Russian · Book X — The Boys
I. Коля Красоткин
Kolya Krassotkin
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Early November.
НоябрьNovemberноябрь · noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of the sentenceвatв · prepositionpreposition marking началеначалеits beginningначало · noun, locative, neuter, singularpredicate complement describing Ноябрь - 2
We had had a frost of some eleven degrees, and with it an icy glaze over everything.
Уwithу · prepositionpreposition marking наснасusмы · pronoun, genitive, pluraloblique complement of сталу нас стал мороз is idiomatic for 'we had/there set in a frost'.
сталset inстать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceморозa frostмороз · noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of сталградусовof degreesградус · noun, genitive, masculine, pluralmodifies морозвaboutв · prepositionmarks approximation of одиннадцатьодиннадцатьelevenодиннадцать · numeral, accusativecomplement of в (approximation)аandа · conjunctionlinks the coordinationсwithс · prepositionpreposition marking нимнимitон · pronoun, instrumental, masculine, singularmodifies гололедица (with it)гололедицаan icy glazeгололедица · noun, nominative, feminine, singularsubject of стал (elided) - 3
A little dry snow had fallen on the frozen ground in the night, and a wind 'dry and sharp' lifts it and sweeps it along the dreary streets of our little town, and most of all across the marketplace.
Наontoна · prepositionpreposition marking землюмерзлуюfrozenмёрзлый · adjective, accusative, feminine, singularmodifies землюземлюthe groundземля · noun, accusative, feminine, singularoblique complement of упалоупалоhad fallenупасть · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceвinв · prepositionpreposition marking ночьночьthe nightночь · noun, accusative, feminine, singularoblique complement of упалонемногоa littleнемного · adverbmodifies снегусухогоdryсухой · adjective, genitive, masculine, singularmodifies снегуснегуsnowснег · noun, genitive, masculine, singularsubject of упало (partitive)иandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationветерa windветер · noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of подымаетсухойdryсухой · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularin apposition to ветериandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationострыйsharpострый · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularcoordinated with сухойподымаетliftsподымать · verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfectivecoordinated with упалоегоitон · pronoun, accusative, masculine, singulardirect object of подымаетиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationмететsweepsмести · verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfectivecoordinated with подымаетпоalongпо · prepositionpreposition marking улицамскучнымdrearyскучный · adjective, dative, pluralmodifies улицамулицамthe streetsулица · noun, dative, feminine, pluraloblique complement of мететнашегоourнаш · determiner, genitive, masculine, singulardeterminer of городкагородкаlittle townгородок · noun, genitive, masculine, singularmodifies улицамиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationособенноespeciallyособенно · adverbmodifies площадипоacrossпо · prepositionpreposition marking площадибазарнойmarketбазарный · adjective, dative, feminine, singularmodifies площадиплощадиthe squareплощадь · noun, dative, feminine, singularcoordinated with улицам - 4
The morning is murky, but the snowfall has stopped.
Утроthe morningутро · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of мутноемутноеmurkyмутный · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularpredicate of Утроноbutно · conjunctionlinks the coordinationснежокthe snowfallснежок · noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of пересталпересталhas stoppedперестать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivecoordinated with мутное - 5
Not far from the square, close by the Plotnikovs' shop, stands the small house — very clean, both outside and in — of the widow Krassotkina, an official's wife.
Недалекоnot farнедалеко · adverbmodifies стоитотfromот · prepositionpreposition marking площадиплощадиthe squareплощадь · noun, genitive, feminine, singularoblique complement of Недалекопоблизостиclose byпоблизости · adverbmodifies стоитотfromот · prepositionpreposition marking лавкилавкиthe shopлавка · noun, genitive, feminine, singularoblique complement of поблизостиПлотниковыхthe Plotnikovs'плотниковы · proper noun, genitive, pluralmodifies лавкистоитstandsстоять · verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfectivemain verb of the sentenceнебольшойsmallнебольшой · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularmodifies домикоченьveryочень · adverbmodifies чистенькийчистенькийneatчистенький · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularmodifies домикиbothи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationснаружиoutsideснаружи · adverbmodifies чистенькийиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationснутриinsideснутри · adverbcoordinated with снаружидомикthe houseдомик · noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of стоитвдовыof the widowвдова · noun, genitive, feminine, singularmodifies домикчиновникаof the officialчиновник · noun, genitive, masculine, singularmodifies вдовыКрасоткинойKrassotkinaкрасоткина · proper noun, genitive, feminine, singularin apposition to вдовы - 6
Krassotkin himself, a provincial secretary, had died a very long time ago, almost fourteen years back, but his widow — a woman of thirty, and still quite a pretty little thing — is alive and lives in her tidy little house 'on her own capital.'
Самhimselfсам · pronoun, nominative, masculine, singularmodifies секретарьгубернскийprovincialгубернский · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularmodifies секретарьсекретарьsecretaryсекретарь · noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of померКрасоткинKrassotkinкрасоткин · proper noun, nominative, masculine, singularin apposition to секретарьпомерdiedпомереть · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceужеalreadyуже · adverbmodifies давнооченьveryочень · adverbmodifies давнодавноlong agoдавно · adverbmodifies помертомуbackтот · pronoun, dative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase тому назадтому назад is an idiom meaning 'ago'.
назадagoназад · adverbpart of the phrase тому назадпочтиalmostпочти · adverbmodifies четырнадцатьчетырнадцатьfourteenчетырнадцать · numeral, accusativedepends on летлетyearsгод · noun, genitive, masculine, pluralin apposition to давно (temporal)ноbutно · conjunctionlinks the coordinationвдоваthe widowвдова · noun, nominative, feminine, singularsubject of живаегоhisон · pronoun, genitive, masculine, singulardeterminer of вдоватридцатилетняяthirty-year-oldтридцатилетний · adjective, nominative, feminine, singularmodifies дамочкаиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationдоuntilдо · prepositionpart of the phrase до сих пордо сих пор is an idiom meaning 'still, up to now'.
сихtheseсей · determiner, genitive, pluralpart of the phrase до сих порпорtimesпора · noun, genitive, feminine, pluralpart of the phrase до сих порещеstillещё · adverbmodifies смазливаявесьмаquiteвесьма · adverbmodifies смазливаясмазливаяprettyсмазливый · adjective, nominative, feminine, singularmodifies дамочкасобоюin herselfсебя · pronoun, instrumental, reflexivemodifies смазливаясмазливая собою is an old-fashioned way of saying 'pretty-looking'.
дамочкаlittle ladyдамочка · noun, nominative, feminine, singularin apposition to вдоваживаaliveживой · adjective, feminine, singularpredicate of вдоваиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationживетlivesжить · verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfectivecoordinated with живавinв · prepositionpreposition marking домикесвоемher ownсвой · determiner, locative, masculine, singulardeterminer of домикечистенькомtidyчистенький · adjective, locative, masculine, singularmodifies домикедомикеlittle houseдомик · noun, locative, masculine, singularoblique complement of живетсвоимher ownсвой · determiner, instrumental, masculine, singulardeterminer of капиталомкапиталомcapitalкапитал · noun, instrumental, masculine, singularoblique complement of живетжить своим капиталом = 'live on one's own income/savings'.
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She lives honestly and timidly, of a tender disposition, yet cheerful enough.
Живетshe livesжить · verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfectivemain verb of the sentenceонаsheона · pronoun, nominative, feminine, singularsubject of Живетчестноhonestlyчестно · adverbmodifies Живетиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationробкоtimidlyробко · adverbcoordinated with честнохарактераof dispositionхарактер · noun, genitive, masculine, singularmodifies она (genitive of quality)нежногоtenderнежный · adjective, genitive, masculine, singularmodifies характераноbutно · conjunctionlinks the coordinationдовольноratherдовольно · adverbmodifies веселоговеселогоcheerfulвесёлый · adjective, genitive, neuter, singularcoordinated with нежного - 8
She had been left a widow at about eighteen, after living with her husband only about a year and having just borne him a son.
Осталасьshe was leftостаться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceонаsheона · pronoun, nominative, feminine, singularsubject of Осталасьпослеafterпосле · prepositionpreposition marking мужамужаher husbandмуж · noun, genitive, masculine, singularoblique complement of Осталасьлетyearsгод · noun, genitive, masculine, pluralmodifies она (age)восемнадцатиeighteenвосемнадцать · numeral, genitivedepends on летпроживhaving livedпрожить · verb, past, active, converb, perfectiveadverbial clause on Осталасьсwithс · prepositionpreposition marking нимнимhimон · pronoun, instrumental, masculine, singularoblique complement of проживвсегоonlyвсего · particlemodifies лишьлишьjustлишь · particlemodifies годуоколоaboutоколо · prepositionpreposition marking годугодуa yearгод · noun, locative, masculine, singularoblique complement of проживиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationтолькоjustтолько · particlepart of the phrase только чточтоnowчто · particlepart of the phrase только чтотолько что is an idiom meaning 'just now, just recently'.
родивhaving borneродить · verb, past, active, converb, perfectivecoordinated with проживемуhimон · pronoun, dative, masculine, singularindirect object of родивсынаa sonсын · noun, accusative, masculine, singulardirect object of родив - 9
From that time on, from his very death, she devoted her whole self to the upbringing of this little treasure of hers, the boy Kolya, and though she had loved him without measure all those fourteen years, she had, of course, endured incomparably more suffering with him than she had ever lived to enjoy in gladness, trembling and dying of fear almost every day lest he fall ill, catch cold, get into mischief, climb up on a chair and tumble off, and so on, and so on.
Сsinceс · prepositionpart of the phrase с тех портехthoseтот · determiner, genitive, pluralpart of the phrase с тех порпорtimesпора · noun, genitive, feminine, pluralpart of the phrase с тех порс тех пор is an idiom meaning 'from that time on'.
сfromс · prepositionpreposition marking смертисамойthe veryсамый · determiner, genitive, feminine, singularmodifies смертиегоhisон · determiner, genitive, masculine, singulardeterminer of смертисмертиdeathсмерть · noun, genitive, feminine, singularoblique complement of сонаsheона · pronoun, nominative, feminine, singularsubject of посвятилапосвятилаdevotedпосвятить · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceвсюallвесь · determiner, accusative, feminine, singulardeterminer of себясебяherselfсебя · pronoun, accusative, reflexivedirect object of посвятилавоспитаниюto raisingвоспитание · noun, dative, neuter, singularindirect object of посвятилаэтогоthisэтот · determiner, genitive, masculine, singulardeterminer of нещечкасвоегоherсвой · determiner, genitive, masculine, singulardeterminer of нещечканещечкаtreasureнещечко · noun, genitive, neuter, singularmodifies воспитаниюмальчикаboyмальчик · noun, genitive, masculine, singularin apposition to нещечкаКолиKolyaколя · proper noun, genitive, masculine, singularin apposition to мальчикаиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationхотьthoughхоть · conjunctionmodifies любилалюбилаshe lovedлюбить · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecoordinated with посвятилаегоhimон · pronoun, accusative, masculine, singulardirect object of любилавсеallвесь · determiner, accusative, pluraldeterminer of четырнадцатьчетырнадцатьfourteenчетырнадцать · numeral, accusativedepends on летлетyearsгод · noun, genitive, masculine, pluraloblique complement of любила (duration)безwithoutбез · prepositionpreposition marking памятипамятиmemoryпамять · noun, genitive, feminine, singularoblique complement of любилабез памяти is idiomatic for 'to distraction, madly'.
ноbutно · conjunctionlinks the coordinationужindeedуж · particlemodifies перенеслаконечноof courseконечно · adverbparenthetical modifying перенеслаперенеслаenduredперенести · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivecoordinated with посвятиласwithс · prepositionpreposition marking нимнимhimон · pronoun, instrumental, masculine, singularoblique complement of перенесланесравненноincomparablyнесравненно · adverbmodifies большебольшеmoreбольше · numeral, comparativemodifies страданийстраданийsufferingстрадание · noun, genitive, neuter, pluraldirect object of перенесла (partitive)чемthanчем · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of выжилавыжилаhad lived to enjoyвыжить · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivecomparative clause on перенесларадостейjoysрадость · noun, genitive, feminine, pluraldirect object of выжилатрепещаtremblingтрепетать · verb, present, active, converb, imperfectivecoordinated with умираяиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationумираяdyingумирать · verb, present, active, converb, imperfectivecoordinated with трепещаотofот · prepositionpreposition marking страхастрахаfearстрах · noun, genitive, masculine, singularoblique complement of умираячутьalmostчуть · adverbpart of the phrase чуть ненеalmostне · particlepart of the phrase чуть нечуть не is idiomatic for 'almost, nearly'.
каждыйeveryкаждый · determiner, accusative, masculine, singulardeterminer of деньденьdayдень · noun, accusative, masculine, singularoblique complement of умирая (temporal)чтоthatчто · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of заболеетонheон · pronoun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of заболеетзаболеетmight fall illзаболеть · verb, future, indicative, active, third, singular, perfectiveclausal complement of умираяпростудитсяcatch coldпростудиться · verb, future, indicative, middle, third, singular, perfectivecoordinated with заболеетнашалитget into mischiefнашалить · verb, future, indicative, active, third, singular, perfectivecoordinated with заболеетполезетclimb upполезть · verb, future, indicative, active, third, singular, perfectivecoordinated with заболеетнаontoна · prepositionpreposition marking стулстулa chairстул · noun, accusative, masculine, singularoblique complement of полезетиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationсвалитсяtumble offсвалиться · verb, future, indicative, middle, third, singular, perfectivecoordinated with полезетиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationпрочand so onпрочее · noun, abbreviationcoordinated with заболеетиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationпрочand so onпрочее · noun, abbreviationcoordinated with заболеет - 10
When Kolya began going to school and then to our preparatory gymnasium, his mother flung herself into studying all the subjects together with him, so as to help him and coach him on his lessons; she flung herself into getting to know the teachers and their wives, and even fawned upon Kolya's schoolmates, the schoolboys, ingratiating herself with them so that they would not pick on Kolya, or jeer at him, or beat him.
Когдаwhenкогда · adverbintroduces the temporal clause, modifies сталжеnowже · particleemphasizes КогдаКоляKolyaКоля · proper noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of сталсталbeganстать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivemain verb of the temporal clause, modifies бросиласьходитьgoingходить · verb, active, infinitive, imperfectivecomplement of сталвtoв · prepositionpreposition marking школушколуschoolшкола · noun, accusative, feminine, singularoblique complement of ходитьиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationпотомthenпотом · adverbmodifies the elided second ходитьвtoв · prepositionpreposition marking прогимназиюнашуourнаш · determiner, accusative, feminine, singulardeterminer of прогимназиюпрогимназиюpreparatory gymnasiumпрогимназия · noun, accusative, feminine, singularcoordinated with школутоthenто · particleresumptive particle, correlates Когда-clause with бросиласьматьhis motherмать · noun, nominative, feminine, singularsubject of бросиласьбросиласьflung herselfброситься · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceизучатьstudyingизучать · verb, active, infinitive, imperfectivecomplement of бросиласьвместеtogetherвместе · adverbmodifies изучатьсwithс · prepositionpreposition marking нимнимhimон · pronoun, instrumental, masculine, singularoblique complement of вместевсеallвесь · determiner, accusative, pluraldeterminer of наукинаукиthe subjectsнаука · noun, accusative, feminine, pluraldirect object of изучатьчтобыso as toчтобы · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of помогатьпомогатьhelpпомогать · verb, active, infinitive, imperfectiveadverbial clause on изучатьемуhimон · pronoun, dative, masculine, singularindirect object of помогатьиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationрепетироватьcoach himрепетировать · verb, active, infinitive, imperfectivecoordinated with помогатьсwithс · prepositionpreposition marking нимнимhimон · pronoun, instrumental, masculine, singularoblique complement of репетироватьурокиlessonsурок · noun, accusative, masculine, pluraldirect object of репетироватьбросиласьflung herselfброситься · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfectivecoordinated with бросиласьзнакомитьсяgetting to knowзнакомиться · verb, middle, infinitive, imperfectivecomplement of бросиласьсwithс · prepositionpreposition marking учителямиучителямиthe teachersучитель · noun, instrumental, masculine, pluraloblique complement of знакомитьсяиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationсwithс · prepositionpreposition marking женамиихtheirони · determiner, genitive, pluraldeterminer of женамиженамиwivesжена · noun, instrumental, feminine, pluralcoordinated with учителямиласкалаfawned uponласкать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecoordinated with бросиласьдажеevenдаже · particlemodifies товарищейтоварищейschoolmatesтоварищ · noun, accusative, masculine, pluraldirect object of ласкалаКолиKolya'sКоля · proper noun, genitive, masculine, singularpossessive modifier of товарищейшкольниковthe schoolboysшкольник · noun, accusative, masculine, pluralin apposition to товарищейиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationлисилаingratiated herselfлисить · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecoordinated with бросиласьArchaic/dialect verb лисить, from лиса ("fox") — to fawn or flatter like a fox.
предbeforeперед · prepositionpreposition marking ниминимиthemони · pronoun, instrumental, pluraloblique complement of лисилачтобыso thatчтобы · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of трогалинеnotне · particlemodifies трогалитрогалиpick onтрогать · verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfectiveadverbial clause on лисилаКолюKolyaКоля · proper noun, accusative, masculine, singulardirect object of трогалинеnotне · particlemodifies насмехалисьнасмехалисьjeer atнасмехаться · verb, past, indicative, middle, plural, imperfectivecoordinated with трогалинадatнад · prepositionpreposition marking нимнимhimон · pronoun, instrumental, masculine, singularoblique complement of насмехалисьнеnotне · particlemodifies прибилиприбилиbeatприбить · verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfectivecoordinated with насмехалисьегоhimон · pronoun, accusative, masculine, singulardirect object of прибили - 11
She carried it so far that the boys really did begin, because of her, to mock him, and took to teasing him with being a mama's boy.
Довелаcarried itдовести · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceдоtoдо · prepositionpreposition marking тоготогоsuch a pointтот · pronoun, genitive, neuter, singularoblique complement of Довелачтоthatчто · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of сталимальчишкиthe boysмальчишка · noun, nominative, masculine, pluralsubject of сталииindeedи · particleintensifies в самом делевinв · prepositionpreposition marking делесамомveryсамый · adjective, locative, neuter, singularmodifies деледелеfactдело · noun, locative, neuter, singularidiom modifying стали (в самом деле = really)сталиbeganстать · verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfectiveverb of the что-clause explaining тогобылоreallyбыло · particleemphatic particle with стали (стали было)Verb + было is a set construction marking an action begun (here emphasized, not interrupted).
чрезbecause ofчерез · prepositionpreposition marking неенееherона · pronoun, genitive, feminine, singularoblique complement of чрезнадatнад · prepositionpreposition marking нимнимhimон · pronoun, instrumental, masculine, singularoblique complement of насмехатьсянасмехатьсяmockнасмехаться · verb, middle, infinitive, imperfectivecomplement of сталииandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationначалиtook toначать · verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfectivecoordinated with сталидразнитьteasingдразнить · verb, active, infinitive, imperfectivecomplement of началиегоhimон · pronoun, accusative, masculine, singulardirect object of дразнитьтемwithтот · pronoun, instrumental, neuter, singularoblique complement of дразнитьчтоthatчто · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of сыноконheон · pronoun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of сынокмаменькинmama'sмаменькин · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularmodifies сыноксынокboyсынок · noun, nominative, masculine, singularclause modifying тем - 12
But the boy knew how to stand up for himself.
Ноbutно · conjunctionlinks the coordinationмальчикthe boyмальчик · noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of сумелсумелknew how toсуметь · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceотстоятьstand up forотстоять · verb, active, infinitive, perfectivecomplement of сумелсебяhimselfсебя · pronoun, accusativedirect object of отстоять - 13
He was a bold lad, 'frightfully strong,' as the rumor about him swept through the class and quickly took hold; he was nimble, of a stubborn character, and of a daring, enterprising spirit.
Былwasбыть · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecopula linking to мальчишкаонheон · pronoun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of Былсмелыйboldсмелый · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularmodifies мальчишкамальчишкаladмальчишка · noun, nominative, masculine, singularpredicate complement of Былужасноfrightfullyужасно · adverbmodifies сильныйсильныйstrongсильный · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularmodifies мальчишкакакasкак · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of пронесласьпронесласьsweptпронестись · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfectiveverb of the как-clauseиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationскороquicklyскоро · adverbmodifies утвердиласьутвердиласьtook holdутвердиться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfectivecoordinated with пронесласьмолваthe rumorмолва · noun, nominative, feminine, singularsubject of пронеслась and утвердиласьоaboutо · prepositionpreposition marking немнемhimон · pronoun, locative, masculine, singularmodifies молвавthroughв · prepositionpreposition marking классеклассеthe classкласс · noun, locative, masculine, singularmodifies пронесласьбылwasбыть · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecopula linking to ловокловокnimbleловкий · adjective, masculine, singularhead of the phraseхарактераcharacterхарактер · noun, genitive, masculine, singularcoordinated with ловокупорногоstubbornупорный · adjective, genitive, masculine, singularmodifies характерадухаspiritдух · noun, genitive, masculine, singularcoordinated with ловокдерзкогоdaringдерзкий · adjective, genitive, masculine, singularmodifies духаиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationпредприимчивогоenterprisingпредприимчивый · adjective, genitive, masculine, singularcoordinated with дерзкого - 14
He did well at his studies, and there was even a rumor going around that in both arithmetic and world history he could best the teacher Dardanelov himself.
Училсяstudiedучиться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, imperfectivemain verb of the sentenceонheон · pronoun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of Училсяхорошоwellхорошо · adverbmodifies Училсяиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationшлаwent aroundидти · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecoordinated with Училсядажеevenдаже · particlemodifies молвамолваa rumorмолва · noun, nominative, feminine, singularsubject of шлачтоthatчто · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of собьетонheон · pronoun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of собьетиbothи · particlelinks the coordination (both...and)изinиз · prepositionpreposition marking арифметикиарифметикиarithmeticарифметика · noun, genitive, feminine, singularoblique complement of собьетиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationизinиз · prepositionpreposition marking историивсемирнойworldвсемирный · adjective, genitive, feminine, singularmodifies историиисторииhistoryистория · noun, genitive, feminine, singularoblique complement of собьетсобьетbestсбить · verb, future, indicative, active, third, singular, perfectiveverb of the что-clause explaining молвасамогоhimselfсамый · adjective, accusative, masculine, singularmodifies учителяучителяthe teacherучитель · noun, accusative, masculine, singulardirect object of собьетДарданеловаDardanelovДарданелов · proper noun, accusative, masculine, singularmodifies учителя - 15
But though the boy looked down on everyone, his little nose in the air, he was nonetheless a good comrade and did not put on airs.
Ноbutно · conjunctionlinks the coordinationмальчикthe boyмальчик · noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of смотрелхотьalthoughхоть · adverbintroduces the concessive clause modifying былиevenи · particlemodifies смотрел (part of хоть и)смотрелlookedсмотреть · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectiveverb of the concessive clause modifying былнаatна · prepositionpreposition marking всехвсехeveryoneвесь · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of насвысокаcondescendinglyсвысока · adverbmodifies смотрелвздернувtilting upвздёрнуть · verb, past, active, converb, perfectiveadverbial clause on смотрелносикhis little noseносик · noun, accusative, masculine, singulardirect object of вздернувноbutно · conjunctionlinks the coordinationтоварищемa comradeтоварищ · noun, instrumental, masculine, singularpredicate complement of былбылwasбыть · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivemain verb, copula linking товарищем and хорошимхорошимgoodхороший · adjective, instrumental, masculine, singularmodifies товарищемиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationнеnotне · particlemodifies превозносилсяпревозносилсяput on airsпревозноситься · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, imperfectivecoordinated with был - 16
He accepted the schoolboys' respect as his due, but bore himself in a friendly way.
Уважениеthe respectуважение · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of принималшкольниковthe schoolboys'школьник · noun, genitive, masculine, pluralmodifies Уважениепринималacceptedпринимать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivemain verb of the sentenceкакasкак · prepositionpreposition marking должноедолжноеhis dueдолжный · adjective, accusative, neuter, singularoblique complement of принималноbutно · conjunctionlinks the coordinationдержалboreдержать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecoordinated with принималсебяhimselfсебя · pronoun, accusativedirect object of держалдружелюбноin a friendly wayдружелюбно · adverbmodifies держал - 17
Above all, he knew where to draw the line, knew how to rein himself in when the occasion called for it, and in his dealings with those in authority never overstepped a certain final and sacred boundary, beyond which a misdeed can no longer be tolerated, turning into disorder, mutiny, and lawlessness.
Главноеabove allглавный · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularparenthetical modifier of зналзналknewзнать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivemain verb of the sentenceмеруthe measureмера · noun, accusative, feminine, singulardirect object of зналумелknew how toуметь · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecoordinated with зналприonпри · prepositionpreposition marking случаеслучаеoccasionслучай · noun, locative, masculine, singularoblique complement of сдержатьсдержатьrein inсдержать · verb, active, infinitive, perfectivecomplement of умелсебяhimselfсебя · pronoun, accusativedirect object of сдержатьсамогоhimselfсамый · adjective, accusative, masculine, singularmodifies себяаandа · conjunctionlinks the coordinationвinв · prepositionpreposition marking отношенияхотношенияхdealingsотношение · noun, locative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of переступалкwithк · prepositionpreposition marking начальствуначальствуauthorityначальство · noun, dative, neuter, singularmodifies отношенияхникогдаneverникогда · adverbmodifies переступалнеnotне · particlemodifies переступалпереступалoversteppedпереступать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecoordinated with зналнекоторойa certainнекоторый · determiner, genitive, feminine, singulardeterminer of чертыпоследнейfinalпоследний · adjective, genitive, feminine, singularmodifies чертыиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationзаветнойsacredзаветный · adjective, genitive, feminine, singularcoordinated with последнейчертыboundaryчерта · noun, genitive, feminine, singulardirect object of переступалзаbeyondза · prepositionpreposition marking котороюкотороюwhichкоторый · pronoun, instrumental, feminine, singularoblique complement of за, refers to чертыужеany longerуже · adverbmodifies можетпроступокa misdeedпроступок · noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of можетнеnotне · particlemodifies можетможетcanмочь · verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfectiveverb of the relative clause introduced by котороюбытьbeбыть · auxiliary verb, active, infinitive, imperfectivecopula linking to терпимтерпимtoleratedтерпимый · adjective, masculine, singularcomplement of можетобращаясьturning intoобращаться · verb, present, middle, converb, imperfectiveadverbial clause describing проступоквintoв · prepositionpreposition marking беспорядокбеспорядокdisorderбеспорядок · noun, accusative, masculine, singularoblique complement of обращаясьбунтmutinyбунт · noun, accusative, masculine, singularcoordinated with беспорядокиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationвintoв · prepositionpreposition marking беззакониебеззакониеlawlessnessбеззаконие · noun, accusative, neuter, singularcoordinated with беспорядок - 18
And yet he was very, very far from averse to playing the prankster at every convenient opportunity — to playing the prankster like the most reckless of urchins — and not so much to mere pranks as to contriving something, working some marvel, dishing out a bit of 'extra pepper,' some flash, some showing off.
Иandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationоднакоyetоднако · adverbmodifies the whole sentenceонheон · pronoun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of былоченьveryочень · adverbmodifies прочьоченьveryочень · adverbreduplicated intensifier, modifies прочьнеnotне · particlemodifies прочьпрочьaverseпрочь · adverbhead of the phraseбылwasбыть · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecopula linking to прочьне прочь + infinitive is a set idiom for "wouldn't mind (doing something)."
пошалитьplay pranksпошалить · verb, active, infinitive, perfectivecomplement of прочьприatпри · prepositionpreposition marking случаевсякомeveryвсякий · determiner, locative, masculine, singulardeterminer of случаеудобномconvenientудобный · adjective, locative, masculine, singularmodifies случаеслучаеopportunityслучай · noun, locative, masculine, singularoblique complement of пошалитьпошалитьplay pranksпошалить · verb, active, infinitive, perfectivecoordinated with пошалитькакlikeкак · prepositionpreposition marking мальчишкасамыйmostсамый · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularmodifies последнийпоследнийrecklessпоследний · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularmodifies мальчишкамальчишкаurchinмальчишка · noun, nominative, masculine, singularoblique complement of какиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationнеnotне · particlemodifies столькостолькоso muchстолько · adverbmodifies пошалить, correlates with сколькопошалитьplaying pranksпошалить · verb, active, infinitive, perfectivecoordinated with пошалитьсколькоasсколько · adverbintroduces the clause of намудритьчтоsomethingчто · pronoun, accusative, neuter, singularpart of indefinite pronoun что-нибудь, direct object of намудритьнибудь(indefinite)нибудь · particleforms indefinite pronoun with чтонамудритьcontriveнамудрить · verb, active, infinitive, perfectivecomplement of сколько-clause, parallel to пошалитьначудеситьwork marvelsначудесить · verb, active, infinitive, perfectivecoordinated with намудритьзадатьdish outзадать · verb, active, infinitive, perfectivecoordinated with намудритьэкстрафеферуextra pepperэкстрафефер · noun, dative, masculine, singularindirect object of задатьшикуsome flashшик · noun, dative, masculine, singularcoordinated with экстрафеферупорисоватьсяshow offпорисоваться · verb, middle, infinitive, imperfectivecoordinated with намудрить - 19
Above all, he was very vain.
Главноеabove allглавный · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularparenthetical modifier of былбылwasбыть · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecopula linking to самолюбивоченьveryочень · adverbmodifies самолюбивсамолюбивvainсамолюбивый · adjective, masculine, singularhead of the phrase - 20
He even managed to put his own mama into a subordinate position toward himself, ruling over her almost despotically.
Дажеevenдаже · particlemodifies мамусвоюhis ownсвой · determiner, accusative, feminine, singulardeterminer of мамумамуmamaмама · noun, accusative, feminine, singulardirect object of поставитьсумелmanagedсуметь · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceпоставитьputпоставить · verb, active, infinitive, perfectivecomplement of сумелкtowardк · prepositionpreposition marking себесебеhimselfсебя · pronoun, dativeoblique complement of поставитьвintoв · prepositionpreposition marking отношенияотношенияa positionотношение · noun, accusative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of поставитьподчиненныеsubordinateподчинённый · adjective, accusative, pluralmodifies отношениядействуяactingдействовать · verb, present, active, converb, imperfectiveadverbial clause on поставитьнаonна · prepositionpreposition marking неенееherона · pronoun, accusative, feminine, singularoblique complement of действуяпочтиalmostпочти · adverbmodifies деспотическидеспотическиdespoticallyдеспотически · adverbmodifies действуя - 21
And she submitted — oh, she had submitted long ago — and the one thing she simply could not bear, for anything in the world, was the mere thought that her boy 'loved her too little.'
Онаsheона · pronoun, nominative, feminine, singularsubject of подчиниласьиindeedи · particleemphasizes подчиниласьподчиниласьsubmittedподчиниться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceоohо · interjectionstands alone (interjection)давноlong agoдавно · adverbmodifies подчиниласьужеalreadyуже · adverbmodifies подчиниласьподчиниласьsubmittedподчиниться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfectivecoordinated with подчиниласьиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationлишьonlyлишь · particlemodifies могланеnotне · particlemodifies могламоглаcouldмочь · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecoordinated with подчиниласьниnot forни · particlepart of idiom ни за что, modifies моглаНи за что is a set idiom meaning "for anything/nothing in the world."
заforза · prepositionpreposition marking чточтоanythingчто · pronoun, accusative, neuter, singularoblique complement of за, idiom modifying моглаперенестиbearперенести · verb, active, infinitive, perfectivecomplement of моглаоднойthe oneодин · numeral, genitive, feminine, singularmodifies мыслитолькоmereтолько · particlemodifies мыслимыслиthoughtмысль · noun, genitive, feminine, singulardirect object of перенести (genitive under negation)чтоthatчто · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of любитмальчикher boyмальчик · noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of любитееherона · pronoun, accusative, feminine, singulardirect object of любитмалоtoo littleмало · adverbmodifies любитлюбитlovesлюбить · verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfectiveclause modifying мысли - 22
It seemed to her endlessly that Kolya was 'unfeeling' toward her, and there were times when she, dissolving in hysterical tears, would begin to reproach him for his coldness.
Ейto herона · pronoun, dative, feminine, singularindirect object of казалосьбеспрерывноendlesslyбеспрерывно · adverbmodifies казалоськазалосьseemedказаться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, imperfectivemain verb of the sentenceчтоthatчто · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of бесчувственКоляKolyaКоля · proper noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of бесчувственкtowardк · prepositionpreposition marking нейнейherона · pronoun, dative, feminine, singularoblique complement of бесчувственбесчувственunfeelingбесчувственный · adjective, masculine, singularclausal complement of казалосьиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationбывалиthere wereбывать · verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfectivecoordinated with казалосьслучаиtimesслучай · noun, nominative, masculine, pluralsubject of бываличтоthatчто · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of начиналаонаsheона · pronoun, nominative, feminine, singularsubject of начиналаобливаясьdissolving inобливаться · verb, present, middle, converb, imperfectiveadverbial clause on начиналаистерическимиhystericalистерический · adjective, instrumental, pluralmodifies слезамислезамиtearsслеза · noun, instrumental, feminine, pluraloblique complement of обливаясьначиналаwould beginначинать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectiveclause modifying случаиупрекатьreproachупрекать · verb, active, infinitive, imperfectivecomplement of начиналаегоhimон · pronoun, accusative, masculine, singulardirect object of упрекатьвforв · prepositionpreposition marking холодностихолодностиhis coldnessхолодность · noun, locative, feminine, singularoblique complement of упрекать - 23
The boy did not like this, and the more heartfelt outpourings were demanded of him, the more — as if on purpose — he grew unyielding.
Мальчикthe boyмальчик · noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of любилэтогоthisэто · pronoun, genitive, neuter, singulardirect object of любил (genitive of negation)неnotне · particlemodifies любиллюбилlikedлюбить · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivemain verb of the sentenceиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationчемthe moreчем · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the correlative clause with темболееmoreболее · adverbmodifies требовали, part of the phrase чемтребовалиwere demandedтребовать · verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfectivemain verb of the чем-clauseотfromот · prepositionpreposition marking негонегоhimон · pronoun, genitive, masculine, singularoblique complement of требовалисердечныхheartfeltсердечный · adjective, genitive, pluralmodifies излиянийизлиянийoutpouringsизлияние · noun, genitive, neuter, pluraldirect object of требовалитемthe moreтот · pronoun, instrumental, neuter, singularintroduces the correlative main clause with становилсякакas ifкак · particlepart of the phrase быбыas ifбы · particlepart of the phrase какнарочноon purposeнарочно · adverbmodifies становилсястановилсяgrewстановиться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, imperfectivemain verb of the тем-clauseнеподатливееmore unyieldingнеподатливый · adjective, comparativepredicate complement of становился - 24
But this happened in him not on purpose but involuntarily — such, after all, was his nature.
Ноbutно · conjunctionlinks the coordinationпроисходилоhappenedпроисходить · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivemain verb of the sentenceэтоthisэто · pronoun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of происходилоуinу · prepositionpreposition marking негонегоhimон · pronoun, genitive, masculine, singularoblique complement of происходилонеnotне · particlemodifies нарочнонарочноon purposeнарочно · adverbmodifies происходилоаbutа · conjunctionlinks the coordinationневольноinvoluntarilyневольно · adverbcoordinated with нарочнотаковsuchтаков · adjective, short form, masculine, singularpredicate complement of былужafter allуж · particlemodifies таковбылwasбыть · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecopula linking характер to таковхарактерhis natureхарактер · noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of был - 25
His mother was mistaken: he loved his mama very much; what he did not love was only 'calf-like tendernesses,' as he put it in his schoolboy idiom.
Матьhis motherмать · noun, nominative, feminine, singularsubject of ошибаласьошибаласьwas mistakenошибаться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, imperfectivemain verb of the sentenceмамуmamaмама · noun, accusative, feminine, singulardirect object of любилсвоюhisсвой · determiner, accusative, feminine, singulardeterminer of мамуонheон · pronoun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of любилоченьvery muchочень · adverbmodifies любиллюбилlovedлюбить · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectiveparallel clause to ошибаласьаbutа · conjunctionlinks the coordinationнеnotне · particlemodifies любиллюбилlovedлюбить · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecoordinated with the first любилтолькоonlyтолько · particlemodifies телячьих нежностейтелячьихcalf-likeтелячий · adjective, genitive, pluralmodifies нежностейнежностейtendernessesнежность · noun, genitive, feminine, pluraldirect object of the second любил"Телячьи нежности" is an idiom for mawkish, sentimental displays of affection — literally "calf-like tendernesses."
какasкак · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of выражалсявыражалсяput itвыражаться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, imperfectiveadverbial clause on любилонheон · pronoun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of выражалсянаinна · prepositionpreposition marking языкесвоемhis ownсвой · determiner, locative, masculine, singulardeterminer of языкешкольническомschoolboyшкольнический · adjective, locative, masculine, singularmodifies языкеязыкеidiomязык · noun, locative, masculine, singularoblique complement of выражался - 26
After his father there remained a cabinet in which a few books were kept; Kolya loved to read and had already read some of them on his own.
Послеafterпосле · prepositionpreposition marking отцаотцаhis fatherотец · noun, genitive, masculine, singularoblique complement of осталсяосталсяremainedостаться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceшкапa cabinetшкап · noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of осталсявinв · prepositionpreposition marking которомкоторомwhichкоторый · pronoun, locative, masculine, singularoblique complement of хранилосьхранилосьwere keptхраниться · verb, past, indicative, passive, singular, imperfectiverelative clause on шкапнесколькоa fewнесколько · numeral, nominativedepends on книгкнигbooksкнига · noun, genitive, feminine, pluralsubject of хранилосьКоляKolyaколя · proper noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of любиллюбилlovedлюбить · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivemain verb of the second clauseчитатьto readчитать · verb, active, infinitive, imperfectivecomplement of любилиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationпроtoпро · prepositionpreposition marking себясебяhimselfсебя · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of прочел"Про себя" is an idiom meaning "silently, on his own," not literally "about himself."
прочелhad readпрочесть · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivecoordinated with любилужеalreadyуже · adverbmodifies прочелнекоторыеsomeнекоторый · determiner, accusative, pluraldirect object of прочелизofиз · prepositionpreposition marking нихнихthemон · pronoun, genitive, pluralmodifies некоторые - 27
His mother was not troubled by this and only marveled sometimes that the boy, instead of going off to play, would stand for hours on end by the cabinet over some book or other.
Матьhis motherмать · noun, nominative, feminine, singularsubject of смущаласьэтимby thisэто · pronoun, instrumental, neuter, singularoblique complement of смущаласьнеnotне · particlemodifies смущаласьсмущаласьwas troubledсмущаться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, imperfectivemain verb of the sentenceиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationтолькоonlyтолько · particlemodifies дивиласьдивиласьmarveledдивиться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, imperfectivecoordinated with смущаласьиногдаsometimesиногда · adverbmodifies дивиласькакthatкак · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of простаиваетэтоthisэтот · pronoun, nominative, neuter, singularemphatic particle, modifies мальчикмальчикthe boyмальчик · noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of простаиваетвместоinstead ofвместо · prepositionpreposition marking тоготогоthatтот · pronoun, genitive, neuter, singularoblique complement of вместочтобofчтоб · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of идтиидтиgoingидти · verb, active, infinitive, imperfectiveclause modifying тогоигратьto playиграть · verb, active, infinitive, imperfectivecomplement of идтипростаиваетstandsпростаивать · verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfectivemain verb of the как-clauseуbyу · prepositionpreposition marking шкапашкапаthe cabinetшкап · noun, genitive, masculine, singularoblique complement of простаиваетпоforпо · prepositionpreposition marking часамцелымwholeцелый · adjective, dative, pluralmodifies часамчасамhoursчас · noun, dative, masculine, pluraloblique complement of простаиваетнадoverнад · prepositionpreposition marking книжкойкакоюsomeкакой · determiner, instrumental, feminine, singularmodifies книжкойнибудьor otherнибудь · particlepart of the phrase какоюкнижкойbookкнижка · noun, instrumental, feminine, singularoblique complement of над - 28
And in this way Kolya read a thing or two that ought not yet to have been given him to read at his age.
Иandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationтакимin thisтакой · determiner, instrumental, masculine, singulardeterminer of образомобразомwayобраз · noun, instrumental, masculine, singularoblique complement of прочелКоляKolyaколя · proper noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of прочелпрочелreadпрочесть · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceкоеa thing or twoкое-что · pronoun, accusative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase чточтоa thing or twoкое-что · pronoun, accusative, neuter, singulardirect object of прочелчегоthatчто · pronoun, genitive, neuter, singularsubject of нельзябыwouldбы · particle, conditionalmarks the subjunctive of нельзяемуhimон · pronoun, dative, masculine, singularindirect object of даватьнельзяought notнельзя · adverb, predicatepredicate of the relative clause on чтоещеyetещё · adverbmodifies нельзябылоwasбыть · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecopula linking to нельзядаватьto giveдавать · verb, active, infinitive, imperfectivedepends on нельзячитатьto readчитать · verb, active, infinitive, imperfectivecomplement of даватьвatв · prepositionpreposition marking возрастеегоhisон · determinerdeterminer of возрастевозрастеageвозраст · noun, locative, masculine, singularoblique complement of в - 29
Of late, however, though the boy did not like to carry his pranks past a certain known line, there began pranks that frightened his mother in earnest — not, it is true, anything immoral, but desperate ones, daredevil ones.
Впрочемhoweverвпрочем · adverb, parentheticalparenthetical, modifies the sentenceвinв · prepositionpreposition marking времяпоследнееrecentпоследний · adjective, accusative, neuter, singularmodifies времявремяof lateвремя · noun, accusative, neuter, singularadverbial, modifies началисьхотьthoughхоть · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the concessive clause of любилмальчикthe boyмальчик · noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of любилиevenи · particleemphatic particle modifying любилнеnotне · particlemodifies любиллюбилlikedлюбить · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivemain verb of the concessive clauseпереходитьto crossпереходить · verb, active, infinitive, imperfectivecomplement of любилвinв · prepositionpreposition marking шалостяхсвоихhisсвой · determiner, locative, pluraldeterminer of шалостяхшалостяхpranksшалость · noun, locative, feminine, pluraloblique complement of переходитьизвестнойcertainизвестный · adjective, genitive, feminine, singularmodifies чертычертыlineчерта · noun, genitive, feminine, singulardirect object of переходить (genitive of negation)ноbutно · conjunctionlinks the coordinationначалисьbeganначаться · verb, past, indicative, middle, plural, perfectivemain verb of the second clauseшалостиpranksшалость · noun, nominative, feminine, pluralsubject of началисьиспугавшиеthat frightenedиспугать · verb, past, active, participle, plural, nominative, perfectivemodifies шалостиматьhis motherмать · noun, accusative, feminine, singulardirect object of испугавшиенеnotне · particlepart of the idiom не на шуткунаasна · prepositionpart of the idiom не на шуткушутку,a jokeшутка · noun, accusative, feminine, singularoblique complement of испугавшие"Не на шутку" is an idiom meaning "in earnest, seriously," not literally about a joke.
правдаit's trueправда · adverb, parentheticalparenthetical, modifies безнравственныенеnotне · particlemodifies безнравственныебезнравственныеimmoralбезнравственный · adjective, nominative, pluralpredicate complement, describes шалостикакиеanyкакой · determiner, nominative, pluraldeterminer of безнравственныенибудьor otherнибудь · particlepart of the phrase какиезатоbut ratherзато · conjunctionlinks the coordinationотчаянныеdesperateотчаянный · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with безнравственные, describes шалостиголоворезныеdaredevilголоворезный · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with отчаянные - 30
That very summer, in the month of July, during the holidays, it happened that mother and son went off to stay for a little week in another district, some seventy versts away, with a distant kinswoman whose husband worked at a railway station (the very station nearest our town, the one from which Ivan Fyodorovich Karamazov would set out for Moscow a month later).
Какjustкак · particlepart of the phrase разразthat veryраз · particlepart of the phrase Как, modifies летовinв · prepositionpreposition marking летоэтоthatэтот · determiner, accusative, neuter, singulardeterminer of летолетоsummerлето · noun, accusative, neuter, singularoblique complement of случилосьвinв · prepositionpreposition marking июлеиюлеJulyиюль · noun, locative, masculine, singularoblique complement of случилосьмесяцеmonthмесяц · noun, locative, masculine, singularappositive to июлевоduringв · prepositionpart of the phrase времявремяtimeвремя · noun, accusative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase во, governs вакацийвакацийthe holidaysвакация · noun, genitive, feminine, pluraloblique complement of времяслучилосьit happenedслучиться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceтакsoтак · adverbmodifies случилосьчтоthatчто · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of отправилисьмаменькаmamaмаменька · noun, nominative, feminine, singularsubject of отправилисьсwithс · prepositionpreposition marking сынкомсынкомher sonсынок · noun, instrumental, masculine, singularjoins маменька as joint subject of отправилисьотправилисьset offотправиться · verb, past, indicative, middle, plural, perfectivemain verb of the что-clauseпогоститьto visitпогостить · verb, active, infinitive, perfectivecomplement of отправилисьнаforна · prepositionpreposition marking неделькунеделькуa little weekнеделька · noun, accusative, feminine, singularoblique complement of погоститьвtoв · prepositionpreposition marking уезддругойanotherдругой · adjective, accusative, masculine, singularmodifies уездуездdistrictуезд · noun, accusative, masculine, singularoblique complement of отправилисьзаawayза · prepositionpreposition marking верстсемьдесятseventyсемьдесят · numeral, accusativequantifies верстверстverstsверста · noun, genitive, feminine, pluraloblique complement of закtoк · prepositionpreposition marking родственницеоднойaодин · numeral, dative, feminine, singularquantifies родственницедальнейdistantдальний · adjective, dative, feminine, singularmodifies родственницеродственницеkinswomanродственница · noun, dative, feminine, singularoblique complement of отправилисьмужhusbandмуж · noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of служилкоторойwhoseкоторый · pronoun, genitive, feminine, singularpossessive, modifies мужслужилworkedслужить · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectiverelative clause on родственниценаatна · prepositionpreposition marking станциистанцииstationстанция · noun, locative, feminine, singularoblique complement of служилжелезнойrailwayжелезный · adjective, genitive, feminine, singularmodifies дорогидорогиrailwayдорога · noun, genitive, feminine, singularmodifies станциитойthat veryтот · determiner, genitive, feminine, singulardeterminer of самойсамойveryсамый · adjective, genitive, feminine, singularmodifies the second станцииближайшейnearestблизкий · adjective, genitive, feminine, singular, superlativecoordinated with самой, modifies the second станцииотtoот · prepositionpreposition marking городанашегоourнаш · determiner, genitive, masculine, singulardeterminer of городагородаtownгород · noun, genitive, masculine, singularoblique complement of ближайшейстанцииstationстанция · noun, genitive, feminine, singularappositive, in apposition to the earlier станциисfromс · prepositionpreposition marking которойкоторойwhichкоторый · pronoun, instrumental, feminine, singularoblique complement of отправилсяИванIvanиван · proper noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of отправилсяФедоровичFyodorovichфёдорович · proper noun, nominative, masculine, singulardepends on ИванКарамазовKaramazovкарамазов · proper noun, nominative, masculine, singulardepends on Иванмесяцa monthмесяц · noun, accusative, masculine, singularpart of the phrase спустяспустяlaterспустя · preposition (postposition)postposition governing месяц, modifies отправилсяотправилсяset outотправиться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfectiverelative clause on которойвforв · prepositionpreposition marking МосквуМосквуMoscowмосква · proper noun, accusative, feminine, singularoblique complement of отправился - 31
There Kolya began by inspecting the railway in every detail and studying its workings, understanding that with this new knowledge of his he could shine, once he returned home, among the schoolboys of his gymnasium.
Тамthereтам · adverbmodifies началКоляKolyaколя · proper noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of началначалbeganначать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceсbyс · prepositionpreposition marking тоготогоthe factтот · pronoun, genitive, neuter, singularoblique complement of началчтоthatчто · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of огляделогляделlooked overоглядеть · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectiveclause modifying тогожелезнуюrailwayжелезный · adjective, accusative, feminine, singularmodifies дорогудорогуrailwayдорога · noun, accusative, feminine, singulardirect object of огляделвinв · prepositionpreposition marking подробностиподробностиdetailподробность · noun, accusative, feminine, pluraloblique complement of огляделизучилstudiedизучить · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivecoordinated with огляделраспорядкиworkingsраспорядок · noun, accusative, masculine, pluraldirect object of изучилпонимаяunderstandingпонимать · verb, present, active, converb, imperfectiveadverbial clause on изучилчтоthatчто · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of можетновымиnewновый · adjective, instrumental, pluralmodifies знаниямизнаниямиknowledgeзнание · noun, instrumental, neuter, pluraloblique complement of блеснутьсвоимиhisсвой · determiner, instrumental, pluraldeterminer of знаниямиможетcouldмочь · verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfectiveclausal complement of понимаяблеснутьshineблеснуть · verb, active, infinitive, perfectivecomplement of можетвозвратясьonce he returnedвозвратиться · verb, past, active, converb, perfectiveadverbial clause on блеснутьдомойhomeдомой · adverbmodifies возвратясьмеждуamongмежду · prepositionpreposition marking школьникамишкольникамиschoolboysшкольник · noun, instrumental, masculine, pluraloblique complement of блеснутьсвоейhisсвой · determiner, genitive, feminine, singulardeterminer of прогимназиипрогимназииgymnasiumпрогимназия · noun, genitive, feminine, singularmodifies школьниками - 32
But there happened to be just then several other boys as well, with whom he fell in; some of them lived at the station, others nearby — in all, of young folk between twelve and fifteen years old, some six or seven gathered together, and of these two happened to be from our little town as well.
Ноbutно · conjunctionlinks the coordinationнашлисьthere turned out to beнайтись · verb, past, indicative, middle, plural, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceтамthereтам · adverbmodifies нашлиськакjustкак · particlepart of the phrase разразat that veryраз · particlepart of the phrase как, modifies времявatв · prepositionpreposition marking времятоthatтот · determiner, accusative, neuter, singulardeterminer of времявремяtimeвремя · noun, accusative, neuter, singularoblique complement of нашлисьиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationещеseveral moreещё · adverbmodifies нескольконесколькоseveralнесколько · numeral, nominativedepends on мальчиковмальчиковboysмальчик · noun, genitive, masculine, pluralsubject of нашлисьсwithс · prepositionpreposition marking которымикоторымиwhomкоторый · pronoun, instrumental, pluraloblique complement of сошелсяонheон · pronoun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of сошелсяиtooи · particleemphatic particle, modifies сошелсясошелсяfell inсойтись · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfectiverelative clause on мальчиководниsomeодин · determiner, nominative, pluralsubject of проживалиизofиз · prepositionpreposition marking нихнихthemон · pronoun, genitive, pluralmodifies однипроживалиlivedпроживать · verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfectivecoordinated with нашлисьнаatна · prepositionpreposition marking станциистанцииthe stationстанция · noun, locative, feminine, singularoblique complement of проживалидругиеothersдругой · determiner, nominative, pluralsubject of an elided проживали, coordinated with однипоnearbyпо · prepositionpreposition marking соседствусоседствуnearbyсоседство · noun, dative, neuter, singularoblique complement of повсегоin allвесь · determiner, genitive, masculine, singulardeterminer of народамолодогоyoungмолодой · adjective, genitive, masculine, singularmodifies народанародаfolkнарод · noun, genitive, masculine, singularpartitive complement of сошлосьотfromот · prepositionpreposition marking двенадцатидвенадцатиtwelveдвенадцать · numeral, genitivemodifies народадоtoдо · prepositionpreposition marking летпятнадцатиfifteenпятнадцать · numeral, genitivequantifies летлетyearsгод · noun, genitive, masculine, pluraloblique complement of досошлосьgatheredсойтись · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfectivecoordinated with нашлисьчеловекpeopleчеловек · noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of сошлосьшестьsixшесть · numeral, nominativemodifies человекилиorили · conjunctionlinks the coordinationсемьsevenсемь · numeral, nominativecoordinated with шестьаandа · conjunctionlinks the coordinationизofиз · prepositionpreposition marking нихнихthemон · pronoun, genitive, pluraloblique complement of случилисьдвоеtwoдвое · numeral, nominativesubject of случилисьслучилисьhappened to beслучиться · verb, past, indicative, middle, plural, perfectivecoordinated with нашлисьиalsoи · particleemphatic particle, modifies из нашего городкаизfromиз · prepositionpreposition marking городканашегоourнаш · determiner, genitive, masculine, singulardeterminer of городкагородкаlittle townгородок · noun, genitive, masculine, singularoblique complement of случились - 33
The boys played and made mischief together, and there, on the fourth or fifth day of the visit at the station, a most impossible wager of two rubles was struck among this foolish youth — namely: Kolya, almost the youngest of them all and therefore somewhat despised by the elder ones, out of vanity or out of brazen daring, proposed that he, at night, when the eleven-o'clock train came in, would lie face down between the rails and lie there motionless while the train roared over him at full steam.
Мальчикиboysмальчик · noun, nominative, masculine, pluralsubject of играливместеtogetherвместе · adverbmodifies игралиигралиplayedиграть · verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfectivemain verb of the sentenceшалилиmade mischiefшалить · verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfectivecoordinated with игралииandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationвотthereвот · particlemodifies состоялосьнаonна · prepositionpreposition marking деньчетвертыйfourthчетвёртый · adjective, accusative, masculine, singularmodifies деньилиorили · conjunctionlinks четвертый and пятыйнаonна · prepositionpreposition marking деньпятыйfifthпятый · adjective, accusative, masculine, singularmodifies деньденьdayдень · noun, accusative, masculine, singularoblique complement of состоялосьгощенияof the visitгощение · noun, genitive, neuter, singularmodifies деньнаatна · prepositionpreposition marking станциистанцииthe stationстанция · noun, locative, feminine, singularoblique complement of гощениясостоялосьtook placeсостояться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfectivecoordinated with игралимеждуamongмежду · prepositionpreposition marking молодежьюглупоюfoolishглупый · adjective, instrumental, feminine, singularmodifies молодежьюмолодежьюyouthмолодёжь · noun, instrumental, feminine, singularoblique complement of состоялосьодноaодин · numeral, nominative, neuter, singularquantifies парипреневозможноеmost impossibleпреневозможный · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies парипариwagerпари · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of состоялосьвofв · prepositionpreposition marking рублядваtwoдва · numeral, accusative, masculinedepends on рублярубляrublesрубль · noun, genitive, masculine, singularmodifies париименноnamelyименно · particlemodifies КоляКоляKolyaКоля · proper noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of предложилпочтиalmostпочти · adverbmodifies младшийизоofиз · prepositionpreposition marking всехвсехallвесь · pronoun, genitive, pluralmodifies младшиймладшийyoungestмладший · adjective, nominative, masculine, singulardescribes Коляаandа · conjunctionlinks the coordinationпотомуthereforeпотому · adverbmodifies презираемыйнесколькоsomewhatнесколько · adverbmodifies презираемыйпрезираемыйdespisedпрезирать · verb, present, passive, participle, masculine, singular, nominative, imperfectivedescribes Коля, coordinated with младшийстаршимиby the elder onesстарший · noun, instrumental, masculine, pluralagent of презираемыйизout ofиз · prepositionpreposition marking самолюбиясамолюбияvanityсамолюбие · noun, genitive, neuter, singularreason for предложилилиorили · conjunctionlinks the coordinationизout ofиз · prepositionpreposition marking отвагибеспардоннойbrazenбеспардонный · adjective, genitive, feminine, singularmodifies отвагиотвагиdaringотвага · noun, genitive, feminine, singularcoordinated with самолюбияпредложилproposedпредложить · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivemain clause verb, coordinated with состоялосьчтоthatчто · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ляжетонheон · pronoun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of ляжетночьюat nightночь · noun, instrumental, feminine, singularmodifies ляжеткогдаwhenкогда · adverbintroduces the clause of придетпридетcame inприйти · verb, future, indicative, active, third, singular, perfectiveadverbial clause on ляжетодиннадцатичасовойeleven-o'clockодиннадцатичасовой · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularmodifies поездпоездtrainпоезд · noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of придетляжетwould lieлечь · verb, future, indicative, active, third, singular, perfectiveclausal complement of предложилмеждуbetweenмежду · prepositionpreposition marking рельсамирельсамиthe railsрельс · noun, instrumental, masculine, pluraloblique complement of ляжетничкомface downничком · adverbmodifies ляжетиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationпролежитwould lie thereпролежать · verb, future, indicative, active, third, singular, perfectivecoordinated with ляжетнедвижимоmotionlessнедвижимо · adverbmodifies пролежитпокаwhileпока · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of пронесетсяпоездthe trainпоезд · noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of пронесетсяпронесетсяroared overпронестись · verb, future, indicative, middle, third, singular, perfectiveadverbial clause on пролежитнадoverнад · prepositionpreposition marking нимнимhimон · pronoun, instrumental, masculine, singularoblique complement of пронесетсянаatна · prepositionpreposition marking парахвсехfullвесь · determiner, locative, pluraldeterminer of парахпарахsteamпар · noun, locative, feminine, pluraloblique complement of пронесется«на всех парах» is an idiom meaning 'at full steam/full speed'.
- 34
True, a preliminary study had been made, from which it emerged that one really could stretch out and flatten oneself lengthwise between the rails in such a way that the train, of course, would rush over without touching the one lying there — but, all the same, to lie there!
Правдаtrueправда · adverbparenthetical, modifies сделаносделаноwas madeсделать · verb, past, passive, participle, neuter, singular, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceбылоwasбыть · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivepassive auxiliary of сделанопредварительноеpreliminaryпредварительный · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies изучениеизучениеstudyизучение · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of passive сделаноизfromиз · prepositionpreposition marking которогокоторогоwhichкоторый · pronoun, genitive, masculine, singularoblique complement of оказалосьоказалосьit emergedоказаться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfectiverelative clause on изучениечтоthatчто · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of можнодействительноreallyдействительно · adverbmodifies можноможноone couldможно · adverbclausal complement of оказалосьтакsoтак · adverbmodifies протянутьсяпротянутьсяstretch outпротянуться · verb, middle, infinitive, perfectivedepends on можноиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationсплющитьсяflatten oneselfсплющиться · verb, middle, infinitive, perfectivecoordinated with протянутьсявдольlengthwiseвдоль · adverbmodifies сплющитьсямеждуbetweenмежду · prepositionpreposition marking рельсамирельсамиthe railsрельс · noun, instrumental, masculine, pluraloblique complement of сплющитьсячтоthatчто · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of пронесетсяпоездthe trainпоезд · noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of пронесетсяконечноof courseконечно · adverbparenthetical, modifies пронесетсяпронесетсяwould rush overпронестись · verb, future, indicative, middle, third, singular, perfectiveclausal complement of оказалосьиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationнеnotне · particlemodifies заденетзаденетtouchзадеть · verb, future, indicative, active, third, singular, perfectivecoordinated with пронесетсялежащегоthe one lying thereлежать · verb, present, active, participle, masculine, singular, accusative, imperfectivedirect object of заденетноbutно · conjunctionlinks the coordinationоднакоall the sameоднако · adverbparenthetical, modifies каковожеstillже · particlemodifies однакокаковоwhat a thingкаково · predicative pronoun, neuter, singularmain predicate of the exclamationпролежатьto lie thereпролежать · verb, active, infinitive, perfectivedepends on каково - 35
Kolya insisted firmly that he would lie there.
КоляKolyaКоля · proper noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of стоялстоялstood firmстоять · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivemain verb of the sentenceтвердоfirmlyтвёрдо · adverbmodifies стоялчтоthatчто · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of пролежитпролежитwould lie thereпролежать · verb, future, indicative, active, third, singular, perfectiveclausal complement of стоял - 36
At first they laughed at him, called him a little liar and a braggart, but that only egged him on the more.
Надatнад · prepositionpreposition marking нимнимhimон · pronoun, instrumental, masculine, singularoblique complement of смеялисьсначалаat firstсначала · adverbmodifies смеялисьсмеялисьlaughedсмеяться · verb, past, indicative, middle, plural, imperfectivemain verb of the sentenceзвалиcalledзвать · verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfectivecoordinated with смеялисьлгунишкойa little liarлгунишка · noun, instrumental, masculine, singularcomplement of звалифанфарономa braggartфанфарон · noun, instrumental, masculine, singularcoordinated with лгунишкойноbutно · conjunctionlinks the coordinationтемall theтот · pronoun, instrumental, neuter, singularintensifies пущепущеmoreпуще · adverb, comparativemodifies подзадорилиегоhimон · pronoun, accusative, masculine, singulardirect object of подзадорилиподзадорилиegged onподзадорить · verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfectivecoordinated with смеялись - 37
The main thing was that these fifteen-year-olds had turned up their noses at him too haughtily and at first had even refused to count him as a comrade, as a 'little one,' which was already unbearably insulting.
Главноеthe main thingглавное · noun, nominative, neuter, singularparenthetical, modifies задиралиэтиtheseэтот · determiner, nominative, pluraldeterminer of пятнадцатилетниепятнадцатилетниеfifteen-year-oldsпятнадцатилетний · noun, nominative, masculine, pluralsubject of задиралислишкомtooслишком · adverbmodifies задиралиужmuchуж · particlemodifies задирализадиралиturned upзадирать · verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfectivemain verb of the sentenceпредbeforeперед · prepositionpreposition marking нимнимhimон · pronoun, instrumental, masculine, singularoblique complement of задиралиносnoseнос · noun, accusative, masculine, singulardirect object of задиралииandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationсперваat firstсперва · adverbmodifies хотелидажеevenдаже · particlemodifies хотелинеnotне · particlemodifies хотелихотелиwantedхотеть · verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfectivecoordinated with задиралисчитатьto countсчитать · verb, active, infinitive, imperfectivecomplement of хотелиегоhimон · pronoun, accusative, masculine, singulardirect object of считатьтоварищемa comradeтоварищ · noun, instrumental, masculine, singularcomplement of считатькакasкак · particleintroduces маленького (comparative)маленькогоa little oneмаленький · adjective, genitive, masculine, singularcoordinated with товарищем, complement of считатьчтоwhichчто · pronoun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of обиднобылоwasбыть · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecopula linking to обидноужеalreadyуже · adverbmodifies нестерпимонестерпимоunbearablyнестерпимо · adverbmodifies обиднообидноinsultingобидно · predicative adverb, neuterpredicate complement of было - 38
And so it was decided to set out toward evening, a verst from the station, so that the train, having pulled away from the station, would already have built up its full speed.
Иandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationвотsoвот · particlemodifies решенорешеноwas decidedрешить · verb, past, passive, participle, neuter, singular, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceбылоwasбыть · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivepassive auxiliary of решеноотправитьсяto set outотправиться · verb, middle, infinitive, perfectivedepends on решеносfromс · prepositionpreposition marking вечеравечераeveningвечер · noun, genitive, masculine, singularoblique complement of отправитьсязаa distance ofза · prepositionpreposition marking верстуверстуa verstверста · noun, accusative, feminine, singularoblique complement of отправитьсяотfromот · prepositionpreposition marking станциистанцииthe stationстанция · noun, genitive, feminine, singularoblique complement of отправитьсячтобыso thatчтобы · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of успелпоездthe trainпоезд · noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of успелснявшисьhaving pulled awayсняться · verb, past, middle, converb, perfectiveadverbial clause on успелсоfromс · prepositionpreposition marking станциистанцииthe stationстанция · noun, genitive, feminine, singularoblique complement of снявшисьуспелhad managedуспеть · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivemain verb of the чтобы-clauseужеalreadyуже · adverbmodifies совсемсовсемcompletelyсовсем · adverbmodifies разбежатьсяразбежатьсяto gain speedразбежаться · verb, middle, infinitive, imperfectivecomplement of успел - 39
The boys gathered.
Мальчишкиthe boysмальчишка · noun, nominative, masculine, pluralsubject of собралисьсобралисьgatheredсобраться · verb, past, indicative, middle, plural, perfectivemain verb of the sentence - 40
The night that came was moonless — not so much dark as almost black.
Ночьthe nightночь · noun, nominative, feminine, singularsubject of насталанасталаfellнастать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceбезлуннаяmoonlessбезлунный · adjective, nominative, feminine, singulardescribes Ночьнеnotне · particlemodifies тотоso muchто · pronoun, nominative, neuter, singularcorrelative with а почти чернаячтоasчто · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of темнаятемнаяdarkтёмный · adjective, nominative, feminine, singularmodifies тоаbutа · conjunctionlinks the coordinationпочтиalmostпочти · adverbmodifies чернаячернаяblackчёрный · adjective, nominative, feminine, singularcoordinated with темная - 41
At the appointed hour Kolya lay down between the rails.
Вatв · prepositionpreposition marking часнадлежащийappointedнадлежащий · adjective, accusative, masculine, singularmodifies часчасhourчас · noun, accusative, masculine, singularoblique complement of легКоляKolyaКоля · proper noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of леглегlay downлечь · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceмеждуbetweenмежду · prepositionpreposition marking рельсамирельсамиthe railsрельс · noun, instrumental, masculine, pluraloblique complement of лег - 42
The other five, who had laid the wager, waited with sinking hearts — and at last in terror and remorse — down below the embankment, in the bushes beside the line.
Пятероfiveпятеро · numeral, nominativesubject of ждалиостальныхof the othersостальной · adjective (used as noun), genitive, pluralmodifies Пятеродержавшихwho had laidдержать · verb, past, active, participle, plural, genitive, imperfectiveclause modifying остальныхпариthe wagerпари · noun, accusative, neuter, singulardirect object of державшихсwithс · prepositionpreposition marking замираниемзамираниемsinkingзамирание · noun, instrumental, neuter, singularoblique complement of ждалисердцаof heartсердце · noun, genitive, neuter, singularmodifies замираниемаandа · conjunctionlinks the coordinationнаконецat lastнаконец · adverbmodifies страхевinв · prepositionpreposition marking страхестрахеterrorстрах · noun, locative, masculine, singularcoordinated with замираниемиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationсwithс · prepositionpreposition marking раскаяниемраскаяниемremorseраскаяние · noun, instrumental, neuter, singularcoordinated with замираниемждалиwaitedждать · verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfectivemain verb of the sentenceвнизуdown belowвнизу · adverbmodifies ждалинасыпиthe embankmentнасыпь · noun, genitive, feminine, singularoblique complement of внизуподлеbesideподле · prepositionpreposition marking дорогидорогиthe lineдорога · noun, genitive, feminine, singularoblique complement of подлевinв · prepositionpreposition marking кустахкустахthe bushesкуст · noun, locative, masculine, pluraloblique complement of ждали - 43
At last the train thundered in the distance, having pulled out from the station.
Наконецat lastнаконец · adverbmodifies загремелзагремелthunderedзагреметь · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceвдалиin the distanceвдали · adverbmodifies загремелпоездthe trainпоезд · noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of загремелснявшийсяhaving pulled awayсняться · verb, past, active, participle, masculine, singular, nominative, perfectiveclause modifying поездсоfromс · prepositionpreposition marking станциистанцииthe stationстанция · noun, genitive, feminine, singularoblique complement of снявшийся - 44
Two red lanterns flashed out of the darkness, and the approaching monster came roaring on.
Засверкалиflashedзасверкать · verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceизout ofиз · prepositionpreposition marking тьмытьмыthe darknessтьма · noun, genitive, feminine, singularoblique complement of Засверкалидваtwoдва · numeral, nominative, masculinedepends on фонарякрасныеredкрасный · adjective, pluralmodifies фонаряфонаряlanternsфонарь · noun, genitive, masculine, singularsubject of Засверкализагрохоталоcame roaring onзагрохотать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivecoordinated with Засверкалиприближающеесяapproachingприближаться · verb, present, active, participle, neuter, singular, nominative, imperfectivemodifies чудовищечудовищеmonsterчудовище · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of загрохотало - 45
'Run, run, get off the rails!' the boys, dying of fear, shouted to Kolya from the bushes — but it was already too late: the train bore down and tore past.
Бегиrunбежать · verb, imperative, active, second, singular, imperfectiveimperative, repeated for emphasisбегиrunбежать · verb, imperative, active, second, singular, imperfectiverepeats Беги for emphasisдолойawayдолой · adverbmodifies бегисoffс · prepositionpreposition marking рельсовзакричалиshoutedзакричать · verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceКолеto KolyaКоля · proper noun, dative, masculine, singularindirect object of закричалиизfromиз · prepositionpreposition marking кустовкустовthe bushesкуст · noun, genitive, masculine, pluraloblique complement of закричалиумиравшиеdyingумирать · verb, past, active, participle, plural, nominative, imperfectiveclause modifying мальчишкиотofот · prepositionpreposition marking страхастрахаfearстрах · noun, genitive, masculine, singularoblique complement of умиравшиемальчишкиthe boysмальчишка · noun, nominative, masculine, pluralsubject of закричалиноbutно · conjunctionlinks the coordinationбылоwasбыть · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecopula linking to поздноужеalreadyуже · adverbmodifies позднопоздноtoo lateпоздно · adverbpredicate complement of былопоездthe trainпоезд · noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of наскакалнаскакалbore downнаскакать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivemain verb, coordinated with промчалсяиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationпромчалсяtore pastпромчаться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfectivecoordinated with наскакалмимоpastмимо · adverbmodifies промчался - 46
The boys rushed to Kolya: he lay motionless.
Мальчишкиthe boysмальчишка · noun, nominative, masculine, pluralsubject of бросилисьбросилисьrushedброситься · verb, past, indicative, middle, plural, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceкtoк · prepositionpreposition marking КолеКолеKolyaКоля · proper noun, dative, masculine, singularoblique complement of бросилисьонheон · pronoun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of лежаллежалlayлежать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivemain verb of the following clauseнедвижимоmotionlessнедвижимо · adverbmodifies лежал - 47
They began to tug at him, started to lift him up.
Ониtheyони · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of сталисталиbeganстать · verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceегоhimон · pronoun, accusative, masculine, singulardirect object of теребитьтеребитьto tug atтеребить · verb, active, infinitive, imperfectivecomplement of сталиначалиstartedначать · verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfectivecoordinated with сталиподыматьto liftподымать · verb, active, infinitive, imperfectivecomplement of начали - 48
Suddenly he rose and walked down the embankment in silence.
Онheон · pronoun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of поднялсявдругsuddenlyвдруг · adverbmodifies поднялсяподнялсяroseподняться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationмолчаsilentlyмолча · adverbmodifies сошелсошелwalked downсойти · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivecoordinated with поднялсясdownс · prepositionpreposition marking насыпинасыпиthe embankmentнасыпь · noun, genitive, feminine, singularoblique complement of сошел - 49
Having come down, he announced that he had deliberately lain as if unconscious in order to frighten them, but the truth was that he had in fact lost consciousness, as he himself confessed afterward, long after, to his mama.
Сойдяhaving come downсойти · verb, past, active, converb, perfectiveadverbial clause on объявилвнизdownвниз · adverbmodifies Сойдяонheон · pronoun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of объявилобъявилannouncedобъявить · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceчтоthatчто · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of лежалнарочноdeliberatelyнарочно · adverbmodifies лежаллежалhad lainлежать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectiveclausal complement of объявилкакas ifкак · particlemarks the comparison без чувствбезwithoutбез · prepositionpreposition marking чувствчувствconsciousnessчувство · noun, genitive, neuter, pluraloblique complement of лежалчтобso as toчтоб · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of испугатьихthemони · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of испугатьиспугатьto frightenиспугать · verb, active, infinitive, perfectiveadverbial clause on лежалноbutно · conjunctionlinks the coordinationправдаthe truthправда · noun, nominative, feminine, singularsubject of былабылаwasбыть · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecopula linking to томвinв · prepositionpreposition marking томтомthe factтот · pronoun, locative, neuter, singularpredicate complement of былачтоthatчто · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of лишилсяонheон · pronoun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of лишилсяиindeedи · particleemphatic particle modifying в самом делевinв · prepositionpreposition marking делесамомveryсамый · adjective, locative, neuter, singularmodifies деледелеfactдело · noun, locative, neuter, singularoblique complement of лишилсялишилсяhad lostлишиться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfectiveclause modifying томчувствconsciousnessчувство · noun, genitive, neuter, pluraldirect object of лишилсякакasкак · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of призналсяиindeedи · particlemodifies призналсяпризналсяconfessedпризнаться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfectiveadverbial clause on лишилсяпотомafterwardпотом · adverbmodifies призналсясамhimselfсам · pronoun, nominative, masculine, singularmodifies признался, in apposition to онужеalreadyуже · adverbmodifies долгодолгоlongдолго · adverbmodifies спустяспустяafterспустя · preposition (postposed)governs долго, modifies призналсясвоейhisсвой · determiner, dative, feminine, singulardeterminer of мамемамеmotherмама · noun, dative, feminine, singularindirect object of признался - 50
In this way the reputation of a 'desperate fellow' attached itself to him forever.
Такимin thisтакой · determiner, instrumental, masculine, singulardeterminer of образомобразомwayобраз · noun, instrumental, masculine, singularoblique complement of укрепиласьславаthe reputationслава · noun, nominative, feminine, singularsubject of укрепиласьотчаянногоof a desperate fellowотчаянный · adjective (used as noun), genitive, masculine, singularmodifies славазаtoза · prepositionpreposition marking нимнимhimон · pronoun, instrumental, masculine, singularoblique complement of укрепиласьукрепиласьattached itselfукрепиться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceнавекиforeverнавеки · adverbmodifies укрепилась - 51
He came back home to the station pale as a sheet.
Воротилсяcame backворотиться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceонheон · pronoun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of Воротилсядомойhomeдомой · adverbmodifies Воротилсянаtoна · prepositionpreposition marking станциюстанциюthe stationстанция · noun, accusative, feminine, singularoblique complement of Воротилсябледныйpaleбледный · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularpredicate adjective describing онкакasкак · comparative conjunctionintroduces the comparison полотнополотноa sheetполотно · noun, nominative, neuter, singularobject of comparison with бледный - 52
The next day he fell slightly ill with a nervous fever, but in spirit he was frightfully cheerful, glad, and content.
Наonна · prepositionpreposition marking деньдругойthe nextдругой · adjective, accusative, masculine, singularmodifies деньденьdayдень · noun, accusative, masculine, singularoblique complement of заболелзаболелfell illзаболеть · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceслегкаslightlyслегка · adverbmodifies заболелнервноюnervousнервный · adjective, instrumental, feminine, singularmodifies лихорадкойлихорадкойfeverлихорадка · noun, instrumental, feminine, singularoblique complement of заболелноbutно · conjunctionlinks the coordinationдухомin spiritдух · noun, instrumental, masculine, singularmodifies веселбылwasбыть · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecopula linking to веселужасноterriblyужасно · adverbmodifies веселвеселcheerfulвесёлый · adjective, masculine, singularpredicate adjective after былрадgladрад · adjective, masculine, singularcoordinated with веселиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationдоволенcontentдовольный · adjective, masculine, singularcoordinated with рад - 53
The affair did not come to light at once, but only later, in our town; it made its way into the gymnasium and reached the ears of its authorities.
Происшествиеthe affairпроисшествие · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of огласилосьогласилосьcame to lightогласиться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceнеnotне · particlemodifies сейчассейчасat onceсейчас · adverbmodifies огласилосьаbutа · conjunctionlinks the coordinationужеonly laterуже · adverbmodifies огласилось (elliptical, only later)вinв · prepositionpreposition marking городенашемourнаш · determiner, locative, masculine, singulardeterminer of городегородеtownгород · noun, locative, masculine, singularoblique complement of огласилосьпрониклоmade its wayпроникнуть · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivecoordinated with огласилосьвintoв · prepositionpreposition marking прогимназиюпрогимназиюthe gymnasiumпрогимназия · noun, accusative, feminine, singularoblique complement of прониклоиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationдостиглоreachedдостигнуть · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivecoordinated with огласилосьдоtoдо · prepositionpreposition marking начальстваееitsона · determinerdeterminer of начальстваначальстваauthoritiesначальство · noun, genitive, neuter, singularoblique complement of достигло - 54
But here Kolya's mama threw herself into pleading with the authorities on behalf of her boy, and it ended with the respected and influential teacher Dardanelov standing up for him and interceding for him, so the matter was let drop, as if it had never happened at all.
Ноbutно · conjunctionlinks the coordinationтутhereтут · adverbmodifies бросиласьмаменькаmamaмаменька · noun, nominative, feminine, singularsubject of бросиласьКолиKolya'sКоля · proper noun, genitive, masculine, singularpossessive modifier of маменькабросиласьthrew herselfброситься · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceмолитьto plead withмолить · verb, active, infinitive, imperfectivecomplement of бросиласьначальствоthe authoritiesначальство · noun, accusative, neuter, singulardirect object of молитьзаforза · prepositionpreposition marking мальчикасвоегоherсвой · determiner, accusative, masculine, singulardeterminer of мальчикамальчикаboyмальчик · noun, accusative, masculine, singularoblique complement of молитьиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationкончилаendedкончить · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivecoordinated with бросиласьтемwith thisтот · pronoun, instrumental, neuter, singularoblique complement of кончилачтоthatчто · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of отстоялегоhimон · pronoun, accusative, masculine, singulardirect object of отстоялотстоялstood up forотстоять · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectiveclausal complement of темиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationупросилintercededупросить · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivecoordinated with отстоялзаforза · prepositionpreposition marking негонегоhimон · pronoun, accusative, masculine, singularoblique complement of упросилуважаемыйrespectedуважаемый · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularmodifies учительиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationвлиятельныйinfluentialвлиятельный · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularcoordinated with уважаемыйучительteacherучитель · noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of отстоял and упросилДарданеловDardanelovДарданелов · proper noun, nominative, masculine, singularin apposition to учительиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationделоthe matterдело · noun, accusative, neuter, singulardirect object of оставилиоставилиlet dropоставить · verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfectivecoordinated with кончилавтунеunattendedвтуне · adverbmodifies оставиливтуне is an archaic bookish adverb meaning 'to no avail, left unattended.'
какasкак · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of бывшеенеnotне · particlemodifies бывшеебывшееhaving beenбыть · verb, past, active, participle, neuter, singular, nominative, imperfectiveclause modifying втуневовсеat allвовсе · adverbmodifies бывшее - 55
This Dardanelov, a bachelor and not an old man, had been passionately and for many years now in love with Madame Krassotkina, and once already, about a year before, had ventured — most respectfully, and dying of fear and delicacy — to offer her his hand; but she had refused flatly, considering that to consent would be a betrayal of her boy, although Dardanelov, by certain mysterious signs, might even, perhaps, have had some right to dream that he was not altogether repugnant to the charming but all too chaste and tender little widow.
Этотthisэтот · determiner, nominative, masculine, singulardeterminer of ДарданеловДарданеловDardanelovДарданелов · proper noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of влюбленчеловекa manчеловек · noun, nominative, masculine, singularin apposition to Дарданеловхолостойunmarriedхолостой · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularmodifies человекиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationнестарыйnot oldнестарый · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularcoordinated with холостойбылwasбыть · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecopula linking to влюбленстрастноpassionatelyстрастно · adverbmodifies влюблениandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationужеalreadyуже · adverbmodifies многолетнемноголетнеfor many yearsмноголетне · adverbcoordinated with страстновлюбленin loveвлюблённый · adjective, short form, masculine, singularhead of the phraseвwithв · prepositionpreposition marking госпожугоспожуMadameгоспожа · noun, accusative, feminine, singularoblique complement of влюбленКрасоткинуKrassotkinaКрасоткина · proper noun, accusative, feminine, singularin apposition to госпожуиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationужеalreadyуже · adverbmodifies разразonceраз · adverbmodifies рискнулназадagoназад · adverbmodifies томутомуbeforeтот · pronoun, dative, neuter, singularpart of idiom тому назадтому назад is a fixed idiom meaning 'ago.'
сaboutс · prepositionpreposition marking годгодa yearгод · noun, accusative, masculine, singularmodifies томупочтительнейшеmost respectfullyпочтительно · adverb, superlativemodifies предложитьиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationзамираяtremblingзамирать · verb, present, active, converb, imperfectiveadverbial clause on рискнулотfromот · prepositionpreposition marking страхастрахаfearстрах · noun, genitive, masculine, singularmodifies замираяиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationделикатностиdelicacyделикатность · noun, genitive, feminine, singularcoordinated with страхарискнулventuredрискнуть · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivecoordinated with влюбленбылоstarted toбыло · particlemodifies рискнул (attempted action)был/было after a past-tense verb marks an action begun then interrupted or abandoned.
предложитьto offerпредложить · verb, active, infinitive, perfectivecomplement of рискнулейherона · pronoun, dative, feminine, singularindirect object of предложитьсвоюhisсвой · determiner, accusative, feminine, singulardeterminer of рукурукуhandрука · noun, accusative, feminine, singulardirect object of предложитьноbutно · conjunctionlinks the coordinationонаsheона · pronoun, nominative, feminine, singularsubject of отказаланаотрезflatlyнаотрез · adverbmodifies отказалаотказалаrefusedотказать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivemain verb of the second clauseсчитаяconsideringсчитать · verb, present, active, converb, imperfectiveadverbial clause on отказаласогласиеconsentсогласие · noun, accusative, neuter, singulardirect object of считаяизменойa betrayalизмена · noun, instrumental, feminine, singularpredicate complement of считаясвоемуherсвой · determiner, dative, masculine, singulardeterminer of мальчикумальчикуboyмальчик · noun, dative, masculine, singularmodifies изменойхотяalthoughхотя · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of имелДарданеловDardanelovДарданелов · proper noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of имелпоbyпо · prepositionpreposition marking признакамнекоторымcertainнекоторый · determiner, dative, pluraldeterminer of признакамтаинственнымmysteriousтаинственный · adjective, dative, pluralmodifies признакампризнакамsignsпризнак · noun, dative, masculine, pluraloblique complement of имелдажеevenдаже · particlemodifies имелможетperhapsмочь · verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfectiveparenthetical modifying имелможет быть is a fixed parenthetical phrase meaning 'perhaps.'
бытьbeбыть · verb, active, infinitive, imperfectivecomplement of можетимелhadиметь · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecoordinated with влюбленбыwouldбы · conditional particlemarks conditional mood of имелнекотороеsomeнекоторый · determiner, accusative, neuter, singulardeterminer of правоправоrightправо · noun, accusative, neuter, singulardirect object of имелмечтатьto dreamмечтать · verb, active, infinitive, imperfectivemodifies правочтоthatчто · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of противенонheон · pronoun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of противеннеnotне · particlemodifies совсемсовсемentirelyсовсем · adverbmodifies противенпротивенrepugnantпротивный · adjective, short form, masculine, singularclausal complement of мечтатьпрелестнойcharmingпрелестный · adjective, dative, feminine, singularmodifies вдовиценоbutно · conjunctionlinks the coordinationужеtooуже · adverbmodifies слишкомслишкомtooслишком · adverbmodifies целомудреннойцеломудреннойchasteцеломудренный · adjective, dative, feminine, singularcoordinated with прелестнойиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationнежнойtenderнежный · adjective, dative, feminine, singularcoordinated with прелестнойвдовицеwidowвдовица · noun, dative, feminine, singularindirect object of противен - 56
Kolya's mad prank seems to have broken the ice, and for his intercession Dardanelov was given a hint of hope — a distant one, true — but then Dardanelov himself was a phenomenon of purity and delicacy, and so even that much was, for the time being, enough for the fullness of his happiness.
Сумасшедшаяmadсумасшедший · adjective, nominative, feminine, singularmodifies шалостьшалостьprankшалость · noun, nominative, feminine, singularsubject of пробилаКолиKolya'sКоля · proper noun, genitive, masculine, singularpossessive modifier of шалостькажетсяseemsказаться · verb, present, indicative, middle, third, singular, imperfectiveparenthetical modifying пробилапробилаbrokeпробить · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceледthe iceлёд · noun, accusative, masculine, singulardirect object of пробилаиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationДарданеловуDardanelovДарданелов · proper noun, dative, masculine, singularindirect object of сделанзаforза · prepositionpreposition marking заступничествоегоhisон · determinerdeterminer of заступничествозаступничествоintercessionзаступничество · noun, accusative, neuter, singularoblique complement of сделансделанwas madeсделать · verb, past, passive, participle, masculine, singular, perfectivecoordinated with пробилабылwasбыть · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivepassive auxiliary of сделаннамекa hintнамёк · noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of passive сделаноofо · prepositionpreposition marking надежденадеждеhopeнадежда · noun, locative, feminine, singularmodifies намекправдаtrueправда · parenthetical particleparenthetical modifying отдаленныйотдаленныйdistantотдалённый · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularmodifies намекноbutно · conjunctionlinks the coordinationиalsoи · particlemodifies самсамhimselfсам · pronoun, nominative, masculine, singularmodifies ДарданеловДарданеловDardanelovДарданелов · proper noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of былбылwasбыть · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecopula linking to феноменомфеноменомa phenomenonфеномен · noun, instrumental, masculine, singularpredicate complement of былчистотыof purityчистота · noun, genitive, feminine, singularmodifies феноменомиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationделикатностиdelicacyделикатность · noun, genitive, feminine, singularcoordinated with чистотыаand soа · conjunctionlinks the coordinationпотомуthereforeпотому · adverbmodifies былосfromс · prepositionpreposition marking негонегоfrom himон · pronoun, genitive, masculine, singularmodifies довольноиevenи · particleemphasizes тоготогоthat muchтот · pronoun, genitive, neuter, singularsubject of довольнобылоwasбыть · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecopula linking to довольнопокаместfor nowпокамест · adverbmodifies былодовольноenoughдовольно · adverbpredicate complement of былодляforдля · prepositionpreposition marking полнотыполнотыthe fullnessполнота · noun, genitive, feminine, singularoblique complement of довольноегоhisон · determinerdeterminer of счастиясчастияhappinessсчастие · noun, genitive, neuter, singularmodifies полноты - 57
He loved the boy, though he would have thought it demeaning to curry favor with him, and treated him strictly and exactingly in class.
Мальчикаthe boyмальчик · noun, accusative, masculine, singulardirect object of любилонheон · pronoun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of любиллюбилlovedлюбить · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivemain verb of the sentenceхотяthoughхотя · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of считалсчиталwould have thoughtсчитать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectiveadverbial clause on любилбыwouldбы · conditional particlemarks conditional mood of считалунизительнымdemeaningунизительный · adjective, instrumental, masculine, singularcomplement of считалпредbeforeпред · prepositionpreposition marking нимнимhimон · pronoun, instrumental, masculine, singularoblique complement of заискиватьзаискиватьto curry favorзаискивать · verb, active, infinitive, imperfectivecomplement of считалиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationотносилсяtreatedотноситься · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, imperfectivecoordinated with любилкtowardк · prepositionpreposition marking немунемуhimон · pronoun, dative, masculine, singularoblique complement of относилсявinв · prepositionpreposition marking классахклассахclassкласс · noun, locative, masculine, pluraloblique complement of относилсястрогоstrictlyстрого · adverbmodifies относилсяиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationтребовательноexactinglyтребовательно · adverbcoordinated with строго - 58
But Kolya, for his part, kept him too at a respectful distance, prepared his lessons splendidly, was second in his class, addressed Dardanelov drily, and the whole class firmly believed that in world history Kolya was so strong that he could 'best' Dardanelov himself.
Ноbutно · conjunctionlinks the coordinationКоляKolyaКоля · proper noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of держалиtooи · particlemodifies самсамhimselfсам · pronoun, nominative, masculine, singularmodifies Коля (emphatic)держалkeptдержать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivemain verb of the sentenceегоhimон · pronoun, accusative, masculine, singulardirect object of держалнаatна · prepositionpreposition marking расстояниипочтительномrespectfulпочтительный · adjective, locative, neuter, singularmodifies расстояниирасстоянииdistanceрасстояние · noun, locative, neuter, singularoblique complement of держалурокиlessonsурок · noun, accusative, masculine, pluraldirect object of готовилготовилpreparedготовить · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecoordinated with держалотличноexcellentlyотлично · adverbmodifies готовилбылwasбыть · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecoordinated with держалвinв · prepositionpreposition marking классеклассеclassкласс · noun, locative, masculine, singularoblique complement of былвторымsecondвторой · adjective, instrumental, masculine, singularmodifies ученикомученикомpupilученик · noun, instrumental, masculine, singularpredicate complement of былобращалсяaddressedобращаться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, imperfectivecoordinated with держалкtoк · prepositionpreposition marking ДарданеловуДарданеловуDardanelovДарданелов · proper noun, dative, masculine, singularoblique complement of обращалсясухоdrilyсухо · adverbmodifies обращалсяиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationвесьthe wholeвесь · determiner, nominative, masculine, singulardeterminer of классклассclassкласс · noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of верилтвердоfirmlyтвердо · adverbmodifies верилверилbelievedверить · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecoordinated with держалчтоthatчто · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of силенвоinв · prepositionpreposition marking историивсемирнойworldвсемирный · adjective, locative, feminine, singularmodifies историиисторииhistoryистория · noun, locative, feminine, singularoblique complement of силенКоляKolyaКоля · proper noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of силентакsoтак · adverbmodifies силенсиленstrongсильный · adjective, short form, masculine, singularclausal complement of верилчтоthatчто · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of собьетсобьетcould bestсбить · verb, future, indicative, active, third, singular, perfectiveclausal complement of силенсамогоthe veryсамый · pronoun, accusative, masculine, singularmodifies ДарданеловаДарданеловаDardanelovДарданелов · proper noun, accusative, masculine, singulardirect object of собьет - 59
And indeed, Kolya once put a question to him: 'Who founded Troy?' — to which Dardanelov replied only in general terms, about peoples, their movements and migrations, about the depths of antiquity, about legend, but as to who exactly founded Troy — that is, what particular persons — he could not answer, and even found the question, for some reason, idle and unfounded.
Иandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationдействительноindeedдействительно · adverbparenthetical modifying задалКоляKolyaКоля · proper noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of задалзадалputзадать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceемуhimон · pronoun, dative, masculine, singularindirect object of задалразonceраз · adverbmodifies задалвопросa questionвопрос · noun, accusative, masculine, singulardirect object of задалКтоwhoкто · pronoun, nominativesubject of основалосновалfoundedосновать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectiveclausal complement of вопросТрою?»TroyТроя · proper noun, accusative, feminine, singulardirect object of основалнаtoна · prepositionpreposition marking чточтоwhichчто · pronoun, accusative, neuter, singularoblique complement of отвечалДарданеловDardanelovДарданелов · proper noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of отвечалотвечалrepliedотвечать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivemain verb of the second clauseлишьonlyлишь · particlemodifies вообщевообщеin general termsвообще · adverbmodifies отвечалпроaboutпро · prepositionpreposition marking народынародыpeoplesнарод · noun, accusative, masculine, pluraloblique complement of отвечалихtheirони · determinerdeterminer of движениядвиженияmovementsдвижение · noun, genitive, neuter, singularcoordinated with народыиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationпереселенияmigrationsпереселение · noun, genitive, neuter, singularcoordinated with движенияпроaboutпро · prepositionpreposition marking глубинуглубинуthe depthглубина · noun, accusative, feminine, singularcoordinated with народывременof agesвремя · noun, genitive, neuter, pluralmodifies глубинупроaboutпро · prepositionpreposition marking баснословиебаснословиеlegendбаснословие · noun, accusative, neuter, singularcoordinated with народыноbutно · conjunctionlinks the coordinationнаas toна · prepositionpreposition marking тотоthatто · pronoun, accusative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ответитьктоwhoкто · pronoun, nominativesubject of основалименноexactlyименно · particlemodifies ктоосновалfoundedосновать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectiverelative clause on тоТроюTroyТроя · proper noun, accusative, feminine, singulardirect object of основалтоthat isто · conjunctionpart of phrase то естьто есть is a fixed phrase meaning 'that is (to say).'
естьisбыть · verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfectivepart of phrase то естькакиеwhatкакой · determiner, nominative, pluraldeterminer of лицаименноexactlyименно · particlemodifies какиелицаpersonsлицо · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralin apposition to то (clarifying)ответитьto answerответить · verb, active, infinitive, perfectivecomplement of могнеnotне · particlemodifies могмогcouldмочь · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecoordinated with отвечалиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationдажеevenдаже · particlemodifies нашелвопросthe questionвопрос · noun, accusative, masculine, singulardirect object of нашелнашелfoundнайти · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivecoordinated with отвечалпочемуfor someпочему-то · adverbpart of phrase почему-топочему-то is a fixed phrase meaning 'for some reason.'
тоreasonпочему-то · particlepart of phrase почему-топразднымidleпраздный · adjective, instrumental, neuter, singularcomplement of нашелиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationнесостоятельнымunfoundedнесостоятельный · adjective, instrumental, neuter, singularcoordinated with праздным - 60
But the boys remained convinced that Dardanelov did not know who founded Troy.
НоButно · conjunctionlinks the coordinationмальчикиthe boysмальчик · noun, nominative, masculine, pluralsubject of осталисьтакsimplyтак · adverbpart of the idiom так и, modifies осталисьтак и остались = idiom, "still simply remained".
иstillи · particlepart of the idiom так и, modifies осталисьосталисьremainedостаться · verb, past, indicative, middle, plural, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceвinв · prepositionpreposition marking уверенностиуверенностиconvictionуверенность · noun, locative, feminine, singularoblique complement of осталисьчтоthatчто · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the complement clause of уверенностиДарданеловDardanelovДарданелов · proper noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of знаетнеnotне · particlemodifies знаетзнаетknowзнать · verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfectiveverb of the что-clause, complement of уверенностиктоwhoкто · pronoun, nominativesubject of основалосновалfoundedосновать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectiveclausal complement of знаетТроюTroyТроя · proper noun, accusative, feminine, singulardirect object of основал - 61
Kolya, for his part, had read about the founders of Troy in Smaragdov, who was kept in the cabinet of books that had been left after his father.
КоляKolyaКоля · proper noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of вычиталжеfor his partже · particlemodifies Колявычиталhad readвычитать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceобaboutоб · prepositionpreposition marking основателяхоснователяхthe foundersоснователь · noun, locative, masculine, pluraloblique complement of вычиталТроиof TroyТроя · proper noun, genitive, feminine, singularmodifies основателяхуinу · prepositionpreposition marking СмарагдоваСмарагдоваSmaragdovСмарагдов · proper noun, genitive, masculine, singularoblique complement of вычиталхранившегосяwhich was keptхраниться · verb, past, active, participle, masculine, singular, genitive, imperfectiveparticipial clause modifying Смарагдовахранившегося is a past active participle of храниться, agreeing genitive with Смарагдова.
вinв · prepositionpreposition marking шкапешкапеthe cabinetшкап · noun, locative, masculine, singularoblique complement of хранившегосясwithс · prepositionpreposition marking книгамикнигамиbooksкнига · noun, instrumental, feminine, pluralmodifies шкапекоторыйthatкоторый · pronoun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of осталсяосталсяwas leftостаться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfectiverelative clause on шкапепослеafterпосле · prepositionpreposition marking родителяродителяhis fatherродитель · noun, genitive, masculine, singularoblique complement of остался - 62
It ended with all the boys, even, being at last curious to know just who had founded Troy, but Krassotkin would not give away his secret, and the reputation of knowledge remained his, unshakable.
КончилосьIt endedкончиться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceтемwith thisтот · pronoun, instrumental, neuter, singularoblique complement of Кончилосьчтоthatчто · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of сталовсехallвесь · determiner, accusative, pluraldeterminer of мальчиковдажеevenдаже · particlemodifies мальчиковмальчиковthe boysмальчик · noun, accusative, masculine, pluraldirect object of интересоватьсталоbecameстать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective, impersonalmain verb of the что-clauseнаконецat lastнаконец · adverbmodifies интересоватьинтересоватьof interestинтересовать · verb, active, infinitive, imperfectivecomplement of сталоктоwhoкто · pronoun, nominativesubject of основалжindeedже · particlemodifies ктоElided colloquial form of же.
именноexactlyименно · particlemodifies ктоосновалhad foundedосновать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectiveclausal subject of интересоватьТроюTroyТроя · proper noun, accusative, feminine, singulardirect object of основалноbutно · conjunctionlinks the coordinationКрасоткинKrassotkinКрасоткин · proper noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of открывалсвоегоhisсвой · determiner, genitive, masculine, singulardeterminer of секретасекретаsecretсекрет · noun, genitive, masculine, singulardirect object of открывалнеnotне · particlemodifies открывалоткрывалwould give awayоткрывать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecoordinated with стало, in the но-clauseиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationславаthe fameслава · noun, nominative, feminine, singularsubject of оставаласьзнанияof his knowledgeзнание · noun, genitive, neuter, singularmodifies славаоставаласьremainedоставаться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, imperfectivecoordinated with открывалзаtoза · prepositionpreposition marking нимнимhimон · pronoun, instrumental, masculine, singularoblique complement of оставаласьнезыблемоunshakablyнезыблемо · adverbmodifies оставалась - 63
After the affair on the railway a certain change came over Kolya's relations with his mother.
ПослеAfterпосле · prepositionpreposition marking случаяслучаяthe affairслучай · noun, genitive, masculine, singularoblique complement of произошланаonна · prepositionpreposition marking дорогежелезнойrailwayжелезный · adjective, locative, feminine, singularmodifies дорогедорогеthe railwayдорога · noun, locative, feminine, singularmodifies случаяуofу · prepositionpreposition marking КолиКолиKolya'sКоля · proper noun, genitive, masculine, singularmodifies отношенияхвinв · prepositionpreposition marking отношенияхотношенияхrelationsотношение · noun, locative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of произошлакwithк · prepositionpreposition marking материматериhis motherмать · noun, dative, feminine, singularmodifies отношенияхпроизошлаcame overпроизойти · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceнекотораяa certainнекоторый · determiner, nominative, feminine, singulardeterminer of переменапеременаchangeперемена · noun, nominative, feminine, singularsubject of произошла - 64
When Anna Fyodorovna (the widow Krassotkina) learned of her son's exploit, she nearly went out of her mind with horror.
КогдаWhenкогда · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of узналаАннаAnnaАнна · proper noun, nominative, feminine, singularsubject of узналаФедоровнаFyodorovnaФедоровна · proper noun, nominative, feminine, singularin apposition to Аннавдоваthe widowвдова · noun, nominative, feminine, singularin apposition to АннаКрасоткинаKrassotkinaКрасоткина · proper noun, nominative, feminine, singulardepends on вдоваузналаlearnedузнать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectiveverb of the когда-clauseоofо · prepositionpreposition marking подвигеподвигеthe exploitподвиг · noun, locative, masculine, singularoblique complement of узналасынкаher son'sсынок · noun, genitive, masculine, singularmodifies подвигетоthenто · conjunctioncorrelative introducing the main clauseчутьnearlyчуть · adverbpart of the idiom чуть не, modifies сошланеnearlyне · particlepart of the idiom чуть не, modifies сошласошлаwentсойти · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceсout ofс · prepositionpreposition marking умаумаher mindум · noun, genitive, masculine, singularoblique complement of сошлаотwithот · prepositionpreposition marking ужасаужасаhorrorужас · noun, genitive, masculine, singularoblique complement of сошла - 65
She fell into such fearful hysterical fits, lasting on and off for several days, that Kolya, now seriously frightened, gave her his word of honor and his solemn promise that such pranks would never again be repeated.
Сwithс · prepositionpreposition marking нейнейherона · pronoun, instrumental, feminine, singularoblique complement of сделалисьсделалисьcameсделаться · verb, past, indicative, middle, plural, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceтакиеsuchтакой · determiner, nominative, pluraldeterminer of припадкистрашныеfearfulстрашный · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies припадкиистерическиеhystericalистерический · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies припадкиприпадкиfitsприпадок · noun, nominative, masculine, pluralsubject of сделалисьпродолжавшиесяlastingпродолжаться · verb, past, active, participle, plural, nominative, imperfectiveclause modifying припадкисwithс · prepositionpreposition marking перемежкамиперемежкамиintervalsперемежка · noun, instrumental, feminine, pluraloblique complement of продолжавшиесянесколькоseveralнесколько · numeral, accusativedepends on днейднейdaysдень · noun, genitive, masculine, pluraloblique complement of продолжавшиесячтоthatчто · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the result clause of далиспуганныйfrightenedиспугать · verb, past, passive, participle, masculine, singular, nominative, perfectivemodifies Коляужеnowуже · adverbmodifies серьезносерьезноseriouslyсерьезно · adverbmodifies испуганныйКоляKolyaКоля · proper noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of далдалgaveдать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivemain verb of the что-clauseейherона · pronoun, dative, feminine, singularindirect object of далчестноеhonestчестный · adjective, accusative, neuter, singularmodifies словоиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationблагородноеnobleблагородный · adjective, accusative, neuter, singularcoordinated with честноесловоwordслово · noun, accusative, neuter, singulardirect object of далчтоthatчто · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of повторитсяподобныхsuchподобный · adjective, genitive, pluralmodifies шалостейшалостейpranksшалость · noun, genitive, feminine, pluralsubject of повторитсяужеeverуже · adverbmodifies никогданикогдаneverникогда · adverbmodifies повторитсянеnotне · particlemodifies повторитсяповторитсяwould be repeatedповториться · verb, future, indicative, middle, third, singular, perfectiveclause modifying слово - 66
He swore on his knees before the icon, and swore by his father's memory, as Madame Krassotkina herself demanded, whereupon the 'manly' Kolya himself burst into tears like a six-year-old boy, out of 'feelings,' and mother and son threw themselves into each other's arms all that day and wept, shaking.
ОнHeон · pronoun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of поклялсяпоклялсяsworeпоклясться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceнаonна · prepositionpreposition marking коленяхколеняхhis kneesколено · noun, locative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of поклялсяпредbeforeпред · prepositionpreposition marking образомобразомthe iconобраз · noun, instrumental, masculine, singularoblique complement of поклялсяиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationпоклялсяsworeпоклясться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfectivecoordinated with поклялсяпамятьюthe memoryпамять · noun, instrumental, feminine, singularoblique complement of поклялсяотцаof his fatherотец · noun, genitive, masculine, singularmodifies памятьюкакasкак · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of потребовалапотребовалаdemandedпотребовать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectiveadverbial clause on поклялсясамаherselfсам · adjective, nominative, feminine, singularmodifies госпожагоспожаMadameгоспожа · noun, nominative, feminine, singularsubject of потребовалаКрасоткинаKrassotkinaКрасоткина · proper noun, nominative, feminine, singularin apposition to госпожапричемwhereuponпричём · conjunctionlinks the coordinationмужественныйmanlyмужественный · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularmodifies КоляКоляKolyaКоля · proper noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of расплакалсясамhimselfсам · pronoun, nominative, masculine, singularmodifies Колярасплакалсяburst into tearsрасплакаться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfectivemain verb of the причем-clauseкакlikeкак · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the comparison мальчикшестилетнийsix-year-oldшестилетний · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularmodifies мальчикмальчикa boyмальчик · noun, nominative, masculine, singularcomplement of как, comparandum for Коляотout ofот · prepositionpreposition marking чувствчувствfeelingsчувство · noun, genitive, neuter, pluraloblique complement of расплакалсяиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationматьhis motherмать · noun, nominative, feminine, singularsubject of бросались, coordinated with сыниandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationсынsonсын · noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of бросались, coordinated with матьвоduringв · prepositionpreposition marking деньвесьallвесь · determiner, accusative, masculine, singulardeterminer of деньтотthatтот · determiner, accusative, masculine, singulardeterminer of деньденьdayдень · noun, accusative, masculine, singularoblique complement of бросалисьбросалисьthrew themselvesбросаться · verb, past, indicative, middle, plural, imperfectivemain verb, coordinated with плакалидругeachдруг · pronoun, nominativepart of the phrase друг другу, modifies бросалисьдругуotherдруг · pronoun, dativepart of the phrase друг другувintoв · prepositionpreposition marking объятияобъятияarmsобъятие · noun, accusative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of бросалисьиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationплакалиweptплакать · verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfectivecoordinated with бросалисьсотрясаясьshakingсотрясаться · verb, present, middle, converb, imperfectiveadverbial complement of плакали - 67
The next day Kolya woke up 'unfeeling' as before, yet he had grown more silent, more modest, sterner, more thoughtful.
НаOnна · prepositionpreposition marking деньдругойthe nextдругой · adjective, accusative, masculine, singularmodifies деньденьdayдень · noun, accusative, masculine, singularoblique complement of проснулсяКоляKolyaКоля · proper noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of проснулсяпроснулсяwoke upпроснуться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceпоasпо-прежнему · adverbpart of the phrase по-прежнему, modifies бесчувственнымпрежнемуbeforeпо-прежнему · adverbpart of the phrase по-прежнему, modifies бесчувственнымбесчувственнымunfeelingбесчувственный · adjective, instrumental, masculine, singularcomplement of проснулсяоднакоyetоднако · conjunctionlinks the coordinationсталhad grownстать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivecoordinated with проснулсямолчаливееmore silentмолчаливый · adjective, comparativecomplement of сталскромнееmore modestскромный · adjective, comparativecoordinated with молчаливеестрожеsternerстрогий · adjective, comparativecoordinated with молчаливеезадумчивееmore thoughtfulзадумчивый · adjective, comparativecoordinated with молчаливее - 68
True, about a month and a half later he was caught again in some prank, and his name became known even to our justice of the peace, but this prank was of an altogether different sort, even comical and silly, and besides, as it turned out, he had not committed it himself but only found himself mixed up in it.
ПравдаTrueправда · adverbparenthetical to попалсямесяцаa monthмесяц · noun, genitive, masculine, singularmodifies полторачрезafterчрез · prepositionpreposition marking полтораполтораand a halfполтора · numeral, accusative, masculinecomplement of чрезонheон · pronoun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of попалсяопятьagainопять · adverbmodifies попалсябылоnearlyбыть · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivemarks near-occurrence, modifies попалсяпопалсяwas caughtпопасться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceвinв · prepositionpreposition marking шалостиоднойsomeодин · determiner, locative, feminine, singularquantifies шалостишалостиa prankшалость · noun, locative, feminine, singularoblique complement of попалсяиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationимяhis nameимя · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of сделалосьегоhisон · pronoun, genitive, masculine, singulardeterminer of имясделалосьbecameсделаться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfectivecoordinated with попалсядажеevenдаже · particlemodifies известнымизвестнымknownизвестный · adjective, instrumental, neuter, singularpredicate complement of сделалосьнашемуourнаш · determiner, dative, masculine, singulardeterminer of судьемировомуjustice-of-the-peaceмировой · adjective, dative, masculine, singularmodifies судьесудьеjudgeсудья · noun, dative, masculine, singularindirect object of сделалосьноbutно · conjunctionlinks the coordinationшалостьthe prankшалость · noun, nominative, feminine, singularsubject of былабылаwasбыть · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecopula linking to родеужеnowуже · adverbmodifies совсемсовсемquiteсовсем · adverbmodifies родевofв · prepositionpreposition marking родедругомa differentдругой · adjective, locative, masculine, singularmodifies родеродеsortрод · noun, locative, masculine, singularpredicate complement of быладажеevenдаже · particlemodifies смешнаясмешнаяcomicalсмешной · adjective, nominative, feminine, singularpredicate adjective describing шалость, coordinated with глупенькаяиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationглупенькаяsillyглупенький · adjective, nominative, feminine, singularcoordinated with смешнаядаandда · conjunctionlinks the coordinationиbesidesи · particlepart of the phrase да инеnotне · particlemodifies самсамhimselfсам · pronoun, nominative, masculine, singularmodifies он, subject of совершилонheон · pronoun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of совершилкакasкак · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of оказалосьоказалосьit turned outоказаться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfectiveparenthetical clauseсовершилhad committedсовершить · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivecoordinated with попался, negated by неееitона · pronoun, accusative, feminine, singulardirect object of совершилаbutа · conjunctionlinks the coordinationтолькоonlyтолько · particlemodifies очутилсяочутилсяfound himselfочутиться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfectivecoordinated with совершилвinв · prepositionpreposition marking неенееitона · pronoun, accusative, feminine, singularoblique complement of очутилсязамешаннымmixed upзамешанный · adjective, instrumental, masculine, singularcomplement of очутился - 69
But of this some other time.
НоButно · conjunctionlinks the coordinationобofоб · prepositionpreposition marking этомэтомthisэто · pronoun, locative, neuter, singulartopic of the elided verb (fragment)какsomeкак-нибудь · adverbpart of the phrase как-нибудьнибудьotherкак-нибудь · adverbpart of the phrase как-нибудьпослеtimeпосле · adverbmodifies как-нибудь - 70
His mother went on trembling and tormenting herself, while Dardanelov, in proportion to her anxieties, took up more and more hope.
МатьHis motherмать · noun, nominative, feminine, singularsubject of продолжалапродолжалаwent onпродолжать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivemain verb of the sentenceтрепетатьtremblingтрепетать · verb, active, infinitive, imperfectivecomplement of продолжалаиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationмучитьсяtormenting herselfмучиться · verb, middle, infinitive, imperfectivecoordinated with трепетатьаwhileа · conjunctionlinks the coordinationДарданеловDardanelovДарданелов · proper noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of воспринималпоin proportion toпо · prepositionpreposition marking меремереproportionмера · noun, dative, feminine, singularpart of the phrase по меретревогanxietiesтревога · noun, genitive, feminine, pluralcomplement of по мереееherона · pronoun, genitive, feminine, singulardeterminer of тревогвсёeverвсё · particlemodifies болееболееmoreболее · adverbmodifies воспринималиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationболееmoreболее · adverbcoordinated with болеевоспринималtook upвоспринимать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecoordinated with продолжаланадеждуhopeнадежда · noun, accusative, feminine, singulardirect object of воспринимал - 71
It should be noted that Kolya understood and read Dardanelov from this side, and, of course, deeply despised him for his 'feelings'; earlier he had even had the indelicacy to display this contempt of his before his mother, hinting to her from a distance that he understood what Dardanelov was after.
НадоIt shouldнадо · adverb, predicativehead of the phraseзаметитьbe notedзаметить · verb, active, infinitive, perfectivedepends on Надочтоthatчто · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of понималКоляKolyaКоля · proper noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of понималпонималunderstoodпонимать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectiveclausal complement of заметитьиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationразгадывалfigured outразгадывать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecoordinated with понималсfromс · prepositionpreposition marking стороныэтойthisэтот · determiner, genitive, feminine, singulardeterminer of стороныстороныsideсторона · noun, genitive, feminine, singularoblique complement of разгадывалДарданеловаDardanelovДарданелов · proper noun, genitive, masculine, singulardirect object of разгадывалиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationужofуж · particlemodifies разумеетсяразумеетсяcourseразуметься · verb, present, indicative, middle, third, singular, imperfectiveparenthetical modifying презиралглубокоdeeplyглубоко · adverbmodifies презиралпрезиралdespisedпрезирать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecoordinated with понималегоhimон · pronoun, accusative, masculine, singulardirect object of презиралзаforза · prepositionpreposition marking чувстваегоhisон · determiner, accusative, neuter, pluraldeterminer of чувствачувстваfeelingsчувство · noun, accusative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of презиралпреждеearlierпрежде · adverbmodifies имелдажеevenдаже · particlemodifies имелимелhadиметь · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecoordinated with понималнеделикатностьthe indelicacyнеделикатность · noun, accusative, feminine, singulardirect object of имелвыказыватьto displayвыказывать · verb, active, infinitive, imperfectivecomplement of неделикатностьэтоthisэто · determiner, accusative, neuter, singulardeterminer of презрениепрезрениеcontemptпрезрение · noun, accusative, neuter, singulardirect object of выказыватьсвоеhis ownсвой · determiner, accusative, neuter, singulardeterminer of презрениепредbeforeпред · prepositionpreposition marking матерьюматерьюhis motherмать · noun, instrumental, feminine, singularoblique complement of выказыватьотдаленноdistantlyотдаленно · adverbmodifies намекаянамекаяhintingнамекать · verb, present, active, converb, imperfectiveadverbial clause on выказыватьейto herона · pronoun, dative, feminine, singularindirect object of намекаячтоthatчто · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of понимаетпонимаетunderstoodпонимать · verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfectiveclausal complement of намекаячегоwhatчто · pronoun, genitive, neuter, singulardirect object of добиваетсядобиваетсяwas afterдобиваться · verb, present, indicative, middle, third, singular, imperfectiveclausal complement of понимаетДарданеловDardanelovДарданелов · proper noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of добивается - 72
But after the affair on the railway he changed his conduct on this score as well: he no longer permitted himself any hints, even the most distant ones, and began to speak of Dardanelov before his mother more respectfully — which the sensitive Anna Fyodorovna at once grasped with boundless gratitude in her heart; yet at the slightest, most accidental word about Dardanelov, even from some outside guest, if Kolya happened to be present, she would suddenly flush all over with shame, like a rose.
Ноbutно · conjunctionlinks the sentence to the previous oneпослеafterпосле · prepositionpreposition marking случаяслучаяthe affairслучай · noun, genitive, masculine, singularobject of preposition посленаonна · prepositionpreposition marking дорогежелезнойrailwayжелезный · adjective, locative, feminine, singularmodifies дорогедорогеrailwayдорога · noun, locative, feminine, singularobject of preposition на, modifies случаяонheон · pronoun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of изменилиalsoи · particlemodifies на этот счетнаonна · prepositionpreposition marking счетэтотthisэтот · determiner, accusative, masculine, singulardeterminer of счетсчетscoreсчёт · noun, accusative, masculine, singularoblique complement of изменилизменилchangedизменить · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivemain verb of the sentenceсвоеhisсвой · determiner, accusative, neuter, singulardeterminer of поведениеповедениеconductповедение · noun, accusative, neuter, singulardirect object of изменилнамековhintsнамёк · noun, genitive, masculine, pluraldirect object of позволял (genitive under negation)себеhimselfсебя · pronoun, dativeindirect object of позволялужеanyуже · adverbmodifies болееболееlongerболее · adverbmodifies позволялнеnotне · particlemodifies позволялпозволялpermittedпозволять · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecoordinated with изменил, explains itдажеevenдаже · particlemodifies самыхсамыхmostсамый · adjective, genitive, pluralmodifies отдаленныхотдаленныхdistantотдалённый · adjective, genitive, pluralmodifies намековаandа · conjunctionlinks the coordinationоaboutо · prepositionpreposition marking ДарданеловеДарданеловеDardanelovДарданелов · proper noun, locative, masculine, singularoblique complement of отзыватьсяприbeforeпри · prepositionpreposition marking материматериhis motherмать · noun, locative, feminine, singularoblique complement of отзыватьсясталbeganстать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivecoordinated with позволялотзыватьсяto speakотзываться · verb, middle, infinitive, imperfectivecomplement of сталпочтительнееmore respectfullyпочтительно · adverb, comparativemodifies отзыватьсячтоwhichчто · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the relative clause on стал отзыватьсятотчасat onceтотчас · adverbmodifies понялажеindeedже · particlemodifies тотчассwithс · prepositionpreposition marking благодарностьюбеспредельноюboundlessбеспредельный · adjective, instrumental, feminine, singularmodifies благодарностьюArchaic feminine instrumental singular ending -ою (modern -ой).
благодарностьюgratitudeблагодарность · noun, instrumental, feminine, singularoblique complement of понялавinв · prepositionpreposition marking сердцесердцеheartсердце · noun, prepositional, neuter, singularoblique complement of поняласвоемher ownсвой · determiner, prepositional, neuter, singulardeterminer of сердцепонялаgraspedпонять · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectiverelative clause on стал отзыватьсячуткаяsensitiveчуткий · adjective, nominative, feminine, singularmodifies АннаАннаAnnaАнна · proper noun, nominative, feminine, singularsubject of понялаФедоровнаFyodorovnaФедоровна · proper noun, nominative, feminine, singulardepends on Аннаноbutно · conjunctionlinks the coordinationзатоyetзато · conjunctionlinks the coordinationприatпри · prepositionpreposition marking словемалейшемslightestмалейший · adjective, locative, neuter, singularmodifies словесамомmostсамый · adjective, locative, neuter, singularmodifies нечаянномнечаянномaccidentalнечаянный · adjective, locative, neuter, singularmodifies слове, coordinated with малейшемсловеwordслово · noun, locative, neuter, singularoblique complement of вспыхиваладажеevenдаже · particlemodifies гостяотfromот · prepositionpreposition marking гостяпостороннегоoutsideпосторонний · adjective, genitive, masculine, singularmodifies гостякакогоsomeкакой · determiner, genitive, masculine, singulardeterminer of гостянибудь(indefinite)нибудь · indefinite particleforms какой-нибудь with какогогостяguestгость · noun, genitive, masculine, singularobject of preposition от, modifies словеоaboutо · prepositionpreposition marking ДарданеловеДарданеловеDardanelovДарданелов · proper noun, locative, masculine, singularmodifies словееслиifесли · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of находилсяприatпри · prepositionpreposition marking этомэтомthat momentэто · pronoun, locative, neuter, singularoblique complement of находилсянаходилсяwas presentнаходиться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, imperfectiveadverbial clause on вспыхивалаКоляKolyaКоля · proper noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of находилсявдругsuddenlyвдруг · adverbmodifies вспыхивалавсяall overвесь · determiner, nominative, feminine, singularsubject of вспыхивала (referring to Anna Fyodorovna)вспыхивалаwould flushвспыхивать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivemain verb of the final clauseотwithот · prepositionpreposition marking стыдастыдаshameстыд · noun, genitive, masculine, singularoblique complement of вспыхивалакакlikeкак · subordinating conjunctionintroduces comparison розарозаa roseроза · noun, nominative, feminine, singularoblique complement of вспыхивала (comparison) - 73
Kolya, for his part, in such moments either looked frowning out the window, or examined whether his boots were 'asking for porridge,' or fiercely called for Perezvon — a shaggy, rather large, mangy dog that he had suddenly acquired from somewhere about a month before, dragged into the house, and kept for some reason a secret in the rooms, showing it to none of his comrades.
КоляKolyaКоля · proper noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of смотрелжеfor his partже · particlemodifies Колявinв · prepositionpreposition marking мгновенияэтиtheseэтот · determiner, accusative, pluraldeterminer of мгновениямгновенияmomentsмгновение · noun, accusative, neuter, pluraltemporal complement of смотрелилиeitherили · conjunctionlinks the coordinationсмотрелlookedсмотреть · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivemain verb of the sentenceнахмуренноfrowningнахмуренно · adverbmodifies смотрелвoutв · prepositionpreposition marking окноокноthe windowокно · noun, accusative, neuter, singularoblique complement of смотрелилиorили · conjunctionlinks the coordinationразглядывалexaminedразглядывать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecoordinated with смотрелнеnotне · particlemodifies просятпросятare askingпросить · verb, present, indicative, active, third, plural, imperfectiveclausal complement of разглядываллиwhetherли · particlemodifies просятуofу · prepositionpreposition marking негонегоhisон · pronoun, genitive, masculine, singularoblique complement of просятсапогиbootsсапог · noun, nominative, masculine, pluralsubject of просятIdiom "сапоги каши просят": worn-out boots "ask for porridge," i.e. are falling apart.
кашиporridgeкаша · noun, genitive, feminine, singulardirect object of просятилиorили · conjunctionlinks the coordinationсвирепоfiercelyсвирепо · adverbmodifies звалзвалcalledзвать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecoordinated with смотрелПерезвонаPerezvonПерезвон · proper noun, accusative, masculine, singulardirect object of зваллохматуюshaggyлохматый · adjective, accusative, feminine, singularmodifies собакудовольноratherдовольно · adverbmodifies большуюбольшуюlargeбольшой · adjective, accusative, feminine, singularmodifies собаку, coordinated with лохматуюиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationпаршивуюmangyпаршивый · adjective, accusative, feminine, singularmodifies собакусобакуdogсобака · noun, accusative, feminine, singularin apposition to Перезвонакоторуюthatкоторый · pronoun, accusative, feminine, singulardirect object of приобрелсaboutс · prepositionpreposition marking месяц (approximation)месяцa monthмесяц · noun, accusative, masculine, singulartemporal complement of приобрелвдругsuddenlyвдруг · adverbmodifies приобрелоткудаfrom somewhereоткуда · adverbmodifies приобрелто(indefinite)то · indefinite particleforms откуда-то with откудаприобрелhad acquiredприобрести · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectiverelative clause on собакувтащилdraggedвтащить · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivecoordinated with приобрелвintoв · prepositionpreposition marking домдомthe houseдом · noun, accusative, masculine, singularoblique complement of втащилиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationдержалkeptдержать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecoordinated with втащилпочемуfor someпочему · adverbmodifies держалтоreasonто · indefinite particleforms почему-то with почемувinв · prepositionpreposition marking секретесекретеsecretсекрет · noun, locative, masculine, singularoblique complement of держалвinв · prepositionpreposition marking комнатахкомнатахthe roomsкомната · noun, locative, feminine, pluraloblique complement of держалникомуto no oneникто · pronoun, dativeindirect object of показываяееitона · pronoun, accusative, feminine, singulardirect object of показываянеnotне · particlemodifies показываяпоказываяshowingпоказывать · verb, present, active, converb, imperfectiveadverbial clause on держализtoиз · prepositionpreposition marking товарищейтоварищейhis comradesтоварищ · noun, genitive, masculine, pluraloblique complement of показывая - 74
He tyrannized it dreadfully, training it in all sorts of tricks and lessons, and brought the poor dog to such a state that it would howl without him when he was away at his classes, and when he came home would squeal with delight, bound about like a creature half mad, beg, throw itself to the ground and play dead, and so on — in a word, show off all the tricks it had been taught, no longer on command but solely out of the ardor of its rapturous feelings and its grateful heart.
Тиранилtyrannizedтиранить · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivemain verb of the sentenceжеindeedже · particlemodifies Тиранилужасноdreadfullyужасно · adverbmodifies Тиранилобучаяtrainingобучать · verb, present, active, converb, imperfectiveadverbial clause on Тиранилееitона · pronoun, accusative, feminine, singulardirect object of обучаявсякимall sorts ofвсякий · adjective, dative, feminine, pluralmodifies штукамштукамtricksштука · noun, dative, feminine, pluralindirect object of обучаяиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationнаукамlessonsнаука · noun, dative, feminine, pluralcoordinated with штукамиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationдовелbroughtдовести · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectivecoordinated with Тиранилбеднуюpoorбедный · adjective, accusative, feminine, singularmodifies собакусобакуdogсобака · noun, accusative, feminine, singulardirect object of довелдоtoдо · prepositionpreposition marking тоготогоsuch a pointтот · pronoun, genitive, neuter, singularoblique complement of довелчтоthatчто · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of вылатаitтот · determiner, nominative, feminine, singularsubject of вылавылаwould howlвыть · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectiveclause modifying тогобезwithoutбез · prepositionpreposition marking негонегоhimон · pronoun, genitive, masculine, singularoblique complement of вылакогдаwhenкогда · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of отлучалсяонheон · pronoun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of отлучалсяотлучалсяwas awayотлучаться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, imperfectiveadverbial clause on вылавatв · prepositionpreposition marking классыклассыclassesкласс · noun, accusative, masculine, pluraloblique complement of отлучалсяаandа · conjunctionlinks the coordinationкогдаwhenкогда · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of приходилприходилcame homeприходить · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectiveadverbial clause on визжалавизжалаwould squealвизжать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecoordinated with вылаотwithот · prepositionpreposition marking восторгавосторгаdelightвосторг · noun, genitive, masculine, singularoblique complement of визжаласкакалаbounded aboutскакать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecoordinated with визжалакакlikeкак · subordinating conjunctionintroduces comparison полоумнаяполоумнаяa half-mad creatureполоумный · adjective, nominative, feminine, singularoblique complement of скакала (comparison)служилаbeggedслужить · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecoordinated with скакалавалиласьthrew itself downвалиться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, imperfectivecoordinated with служиланаtoна · prepositionpreposition marking землюземлюthe groundземля · noun, accusative, feminine, singularoblique complement of валиласьиandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationпритворяласьplayedпритворяться · verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, imperfectivecoordinated with валиласьмертвоюdeadмёртвый · adjective, instrumental, feminine, singularoblique complement of притворяласьArchaic feminine instrumental singular ending -ою (modern -ой).
иandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationпрочso onпрочее · noun, accusative, neuter, singular (abbreviated)closes the list begun at служила, coordinated with мертвою"и проч." is an abbreviation of "и прочее" ("etcetera").
словомin a wordслово · noun, instrumental, neuter, singularparenthetical, introduces показывалапоказывалаshowed offпоказывать · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivemain verb of the sentenceвсеallвесь · determiner, accusative, pluraldeterminer of штукиштукиtricksштука · noun, accusative, feminine, pluraldirect object of показывалакоторымwhichкоторый · pronoun, dative, pluralindirect object of обучилиееitона · pronoun, accusative, feminine, singulardirect object of обучилиобучилиhad been taughtобучить · verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfectiverelative clause on штукиужеno longerуже · adverbmodifies по требованиюнеnotне · particlemodifies по требованиюпоbyпо · prepositionpreposition marking требованиютребованиюcommandтребование · noun, dative, neuter, singularoblique complement of показывалааbutа · conjunctionlinks the coordinationединственноsolelyединственно · particlemodifies от пылкости, coordinated with по требованиюотout ofот · prepositionpreposition marking пылкостипылкостиardorпылкость · noun, genitive, feminine, singularoblique complement of показываласвоихitsсвой · determiner, genitive, pluraldeterminer of чувстввосторженныхrapturousвосторженный · adjective, genitive, pluralmodifies чувствчувствfeelingsчувство · noun, genitive, neuter, pluralmodifies пылкостииandи · conjunctionlinks the coordinationблагодарногоgratefulблагодарный · adjective, genitive, neuter, singularmodifies сердцасердцаheartсердце · noun, genitive, neuter, singularcoordinated with чувств, modifies пылкости - 75
By the way: I quite forgot to mention that Kolya Krassotkin was that very boy whom the boy Ilyusha — already known to the reader, the son of the retired staff captain Snegiryov — stabbed in the thigh with a penknife while defending his father, whom the schoolboys had teased with the name 'wisp-of-tow.'
Кстатиby the wayкстати · adverbparenthetical, introduces забыляIя · pronoun, nominative, singularsubject of забылиactuallyи · particlemodifies забылзабылforgotзабыть · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectiveparallel clause to Кстатиупомянутьto mentionупомянуть · verb, active, infinitive, perfectivecomplement of забылчтоthatчто · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of былКоляKolyaКоля · proper noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of былКрасоткинKrassotkinКрасоткин · proper noun, nominative, masculine, singulardepends on Колябылwasбыть · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfectivecopula linking to мальчиктотthatтот · determiner, nominative, masculine, singulardeterminer of мальчиксамыйveryсамый · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularmodifies мальчикмальчикboyмальчик · noun, nominative, masculine, singularpredicate complement of былкоторогоwhomкоторый · pronoun, accusative, masculine, singulardirect object of пырнулзнакомыйknownзнакомый · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularmodifies мальчик (w17)ужеalreadyуже · adverbmodifies знакомыйчитателюto the readerчитатель · noun, dative, masculine, singularindirect object of знакомыймальчикthe boyмальчик · noun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of пырнулИлюшаIlyushaИлюша · proper noun, nominative, masculine, singularin apposition to мальчиксынsonсын · noun, nominative, masculine, singularin apposition to мальчикотставногоretiredотставной · adjective, genitive, masculine, singularmodifies штабс-капитанаштабсstaffштабс · noun, genitive, masculine, singular (part of compound)modifies сын, part of штабс-капитанакапитанаcaptainкапитан · noun, genitive, masculine, singularmodifies сынСнегиреваSnegiryovСнегирев · proper noun, genitive, masculine, singularmodifies сынпырнулstabbedпырнуть · verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfectiverelative clause on мальчик (w17)перочиннымpen-перочинный · adjective, instrumental, masculine, singularmodifies ножичкомножичкомpenknifeножичек · noun, instrumental, masculine, singularinstrumental complement (means) of пырнулвinв · prepositionpreposition marking бедробедроthe thighбедро · noun, accusative, neuter, singularoblique complement of пырнулзаступаясьdefendingзаступаться · verb, present, middle, converb, imperfectiveadverbial clause on пырнулзаforза · prepositionpreposition marking отцаотцаhis fatherотец · noun, accusative, masculine, singularoblique complement of заступаяськоторогоwhomкоторый · pronoun, accusative, masculine, singulardirect object of задразнилишкольникиthe schoolboysшкольник · noun, nominative, masculine, pluralsubject of задразнилизадразнилиhad teasedзадразнить · verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfectiverelative clause on отцамочалкой"wisp-of-tow"мочалка · noun, instrumental, feminine, singularoblique complement of задразнили"Мочалка" (bast-fiber scrubber) was Snegiryov's mocking nickname, for his wispy beard.
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- Братья Карамазовы, Fyodor Dostoevsky. Book X — The Boys.
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