October.
Erawasessere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenced’ofdi · prepositionpreposition marking ottobreottobreOctoberottobre · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of Era - 2
Leaning, or rather perched, on the reddish wall of the vineyard, the student and journalist Lixia gazed at the harsh, melancholy landscape, whose memory had at times stirred fits of nostalgia in him.
Appoggiatoleaningappoggiare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularadverbial clause on guardavaooro · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmegliorathermeglio · adverbmodifies arrampicatoarrampicatoperchedarrampicarsi · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularcoordinated with Appoggiatosulon thesu il · prepositionpreposition marking muromurowallmuro · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of arrampicatorossiccioreddishrossiccio · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies murodellaof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking vignavignavineyardvigna · noun, feminine, singularmodifies murolotheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of studentestudentestudentstudente · noun, masculine, singularsubject of guardavaeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgiornalistajournalistgiornalista · noun, singularcoordinated with studenteLixiaLixiaLixia · proper nounin apposition to studente/giornalistaguardavagazed atguardare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of paesaggiopaesaggiolandscapepaesaggio · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of guardavaasproharshaspro · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies paesaggioeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmelanconicomelancholymelanconico · adjective, masculine, singularcoordinated with asproiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of ricordocuiwhosecui · determinerdepends on ricordoricordomemoryricordo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of avevaglihimgli · pronoun, masculine, singularindirect object of avevaavevahadavere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on paesaggioqualchesomequalche · determiner, singulardeterminer of voltavoltatimevolta · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of destatodestatostirreddestare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularcomplement of avevaimpetifitsimpeto · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of destatodiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking nostalgianostalgianostalgianostalgia · noun, feminine, singularmodifies impeti - 3
It was a stretch of high plain, covered in broom-thickets, amid whose dark green a yellowish road stood out, wide but crumbling, and reddish rocks streaked with rusty moss rose up.
Erawasessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to lembounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of lembolembostretchlembo · noun, masculine, singularpredicate complement of Erad’ofdi · prepositionpreposition marking pianuraaltahighalto · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies pianurapianuraplainpianura · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of lembocopertocoveredcoperto · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies lembodiwithdi · prepositionpreposition marking scopetiscopetibroom-thicketsscopeto · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of copertofraamidfra · prepositionpreposition marking verdeiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of verde (with cui, "whose")cuiwhosecui · pronounpossessive relative pronoun governing verde"il cui" is the fixed possessive-relative construction, not a plain article + relative.
verdegreenverde · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of fracupodarkcupo · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies verdedelineavasistood outdelinearsi · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular, with archaic postposed enclitic siverb of the relative clause introduced by "il cui" (modifying verde/pianura), not the sentence's main verb (that is "Era"); coordinated with spiccavanoArchaic word order: "delineavasi" = modern "si delineava".
unaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of stradastradaroadstrada · noun, feminine, singularsubject of delineavasigiallognolayellowishgiallognolo · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies stradalargawidelargo · adjective, feminine, singularcoordinated with giallognolamabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdirupatacrumblingdirupato · adjective, feminine, singularcoordinated with giallognolaeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationspiccavanorose upspiccare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluralverb of the relative clause introduced by "il cui", coordinated with delineavasi, not a separate main clauseroccierocksroccia · noun, feminine, pluralsubject of spiccavanorossastrereddishrossastro · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies rocciechiazzatestreakedchiazzato · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies rocciediwithdi · prepositionpreposition marking muscomuscomossmusco · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of chiazzaterugginosorustyrugginoso · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies musco The ashy-blue sky seemed even paler above the dark line of the broom-thickets, which spread out all the way to the horizon.
Iltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cielocieloskycielo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of parevad’ofdi · prepositionpreposition marking azzurrounanuno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of azzurroazzurroblueazzurro · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of cielo, head of the di-phrasecenerognoloashycenerognolo · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies azzurroparevaseemedparere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceancorevenancora · adverbmodifies piùpiùmorepiù · adverbmodifies chiarochiaropalerchiaro · adjective, masculine, singularcomplement of parevasullaabovesu il · prepositionpreposition marking lineacupadarkcupo · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies linealinealinelinea · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of parevadegliof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking scopetiscopetibroom-thicketsscopeto · noun, masculine, pluralmodifies lineachewhichche · pronounsubject of diramavanosi(reflexive)si · pronounreflexive particle of diramavanodiramavanospread outdiramarsi · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluralrelative clause on lineafinoall the wayfino · adverb, part of the compound preposition fino aintroduces, with all’, the complement of diramavanoall’to thea il · preposition + determiner, singularpreposition marking orizzonteorizzontehorizonorizzonte · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of diramavanoOnly a lark broke, with its faint cry, the silence of the landscape, and only a small cloud, white and faint as a feather, broke the solitude of the horizon; and it seemed that the lark, a little bored and sad, directed its cry at the cloud; and that the cloud had halted its solitary, tedious course to listen to the lark.
SoloOnlysolo · adverbmodifies allodolaun’auno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of allodolaallodolalarkallodola · noun, feminine, singularsubject of interrompevainterrompevabrokeinterrompere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencecolwithcon il · prepositionpreposition marking gridosuoitssuo · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on gridogridocrygrido · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of interrompevasfumatofaintsfumato · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies gridoiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of silenziosilenziosilencesilenzio · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of interrompevadelof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking paesaggiopaesaggiolandscapepaesaggio · noun, masculine, singularmodifies silenzioeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsoloonlysolo · adverbmodifies nuvolaunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of nuvolapiccolasmallpiccolo · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies nuvolanuvolacloudnuvola · noun, feminine, singularsubject of the second interrompevabiancawhitebianco · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies nuvolaeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtenuefainttenue · adjective, singularcoordinated with biancacomeascome · prepositionpreposition marking piumaunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of piumapiumafeatherpiuma · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of tenueinterrompevabrokeinterrompere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the second clause, coordinated with interrompeva (w4)latheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of solitudinesolitudinesolitudesolitudine · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of interrompevadell’of thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking orizzonteorizzontehorizonorizzonte · noun, masculine, singularmodifies solitudineeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationparevait seemedparere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencechethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dirigessel’theil · determiner, singulardeterminer of allodolaallodolalarkallodola · noun, feminine, singularsubject of dirigesseunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of po’po’littlepo’ · adverbmodifies annoiataannoiataboredannoiato · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies allodolaeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtristesadtriste · adjective, singularcoordinated with annoiatadirigessedirecteddirigere · verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singularclausal complement of parevailtheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of gridosuoitssuo · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on gridogridocrygrido · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of dirigesseallaata il · prepositionpreposition marking nuvolanuvolacloudnuvola · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of dirigesseeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationchethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fermatolatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of nuvolanuvolacloudnuvola · noun, feminine, singularsubject of fermatoavessehadavere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singularauxiliary of fermatofermatohaltedfermare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularclausal complement of pareva, coordinated with dirigesseiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of corsosuoitssuo · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on corsocorsocoursecorso · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of fermatosolitariosolitarysolitario · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies corsoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnoiosotediousnoioso · adjective, masculine, singularcoordinated with solitariopertoper · prepositionintroduces the purpose clause with ascoltarascoltarlisten toascoltare · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on fermatol’theil · determiner, singulardeterminer of allodolaallodolalarkallodola · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of ascoltar- 4
Lixia watched, and he too was growing bored.
LixiaLixiaLixia · proper nounsubject of guardavaguardavawatchedguardare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationanch’tooanche · adverbmodifies egliegliheegli · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of annoiavas’(reflexive)si · pronounreflexive particle of annoiavaannoiavawas growing boredannoiarsi · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with guardava He felt a treacherous drowsiness veiling his mind: it seemed to him that the shadow of the motionless fig tree on the reddish wall — a heavy, deadly shadow — was settling over his thoughts.
Sentivafeltsentire · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of sonnolenzaperfidatreacherousperfido · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies sonnolenzasonnolenzadrowsinesssonnolenza · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of Sentivavelargliveilingvelare · verb, infinitive, with enclitic pronoun glicomplement of SentivaThe enclitic "gli" attached here supplies "his" (dative of possession) for la mente.
lahisil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of mentementemindmente · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of velargliglito himgli · pronoun, masculine, singularindirect object of parevaparevait seemedparere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencechethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of calassel’theil · determiner, singulardeterminer of ombraombrashadowombra · noun, feminine, singularsubject of calassedelof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking ficoficofig treefico · noun, masculine, singularmodifies ombraimmobilemotionlessimmobile · adjective, singularmodifies ficosulon thesu il · prepositionpreposition marking muromurowallmuro · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of immobilerossiccioreddishrossiccio · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies muroun’auno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of ombra (w20)ombrashadowombra · noun, feminine, singularin apposition to ombra (w12)pesanteheavypesante · adjective, singularmodifies ombraeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationletaledeadlyletale · adjective, singularcoordinated with pesanteglihisgli · pronoun, masculine, singularindirect object of calassecalassewas settlingcalare · verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singularmain verb of the che-clausesulover thesu il · prepositionpreposition marking pensieropensierothoughtspensiero · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of calasse- 5
"What a melancholy, wretched country Sardinia is!" he thought.
Chewhat ache · exclamative determinerdeterminer of paesemelanconicomelancholymelanconico · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies paeseeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdisgraziatowretcheddisgraziato · adjective, masculine, singularcoordinated with melanconico, modifies paesepaesecountrypaese · noun, masculine, singularpredicate complement of è, head of the exclamative phraseèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking Sardegna to paeselatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of SardegnaItalian uses the definite article before the country name; English has no equivalent.
SardegnaSardiniaSardegna · proper nounsubject of èpensavathoughtpensare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentence "Even the clouds and the birds grow bored here.
AncheEvenanche · adverbmodifies nuvoleletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of nuvolenuvolecloudsnuvola · noun, feminine, pluralsubject of annoianoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationglitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of uccelliuccellibirdsuccello · noun, masculine, pluralcoordinated with nuvolecihereci · adverb, locativemodifies annoianosi(reflexive)si · pronounreflexive particle of annoianoannoianogrow boredannoiarsi · verb, present, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentenceWhile the whole world stirs and moves forward, it alone, the dead island, is silent.
MentreWhilementre · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of agitatuttothe wholetutto · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on mondoiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of mondomondoworldmondo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of agitasi(reflexive)si · pronounreflexive particle of agitaagitastirsagitarsi · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the mentre-clauseeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationcamminamoves forwardcamminare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with agitaessaitessa · pronoun, feminine, singularsubject of tacesolaalonesolo · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies essal’theil · determiner, singulardeterminer of isolaisolaislandisola · noun, feminine, singularin apposition to essamortadeadmorto · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies isolataceis silenttacere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceAnd what is not yet dead is dying, just as my father's vineyard — this vineyard, which alone lived on in the wild moorland — is dying of phylloxera.
EAnde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationciòwhatciò · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of agonizzachethatche · pronounsubject of mortoancorayetancora · adverbmodifies mortononnotnon · adverbmodifies mortoèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of mortomortodeadmorire · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularrelative clause on ciòagonizzais dyingagonizzare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencecosìjustcosì · adverbmodifies agonizza, correlative with comecomeascome · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the comparative clause with muorelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of vignavignavineyardvigna · noun, feminine, singularsubject of muorediofdi · prepositionpreposition marking padremiomymio · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on padrepadrefatherpadre · noun, masculine, singularmodifies vignaquestathisquesto · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of vigna (w17)vignavineyardvigna · noun, feminine, singularin apposition to vigna (w12)chewhichche · pronounsubject of vivevasolaalonesolo · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies chevivevalived onvivere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on vignanellain thein il · prepositionpreposition marking landalandamoorlandlanda · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of vivevaselvaggiawildselvaggio · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies landamuoreis dyingmorire · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the come-clausediofdi · prepositionpreposition marking filosserafilosseraphylloxerafilossera · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of muoreNext year there will be nothing left but the walls and this fig tree, if even those remain.
L’Theil · determiner, singulardeterminer of annoannoyearanno · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of sarannoventuronextventuro · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies annononnotnon · adverbmodifies saranno, part of non...checithereci · adverb, locative/existentialmodifies sarannosarannowill beessere · verb, future, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencechebutche · adverb, restrictive, part of non...cherestricts saranno to muri and ficoitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of murimuriwallsmuro · noun, masculine, pluralsubject of sarannoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationquestothisquesto · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of ficoficofig treefico · noun, masculine, singularcoordinated with muriseifse · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of the second sarannopureevenpure · adverbmodifies the second sarannocithereci · adverb, locative/existentialmodifies the second sarannosarannoremainessere · verb, future, indicative, third-person, pluralconditional clause on saranno (w6)And I won't be able to replant it, our vineyard!
EdAnde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationioIio · pronoun, singularsubject of sarònonnotnon · adverbmodifies saròsaròwill beessere · auxiliary verb, future, indicative, first-person, singularcopula linking to buonobuonoablebuono · adjective, masculine, singularpredicate complement of saròatoa · prepositionpreposition marking ripiantarlaripiantarlareplant itripiantare la · verb, infinitivecomplement of buono alatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of vignanostraournostro · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on vignavignavineyardvigna · noun, feminine, singularin apposition to the object of ripiantarlaHow could I?
ComeHowcome · adverbmodifies potreipotreicouldpotere · verb, present, conditional, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceDo I know anything about vineyards?
Mimyselfmi · pronoun, singularreflexive pronoun of intendointendersi di = to know about/be skilled in; mi is the reflexive pronoun, not a direct object of intendo.
intendoknowintendere · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceioIio · pronoun, singularsubject of intendodiaboutdi · prepositionpreposition marking vignevignevineyardsvigna · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of intendoBut who is that man?
MaButma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationchiwhochi · pronounsubject of èèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to uomoquell’thatquello · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of uomouomomanuomo · noun, masculine, singularpredicate complement of èAh, uncle Pascale — now the landscape is completed by his sad, hard figure.
AhAhah · interjectionhead of the phraseziounclezio · noun, masculine, singularvocative, addressedPascalePascalePascale · proper nounin apposition to zioecconowecco · adverbhead of the phrasechethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of completatoiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of paesaggiopaesaggiolandscapepaesaggio · noun, masculine, singularsubject of passive completatoèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularpassive auxiliary of completatocompletatocompletedcompletare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the che-clause (ecco che...)dallabyda il · prepositionpreposition marking figurasuahissuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on figurafigurafigurefigura · noun, feminine, singularagent of completatotristesadtriste · adjective, singularmodifies figuraeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdurahardduro · adjective, feminine, singularcoordinated with tristeThat old man looks like a man made of rusted iron.
Parelooks likeparere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of uomouomomanuomo · noun, masculine, singularpredicate complement of Parediofdi · prepositionpreposition marking ferroferroironferro · noun, masculine, singularmodifies uomoarrugginitorustedarrugginito · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies ferroquelthatquello · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of vecchiovecchioold manvecchio · noun, masculine, singularsubject of PareIf I were a symbolist painter I would draw that old man, just like this, between two broom-bushes, beside a blood-red rock, against the pale sky, and I would title it: Sardinia.
S’Ifse · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fossiioIio · pronoun, singularsubject of fossifossiwereessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, first-person, singularverb of the se-clausepittorepainterpittore · noun, masculine, singularcomplement of fossisimbolistasymbolistsimbolista · adjective, singularmodifies pittoredisegnereiwould drawdisegnare · verb, present, conditional, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentencequelthatquello · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of vecchiovecchioold manvecchio · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of disegnereicosìlike thiscosì · adverbmodifies disegnereifrabetweenfra · prepositionpreposition marking scopeduetwodue · numeralquantifies scopescopebroom-bushesscope · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of disegnereiaccantobesideaccanto · adverbpreposition marking rocciaadtoa · prepositionpart of the phrase accantounaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of rocciarocciarockroccia · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of accanto adsanguignablood-redsanguigno · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies rocciasulagainstsu il · prepositionpreposition marking cielocieloskycielo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of disegnereianemicopaleanemico · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies cieloeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintitolereiwould titleintitolare · verb, present, conditional, first-person, singularcoordinated with disegnereiSardegnaSardiniaSardegna · proper noundirect object of intitolerei- 6
The broom-gatherer advanced slowly, cutting the best bushes here and there; and as he drew nearer, the student clearly heard a groan, a stifled cough, echoing more within the old man's chest than on his lips.
LoTheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of scoparoscoparobroom-gathererscoparo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of avanzavas’himselfsi · pronounexpletive with avanzavaavanzavaadvancedavanzare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelentamenteslowlylentamente · adverbmodifies avanzavatagliandocuttingtagliare · verb, gerundadverbial clause on avanzavaquaherequa · adverbmodifies tagliandoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlàtherelà · adverbcoordinated with quaitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of cespuglimiglioribestmigliore · adjective, plural, comparativemodifies cespuglicespuglibushescespuglio · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of tagliandoedande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationaasa · prepositionpart of the idiom a misura che (=as)misurameasuremisura · noun, feminine, singularpart of the idiom a misura che, modifying udivaa misura che is an idiom meaning "as / in proportion as".
cheasche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of avvicinava, completing a misura cheegliheegli · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of avvicinavasihimselfsi · pronounexpletive with avvicinavaavvicinavadrew nearavvicinare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularverb of the a-misura-che clause, modifies udivalotheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of studentestudentestudentstudente · noun, masculine, singularsubject of udivaudivaheardudire · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencedistintamenteclearlydistintamente · adverbmodifies udivaunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of gemitogemitogroangemito · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of udivaunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of tossetossecoughtosse · noun, feminine, singularcoordinated with gemitorepressastifledrepresso · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies tosserisuonanteechoingrisuonante · adjective, singularmodifies gemito and tosse (participial phrase)piùmorepiù · adverbmodifies risuonante (più...che = more...than)entrowithinentro · prepositionpreposition marking pettoiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of pettopettochestpetto · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of risuonantechethanche · conjunctionpart of the più...che comparison (=than)sulleon thesu il · prepositionpreposition marking labbralabbralipslabbro · noun, feminine, pluralcompared with petto (più...che)delof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking vecchiovecchioold manvecchio · noun, masculine, singularmodifies labbra - 7
Uncle Pascale perhaps had a fever and was raving, because when he arrived right below the little rise where the vineyard wall climbed, Lixia heard him speaking vaguely, like a sleepwalker.
ZioUnclezio · noun, masculine, singularsubject of avevaPascalePascalePascale · proper noundepends on Zioavevahadavere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceforseperhapsforse · adverbmodifies avevalatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of febbrefebbrefeverfebbre · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of avevaeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvaneggiavawas ravingvaneggiare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with avevaperchèbecauseperché · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the reason clause (Lixia udì...)quandowhenquando · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of giunseegliheegli · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of giunsegiunsearrivedgiungere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularverb of the quando-clause, modifies udìpropriorightproprio · adverbmodifies rialtosottobelowsotto · prepositionpreposition marking rialtoiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of rialtopiccololittlepiccolo · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies rialtorialtoriserialto · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of giunsesulonsu il · prepositionpreposition marking qualequalewhichquale · pronoun, singularrelative pronoun referring to rialto, object of sularrampicavasiclimbedarrampicarsi · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularverb of the relative clause (sul quale...), describes rialtoArchaic literary word order: arrampicavasi = si arrampicava, with the reflexive clitic postposed to the verb.
iltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of muromurowallmuro · noun, masculine, singularsubject of arrampicavasidellaof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking vignavignavineyardvigna · noun, feminine, singularmodifies muroLixiaLixiaLixia · proper nounsubject of udìlohimlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of udìudìheardudire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceparlarespeakingparlare · verb, infinitivecomplement of udìvagamentevaguelyvagamente · adverbmodifies parlarecomelikecome · prepositionpreposition marking sonnambulounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of sonnambulosonnambulosleepwalkersonnambulo · noun, masculine, singularcomplement of come, modifies parlare - 8
"Maria Annicca," the old broom-gatherer was saying, with mild reproach, "why did you do that?
MariaMariaMaria · proper nounvocative, addressed by the speakerAnniccaAnniccaAnnicca · proper noundepends on Mariadicevawas sayingdire · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of scoparovecchiooldvecchio · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies scoparoscoparobroom-gathererscoparo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of dicevaconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking rimproveroleggeromildleggero · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies rimproverorimproveroreproachrimprovero · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of dicevaperchèwhyperché · interrogative adverbmodifies hai fattohaididavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularauxiliary of fattofattodofare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the questionciòthatciò · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of fatto Didn't you know he was a rich man?
Nonnotnon · adverbmodifies sapevisapeviknewsapere · verb, imperfect, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentencechethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of eraegliheegli · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of eraerawasessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to ricconeunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of ricconericconerich manriccone · noun, masculine, singularpredicate complement of eraThere, now — stand still.
EccoThereecco · adverbpresentative particle, forms ecco lì (=there) with lìlìtherelì · adverbcompletes the exclamation ecco lì (=there)stastandstare · verb, imperative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentencefermastillfermo · adjective, feminine, singularpredicate complement of staWhere is the saddlebag?
DoveWheredove · adverbmodifies èèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of bisacciabisacciasaddlebagbisaccia · noun, feminine, singularsubject of èAh, what shall I do, my silver Saint Francis?
AhAhah · interjectiondiscourse markercomehowcome · adverbmodifies faròfaròshall dofare · verb, future, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceioIio · pronoun, singularsubject of faròSanSaintSan · proper nounvocative, addressedFrancescoFrancisFrancesco · proper noundepends on Sanmiomymio · determiner, masculine, singularmodifies San Francescod’ofdi · prepositionpreposition marking argentoargentosilverargento · noun, masculine, singularmodifies San Francesco (d’argento = made of silver)Pascaleddu, golden lamb, don't torment me so....
PascaledduPascaledduPascaleddu · proper nounvocative, addressedAffectionate Sardinian diminutive of Pascale.
agnellolambagnello · noun, masculine, singularin apposition to Pascaleddud’ofdi · prepositionpreposition marking oroorogoldenoro · noun, masculine, singularmodifies agnellononnotnon · adverbmodifies tormentarmitormentarmitorment metormentare mi · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentence (imperative)cosìsocosì · adverbmodifies tormentarmi- 9
"Uncle Pascale?" called the student.
ZioUnclezio · noun, masculine, singularvocative, addressedPascalePascalePascale · proper noundepends on Ziochiamòcalledchiamare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelotheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of studentestudentestudentstudente · noun, masculine, singularsubject of chiamò - 10
The old man, bent over cutting a broom-bush with a small sickle, straightened up with a start, as if waking from a dream, and put his hand over his sunken eyes.
IlTheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of vecchiovecchioold manvecchio · noun, masculine, singularsubject of alzòcurvobentcurvo · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies vecchioatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of tagliaretagliarecuttingtagliare · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on curvoconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking falceunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of falcepiccolasmallpiccolo · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies falcefalcesicklefalce · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of tagliareunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cespugliocespugliobushcespuglio · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of tagliarediofdi · prepositionpreposition marking scopescopebroomscope · noun, feminine, singularmodifies cespuglios’himselfsi · pronounexpletive with alzòalzòstraightened upalzarsi · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencediwithdi · prepositionpreposition marking scattoscattoa startscatto · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of alzòcomeas ifcome · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of svegliandosisvegliandosiwaking upsvegliare si · verb, gerundadverbial clause on alzòdafromda · prepositionpreposition marking sognounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of sognosognodreamsogno · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of svegliandosieande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmiseputmettere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with alzòlatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of manomanohandmano · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of misesuglion thesu il · prepositionpreposition marking occhiocchieyesocchio · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of mise (object of sugli)infossatisunkeninfossato · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies occhi - 11
"Who are you, soul from purgatory?"
Chiwhochi · pronoun, interrogativepredicate complement of seiseiareessere · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceanimasoulanima · noun, feminine, singularin apposition to the subject of seidelfrom thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking purgatoriopurgatoriopurgatorypurgatorio · noun, masculine, singularmodifies anima - 12
"Can't you see me?
Nonnotnon · adverbmodifies vedetemimemi · pronoun, singulardirect object of vedetevedeteseevedere · verb, present, indicative, second-person, pluralmain verb of the sentence No, I'm a soul from hell.
Nonono · interjectiondiscourse markersonoI amessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularcopula linking to animaun’auno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of animaanimasoulanima · noun, feminine, singularpredicate complement of sonodell’from thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking infernoinfernohellinferno · noun, masculine, singularmodifies anima- 13
"Ah, are you Batóre Lixia's son?
Ahahah · interjectiondiscourse markerseiareessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularcopula linking to figlioiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of figliofigliosonfiglio · noun, masculine, singularpredicate complement of seidiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking BatóreBatóreBatóreBatóre · proper nounmodifies figlioLixiaLixiaLixia · proper noundepends on Batóre God bless you, my soul; I can't see anymore, you know — see, to me you look like a cloud.
DioGodDio · proper nounsubject of benedicatiyouti · pronoun, singulardirect object of benedicabenedicablessbenedire · verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceanimasoulanima · noun, feminine, singularvocative in apposition to timiamymio · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on animaioIio · pronoun, singularsubject of vedononnotnon · adverbmodifies vedocithereci · pronoun, expletiveexpletive with vedo"non ci vedo" is idiomatic for "I can't see"; ci adds no separate meaning here.
vedoseevedere · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentencepiùanymorepiù · adverbmodifies vedosaiyou knowsapere · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularparenthetical remarkeccolookecco · adverb, presentativediscourse markertuyoutu · pronoun, singularsubject of sembrimito memi · pronoun, singularindirect object of sembrisembrilooksembrare · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of nuvolanuvolacloudnuvola · noun, feminine, singularcomplement of sembri- 14
"What are you doing, uncle Pascale?"
Chewhatche · pronoun, interrogativedirect object of fatefateare doingfare · verb, present, indicative, second-person, pluralmain verb of the sentenceziounclezio · noun, masculine, singularvocative addressPascalePascalePascale · proper nounmodifies zio - 15
"I'm gathering broom.
RaccolgoI gatherraccogliere · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentencescopebroomscopa · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of Raccolgo You're a doctor, aren't you?" asked the old man, growing ever more deferential.
Tuyoutu · pronoun, singularsubject of seiseiareessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularcopula linking to dottoreunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of dottoredottoredoctordottore · noun, masculine, singularpredicate complement of seiverorightvero · adjective, masculine, singulartag question on the statementchieseaskedchiedere · verb, past historic, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of vecchiovecchioold manvecchio · noun, masculine, singularsubject of chiesesempreeversempre · adverbmodifies piùpiùmorepiù · adverbmodifies rispettosorispettosodeferentialrispettoso · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies vecchio- 16
"Not yet.
Nonnotnon · adverbmodifies ancoraancorayetancora · adverbhead of the phrase What do you do with this broom you're gathering?
Chewhatche · pronoun, interrogativedirect object of fatefatedofare · verb, present, indicative, second-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencevoiyouvoi · pronoun, pluralsubject of fatediwithdi · prepositionpreposition marking scopequestethesequesto · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of scopescopebroomscopa · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of fate- 17
The old man groaned and coughed convulsively, and answered haltingly, humble and almost fearful.
Iltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of vecchìovecchìoold manvecchio · noun, masculine, singularsubject of gemevagemevagroanedgemere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtossivacoughedtossire · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with gemevaconvulsoconvulsivelyconvulso · adjective, masculine, singularpredicate adjective modifying vecchìoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrispondevaansweredrispondere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with gemevaawitha · prepositionpreposition marking stentostentodifficultystento · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of rispondevaumilehumbleumile · adjective, singularpredicate adjective modifying vecchìoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationquasialmostquasi · adverbmodifies paurosopaurosofearfulpauroso · adjective, masculine, singularcoordinated with umile - 18
"I carry it to Nuoro, where I sell it.
Lethemil · pronoun, feminine, pluraldirect object of portoportoI carryportare · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceatoa · prepositionpreposition marking NuoroNuoroNuoroNuoro · proper nounoblique complement of portodovewheredove · adverb, relativemodifies vendolethemil · pronoun, feminine, pluraldirect object of vendovendoI sellvendere · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the relative clause - 19
"Every day?"
Ognieveryogni · determiner, singulardeterminer of giornogiornodaygiorno · noun, masculine, singularhead of the phrase - 20
"Oh, no!
Ohohoh · interjectiondiscourse markernonono · interjectionhead of the phrase When I was strong, yes, when I was twenty years old, thirty years old.
Quandowhenquando · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of eroeroI wasessere · verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the clauseininin · prepositionpreposition marking forzeforzestrengthforza · noun, feminine, pluralpredicate complement of ero"essere in forze" idiomatically means "to be strong/vigorous."
sìyessì · interjectiondiscourse markerquandowhenquando · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of avevoavevowasavere · verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the clause"avere ... anni" is idiomatic for "to be ... years old."
vent’twentyventi · numeralquantifies annianniyearsanno · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of avevotrentathirtytrenta · numeralquantifies annianniyearsanno · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of avevo (elliptical)But now!...
Mabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationoranowora · adverbhead of the phrase- 21
He waved his hand, as if pointing to some remote point in space and time.
Scossewavedscuotere · verb, past historic, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelahisil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of manomanohandmano · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of Scossecomeas ifcome · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of accennandoaccennandopointingaccennare · verb, gerundadverbial clause on Scosseunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of puntopuntopointpunto · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of accennandoremotoremoteremoto · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies puntonelloin thein il · prepositionpreposition marking spaziospaziospacespazio · noun, masculine, singularmodifies puntoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnelin thein il · prepositionpreposition marking tempotempotimetempo · noun, masculine, singularcoordinated with spazio - 22
"How old are you now, uncle Pascà?"
Quantihow manyquanto · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of annianniyearsanno · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of aveteavetehaveavere · verb, present, indicative, second-person, pluralmain verb of the sentence"avere ... anni" is idiomatic for "to be ... years old."
oranowora · adverbmodifies aveteziounclezio · noun, masculine, singularvocative addressPascàPascàPascà · proper nounmodifies zio - 23
"Eighty.... no, sixty-nine.... wait, more....
Ottantaeightyottanta · numeralhead of the phrasenonono · interjectiondiscourse markersessantanovesixty-ninesessantanove · numeralhead of the phraseaspettawaitaspettare · verb, imperative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentencediofdi · prepositionforms the phrase di piùpiùmorepiù · adverbcomplement of di - 24
"Seventy-nine?"
Settantanoveseventy-ninesettantanove · numeralhead of the phrase - 25
"Yes, I'm one short of ninety.
Sìyessì · interjectiondiscourse markermeto meme · pronoun, singularindirect object of mancaneof themne · pronoun, partitivepartitive complement of mancane refers back to the years counted; "me ne manca uno" = "I'm missing one of them."
mancais missingmancare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceunooneuno · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of mancaatoa · prepositionpreposition marking novantanovantaninetynovanta · numeraloblique complement of manca - 26
"Well then — that means you're closer to a hundred than to twenty, isn't that so?
Bastaenoughbastare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencevuolmeansvolere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of dire"vuol dire" is idiomatic for "means."
direto saydire · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentencechethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vicinosieteareessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, pluralcopula linking to vicinovicinonearvicino · adjective, masculine, singularpredicate complement of sietepiùmorepiù · adverbmodifies vicinoaito thea il · prepositionpreposition marking centocentohundredcento · numeraloblique complement of vicinochethanche · conjunction, comparativeintroduces the second term of the comparisonaito thea il · prepositionpreposition marking ventiventitwentyventi · numeraloblique complement of vicinononnotnon · adverbmodifies veroèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to veroverotruevero · adjective, masculine, singularpredicate complement of è Have you always worked as a broom-gatherer?
Avetehaveavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, pluralauxiliary of fattosemprealwayssempre · adverbmodifies fattofattoworkedfare · verb, past participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentencelotheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of scoparoscoparobroom-gathererscoparo · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of fatto- 27
"Yes.
Sìyessì · interjectionhead of the phrase But tell me, is it true that you're employed at the King's Court?
Mabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdimmitell medire · verb, imperative, second-person, singularparenthetical commandèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to veroverotruevero · adjective, masculine, singularhead of the phrasechethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of impiegatotuyoutu · pronoun, singularsubject of passive impiegatoseiareessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularpassive auxiliary of impiegatoimpiegatoemployedimpiegare · verb, past participle, masculine, singularclausal complement of veronellaat thein il · prepositionpreposition marking CorteCorteCourtcorte · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of impiegatodelof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking ReReKingre · noun, masculine, singularmodifies Corte- 28
"Not yet, uncle Pascale!
Nonnotnon · adverbmodifies ancoraancorayetancora · adverbhead of the phraseziounclezio · noun, masculine, singularvocative addressPascalePascalePascale · proper nounmodifies zio Maybe in time.
Forsemaybeforse · adverbhead of the phrasecolincon il · prepositionpreposition marking tempotempotimetempo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complementWho do you live with?
Conwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking chichiwhomchi · pronoun, interrogativeoblique complement of vivetevivetedo you livevivere · verb, present, indicative, second-person, pluralmain verb of the sentenceBut it seems to me you're ill.
Mabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmito memi · pronoun, singularindirect object of parepareseemsparere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencechethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ammalatosiateareessere · auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, second-person, pluralauxiliary of ammalatoammalatoillammalato · adjective, masculine, singularclausal complement of pare- 29
"Ill!
Ammalatoillammalato · adjective, masculine, singularhead of the phrase Ill!
Ammalatoillammalato · adjective, masculine, singularhead of the phraseVery ill, son of my heart!
Moltoverymolto · adverbmodifies ammalatoammalatoillammalato · adjective, masculine, singularhead of the phrasefigliosonfiglio · noun, masculine, singularvocative addressdelof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking cuoremiomymio · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on cuorecuoreheartcuore · noun, masculine, singularmodifies figlioAh, this cough!
Ahahah · interjectionhead of the phrasequestathisquesto · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of tossetossecoughtosse · noun, feminine, singularin apposition to AhIt seems to me that here, inside my chest and throat, there's a saw working continuously.
Mito memi · pronoun, singularindirect object of parepareseemsparere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencechethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of siaquiherequi · adverbmodifies siaentroinsideentro · prepositionpreposition marking pettoiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of pettopettochestpetto · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of siaedande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationininin · prepositionpreposition marking golagolathroatgola · noun, feminine, singularcoordinated with pettocithereci · pronoun, expletiveexpletive with sia"ci sia" is the existential "there is," like "c'è."
siaisessere · verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singularclausal complement of pareunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of segasegasawsega · noun, feminine, singularsubject of siachethatche · pronoun, relativesubject of lavorilavoriworkslavorare · verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singularrelative clause on segacontinuamentecontinuouslycontinuamente · adverbmodifies lavoriI knew your father, you know.
IoIio · pronoun, singularsubject of conoscevoconoscevoknewconoscere · verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentencetuoyourtuo · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on padrepadrefatherpadre · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of conoscevosaiyou knowsapere · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularparenthetical remarkHe was a benefactor…. oh…. this cough….
Erawasessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to benefattoreunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of benefattorebenefattorebenefactorbenefattore · noun, masculine, singularhead of the phraseohohoh · interjectionhead of the phrasequestathisquesto · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of tossetossecoughtosse · noun, feminine, singularhead of the phrase- 30
"But why don't you take something for it, uncle Pascale?" asked Lixia, in whom the old man stirred both pity and disgust.
Mabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationperchèwhyperché · interrogative adverbintroduces the direct questionnonnotnon · adverbmodifies prendeteprendetetakeprendere · verb, present, indicative, second-person, pluralmain verb of the question clausequalchesomequalche · determiner, singulardeterminer of cosacosasomethingcosa · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of prendeteziounclezio · noun, masculine, singularvocative addressing the old manPascalePascalePascale · proper nounmodifies ziochieseaskedchiedere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceLixiaLixiaLixia · proper nounsubject of chiesealtoa il · prepositionpreposition marking qualequalewhomquale · pronoun, singularoblique complement of destavailtheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of vecchiovecchioold manvecchio · noun, masculine, singularsubject of destavadestavastirreddestare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on Lixiapietàpitypietà · noun, femininedirect object of destavaeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdisgustodisgustdisgusto · noun, masculine, singularcoordinated with pietà - 31
"And what would you have me take?
Eande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationcosawhatcosa · pronoun, singulardirect object of prenda, frontedvuoiwantvolere · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentencechethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of prendaprendaI takeprendere · verb, present, subjunctive, first-person, singularclausal complement of vuoi I've tried the medal of Santu Pascale, I've tried boiled mullein, flaxseed poultices…. I've tried everything…. but do you want to hear what it is?
Hohaveavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularauxiliary of provatoprovatotriedprovare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentencelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of medagliamedagliamedalmedaglia · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of provatodiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking SantuSantuSaintsantu · proper nounmodifies medagliaSardinian dialect form of "Santo" (Saint).
PascalePascalePascale · proper noundepends on Santuhohaveavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularauxiliary of provatoprovatotriedprovare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularcoordinated with provatoiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of verbascoverbascomulleinverbasco · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of provatobollitoboiledbollito · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies verbascoglitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of impiastriimpiastripoulticesimpiastro · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of provatodiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking linolinoflaxseedlino · noun, masculine, singularmodifies impiastrituttoeverythingtutto · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of provato, frontedhohaveavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularauxiliary of provatoprovatotriedprovare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentencemabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvuoiwantvolere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularauxiliary of sentiresentirehearsentire · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentencecosawhatcosa · pronoun, singularpredicate of è; the clause is object of sentireèisessere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularverb of the embedded clause, object of sentireIt's death, coming for me....
Èisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to mortelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of mortemortedeathmorte · noun, feminine, singularhead of the phrasechethatche · pronounsubject of vienevienecomesvenire · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on morte- 32
"Who do you live with?" repeated the student journalist, hopping up to sit on the wall.
Conwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking chichiwhochi · pronounhead of the phrasevivetedo you livevivere · verb, present, indicative, second-person, pluralrelative clause on chiripetèrepeatedripetere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelotheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of studentestudentestudentstudente · noun, masculine, singularsubject of ripetègiornalistajournalistgiornalista · noun, singularcompound with studentesaltandohoppingsaltare · verb, gerundadverbial clause on ripetèatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of sederesederesitsedere · verb, infinitivecomplement of saltandosulon thesu il · prepositionpreposition marking muromurowallmuro · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of sedere - 33
The old broom-gatherer was beginning to interest him: it seemed to him he was interviewing, in this man, the most authoritative representative of an unknown race.
Iltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of scoparovecchiooldvecchio · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies scoparoscoparobroom-gathererscoparo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of cominciavacominciavawas beginningcominciare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceadtoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of interessarlointeressarlointerest himinteressare lo · verb, infinitivecomplement of cominciavaglito himgli · pronoun, masculine, singularindirect object of parevaparevaseemedparere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenced’todi · prepositionintroduces the clause of intervistareintervistarebe interviewingintervistare · verb, infinitivecomplement of parevaininin · prepositionpreposition marking luiluihimlui · pronoun, masculine, singularoblique complement of intervistareiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of rappresentantepiùmostpiù · adverbmodifies autorevoleautorevoleauthoritativeautorevole · adjective, singularmodifies rappresentanterappresentanterepresentativerappresentante · noun, singulardirect object of intervistared’ofdi · prepositionpreposition marking razzaunaanuno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of razzarazzaracerazza · noun, feminine, singularmodifies rappresentantesconosciutaunknownsconosciuto · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies razza And yet how many times, before leaving for his studies, and during vacations, had he not seen the old broom-gatherer and a hundred and a thousand other specimens of that same race to which he himself belonged?
Eppureand yeteppure · adverbmodifies voltequantehow manyquanto · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of voltevoltetimesvolta · noun, feminine, pluralhead of the phraseprimabeforeprima · adverbintroduces the clause of partirediofdi · prepositionpart of the phrase primapartireleavingpartire · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on volteperforper · prepositionpreposition marking studîglitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of studîstudîstudiesstudio · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of partire"studî" is an older plural spelling of "studi" (studio → studî/studi).
eande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationduranteduringdurante · prepositionpreposition marking vacanzeletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of vacanzevacanzevacationsvacanza · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of vedutononnotnon · adverbmodifies vedutoavevahadavere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of vedutoegliheegli · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of vedutovedutoseenvedere · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of scoparovecchiooldvecchio · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies scoparoscoparobroom-gathererscoparo · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of veduto, coordinated with campionieande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationcentoa hundredcento · numeralquantifies campionieande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmillea thousandmille · numeralquantifies campionialtriotheraltro · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies campionicampionispecimenscampione · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of vedutodiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking razzaquellathatquello · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of razzarazzaracerazza · noun, feminine, singularmodifies campioniallato thea il · prepositionpreposition marking qualequalewhichquale · pronoun, singularoblique complement of appartenevaegliheegli · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of appartenevastessohimselfstesso · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies egliappartenevabelongedappartenere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on razza- 34
"For how many years have you been a broom-gatherer?"
Daforda · prepositionpreposition marking anniquantihow manyquanto · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of annianniyearsanno · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of fatefatehave you beenfare · verb, present, indicative, second-person, pluralmain verb of the sentence"fare lo scoparo" (lit. "to do the broom-gatherer") is an idiom for working as a broom-gatherer.
lotheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of scoparoscoparobroom-gathererscoparo · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of fate - 35
"For many, many years, I've told you!" answered the old man, repeating that vague gesture pointing to some infinite distance.
Daforda · prepositionpreposition marking annimoltimanymolto · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of anni, coordinated with next moltimoltimanymolto · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of annianniyearsanno · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of dettotiyouti · pronoun, singularindirect object of dettohohaveavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularauxiliary of dettodettotolddire · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentencerisposeansweredrispondere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of vecchiovecchioold manvecchio · noun, masculine, singularsubject of risposeripetendorepeatingripetere · verb, gerundadverbial clause on risposequelthatquello · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of gestogestogesturegesto · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of ripetendovagovaguevago · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies gestochethatche · pronounsubject of accennavaaccennavapointed toaccennare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on gestounasomeuno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of lontananzalontananzadistancelontananza · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of accennavainfinitainfiniteinfinito · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies lontananza I was ten years old the first time I went to Nuoro to sell broom: my father too was a broom-gatherer; my son a broom-gatherer too.
Avevowasavere · verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentencediecitendieci · numeralquantifies annianniyears oldanno · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of Avevolatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of voltaprimafirstprimo · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies voltavoltatimevolta · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of Avevochethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of andaiandaiI wentandare · verb, past, indicative, first-person, singularclause modifying voltaatoa · prepositionpreposition marking NuoroNuoroNuoroNuoro · proper nounoblique complement of andaiatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of venderevenderesellvendere · verb, infinitivecomplement of andailetheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of scopescopebroomscopa · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of vendereanchealsoanche · adverbmodifies padremiomymio · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on padrepadrefatherpadre · noun, masculine, singularsubject of eraerawasessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to scoparoscoparobroom-gathererscoparo · noun, masculine, singularpredicate complement of eraanchealsoanche · adverbmodifies miomiomymio · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on figliofigliosonfiglio · noun, masculine, singularhead of the phrasescoparobroom-gathererscoparo · noun, masculine, singularpredicate complement (era elided)He once, tired of walking and always walking on foot, threw a rope around a horse grazing in an enclosed pasture, and mounted it.
Egliheegli · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of gittòunaoneuno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of voltavoltatimevolta · noun, feminine, singularadverbial modifier of gittòstancotiredstanco · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies Eglidiofdi · prepositionintroduces the clause of camminarecamminarewalkingcamminare · verb, infinitivecomplement of stancoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationcamminarewalkingcamminare · verb, infinitivecoordinated with camminaresemprealwayssempre · adverbmodifies camminareaona · prepositionpreposition marking piedipiedifootpiede · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of camminaregittòthrewgettare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentence"gittò" is a literary/archaic variant of "gettò" (gettare, to throw).
iltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of lacciolaccioropelaccio · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of gittòadontoa · prepositionpreposition marking cavallounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cavallocavallohorsecavallo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of gittòchethatche · pronounsubject of pascolavapascolavawas grazingpascolare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on cavalloininin · prepositionpreposition marking tancaunaanuno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of tancatancaenclosed pasturetanca · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of pascolava"tanca" is Sardinian for a fenced or enclosed pasture.
eande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvionto itvi · pronounlocative complement of montò, refers to cavallomontòmountedmontare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with gittòsuupsu · adverbmodifies montòWell, two carabinieri who were out searching for a bandit came upon him.
Ebbenewellebbene · interjectionhead of the phraselohimlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of incontraronoincontraronocame uponincontrare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentenceduetwodue · numeralquantifies carabiniericarabiniericarabiniericarabiniere · noun, masculine, pluralsubject of incontraronochewhoche · pronounsubject of andavanoandavanowere goingandare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluralrelative clause on carabinieriininin · prepositionpreposition marking cercacercasearchcerca · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of andavanodiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking banditounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of banditobanditobanditbandito · noun, masculine, singularmodifies cerca"Did you steal this horse?" they said to him.
Tuyoutu · pronoun, singularsubject of rubatohaihaveavere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularauxiliary of rubatorubatostolenrubare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentencequestothisquesto · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cavallocavallohorsecavallo · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of rubatoglito himgli · pronoun, masculine, singularindirect object of disserodisserosaiddire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentenceHe protested.
Egliheegli · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of protestòprotestòprotestedprotestare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceBut the two carabinieri, who were perhaps afraid of running into the bandit, seized my son, tied him up, and carried him off to prison.
MaButma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of carabinieriduetwodue · numeralquantifies carabiniericarabiniericarabiniericarabiniere · noun, masculine, pluralsubject of preserochewhoche · pronounsubject of avevanoforseperhapsforse · adverbmodifies avevanoavevanohadavere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluralverb of the relative clause modifying carabinieripaurafearpaura · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of avevanodiofdi · prepositionintroduces the clause of incontrareincontrarerunning intoincontrare · verb, infinitiveclause modifying paurailtheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of banditobanditobanditbandito · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of incontrarepreseroseizedprendere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentence, coordinated with legarono and portaronomiomymio · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on figliofigliosonfiglio · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of preserolohimlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of legaronolegaronotiedlegare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, pluralcoordinated with presero and portaronolohimlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of portaronoportaronocarriedportare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, pluralcoordinated with presero and legaronointoin · prepositionpreposition marking carcerecarcereprisoncarcere · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of portarono- 36
"You're quite the sly one, uncle Pascale!" observed Lixia.
SieteYou'reessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, pluralcopula linking to maliziosopurquitepure · adverbmodifies maliziosomaliziososlymalizioso · adjective, masculine, singularpredicate complement of Sieteziounclezio · noun, masculine, singularvocative, head of the phrasePascalePascalePascale · proper nounin apposition to zioosservòobservedosservare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceLixiaLixiaLixia · proper nounsubject of osservò - 37
But the old man was coughing, his eyes bulging from their sockets and his beard wet with threads of bloody spittle, and he did not hear the student's remark.
MaButma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of vecchiovecchioold manvecchio · noun, masculine, singularsubject of tossivatossivawas coughingtossire · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking occhiglitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of occhiocchieyesocchio · noun, masculine, pluralobject of con, describes vecchiofuorioutfuori · adverbpreposition marking orbitedelleof thedi il · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of orbiteorbitesocketsorbita · noun, feminine, pluralobject of fuori, complement of occhieande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of barbabarbabeardbarba · noun, feminine, singularcoordinated with occhibagnatawetbagnare · verb, past, participle, feminine, singularmodifies barbadawithda · prepositionpreposition marking filifilithreadsfilo · noun, masculine, pluralagent of bagnatadiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking bavabavaspittlebava · noun, feminine, singularobject of di, complement of filisanguignabloodysanguigno · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies bavaeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnonnotnon · adverbmodifies udìudìheardudire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with tossival’theil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of osservazioneosservazioneremarkosservazione · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of udìdelloof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking studentestudentestudent'sstudente · noun, masculine, singularmodifies osservazione When the coughing passed, he took up speaking again, still standing beneath the wall, upright, sickle in hand, like the image of Death.
QuandoWhenquando · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of passòlatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of tossetossecoughingtosse · noun, feminine, singularsubject of passòpassòpassedpassare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularadverbial clause on ripreseegliheegli · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of ripreseripresetook up againriprendere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of parlareparlarespeakingparlare · verb, infinitivecomplement of ripresesemprestillsempre · adverbmodifies fermofermomotionlessfermo · adjective, masculine, singulardescribes egli, coordinated with rittosottobeneathsotto · prepositionpreposition marking muroiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of muromurowallmuro · noun, masculine, singularobject of sotto, complement of fermorittouprightritto · adjective, masculine, singularcoordinated with fermo, describes egliconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking falciuolalatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of falciuolafalciuolasicklefalciuola · noun, feminine, singularobject of con, describes egliininin · prepositionpreposition marking manomanohandmano · noun, feminine, singularobject of in, forms phrase with falciuolacomelikecome · prepositionpreposition marking immaginel’theil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of immagineimmagineimageimmagine · noun, feminine, singularobject of come, describes eglidellaofdi il · prepositionpreposition marking MorteMorteDeathmorte · noun, feminine, singularmodifies immagine- 38
"My silver Saint Francis, what a devilish cough!
SanSaintSan · proper nountitle modifying FrancescoFrancescoFrancisFrancesco · proper nounhead of the phrasemiomymio · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on Francescod’ofdi · prepositionpreposition marking argentoargentosilverargento · noun, masculine, singularmodifies Francescochewhat ache · determinerdeterminer of tossetossecoughtosse · noun, feminine, singularhead of the exclamative phraseindiavolatadevilishindiavolato · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies tosse Yes, my son died in prison, just as he was about to finish his sentence.
SìYessì · interjectiondiscourse markermiomymio · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on figliofigliosonfiglio · noun, masculine, singularsubject of morìmorìdiedmorire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceininin · prepositionpreposition marking carcerecarcereprisoncarcere · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of morìquandoasquando · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stavastavawasstare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularadverbial clause on morìperabout toper · prepositionintroduces the clause of finirefinirefinishfinire · verb, infinitivecomplement of stava perlatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of condannasuahissuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on condannacondannasentencecondanna · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of finireWell; he left me two children.
BastaWellbastare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singulardiscourse marker, interjectionmimemi · pronoun, singularindirect object of lasciòlasciòleftlasciare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceduetwodue · numeralquantifies ragazziragazzichildrenragazzo · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of lasciò- 39
"Why, was he married?"
PerchèWhyperché · adverbmodifies ammogliatoerawasessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of ammogliatoammogliatomarriedammogliare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentence - 40
"He was a widower.
Erawasessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to vedovovedovowidowervedovo · adjective, masculine, singularhead of the phrase Well then, two children; a boy and a girl.
EbbeneWell thenebbene · interjectionhead of the phraseduetwodue · numeralquantifies ragazziragazzichildrenragazzo · noun, masculine, pluralfollows Ebbene as the main clauseunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of maschiomaschioboymaschio · noun, masculine, singularhead of the phraseedande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of femminafemminagirlfemmina · noun, feminine, singularcoordinated with maschioThe boy went off with a traveling tinker and I never saw him again.
IlTheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of ragazzoragazzoboyragazzo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of andòandòwentandare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceviaoffvia · adverbmodifies andòconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking magnanounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of magnanomagnanotinkermagnano · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of andògirovagotravelinggirovago · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies magnanoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnonnotnon · adverbmodifies vidilohimlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of vidividisawvedere · verb, past, indicative, first-person, singularcoordinated with andòmainevermai · adverbcombines with non to negate vidipiùagainpiù · adverbmodifies mai (mai più = never again)The girl, Maria Annicca, went into service in the mayor's household.
LaTheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of ragazzaragazzagirlragazza · noun, feminine, singularsubject of andòMariaMariaMaria · proper nounin apposition to ragazzaAnniccaAnniccaAnnicca · proper noundepends on Mariaandòwentandare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of servireservireserveservire · verb, infinitivecomplement of andòininin · prepositionpreposition marking casacasahouseholdcasa · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of serviredelof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking sindacosindacomayorsindaco · noun, masculine, singularmodifies casaYou know him, Marcu Virdis…. eh, you know him?
TuYoutu · pronoun, singularsubject of conoscilohimlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of conosciconosciknowconoscere · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceMarcuMarcuMarcu · proper nounvocative addressVirdisVirdisVirdis · proper noundepends on Marcueheheh · interjectiondiscourse markerlohimlo · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of conosciconosciknowconoscere · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceThat rich man.
QuelThatquello · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of ricconericconerich manriccone · noun, masculine, singularhead of the phrase- 41
"Eh, devil take it, he's my uncle!
EhEheh · interjectiondiscourse markerdiavolodevil take itdiavolo · noun, masculine, singularinterjection, discourse markerèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to ziomiomymio · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on zioziounclezio · noun, masculine, singularhead of the phrase Well?"
EbbeneWellebbene · interjectionhead of the phrase- 42
"Well, patience.
EbbeneWellebbene · interjectionhead of the phrasepazienzapatiencepazienza · noun, feminine, singularcoordinated with Ebbene The girl was a silver palm-tree; she was the light of my eyes.
LaTheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of ragazzaragazzagirlragazza · noun, feminine, singularsubject of palmaerawasessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to palmaunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of palmapalmapalm-treepalma · noun, feminine, singularhead of the phrased’ofdi · prepositionpreposition marking argentoargentosilverargento · noun, masculine, singularmodifies palmaerawasessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to lucelatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of lucelucelightluce · noun, feminine, singularhead of the phrasedegliof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking occhiocchieyesocchio · noun, masculine, pluralmodifies lucemieimymio · determiner, masculine, pluraldepends on occhiBut she was very careless.
MaButma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfuwasessere · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to leggeramoltoverymolto · adverbmodifies leggeraleggeracarelessleggero · adjective, feminine, singularhead of the phraseShe had a child by her master.
Ebbehadavere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of figliofigliochildfiglio · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of Ebbedalby theda il · prepositionpreposition marking padronepadronemasterpadrone · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of EbbeBut didn't she know that Marcu Virdis was a rich man?
MaButma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnonnotnon · adverbmodifies sapevasapevaknowsapere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceellasheella · pronoun, feminine, singularsubject of sapevachethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ricconeMarcuMarcuMarcu · proper nounsubject of ricconeVirdisVirdisVirdis · proper noundepends on Marcuerawasessere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to ricconeunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of ricconericconerich manriccone · noun, masculine, singularpredicate complement of eraThat he couldn't marry her?
CheThatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of potevanonnotnon · adverbmodifies potevapotevacouldpotere · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of sposarlasposarlamarry hersposare · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceInfinitive sposare with the attached clitic pronoun -la, "her".
My silver Saint Francis, patience!
SanSaintSan · proper nountitle modifying FrancescoFrancescoFrancisFrancesco · proper nounhead of the phrasemiomymio · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on Francescod’ofdi · prepositionpreposition marking argentoargentosilverargento · noun, masculine, singularmodifies Francescopazienzapatiencepazienza · noun, feminine, singularcoordinated with FrancescoThe Lord will have forgiven her, as I forgave her.
IlTheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of SignoreSignoreLordsignore · noun, masculine, singularsubject of perdonatoleherle · pronoun, feminineindirect object of perdonatoavràwill haveavere · auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of perdonatoperdonatoforgivenperdonare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentencecomeascome · prepositionintroduces the clause of perdonaileherle · pronoun, feminine, singularindirect object of perdonaiperdonaiforgaveperdonare · verb, past, indicative, first-person, singularadverbial clause on perdonatoioIio · pronoun, singularsubject of perdonai- 43
"Where is she now?
DoveWheredove · adverbmodifies trovasiherselfsi · pronounexpletive with trovatrovaistrovare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceoranowora · adverbmodifies trova Ah, it seems to me I've already heard this story!
AhAhah · interjectiondiscourse markermito memi · pronoun, first-person, singularindirect object of sembrasembraseemssembrare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenced’thatdi · prepositionintroduces the infinitive clause of aver sentitoaverhaveavere · auxiliary verb, infinitiveauxiliary of sentitogiàalreadygià · adverbmodifies sentitosentitoheardsentire · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularclausal complement of sembraquestathisquesto · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of storiastoriastorystoria · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of sentitoShe's dead, isn't she?
EllaSheella · pronoun, feminine, singularsubject of mortaèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of mortamortadeadmorire · verb, past, participle, feminine, singularmain verb of the sentencenonnotnon · adverbmodifies veroèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to veroverotruevero · adjective, masculine, singularpredicate adjective of è in the tag question- 44
"She's dead.
Èisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of mortamortadeadmorire · verb, past, participle, feminine, singularmain verb of the sentence - 45
"And the child?"
EAnde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of figliofigliochildfiglio · noun, masculine, singularhead of the phrase - 46
"He's with me; but he's so unruly!
Staisstare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking memememe · pronoun, singularoblique complement of Stamabutma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to cattivotantosotanto · adverbmodifies cattivocattivounrulycattivo · adjective, masculine, singularhead of the phrase A little devil!
UnAuno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of diavolettodiavolettolittle devildiavoletto · noun, masculine, singularhead of the phraseHe won't work, he doesn't help me, nothing!
Nonnotnon · adverbmodifies vuolvuolwantsvolere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of lavorarelavorareworklavorare · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentencenonnotnon · adverbmodifies aiutamimemi · pronoun, first-person, singularindirect object of aiutaaiutahelpsaiutare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with lavorarenientenothingniente · pronoun, masculine, singularelliptical exclamation, coordinated with aiutaWell, patience.
EbbeneWellebbene · adverbhead of the phrasepazienzapatiencepazienza · noun, feminine, singularcoordinated with EbbeneMy greatest torment is thinking about what will become of this creature.
IlTheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of tormentomiomymio · determiner, masculine, singularmodifies tormentopiùmostpiù · adverbmodifies grandegrandegreatgrande · adjective, singularmodifies tormentotormentotormenttormento · noun, masculine, singularsubject of èèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to pensareiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of pensarepensarethinkingpensare · verb, infinitive, used as a nounpredicate complement of è"il pensare" is a substantivized infinitive functioning as a noun ("the thinking").
aabouta · prepositionpreposition marking ciòciòthatciò · pronoun, masculine, singularoblique complement of pensare, antecedent of chechewhichche · pronounpredicate complement of diverrà, referring to ciòdiverràwill becomedivenire · verb, future, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on ciòquestathisquesto · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of creaturacreaturacreaturecreatura · noun, feminine, singularsubject of diverràWhat will become of him, without relatives, poor and alone?
CheWhatche · pronounsubject of avverràavverràwill becomeavvenire · verb, future, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencediofdi · prepositionpreposition marking luiluihimlui · pronoun, masculine, singularoblique complement of avverràsenzawithoutsenza · prepositionpreposition marking parentiparentirelativesparente · noun, pluraloblique complement of avverràpoveropoorpovero · adjective, masculine, singularpredicate adjective describing lui, coordinated with soloeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsoloalonesolo · adjective, masculine, singularcoordinated with povero- 47
"Uncle Pascale," said Lixia, as if inspired, "don't give it a thought!
ZioUnclezio · noun, masculine, singulartitle, vocative address (with Pascale)PascalePascalePascale · proper nounappositive to Zio, vocative addressdissesaiddire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the reporting clauseLixiaLixiaLixia · proper nounsubject of dissecomeas ifcome · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of inspiratoinspiratoinspiredispirare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularadverbial clause modifying dissenonnotnon · adverbmodifies datevidatevigive yourselvesdarsi · verb, present, imperative, second-person, pluralmain verb of the sentence"non datevi pensiero" is the idiom "don't worry / don't give it a thought".
pensieroa thoughtpensiero · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of datevi The world is moving forward.
IlTheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of mondomondoworldmondo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of camminacamminais movingcamminare · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceAcross the sea, on the mainland, men want to become all equal; in twenty or thirty years, maybe sooner, there will no longer be rich or poor; that is, all men will work and all will have enough to live comfortably.
AlAcrossa il · prepositionpart of the idiom al di là di (beyond)"al di là di" is an idiom meaning "beyond/across".
diofdi · prepositionpart of the idiom al di là dilàtherelà · adverbpart of the idiom al di là di, modifies maredelof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking maremareseamare · noun, masculine, singularobject of the preposition (al) di là delinonin · prepositionpreposition marking ContinenteContinentemainlandContinente · proper nounlocative complement, parallel to al di là del mareglitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of uominiuominimenuomo · noun, masculine, pluralsubject of diventarevoglionowantvolere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, pluralauxiliary of diventarediventareto becomediventare · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentencetuttialltutto · pronoun, masculine, pluralfloating quantifier modifying uomini, modifies egualiegualiequaleguale · adjective, pluralcomplement of diventarefrainfra · prepositionpreposition marking anniventitwentyventi · numeralquantifies anniooro · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtrentathirtytrenta · numeralcoordinated with ventianniyearsanno · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of sarannoforsemaybeforse · adverbmodifies primaprimasoonerprima · adverbmodifies sarannononnotnon · adverbmodifies sarannocithereci · pronounexpletive with sarannosarannowill beessere · verb, future, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencepiùany longerpiù · adverbmodifies sarannonèneithernè · conjunctionlinks the coordinationricchirichricco · adjective, masculine, pluralpredicate complement of saranno, coordinated with poverinènornè · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpoveripoorpovero · adjective, masculine, pluralcoordinated with ricchicioèthat iscioè · conjunctionintroduces the following clausetuttialltutto · determiner, masculine, pluraldepends on uominiglitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of uominiuominimenuomo · noun, masculine, pluralsubject of lavorerannolavorerannowill worklavorare · verb, future, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentenceeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtuttialltutto · pronoun, masculine, pluralsubject of avrannoavrannowill haveavere · verb, future, indicative, third-person, pluralcoordinated with lavorerannodatoda · prepositionintroduces the clause of vivereviverelivevivere · verb, infinitivecomplement of avrannocomodamentecomfortablycomodamente · adverbmodifies vivereEven here, in Sardinia, this law will arrive.
AncheEvenanche · adverbmodifies quiquiherequi · adverbmodifies arriveràininin · prepositionpreposition marking SardegnaSardegnaSardiniaSardegna · proper nounoblique complement of arriveràarriveràwill arrivearrivare · verb, future, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencequestathisquesto · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of leggeleggelawlegge · noun, feminine, singularsubject of arriveràDon't worry about your grandson; when he is old he won't drag himself along like you, over the untilled moors, at risk of dying in that wilderness and being devoured by crows.
Nonnotnon · adverbmodifies datevidatevigive yourselvesdarsi · verb, present, imperative, second-person, pluralmain verb of the sentence"non datevi pensiero" is the idiom "don't worry / don't give it a thought".
pensieroa thoughtpensiero · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of dateviperaboutper · prepositionpreposition marking nipotevostroyourvostro · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on nipotenipotegrandsonnipote · noun, singularoblique complement of dateviquandowhenquando · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vecchioegliheegli · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of vecchiosaràwill beessere · auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to vecchiovecchiooldvecchio · adjective, masculine, singularpredicate adjective of sarànonnotnon · adverbmodifies trascineràsihimselfsi · pronounreflexive object of trascineràtrascineràwill dragtrascinare · verb, future, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencecomelikecome · prepositionpreposition marking voivoiyouvoi · pronoun, pluraloblique complement of trascineràperoverper · prepositionpreposition marking landeletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of landelandemoorslanda · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of trascineràincolteuntilledincolto · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies landeaata · prepositionpreposition marking rischiorischioriskrischio · noun, masculine, singularadverbial complement of trascineràdiofdi · prepositionintroduces the clause of moriremoriredyingmorire · verb, infinitivecomplement of rischionelin thein il · prepositionpreposition marking desertodesertowildernessdeserto · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of morireeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdiofdi · prepositionintroduces the clause of divoratoesserbeingessere · auxiliary verb, infinitivepassive auxiliary of divoratodivoratodevoureddivorare · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularcoordinated with moriredaiby theda il · prepositionpreposition marking corvicorvicrowscorvo · noun, masculine, pluralagent of divorato- 48
The old man listened; he shook his head sadly and groaned, suppressing a new burst of coughing that heaved his chest.
IlTheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of vecchiovecchioold manvecchio · noun, masculine, singularsubject of ascoltavaascoltavalistenedascoltare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencescuotevashookscuotere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the coordinated clausetristamentesadlytristamente · adverbmodifies scuotevalatheil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of testatestaheadtesta · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of scuotevaeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgemevagroanedgemere · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with scuotevareprimendosuppressingreprimere · verb, gerundadverbial clause on gemevaunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of scoppionuovonewnuovo · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies scoppioscoppioburstscoppio · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of reprimendodiofdi · prepositionpreposition marking tossetossecoughingtosse · noun, feminine, singularmodifies scoppiochethatche · pronounsubject of sollevavaglihisgli · pronoun, masculine, singularindirect object of sollevava (dative of possession)sollevavaheavedsollevare · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause on tosseiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of pettopettochestpetto · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of sollevava - 49
"Have patience," Lixia went on, warming to his part as an apostle.
AbbiateHaveavere · verb, present, imperative, second-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencepazienzapatiencepazienza · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of Abbiateproseguìwent onproseguire · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the reporting clauseLixiaLixiaLixia · proper nounsubject of proseguìinfervorandosiwarminginfervorarsi · verb, gerundadverbial clause on proseguìnellatoin il · prepositionpreposition marking partesuahissuo · determiner, feminine, singulardepends on partepartepartparte · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of infervorandosidiasdi · prepositionpreposition marking apostoloapostoloapostleapostolo · noun, masculine, singularmodifies parte "The times will change.
ITheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of tempitempitimestempo · noun, masculine, pluralsubject of cambierannocambierannowill changecambiare · verb, future, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentenceIn the whole world, and so in Sardinia too, there will no longer be any poor, there will no longer be wrongdoers, envious men, scoundrels like my relative Virdis, carabinieri, or children who let poor old wretches die in despair.
InInin · prepositionpreposition marking mondotuttothe wholetutto · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on mondoiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of mondomondoworldmondo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of sarannoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationquindisoquindi · adverbmodifies anche in Sardegnaanchealsoanche · adverbmodifies Sardegnaininin · prepositionpreposition marking SardegnaSardegnaSardiniaSardegna · proper nouncoordinated with mondononnotnon · adverbmodifies sarannocithereci · pronounexpletive with sarannosarannowill beessere · verb, future, indicative, third-person, pluralexistential main verb (ci saranno = there will be), poveri is its notional subject, not a copula predicatepiùmorepiù · adverbmodifies poveri (with non: no longer)poveripoorpovero · noun, masculine, pluralsubject of sarannononnotnon · adverbmodifies sarannocithereci · pronounexpletive with sarannosarannowill beessere · verb, future, indicative, third-person, pluralexistential verb of the second coordinated clause (parallel to the first saranno, w12), not coordinated with itselfpiùmorepiù · adverbmodifies malfattori (with non: no longer)malfattoriwrongdoersmalfattore · noun, masculine, pluralsubject of sarannopiùmorepiù · adverbmodifies invidiosi (with non: no longer)invidiosienvious meninvidioso · noun, masculine, pluralcoordinated with malfattoripiùmorepiù · adverbmodifies farabutti (with non: no longer)farabuttiscoundrelsfarabutto · noun, masculine, pluralcoordinated with malfattoricomelikecome · prepositionpreposition marking parenteiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of parentemiomymio · determiner, masculine, singulardepends on parenteparenterelativeparente · noun, singularcomplement of comeVirdisVirdisVirdis · proper nounmodifies parentepiùmorepiù · adverbmodifies carabinieri (with non: no longer)carabiniericarabiniericarabiniere · noun, masculine, pluralcoordinated with malfattoripiùmorepiù · adverbmodifies bambini (with non: no longer)bambinichildrenbambino · noun, masculine, pluralcoordinated with malfattorichewhoche · pronounsubject of farannofarannowill makefare · verb, future, indicative, third-person, pluralcausative verb governing morirCausative fare + infinitive ('faranno morire') = 'will cause to die/will let die'.
morirdiemorire · verb, infinitiveinfinitive complement of farannoApocopated (truncated) form of morire, common before a following word in literary Italian.
disperatiin despairdisperato · adjective, masculine, pluralpredicate complement modifying vecchiitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of vecchivecchiold onesvecchio · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of faranno (causee; notional subject of morir, which is intransitive)infeliciwretchedinfelice · adjective, pluralmodifies vecchiHere where the broom grows, in these desolate fields, well, you'll see, right here, exactly here, vineyards, gardens, and enclosed fields will be seen turning green....
QuiHerequi · adverbmodifies vedrannodovewheredove · adverbmodifies cresconocresconogrowscrescere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, pluralverb of the relative clause modifying Quiletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of scopescopebroomscopa · noun, feminine, pluralsubject of cresconoScopa here is the broom plant (Sardinian scrub), not the household tool.
ininin · prepositionpreposition marking campiquestithesequesto · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of campicampifieldscampo · noun, masculine, plurallocative complement of cresconodesolatidesolatedesolato · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies campiebbenewellebbene · interjectiondiscourse marker in the main clausevedeteyou seevedere · verb, present, indicative, second-person, pluralparenthetical verb addressing the readerquiherequi · adverbmodifies vedeteproprioexactlyproprio · adverbmodifies quiquiherequi · adverbmodifies vedetesi(will be seen)si · pronounpassive marker with vedrannovedrannowill seevedere · verb, future, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentenceverdeggiareturning greenverdeggiare · verb, infinitivecomplement of vedrannoletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of vignevignevineyardsvigna · noun, feminine, pluralsubject of verdeggiareglitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of ortiortigardensorto · noun, masculine, pluralcoordinated with vigneitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of chiusichiusienclosed fieldschiuso · noun, masculine, pluralcoordinated with vigne- 50
"Well, patience," interrupted the old broom-gatherer, "that means the vineyards and gardens and enclosed fields will belong to the rich: the poor will never have anything, not even the broom will they have, then!
EbbeneWellebbene · interjectiondiscourse marker beginning the quoted speechpazienzapatiencepazienza · noun, feminine, singularexclamation within the quoted speechinterruppeinterruptedinterrompere · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of scoparovecchiooldvecchio · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies scoparoscoparobroom-gathererscoparo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of interruppevuolmeansvolere · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the quoted clause (vuol dire = means)diresaydire · verb, infinitiveinfinitive complement of vuolchethatche · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sarannoletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of vignevignevineyardsvigna · noun, feminine, pluralsubject of sarannoeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationglitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of ortiortigardensorto · noun, masculine, pluralcoordinated with vigneeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of chiusichiusienclosed fieldschiuso · noun, masculine, pluralcoordinated with vignesarannowill beessere · verb, future, indicative, third-person, pluralcopula linking to ricconideiof thedi · determiner, masculine, pluralpreposition marking ricconi; essere di = to belong to, so saranno dei ricconi = will belong to the richricconirichriccone · noun, masculine, pluralpredicate complement of sarannoitheil · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of poveripoveripoorpovero · noun, masculine, pluralsubject of avrannononnotnon · adverbmodifies avrannoavrannowill haveavere · verb, future, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencemainevermai · adverbmodifies avrannonientenothingniente · pronoun, masculine, singulardirect object of avrannoneppurenot evenneppure · adverbmodifies scope (focus particle on the noun phrase: not even the broom)letheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of scopescopebroomscopa · noun, feminine, pluralsubject of avrannoavrannowill haveavere · verb, future, indicative, third-person, pluralsecond avranno, coordinated with the first avranno (w24), not with itselfallorathenallora · adverbmodifies avranno My silver Saint Francis....
SanSaintSan · proper nounhead of the phraseFrancescoFrancisFrancesco · proper noundepends on Sanmiomymio · determiner, masculine, singularmodifies Sand’ofdi · prepositionpreposition marking argentoargentosilverargento · noun, masculine, singularmodifies San- 51
And he began coughing again.
EAnde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationricominciòbegan againricominciare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of tossiretossirecoughingtossire · verb, infinitivecomplement of ricominciò - 52
From atop the reddish wall the student spread his arms and looked at the sky in despair.
Dall’from theda il · prepositionpreposition marking altoaltotopalto · noun, masculine, singularlocative complement of allargòdelof thedi il · prepositionpreposition marking muromurowallmuro · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of altorossiccioreddishrossiccio · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies murolotheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of studentestudentestudentstudente · noun, masculine, singularsubject of allargòallargòspreadallargare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceletheil · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of bracciabracciaarmsbraccio · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of allargòeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationguardòlooked atguardare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with allargòiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cielocieloskycielo · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of guardòdisperatamentein despairdisperatamente · adverbmodifies guardò - 53
"They can't even understand, they aren't even human creatures!" he declaimed.
EssiTheyesso · pronoun, masculine, pluralsubject of possonononnotnon · adverbmodifies possonopossonocanpotere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, pluralauxiliary of capireneppureevenneppure · adverbmodifies capirecapireunderstandcapire · verb, infinitiveinfinitive complement of possonoessitheyesso · pronoun, masculine, pluralsubject of sonononnotnon · adverbmodifies sonosonoareessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, pluralcopula linking to creatureneppureevenneppure · adverbmodifies creaturecreaturecreaturescreatura · noun, feminine, pluralpredicate complement of sonoumanehumanumano · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies creaturedeclamòdeclaimeddeclamare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentence - 54
"Will you give me something?" the broom-gatherer finally asked.
Mimemi · pronoun, singularindirect object of dàidàigivedare · verb, present, indicative, second-person, singularmain verb of the sentencequalchesomequalche · determiner, singulardeterminer of cosacosasomethingcosa · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of dàidomandòaskeddomandare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceinfinefinallyinfine · adverbmodifies domandòlotheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of scoparoscoparobroom-gathererscoparo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of domandò - 55
But Lixia, faithful to his principles, refused him the alms, and to get his own back the old man thought:
MaButma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationLixiaLixiaLixia · proper nounsubject of negòfedelefaithfulfedele · adjective, singularmodifies Lixiaaitoa il · prepositionpreposition marking principîsuoihissuo · determiner, masculine, pluraldepends on principîprincipîprinciplesprincipio · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of fedelePrincipî is an older plural spelling of principio (modern standard: principi).
glihimgli · pronoun, masculine, singularindirect object of negònegòrefusednegare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencel’theil · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of elemosinaelemosinaalmselemosina · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of negòeande · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpertoper · prepositionintroduces the clause of vendicarsivendicarsiget his revengevendicarsi · verb, infinitivepurpose clause modifying pensòiltheil · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of vecchiovecchioold manvecchio · noun, masculine, singularsubject of pensòpensòthoughtpensare · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentence - 56
"That boy is mad."
QuelThatquello · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of ragazzoragazzoboyragazzo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of èèisessere · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to mattomattomadmatto · adjective, masculine, singularpredicate complement of è
The particulars
- The text
- I giuochi della vita, Grazia Deledda. The Games of Life.
- Translation
- Public-domain Italian (Deledda, d. 1936; collection published 1905). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
- Words
- Every word of the text, by letter.
- Data
- JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents