Swedish · The Wonderful Adventures of Nils
Vildfågelsliv
Wild Bird Life
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- 1
Just in those days there occurred in Skåne an event which became widely talked about and even got into the newspapers, but which many have believed to be a fabrication, because they have not been able to explain it.
Justjustjust · adverbmodifies dagarnaiini · prepositionpreposition marking dagarnadethoseen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of dagarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
dagarnadaysdag · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of tilldrogtilldrogoccurredtilldrog · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tilldrogiini · prepositionpreposition marking SkåneSkåneSkåneSkåne · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of tilldrogenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of händelsehändelseeventhändelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tilldrogsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of blevThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
blevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on händelsemycketwidelymycket · adverbmodifies omtaladomtaladmuch talked-aboutomtalad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtilleventill · prepositioncoordinated with omtaladochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase tillmedwithmed · prepositionpart of the phrase tillkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with bleviintoi · prepositionpreposition marking tidningarnatidningarnanewspaperstidning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kommenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of haThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
mångamanymånga · pronoun, pluralpart of the phrase somhahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on dikttrottbelievedtrott · adverbindirect object of havarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to diktenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of diktdiktfabricationdikt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with händelsedärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of varitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därfördetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of varitintenotinte · particlemodifies varithahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on händelseiablei · prepositiondepends on varitståndablestånd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase iatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förklarainfinitive marker before a verb.
förklaraexplainförklara · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on varitdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of förklara - 2
The truth of the matter was that a female squirrel had been caught in a hazel thicket that grew on the shore of Lake Vomb, and carried to a farm that was nearby.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with förhöllförhöllwasförhöll · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceFrom förhålla sig, 'to be the case'; 'det förhöll sig så att' = 'the truth was that'.
sigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of förhöllnämligenfornämligen · adverbmodifies förhöllExplanatory connective, not the literal 'namely' in most narrative uses.
såsoså · adverbmodifies förhöllattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivitenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ekorrhonaekorrhonafemale squirrelekorrhona · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · auxiliary verb, active, supinedepends on förhöllfångadcaughtfångad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitiini · prepositionpreposition marking hasselsnårettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of hasselsnårhasselsnårhazel thickethasselsnår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of blivitsomthatsom · pronounsubject of växteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
växtegrewväxa · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on hasselsnårpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking strandenstrandenshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of växteavofav · prepositionpreposition marking VombsjönVombsjönLake VombVombsjön · proper noun, nominativemodifies strandenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationburencagebur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with blivittilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking bondgårdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bondgårdbondgårdfarmbondgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies burensomthatsom · pronounsubject of fannsThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
fannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativerelative clause on bondgårdexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
iini · prepositionmodifies fannsnärhetenvicinitynärhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase i All the people on the farm, both young and old, grew fond of the pretty little creature with the big tail, the clever, curious eyes, and the small, neat feet.
Allaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraseioni · prepositionpreposition marking bondgårdenbondgårdenfarmbondgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies människorbådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationungayoungung · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with bondgårdenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with ungablevobecameblevo · adverbmodifies ögonenArchaic plural past tense of bli ("to become"), not an adverb; the parser mistagged it.
gladagladglad · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of blevoåtofåt · prepositionpreposition marking djuretdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of djuretlillalittleliten · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies djuretvackrabeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies djuretdjuretanimaldjur · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of blevomedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking svansendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of svansenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies svansenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
svansentailsvans · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies djuretdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of klokaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
klokawisekloka · adjective, nominative, pluralin apposition to blevonyfiknacuriousnyfiken · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ögonenögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with ungaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of småSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
småsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies nättanättaneatnätta · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fötternafötternafeetfött · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with ungaSurface 'fötter/fötterna' (feet) of 'fot'; lemma is a spelling artifact.
They intended to spend the whole summer delighting in watching her nimble movements, her deft way of shelling nuts, and her merry play.
Detheyen · determiner, pluralsubject of fröjdaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
ämnadeintendedämna · verb, past, indicative, activemodifies sommarenhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sommarensommarensummersommar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fröjdafröjdadelightfröjda · adjective, nominative, singularhead of the phrasesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of fröjdaåtinåt · prepositionintroduces the clause of seatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fröjdapåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking rörelserdessherden · pronounpossessor of rörelserch03-p50 example 'sedan dess' means 'since then', not possessive 'its' — pinning the gloss to 'its' teaches a lie for that collocation.
viganimblevig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies rörelserrörelsermovementsrörelse · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sedessherden · pronounpossessor of sättch03-p50 example 'sedan dess' means 'since then', not possessive 'its' — pinning the gloss to 'its' teaches a lie for that collocation.
behändigadeftbehändig · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with fröjdaIndefinite 'sätt' has identical singular/plural form; two of the three examples (ch03-p2-s3 'sätt att skala nötter', ch44-p66-s1 'på sitt ... sätt') are singular 'a way'/'his way', not plural 'ways'.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of nötterskalato shellskala · verb, active, infinitivemodifies nötternötternutsnött · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralclause modifying sättochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdessherden · pronounpossessor of lekch03-p50 example 'sedan dess' means 'since then', not possessive 'its' — pinning the gloss to 'its' teaches a lie for that collocation.
lustigamerrylustig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies leklekgameslek · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with nötterThey at once made ready for her an old squirrel cage, which consisted of a little green-painted house and a wire wheel.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies gjordeireadyi · prepositionmodifies gjordeordningreadyordning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iåtforåt · prepositionpart of the phrase idetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of gjordeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ekorrburgammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ekorrburekorrbursquirrel cageekorrbur · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gjordesomwhichsom · pronounsubject of bestodThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
bestodconsistedbestå · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on ekorrburavofav · prepositionpreposition marking husettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of huslitetsmallliten · adverbmodifies grönmålatthis type bundles the positive and comparative degree forms (litet, mindre) under one entry.
grönmålatgreen-paintedgrönmåla · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hushushousehus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of bestodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ståltrådshjulståltrådshjulwire wheelståltrådshjul · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with husThe little house, which had both a door and a window, the female squirrel was to use as a dining room and bedchamber; so they laid down a bed of leaves in it and put in a bowl of milk and a few nuts.
Detaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of husetlillalittleliten · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies husethusethousehus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of användasomwhichsom · pronounsubject of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on husetbådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdörrdoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfönsterwindowfönster · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with dörrskullewas toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of användaekorrhonanfemale squirrelekorrhona · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of användaanvändauseanvända · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencetillastill · prepositionpreposition marking matrummatrumdining roommatrum · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of användaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsängkammarebedchambersängkammare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with matrumdärförsodärför · adverbmodifies ladeladelaidla · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to använda"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
detheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ladesurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
dittheredit · adverbmodifies ladeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bäddbäddbedbädd · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ladeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking lövlövleaveslöv · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies bäddochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ladepast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
ininin · adverbdepends on satteenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skålskålbowlskål · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies mjölkmjölkmilkmjölk · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of satteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of nötternötternutsnött · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with mjölkThe wire wheel, on the other hand, she was to have as a playroom, where she could run and climb and swing round.
Ståltrådshjuletwire wheelståltrådshjul · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of hadäremoton the other handdäremot · adverbmodifies haskullewas toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencetillastill · prepositionpreposition marking lekstugalekstugaplayroomlekstuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadärtheredär · adverbmodifies springahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of springakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of springaspringato runspringa · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on lekstugaOne cited example uses the homograph springa "slit/crack" (a different noun); this type is the infinitive verb "to run".
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationklättrato climbklättra · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with springaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsvingato swingsvinga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with springaruntaroundrunt · adverbmodifies svinga- 3
The people thought they had arranged things very nicely for the female squirrel, and were surprised that she did not seem to be thriving.
Människornathe peopleMänniskorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ställtdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ställthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ställtställtput/placedställa · verb, active, supineclausal complement of tycktedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of ställtmycketverymycket · adverbmodifies brabranicelybra · adjective, nominativecomplement of ställtförforför · prepositionpreposition marking ekorrhonanekorrhonanfemale squirrelekorrhona · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ställtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförvånadesurprisedförvåna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ställtsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of förvånadeöverthatöver · prepositionintroduces the clause of sågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of såghonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågintenotinte · particlemodifies sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on förvånadepast tense of se, 'to see.'
utseemut · adverbdepends on sågatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of trivasinfinitive marker before a verb.
trivasto thrivetrivas · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on förvånade Instead she sat sullen and cross in a corner of her chamber, and every now and then let out a sharp cry of complaint.
Iinsteadi · prepositionmodifies sattställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase Isattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattbedrövaddistressedbedrövad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvresigcrossvresig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with bedrövadiini · prepositionpreposition marking hörnettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of hörnhörncornerhörn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sattavofav · prepositionpreposition marking kammaresinhersig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of kammarekammarechamberkammare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hörnochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gavefterafterefter · prepositionmodifies gavannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase eftergavlet outge · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattLight-verb idioms in the examples: "gav ... till ett klagoskrik" = let out a cry; "gav sig tid" = took the time — not literal "gave" in either case.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gavtillouttill · prepositionpreposition marking skarptettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of skarptskarptsharpskarpt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies gavklagoskrikcry of complaintklagoskrik · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of gavShe did not touch the food, and she did not turn the wheel a single time.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rörderördetouchedröra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies rördevidagainstvid · prepositionpreposition marking matenmatenfoodmat · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rördeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svängdesvängdeswungsvängde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with rördeintenotinte · particlemodifies svängdeomifom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking hjulethjuletwheelhjul · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of svängdeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gångendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativemodifies gånggångtimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of svängde"It's probably because she's afraid," said the people on the farm.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of berorberordependsbero · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenogprobablynog · adverbmodifies berorpådepend onpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of räddattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of räddhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räddärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to räddräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on berorsadesaidsaa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with räddlemma should be säga 'to say'; sade/sa are its past-tense forms.
människornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sadeioni · prepositionpreposition marking bondgårdenbondgårdenfarmbondgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies människorna"Tomorrow, once she feels at home, she'll both eat and play."
Itomorrowi · prepositionintroduces the clause of ätamorgonmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase Inärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kännerhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kännerkännerfeelskänna · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ätasigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kännerhemmastaddat homehemmastadd · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kännermistagged as a noun; it is the adjective for feeling at home/familiar with a place.
kommerwillkomma · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of ätahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommerbådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ätainfinitive marker before a verb.
ätaeatäta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlekato playleka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with äta- 4
Meanwhile it happened that the women on the farm were busy getting ready for a feast, and on the very day the female squirrel had been caught, they were occupied with a great baking.
EmellertidmeanwhileEmellertid · adverbmodifies händehändehappenedhä · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLemma is a truncated form; the word is 'hände', past tense of 'hända' (to happen).
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with händesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of händesåsoså · adverbmodifies händeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of höllokvinnornawomenkvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hölloioni · prepositionpreposition marking bondgårdenbondgårdenfarmbondgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kvinnornahöllowere busyhöllo · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on händepåbusypå · prepositionintroduces the clause of rustaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of rustainfinitive marker before a verb.
rustapreparerusta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on höllotillfortill · prepositionmodifies rustagillefeastgille · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase tillochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjustjustjust · adverbmodifies dagendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with höllodåwhendå · subordinating conjunctionmodifies blivitekorrhonanfemale squirrelekorrhona · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · auxiliary verb, active, supineadverbial clause on syssladefångadcaughtfångad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitsyssladewas busysyssla · verb, past, indicative, activeclause modifying dagendetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sysslademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking storbakstorbaklarge bakingstorbak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sysslade And either they had had bad luck with the dough not wanting to rise, or else they were rather slow about it, for they had to work late after it had grown dark.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationantingeneitherantingen · conjunctionlinks the coordination'Antingen' pairs with 'eller' (either/or) or introduces a concessive 'whether'.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of haftdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceoturbad luckotur · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haftmedwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of jäsaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of jäsadegarnathe doughdeg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of jäsaintenotinte · particlemodifies jäsahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of jäsavelatwantedvela · verb, active, supineauxiliary of jäsalemma should be vilja 'to want'; velat is its supine form.
jäsato risejäsa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on haftelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies vorovorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, singularcopula linking to senfärdigaPast plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective.
detheyen · determiner, pluralsubject of senfärdigaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
välratherväl · adverbmodifies senfärdigasenfärdigaslowsenfärdig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with jäsaavaboutav · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of senfärdigaförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of arbetadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of arbetamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of arbetaarbetaworkarbeta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on senfärdigalängelatelänge · adverbmodifies arbetaefterafterefter · prepositionintroduces the clause of blivitsedanthensedan · adverbintroduces the clause of blivitdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on arbetamörktdarkmörk · adverbcomplement of blivit- 5
There naturally reigned much haste and bustle in the kitchen, and there was surely no one who took the time to wonder how the female squirrel was faring.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with rådderåddereignedrå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenaturligtvisnaturallynaturligtvis · adverbmodifies råddemyckenmuchmycken · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularlinks the coordinationivereagernessiva · verb, present, indicative, activesubject of råddeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbrådskahastebrådska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with iveriini · prepositionpreposition marking köketköketkitchenkök · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of iverochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärtheredär · adverbmodifies ingenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ingendetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ingennogsurelynog · adverbmodifies ingeningenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularcoordinated with råddesomwhosom · pronounsubject of gavThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
gavtookge · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on ingenLight-verb idioms in the examples: "gav ... till ett klagoskrik" = let out a cry; "gav sig tid" = took the time — not literal "gave" in either case.
sigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of gavtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gavatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of undrainfinitive marker before a verb.
undrato wonderundra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gavpåaboutpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of hadehurhowhur · adverbmodifies hadeekorrhonanfemale squirrelekorrhona · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on undradetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hade But there was an old grandmother in the house who was too advanced in years to take part in the baking.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of morgammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies mormormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannsiini · prepositionpreposition marking husethusethousehus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fannssomwhosom · pronounsubject of ålderstigenThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularcopula linking to ålderstigenthe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
förtooför · prepositionpreposition marking ålderstigenålderstigenadvanced in yearsålderstig · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on fannsatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of varainfinitive marker before a verb.
varabevara · verb, active, infinitivedepends on ålderstigenmedwithmed · prepositiondepends on varaomtake part inom · prepositionpreposition marking baketbaketthe bakingbak · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of varaThat she understood herself, but all the same she did not like standing outside it all.
Detaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of begrepbegrepunderstoodbegrep · adjective, nominativemodifies honhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesjälvherselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying honmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with honiall the samei · prepositionpreposition marking fallallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fallfallcasesfall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of tyckteintenotinte · particlemodifies ståomlikeom · prepositionintroduces the clause of ståatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ståinfinitive marker before a verb.
ståstandstå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tyckteutanföroutsideutanför · prepositionpreposition marking heladetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of helahelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies ståShe felt sad, and for that reason she did not go and lie down, but sat down by the window in the sitting room and looked out.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändekändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kändebedrövadsadbedrövad · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of kändeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfördenskullfor that reasonfördenskull · adverbmodifies gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kändehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickintenotinte · particlemodifies gickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationladelie downla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gick"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
sigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ladeutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
sattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickpast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
sigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sattevidbyvid · prepositionpreposition marking fönstretfönstretwindowfönstr · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of satteArchaic/dialectal spelling of fönster.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking dagligstugandagligstuganthe sitting roomdagligstuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of satteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickpast tense of se, 'to see.'
utoutut · adverbdepends on sågIn the kitchen they had, for the sake of the warmth, propped the door open, and through it streamed a clear gleam of light out onto the yard.
Iini · prepositionpreposition marking köketköketkitchenkök · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ställtdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ställtförforför · prepositionpreposition marking värmensvärmensthe warmth'svärm · noun, genitive, common gender, singularmodifies deskullsakeskull · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ställtonly occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'.
ställtput/placedställa · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceuppupupp · adverbdepends on ställtdörrendoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ställtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking ljusskendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ljusskenströmmadestreamedströmma · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ljusskenettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ljusskenklartclearklar · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ljusskenljusskengleam of lightljussk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ställtutoutut · adverbmodifies ljusskenpåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking gårdengårdenyardgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utIt was an enclosed farmyard, and it was lit up so well that the old woman could see the cracks and holes in the plaster on the wall opposite.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gårdvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gårdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gårdkringbyggdenclosedkringbyggd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gårdgårdfarmyardgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gårdsåsoså · adverbmodifies upplystvälwellväl · adverbmodifies upplystupplystlit upupplysa · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of blevattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of segummanold womangumma · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitivedepends on blevsprickorcracksspricka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of seochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhålholehål · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with sprickoriini · prepositionpreposition marking rappningenrappningenthe plasterrappning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hålpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking väggenväggenwallvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies rappningenmittemotoppositemittemot · adverbmodifies väggenShe also saw the squirrel cage, which hung right where the light fell most brightly, and she noticed how the female squirrel ran all night long from her chamber out into the wheel and from the wheel back into her chamber, without resting a single moment.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies sågekorrburenthe squirrel cageekorrbure · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sågsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of hängdeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hängdehunghänga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on ekorrburenjustjustjust · adverbmodifies hängdedärtheredär · adverbmodifies föllljusskenetthe lightljussken · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of föllföllfellföll · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hängdeallramostallra · adverbmodifies klarast"Most of all" only fits "allra ondast" (angriest of all); in "allra vackraste," "allra tunnaste," and "allra förskräckligaste" allra intensifies the following superlative and renders as "very" (the very loveliest/thinnest/worst).
klarastbrightestklar · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies föllochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märktemärktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with såghurhowhur · adverbmodifies sprangekorrhonanfemale squirrelekorrhona · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of spranghelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies nattennattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sprangsprangransprangma · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of märkteLemma is corrupted; surfaces are only "sprang" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma.
frånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking kammaresinhersig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of kammarekammarechamberkammare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sprangutoutut · adverbdepends on sprangiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking hjulethjuletwheelhjul · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of utochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking hjulethjuletwheelhjul · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with hjuletininin · adverbmodifies sprangiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking kammaresinhersig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of kammarekammarechamberkammare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of inutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of vilaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vilainfinitive marker before a verb.
vilato restvila · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sprangettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ögonblickögonblickmomentögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of vilaShe thought there was a strange unrest over the animal, but she supposed, of course, that it was the sharp gleam of light that was keeping it awake.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ofriddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ofridvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ofridenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ofridbesynnerligstrangebesynnerlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ofridofridunrestofrid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of tyckteöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking djuretdjuretanimaldjur · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ofridmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tyckteförståsof courseförstås · adverbmodifies tänkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ljusskenetdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with ljusskenetvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ljusskenetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ljusskenetskarpasharpskarep · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies ljusskenetLemma is a variant spelling of 'skarp', sharp.
ljusskenetthe lightljussken · noun, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of tycktesomthatsom · pronounsubject of höllThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
höllkepthålla · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on ljusskenetdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on höllvaketawakevak · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of höll- 6
Between the cowshed and the stable there was, on that farm, a broad, roofed gateway passage, and it lay in such a way that it too was lit up.
Mellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking kostalletkostalletcow shedkostall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fannsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhäststallethorse stablehäststall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
ioni · prepositionpreposition marking dendenaen · determiner, common gender, singularoblique complement of fannsdärtheredär · adverbmodifies inkörsportgårdenfarmgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of inkörsportenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of inkörsportbredbroadbred · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies inkörsporttäcktroofedtäcka · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with bredinkörsportgateway passageinkörsport · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fannsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with fannsmistagged as adjective; the surface 'låg' here is the past tense of ligga 'to lie', not the unrelated adjective låg 'low'.
såthat wayså · adverbmodifies lågtillin such a waytill · prepositionpart of the phrase såattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of upplystocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies upplystdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of upplystblevbecamebli · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to upplystupplystlit upupplysd · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on låg And when the night had worn on a while, old grandmother saw a little fellow, no taller than a hand's breadth, come slipping in slowly and cautiously from the gateway into the yard, though he walked in clogs and leather breeches like any other working man.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of liditdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of lidithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of liditliditworn onlidi · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sågframåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies liditnattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of liditenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of liditsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies mormormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking portvalvetportvalvetgateway archportvalv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of sågsaktaslowlysakta · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of komFunctions adverbially ('slowly') though tagged as an adjective form.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförsiktigtcarefullyförsiktig · adverbcoordinated with saktasmygandecreepingsmygande · adjective, nominativemodifies inininin · adverbmodifies kompåintopå · prepositionpreposition marking gårdengårdenyardgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of parvellitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies parvelparvellittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of komsomwhosom · pronounsubject of högThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies högvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to högmermoremycket · adverbmodifies enänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase merenaen · determiner, common gender, singularpart of the phrase vartvärhandhand's breadthtvärhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase enhögtallhög · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on parvelmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with komiini · prepositionpreposition marking träskorträskorclogsträska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskinnbyxorleather breechesskinnbyxor · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with gicksomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of arbetskarlenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of arbetskarlannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies arbetskarlarbetskarlworking manarbetskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of skinnbyxorOld grandmother understood at once that it was the tomte, and she was not the least bit afraid.
GamlaoldGamla · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies mormormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstodförstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies förstodattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on förstodtomtentomte (gnome)tomt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varfalse friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with förstodintenotinte · particlemodifies blevdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of minstaminstaleastliten · adjective, nominative, superlativesubject of räddräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevShe had always heard that he kept himself there on the place, although she had never seen him before, and a tomte, after all, brought good luck with him wherever he showed himself.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörtalltidalwaysalltid · adverbmodifies hörthörtheardhöra · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of höllhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllhöllstayedhålla · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hörttillaroundtill · prepositiondepends on hölldärtheredär · adverbmodifies höllpåonpå · prepositionmodifies höllställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase påfastänalthoughfastän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of setthonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies settförrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on höllhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of settochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tomtetomtetomtetomte · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fördeA tomte is a Swedish household guardian spirit or gnome; the studio translation renders it as 'tomte' or 'gnome'.
fördebroughtföra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with höllSecond example 'en smal stig, som förde inåt skogen' = 'a narrow path that led into the forest' — a path leading, not carrying — a distinct sense from the first example ('förde ju lycka med sig' = 'brought good luck').
juafter allju · adverbmodifies fördelyckagood lucklycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fördemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of fördevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeintroduces the clause of visadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visadevisadeshowedvisa · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fördesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of visade- 7
As soon as the tomte had come into the paved yard, he ran straight to the squirrel cage, and since it hung so high that he could not reach up to it, he went to the tool shed for a pole, leaned it against the cage, and then swung himself up in the same way a sailor climbs up a rope.
Såasså · adverbmodifies kommitsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies Såsomassom · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase Såtomtentomte (gnome)tomt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommitfalse friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sprangininin · adverbdepends on kommitpåintopå · prepositionpreposition marking gårdendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gårdenstensattapavedstensatta · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gårdengårdenpaved yardgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommitsprangransprangma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLemma is corrupted; surfaces are only "sprang" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sprangraktstraightrak · adverbmodifies framframforwardfram · adverbmodifies sprangtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ekorrburenekorrburenthe squirrel cageekorrbure · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of framochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsomsincesom · pronoundirect object of hängdeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of hängdehängdehunghänga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sprangsåsoså · adverbmodifies högthögthighhög · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hängdeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of nåhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of nåintenotinte · particlemodifies nåkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of nånåto reachnå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hängdeuppupupp · adverbdepends on nåtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of någickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with spranghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gicktilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking redskapsskjuletredskapsskjuletthe tool shedredskapsskjule · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gickefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking spöettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of spöspöstickspö · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gickresteleanedreste · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sprangdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of restemotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking burenburencagebur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of resteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsvingadeswungsvinga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with restesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of svingadesedanthensedan · adverbmodifies svingadeuppupupp · adverbmodifies svingadepåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of svingadesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of äntrarenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sjömansjömansailorsjöman · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of äntraräntrarclimbsäntra · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on resteuppförupuppför · prepositionpreposition marking tågettaen · numeral, nominative, neuter, singulardeterminer of tågtågropetåg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of äntrarSecond example ('en sjöman äntrar uppför ett tåg' = 'a sailor climbs up a rope') uses the nautical sense 'rope', not 'train'; the type was pinned to 'train' with contextDependent false, missing this attested sense.
When he had reached the cage, he rattled at the door of the little green house, as though he wanted to open it, but old grandmother sat calmly, for she knew the children had put a padlock on the door, for fear that the boys from the neighboring farms might try to steal the squirrel away.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommenhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to kommenkommenarrivedkommenma · noun, common genderadverbial clause on ruskadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking burenburencagebur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommenruskadeshookruska · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ruskadeiati · prepositionpreposition marking dörrdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of dörrlillalittleliten · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies dörrgrönagreengrön · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies dörrhusetsthe house'shus · noun, genitive, neuter, singularpossessor of dörrdörrdoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ruskadesomas thoughsom · pronounsubject of öppnaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of velathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of velathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of velatvelatwantedvela · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on öppnalemma should be vilja 'to want'; velat is its supine form.
öppnaopenöppen · adjective, nominative, singularrelative clause on dörrdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of öppnamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies mormormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ruskadelugncalmlugn · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of sattförforför · prepositionpreposition marking honhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sattbarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of satthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sattsatthad putsitta · auxiliary verb, active, supineclausal complement of visstehänglåspadlockhänglås · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of sattföronför · prepositionpreposition marking dörrendörrendoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hänglåsavforav · prepositionpreposition marking fruktanfruktanfearfruktan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sattförofför · prepositionintroduces the clause of försökaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of försökagranngårdspojkarnathe neighboring-farm boysgranngårdspojke · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of försökaskullemightskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of försökaförsökato tryförsöka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sattstjälato stealstjäla · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försökabortawaybort · adverbdepends on stjälaekorrenthe squirrelekorr · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of stjälaThe old woman saw that when the tomte could not get the door open, the female squirrel came out into the wire wheel.
Gummanthe old womanGumman · proper noun, nominativesubject of sågCommon noun 'gumman' (the old woman), mistagged as a proper noun.
sågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fånärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåtomtentomte (gnome)tomt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåfalse friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'.
intenotinte · particlemodifies fåkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfågetfå · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of såguppupupp · adverbdepends on fådörrendoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sågekorrhonanfemale squirrelekorrhona · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komutoutut · adverbmodifies komiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking ståltrådshjuletståltrådshjuletwire wheelståltrådshjul · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of utThere she and the tomte had a long conference with one another.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtomtentomte (gnome)tomt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with honfalse friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of överläggninglånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies överläggningöverläggningdeliberationöverläggning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking varandravarandraeach othervarandra · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies överläggningAnd when the tomte had heard all that the captive animal had to tell him, he slid down the pole to the ground and ran out through the farm gate.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hörttomtentomte (gnome)tomt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörtfalse friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörthörtheardhöra · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on åktealltallall · adverbmodifies hörtvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of djuretdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of djuretfångnacaptivefången · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies djuretdjuretanimaldjur · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of sägahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sägainfinitive marker before a verb.
sägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to allthonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of sägaåkteslidåkte · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on utförhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of åkteutfördownutföra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceFunctions here as the adverb/preposition "down" (utför trappan/kullen), not the unrelated verb utföra ("to perform").
spöetthe polespöet · adverbdirect object of utförnerdownner · adverbmodifies utförtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsprangransprangma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with utförLemma is corrupted; surfaces are only "sprang" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma.
utoutut · adverbdepends on spranggenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking gårdsportengårdsportenthe farm gategårdsport · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sprang- 8
The old woman did not think she would see anything more of the tomte that night, but she lingered by the window all the same.
Gummanthe old womanGumman · proper noun, nominativesubject of troddeCommon noun 'gumman' (the old woman), mistagged as a proper noun.
troddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies troddeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of seskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sefåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of troddenågotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of mermermoremycket · adverbdirect object of seavofav · prepositionpreposition marking tomtentomtentomte (gnome)tomt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies merfalse friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'.
denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of nattennattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of semenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dröjdedröjdedelayeddröjde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with troddeiall the samei · prepositionpreposition marking fallallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fallfallcasesfall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of dröjdekvarstill therekvar · adverbmodifies fallvidbyvid · prepositionpreposition marking fönstretfönstretwindowfönstr · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kvarArchaic/dialectal spelling of fönster.
When a while had passed, he came back.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåttenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttpassedgå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komtillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies komHe was in such a hurry that she thought his feet scarcely touched the ground, and he hastened straight to the squirrel cage.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bråttomhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bråttomsåsuchså · adverbmodifies bråttombråttomin a hurrybråttom · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencePredicative idiom 'ha bråttom'; tagged as a verb form but functions as an adjective/adverb phrase, not a separate lexeme.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tycktehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of bråttomfötternathe feetfötterna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of tyckteknappthardlyknappt · adverbmodifies rörderördetouchedröra · verb, past, indicative, activecomplement of tycktevidagainstvid · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rördeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationframforwardfram · adverbmodifies skyndadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ekorrburenekorrburensquirrel cageekorrbur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of framskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with bråttomhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skyndadeThe old woman saw him clearly with her far-sighted eyes, and she even saw that he was carrying something in his hands, but what it was she could not make out.
Gummanthe old womanGumman · proper noun, nominativesubject of sågCommon noun 'gumman' (the old woman), mistagged as a proper noun.
sågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sågtydligtclearlytydlig · adverbcomplement of sågmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ögonsinahersig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of ögonlångsyntafar-sightedlångsynt · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ögonögoneyesögon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sågpast tense of se, 'to see.'
tilleventill · prepositiondepends on sågochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase tillmedwithmed · prepositionpart of the phrase tillattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of barhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of barbarcarriedba · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sågTagged present tense, but every occurrence is the old preterite of bära ("carried"), not the present.
någotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of bariini · prepositionpreposition marking händernahändernathe handshändere · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of barLemma is a corrupted form; the word is 'händerna' (the hands).
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of begripadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of begripavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies begripakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of begripahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of begripaintenotinte · particlemodifies begripabegripaunderstandbegripa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sågWhat he carried in his left hand he laid down on the paving stones, but what he held in his right he took with him up to the cage.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of barThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of barbarcarriedba · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on DetPast tense of bära "to carry/wear".
iini · prepositionpreposition marking vänstravänstraleftvänster · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies handenhandenhandhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of barladelaidla · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Det"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ladenerdownner · adverbmodifies ladepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking stenläggningenstenläggningenpaving stonesstenläggning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of togsomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of höllThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllhöllheldhålla · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on detiini · prepositionpreposition marking högradenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of högrahögrarighthögr · adjective, nominative, singularoblique complement of hölltogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Dethanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of togmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of toguppupupp · adverbmodifies togtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking burenburencagebur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of togHere he kicked with his clog at the little window, so that the pane broke, and pushed what he held in his hand in to the female squirrel.
Härherehär · adverbmodifies sparkadesparkadekickedsparka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sparkademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking träskonträskonthe clogträskon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of sparkadeThis is the definite singular of träsko (wooden clog), not a plural.
tillattill · prepositionpreposition marking fönstretdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of fönstretlillalittleliten · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies fönstretfönstretwindowfönstr · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sparkadeArchaic/dialectal spelling of fönster.
såsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of krossadesattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sårutanpaneruta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive krossades'Ruta vid ruta' uses the geometric sense (square) rather than window pane.
krossadeswas shatteredkrossada · verb, past, indicative, passiveadverbial clause on sparkadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstackpushedstack · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with ,This is actually the past tense of the verb stinga 'to stick/poke', mistagged as a noun.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sparkadesomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of höllThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllhöllheldhålla · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on detiini · prepositiondepends on höllhandenhandhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iininin · adverbmodifies dettilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ekorrhonanekorrhonanfemale squirrelekorrhona · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of inThen he slid down again, took what he had laid on the ground, and climbed up to the cage with that too.
DärpåthenDärpå · adverbdirect object of åkteåkteslidåkte · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on toghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of åktenerdownner · adverbdepends on åkteigenagainigen · adverbmodifies åktetogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of togsomthatsom · pronoundirect object of lagtThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lagthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lagtlagtlaidlägga · verb, active, supineclausal complement of togpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lagtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationklättradeclimbedklättra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lagtuppupupp · adverbmodifies klättradetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking burenburencagebur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uppocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies dettamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of klättradeAnd directly afterward he rushed off once more with such haste that the old woman could scarcely follow him with her eyes.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstraxdirectlystrax · adverbmodifies rusadedärpåthen/after thatdärpå · adverbmodifies rusaderusaderushedrusa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rusadebortawaybort · adverbmodifies rusadeänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking gångenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rusademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hastsådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hastsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
hasthurryhast · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gång'i en hast' = 'on the spot/in a hurry'.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of följagummanold womangumma · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of följaknappthardlyknappt · adverbmodifies följakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of följaföljato followfölja · verb, active, infinitivedepends on gånghonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of följamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ögonenögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of följa- 9
But now it was old grandmother who no longer sat still in the cottage, but went ever so quietly out onto the yard and placed herself in the shadow of the pump to wait for the tomte.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies morvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to mordetitden · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of morgamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies mormormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomwhosom · pronounsubject of sattThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies sattlängrelongerlänge · adverbmodifies sattsattsatsitta · verb, active, supinerelative clause on morstillastillstilla · adverbdepends on sattiini · prepositionpreposition marking stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
heltquitehelt · adverbmodifies saktasaktaquietlysakta · verb, active, infinitivemodifies gicksakta doubles as the adverb 'slowly' (flög sakta) and the verb 'to slacken' (sakta farten).
gickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattutoutut · adverbdepends on gickpåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking gårdsplanengårdsplanencourtyardgårdsplan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationställdeplaced herselfställa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ställdeiini · prepositionmodifies ställdeskugganshadowskugga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iavofav · prepositionpreposition marking pumpenpumpenthe pumppump · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ställdeförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of inväntaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of inväntainfinitive marker before a verb.
inväntato wait forinvänta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on ställdetomtentomte (gnome)tomt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of inväntafalse friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'.
And there was one more who had also noticed him and grown curious.
Ochandoch · conjunctionhead of the phraseenaen · determiner, common gender, singularpart of the phrase Ochtillmoretill · prepositionpart of the phrase envarwasvara · adverbcopula linking to enThis is the past tense "var" of vara ("to be"), not an adverb; the parser mistagged it.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase varsomwhosom · pronounsubject of märktThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies märkthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of märktmärktnoticedmärka · verb, active, supinedepends on varhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of märktochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinecoordinated with märktnyfikencuriousnyfiken · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitIt was the house cat.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencestugkattenthe house catstugkatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varHe came creeping slowly and stopped by the wall just a couple of steps outside the brightest strip of light.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesaktaslowlysakta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of komsakta doubles as the adverb 'slowly' (flög sakta) and the verb 'to slacken' (sakta farten).
smygandecreepingsmygande · adjective, nominativemodifies stegochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with smygandevidbyvid · prepositionpreposition marking väggenväggenwallvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stannadejustjustjust · adverbmodifies parettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies stegstegstepssteg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of komutanföroutsideutanför · prepositionpreposition marking ljusstrimmandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ljusstrimmanklarastebrightestklar · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies ljusstrimmanljusstrimmanstrip of lightljusstrimma · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of steg- 10
They stood and waited both long and patiently in the cold March night, and the old woman began to think of going back in, when she heard a clatter against the paving stones and saw the little tomte fellow come trudging along once more.
Detheyen · determiner, pluralsubject of stodoSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
stodostoodstodo · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasePast plural of stå ('to stand'); tagged as adjective.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationväntadewaitedvänta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodobådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlängelonglänge · adverbcoordinated with stodoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationväla good whileväl · adverbmodifies kallaiini · prepositionpreposition marking dendenaen · determiner, common gender, singularoblique complement of kallakallacoldkalla · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with stodoMislemmatized: both examples ('det kalla nattkvarteret', 'i den kalla marsnatten') show the definite/inflected adjective 'kall' ('cold'), not the verb kalla ('to call'). Gloss corrected to match the attested adjective use.
marsnattenthe March nightmarsnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kallaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgummanold womangumma · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodofunderathink/figure outfundera · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadepåofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of gåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gåinfinitive marker before a verb.
gågogå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on funderaininin · adverbdepends on gåigenagainigen · adverbmodifies gånärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hördehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhörde · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on funderaslammerclatterslammer · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hördemotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking stenläggningenstenläggningenpaving stonesstenläggning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hördeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hördepast tense of se, 'to see.'
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of parvelnlillalittleliten · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies parvelnparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komtillof atill · prepositionpreposition marking tomtetomtetomtetomte · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies parvelnA tomte is a Swedish household guardian spirit or gnome; the studio translation renders it as 'tomte' or 'gnome'.
komcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on börjadetraskandetrudging alongtraska · adjective, nominativedirect object of komänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking gångenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kom As before he carried a burden in both hands, and what he was carrying peeped and struggled.
Liksomas beforeliksom · adverbintroduces the clause of förutförutbeforeförut · adverbadverbial clause on barbarcarriedbara · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLemma tag is odd; surface 'bar' is the past tense of bära, 'to carry', also used idiomatically in 'det bar av' = 'off they went'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of barbördaburdenbörda · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of bariini · prepositionpreposition marking händernabådabothbåda · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies händernahändernathe handshänderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of barochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of barsomthatsom · pronoundirect object of barThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of barbarcarryingbara · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on detLemma tag is odd; surface 'bar' is the past tense of bära, 'to carry', also used idiomatically in 'det bar av' = 'off they went'.
påcarryingpå · prepositionpreposition marking barpeppeepedpep · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with påochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsprattladestruggledsprattla · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with påAnd now a light dawned on old grandmother.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gickuppupupp · adverbdepends on gickettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ljusljuslightljus · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gickföronför · prepositionpreposition marking morgamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies mormormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickShe understood that the tomte had run off to the nut grove and fetched the female squirrel's young, and that he was carrying them to her so that they should not starve to death.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstodförstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sprungittomtentomte (gnome)tomt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sprungitfalse friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sprungitsprungitrunsprunga · verb, active, supineclausal complement of förstodbortawaybort · adverbdepends on sprungittilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking nöthagennöthagencattle pasturenöthag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sprungitNöt here is the collective noun 'cattle,' not 'nut.'
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhämtatfetchedhämta · verb, active, supinecoordinated with sprungitekorrhonansfemale squirrel'sekorrhonans · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of ungarungaryoungunge · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hämtatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of barhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of barbarcarriedba · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sprungitTagged present tense, but every occurrence is the old preterite of bära ("carried"), not the present.
demthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of bartilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of barförsoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of svältaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase fördetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of svältaintenotinte · particlemodifies svältaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of svältasvältato starvesvälta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sprungitihjälto deathihjäl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of svältaBackbone mistags this as a noun; ihjäl is the adverb particle meaning 'to death' (as in slå ihjäl, svälta ihjäl).
- 11
Old grandmother stood still so as not to disturb him, and it did not look, either, as though the tomte had noticed her.
GamlaoldGamla · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies mormormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencestillastillstilla · adverbdepends on stodförsoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of störaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of störainfinitive marker before a verb.
intenotinte · particlemodifies störastöradisturbstöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodpast tense of se, 'to see.'
hellereitherheller · adverbmodifies sågintenotinte · particlemodifies sågutlookut · adverbdepends on sågsomas thoughsom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of märktomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of märkttomtentomte (gnome)tomt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märktfalse friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'.
skullehadskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of märkthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of märktmärktnoticedmärka · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on såghenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of märkt He was just about to lay one of the young ones down on the ground so as to be able to swing himself up to the cage with the other, when he caught sight of the house cat's green eyes glittering close beside him.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of läggaskullewas about toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of läggajustjustjust · adverbmodifies läggaläggato lay/putlägga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencenerdownner · adverbdepends on läggadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ungenenaone ofena · adjective, nominativemodifies ungenungenyoung oneunge · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of läggapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of läggaförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of svingaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of svingainfinitive marker before a verb.
kunnato be able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of svingasvingato swingsvinga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on läggasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of svingauppupupp · adverbmodifies svingatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking burenburencagebur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of svingamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking andradenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andraandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularoblique complement of svinganärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sefickcaught sight offå · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on svingastugkattensthe house cat'sstugkatt · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of ögongrönagreengrön · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies ögonögoneyesögon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of segnistraglitteringgnistra · adverbcomplement of setättclosetätt · adverbmodifies gnistrabredvidbesidebredvid · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of seHe stood there quite at a loss, with a young one in each hand.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blefblefbecameblef · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraseHistorical spelling of blev in the phrase blev stående.
ståendestandingståe · adjective, nominativeclause modifying blefheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies rådlösrådlösat a lossrådlös · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blefmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ungeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ungeungeyoung one/cubung · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies blefiini · prepositionpreposition marking handenvarderaeachvardera · determiner, singulardeterminer of handenhandenhandhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies unge- 12
He turned around, looked about him in every direction, and now became aware of old grandmother.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändevändeturnedväna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vänderuntaroundrunt · adverbmodifies vändesågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vändepast tense of se, 'to see.'
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sågomaroundom · prepositiondepends on sågåtinåt · prepositionpreposition marking hållallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of hållhålldirectionshåll · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sågnunownu · adverbmodifies blevvarseaware ofvarse · adjective, nominativemodifies morgamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies mormormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blev Then he did not hesitate for long, but went up and held out one of the young squirrels to her.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies besinnadebesinnadeconsideredbesinna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceOften reflexive, besinna sig, "to stop and think".
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of besinnadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of besinnadeintenotinte · particlemodifies besinnadelängefor longlänge · adverbmodifies besinnadeutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
gickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with besinnadeframforwardfram · adverbdepends on gickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsträcktestretchedsträckte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ekorrungenenaone ofena · adjective, nominativemodifies ekorrungenekorrungenthe young squirrelekorrung · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sträckteuppupupp · adverbdepends on sträcktetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sträckte- 13
And old grandmother did not want to show herself unworthy of the trust, but bent down and took the young squirrel and stood holding it, until the tomte had swung himself up to the cage with the other one and came and fetched the one he had entrusted to her.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies mormormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of visaintenotinte · particlemodifies visavisato showvisa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of visaovärdigunworthyovärdig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies förtroendetförtroendetthe trustförtroendet · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of visautanbututan · subordinating conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of böjdeböjdebentböjde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with visasigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of böjdenerdownner · adverbdepends on böjdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with visaemottakeemot · adverbdepends on togekorrungenthe young squirrelekorrung · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of togochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with togochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhöllheldhålla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with visadenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of hölländauntilända · adverbmodifies svingattillsuntiltills · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of svingattomtentomte (gnome)tomt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svingatfalse friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of svingatsvingatswungsvinga · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on visasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of svingatuppupupp · adverbmodifies burentilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking burenburencagebur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of svingatmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking andradenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andraandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularoblique complement of svingatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with svingatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhämtadefetchedhämta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with komdeniten · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of komsomwhomsom · pronoundirect object of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on denanförtrottentrustedanförtrott · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of hadehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hade - 14
The next morning, when the people on the farm gathered for breakfast, it was impossible for the old woman to refrain from telling what she had seen the night before.
Nästanextnästa · adjective, nominativemodifies morgonmorgonmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of samladesfolketpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of passive samladesioni · prepositionpreposition marking bondgårdenbondgårdenfarmbondgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies folketsamladesgatheredsamla · verb, past, indicative, passiveadverbial clause on morgontillfortill · prepositionpreposition marking frukostenfrukostenbreakfastfrukost · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of samladesvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to omöjligtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with omöjligtomöjligtimpossibleomöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularparallel clause to morgonförforför · prepositionpreposition marking gummangummanold womangumma · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of omöjligtatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of låtainfinitive marker before a verb.
låtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitivedepends on omöjligtblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivedirect object of låtaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of berättainfinitive marker before a verb.
berättato tellberätta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on låtavadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of setthonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supineclausal complement of berättaförrapreviousförra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies nattennattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sett And of course everyone laughed at her and said she had only been dreaming.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationallihopeveryoneallihop · adverbsubject of skrattadeskrattadelaughedskratta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceförståsof courseförstås · adverbmodifies skrattadeåtatåt · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skrattadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with skrattadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of drömthonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of drömtbarajustbara · adverbmodifies drömthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of drömtdrömtdreameddröma · verb, active, supinedepends on skrattadeThere were no baby squirrels to be had this early in the year.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ekorrungarekorrungarbaby squirrelsekorrung · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fannssåthisså · adverbmodifies tidigthärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase såtidigtearlytidig · adverbmodifies fannsBackbone mistags this as an adverb; the surface (tidigt) is the neuter/adverbial form of the adjective tidig.
påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking åretåretyearår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fanns- 15
But she was sure of her facts and asked them to look in the squirrel cage, and that they did.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of säkervarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to säkersäkersuresäker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasepåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking saksinhersig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of saksakthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of säkerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbadaskedbe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with säkerSurface 'bad' is genuinely ambiguous between the noun 'bad' (a bath) and the past tense of the verb 'be' (asked). Only ch03-p15-s1 is the verb sense ('asked'); ch03-p74-s3, ch16-p36-s2, and ch22-p49-s8 are all the noun 'bad' (bath/bathing), which the noun morphology tag on this key actually points to. The glosser's original gloss 'asked' fit only 1 of 4 examples.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of seskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of badeftercheckefter · prepositiondepends on seiini · prepositionpreposition marking ekorrburenekorrburenthe squirrel cageekorrbure · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of seochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gjorde And there, sure enough, lay on the leaf bed in the chamber four small, half-naked and half-blind young, which were at least a couple of days old.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåtheredå · subordinating conjunctionmodifies lågolågolaylågo · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasemistagged as a noun; this is the archaic plural past tense of ligga 'to lie' (they lay).
därtheredär · adverbmodifies lövbäddenpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking lövbäddenlövbäddenthe leaf bedlövbädd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lågoiini · prepositionpreposition marking kammarenkammarenthe roomkammar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lövbäddenfyrafourfyra · numeral, nominativequantifies småsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies halvnaknahalvnaknahalf-nakedhalvnakn · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies lövbäddenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhalvblindahalf-blindhalvblind · adjective, nominativemodifies ungarungaryoung onesung · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with halvnaknasomthatsom · pronounsubject of voroThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
vorowerevoro · pronounadverbial clause on halvnaknaHistorical plural past form of vara.
åtminstoneat leaståtminstone · adverbmodifies parettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies dardardaysd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with halvnaknagamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with halvnakna- 16
When the father of the house himself saw the young ones, he said: "Whatever the truth of this may be, it is certain that we here on this farm have behaved in such a way that we ought to be ashamed before both beast and man."
Närwhennär · adverbintroduces the clause of sågFunctions as a subordinating conjunction, not an adverb.
farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying farioni · prepositionpreposition marking gårdengårdenfarmgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sadepast tense of se, 'to see.'
ungarnayoung onesunge · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sågsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeDetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varamåmaymå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varavarabevara · verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to »hurhowhur · adverbmodifies villdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of villvillwantsvilja · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of varamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of villmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvisstcertainviss · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with villärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to visstdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with visstattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of buritviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of burithärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase viioni · prepositionpreposition marking gårdengårdenfarmgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of härharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of buritburitbehavedburit · verb, active, supinedepends on visstossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of buritåtin that wayåt · prepositiondepends on buritsåthat wayså · adverbpart of the phrase åtattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fårviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fårfårought tofå · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on visstskämmasbe ashamedskämma · verb, passive, infinitivecomplement of fårförbeforeför · prepositionpreposition marking djurbådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdjuranimalsdjur · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of skämmasochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with djur And with that he lifted the female squirrel and all the young out of the cage and laid them in old grandmother's apron.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärmedwith thatdärmed · adverbmodifies plockadeplockadepickedplocka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of plockadeutoutut · adverbdepends on plockadeekorrhonanfemale squirrelekorrhona · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of plockadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ungarnaungarnayoungunge · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with ekorrhonanurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking burenburencagebur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ungarnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationladelaidla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with plockade"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
demthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of ladeiini · prepositionpreposition marking förklädegamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies morsmorsgrandmother'sma · noun, genitive, common gender, pluralpossessor of förklädeförklädeapronförkläde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of lade"Go out to the cattle pasture with them," he said, "and let them have their freedom back!"
Gågogå · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Gåutoutut · adverbdepends on Gåitoi · prepositionpreposition marking nöthagennöthagencattle pasturenöthag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of GåNöt here is the collective noun 'cattle,' not 'nut.'
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies nöthagensadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Gåhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlåtletlåta · verb, imperative, activecoordinated with sadedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of låtfåhavefå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låtsintheirsig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of frihetfrihetfreedomfrihet · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåtillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies få- 17
This was the event that became so much talked about and even got into the newspapers, but which most people did not want to believe, because they could not explain how such a thing could have happened.
Dennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of händelsehändelseeventhändelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularrelative clause on händelsesomthatsom · pronounsubject of blevThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
blevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on detsåsoså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies omtaladomtaladmuch talked-aboutomtalad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtilleventill · prepositioncoordinated with omtaladochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase tillmedwithmed · prepositionpart of the phrase tillkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with bleviintoi · prepositionpreposition marking tidningarnatidningarnanewspaperstidning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kommenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsomthatsom · pronoundirect object of sättaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of flestaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
flestamostmången · adjective, nominative, plural, superlativesubject of sättaintenotinte · particlemodifies sättavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sättasättato set/putsätta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with blevtrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of sättatillintill · prepositionpreposition marking sättadärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of förklaraattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därfördetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of förklaraintenotinte · particlemodifies förklarakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förklaraförklaraexplainförklara · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sättahurhowhur · adverbmodifies händanågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sådantsådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on händahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of händakunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of händahändato happenhända · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of förklara - 18
A couple of days later there occurred yet another such strange event.
Ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies dardardaysd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of tilldrogsenarelatersen · adverbmodifies tilldrogtilldrogoccurredtilldrog · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tilldrogännuanotherännu · adverbmodifies enenaen · determiner, common gender, singularquantifies sådansådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of tilldrogsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
därtheredär · adverbpreposition marking händelsebesynnerligstrangebesynnerlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies händelsehändelseeventhändelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sådan A flock of wild geese came down one morning onto a field far off in eastern Skåne, not far from the great estate of Vittskövle.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of flockflockflockflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vildgässvildgässwild geesevildgäss · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of morgonmorgonmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslogcame downslå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with komLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
nerdownner · adverbdepends on slogpåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking åkerenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singulardeterminer of åkeråkerfieldåka · verb, present, indicative, activeoblique complement of slogMislemmatized: surface is 'åker', the noun ('a field'), in both attested examples ('slog ner på en åker', 'stänger för en åker') — not a form of the verb åka ('to ride/drive'). Gloss corrected to the noun sense actually attested.
bortafar offborta · adverbmodifies slogiini · prepositionpreposition marking Skåneöstraeasternöstra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies SkåneSkåneSkåneSkåne · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of bortaintenotinte · particlemodifies långtlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies gårdenfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking gårdendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gårdenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gårdenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
gårdenestategård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies VittskövleVittskövleVittskövleVittskövle · proper noun, nominativesubject of komIn the flock there were thirteen geese of the ordinary gray color and one white gander, who carried on his back a little fellow dressed in yellow leather breeches, a green waistcoat, and a white peaked cap.
Iini · prepositionpreposition marking flockenflockenflockflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of funnosfunnosthere werefunnos · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceOld plural past tense of 'finnas', existential 'there were/existed'.
trettonthirteentretton · numeral, nominativedepends on funnosgässgeesegäss · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with funnosavofav · prepositionpreposition marking färgvanligordinaryvanlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies färggrågraygrå · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies färgfärgcolorfärg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gässochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåskarlvitwhitevit · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gåskarlgåskarlgandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with funnossomwhosom · pronounsubject of barThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
barcarriedba · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on gåskarlTagged present tense, but every occurrence is the old preterite of bära ("carried"), not the present.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking ryggsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of ryggryggbackrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of barenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of parvellitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies parvelparvellittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of barsomwhosom · pronounsubject of kläddThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to kläddklädddressedklädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on gåskarliini · prepositionpreposition marking skinnbyxorgulayellowgul · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies skinnbyxorskinnbyxorleather breechesskinnbyxor · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of kläddgröngreengrön · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies västvästwaistcoatväst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with kläddochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvitwhitevit · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies toppluvatoppluvapointed captoppluva · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with klädd- 19
They were now quite close to the Baltic, and in the field where the geese had come down the soil was mixed with sand, as it tends to be near sea coasts.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ÖstersjönSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralpart of the phrase Dearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
nunownu · adverbmodifies rätträttrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Östersjönnäranearnära · prepositionpreposition marking ÖstersjönÖstersjönthe Baltic SeaÖstersjön · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking åkernåkernfieldåker · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Östersjöndärtheredär · adverbmodifies slagitgässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slagitgässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slagitslagitcome downslå · verb, active, supinerelative clause on åkernnerdownner · adverbdepends on slagitvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to sandblandadjordenearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sandblandadsandblandadmixed with sandsandblandad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularparallel clause to Östersjönsåsomassåsom · adverbintroduces the clause of brukardenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of brukarbrukartends tobruka · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with Östersjönvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecomplement of brukarvidnearvid · prepositionpreposition marking havskusterhavskustersea coastshavskust · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of brukar It seemed as though there had once been loose drifting sand in that region, which had needed to be bound down, for in several places large planted pine forests could be seen.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tycktestycktesseemedtycktes · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentencesomas thoughsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of funnitsomifom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with funnitsdärtheredär · adverbmodifies funnitsiini · prepositionpreposition marking traktentraktenregiontrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of funnitsförutbeforeförut · adverbmodifies funnitsskullehadskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of funnitshahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of funnitsfunnitsexisted/been foundfunnits · verb, passive, supineadverbial clause on tycktesrörligdriftingrörlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies flygsandflygsanddrifting sandflygsand · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of funnitssomwhichsom · pronounsubject of passive bindasThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bindasbehövtneededbehövt · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bindasbindasbe bound downbinda · verb, passive, infinitiverelative clause on flygsandförforför · prepositionpreposition marking hållpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking hållfleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hållhålldirectionshåll · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of tallskogarsågoswere seensågos · adverbmodifies storaHistorical plural past passive of se, ‘to see’.
storabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tallskogarplanteradeplantedplanterad · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with storatallskogarpine foreststallskog · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of bindas- 20
When the wild goose had grazed a while, some children came walking along the edge of the field.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of betatvildgåsenwild goosevildgås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of betathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of betatbetathad grazedbeta · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on kommoenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of betatkommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencekommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
någrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of barnbarnchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of kommogåendewalkinggå · adjective, nominativecomplement of kommoPresent participle gående used adjectivally/adverbially.
påalongpå · prepositionpreposition marking åkerrenenåkerrenenthe field edgeåkerren · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommo The goose that stood on watch at once threw herself up into the air with loud beating wings, so that the whole flock should hear that there was danger about.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåsengåsengoosegås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounsubject of stodThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
stodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on gåsenpåonpå · prepositiondepends on stodvaktwatchvakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase påkastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kastadegenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies kastadeuppupupp · adverbmodifies kastadeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kastademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vingslagsmällandeloudly beatingsmällande · adjective, nominativemodifies vingslagvingslagwingbeatvingslag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kastadeförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of höraattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase förhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies flockenflockenflockflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höraskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörahörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stodattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of faradetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of faravarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to farafaradangerfara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of hörasome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
åaboutå · prepositionpreposition marking färdeMostly used as the noun for a small river (Ronneby å); the idiom fara å färde 'be afoot/underway' is an old prepositional use.
färdeafootfärde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies faraArchaic noun surviving only in the idiom 'fara å färde', 'danger afoot/about'.
All the wild geese flew up, but the white one stayed calmly on the ground.
Allaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flögoattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
flögoflewflögo · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense.
uppupupp · adverbdepends on flögomenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vitevitethe white onevite · adverbsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with flögolugntcalmlylugnd · adverbcomplement of gickkvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on gickpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickWhen he saw the others fleeing, he lifted his head and called after them: "You needn't fly off for those."
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of såghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on lyftepast tense of se, 'to see.'
detheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of andrasurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
andraothersannan · pronoun, pluralsubject of sågflyto fleefly · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of såglyfteliftedlyfte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lyftehuvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of lyfteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lyfteefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of ropadeIntenotinte · particlemodifies flygabehöverneedbehöva · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of flyganiyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flygasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
flygaflyflyga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceundanoffundan · adverbdepends on flygaförfromför · prepositionpreposition marking dedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraloblique complement of flygadärtheredär · adverbmodifies de"It's only a couple of children."
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of barnärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to barnjuyou knowju · adverbmodifies barnbarajustbara · adverbmodifies barnettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies barnbarnchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralhead of the phrase- 21
The little fellow who had ridden on his back sat on a tussock at the edge of the woods, picking apart a pine cone to get at the seeds.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of parvelnlillalittleliten · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies parvelnparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsomwhosom · pronounsubject of passive riditThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of riditriditriddenridi · verb, active, supinerelative clause on parvelnpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking rygghanshishan · pronounpossessor of ryggryggbackrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of riditsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking tuvaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tuvatuvatussocktuva · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattiati · prepositionpreposition marking skogsbrynetskogsbrynetedge of the forestskogsbryn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies tuvaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationplockadepickedplocka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattsönderapart/brokensönder · adverbdepends on plockadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tallkotttallkottpine conetallkott · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of plockadeförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of kommaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying tallkottåtatåt · prepositionpreposition marking frönafrönathe seedsfröna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of komma The children were so close to him that he dared not run across the field to reach the white one.
Barnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralhead of the phrasevorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies honomPast plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Barnensåsoså · adverbmodifies näranäranearnära · adverbmodifies BarnenType lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tordeshanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive tordesintenotinte · particlemodifies tordestordesdaredtora · verb, past, indicative, passiveclause modifying BarnenHistorical past form of töras, ‘dare’.
springato runspringa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tordesOne cited example uses the homograph springa "slit/crack" (a different noun); this type is the infinitive verb "to run".
överacrossöver · prepositionpreposition marking åkernåkernfieldåker · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of springaframforwardfram · adverbmodifies springatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking vitedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vitevitewhite onevite · adjective, nominative, singularoblique complement of framDefinite adjective used as a noun, 'the white one', referring to the gander.
He hid himself quickly under a large, dry thistle leaf and at the same time let out a cry of warning.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gömdegömdehidgömde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of gömdehastigtquicklyhastig · adverbmodifies gömdeunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking tistelbladettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of tistelbladstortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies tistelbladtorrtdrytorr · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tistelbladtistelbladthistle leaftistelblad · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of gömdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationuppgavlet out (a cry)uppge · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gömdepåat oncepå · prepositionpreposition marking gångsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of gånggångtimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uppgavettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of varningsropvarningsropcry of warningvarningsrop · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of uppgav- 22
But the white one had clearly resolved not to let himself be scared.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vitevitewhite onevit · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of föresattDefinite form used as a noun, referring to the white gander.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of föresatttydligenclearlytydligen · adverbmodifies föresattföresattresolvedföresatt · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of föresattatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of låtainfinitive marker before a verb.
intenotinte · particlemodifies låtalåtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on föresattskrämmato frightenskrämma · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låtasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of skrämma He went on standing calmly in the field and did not so much as look to see where the children were headed.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencealltjämtstillalltjämt · adverbmodifies gickkvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on gickpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking åkernåkernfieldåker · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickpast tense of se, 'to see.'
intenotinte · particlemodifies sågenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångso much asgång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sågeftercheckefter · prepositionintroduces the clause of styrdevartwherevar · adverbmodifies styrdebarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of styrdestyrdesteeredstyra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sågkosancoursekosa · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of styrde'styra kosan' = 'to head/make one's way'.
- 23
The children, however, turned off the road, went across the field, and drew near the gander.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vekoSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vekoturned offveko · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraseThis is the past tense of the verb 'vika' (to turn/fold/yield), mistagged as a noun.
emellertidhoweveremellertid · adverbmodifies vekoavoffav · prepositiondepends on vekofrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking vägenvägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vekogingowentgingo · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with vekoPast plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective.
överacrossöver · prepositionpreposition marking åkernåkernfieldåker · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gingoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärmadeapproachednärma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vekosigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of närmadegåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of närmademorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
When he finally looked up, they were right upon him, and now he grew so bewildered and confused that he forgot he could fly, and hurried away from them running.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of såghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågäntligenfinallyäntligen · adverbmodifies sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on voropast tense of se, 'to see.'
uppupupp · adverbdepends on sågvorowerevoro · verb, imperative, activeadverbial clause on bestörtOld plural past tense of vara ('to be'), mistagged here as imperative.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of voroalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies honominpåright up oninpå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies deochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on bestörthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevsåsoså · adverbmodifies bestörtbestörtbewilderedbestöra · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförvirradconfusedförvirrad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with bestörtattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of glömdehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of glömdeglömdeforgotglömde · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on bestörtbortawaybort · adverbdepends on glömdeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of flygahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flygakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flygaflygaflyflyga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on bestörtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with flygaundanawayundan · adverbdepends on skyndadedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of skyndadespringanderunningspringande · adjective, nominativecomplement of skyndadeThe children followed after, chased him down into a ditch, and caught him there.
Barnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of följdeföljdefollowedfölja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceefterafterefter · prepositiondepends on följdejagadechasedjaga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with följdenerdownner · adverbdepends on jagadehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of jagadeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking dikeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of dikedikeditchdike · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of jagadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfångadecaughtfånga · adjective, nominative, singularcoordinated with jagadehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of fångadedärtheredär · adverbmodifies fångadeThe biggest of them tucked him under his arm and carried him off.
Detaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of störstastörstabiggeststor · adjective, nominative, superlativehead of the phraseavofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies störstastacktuckedstack · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies störstaThis is actually the past tense of the verb stinga 'to stick/poke', mistagged as a noun.
ininin · adverbdepends on störstahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of störstaunderunderunder · prepositionmodifies störstasinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of armarmarmarm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase underochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase underbarcarriedbara · verb, present, indicative, activepart of the phrase underLemma tag is odd; surface 'bar' is the past tense of bära, 'to carry', also used idiomatically in 'det bar av' = 'off they went'.
bortawaybort · adverbdepends on barhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of bar- 24
When the little fellow lying under the thistle leaf saw this, he sprang up, as if he had meant to take the gander away from the children.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsomwhosom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
låglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on parvelnunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking tistelbladettistelbladetthe thistle leaftistelblad · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of lågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sprangpast tense of se, 'to see.'
dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sågsprangransprang · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of spranguppupupp · adverbdepends on sprangsomas ifsom · pronounsubject of taThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of velathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of velathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of velatvelatwantedvela · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on talemma should be vilja 'to want'; velat is its supine form.
tato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on spranggåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of tamorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
ifrånfromifrån · prepositionpreposition marking barnenbarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of ta But then he remembered how small and powerless he was, and instead threw himself down on the tussock and hammered furiously on the ground with his fists.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komvälindeedväl · adverbmodifies komihågto mind (remember)ihåg · adverbdepends on komonly occurs in the fixed phrase komma ihåg 'to remember'.
hurhowhur · adverbmodifies litenlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hanochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmaktlöspowerlessmaktlös · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with litenhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ursinnigtvarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularcopula linking to ursinnigtthe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with varsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kastadeiinsteadi · prepositionmodifies kastadeställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase inerdownner · adverbpart of the phrase ipåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking tuvantuvantussocktuva · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of iochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhamradehammeredhamra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with varursinnigtfuriouslyursinnig · adverbdirect object of kompåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking knytnävarnaknytnävarnahis fistsknytnävare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies marken- 25
The gander cried out for help with all his might: "Thumbietot, come and help me!"
Gåskarlenthe ganderGåskarlen · proper noun, nominativesubject of ropaderopadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåforpå · prepositionpreposition marking krafterhjälphelphjälp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase påavwithav · prepositionpart of the phrase påallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of krafterkrafterstrengthkraft · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of ropadeTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativehead of the phrasethe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
komcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with Tummetottochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhjälphelphjälp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with kommigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of Tummetott "Thumbietot, come and help me!"
TummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativehead of the phrasethe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
komcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with Tummetottochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhjälphelphjälp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with kommigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of komBut at this the boy began to laugh right in the middle of his anguish.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhärvidat thishärvid · adverbmodifies börjademeans 'in connection with this' or 'at this point'.
börjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of börjadepåtopå · prepositionintroduces the clause of skrattaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of skrattainfinitive marker before a verb.
skrattalaughskratta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on börjademittin the middlemitt · adverbmodifies skrattaiini · prepositionpreposition marking ångestenångestenanguishångest · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skratta"Yes, I'm just the one to help someone, I am," he said.
Jowell/yesjo · interjectiondepends on rätteused to affirm or answer a question, often contradicting an implied doubt.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rätteärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to rättejustjustjust · adverbmodifies rättedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rätterättethe right onerätte · adjective, nominative, singularhead of the phrasejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with rätteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hjälpainfinitive marker before a verb.
hjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitivedepends on rättenågonsomeonenågon · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälpasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to rättehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade- 26
All the same he got up and followed after the gander.
Iall the samei · prepositionpreposition marking fallallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fallfallcasesfall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of resterestegot upresa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of restesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of resteuppupupp · adverbdepends on resteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationföljdefollowedfölja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with resteefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking gåskarlengåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of följdemorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
"I can't help him," he said, "but I want at least to see what they do with him."
Intenotinte · particlemodifies hjälpakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hjälpajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hjälpahjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälpasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hjälpahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sevillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of seåtminstoneat leaståtminstone · adverbmodifies seseseese · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sadevarwasvara · adverbcopula linking to görThis is the past tense "var" of vara ("to be"), not an adverb; the parser mistagged it.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of görgördoesgöra · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of seavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gör- 27
The children had a good head start, but the boy had no trouble keeping them in sight, until he came to a hollow in the ground where a spring brook rushed along.
Barnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of försprånggottgoodgott · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies försprångförsprånghead startförsprång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hadeingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of svårighetsvårighetdifficultysvårighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of behållainfinitive marker before a verb.
behållato keepbehålla · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying svårighetdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of behållaiini · prepositionmodifies behållasiktesightsikte · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase iförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies komused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hadetilluntiltill · prepositionintroduces the clause of sänkaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sänkasänkahollowsänka · verb, active, infinitiveoblique complement of komA homograph noun sänka ("hollow, dip in the ground") also occurs in the corpus and is unrelated.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sänkadärtheredär · adverbmodifies brusadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vårbäckvårbäckspring brookvårbäck · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brusadebrusaderoaredbrusa · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on markenframforwardfram · adverbdepends on brusade It was neither broad nor mighty, but even so he had to run a long way along the bank before he found a spot where he could jump across.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of bredvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to bredvarkenneithervarken · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbredbroadbred · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmäktigmightymäktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with bredmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationieven soi · prepositionpreposition marking fallallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fallfallcasesfall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of springamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of springahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of springaspringato runspringa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with bredOne cited example uses the homograph springa "slit/crack" (a different noun); this type is the infinitive verb "to run".
längelonglänge · adverbmodifies springautmedalongutmed · prepositionpreposition marking kantenkantenedgekant · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of springainnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fannhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannfannfoundfinna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on springaettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ställeställeplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fanndärtheredär · adverbmodifies hoppahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hoppakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hoppahoppajumphoppa · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on ställeöveracrossöver · prepositiondepends on hoppa- 28
When he came up out of the hollow, the children had vanished.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on försvunnauppupupp · adverbdepends on komurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking sänkansänkanthe hollowsänka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komvorowerevoro · verb, imperative, activeauxiliary of försvunnaOld plural past tense of vara ('to be'), mistagged here as imperative.
barnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of passive försvunnaförsvunnavanishedförsvunna · verb, present, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentence He could still see their tracks on a narrow path that led into the forest, and he went on following them.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seändåstilländå · adverbmodifies seseseese · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencederastheirde · pronounpossessor of spårpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
spårtracksspår · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of sepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking stigenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stigsmalnarrowsmal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stigstigpathstig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of seMostly the noun 'stig' (path), mistagged as an adjective; one example is instead the imperative 'stig opp!' (get up!) of the verb stiga.
somthatsom · pronounsubject of fördeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
fördeledföra · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on stigSecond example 'en smal stig, som förde inåt skogen' = 'a narrow path that led into the forest' — a path leading, not carrying — a distinct sense from the first example ('förde ju lycka med sig' = 'brought good luck').
inåtintoinåt · prepositionpreposition marking skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fördeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fortsattefortsattecontinuedfortsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with seatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of följainfinitive marker before a verb.
följato followfölja · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fortsattedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of följa- 29
Soon he came to a crossroads, and here the children must have parted ways, for the tracks went off in two directions.
Snartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking korsvägenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of korsvägkorsvägcrossroadskorsväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhärherehär · adverbmodifies måttemåttemustmåtte · adverbmodifies barnenModal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means "must"; the perfect sense ("must have") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain "must."
barnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of passive skiltshahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of skiltsskiltsparted waysskilts · verb, passive, supinecoordinated with komåtapartåt · prepositiondepends on skiltsförforför · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with skiltsspårtracksspår · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of gickåtinåt · prepositionpreposition marking hålltvåtwotvå · numeral, nominativequantifies hållhålldirectionshåll · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of gick Now the little fellow looked quite forlorn.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
parvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies översiggivenöversiggivenforlornöversiggiv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of sågThe archaic expression översiggiven means dejected or forlorn.
utlookut · adverbdepends on översiggiven- 30
But just then he caught sight, on a heather tussock, of a little white down feather.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiati · prepositionpreposition marking detsammadetsammajust thendensamma · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fickfickcaught sightfå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking ljungtuvaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ljungtuvaljungtuvaheather tussockljungtuva · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fickseseese · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fickettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of dunlitetsmallliten · adverbmodifies vittthis type bundles the positive and comparative degree forms (litet, mindre) under one entry.
vittwhitevi · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies dundundown featherdun · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of se He understood that the gander had dropped it by the roadside to show him which way he had been carried, and so he continued on his way.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstodförstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kastatgåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kastathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kastatkastatdroppedkasta · verb, active, supineclausal complement of förstoddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of kastatvidbyvid · prepositionpreposition marking vägkantenvägkantenroadsidevägkante · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kastatförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of visaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of visainfinitive marker before a verb.
visato showvisa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kastathonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of visaåtinåt · prepositionpreposition marking hållhvilketwhichhvilket · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hållHistorical spelling of modern vilket.
hålldirectionhåll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of visahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinerelative clause on hållburencagebur · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of blivitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärförsodärför · adverbmodifies fortsattefortsattecontinuedfortsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kastathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fortsattesinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of färdfärdjourneyfärd · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fortsatteHe then followed the children through the whole forest.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of följdeföljdefollowedfölja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesedanthensedan · prepositionpreposition marking barnenAlso glossed as preposition (since/for/ago), but example ch03-p30-s3 ('Han följde sedan barnen...') uses sedan adverbially to mean 'then/afterward', a sense the original senses list omitted.
barnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of följdegenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking skogenhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of följdeHe did not catch sight of the gander, but wherever he might have taken the wrong path, a little white down feather lay and set him right.
Gåskarlenthe ganderGåskarlen · proper noun, nominativesubject of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågintenotinte · particlemodifies sågtilloftill · prepositiondepends on sågmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarhelstwherevervarhelst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase menMistagged as a noun; varhelst is a conjunction/adverb meaning 'wherever'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of takundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sågmistewrongmiste · adverbdepends on taommissedom · prepositionpreposition marking vägenvägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sågettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of vittlitetsmallliten · adverbmodifies vittthis type bundles the positive and comparative degree forms (litet, mindre) under one entry.
vittwhitevi · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies dundundown featherdun · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvisadeshowedvisa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with såghonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of visadetillrighttill · prepositionmodifies visaderättarighträtta · adjective, nominative, pluralpart of the phrase till- 31
The little fellow faithfully went on following the down feathers.
Parvelnthe little fellowParvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fortsattefortsattecontinuedfortsata · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetrogetfaithfullytroget · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fortsatteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of följainfinitive marker before a verb.
följato followfölja · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fortsattedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldirect object of följadärtheredär · adverbmodifies följadunenthe down feathersdun · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of följa They led him out of the forest, across a couple of fields, up onto a road, and at last through a manor avenue.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fördefördeledföra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceSecond example 'en smal stig, som förde inåt skogen' = 'a narrow path that led into the forest' — a path leading, not carrying — a distinct sense from the first example ('förde ju lycka med sig' = 'brought good luck').
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of fördeutoutut · adverbmodifies fördeurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utöveroveröver · adverbpreposition marking åkerfältettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies åkerfältåkerfältfieldsåkerfält · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of fördeuppupupp · adverbadverbial clause on åkerfältpåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking vägenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vägvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uppochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies framsistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase tillframforwardfram · adverbcoordinated with väggenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking herrgårdsalléenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of herrgårdsalléherrgårdsallémanor avenueherrgårdsallé · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of framAt the end of the avenue gables and towers of red brick came into view, adorned with light-colored stripes and ornaments.
Vidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking slutetslutetendslut · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of skymtadeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking allénallénthe avenueallén · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies slutetDespite the plural tag, surfaces as the singular definite 'allén' (the avenue/tree-lined lane) in all examples.
skymtadecame into viewskymta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegavlargablesgavl · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of skymtadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtorntowerstor · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with gavlarPlural of torn ('tower'); lemma mislabeled 'tor'.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking tegelröttredröt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies tegeltegelbricktegel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tornpryddaadornedprydda · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with skymtademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ränderljusapale/lightljus · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ränderränderstripesränd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of pryddaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsiraterornamentssirat · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with ränderWhen the little fellow saw that there was a manor house here, he thought he understood what had become of the gander.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on troddepast tense of se, 'to see.'
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of låghärherehär · adverbmodifies låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of sågenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of herrgårdherrgårdmanor househerrgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lågtroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of troddesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of troddeförståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of troddevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on blivitsomthatsom · pronounsubject of blivitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineclausal complement of troddeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking gåskarlengåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of blivitmorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
"The children have surely carried the gander to the manor house and sold him there, and by now he's probably already slaughtered," he said to himself.
Säkerligensurelysäkerligen · adverbmodifies buritharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of buritbarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of buritburitcarriedburit · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencegåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of buritmorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
framforwardfram · adverbmodifies burittilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking herrgårdenherrgårdenmanor househerrgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of buritochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåltsoldsåla · verb, active, supinecoordinated with burithonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of såltdärtheredär · adverbmodifies såltochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåby nowdå · adverbmodifies slaktadärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to slaktadhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slaktadnogprobablynog · adverbmodifies slaktadredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies slaktadslaktadslaughteredslaktad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with buritsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with slaktadhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of sadesjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sigBut he did not seem willing to be content without finding out for certain, and ran forward with redoubled eagerness.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktestycktesseemedtycktes · verb, past, indicativeauxiliary of nöjaintenotinte · particlemodifies nöjaviljato wantvilja · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of nöjanöjabe satisfiednöja · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceReflexive 'nöja sig' = content oneself.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of nöjautanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of fåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fåfind outfå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on nöjariktigtfor certainriktig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies beskedbeskedanswerbesked · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsprangransprangma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fåLemma is corrupted; surfaces are only "sprang" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma.
framåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies sprangmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking iverökadincreasedöka · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies iverivereagernessiv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sprangParser split 'iver' into two spurious lemmas ('iva'/'iv'); both mean eagerness.
He met no one in the whole avenue, and that was just as well, for such as he tend to be anxious about being seen by people.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of möttemöttemetmötte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies möttenågonno onenågon · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of mötteiini · prepositionpreposition marking allénhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies allénallénthe avenueallén · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of mötteDespite the plural tag, surfaces as the singular definite 'allén' (the avenue/tree-lined lane) in all examples.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gottvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gottjuafter allju · adverbmodifies gottgottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with mötteföraboutför · prepositionpreposition marking sådanasådanasuchsån · pronoun, pluraladverbial clause on gottColloquial/old plural of sådan ('such').
somassom · pronoundirect object of brukaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brukabrukatend tobruka · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying sådanaFirst example ('hon knappast kunde bruka den' = 'she could scarcely use it', of an injured wing) is the sense 'to use', which was missing from the senses list.
varabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to ängsligaängsligaanxiousängslig · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of brukaföraboutför · prepositionintroduces the clause of bliatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bliinfinitive marker before a verb.
blibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on brukaseddaseensedda · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of bliavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralagent of sedda- 32
The manor house he came to was a stately, old-fashioned building consisting of four ranges of buildings enclosing a courtyard.
Herrgårdenmanor househerrgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of präktigsomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of komThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Herrgårdentilltotill · prepositiondepends on komvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to präktigenaen · determiner, common gender, singularcopula linking to präktigpräktigsplendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasegammaldagsold-fashionedgammaldags · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies byggnadbyggnadbuildingbyggnad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with präktigochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbestodconsistedbestå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with präktigavofav · prepositionpreposition marking huslängorfyrafourfyra · numeral, nominativequantifies huslängorhuslängorranges of buildingshuslänga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralagent of bestodsomthatsom · pronounsubject of omgåvoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omgåvoenclosedomgåvo · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralrelative clause on huslängorOmgåvo is the historical plural past form of omgiva, modern omgav.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of borggårdborggårdcourtyardborggård · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of omgåvo On the east side there was a deep gateway passage leading in to the courtyard.
Påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sidanöstraeasternöstra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sidansidansidesida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of portvalvdjuptdeepdjup · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies portvalvportvalvgateway archportvalv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of fannssomthatsom · pronounsubject of leddeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
leddeledleda · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on portvalvininin · adverbdepends on leddepåintopå · prepositionpreposition marking borggårdenborggårdencourtyardborggård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of leddeThat far the little fellow ran without hesitation, but when he got there, he stopped.
Såthatså · adverbmodifies långtlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies sprangsprangransprang · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sprangutanwithoututan · prepositionpreposition marking tvekantvekanhesitationtvekan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sprangmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sprangdittheredit · adverbmodifies komstannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with spranghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stannadeFarther he did not dare venture, and so he stood there wondering what he should do now.
LängrefartherLängre · adverbmodifies vågadevågadedaredvåga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vågadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vågadeintenotinte · particlemodifies vågadeutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
härherehär · adverbmodifies blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on vågadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevståendestandingståe · adjective, nominativecomplement of blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfunderadeponderedfunderad · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with blevpast tense of fundera ('to ponder'); mistagged as adjective.
påaboutpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of tavadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of tahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tanunownu · adverbmodifies taskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on blevsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tatilldotill · prepositiondepends on ta- 33
The little fellow still stood there with his finger on his nose, thinking, when he heard footsteps behind him, and when he turned around, he saw a whole crowd of people coming up the avenue.
Parvelnthe little fellowParvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceännustillännu · adverbmodifies stodkvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on stodmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking fingretfingretthe fingerfingr · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stodpåaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking näsannäsannosenäsa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stoddåwhendå · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hördehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on stodstegstepsteg · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hördebakombehindbakom · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of hördeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vändehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändevändeturnedväna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodPast tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vändeomaroundom · prepositionpreposition marking vändesågsawsåga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodMislemmatized: surface is 'såg', the past tense of se ('to see'/'looked'), in both examples ('såg han sig om' = 'looked around'), not a form of såga ('to saw'). Gloss corrected to 'saw' (as in 'he saw/looked').
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skarahelwholehel · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies skaraskaraflockskara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies folkfolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of sågkommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of såggåendewalkinggå · adjective, nominativedirect object of kommaPresent participle gående used adjectivally/adverbially.
uppförupuppför · prepositionpreposition marking allénallénthe avenueallén · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kommaDespite the plural tag, surfaces as the singular definite 'allén' (the avenue/tree-lined lane) in all examples.
He slipped with the greatest haste behind a water barrel that happened to stand next to the gateway, and hid himself.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of smögsmögcrept/slippedsmöga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast tense of smyga ('to creep/slip'); lemma mislabeled 'smöga'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of smögmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking haststörstabiggeststor · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies hasthasthastehast · nounoblique complement of smögbakombehindbakom · prepositionpreposition marking vattentunnaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vattentunnavattentunnawater barrelvattentunna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of smögsomthatsom · pronounsubject of råkadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
råkadehappened toråka · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on vattentunnaståstandstå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of råkadebredvidbesidebredvid · prepositionpreposition marking portvalvetportvalvetthe gatewayportvalev · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ståochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgömdehidgömde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with smögsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of gömde- 34
The ones who were coming were some twenty young men from a folk high school, who were out on a walking tour.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasesomwhosom · pronounsubject of kommoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on Dekommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
vorowerevoro · verb, imperative, activecoordinated with kommoOld plural past tense of vara ('to be'), mistagged here as imperative.
ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of tjugutaltjugutalabout twentytjugutal · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies mänTjugu- is a historical variant of modern tjugo-.
ungayoungung · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies mänmänmenman · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of kommofrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking folkhögskolaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of folkhögskolafolkhögskolafolk high schoolfolkhögskola · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies mänsomwhosom · pronounsubject of voroThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
vorowerevoro · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on folkhögskolauteoutsideute · adverbmodifies voropåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking fotvandringfotvandringwalking tourfotvandring · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of voro They were accompanied by a teacher, and when they had reached the gateway, he asked them to wait there a while, while he went in and asked whether they might be allowed to view the old castle of Vittskövle.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of voroSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on åtföljdaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
åtföljdaaccompaniedåtföljda · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on badavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking lärareenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lärarelärareteacherlärare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies åtföljdaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hunnitdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hunnithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hunnithunnitreachedhinna · verb, active, supinecoordinated with åtföljdaframforwardfram · adverbdepends on hunnittilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking portvalvetportvalvetgateway archportvalv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hunnitbadaskedbe · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedennehe/this onedenne · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of badattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of väntadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of väntaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of väntaväntato waitvänta · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of baddärtheredär · adverbmodifies väntaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of väntamedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gickhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on väntaininin · adverbdepends on gickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fingedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fingefingemight get tofinge · verb, past, subjunctive, activeadverbial clause on frågadeArchaic past subjunctive of få ("to get/be allowed").
beseviewbese · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fingedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of borgengamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies borgenborgencastleborg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies VittskövleVittskövleVittskövleVittskövle · proper noun, nominativedirect object of bese- 35
The newcomers were warm and tired, as though they had made a long march.
Detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of nykomnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
nykomnanewcomersnykomn · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasevorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on varmaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
varmawarmvarma · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with nykomnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtröttatiredtrött · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with varmasomas thoughsom · pronounsubject of gjortThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gjortdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gjortskullehadskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjorthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of gjortgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supinerelative clause on nykomnaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vandringlånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vandringvandringjourneyvandring · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gjort One of them was so thirsty that he went up to the water barrel and bent down to drink.
Enoneman · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of törstigSurfaces are only "en"/"En" used as a counting pronoun ("en av dem" = "one of them"), not the indefinite generic pronoun man/en ("one does X"). Lemma is mistagged as man; it should be en (numeral pronoun "one"). Gloss "one" happens to still be correct.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies Envarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to törstigsåsoså · adverbmodifies törstigtörstigthirstytörstig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gickhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on törstigframforwardfram · adverbdepends on gicktilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking vattentunnanvattentunnanwater barrelvattentunna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationböjdebentböja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gicksighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of böjdenerdownner · adverbmodifies böjdeförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of drickaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of drickainfinitive marker before a verb.
drickadrinkdricka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on böjdeHe had a tin canister hanging around his neck, and he evidently found it in his way, for he flung it down on the ground.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bleckportörbleckportörtin canisterbleckportör · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies hängandehängandehanginghängande · adjective, nominativedirect object of hadeomaroundom · prepositionpreposition marking halsenhalsenneckhalse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hängandeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hadevisstcertainlyviss · adverbmodifies tycktesurface visst here is the adverb 'certainly/surely', not the adjective viss 'certain'.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hindradedennathisdenna · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of hindradehindradehinderedhindra · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on tycktehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hindradeförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of slängdehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slängdeslängdethrewslänga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tycktedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of slängdenerdownner · adverbdepends on slängdepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slängdeAt this the lid flew open, so that one could see there were some spring flowers lying inside it.
Härvidat thishärvid · adverbmodifies gickmeans 'in connection with this' or 'at this point'.
gickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencelocketlidlock · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of gickuppupupp · adverbdepends on gicksåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of seattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såmanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gickattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lågdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of senågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vårblommorvårblommorspring flowersvårblomma · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of lågiini · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularmodifies vårblommor- 36
The canister fell right in front of the little fellow, and now he must have thought that an excellent chance had presented itself to get into the castle and find out what had become of the gander.
Portörenthe canisterPortören · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of föllföllfellföll · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenerdownner · adverbdepends on föllalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies föllframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking parvelnparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of föllochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies hamåttemustmåtte · adverbmodifies haModal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means "must"; the perfect sense ("must have") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain "must."
dennehedenna · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of haArchaic masculine demonstrative "denne" used anaphorically for a previously named male person.
hahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of tyckttycktthoughttycka · verb, active, supinecoordinated with föllattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of yppadedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of yppadeyppadepresented itselfyppa · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tycktsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of yppadeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of tillfälleutmärktexcellentutmärkd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tillfälletillfällechancetillfälle · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of yppadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying tillfälleininin · adverbdepends on kommaiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking borgenborgencastleborg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of vetavetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kommavadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of blivitdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineclausal complement of vetaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking gåskarlengåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of blivitmorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
He slipped quickly down into the canister and hid himself, as best he could, under wood anemones and coltsfoot.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of smögsmögcrept/slippedsmöga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast tense of smyga ('to creep/slip'); lemma mislabeled 'smöga'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of smöghastigtquicklyhastig · adverbmodifies smögnerdownner · adverbmodifies smögiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking portörenportörenthe canisterportöre · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of smögOnly surface is definite 'portören'; every example translates it 'the canister'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgömdehidgömde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with smögsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of gömdesåasså · adverbmodifies kundegottbestgod · adverbpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kundekundecouldkunna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gömdeunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking sipporsipporanemonessippa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kundeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhästhovsörtcoltsfoothästhovsört · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with sippor- 37
He was scarcely hidden before the young man picked up the canister, hung it on himself, and snapped the lid shut.
Knappthardlyknappt · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hängdehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vargömdhiddengömd · verb, active, supinemodifies varförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies mannenused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of mannenungeyoung oneung · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularmodifies mannenmannenmanman · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lyftelyfteliftedlyfa · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to varuppupupp · adverbdepends on lyfteportörencanisterportör · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lyfteHere portör means a portable lidded container, not a porter.
hängdehunghängde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of hängdepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of hängdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmälldeclappedsmälla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hängdeigenagainigen · adverbdepends on smälldelocketlidlock · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of smällde - 38
The teacher now turned back and said they had been given leave to come into the castle.
Lärarenthe teacherLäraren · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändevändeturnedväna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända.
nunownu · adverbmodifies vändetillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies vändeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vändeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåttdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttfåttbeen givenfå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on vändetillåtelsepermissiontillåtelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåttatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying tillåtelseininin · adverbdepends on kommaiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking borgenborgencastleborg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komma At first he led them no farther than the courtyard.
Tillat firsttill · prepositionpreposition marking börjanenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of börjanbörjanbeginningbörjan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fördefördeledföra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceSecond example 'en smal stig, som förde inåt skogen' = 'a narrow path that led into the forest' — a path leading, not carrying — a distinct sense from the first example ('förde ju lycka med sig' = 'brought good luck').
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fördedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of fördeintenotinte · particlemodifies fördelängrefartherlänge · adverbmodifies fördeänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking borggårdentilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking borggårdenborggårdencourtyardborggård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fördeThere he stopped and began to talk to them about the old building.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies stannadestannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stannadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stannadetalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of talaomifom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking byggnadendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of byggnadengamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies byggnadenbyggnadenbuildingbyggnad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of började- 39
He reminded them that the first people who had lived here in this land had had to dwell in rock caves and earth holes, in animal-hide tents and brush huts, and that a long time had passed before they had hit upon the idea of timbering themselves houses out of tree trunks.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of påmindepåminderemindedpåmina · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of påmindeomofom · prepositionintroduces the clause of boattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bodetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of människorSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
förstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies människorsurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
människorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of bosomwhosom · pronounsubject of funnitsThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of funnitsfunnitsexisted/been foundfunnits · verb, passive, supinerelative clause on människorhärherehär · adverbmodifies funnitsiini · prepositionpreposition marking landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of funnitshadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bomåsthad tomåst · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of boboto livebo · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on påminde"To dwell/live"; not to be confused with bo, "nest".
iini · prepositionpreposition marking klippgrottorklippgrottorrock cavesklippgrotta · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of boochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjordhålorearth holesjordhåla · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with klippgrottoriini · prepositionpreposition marking djurhudstältdjurhudstältanimal-hide tentdjurhudstält · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of boochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationriskåtorbrush hutsriskåtor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with djurhudstältochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåttenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidlånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttpassedgå · verb, active, supinecoordinated with boinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of funnitdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of funnithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of funnitfunnitfoundfinna · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on gåttpåuppå · prepositiondepends on funnitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of timratimrabuild from logstimra · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on gåttsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativemodifies timrahushousehus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies timraavout ofav · prepositionpreposition marking trädstammarträdstammartree trunksträdstamm · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies hus And then, how long had they not had to labor and strive before they had come, from the timber cottage with its single room, all the way to raising a castle of a hundred rooms such as Vittskövle!
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsedanthensedan · adverbintroduces the clause of arbetahurhowhur · adverbmodifies arbetalängelonglänge · adverbmodifies arbetahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of arbetadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of arbetaintenotinte · particlemodifies arbetamåsthad tomåst · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of arbetaarbetaworkarbeta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsträvastrivesträva · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with arbetainnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of nåttdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of nåttfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking rummettimmerstuganthe timber cottagetimmerstuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase frånmedwithmed · prepositionpart of the phrase fråndetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of rummetendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativemodifies rummetrummetroomrumm · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of nåttOlder double-m spelling of modern rum.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of nåttnåttreachednå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on arbetaSupine of nå ('to reach').
framforwardfram · adverbdepends on nåtttilltotill · prepositionintroduces the clause of resaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of resainfinitive marker before a verb.
resato travelresa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on nåttenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of borgborgcastleborg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of resamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking rumhundrahundredhundra · numeral, nominativequantifies rumrumroomsrum · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies borgsådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Vittskövlesån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
somassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of VittskövleVittskövleVittskövleVittskövle · proper noun, nominativedirect object of arbeta- 40
It was some three hundred and fifty years ago that the rich and mighty built themselves castles such as this, he said.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of årvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to årföragoför · prepositionpreposition marking trehundrafemtienaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of trehundrafemtitrehundrafemtithree hundred fiftytrehundrafemti · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies åråryearsår · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralhead of the phrasesedanthensedan · adverbdepends on årsomthatsom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of byggdedetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of byggdeSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
rikarichrik · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies byggdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmäktigamightymäktig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with rikabyggdebuiltbygga · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on årsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of byggdesådanasuchsån · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies borgarhärherehär · adverbmodifies borgarborgarcastlesborg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of byggdesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to århanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade It was easy to see that Vittskövle had been raised at a time when war and robbers made things unsafe in Skåne.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with syntessynteseasy to seesyntes · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentencevälclearlyväl · adverbmodifies syntesattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of restVittskövleVittskövleVittskövle · proper noun, nominativesubject of restvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to restrestbuiltrest · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of syntesPast participle of resa in the sense 'to raise/erect (a building)'.
påatpå · prepositionpreposition marking tidenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of restdåwhendå · adverbmodifies gjordekrigwarkrig · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of gjordeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrövarerobbersrövare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with kriggjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on restdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of gjordeotryggtunsafeotrygg · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of gjordeiini · prepositionpreposition marking SkåneSkåneSkåneSkåne · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of gjordeAll around it was a moat filled with water, and across it there once led a bridge that could be wound up.
Runtaroundrunt · adverbmodifies fannsomkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gravvattenfylldfilled with watervattenfylld · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gravgravmoatgrav · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannsgrav can mean either a burial grave or a moat, depending on context.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationöveracrossöver · prepositionpreposition marking dennadennathisdenna · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of leddeleddeledleda · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fannsfordomdagsoncefordomdag · noun, genitive, common gender, singularsubject of leddeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of brobrobridgebro · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of leddesomthatsom · pronounsubject of vindasThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vindasvindasbe wound upvinda · verb, passive, infinitiverelative clause on brouppupupp · adverbdepends on vindasAbove the gateway there still stands to this day a watchtower, along the sides of the castle ran patrol walks, and in the corners stood solid towers with walls a meter thick.
Överoveröver · adverbpreposition marking portvalvetportvalvetgateway archportvalv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
ännustillännu · adverbmodifies fannsitodayi · prepositionmodifies fannsdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of vakttornvakttornwatchtowervakttorn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of fannsutmedalongutmed · prepositionpreposition marking sidorborgensthe castle'sborg · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of sidorsidorsidessida · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of löptelöpteranlöpt · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies väktargångarThe surface löpte is a past-tense verb, despite the adjective label.
väktargångarpatrol walksväktargång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of fannsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiati · prepositionpreposition marking hörnenhörnencornershörn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of stodostodostoodstodo · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fannsfastasolidfast · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies torntorntowerstor · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of stodoPlural of torn ('tower'); lemma mislabeled 'tor'.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking väggarmetertjockaa meter thickmetertjocka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies väggarväggarwallsvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of stodoBut even so this castle was not raised in the very wildest of the war years; rather, Jens Brahe, who built it, had also taken pains to make it into a handsome and richly ornamented house.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationändåeven soändå · adverbmodifies restvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to restintenotinte · particlemodifies restdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of borgenhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase denborgencastleborg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of restrestbuiltrest · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasePast participle of resa in the sense 'to raise/erect (a building)'.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking krigstidendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of krigstidenallraveryallra · adverbmodifies vildaste"Most of all" only fits "allra ondast" (angriest of all); in "allra vackraste," "allra tunnaste," and "allra förskräckligaste" allra intensifies the following superlative and renders as "very" (the very loveliest/thinnest/worst).
vildastewildestvildaste · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies krigstidenkrigstidenthe time of warkrigstid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of restutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
JensJensJens · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of lagtPersonal name.
BraheBraheBrahe · proper noun, nominativedepends on Jenssomwhosom · pronounsubject of byggdeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
byggdebuiltbygga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Jensdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of byggdehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lagtocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies lagtlagtlaidlägga · verb, active, supinecoordinated with restsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of lagtvinnpainsvinna · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of lagtomtoom · prepositionintroduces the clause of göraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göramakegöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on vinndenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of göratillintotill · prepositionpreposition marking husettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of husprydligthandsomeprydlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies siratochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationriktrichlyrik · adverbcoordinated with prydligtsiratornamentedsira · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hushushousehus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of göraIf they could see the great, solid stone house at Glimmingehus, which had been erected only a generation earlier, they would easily notice that Jens Holgersen Ulfstand, its builder, had asked for nothing but to build big and solid and strong, without giving a thought to making it beautiful and comfortable.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fingedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fingefingecouldfinge · verb, present, indicativeadverbial clause on seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on märkadettheen · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sethis type bundles three distinct functions of the neuter forms det/ett under one entry.
storabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularcomplement of seweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
fastasolidfast · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stenhusetstenhusetstone housestenhus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with storapåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking GlimmingeGlimmingeGlimmingeGlimminge · proper noun, nominativemodifies stenhusetsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of uppförtThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies uppförtuppförterecteduppföra · verb, active, supinedepends on sebarajustbara · adverbmodifies uppförtenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of mansåldermansåldera generationmansåld · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of uppförttidigareearlytidig · adverbmodifies mansålderBackbone mistags this as an adverb; the surface (tidigt) is the neuter/adverbial form of the adjective tidig.
skullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of märkadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of märkalätteasilylätt · adverbmodifies märkamärkato noticemärka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of frågatJensJensJens · proper noun, nominativepossessor of UlfstandPersonal name.
HolgersenHolgersenHolgersen · proper noun, nominativedepends on JensUlfstandUlfstandUlfstand · proper noun, nominativesubject of frågatsomwhosom · pronounsubject of byggherreThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to byggherredessitsden · pronounpossessor of byggherrech03-p50 example 'sedan dess' means 'since then', not possessive 'its' — pinning the gloss to 'its' teaches a lie for that collocation.
byggherrebuilderbyggherre · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on Ulfstandintenotinte · particlemodifies frågathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of frågatfrågataskedfråga · verb, active, supineclausal complement of märkaefteraboutefter · prepositiondepends on frågatannatanything elseannan · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase efteränthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of byggaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of byggainfinitive marker before a verb.
byggato buildbygga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on frågatstortbigstor · adverbmodifies byggaAdverbial use of stor ('big'); e.g. 'inte stort' = 'not much'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfastsolidfast · adverbcoordinated with stortochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstarktstrongstark · adverbcoordinated with byggaAdverbial form 'starkt' modifying nouns like a predicate adjective in these examples, sense shifts between 'loud' and 'strong/solid'.
utanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of kostaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kostainfinitive marker before a verb.
kostagiving a thoughtkosta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on starktenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tanketankethoughttanke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kostapåtopå · prepositionintroduces the clause of fåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fåmakefå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kostadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of fåvackertbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of fåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbekvämtcomfortablebekvämt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with vackertIf they were to see, on the other hand, such manors as Marsvinsholm and Snogeholm and Övedskloster, which had come into being one or another century later than Vittskövle, they would find that times had by then grown more peaceful.
Sågewere to seesåge · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on finnadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of Sågedäremoton the other handdäremot · adverbmodifies Sågesådanasuchsån · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies slottslottmanor housesslott · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of passive Sågesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of MarsvinsholmMarsvinsholmMarsvinsholmMarsvinsholm · proper noun, nominativeclause modifying slottochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationSnogeholmSnogeholmSnogeholm · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Marsvinsholmochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationÖvedsklosterÖvedsklosterÖvedskloster · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with MarsvinsholmManor estate name.
somwhichsom · pronounsubject of kommitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinerelative clause on slotttillinto beingtill · prepositionpreposition marking Vittskövleettaen · numeral, nominative, neuter, singularquantifies århundradeelleroreller · conjunctionpart of the phrase ettannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase ettårhundradea centuryårhundra · verb, past, indicative, activepart of the phrase tillsenarelatersen · adverbpart of the phrase tillänthanän · prepositionpreposition marking VittskövleVittskövleVittskövleVittskövle · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of kommitsåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on finnaskullewere toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of finnadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of finnafinnafindfinna · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivittidernatimestid · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of blivitdåby thendå · adverbmodifies blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineclausal complement of finnafredligaremore peacefulfredlig · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of blivitThe gentlemen who had built those places had not provided them with fortifications, but had troubled themselves only to procure for themselves grand and stately dwellings.
Detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of herrarSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
herrargentlemenherer · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of försettsomwhosom · pronounsubject of byggtThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of byggtbyggtbuiltbygga · verb, active, supinerelative clause on herrardessathesedenna · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ställenställenplacesställe · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of byggthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of försettintenotinte · particlemodifies försettförsettprovidedförse · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of försettmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking befästningarbefästningarfortificationsbefästning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of försettutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bemödatendastonlyendast · adverbmodifies bemödatbemödattroubled themselvesbemöda · verb, active, supinecoordinated with försettsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bemödatomtoom · prepositionintroduces the clause of skaffaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of skaffainfinitive marker before a verb.
skaffato getskaffa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on bemödatsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of skaffastorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bostäderochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpräktigasplendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with storabostäderdwellingsbostad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of skaffa- 41
The teacher talked long and thoroughly, and the little fellow, who lay shut up in the canister, was surely rather impatient.
Lärarenteacherlärare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of taladetaladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencelångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies taladeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationutförligtthoroughlyutförlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with långtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with taladesomwhosom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
låglowlåg · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on parvelninstängdshut ininstängd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on lågiini · prepositionpreposition marking portörenportörenthe canisterportöre · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågOnly surface is definite 'portören'; every example translates it 'the canister'.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to otålignogsurelynog · adverbmodifies brabraratherbra · adverbmodifies otåligotåligimpatientotålig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of talade But he must have lain very still, for the canister's owner did not notice at all that he was carrying him along.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of legatmåttemustmåtte · adverbmodifies legatModal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means "must"; the perfect sense ("must have") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain "must."
hahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of legatlegatlainlegat · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencemycketverymycket · adverbmodifies stillastillastillstilla · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies legatförforför · prepositionpreposition marking ägareportörensthe canister'sportör · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of ägarePortör is an older word for a portable collecting canister.
ägareownerägare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of märktemärktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with legatintenotinte · particlemodifies märkteallsat allalls · adverbmodifies märkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of barhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of barbarcarriedba · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on märkteTagged present tense, but every occurrence is the old preterite of bära ("carried"), not the present.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of barmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of bar- 42
At last the whole party went into the castle after all, but if the little fellow had hoped he would get some chance to slip out of the canister, he was disappointed, for the pupil kept it on him, and the little fellow had to go along through every room.
Slutligenfinallyslutligen · adverbmodifies gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceändåafter alländå · adverbmodifies gickhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sällskapetsällskapetcompanysällskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of gickininin · adverbmodifies gickiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking borgenborgenthe castleborgen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of in'Borgen' is 'the castle' (from 'borg') in most examples, but in ch50-p25 it's 'a surety' (from 'borgen', a loan guarantee).
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hoppatsparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive hoppatshadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hoppatshoppatshopedhoppas · verb, passive, supinecoordinated with gickattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfågetfå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hoppatsnågotsomenågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of tillfälletillfällechancetillfälle · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of smygainfinitive marker before a verb.
smygato sneaksmyga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fåsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of smygaurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking portörenportörenthe canisterportöre · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of smygaOnly surface is definite 'portören'; every example translates it 'the canister'.
blevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to gickhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevbedragendisappointedbedrag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevförforför · prepositionpreposition marking elevenelevenpupilelev · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blevbehöllkeptbehöll · verb, past, indicative, activecomplement of blevdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of behöllpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of behöllochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of följamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of följaföljato followfölja · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with behöllmedwithmed · prepositiondepends on följagenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking rummenallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of rummenrummenthe roomsrummen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of följa - 43
It became a slow tour.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vandringlångsamslowlångsam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vandringvandringjourneyvandring · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blev The teacher stopped at every moment to explain and instruct.
Lärarenteacherlärare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stannadestannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceiati · prepositionpreposition marking ögonblickvarjeeveryvarje · determiner, singulardeterminer of ögonblickögonblickmomentögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stannadeförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of förklaraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förklarainfinitive marker before a verb.
förklaraexplainförklara · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stannadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationundervisato teachundervisa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with förklara- 44
In one room there was an old fireplace, and in front of it the teacher stopped to speak of the various hearths people had used over the course of time.
Iini · prepositionpreposition marking rumettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of rumrumroomrum · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of spiselgammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies spiselspiselhearthspisel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking dennadennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singularoblique complement of stannadestannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fannslärarenteacherlärare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stannadeförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of talaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of talainfinitive marker before a verb.
talato speaktala · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stannadeomofom · prepositionpreposition marking eldstäderdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of eldstäderSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
olikadifferentolik · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies eldstädereldstäderhearthseldstäd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of talasomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of brukatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
människornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of brukathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of brukatbrukatused tobruka · verb, active, supinerelative clause on talaunderoverunder · prepositionpreposition marking lopptidernasof timestid · noun, genitive, common gender, pluralpossessor of lopploppcourselopp · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of brukatIn the idiom 'i tidernas lopp' (over the course of time).
The first hearth indoors had been a stone slab in the middle of the cottage floor with a smoke hole up in the roof, which let in both rain and wind; the second had been a large, walled-in oven without a chimney, and that had no doubt made the cottage warm, but had also filled it with smoke and fumes.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of eldstadenförstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies eldstadensurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
eldstadenheartheldstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardeterminer of inomhusinomhusindoorsinomhus · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stenhällhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of stenhällvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to stenhällenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stenhällstenhällstone slabstenhäll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasemittpåin the middle ofmittpå · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies stuggolvetFunctions as the preposition 'mittpå' (in the middle of), mistagged as an adjective.
stuggolvetcottage floorstuggolv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of stenhällmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking rököppningenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rököppningrököppningsmoke holerököppning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stuggolvetuppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies rököppningiini · prepositionpreposition marking takettaketrooftak · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of uppesomwhichsom · pronounsubject of släppteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
släppteletsläppte · verb, active, supinerelative clause on taketininin · adverbdepends on släpptebådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationregnrainregn · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of släppteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvindwindvind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with regnvind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form.
denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andraandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularsubject of storhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of storvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to storenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with stenhällmuradmasonry-builtmurad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with storugnovenugn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with stenhällutanwithoututan · prepositionpreposition marking skorstenskorstenchimneyskorsten · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ugnochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of gjorthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjortnogno doubtnog · adverbmodifies gjortgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supinecoordinated with stenhälldetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of gjortvarmtwarmvarm · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies gjortiini · prepositionpreposition marking stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gjortmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies fylltfylltfilledfylla · verb, active, supinecoordinated with stenhälldenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of fylltmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking rökröksmokerök · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fylltochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationosfumesos · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with rökBy the time Vittskövle was built, people had just reached as far as the open hearth, which had a wide chimney for the smoke, but which also let most of the warmth escape up into the air.
Dåby the timedå · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of byggdesVittskövleVittskövleVittskövle · proper noun, nominativesubject of passive byggdesbyggdeswas builtbyggdea · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentencehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hunnitmänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hunnitjustjustjust · adverbmodifies hunnithunnitreached as farhinna · verb, active, supineparallel clause to byggdessåasså · adverbmodifies långtlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies hunnitsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of spiselntilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking spiselndenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of spiselnöppnaopenöppen · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies spiselnspiselnhearthspisel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on hunnitsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on spiselnenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardirect object of hadevidwidevid · prepositionpreposition marking skorstenskorstenchimneyskorsten · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadeförforför · prepositionpreposition marking rökenrökensmokerök · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies skorstenmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies lätlätletlät · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with byggdesdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lätmestamostmycken · adjective, nominative, superlativedirect object of lätSuperlative 'mesta' of the archaic quantifier 'mycken' (much).
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking värmenvärmenthe warmthvärm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies mestaLemma should be 'värme'; the surfaces are inflected forms of that noun.
följato followfölja · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of lätmedwithmed · prepositionmodifies följauppupupp · adverbmodifies följaiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of upp- 45
If that little fellow had ever been hot-tempered and impatient, he got a good exercise in patience that day.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of häftigdenaen · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of häftigdärtheredär · adverbmodifies häftigparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of häftignågonsinevernågonsin · adverbmodifies häftighadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of häftigvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to häftighäftigviolenthäftig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on fickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationotåligimpatientotålig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with häftigfickgotfå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickdåthendå · subordinating conjunctionmodifies fickdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase dåenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of övninggodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies övningövningexerciseövning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickiini · prepositionpreposition marking tålamodtålamodpatiencetålamod · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies övning It was surely already an hour that he had lain there motionless.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varvälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies varredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies timmeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of timmetimmehourtimme · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of varsomthatsom · pronounsubject of legatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of legathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of legatlegatlainlegat · verb, active, supinerelative clause on timmeorörligmotionlessorörlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of legat- 46
In the next room the teacher came to, he stopped in front of an old bed with a high canopy and rich curtains.
Iini · prepositionpreposition marking rumnästanextnästa · adjective, nominativemodifies rumrumroomrum · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stannadesomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of komThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
lärarenteacherlärare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on rumtilltotill · prepositiondepends on komstannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stannadeframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking sängenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sänggammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sängsängbedsäng · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stannademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sänghimmelhögtallhög · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sänghimmelsänghimmelbed canopysänghimmel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sängochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrikarichrik · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gardinergardinercurtainsgardin · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with sänghimmel And at once he began telling about beds and bedsteads of former times.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadeberättato tellberätta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadeomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking sängarfornaformerforn · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies tidersforna is the adjective 'of former times'; mistagged as noun.
tidersof timestid · noun, genitive, common gender, pluralpossessor of sängarsängarbedssäng · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of berättaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsängställbedsteadssängställ · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with sängar- 47
The teacher was in no hurry at all.
Lärarenteacherlärare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of gjordeingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of brådskabrådskahastebrådska · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gjorde But then he did not know, either, that there lay a poor little wretch shut up in a canister, only waiting for him to be done.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejuafter allju · adverbmodifies visstehellereitherheller · adverbmodifies vissteintenotinte · particlemodifies vissteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lågdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of vissteenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stackarelitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stackarestackarewretchstackare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låginstängdshut ininstängd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on lågiini · prepositionpreposition marking portörenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of portörportörcanisterportör · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of instängdHere portör means a portable lidded container, not a porter.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbarajustbara · adverbmodifies väntadeväntadewaitingvänta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with instängdpåforpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of slutaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slutahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slutaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slutaslutabe donesluta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on väntadeWhen he came to a room with gilded-leather wall hangings, he talked about how people, from the very earliest times, had covered their walls; when he came to an old family portrait, he told about the many fashions of dress; and in the banquet halls he described the ways of former times for celebrating weddings and funerals.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on taladetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking rumettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of rumrumroomrum · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking gyllenläderstapetergyllenläderstapetergilt-leather hangingsgyllenläderstapet · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of komtaladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of taladeomaboutom · prepositionintroduces the clause of klätthurhowhur · adverbmodifies klättfolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of klättändaall the wayända · adverbmodifies tidernafrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking tidernadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of tidernaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
förstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies tidernasurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
tidernatimestid · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of klätthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of klättklättcoveredklä · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on taladesinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of väggarväggarwallsvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of klättnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on taladetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking familjeporträttettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of familjeporträttgammaltoldgammal · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies familjeporträttfamiljeporträttfamily portraitfamiljeporträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komberättadetoldberätta · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to taladehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of berättadeomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking ödenklädedräktensof dressklädedräkt · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of ödenmångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ödenödenvicissitudesöde · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of berättadeSurfaces mix the neuter noun 'öde' (fate, plural 'öden') with the homonymous adjective 'öde' (deserted); glossed per the noun sense as primary.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiini · prepositionpreposition marking festsalarnafestsalarnathe banquet hallsfestsalarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of beskrevbeskrevdescribedbeskreva · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with taladehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of beskrevfornaformerforn · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies beskrevforna is the adjective 'of former times'; mistagged as noun.
tidersof timestid · noun, genitive, common gender, pluralpossessor of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of beskrevatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of firainfinitive marker before a verb.
firato celebratefira · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying sättbröllopweddingbröllop · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of firaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbegravningarfuneralsbegravning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with bröllop- 48
After that the teacher also talked a little about the many capable men and women who had lived in the castle, about the old Brahes and the old Barnekows, about Kristian Barnekow, who had given the king his horse in the very midst of his flight, about Margareta Ascheberg, who had been married to Kjell Barnekow and, as a widow, had governed the estate and the whole district for fifty-three years, about the banker Hagerman, who had been a cottager's son from Vittskövle and had grown so rich that he had bought the entire estate, and about the Stjernsvärds, who had provided the people of Skåne with better plows, so that they could give up the old contraptions for wooden plows, which three pairs of oxen could scarcely budge.
DärpåthenDärpå · adverbmodifies taladetaladetalkedtala · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies Hagermanlärarenteacherlärare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of taladeocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies taladeliteta littlelitet · adverbmodifies taladeomifom · subordinating conjunctiondepends on taladedetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of mänSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
mångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies mänduktigacapableduktig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies mänmänmenman · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of taladeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkvinnorwomenkvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with mänsomwhosom · pronounsubject of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on mänbebottlived inbeboda · verb, active, supinesubject of hadeborgenthe castleborgen · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hade'Borgen' is 'the castle' (from 'borg') in most examples, but in ch50-p25 it's 'a surety' (from 'borgen', a loan guarantee).
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of mittunderdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of BrahearnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
gamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies BrahearnaBrahearnathe BrahesBraheare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of mittunderochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of BarnekowarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
gamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies BarnekowarnaBarnekowarnathe Barnekowsbarnekow · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Brahearnaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of BarnekowKristianKristiankristian · proper noun, nominativemodifies BarnekowBarnekowBarnekowBarnekow · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with BrahearnaSwedish noble family name.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of gettThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gettgettgivenge · verb, active, supinerelative clause on Barnekowkonungenthe kingkonung · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gettsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of hästhästhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gettmittunderduringmittund · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on taladeflyktenflightflykt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of mittunderomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadeMargaretaMargaretaMargareta · proper noun, nominativesubject of hadeAschebergAschebergAscheberg · proper noun, nominativedepends on Margaretasomwhosom · pronounsubject of giftThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of giftvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to giftgiftmarriedgift · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on Margaretamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking BarnekowKjellKjellKjell · proper noun, nominativepossessor of BarnekowBarnekowBarnekowBarnekow · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of giftSwedish noble family name.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsomassom · pronounsubject of änkaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
änkawidowänka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Barnekowhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with taladestyrtgovernedstyra · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gårdenPast tense of the verb 'styra' (to steer/govern); mistagged as an adjective.
gårdenestategård · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies traktentraktenregiontrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with gårdenifori · prepositionpreposition marking årfemtitrefifty-threefemtitre · numeral, nominativemodifies åråryearsår · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies traktenomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of Hagermanbankirenthe bankerbankir · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies HagermanHagermanHagermanHagerman · proper noun, nominativesubject of blivitsomwhosom · pronounsubject of torparsonThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activedeterminer of torparsontorparsoncottager's sontorparson · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on Hagermanfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking VittskövleVittskövleVittskövleVittskövle · proper noun, nominativemodifies torparsonochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies rikrikrichrik · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of köpthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of köpthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of köptköptboughtköpt · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on blivithelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gårdengårdenestategård · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of köptochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking StjernsvärdarnaStjernsvärdarnathe StjernsvärdsStjernsvärdarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with blivitsomwhosom · pronounsubject of skaffatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skaffatskaffatobtainedskaffaa · verb, active, supinerelative clause on StjernsvärdarnaLemma spelled with a doubled final vowel; the modern lemma is 'skaffa' (to get/obtain).
folketpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of skaffatiini · prepositionpreposition marking SkåneSkåneSkåneSkåne · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of skaffatbättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies plogarplogarplowsplog · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of skaffatsåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of övergeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sådetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of övergehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of övergekunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of övergeövergeto give upöverge · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on Stjernsvärdarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of spektaklenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
gamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies spektaklenspektaklenthe contraptionsspektakl · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of övergetilloftill · prepositionpreposition marking träplogarträplogarwooden plowsträplog · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of övergesomwhichsom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of rubbatrethreetre · numeral, nominativequantifies parparpairspar · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies oxaroxaroxenoxe · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralpart of the phrase somknappasthardlyknappast · adverbmodifies rubbakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of rubbarubbabudgerubba · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on träplogar - 49
Through all this the little fellow lay still.
Underthroughunder · prepositionpreposition marking parvelnalltallall · determiner, neuter, singularpart of the phrase Underdettathisdenna · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parvelnlåglaylåg · verb, past, indicative, activemodifies parvelnparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stillastillastillstilla · adverbhead of the phrase If he had ever, at some time, been naughty and shut the cellar door on his mother or father, he now got to learn how they had felt, for it dragged on for hours before the teacher finished.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of odygdighanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of odygdignågonevernågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångevergång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of odygdighadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of odygdigvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to odygdigodygdignaughtyodygdig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on fickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstängtshut/closedstäng · verb, active, supinecoordinated with odygdigigenagainigen · adverbdepends on stängtkällardörrencellar doorkällardörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of stängtomonom · prepositionpreposition marking mormormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stängtelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with morsåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on fickfickgot to learnfå · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lärahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ficknunownu · adverbmodifies läraläralearnlära · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of lärahurhowhur · adverbmodifies käntdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of känthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of käntkäntfeltkän · verb, active, supineclausal complement of läradetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of käntförforför · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of dröjdedröjdedelayeddröjde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with läraifori · prepositionpreposition marking timtaltimtalfor hourstimtal · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of dröjdeOccurs in the fixed phrase 'i timtal' = for hours.
innanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slutadelärarenteacherlärare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slutadeslutadestoppedsluta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lära- 50
At last the teacher went back out onto the courtyard, and there he spoke of mankind's long labor to procure tools and weapons, clothes and houses, furniture and ornaments.
Tillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies gicksistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase Tillgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencelärarenteacherlärare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickåteragainåter · adverbmodifies gickutoutut · adverbmodifies gickpåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking borggårdenborggårdencourtyardborggård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärtheredär · adverbmodifies taladetaladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of taladeomofom · prepositionpreposition marking arbetemänniskosläktetsmankind'smänniskosläkte · noun, genitive, neuter, singularpossessor of arbetelångalonglång · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies arbetearbeteworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of taladeförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of skaffaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of skaffainfinitive marker before a verb.
skaffato getskaffa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on taladesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of skaffaverktygtoolsverktyg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of skaffaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvapenweaponsvapen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with verktygkläderclotheskläder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with verktygochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhushousehus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with verktygmöblerfurnituremöbel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with verktygochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationprydnaderornamentsprydnad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with verktyg He said that such an old castle as Vittskövle was a milestone along the way.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of borgenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of borgsådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies borgsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
gammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies borgborgcastleborg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of sadesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of milstolpeVittskövleVittskövleVittskövle · proper noun, nominativesubject of milstolpevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to milstolpeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of milstolpemilstolpemilestonemilstolpe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to borgpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking vägenvägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies milstolpeThere one could see how far people had come three hundred and fifty years ago and judge for oneself whether things had gone forward or backward for them since then.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies sekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of semanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of seseseese · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencehurhowhur · adverbmodifies långtlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies människornamänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of vorovorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, singularclausal complement of sePast plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective.
hunnahad comehunna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with voroföragoför · prepositionpreposition marking årtrehundrafemtithree hundred fiftytrehundrafemti · adjective, nominative, pluralquantifies åråryearsår · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of sesedanthensedan · adverbdepends on årochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsjälvoneselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying ochbedömajudgebedöma · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with seomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåttdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gåttsedanthensedan · adverbmodifies gåttdessthenden · pronounsubject of gåttch03-p50 example 'sedan dess' means 'since then', not possessive 'its' — pinning the gloss to 'its' teaches a lie for that collocation.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttgonegå · verb, active, supineclausal complement of bedömaframåtforwardframåt · adverbdepends on gåttelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtillbakabacktillbaka · adverbcoordinated with gåttförforför · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of tillbaka- 51
But this speech the little fellow was spared having to listen to, for the pupil who was carrying him had grown thirsty again and had slipped into the kitchen to ask for a drink of water.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdettathisdenna · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of talettaletspeechtal · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of parvelnslappwas sparedslapp · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies parvelnparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of lyssnainfinitive marker before a verb.
lyssnato listenlyssna · verb, active, infinitivedepends on parvelntilltotill · prepositiondepends on lyssnaförforför · prepositionpreposition marking elevenelevenpupilelev · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lyssnasomwhosom · pronounsubject of barThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
barcarriedba · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on elevenTagged present tense, but every occurrence is the old preterite of bära ("carried"), not the present.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of barhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinecoordinated with parvelntörstigthirstytörstig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitpåagainpå · prepositionpreposition marking smögnyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies smögochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmögcrept/slippedsmöga · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blivitPast tense of smyga ('to creep/slip'); lemma mislabeled 'smöga'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of smögininin · adverbmodifies smögiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking köketköketkitchenkök · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of smögförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of beatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of beinfinitive marker before a verb.
beto askbe · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on blivitomforom · prepositionpreposition marking vattenenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dryckdryckdrinkdryck · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vattenvattenwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of be Once the little fellow was carried into the kitchen, he must have tried to look around for the gander.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blevnunownu · adverbmodifies blevparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on försöktinburencarried ininbur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bleviintoi · prepositionpreposition marking köketköketkitchenkök · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of blevmåttemustmåtte · adverbmodifies försöktModal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means "must"; the perfect sense ("must have") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain "must."
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försökthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of försöktförsökttriedförsöka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitivedepends on försöktsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of seomaroundom · prepositiondepends on seefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking gåskarlengåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of semorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
He had begun to stir, and in doing so happened to press too hard against the lid, so that it sprang open.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of börjatbörjatbegunbörja · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencerörastirröra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjatpåmovepå · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of röraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhärvidat thishärvid · adverbmodifies råkademeans 'in connection with this' or 'at this point'.
råkadehappened toråka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with börjathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tryckainfinitive marker before a verb.
tryckato presstrycka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on råkadeförtooför · adverbmodifies hårthårthardhård · adverbmodifies tryckamotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking locketlocketlidlock · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of tryckasåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of sprangattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sådettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sprangsprangransprangma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on råkadeLemma is corrupted; surfaces are only "sprang" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma.
uppupupp · adverbdepends on sprangCanister lids do, after all, always spring open, and the pupil thought no more of the matter, but simply pressed it shut again.
Portörlockcanister lidsportörlock · proper noun, nominativesubject of springaspringaspring openspringa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceOne cited example uses the homograph springa "slit/crack" (a different noun); this type is the infinitive verb "to run".
juafter allju · adverbmodifies springaalltidalwaysalltid · adverbmodifies springauppupupp · adverbdepends on springaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationelevenpupilelev · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with springaintenotinte · particlemodifies tänktevidarefurthervidare · adverbmodifies tänktepåaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking sakensakenthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tänkteutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
trycktepressedtrycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tänktebarajustbara · adverbmodifies trycktetillshuttill · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of tryckteigenagainigen · adverbmodifies tryckteBut then the cook asked whether he had a snake in the canister.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies frågadefrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekokerskanthe cookkokerska · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of frågadeomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on frågadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ormormsnakeorm · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking portörenportörenthe canisterportöre · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadeOnly surface is definite 'portören'; every example translates it 'the canister'.
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"No, I've only got some plants," answered the pupil.
Nejnonej · interjectionhead of the phrasejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to Nejbarajustbara · adverbmodifies harnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of växterväxterplantsväxt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of harsvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with harelevenpupilelev · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svarade — "There was certainly something moving in there," the cook insisted.
Nogcertainlynog · adverbmodifies någotvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to någotdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with någotnågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies envisadessomthatsom · pronounsubject of rördeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
rördemovedröra · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on någotsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of rördedärtheredär · adverbmodifies rördeenvisadesinsistedenvisa · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentencekokerskanthe cookkokerska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive envisadesThe pupil then flipped up the lid to show her she was mistaken.
Eleventhe pupilEleven · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slogslogflipped upslå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
dåthendå · adverbmodifies sloguppupupp · adverbdepends on sloglocketlidlock · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of slogförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of visaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of visainfinitive marker before a verb.
visato showvisa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sloghenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of visaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of misstoghonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of misstogmisstogbe mistakenmissta · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of slogsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of misstog"Just look for yourself…
Selookse · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies Sesjälvyourselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Seomifom · prepositiondepends on Se- 53
But he did not get the chance, for now the little fellow no longer dared stay in the canister, but leapt with a bound onto the floor and rushed out.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlängreno furtherlång · adverbmodifies hannComparative adverb forms of 'lång' (long); English rendering shifts between spatial 'far/further' and temporal 'longer' depending on context.
hannhad timehann · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on stannaPast tense of hinna, 'to have time to / manage to (before something else happens)'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hannintenotinte · particlemodifies hannförforför · conjunctionintroduces the clause of vågadenunownu · adverbmodifies vågadevågadedaredvåga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on stannaintenotinte · particlemodifies vågadeparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vågadestannastaystanna · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencelängrefartherlänge · adverbmodifies stannaiini · prepositionpreposition marking portörenportörenthe canisterportöre · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stannaOnly surface is definite 'portören'; every example translates it 'the canister'.
utanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
stodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stannamedwithmed · prepositiondepends on stodettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of språngsprångleapsprång · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of stodpåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking golvetgolvetfloorgolv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies språngochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrusaderushedrusa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodutoutut · adverbdepends on rusade The serving girls barely had time to see what it was that ran, but they hurried after all the same.
Pigornathe serving girlsPigorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of knappasthunnomanaged tohunno · adverbmodifies PigornaMistagged as adverb; it is the archaic plural past tense of 'hinna' (to have time to/manage to).
knappasthardlyknappast · adverbhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitivedepends on knappastvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on vadsomthatsom · pronounsubject of sprangThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
sprangransprang · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on vadmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of skyndadeskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vadefterafterefter · prepositiondepends on skyndadeiall the samei · prepositionpreposition marking fallallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fallfallcasesfall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of skyndade- 54
The teacher was still standing there talking, when he was interrupted by loud shouts.
Lärarenteacherlärare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceännustillännu · adverbmodifies stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtaladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blevhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on stodavbruteninterruptedavbrut · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking rophögatallhög · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ropropcriesrop · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of blev "Catch him, catch him!" shouted those who came from the kitchen, and all the young men rushed after the little fellow, who darted away faster than a rat.
TacatchTa · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencefastcatchfast · adverbdepends on Tahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of Tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with Tafastcatchfast · adverbdepends on tahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of taskrekocried outskreko · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with TaTagged as a noun but is the past plural of skrika, 'to cry/shout' (kommo, gingo-style historical plural).
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldepends on skrekosomwhosom · pronounsubject of kommoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on dekommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
frånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking köketköketkitchenkök · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of karlarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of karlarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
ungayoungung · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies karlarnakarlarnathe menkarlarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of rusaderusaderushedrusa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with Taefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking parvelnparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rusadesomwhosom · pronounsubject of kiladeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kiladedartedkila · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on parvelnundanawayundan · adverbdepends on kiladefortarefastfort · adverbmodifies enänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase fortareenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singulardeterminer of råttaråttaratråtta · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kiladeThey tried to head him off at the gate, but it was not so easy to get hold of one who was so small, and he got safely out into the open.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of försökteförsöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of genskjutainfinitive marker before a verb.
genskjutahead offgenskjuta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on försöktehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of genskjutaiati · prepositionpreposition marking portenportengateport · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of genskjutamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lättvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to lättintenotinte · particlemodifies lättsåsoså · adverbmodifies lättlätteasylätt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with försöktech01-p14 'ett lätt buller' renders as 'a faint noise' in the translation, a distinct sense from weight/air-lightness or ease.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fåget hold offå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on lättfattholdfatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on fåOccurs in the fixed idiom 'få/gripa fatt (i)', 'to get/grab hold (of)'.
iofi · prepositionpreposition marking enenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fåsomwhosom · pronounsubject of litenThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to litensåsoså · adverbmodifies litenlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on enochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with försöktelyckligtsafelylycklig · adverbmodifies komlyckligt often means "safely/successfully," not just "happily" — a minor false-friend trap.
utoutut · adverbdepends on komiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking friadetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of friafriafreefri · adjective, nominative, singularoblique complement of kom- 55
The little fellow did not dare run down the open avenue, but turned aside in another direction.
Parvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vågadevågadedaredvåga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies springaspringaspring openspringa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of vågadeOne cited example uses the homograph springa "slit/crack" (a different noun); this type is the infinitive verb "to run".
neråtdownwardneråt · adverbdepends on springadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of allénöppnaopenöppen · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies allénallénthe avenueallén · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of springaDespite the plural tag, surfaces as the singular definite 'allén' (the avenue/tree-lined lane) in all examples.
utanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
vekturned asidevek · pronoun, common gender, singularpart of the phrase utanavasideav · prepositionpart of the phrase vekåtinåt · prepositionpreposition marking hållannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hållhålldirectionhåll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase vek He dashed through the garden into the back yard.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rusaderusaderushedrusa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking trädgårdenträdgårdengardenträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rusadeininin · adverbmodifies trädgårdenpåintopå · prepositionpreposition marking bakgårdenbakgårdenback yardbakgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rusadeThe whole time the people chased after him amid shouting and laughter.
Helawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of jagadejagadechasedjaga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of jagadeefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of jagadeunderamidunder · prepositionintroduces the clause of skrikskrikcryskrik · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of jagadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskrattlaughterskratt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with skrikThe poor little fellow fled as fast as he could manage, but it still seemed as though the people were gaining on him.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stackarenlillalittleliten · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies stackarenstackarenthe poor fellowstackar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flyddeflyddefledflyddema · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceundanawayundan · adverbdepends on flyddealltallall · determiner, neuter, singularintroduces the clause of förmåddevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase allthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förmåddeförmåddecould manageförmåd · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on flyddeFrom förmå, 'to be able to'; here in 'allt vad han förmådde' = 'as fast as he could manage'.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tycktestycktesseemedtycktes · verb, past, indicativecoordinated with förmåddeändåstilländå · adverbmodifies tycktessomas thoughsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vinnaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vinnamänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vinnaskullewereskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vinnavinnagainingvinna · verb, active, infinitivedepends on tycktespåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vinna- 56
As he rushed past a small laborer's cottage, he heard a goose cackling and saw a white down feather lying on the steps.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of iladehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of iladeiladehurriedila · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hördeförbipastförbi · adverbdepends on iladeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of arbetarbostadlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies arbetarbostadarbetarbostada worker's cottagearbetarbostad · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of iladehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kacklagåsgoosegås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase enkacklacacklingkackla · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hördeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hördepast tense of se, 'to see.'
ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of dunvittwhitevi · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies dundundown featherdun · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sågliggato lieligga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of sågpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking trappantrappanthe staircasetrappan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ligga There, there he had the gander!
Därtheredär · adverbhead of the phrasedärtheredär · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Därhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadegåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of hademorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
He had been on the wrong trail before.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceinneoninne · adverbmodifies varitpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking spårfalsktwrongfalsk · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies spårspårtrack/tracespår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of varitförutbeforeförut · adverbmodifies spårHe no longer gave a thought to the maids and men chasing him, but climbed up the steps into the entryway.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies tänktemerlongermycket · adverbmodifies tänktepåaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking pigorpigormaidspiga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of tänkteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkarlarmenkarl · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with pigorsomwhosom · pronounsubject of jagadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagadechasedjaga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on karlarhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of jagadesjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies jagadeutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of klättradeklättradeclimbedklättra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tänkteuppförupuppför · adverbpreposition marking trappantrappanthe staircasetrappan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of klättradeininin · adverbmodifies klättradeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking förstunförstunthe entrywayförstu · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of inFarther he could not get, for the cottage door was locked.
LängrefartherLängre · adverbmodifies kommakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommaintenotinte · particlemodifies kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceförforför · prepositionpreposition marking stugdörrenstugdörrencottage doorstugdörre · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to låstlåstlockedlåsa · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on kommaMistagged as an adjective; 'låst' is the past participle of 'låsa' (to lock).
He heard how the gander was screaming and moaning in there, but he could not get the door open.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehurhowhur · adverbmodifies skrekgåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of skrekmorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
skrekscreamedskrek · adjective, nominative, pluralclausal complement of hördeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjämrademoanedjämra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with skreksighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of skrekdärtheredär · adverbmodifies skrekinnanförinsideinnanför · adverbpart of the phrase därmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåintenotinte · particlemodifies fåfågetfå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with hördeuppupupp · adverbdepends on fådörrendoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåThe great hunt that was pursuing him drew ever nearer, and inside the room the gander screamed ever more pitifully.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of jaktenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies jaktenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
jaktenhuntjakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komsomthatsom · pronounsubject of förföljdeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
förföljdepursuedförföljde · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on jaktenhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of förföljdesjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies förföljdekomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencealltallall · adverbmodifies komnärmarenearernära · adverbmodifies komType lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationinneinsideinne · adverbmodifies skrekiini · prepositionpreposition marking rummetrummetroomrumm · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of skrekOlder double-m spelling of modern rum.
skrekshriekedskrek · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with komgåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of skrekmorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
allteverallt · adverbmodifies ömkligareömkligaremore pitifullyömklig · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies skrekIn this direst distress the little fellow at last took his courage in both hands and pounded on the door with all his might.
Iini · prepositionpreposition marking nöddennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of nödytterstadirestyttersta · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies nödnöddistressnöd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of togäntligenfinallyäntligen · adverbmodifies togmodcouragemod · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of togtillintill · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of togochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbultadepoundedbulta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with togpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking dörrendörrendoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bultadeavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking krafterallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of krafterkrafterstrengthkraft · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies dörren- 57
A child came and opened it, and the little fellow looked into the room.
Ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of barnbarnchildbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationöppnadeopenedöppna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kompast tense of se, 'to see.'
ininin · adverbdepends on sågiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking rummetrummetroomrumm · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sågOlder double-m spelling of modern rum.
In the middle of the floor sat a woman who was holding the gander fast to clip off his wing feathers.
Mittpåin the middle ofMittpå · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies golvetgolvetfloorgolv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kvinnakvinnawomankvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sattsomwhosom · pronounsubject of höllThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
höllwas holdinghålla · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on kvinnafastfastfast · adverbdepends on höllgåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of höllmorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
förin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of klippaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of klippainfinitive marker before a verb.
klippaclipklippa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on höllTwo of the four example sentences (ch13-p37-s2 'Den bestod av en enda väldig klippa' and ch14-p64-s1 'hög, brant klippa') use the unrelated homograph noun klippa ('cliff/rock'), not this verb 'to clip.' Do not gloss those occurrences as 'to clip' — the verb sense only fits ch03-p57-s2 and ch03-p57-s4.
avoffav · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of klippahanshishan · pronounpossessor of vingpennorvingpennorwing feathersvingpennor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of klippaIt was her child who had found him, and she did not mean him any harm.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of barnvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to barnhennesherhon · pronounpossessor of barnpossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
barnchildbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesomwhosom · pronounsubject of hittatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hittathittatfoundhitta · verb, active, supinerelative clause on barnhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hittatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of göravillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of göraintenotinte · particlemodifies göragöraharmgöra · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with hittathonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of göranågotanynågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ontontharmont · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of göraShe intended to let him go to her own geese, once she had gotten to clip his wings, so that he could not fly away.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ämnadeämnadeintendedämna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesläppalet gosläppa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of ämnadehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of släppatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking gässsinaher ownsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of gässegnaownegen · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gässgässgeesegäss · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of släppabarajustbara · adverbmodifies klippahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of klippahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of klippafåttgotten tofå · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of klippa"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
klippaclipklippa · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to ämnadeTwo of the four example sentences (ch13-p37-s2 'Den bestod av en enda väldig klippa' and ch14-p64-s1 'hög, brant klippa') use the unrelated homograph noun klippa ('cliff/rock'), not this verb 'to clip.' Do not gloss those occurrences as 'to clip' — the verb sense only fits ch03-p57-s2 and ch03-p57-s4.
hanshishan · pronounpossessor of vingarvingarwingsving · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of klippasåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of flygaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flygaintenotinte · particlemodifies flygaskullecouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flygakunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of flygaflygaflyflyga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on klippasinawaysig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of vägvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of flygaBut worse misfortune could scarcely have befallen the gander, and he screamed and moaned with all his might.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvärreworseond · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies olyckaolyckamisfortuneolycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of händakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of händaknappasthardlyknappast · adverbmodifies händahändato happenhända · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencegåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of händamorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skrekskrekshriekedskrek · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with händaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjämrademoanedjämra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with skreksighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of jämradeavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking krafterallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of krafterkrafterstrengthkraft · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of skrek- 58
And it was lucky that the woman had not begun the clipping earlier.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlyckaluckylycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of börjatkvinnanwomankvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjatintenotinte · particlemodifies börjathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of börjatbörjatbegunbörja · verb, active, supineclausal complement of varklippningenthe clippingklippning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of börjattidigareearlytidig · adverbmodifies börjatBackbone mistags this as an adverb; the surface (tidigt) is the neuter/adverbial form of the adjective tidig.
Only two feathers had so far fallen to the scissors when the door opened and the little fellow stood on the threshold.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fallitbarajustbara · adverbmodifies hadetvåtwotvå · numeral, nominativequantifies pennorpennorfeatherspenna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fallitfallitfallenfallit · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking saxensaxenscissorssax · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fallitnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of öppnadesdörrendoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive öppnadesöppnadesopenedöppnaa · verb, past, indicative, passiveadverbial clause on stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of parvelnlillalittleliten · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies parvelnparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to fallitpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking tröskelntröskelnthresholdtröskel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodBut such a one as he the woman had never seen before.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sådansådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
somlikesom · pronoundirect object of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sådankvinnanwomankvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadealdrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies settförrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies settsettseense · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hadeShe could not believe otherwise than that it was Goa-Nisse himself, and she dropped the scissors in her fright, clapped her hands together, and forgot to hold the gander fast.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trokundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trointenotinte · particlemodifies trotrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceannatotherwiseannan · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of troänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of Goa-Nisseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of självastedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of självastevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to självastesjälvastehimselfsjälvaste · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies Goa-NisseGoa-NisseGoa-NisseGoa-Nisse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on troA friendly household spirit/nickname; kept as proper name.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tappadetappadedroppedtappa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with trosaxenscissorssax · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tappadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking förfäranförfäranfrightförfäran · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tappadeslogclappedslå · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to troLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
ihoptogetherihop · adverbdepends on sloghändernathe handshänderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of slogochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationglömdeforgotglömde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with slogatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hållainfinitive marker before a verb.
hållato hold fasthålla · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of glömdefastfastfast · adverbdepends on hållagåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of hållamorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
- 59
As soon as he felt himself free, he sprang toward the door.
Såasså · adverbmodifies kändesnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies kändedennehedenna · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of kändeArchaic masculine demonstrative "denne" used anaphorically for a previously named male person.
kändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sprangsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativesubject of kändefrifreefri · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of kändesprangsprangspranga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sprangmottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking dörrendörrendoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sprang He gave himself no time to stop, but in passing seized the little fellow by the collar and took him along.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gavgavtookge · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLight-verb idioms in the examples: "gav ... till ett klagoskrik" = let out a cry; "gav sig tid" = took the time — not literal "gave" in either case.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of gavintenotinte · particlemodifies gavtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gavatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of stannainfinitive marker before a verb.
stannastaystanna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gavmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiini · prepositionpreposition marking förbifartenförbifartenpassingförbifart · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of grepused in 'i förbifarten' = in passing.
grepgripped/seizedgrepa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stannaPast tense (grep) of gripa, an older strong-verb spelling.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of grepparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of grepvidbyvid · prepositionpreposition marking halslinningenhalslinningenthe collarhalslinning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of grepochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stannahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of togmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of togAnd on the steps he spread his wings and rose up into the air.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking trappantrappanthe staircasetrappan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slogslogspreadslå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slogutspreadut · adverbdepends on slogvingarnathe wingsvingarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sloglemma should be vinge 'wing'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationforrosefor · prepositionmodifies luftenPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
uppupupp · adverbpart of the phrase foriintoi · prepositionpreposition marking luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with vingarnaAt the same time he made a fine turn of his neck and set the little fellow down on his downy back.
Påat oncepå · prepositionpreposition marking gångsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of gånggångtimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of svängninggrannsplendidgrann · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies svängningsvängningturnsvängning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gjordemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking halsenhalsenneckhalse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gjordeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gjordepast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
nerdownner · adverbdepends on satteparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sattepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking ryggendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dunglattadunglattadownydunglatta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ryggenryggenbackrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of satte- 60
So off they went, up into the air, and the whole of Vittskövle stood and stared after them.
Såsoså · adverbmodifies barbarcarriedba · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceTagged present tense, but every occurrence is the old preterite of bära ("carried"), not the present.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of baravoffav · prepositiondepends on barmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of baruppupupp · adverbmodifies demiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uppochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies VittskövleVittskövleVittskövleVittskövle · proper noun, nominativesubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with barochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstirradestaredstirra · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with stodReally the past tense of the verb stirra ('to stare'), mistagged here as an adjective.
efterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of stod - 61
IN THE PARK AT ÖVEDSKLOSTER.
Iini · prepositionpreposition marking ÖVEDSKLOSTERSÖVEDSKLOSTERSÖvedskloster'sÖVEDSKLOSTERS · proper noun, nominativehead of the phrasePARKPARKPARK · proper noun, nominativedepends on ÖVEDSKLOSTERS - 62
All that day, while the geese played with the fox, the boy lay sleeping in an abandoned squirrel's nest.
Helawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies dagendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomwhilesom · pronounintroduces the clause of lekteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
gässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lektegässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
lekteplayedleka · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on dagenmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking rävenrävenfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lektelåglowlåg · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying dagenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsovsleptsov · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågiini · prepositionpreposition marking ekorrboettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of övergivetövergivetabandonedövergiv · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ekorrboekorrbosquirrel's nestekorrbo · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sov When he woke toward evening, he was quite troubled.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vaknadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vaknadevaknadewoke upvakna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on bekymradframemottowardframemot · adjective, nominativemodifies kvällenAdverb/preposition of approaching time, e.g. 'toward evening'.
kvälleneveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vaknadevarwasvara · determiner, common gender, singularcopula linking to bekymradmistagged as a determiner; the surface 'var' here is the past tense of vara 'to be'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bekymradganskaquiteganska · adverbmodifies bekymradbekymradtroubledbekymra · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasePast participle 'bekymrad' (troubled), mistagged as base adjective.
"Now I'll soon be sent home, and then it surely can't be avoided that I'll have to show myself to father and mother," he thought.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blirsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies hemskickadhemskickadsent homehemskicka · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blirochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies undgåskancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of undgåsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of undgåsnogsurelynog · adverbmodifies undgåsintenotinte · particlemodifies undgåsundgåsbe avoidedundgås · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with blirattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of visajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of visavisato showvisa · verb, active, infinitivedepends on blirmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of visaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking farfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of visaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with fartänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to blirhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkte- 63
But when he sought out the wild geese, who lay bathing in Lake Vomb, not one of them said a word about his having to travel.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of söktehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of söktesöktesoughtsöka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceuppupupp · adverbdepends on söktevildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sökteattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
somwhosom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lågolågolaylågo · adjective, nominative, comparativein apposition to vildgässenArchaic plural past tense of ligga ("to lie"), not an adjective; the parser mistagged it.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbadadebathedbada · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågoiini · prepositionpreposition marking VombsjönVombsjönLake VombVombsjön · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of badadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to sökteingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of sadeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies ingenettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ordordwordord · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sadeomaboutom · prepositionintroduces the clause of resaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of resahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of resaskullehad toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of resaresato travelresa · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying ord "Maybe they think the white one is too tired to fly home with me tonight," thought the boy.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of tyckertyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies tyckerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ärdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vitevitewhite onevite · adjective, nominativesubject of ärDefinite/weak form of vit used substantively, "the white one".
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to tröttförtooför · adverbmodifies trötttrötttiredtrött · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of tyckeratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of farainfinitive marker before a verb.
faragofara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tröttsome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
hemhomehem · adverbmodifies faramedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hemiduringi · prepositionmodifies farakvälleveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase itänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to tyckerpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkte- 64
The next morning the geese were awake at first light, long before sunrise.
Nästanextnästa · adjective, nominativemodifies morgonmorgonmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vaknavorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, singulardepends on morgonPast plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective.
gässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with morgongässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
vaknato wakevakna · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceiati · prepositionpreposition marking dagningenförstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies dagningensurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
dagningenfirst lightdagning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vaknalångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies soluppgångenförebeforeföre · prepositionpreposition marking soluppgångensoluppgångensunrisesoluppgång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vakna Now the boy felt sure it would mean the journey home, but strangely enough both he and the white gander got to go along with the wild ones on their morning outing.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies kändekändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of kändesäkersuresäker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of kändeomthatom · prepositionintroduces the clause of bliattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blidetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with bliskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kändehemresajourney homehemresa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bliavmeanav · prepositionpreposition marking hemresamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbesynnerligtstrangelybesynnerlig · adverbcoordinated with blinogenoughnog · adverbmodifies besynnerligtfingogotfingo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of besynnerligtMistagged as a noun; fingo is the archaic plural past tense of få ("got/were given").
bådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of besynnerligtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåskarlenvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gåskarlengåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with blimorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
följato followfölja · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of blimedwithmed · prepositiondepends on följadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vildaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vildawildvild · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies följapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking morgonturderastheirde · pronounpossessor of morgonturpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
morgonturmorning outingmorgontur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of följaThe boy could not for the life of him understand what the reason for the delay was, but then he reasoned it out that the wild geese did not want to send the gander off on so long a journey before he had had a chance to eat his fill.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kundekundecouldkunna · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förståraktat allrak · adverbmodifies förståintenotinte · particlepart of the phrase raktförståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on orsakensomthatsom · pronounsubject of orsakenThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to orsakenorsakenreasonorsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of förståtillfortill · prepositionpreposition marking uppskovetuppskovetreprieveuppskov · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies orsakenmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies funderadefunderadeponderedfundera · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with förståhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of funderadeutoutut · adverbmodifies funderadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sändavildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sändaattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
intenotinte · particlemodifies sändavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sändasändato sendsända · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on funderadebortawaybort · adverbdepends on sändagåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of sändamorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking resaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of resasåsoså · adverbmodifies långpassso (degree)pass · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase såfunctions as a degree particle here, not the noun 'pass'.
långlonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies resaresajourneyresa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sändainnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ätadennehedenna · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of ätaArchaic masculine demonstrative "denne" used anaphorically for a previously named male person.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ätafåtthad a chancefå · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of äta"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
ätaeatäta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on funderadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ätavälfullyväl · adverbmodifies mättmättfullmätt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on äta'äta sig mätt' = eat one's fill.
In any case he was simply glad of every moment that passed before he had to face his parents.
Hurhowhur · adverbmodifies såsomassom · conjunctionpart of the phrase Hurhelstin any casegärna · adverbpart of the phrase HurType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
såthenså · adverbadverbial clause on gladvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gladhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gladbarajustbara · adverbmodifies gladgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseåtofåt · prepositionpreposition marking stundvarwasvara · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundmistagged as a determiner; the surface 'var' here is the past tense of vara 'to be'.
stundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gladsomthatsom · pronounsubject of gickThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
gickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on stundinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of mötahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of mötamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of mötamötato meetmöta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stundföräldrarnaparentsförälder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of möta- 65
The wild geese flew on over the manor of Övedskloster, which lay in a lovely park east of the lake and looked very stately with its great mansion, its handsome, paved courtyard surrounded by low walls and pavilions, and its fine, old-fashioned garden with clipped hedges, covered leaf-walks, ponds, water features, splendid trees, and neatly trimmed lawns, where the borders stood bright with spring flowers.
Vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · proper noun, nominativepossessor of foroforowentforo · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseMistagged as a noun; foro is the plural past tense of fara ("went/traveled").
framforwardfram · adverbmodifies foroöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking herrgårdÖvedsklostersÖvedskloster'sÖvedskloster · proper noun, genitivepossessor of herrgårdherrgårdmanor househerrgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of framsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
låglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on herrgårdiini · prepositionpreposition marking parkenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of parkhärliglovelyhärlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies parkparkparkpark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågöstereastöster · verb, present, indicative, activeoblique complement of lågomofom · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with foropast tense of se, 'to see.'
mycketverymycket · adverbmodifies präktigpräktigsplendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of sågutlookut · adverbdepends on sågmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking slottsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of slottpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
storabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies slottweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
slottcastleslott · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sågsinitssig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of borggårdvackrabeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies borggårdstenlagdapavedstenlaga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies borggårdborggårdcourtyardborggård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with slottomgivensurroundedomgiven · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with borggårdavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking murarlågalowlåg · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies murarmurarwallsmur · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies omgivenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpaviljongerpavilionspaviljong · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with murarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsinitssig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of finafinafinefin · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of trädgårdgammaldagsold-fashionedgammaldags · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies trädgårdträdgårdgardenträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with foromedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking häckarklipptaclippedklippa · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies häckarMistagged as an adjective; 'klippta' is the past participle of 'klippa' (to clip, pollard).
häckarhedgeshäck · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies trädgårdtäcktacoveredtäckt · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies lövgångarlövgångarleafy walkwayslövgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with trädgårddammarpondsdamm · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with trädgårdvattenkonsterwater featuresvattenkonst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldepends on trädgårdhärligasplendidhärlig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies trädträdtreesträd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with trädgårdochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrätskurnaneatly trimmedrätskurna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies gräsmattorgräsmattorlawnsgräsmatta · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with trädgårddärtheredär · adverbmodifies stodokantlisternathe borderskantlist · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of stodostodostoodstodo · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on gräsmattorbrokigacolorfulbrokig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stodoavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking vårblommorvårblommorspring flowersvårblommor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of stodo - 66
When the wild geese flew over the manor in the early morning hour, not a soul was yet stirring.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of forovildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies foroattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
forotraveledforo · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of .Archaic past plural of fara ('to travel/fly'); lemma tagged as noun but is a verb form.
överoveröver · prepositionpreposition marking herrgårdenherrgårdenmanor househerrgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of foroiini · prepositionpreposition marking morgonstundendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of morgonstundentidigaearlytidig · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies morgonstundenmorgonstundenmorningmorgonstund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies herrgårdenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies foroingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of människamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase varännuyetännu · adverbmodifies rörelseiini · prepositionpreposition marking rörelserörelsemovementrörelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of var Once they had made quite sure of this, they lowered themselves down toward the doghouse and called: "What sort of little hut is this?"
Dåoncedå · adverbmodifies förvissatdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of förvissatnogacarefullynoga · adverbmodifies förvissathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förvissatförvissatmade sureförvissa · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sänktesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of förvissatomofom · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of förvissatsänkteloweredsänkte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sänktesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sänktenerdownner · adverbmodifies sänktemottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking hundburenhundburenthe doghousehundbure · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sänkteVadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phraseärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to Vaddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with Vadhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase detförsort offör · prepositionpreposition marking kojaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kojalitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kojakojahutkoja · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Vad"What sort of little hut is this?"
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phraseärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to Vaddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with Vadhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase detförsort offör · prepositionpreposition marking kojaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kojalitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kojakojahutkoja · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Vad- 67
At once the chained dog came out of his kennel, angry and furious, and barked up into the air.
Genastat onceGenast · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebandhundenthe chained dogbandhunde · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of komutoutut · adverbdepends on komurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking burenburencagebur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utondangryond · adjective, nominativeoblique complement of komond usually means 'angry/furious' in these contexts, but can mean 'evil' elsewhere.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrasandefuriousrasa · adjective, nominativecoordinated with ondochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskälldebarkedskälldea · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with onduppåtupwarduppåt · adverbmodifies skälldeluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skällde - 68
"Do you call this a hut, you tramps?"
Kallarcallkalla · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasePresent-tense form of kalla ("to call"), not a noun.
niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Kallarsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of Kallarhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase detförasför · prepositionpreposition marking kojaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kojakojahutkoja · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Kallarniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with kojaPlural 'you', also used as a formal singular in older Swedish address.
erayourera · pronoun, pluralpossessor of landstrykarelandstrykarevagabondslandstrykare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with koja "Don't you see that it's a tall castle of stone?"
SerseeSer · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePresent tense of se ('to see'); capitalized here as sentence-initial.
niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Sersecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
intenotinte · particlemodifies Serattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slottdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of slottärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to slottettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of slotthögthighhög · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies slottslottcastleslott · noun, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of Seravofav · prepositionpreposition marking stenstenstonesten · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies slott"Don't you see what fine walls it has, don't you see how many windows and how great gates and how splendid a terrace it has, woof, woof, woof?"
SerseeSer · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on serPresent tense of se ('to see'); capitalized here as sentence-initial.
niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Sersecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
intenotinte · particlemodifies Sersåwhatså · adverbmodifies vackravackrabeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies väggarväggarwallsvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of Serdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to Serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sersecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
intenotinte · particlemodifies sersåhowså · adverbmodifies mångamångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fönsterfönsterwindowsfönster · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of serochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåhowså · adverbmodifies storastorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies portarportargatesport · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with fönsterochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of terrasssåhowså · adverbmodifies präktigpräktigsplendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies terrassterrassterraceterrass · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with portardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of servovwoofvov · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on harvovwoofvov · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with vovvovwoofvov · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vov"Do you call this a hut, you?"
Kallarcallkalla · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasePresent-tense form of kalla ("to call"), not a noun.
niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Kallarsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of Kallarhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase detförasför · prepositionpreposition marking kojaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kojakojahutkoja · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Kallarniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to Kallarsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
"Don't you see the courtyard, don't you see the garden, don't you see the greenhouses, don't you see the marble statues?"
SerseeSer · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on serPresent tense of se ('to see'); capitalized here as sentence-initial.
niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Sersecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
intenotinte · particlemodifies Sergårdencourtyardgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of Serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on serniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sersecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
intenotinte · particlemodifies serträdgårdengardenträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on serniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sersecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
intenotinte · particlemodifies serväxthusenthe greenhousesväxthus · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of serSurface 'växthusen' is definite plural, despite the singular morphology tag.
serseesse · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sersecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
intenotinte · particlemodifies sermarmorbildernathe marble statuesmarmorbild · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of ser"Do you call this a hut, you?"
Kallarcallkalla · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasePresent-tense form of kalla ("to call"), not a noun.
niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Kallarsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of Kallarhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase detförasför · prepositionpreposition marking kojaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kojakojahutkoja · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Kallarniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to Kallarsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
"Do huts commonly have a park where there are both beech woods and hazel thickets and leafy meadows and oak groves and spruce copses and a deer park full of roe deer, woof, woof, woof?"
BrukarusuallyBruka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekojornathe hutskojorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of Brukarhato haveha · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of Brukarenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of parkparkparkpark · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadärtheredär · adverbmodifies finnsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsfinnsthere arefinnas · verb, present, indicativerelative clause on parkbådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbokskogarbeech woodsbokskog · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of finnsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhasselsnårhazel thickethasselsnår · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with bokskogarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlövängarleafy meadowslöväng · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with bokskogarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationekdungaroak grovesekdung · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with lövängarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgranhultspruce copsegranhult · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with bokskogarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of djurgårddjurgårddeer parkdjurgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with bokskogarsomthatsom · pronounsubject of fullThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to fullfullfullfull · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on djurgårdavofav · prepositionpreposition marking rådjurrådjurroe deerrådjur · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of fullvovwoofvov · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to rådjurvovwoofvov · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with vovvovwoofvov · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on vov"Do you call this a hut, you?"
Kallarcallkalla · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasePresent-tense form of kalla ("to call"), not a noun.
niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Kallarsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of Kallarhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase detförasför · prepositionpreposition marking kojaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kojakojahutkoja · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Kallarniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to Kallarsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
"Have you seen huts that have so many outbuildings around them that it looks like a whole village?"
Harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of settniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
settseense · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencekojorhutskojor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcomplement of settsomthatsom · pronounsubject of harThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
harhasha · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on kojorsåsoså · adverbmodifies mångamångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies uthusuthusoutbuildingsuthus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of haromkringaroundomkring · adverbpreposition marking sigsigthemsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of harattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of serdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of settutlookut · adverbdepends on sersomthatsom · prepositionpreposition marking byFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of byhelwholehel · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bybyvillageby · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ser"You surely know plenty of huts that have their own church and their own parsonage, and that rule over manors and freehold farms and tenant farms and cottars' cabins, woof, woof, woof?"
Niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kännersecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
kännerfeelskänna · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies kännertillabouttill · prepositionpreposition marking kojormångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kojorkojorhutskoja · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kännersomthatsom · pronounsubject of harThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
harhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to känneregenownegen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kyrkakyrkachurchkyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of harochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationegenownegen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies prästgårdprästgårdparsonageprästgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with kyrkaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsomthatsom · pronounsubject of råderThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
råderrule overråda · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with känneröveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking herresätenherresätenmanorsherresäte · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of råderochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbondehemmanfreehold farmsbondehemma · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with herresätenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationarrendegårdartenant farmsarrendegård · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with herresätenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstatarstugorlaborers' cottagesstatarstuga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with herresätenA statarstuga housed agricultural laborers paid partly in kind.
vovwoofvov · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on statarstugorvovwoofvov · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with vovvovwoofvov · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vov"Do you call this a hut, you?"
Kallarcallkalla · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasePresent-tense form of kalla ("to call"), not a noun.
niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Kallarsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of Kallarhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase detförasför · prepositionpreposition marking kojaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kojakojahutkoja · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Kallarniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to Kallarsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
"To this hut belongs the largest estate in Skåne, you beggars."
Tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking kojandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kojanhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase denkojanhutkojan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hörThe studio translation renders the same doghouse as "hut" (ch03-p68) and as "kennel" (ch33-p63, ch33-p65); match whichever the passage uses.
hörhearshöra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of godsetstörstabiggeststor · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies godsetgodsetestategods · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of höriini · prepositionpreposition marking SkåneSkåneSkåneSkåne · proper noun, nominativemodifies godseterayoueren · pronoun, pluralpossessor of tiggaretiggarebeggarstiggare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with godset"You can't see a scrap of ground, up there where you hang in the sky, that doesn't answer to this hut, woof, woof, woof."
Niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sesecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
kancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of seintenotinte · particlemodifies seseseese · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bitbitscrapbit · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies jordjordearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sedärtheredär · adverbmodifies hängerniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hängersecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
hängerhangshänga · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on jordiini · prepositiondepends on hängerskynthe skyskyn · nounpart of the phrase isomthatsom · pronounsubject of lyderThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies lyderlyderanswer tolyda · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with hängerundertounder · prepositionpreposition marking kojandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kojanhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase denkojanhutkojan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lyderThe studio translation renders the same doghouse as "hut" (ch03-p68) and as "kennel" (ch33-p63, ch33-p65); match whichever the passage uses.
vovwoofvov · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with kojanvovwoofvov · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with vovvovwoofvov · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with vov- 69
All this the dog managed to bark out in a single breath, and the geese flew back and forth over the yard and listened to him until he had to pause.
Alltallall · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of lyckadeslyckadessucceededlycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceImpersonal 'det lyckades honom' = 'he succeeded'; lemma should be 'lyckas'.
hundendoghund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lyckadesropato call outropa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of lyckadesutoutut · adverbdepends on ropaiini · prepositionpreposition marking andetagettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of andetagandetagbreathandetag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ropaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flögogässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
flögoflewflögo · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with lyckadesPast plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense.
framforwardfram · adverbdepends on flögoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationåteragainåter · adverbmodifies gårdenöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking gårdengårdenyardgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flögoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with flögopåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hördeändauntilända · adverbintroduces the clause of göratillsuntiltills · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase ändahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of göramåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of göragörapausegöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on flögoettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of uppehålluppehållpauseuppehåll · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of göra But then they shouted: "Why are you so angry?"
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies skrekoskrekocried outskreko · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of deTagged as a noun but is the past plural of skrika, 'to cry/shout' (kommo, gingo-style historical plural).
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseVadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blirsåsoså · adverbmodifies blirondangryond · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase såthis is the adjective ond meaning 'angry' in this idiom (bli ond), not a numeral.
föraboutför · prepositioncomplement of blir"We didn't ask about the castle, we only asked about your doghouse."
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of frågadefrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies frågadeefteraboutefter · prepositionpreposition marking slottetslottetcastleslott · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of frågadeviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of frågadefrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to frågadebarajustbara · adverbmodifies frågadeefteraboutefter · prepositionpreposition marking hundkojadinyourdu · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of hundkojahundkojadoghousehundkoja · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of frågade- 70
When the boy heard this joke, he laughed at first, but then a thought forced itself on him that at once made him grave.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hördepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on skrattadedettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of hördeskämtjokeskämt · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hördeskrattadelaughedskratta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skrattadeförstfirstförst · adverbmodifies skrattademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies trängdeträngdeforced itselfträngde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with skrattadesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of trängdeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tanketankethoughttanke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trängdepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of trängdesomthatsom · pronounsubject of gjordeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
påat oncepå · prepositionpreposition marking gångenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on trängdehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of gjordeallvarsamseriousallvarsam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of gjorde "Just think how many such jests you'd get to hear, if you were allowed to go with the wild geese through the whole country all the way up to Lapland!" he said to himself.
TänkthinkTänk · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencesåhowså · adverbmodifies Tänkmångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies lustighetersådanasuchsån · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies lustigheterhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase sådanalustigheterjestslustighet · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of höraduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höraskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörafåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of hörahörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of Tänkomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fingeduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fingefingewere allowed tofinge · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on Tänkpast subjunctive of få ('to get/be allowed'); mistagged as supine.
följato followfölja · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fingemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of följaattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
genomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking landethelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of följaändaall the wayända · adverbmodifies oppoppupopp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies landetDialectal form of upp ("up"), mistagged as a noun by the parser.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking LapplandLapplandLaplandLappland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of oppsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of sadesjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sig"Since things are going so badly for you now, such a journey would surely be the best thing you could find."
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of harduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harnunownu · adverbmodifies harharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of ställtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with ställtsåsoså · adverbmodifies ställtillabadlyilla · adverbpart of the phrase såställtput/placedställa · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on resaförforför · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ställtvorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to resaalltallall · adverbmodifies resaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of resasådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies resasån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
resajourneyresa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of bästabästabestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativecomplement of resaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hittakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hittahittathink ofhitta · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on bästapåuppå · prepositionpreposition marking hitta- 71
The wild geese flew off to one of the broad fields east of the manor to graze on grass roots and kept at this for hours.
Vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · proper noun, nominativepossessor of foroforowentforo · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseMistagged as a noun; foro is the plural past tense of fara ("went/traveled").
bortawaybort · adverbmodifies foropåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking enenoneman · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of foroSurfaces are only "en"/"En" used as a counting pronoun ("en av dem" = "one of them"), not the indefinite generic pronoun man/en ("one does X"). Lemma is mistagged as man; it should be en (numeral pronoun "one"). Gloss "one" happens to still be correct.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking åkrarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of åkrarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vidabroadvid · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies åkrarnaåkrarnafieldsåkr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies österöstereastöster · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies enomofom · prepositionpreposition marking herrgårdenherrgårdenmanor househerrgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies enförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of betaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of betainfinitive marker before a verb.
betagrazebeta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on forogräsröttergrass rootsgräsrött · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of betaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhöllokept athålloa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with betaSurface 'höllo' is past plural of 'hålla' (to hold/keep); lemma is a spelling artifact.
påkept atpå · prepositiondepends on höllomedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of hölloifori · prepositionpreposition marking timtaltimtalfor hourstimtal · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of höllo Meanwhile the boy went into the great park bordering the field, sought out a hazel grove, and began peering up into the bushes to see whether any nut might not still be hanging on from last autumn.
Undermeanwhileunder · prepositionpreposition marking tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickininin · adverbdepends on gickiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking parkendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of parkenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies parkenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
parkenparkpark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of insomthatsom · pronounsubject of sökteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
gränsadeborderedgränsa · verb, past, indicative, activeclause modifying somintillnext tointill · prepositionpreposition marking åkernåkernfieldåker · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gränsadesöktesoughtsöka · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on parkenredafind outreda · adverbdepends on söktepart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påoutpå · prepositionpreposition marking nöthageenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of nöthagenöthagehazel grovenöthage · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sökteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gicktittato looktitta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadeuppåtupwarduppåt · adverbmodifies tittabuskarnabushesbusk · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of tittaförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of seatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tittaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hängdedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with hängdeintenotinte · particlemodifies hängdehängdehunghänga · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of senågonanynågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of nötnötnutnöt · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hängdekvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on hängdesedanthensedan · adverbpreposition marking höstenförrapreviousförra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies höstenhöstenautumnhöst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hängdeBut again and again the thought of the journey came back to him as he walked in the park.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgångagaingång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kompåagain and againpå · prepositionpreposition marking gånggångagaingång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase påkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetankenthoughttanke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kompåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking resanresanjourneyresa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tankentillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies komtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tillbakamedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gickhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on komiini · prepositionpreposition marking parkenparkenparkpark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickHe pictured to himself how good he would have it if he went along with the wild geese.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of målademåladepaintedmåla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceutpictureut · adverbdepends on måladeförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of måladehurhowhur · adverbmodifies brabragoodbra · adverbmodifies måladehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfåhavefå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on måladedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of fåomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of följdehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of följdeföljdefollowedfölja · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on målademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of följdeattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
Starving and freezing, that he thought he would have to do often enough, but in return he would be spared both working and studying.
Svältastarvesvälta · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfrysafreezefrysa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with Svältadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of troddetroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Svältahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of troddeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of görahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of göraskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of görafåhave tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of göragöradogöra · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of troddeoftaoftenofta · adverbmodifies göranogenoughnog · adverbmodifies göramenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtillin returntill · prepositionmodifies slippagengäldreturngengäld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase tillused in the phrase 'till gengäld', 'in return'.
skullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slippahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slippaslippabe spared/avoidslippa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with Svältabådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of arbetainfinitive marker before a verb.
arbetaworkarbeta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of slippaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationläsato readläsa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with arbeta- 72
While he walked there, the old gray sentinel-goose came up to him and asked whether he had found anything to eat.
Medanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gickhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on komdärtheredär · adverbmodifies gickkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of förargåsengamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies förargåsengråagraygrå · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies förargåsenförargåsenlead gooseförargås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komframforwardfram · adverbmodifies komtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of framochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with komomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of funnithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of funnithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of funnitfunnitfoundfinna · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on frågadenågotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ätbartätbartedibleätbar · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of funnitActually the adjective 'ätbart' (edible, neuter), mistagged as a noun.
No, he had not, he said, and then she tried to help him.
Nejnonej · interjectionhead of the phrasedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Nejhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadeintenotinte · particlemodifies hadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Nejhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies försökteförsöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with Nejhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försökteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hjälpainfinitive marker before a verb.
hjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on försöktehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälpaA few nuts she could not find either, but she discovered a couple of rose hips hanging on a briar bush.
Någrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of nötternötternutsnött · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of finnakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of finnahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finnaintenotinte · particlemodifies finnafinnafindfinna · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finnahellereitherheller · adverbmodifies finnamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of upptäckteupptäcktediscoveredupptäcka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with finnaettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies nyponnyponrose hipsnypon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of upptäcktesomthatsom · pronounsubject of hängdeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hängdehunghänga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on nyponpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking törnrosbuskeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of törnrosbusketörnrosbuskebriar bushtörnrosbuske · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hängdeThe boy ate them up with a good appetite, but he wondered a good deal what his mother would have said, had she known that he now lived on raw fish and old winter-shriveled rose hips.
Pojkenboypojk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of demåtateåt · prepositionmodifies Pojkenuppupupp · adverbpart of the phrase åtdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralhead of the phrasemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking aptitgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies aptitaptitappetiteaptit · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of demmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undradeundradewonderedundra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with demalltallall · adverbintroduces the clause of sagtvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularintroduces the clause of sagtmormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sagtskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of sagtsagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on undradeomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vetathonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vetatvetatknownvetaa · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on demattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of levdehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of levdenunownu · adverbmodifies levdelevdelivedleva · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of vetatpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking fiskrårawrå · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fiskfiskfishfisk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of levdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies nyponvinterståndnawinter-shriveledvinterstånden · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies nyponnyponrose hipsnypon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with fisk- 73
When the wild geese had finally eaten their fill, they drew back down toward the lake again, and there they amused themselves playing until well on toward midday.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ätitvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ätitattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
äntligenfinallyäntligen · adverbmodifies ätithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ätitätiteatenäta · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on roadesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ätitmättatheir fillmätta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of ätitdrogodrew/set offdrogo · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with mättaArchaic plural past of dra(ga) ('drew, moved along').
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of drogonerdownner · adverbmodifies drogomottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nerigenagainigen · adverbmodifies drogoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärtheredär · adverbmodifies roaderoadeamusedroa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceUsually reflexive 'roade sig' = amused himself/herself.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of roadesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of roademedwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of lekaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of lekainfinitive marker before a verb.
lekato playleka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on roadeändauntilända · adverbmodifies middagstidentilluntiltill · prepositionpreposition marking middagstidenframemottowardframemot · adjective, nominativemodifies middagstidenAdverb/preposition of approaching time, e.g. 'toward evening'.
middagstidenmiddaymiddagstid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of leka The wild geese challenged the white gander to a contest in every possible sport.
Vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässen · proper noun, nominativesubject of utmanadeutmanadechallengedutmana · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåskarlenvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gåskarlengåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of utmanademorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking tävlantävlancontesttävlan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utmanadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking idrottallallall · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of idrottmöjligpossiblemöjlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies idrottidrottsportidrott · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utmanadeThey raced swimming, raced running, and raced flying with him.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of simmadesimmadeswamsimma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceiracingi · prepositionpreposition marking kappkappracekapp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of simmadeused in the phrase 'i kapp (med)', 'racing/in competition (with)'.
sprungoransprungo · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with simmadeTagged as a noun but is the historical past-plural of springa, 'to run' (cf. voro, gingo).
iracingi · prepositionpreposition marking kappkappracekapp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sprungoused in the phrase 'i kapp (med)', 'racing/in competition (with)'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationflögoflewflögo · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with simmadePast plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense.
iracingi · prepositionmodifies flögokappracekapp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iused in the phrase 'i kapp (med)', 'racing/in competition (with)'.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of iThe big tame one did his very best, but he was always beaten by the swift wild geese.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tamestorebigstore · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies tameWeak-declension form of 'stor'.
tamethe tame onetame · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of bästapossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
bästabestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativedirect object of gjordemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gjordealltidalwaysalltid · adverbmodifies blevslagenbeatenslag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässendetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vildgässenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
snabbaswiftsnabb · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies slagenattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
The boy sat on the gander's back the whole time, cheering him on, and had just as much fun as the others.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåonpå · prepositiondepends on sattgåskarlensthe gander'sgåskarlens · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of ryggryggbackrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of satthelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationuppmuntradecheered onuppmuntra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with satthonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of uppmuntradeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattlikaequallylika · adverbmodifies roligtroligtfunrolig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of andradetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andraSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraothersannan · pronoun, pluraladverbial clause on hadeThere was such shrieking and laughing and cackling that it was a wonder the manor folk did not hear them.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of skrikvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to skrikettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of skrikskrikcryskrik · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of skrattskrattlaughterskratt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with skrikochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of kacklandekacklandecacklingkacklande · adjective, nominativecoordinated with skrikmistagged as an adjective; used here as the noun 'a cackling'.
såsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of märkvärdigtattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sådetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of märkvärdigtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to märkvärdigtmärkvärdigta wondermärkvärdig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on kacklandeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hördeintenotinte · particlemodifies hördeherrgårdsfolketthe manor folkherrgårdsfolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on märkvärdigtdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of hörde- 74
When the wild geese were tired of playing, they went out onto the ice and rested a couple of hours.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vorovildgässenwild geesevildgäss · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vorovorowerevoro · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetröttatiredtrött · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of voropåtired ofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of lekaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of lekainfinitive marker before a verb.
lekato playleka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on voroforowentforo · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with lekaMistagged as a noun; foro is the plural past tense of fara ("went/traveled").
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldirect object of lekautoutut · adverbdepends on lekapåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking iseniseniceis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationviladerestedvila · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lekasigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of viladeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies timmartimmarhourstimme · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of vilade The afternoon they spent very much as they had the morning.
Eftermiddagenthe afternoonEftermiddagen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tillbragtetillbragtespenttillbragte · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of sättnästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies sättpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of tillbragtesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förmiddagenförmiddagenmorningförmiddag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sättFirst a couple of hours' grazing, then bathing and play in the water by the edge of the ice until sunset, when they at once settled down to sleep.
Förstfirstförst · adverbmodifies parettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularquantifies timmarstimmarshours'timme · noun, genitive, common gender, pluralpossessor of betandebetandegrazingbetande · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of badsedanthensedan · adverbmodifies badbadbathingbe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseSurface 'bad' is genuinely ambiguous between the noun 'bad' (a bath) and the past tense of the verb 'be' (asked). Only ch03-p15-s1 is the verb sense ('asked'); ch03-p74-s3, ch16-p36-s2, and ch22-p49-s8 are all the noun 'bad' (bath/bathing), which the noun morphology tag on this key actually points to. The glosser's original gloss 'asked' fit only 1 of 4 examples.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlekplaylek · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with badiini · prepositionpreposition marking vattnetvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies lekvidbyvid · prepositionpreposition marking iskanteniskantenthe ice edgeiskant · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of badändauntilända · adverbmodifies solnedgångentilluntiltill · prepositionpreposition marking solnedgångensolnedgångensunsetsolnedgång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of baddåwhendå · subordinating conjunctionmodifies ställdedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ställdegenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies ställdeställdesettled downställa · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on badsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ställdeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sovainfinitive marker before a verb.
sovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on ställde- 75
"This would be just the life to suit me," thought the boy, as he crept in under the gander's wing.
Dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of livvorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to livjustjustjust · adverbmodifies livettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of livlivlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounsubject of passaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
skullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of passapassato suitpassa · verb, active, infinitivedepends on livmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of passatänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to livpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tänktenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kröphanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kröpkröpcreptkröp · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on livPast tense of krypa despite the 'present' tag.
ininin · adverbdepends on kröpunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking vingegåskarlensgander'sgåskarl · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of vingevingewingvinge · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kröp "But tomorrow I'll probably be sent home."
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationitomorrowi · prepositionmodifies blirmorgonmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blirvälprobablyväl · adverbmodifies hemskickadhemskickadsent homehemskicka · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blir- 76
Before he fell asleep, he lay thinking that if he were allowed to go along with the wild geese, he would be spared all the scolding for being lazy.
Innanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of somnadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of somnadesomnadefell asleepsomna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on låglåglowlåg · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågpåaboutpå · prepositiondepends on lågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fingeomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fingehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fingefingewere allowed tofinge · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on slippapast subjunctive of få ('to get/be allowed'); mistagged as supine.
följato followfölja · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fingemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of följaattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
skullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slippahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slippaslippabe spared/avoidslippa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on lågallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of bannorbannorscoldingbannor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of slippaförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of lat.attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase förhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lat.varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to lat.latlazylat · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrase Then he could idle away his days, and his only worry would be to find himself something to eat.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies fingefingemight get tofinge · verb, past, subjunctive, activemain verb of the sentenceArchaic past subjunctive of få ("to get/be allowed").
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fingeslåidleslå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fingedankidledank · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of slåhelawhole/allhel · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dagarnadagarnadaysdag · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of slåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanshishan · pronounpossessor of bekymmerendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativemodifies bekymmerbekymmerworrybekymmer · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of varaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varavarabevara · verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to skaffaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of skaffainfinitive marker before a verb.
skaffato getskaffa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with fingesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of skaffanågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of skaffaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ätainfinitive marker before a verb.
ätaeatäta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skaffaBut he needed so little nowadays, so that would surely be no trouble.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of behövdebehövdeneededbehöva · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies nulitetso littleliten · adverbpart of the phrase såthis type bundles the positive and comparative degree forms (litet, mindre) under one entry.
nunownu · adverbmodifies behövdeförnowadaysför · prepositionpreposition marking tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of behövdesåsoså · adverbmodifies blevedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of bleveblevewould bebleve · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularadverbial clause on behövdedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of rådnogsurelynog · adverbmodifies detrådno troubleråd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of bleveförforför · prepositionpreposition marking råd- 77
And so he pictured to himself all he would get to see, and how many adventures he would get to take part in.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåsoså · adverbmodifies målademåladepaintedmåla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of måladeutpictureut · adverbdepends on måladeförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of måladealltallall · adverbmodifies måladevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of seskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sefåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of måladeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåhowså · adverbmodifies mångamångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies äventyräventyradventuresäventyr · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of varahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varafåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of varavarabevara · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with semedwithmed · prepositiondepends on varaomtake part inom · prepositionpreposition marking vara Yes, it would be a different thing from the drudgery and toil back home.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on blidetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with bliskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of bliänthanän · prepositionpreposition marking släpetsläpetdrudgerysläp · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of bliochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslitettoilslit · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with släpetdärhemmaback homedärhemma · conjunctioncomplement of bliBackbone mistags this as a conjunction; it is the adverb 'at home/back home'.
"If only I were allowed to go along with the wild geese on their journey, I wouldn't grieve over having been turned into what I am," thought the boy.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fingejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fingebarajustbara · adverbmodifies fingefingewere allowed tofinge · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sörjapast subjunctive of få ('to get/be allowed'); mistagged as supine.
följato followfölja · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fingemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of följaattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking resaderastheirde · pronounpossessor of resapossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
resajourneyresa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of följaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sörjajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sörjaintenotinte · particlemodifies sörjasörjagrievesörja · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceöveroveröver · prepositionintroduces the clause of blivitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivitjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sörjaförvandladtransformedförvandla · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitBackbone mistags this as an adjective; the surface (förvandlad) is the past participle of förvandla, 'to turn into'.
tänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blivitpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkte- 78
He was afraid of nothing else except being sent home, but not even on Wednesday did the geese say anything about his having to travel.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räddvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to räddintenotinte · particlemodifies räddräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseförofför · prepositionpreposition marking annatnågotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of annatannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of räddänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hemskickadattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase änhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive hemskickadskullehad toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hemskickadblito becomebli · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivepassive auxiliary of hemskickadhemskickadsent homehemskicka · verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominativeadverbial clause on räddmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies sadehellereitherheller · adverbmodifies sadepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking onsdagenonsdagenWednesdayonsdag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sadesadesaidsa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with räddgässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadegässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
någotanythingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sadeomaboutom · prepositionintroduces the clause of resaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of resahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of resamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of resaresato travelresa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sade That day passed much the same as Tuesday, and the boy grew more and more content with the wild life.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gicksomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tisdagentisdagenTuesdaytisdag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sättochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trivdestrivdesfelt at hometriv · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with gicklemma abbreviated from trivas; 'trivdes' = felt at home/thrived.
alltmore and moreallt · adverbmodifies bättrebättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies trivdesmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vildmarkslivetvildmarkslivetwild lifevildmarksliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of trivdesHe felt he had the lonely park at Övedskloster, which was as big as a forest, entirely to himself, and he did not long to go back to the cramped cottage and the little fields at home.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of tycktedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of parkenensligalonelyenslig · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies parkenparkenparkpark · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadevidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking ÖvedsklosterÖvedsklosterÖvedsklosterÖvedskloster · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of hadeManor estate name.
somwhichsom · pronounsubject of storThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on Övedsklostersomassom · prepositionpreposition marking skogFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skogskogforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of storalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies sigförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of storsjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sigochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of längtadelängtadelongedlängta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with storintenotinte · particlemodifies längtadetillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies längtadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking stugandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stugantrångacrampedtrång · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies stuganAlso 'cramped' when describing enclosed space rather than a passage.
stugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tillbakaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of åkrarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
småsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies åkrarnaåkrarnafieldsåkr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with stugandärhemmaback homedärhemma · conjunctionclause modifying åkrarnaBackbone mistags this as a conjunction; it is the adverb 'at home/back home'.
- 79
On Wednesday he believed that the wild geese meant to keep him with them, but on Thursday he lost that hope again.
Påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking onsdagenonsdagenWednesdayonsdag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of troddetroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of troddeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tänktevildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkteattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
tänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of troddebehållato keepbehålla · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tänktehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of behållahoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigthemsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of behållamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking torsdagentorsdagenThursdaytorsdag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förloradeförloradelostförlora · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with troddehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förloradehoppethopehopp · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of förloradeTwo distinct homonyms share the spelling hopp: 'leap' and 'hope.'
igenagainigen · adverbmodifies hoppet - 80
Thursday began the same way as the other days.
TorsdagenThursdaytorsdag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of börjadesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dagarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of dagarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dagarnadagarnadaysdag · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralclause modifying sätt The geese grazed on the broad fields, and the boy searched for food inside the park.
Gässenthe geeseGässen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of betadebetadegrazedbeta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking åkrarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of åkrarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vidabroadvid · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies åkrarnaåkrarnafieldsåkr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of betadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of söktesöktesearchedsöka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with betadeefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking födafödafoodföda · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sökteinneinsideinne · adverbmodifies sökteiini · prepositionpreposition marking parkenparkenparkpark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of inneAfter a while Akka came up to him and asked whether he had found anything to eat.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of Akkaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Akkakomcamekomma · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of AkkaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Akkaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with Akkaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of funnithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of funnithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of funnitfunnitfoundfinna · verb, active, supineclausal complement of frågadenågotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ätbartätbartedibleätbar · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of funnitActually the adjective 'ätbart' (edible, neuter), mistagged as a noun.
No, he had not, and then she sought out for him a dry caraway plant that still had all its little seeds intact.
Nejnonej · interjectionhead of the phrasedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Nejhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadeintenotinte · particlemodifies hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies söktesöktesoughtsöka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with Nejhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sökteuppupupp · adverbdepends on sökteåtforåt · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sökteenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kumminörttorrdrytorr · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kumminörtkumminörtcaraway plantkumminört · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of söktesomthatsom · pronounsubject of stodThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
stodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on kumminörtmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking småfrukterallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of småfruktersinaitssig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of småfruktersmåfrukterlittle seedssmåfrukt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of stodiini · prepositionpreposition marking behållbehållintactbehåll · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of stod- 81
When the boy had eaten, Akka said she thought he ran about the park much too recklessly.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ätitpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ätithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ätitätiteatenäta · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of sadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tycktehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on sadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tycktesprangransprangma · verb, past, indicative, activecomplement of sadeLemma is corrupted; surfaces are only "sprang" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma.
omkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies sprangiabouti · prepositionpreposition marking parkenparkenparkpark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sprangalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies oförvägetförtooför · prepositionpreposition marking oförvägetoförvägetrecklesslyoförväge · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sprang She wondered whether he knew how many enemies he had to watch out for, small as he was.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undradeundradewonderedundra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of visstehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on undradehurhowhur · adverbmodifies mångamångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fienderfienderenemiesfiende · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of aktahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of aktaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of aktainfinitive marker before a verb.
aktawatch out/bewareakta · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of visstesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of aktaförofför · prepositionpreposition marking aktahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of aktasomassom · pronounsubject of litenThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to litensåasså · adverbmodifies litenlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on hanNo, he did not know at all, and then Akka began listing them for him.
Nejnonej · interjectionhead of the phrasedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Nejhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vissteallsat allalls · adverbmodifies vissteintenotinte · particlemodifies vissteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with NejAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of börjadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
räknato counträkna · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadeuppupupp · adverbdepends on räknademthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of räknaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of räkna- 82
When he walked in the park, she said, he ought to watch out for the fox and the marten; when he came down to the lakeshore, he ought to keep the otters in mind; if he sat on the stone wall, he should not forget the weasel, who could creep through the smallest holes, and if he wanted to lie down to sleep in a heap of leaves, he should first check whether the adder was not sleeping its winter sleep in that same heap.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gickhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking parkenparkenparkpark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gicksadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on aktahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeskulleought toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of aktahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of aktaaktawatch out/bewareakta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of aktaförofför · prepositionpreposition marking rävenräventhe foxräv · noun, common genderoblique complement of aktaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmårdenmartenmård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with aktanärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking sjöstrandensjöstrandenlakeshoresjöstrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komskulleought toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on aktaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tanketankethoughttanke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hapåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking uttrarnauttrarnathe ottersuttrare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of hasattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on undersökahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking stengärdsgårdenstengärdsgårdenstone wallstengärdsgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of glömmahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of glömmaintenotinte · particlemodifies glömmaglömmato forgetglömma · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sattvesslanweaselvessla · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies glömmasomwhosom · pronounsubject of krypaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of krypakrypato creepkrypa · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on vesslangenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking håldetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of hålSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
minstasmallestliten · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies hålhålholehål · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of krypaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of läggahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of läggavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of läggaläggato lay/putlägga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sattsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of läggaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sovainfinitive marker before a verb.
sovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on läggaiini · prepositionpreposition marking lövhögenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lövhöglövhögheap of leaveslövhög · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sovaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of undersökahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undersökaförstfirstförst · adverbmodifies undersökaundersökato investigateundersöka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sovintenotinte · particlemodifies sovhuggormenthe adderhuggorme · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sovsovsleptsovma · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of undersökasinitssig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of vintersömnvintersömnwinter sleepvintersömn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of soviini · prepositionpreposition marking högsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of höghögtallhög · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sov As soon as he came out into the open field, he ought to keep an eye on hawk and buzzard, on eagle and falcon, hovering up in the sky.
Såasså · adverblinks the coordinationsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies Såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hautoutut · adverbdepends on kompåintopå · prepositionpreposition marking fältetöppnaopenöppen · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies fältetfältetfieldfält · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kombordeought toböra · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of haBare borde is simple past modal ("ought to"/"should"); the perfect sense ("ought to have") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth ("borde släppa taget") has no ha and translates as plain "ought to."
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ögaögaeyeöga · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking hökhökhawkhök · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of haochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvråkbuzzardvråk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with hökpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking örnörneagleörn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of haochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfalkfalconfalk · nouncoordinated with örnsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of svävadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
svävadehoveredsväva · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on örnuppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies svävadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking skynskynthe skyskyn · nounoblique complement of svävadeIn the hazel thickets he might be caught by the sparrowhawk; magpies and crows were everywhere, and he should not trust them too far; and as soon as dusk fell, he should keep his ears pricked to listen for the great owls, which flew along on such soundless wingbeats that they could come right up on him before he noticed them.
Iini · prepositionpreposition marking hasselsnårenhasselsnårenhazel thickethasselsnår · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hållakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blihanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hållafångadcaughtfångad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bliavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking sparvhökensparvhökenthe sparrowhawksparvhök · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralagent of fångadskatormagpiesskator · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bliochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkråkorcrowskråkor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with skatorfunnoswerefunnos · pronoun, pluralcomplement of bliFunnos is the historical plural past form of finnas.
överallteverywhereöverallt · adverbmodifies funnosochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of troskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trohanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trointenotinte · particlemodifies trotrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with blialltförtooalltför · adverbmodifies välvälwellväl · adverbmodifies troochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåasså · adverbmodifies blevsnartsoonsnart · adverbpart of the phrase sådetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with bliskymningduskskymning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hållahållato keephålla · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceöronenearsöron · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hållaspändaprickedspänd · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of hållaförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of lyssnaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of lyssnainfinitive marker before a verb.
lyssnato listenlyssna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hållaefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking ugglornadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ugglornaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
storabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ugglornaugglornaowlsuggla · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of lyssnasomwhichsom · pronounsubject of flögoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
flögoflewflögo · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on ugglornaPast plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense.
framforwardfram · adverbmodifies flögomedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vingslagsåsuchså · adverbmodifies ljudlösaljudlösasoundlessljudlös · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vingslagvingslagwingbeatvingslag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of flögoattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of lyssnaalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies inpåinpåright up oninpå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommainnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of märktehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märktemärktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kommademthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of märkte- 83
When the boy heard that there were so many out to get his life, he understood it was quite impossible for him to keep it.
Dåwhendå · adverbmodifies hördepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fannsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativeclausal complement of hördeexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
såsoså · adverbmodifies mångamångamanymånga · pronoun, pluralmodifies fannssomwhosom · pronounsubject of stodoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
stodostoodstodo · verb, present, indicativerelative clause on mångaHistorical past-plural form of stå (cf. voro, gingo); despite the 'present' tag this is past tense.
efterout forefter · prepositionpreposition marking livhanshishan · pronounpossessor of livlivlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stodobegrepunderstoodbegrep · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with stodoPast-tense verb 'begrep' (understood), mistagged as an adjective.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of begrepattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of omöjligtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with omöjligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to omöjligtalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies omöjligtomöjligtimpossibleomöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of begrepattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of behållabehållato keepbehålla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on omöjligtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of behålla He was not especially afraid of dying, but he did not care for being eaten up, and so he asked Akka what he could do to protect himself against the beasts of prey.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of särdelesvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to särdelesintenotinte · particlemodifies särdelessåsoså · adverbmodifies särdelessärdelesespeciallysärdeles · adverbhead of the phraseräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of särdelesförofför · prepositionintroduces the clause of döatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of döinfinitive marker before a verb.
döto diedö · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on räddmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with särdelesintenotinte · particlemodifies tyckteomcare forom · prepositionintroduces the clause of bliatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bliinfinitive marker before a verb.
blibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tyckteuppäteneaten upuppät · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bliochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärförsodärför · adverbmodifies frågadefrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with särdeleshanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågadeAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of frågadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of görahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of görakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of göragöradogöra · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of frågadeförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of skyddaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of skyddainfinitive marker before a verb.
skyddaprotectskydda · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on görasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of skyddamotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking rovdjurenrovdjurenthe beasts of preyrovdjur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skydda- 84
Akka answered at once that the boy ought to try to get on good terms with the small-animal folk of forest and field, with the squirrel folk and the hare folk, with finches and titmice and woodpeckers and larks.
AkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of svaradeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
svaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies svaradeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of försökapojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försökabordeought toböra · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of försökaBare borde is simple past modal ("ought to"/"should"); the perfect sense ("ought to have") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth ("borde släppa taget") has no ha and translates as plain "ought to."
försökato tryförsöka · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of svaradeställato get onställa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försökasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ställavälwellväl · adverbmodifies ställamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking smådjursfolkensmådjursfolkensmall-animal folksmådjursfolk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ställaiofi · prepositionpreposition marking skogskogforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies smådjursfolkenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking fältfältfieldfält · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with skogmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ekorrfolkekorrfolksquirrel folkekorrfolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ställaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationharfolkhare folkharfolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with ekorrfolkmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking finkarfinkarfinchesfink · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies ekorrfolkochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmesartitmicemes · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with finkarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationspettarwoodpeckersspetta · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with finkarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlärkorlarkslärka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with finkar If he made himself their friend, they could warn him of dangers, provide him with hiding places, and, in a real emergency, band together and defend him.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gjordehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on skaffasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of gjordetillintotill · prepositionpreposition marking vänderastheirde · pronounpossessor of vänpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
vänfriendvän · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gjordesåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on skaffakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skaffadetheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of varnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
varnato warnvarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kundeMistagged as a plural noun; surface 'varna' is the infinitive of varna (to warn).
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of kundeföraboutför · prepositionpreposition marking farorfarordangersfara · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kundeskaffato getskaffa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of skaffagömställenhiding placesgömställ · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of skaffaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiini · prepositionpreposition marking nödfallstortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies nödfallnödfallemergencynödfall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of slåkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slådetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of slåslåbandslå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with skaffasigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of slåtillsammanstogethertillsammans · adverbmodifies slåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförsvaradefendförsvara · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with slåhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of försvara- 85
But when the boy, later in the day, wanted to follow this advice and turned to Sirle the squirrel to ask for his assistance, it turned out that he did not want to help him.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionmodifies följapojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of senaresenarelatersen · adverbpart of the phrase närpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of senarevillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of följaföljato followfölja · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on visaderådetadviceråd · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of följaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvändeturnedvände · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with följasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vändetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking SirleSirleSirleSirle · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vändeName of the squirrel character.
ekorrenthe squirrelekorr · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of följaförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of anhållaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of anhållainfinitive marker before a verb.
anhållaask foranhålla · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with följaomforom · prepositionpreposition marking biståndhanshishan · pronounpossessor of biståndbiståndhelpbistånd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of anhållavisadeshowedvisa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of visadesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of visadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hjälpadennehedenna · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of hjälpaArchaic masculine demonstrative "denne" used anaphorically for a previously named male person.
intenotinte · particlemodifies hjälpavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hjälpahjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitivedepends on visadehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälpa "You needn't expect anything good from me or from the other small animals," said Sirle.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies väntamåmaymå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of väntaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väntaväntato waitvänta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of väntanågotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies miggottgoodgod · adverbpart of the phrase någotavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of väntaelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of smådjurenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies smådjurensmådjurensmall creaturessmådjur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with migsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with väntaSirleSirleSirle · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeName of the squirrel character.
"Do you think we don't know that you're Nils the goose boy, who last year tore down swallows' nests, crushed starlings' eggs, threw baby crows into the marl pit, caught thrushes in snares, and put squirrels in cages?"
Trorthink/believeTror · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Trorintenotinte · particlemodifies Trorviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of Trorattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of Nilsduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Nilsärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to NilsNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativesubject of krossadegåsapåggoose boygåsapåg · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on NilsDialectal compound, 'goose boy' (the boy who herds/rides geese), used as Nils's nickname.
somwhosom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of revförrapreviousförra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies åretåretyearår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of revrevtorerev · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with Nilsnerdownner · adverbdepends on revsvalbonswallows' nestssvalbo · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of revkrossadecrushedkrossa · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Trorstaräggstarlings' eggsstarägg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies kråkungarkastadethrewkasta · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with staräggMistagged as an adjective; 'kastade' is the past tense of the verb 'kasta' (to throw).
kråkungarbaby crowskråkung · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of krossadeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking märgelgravenmärgelgravenmarl pitmärgelgraven · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of krossadefångadecaughtfånga · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with krossadetrastarthrushestrast · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fångadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking snarorsnarorsnaressnara · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of fångadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with krossadepast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
ekorrarsquirrelsekorr · verb, present, indicative, activemodifies krossadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking burburcagebur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of krossade"You'll just have to help yourself as best you can, and you may be glad we don't band together against you and chase you back to your own kind."
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fårfårhave tofå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencealltjustallt · adverbmodifies hjälpahjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fårdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälpasjälvyourselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying digsåasså · adverbintroduces the clause of kangottbestgod · adverbpart of the phrase såduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kankancankunna · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fårochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gladmåmaymå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gladvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to gladgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with fårattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sammangaddarviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sammangaddarintenotinte · particlemodifies sammangaddarsammangaddarband togethersammangadda · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gladossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sammangaddarmotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sammangaddarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagarchasejaga · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sammangaddardigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of jagartillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies jagartilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking egnadinayourdu · pronoun, pluralpossessor of egnaThis entry is really the possessive "dina" (plural agreement), mistagged under the lemma du.
egnaownegen · adjective, nominative, pluraloblique complement of jagar- 86
This was just the sort of answer the boy would never have let go unpunished in the old days, back when he was Nils the goose boy, but now he only grew afraid that the wild geese too might have found out how wicked he could be.
Dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of svarvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to svarjustjustjust · adverbmodifies svarettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of svarsådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies svarsvaranswersvar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of lämnatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lämnatintenotinte · particlemodifies lämnatskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lämnathahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of lämnatlämnatleftlämna · verb, active, supinerelative clause on svarostraffatunpunishedostraffa · verb, active, supinecomplement of lämnatförrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies ostraffatiini · prepositionpreposition marking världenvärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ostraffatnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåsapåghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåsapågvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gåsapågNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativepossessor of gåsapåggåsapåggoose boygåsapåg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on ostraffatDialectal compound, 'goose boy' (the boy who herds/rides geese), used as Nils's nickname.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with svarhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevbarajustbara · adverbmodifies blevräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevförofför · prepositionintroduces the clause of fåttattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase förocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies fåttvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåttattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
skullemightskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåtthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of fåttfåttfound outfå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on blevredafind outreda · adverbdepends on fåttpart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påoutpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of elakhurhowhur · adverbmodifies elakelakwickedelak · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on varahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of elakkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varavarabevara · verb, active, infinitivedirect object of fått He had been so anxious not to lose his place with the wild geese that he had not dared venture on the least piece of mischief since he had come into their company.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ängslighadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ängsligvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to ängsligsåsoså · adverbmodifies ängsligängsliganxiousängslig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of stannainfinitive marker before a verb.
intenotinte · particlemodifies stannafåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of stannastannastaystanna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on ängslighoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stannaattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vågathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vågatintenotinte · particlemodifies vågathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vågatvågatdaredvåga · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on stannasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vågatpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking odygddenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of odygdminstaleastliten · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies odygdodygdmischiefodygd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vågatsedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on ängsligiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking sällskapderastheirde · pronounpossessor of sällskappossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
sällskapcompanysällskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommitIt was true he had not been able to do much harm, small as he was, but he could well have destroyed many a bird's nest and broken many an egg, had he had a mind to.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with santvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to santsanttruesant · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of görahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of göraintenotinte · particlemodifies görahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of göraförmåttbeen able toförmå · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of göragöradogöra · verb, active, infinitivedepends on santmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies ontontharmont · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of göraBoth examples ('göra oss något ont' = 'do us harm', 'inte hade förmått göra mycket ont' = 'not been able to do much harm') attest the sense 'harm', not 'pain', which was the pinned default gloss.
såasså · adverbmodifies litenlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with görasomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on litenmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnogwellnog · adverbmodifies förstörtkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förstörthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstörthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of förstörtförstörtdestroyedförstöra · verb, active, supinecoordinated with göramångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fågelbonfågelbonbirds' nestsfågelbon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of förstörtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslagitbrokenslå · verb, active, supinecoordinated with förstörtsönderapart/brokensönder · adverbdepends on slagitmångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies äggäggeggsägg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of slagitomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hafthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hafthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on förstörtlustdesirelust · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haftAs it was he had only been well-behaved; he had not plucked a single feather from a goose's wing, had not given anyone a rude answer, and every morning, when he had greeted Akka, he had taken off his cap and bowed.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of snällhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of snällbarajustbara · adverbmodifies snällvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to snällsnällkindsnäll · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ryckthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of rycktintenotinte · particlemodifies rycktrycktpulledrycka · verb, active, supineparallel clause to snällenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fjäderfjäderfeatherfjäder · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ryckturout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking gåsvingeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåsvingegåsvingegoose's winggåsvinge · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rycktintenotinte · particlemodifies gettgettgivenge · verb, active, supinecoordinated with snällnågonanyonenågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of svarettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of svarohövligtrudeohövlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies svarsvaranswersvar · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gettochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarwasvara · determiner, common gender, singularpart of the phrase ochmistagged as a determiner; the surface 'var' here is the past tense of vara 'to be'.
morgonmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase varnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on snällhälsatgreetedhälsa · adverbdirect object of hadeMistagged as adverb; it is the supine of the verb 'hälsa' (to greet/visit).
pågreetedpå · prepositionpreposition marking AkkaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of hadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tagithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tagittagittakenta · verb, active, supineparallel clause to snällavoffav · prepositiondepends on tagitsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of tagitluvanthe capluvan · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tagitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbugatbowedbuga · verb, active, supinecoordinated with luvansighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bugat- 87
All through Thursday he went about thinking it was surely for the sake of his wickedness that the wild geese would not take him with them up to Lapland.
Helawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies torsdagentorsdagenThursdaytorsdag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickpåaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking tänkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of elakhetsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with elakhetssäkerligensurelysäkerligen · adverbmodifies elakhetsvarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularcopula linking to elakhetsthe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
förforför · prepositionpreposition marking elakhetshanshishan · pronounpossessor of elakhetselakhetswickednesselakhet · noun, genitive, neuter, singularadverbial clause on gickskullsakeskull · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on elakhetsonly occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'.
somthatsom · pronounsubject of taThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies tavildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of taattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
villewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on elakhetshonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of tamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigthemsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of tauppupupp · adverbdepends on tatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking LapplandLapplandLaplandLappland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of ta And when in the evening he heard that Sirle the squirrel's wife had been carried off, and that his children were starving to death, he resolved to help them, and it has already been told how well this succeeded for him.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hörahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörafickheardfå · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörahörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on beslötpåin the eveningpå · prepositionpreposition marking kvällenkvälleneveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of höraattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivitSirleSirleSirle · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ekorresName of the squirrel character.
ekorresthe squirrel'sekorres · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hustruhustruwifehustru · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hörabortrövadcarried offbortrövad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of höllohanshishan · pronounpossessor of barnbarnchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of höllohöllowerehöllo · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blivitpåstarvingpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of svältaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of svältainfinitive marker before a verb.
svältato starvesvälta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hölloihjälto deathihjäl · adverbdirect object of svältabeslötdecidedbeslöt · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of beslötsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of beslötförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of hjälpaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hjälpainfinitive marker before a verb.
hjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on beslötdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of hjälpaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with berättatärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to berättatredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies berättatberättattoldberätta · verb, active, supinecoordinated with beslöthurhowhur · adverbmodifies välvälwellväl · adverbmodifies lyckadesdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of lyckadeslyckadessucceededlycka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on berättatImpersonal 'det lyckades honom' = 'he succeeded'; lemma should be 'lyckas'.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lyckades- 88
When the boy came into the park on Friday, he heard the chaffinches singing in every thicket of how Sirle the squirrel's wife had been carried off from her tender young by cruel robbers, and how Nils the goose boy had ventured in among the humans and carried the little squirrel children to her.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kompojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kompåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking fredagenfredagenFridayfredag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies pojkenkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hördeininin · adverbdepends on komiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking parkenparkenparkpark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komhördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördebofinkarnathe chaffinchesbofinkarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hördesjungato singsjunga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of hördeiini · prepositionpreposition marking snårvartendaevery singlevartend · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies snårLemma should be 'vartenda'; determiner meaning 'every single one'.
snårthicketsnår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sjungaomofom · prepositionintroduces the clause of hadehurhowhur · adverbmodifies SirleSirleSirleSirle · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadeName of the squirrel character.
ekorresthe squirrel'sekorres · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hustruhustruwifehustru · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sjungaavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking rövaregrymmacruelgrymm · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies rövarerövarerobberrövare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadeblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinepassive auxiliary of bortfördbortfördcarried offbortför · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularparallel clause to hördePast participle 'bortförd' (carried off), mistagged as base adjective.
frånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking ungarsinahersig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of ungarspädatenderspäd · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ungarungaryoung onesung · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of bortfördochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhurhowhur · adverbmodifies gåsapågNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativemodifies gåsapåggåsapåggoose boygåsapåg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of vågatPåg is the Scanian word for boy.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vågatvågatdaredvåga · verb, active, supinecoordinated with bortfördsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vågatininin · adverbdepends on vågatiblandamongibland · adverbmodifies människornamänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of vågatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationburitcarriedburit · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with vågatdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ekorrbarnenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
småsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ekorrbarnenekorrbarnenthe squirrel childrenekorrbarnen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of burittilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies ekorrbarnen - 89
"Who is now so celebrated in the park at Övedskloster," sang the chaffinches, "as Thumbietot, he whom everyone feared back when he was Nils the goose boy?"
Vemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of firadärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to firadnunownu · adverbmodifies firadsåsoså · adverbmodifies firadfiradcelebratedfirad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseiini · prepositionpreposition marking parkÖvedsklostersÖvedskloster'sÖvedskloster · proper noun, genitivepossessor of parkparkparkpark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of firadsjöngosangsjöngo · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bofinkarnaOld plural past tense of 'sjunga' (to sing), mistagged as an adjective.
bofinkarnachaffinchesbofink · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of firadsomassom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of TummetottTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativeparallel clause to firadthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on Tummetottsomwhomsom · pronounintroduces the clause of fruktadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
allaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fruktadefruktadefearedfrukta · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on Tummetottpåat that timepå · prepositionpreposition marking tidendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fruktadedåwhendå · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåsapåghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåsapågvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gåsapågNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativepossessor of gåsapåggåsapåggoose boygåsapåg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on TummetottDialectal compound, 'goose boy' (the boy who herds/rides geese), used as Nils's nickname.
"Sirle the squirrel shall give him nuts, the poor hares shall play with him, the roe deer shall take him on their backs and flee with him when Smirre the fox draws near, the titmice shall warn him of the sparrowhawk, and finches and larks shall sing of his heroic deed."
SirleSirleSirle · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of geName of the squirrel character.
ekorrensquirrelekorre · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to Sirleskallwillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gegeto givege · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of genötternutsnött · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of gedetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of hararnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
fattigapoorfattig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hararnahararnathe hareshararna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies skolaskolashallskola · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gelekato playleka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of gemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lekarådjurenthe roe deerrådjur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies skolaskolashallskola · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of lekahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of tapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking ryggsintheirsig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of ryggryggbackrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of taochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationflyto fleefly · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with taundanawayundan · adverbdepends on flymedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flynärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of närmarSmirreSmirreSmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativepart of the phrase närmistagged as a comparative adjective; this is the proper name of the fox character.
rävfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of närmarnärmardraws nearnärma · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of närmarmesarnathe titmicemesarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies skolaskolashallskola · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of varnavarnato warnvarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldepends on taMistagged as a plural noun; surface 'varna' is the infinitive of varna (to warn).
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of varnaföraboutför · prepositionpreposition marking sparvhökensparvhökenthe sparrowhawksparvhök · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of varnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfinkarfinchesfink · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies skolaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlärkorlarkslärka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with finkarskolashallskola · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sjungasjungato singsjunga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with lekaomofom · prepositionpreposition marking hjältebragdhanshishan · pronounpossessor of hjältebragdhjältebragdheroic deedhjältebragd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sjunga- 90
The boy was quite certain that both Akka and the wild geese heard all this, but still the whole of Friday passed without their saying anything about his being allowed to stay with them.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of säkervarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to säkeralldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies säkersäkercertainsäker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasepåthatpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of hördeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hördebådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of hördeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Akkaattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
hördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on säkeralltallall · adverbmodifies hördedettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hördemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationändåstilländå · adverbmodifies gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with säkerhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies fredagenfredagenFridayfredag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of sadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sadesadesaidsa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with säkernågotanythingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sadeomaboutom · prepositionintroduces the clause of stannaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stannahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stannaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of stannafåbe allowed tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of stannastannastaystanna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sadehoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of stanna - 91
Right up to Saturday the geese got to graze on the fields around Öved, undisturbed by Smirre the fox.
Ändaright up toända · adverbmodifies lördagentilluntiltill · prepositionpreposition marking lördagenlördagenSaturdaylördag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fingofingogotfingo · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseArchaic plural past tense of 'få' (to get/receive), mislabeled as a noun.
gässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fingogässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
betagrazebeta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking åkrarnaåkrarnafieldsåkr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of betaomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies ÖvedÖvedÖvedÖved · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of betaostördaundisturbedostörd · pronoun, pluralcoordinated with Övedavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking rävSmirreSmirresmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativepossessor of rävName of Smirre the fox; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a comparative adjective.
rävfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ostörda But when they came out onto the fields on Saturday morning, he lay in ambush for them and pursued them from one field to the next, so that they got no peace to feed.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommopåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking lördagsmorgonenlördagsmorgonenSaturday morninglördagsmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommokommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencekommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
utoutut · adverbdepends on kommopåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking fältenfältenthe fieldsfält · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommolåglayligga · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularparallel clause to kommomistagged as adjective; the surface 'låg' here is the past tense of ligga 'to lie', not the unrelated adjective låg 'low'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lågiini · prepositionpreposition marking försåtförsåtambushförsåt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågförforför · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförföljdepursuedförföljde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of förföljdefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking åkerndenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of åkernenaoneena · adjective, nominativemodifies åkernåkernfieldåker · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förföljdetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking andradenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andraandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularoblique complement of förföljdesåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of fingoattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sådetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of matroingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of matromatropeace to feedmatro · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase såfingogotfingo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraladverbial clause on lågMistagged as a noun; fingo is the archaic plural past tense of få ("got/were given").
When Akka understood that he did not mean to leave them in peace, she quickly made up her mind, rose into the air, and flew with the flock several miles away over the plains of Färs district and the juniper hillocks of Linderödsåsen.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förstodAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of förstodproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
förstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on höjdeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ämnadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ämnadeintenotinte · particlemodifies ämnadeämnadeintendedämna · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of förstodlämnaleavelämna · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of ämnadedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of lämnaiini · prepositionpreposition marking fredfredpeacefred · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lämnafattademade upfatta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ämnadehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fattaderasktbrisklyrask · adverbmodifies fattadesitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of beslutpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
beslutdecisionbeslut · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fattadehöjderaisedhöja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of höjdeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of höjdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationflögflewflög · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with höjdemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking flockenflockenflockflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flerafleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies milmilmilesmil · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of flögSwedish mil = 10 km; conventionally rendered 'mile(s)' in translation.
bortawaybort · adverbmodifies flögöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking slätterFärsFärs'sFärs · proper noun, genitivepossessor of häradshäradsdistrict'shärad · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of slätterslätterplainsslätt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of flögochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationLinderödsåsensLinderöd Ridge'sLinderödsåsen · proper noun, genitivepossessor of enbackarenbackarjuniper hillocksenbacka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with slätterThey did not come down until they reached the area around Vittskövle.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of slogoslogocame downslogoa · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast plural of slå ('to strike/land'); lemma mislabeled 'slogoa'.
intenotinte · particlemodifies slogonerdownner · adverbdepends on slogoförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies traktenused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
iaroundi · prepositionpreposition marking traktentraktenregiontrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slogoavofav · prepositionpreposition marking VittskövleVittskövleVittskövleVittskövle · proper noun, nominativemodifies trakten- 92
But here at Vittskövle the gander was stolen, as has already been told.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhärherehär · adverbmodifies Vittskövlevidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking VittskövleVittskövleVittskövleVittskövle · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of blevmorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
bortstulenstolen awaybortstul · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of blevsåsomassåsom · conjunctionintroduces the clause of omtalatredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies omtalatärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to omtalatomtalatbeen toldomtala · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on blev If the boy had not exerted all his strength to help him, he would never have found his way back again.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadeintenotinte · particlemodifies hadepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hadeansträngtexertedansträng · verb, active, supinemodifies hadeallallall · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kraftsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of kraftkraftstrengthkraft · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of hjälpaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hjälpainfinitive marker before a verb.
hjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hadehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälpahadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommitaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencetillbacktill · prepositiondepends on kommiträttarighträtta · adjective, nominative, singularpart of the phrase tilligenagainigen · adverbpart of the phrase till- 93
When the boy came back with the gander to Lake Vomb on Saturday evening, he felt he had done a good day's work, and wondered a great deal what Akka and the wild geese would say.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kompojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kompåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking lördagskvällenlördagskvällenSaturday eveninglördagskväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies pojkenkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tycktetillbakabacktillbaka · adverbdepends on kommedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking gåskarlengåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of kommorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking VombsjönVombsjönLake VombVombsjön · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of komtycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gjorthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjorthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjortgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supineclausal complement of tyckteettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of dagsarbetegottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies dagsarbetedagsarbeteday's workdagsarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gjortochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationundradewonderedundra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gjortmycketa great dealmycket · adverbmodifies undradepåwonderpå · prepositionpreposition marking Akkavadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of AkkaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of undradeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägaattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
skullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with Akka And the wild geese were by no means sparing with praise, but they did not say the one word he longed to hear.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of voroattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, singularhead of the phrasePast plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective.
ingalundaby no meansingalunda · adverbmodifies sparsammasparsammasparingsparsam · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies berömpåwithpå · prepositionpreposition marking berömberömpraiseberöm · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on voromenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vorointenotinte · particlemodifies sadedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ordetordetwordord · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sadesomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of längtadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of längtadelängtadelongedlängta · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on ordetatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hörainfinitive marker before a verb.
fåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of hörahörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on längtade- 94
So it was Sunday again.
Såsoså · adverbmodifies blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of blevsöndagSundaysöndag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevigenagainigen · adverbmodifies blev A whole week had passed since the boy had been bewitched, and he was still just as small.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of veckahelwholehel · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies veckaveckaweekvecka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttpassedgå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förtrolladpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förtrolladhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förtrolladblivitbecomebli · auxiliary verb, active, supinepassive auxiliary of förtrolladförtrolladbewitchedförtrolla · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on gåttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationalltjämtstillalltjämt · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to litenhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varlikaequallylika · adverbmodifies litenlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of gått- 95
But it did not look as though he was troubling himself much on that score.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
intenotinte · particlemodifies sågutlookut · adverbdepends on sågsomas thoughsom · pronounsubject of göraThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of görahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of göraskullewasskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of göragöraworrygöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sågsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of göranågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of bekymmerbekymmerworriesbekymmer · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of göraföraboutför · prepositionpreposition marking sakensdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sakenssakensmatter'ssak · noun, genitive, common gender, singularmodifies bekymmerUsed chiefly in the fixed phrase 'för ... sakens skull', meaning 'for the sake of that matter'.
skullsakeskull · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sakensonly occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'.
On Sunday afternoon he sat curled up in a large, bushy willow shrub down by the lakeshore, blowing on a reed pipe.
Påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking söndagseftermiddagensöndagseftermiddagenSunday afternoonsöndagseftermiddag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattsattsatsitta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattinkrupencurled upinkrup · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sattMistagged as noun; it is the past participle 'inkrupen' of 'krypa in' (to creep in), used adjectivally.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking storenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattyvigbushyyvig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with storvidebuskewillow shrubvidebuske · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of yvigneredownnere · adverbmodifies yvigvidbyvid · prepositionpreposition marking sjöstrandensjöstrandenthe lakeshoresjöstrande · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of yvigochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblåsteblewblåste · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with storpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking vasspipavasspipareed pipevasspipa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blåsteAll around him sat as many titmice and chaffinches and starlings as the shrub could hold, twittering tunes that he tried to learn to play.
Runtaroundrunt · adverbpreposition marking suttoomkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of suttosuttosatsutto · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseOld plural past tense of sitta ('to sit'), mistagged here as a noun.
såasså · adverbmodifies mångamångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies mesarmesartitmicemes · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive suttoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbofinkarchaffinchesbofink · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with mesarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstararstarlingsstare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with bofinkarsomassom · pronoundirect object of rymmaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
buskenthe bushbusk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rymmakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of rymmarymmato holdrymma · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on mesarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkvittradetwitteredkvittra · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with rymmaMistagged as an adjective; 'kvittrade' is the past tense of the verb 'kvittra' (to twitter, chirp).
visortunesvisa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of rymmasomthatsom · pronoundirect object of försökteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försökteförsöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on visorläralearnlära · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försöktesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of läraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of spelainfinitive marker before a verb.
spelaplayspela · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of läraBut the boy was not very much at home in the art.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of mycketvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to mycketintenotinte · particlemodifies mycketmycketvery muchmycket · adverbhead of the phrasehemmaat homehemma · adverbmodifies mycketiini · prepositionpreposition marking konstenkonstenartkonst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hemmaHe blew so out of tune that the feathers stood up on all the little music teachers, and they shrieked and flapped about in despair.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blåsteblåsteblewblåste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies falsktfalsktout of tunefalsk · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of blåsteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of restefjädrarnafeathersfjädr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of resterestestood upresa · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of blåstesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of restepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking läromästarnaallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of läromästarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of läromästarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
småsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies läromästarnaläromästarnathe music teachersläromäst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of resteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of skrekoSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
skrekocried outskreko · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with blåsteTagged as a noun but is the past plural of skrika, 'to cry/shout' (kommo, gingo-style historical plural).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationflaxadeflappedflaxa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with skrekoiini · prepositionpreposition marking förtvivlanförtvivlandespairförtvivlan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flaxadeThe boy laughed so heartily at their eagerness that he dropped the pipe.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skrattadeskrattadelaughedskratta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies åtgottheartilygod · adverbpart of the phrase sååtatåt · prepositionmodifies skrattadederastheirde · pronounpossessor of iverpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
ivereagernessiv · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of skrattadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tappadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tappadetappadedroppedtappa · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on skrattadepipanpipepipa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tappade- 96
He began again, and it went just as badly, so that all the little birds cried out in dismay: "Today you're playing worse than usual, Thumbietot."
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåagainpå · prepositionmodifies börjadenyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase påigenagainigen · adverbpart of the phrase påochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlikaequallylika · adverbmodifies illaillabadlyilla · adverbmodifies gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with börjadedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of gicksåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of jämradeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of småfåglarnasmåfåglarnathe little birdssmåfåglarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of jämradejämrademoanedjämra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gicksigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of jämradeItodayi · prepositionmodifies spelardagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase Ispelarplayingspela · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of spelarsämreworsedålig · adverbmodifies spelaränthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of brukarduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brukarbrukartends tobruka · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on spelarTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativein apposition to brukarthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
"You can't hold a clean note."
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tartartakesta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies tarenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tonrencleanren · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tontonnoteton · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tar"Where are your thoughts, Thumbietot?"
Varwherevar · adverbmodifies harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hardinayourdu · pronoun, pluralpossessor of tankarThis entry is really the possessive "dina" (plural agreement), mistagged under the lemma du.
tankarthoughtstanka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of harTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativedirect object of harthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
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"They're elsewhere," said the boy, and that was true.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hållärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to hållpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking hållannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hållhålldirectionhåll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to hållpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of santvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to santsanttruesant · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with sade He sat wondering how long he would get to stay with the wild geese, or whether he might be sent home this very day.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationundradewonderedundra · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with sattMistagged as an adjective; this is the past tense of undra ("to wonder").
påwonderpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of stannahurhowhur · adverbmodifies längelängelonglänge · adverbmodifies stannahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stannaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of stannafåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of stannastannastaystanna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sattkvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on stannahoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stannaattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
elleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hemskickadhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive hemskickadskullemightskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hemskickadblito becomebli · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivepassive auxiliary of hemskickadhemskickadsent homehemskicka · verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominativecoordinated with stannakanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies hemskickadredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies dagdennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hemskickad- 98
Suddenly the boy threw the pipe from him and jumped down out of the shrub.
PlötsligensuddenlyPlötsligen · adverbmodifies kastadekastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kastadefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of kastadepipanpipepipa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kastadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhoppadejumpedhoppa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kastadenerdownner · adverbdepends on hoppadeurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking buskenbuskenthe bushbusk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hoppade He had seen Akka and all the geese coming toward him in a long row.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of settproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of gässengässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Akkagässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of settframforwardfram · adverbdepends on kommatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommaiini · prepositionpreposition marking radenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of radlånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies radradrowrad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommaThey walked so unusually slowly and solemnly that the boy at once felt he understood he was about to learn what they intended to do with him.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of gingoSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
gingowentgingo · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasePast plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective.
såsoså · adverbmodifies ovanligtovanligtunusuallyovanlig · adverbmodifies långsamtlångsamtslowlylångsam · adverbmodifies gingoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhögtidligtsolemnlyhögtidlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with långsamtattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tycktepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktegenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on gingosighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tyckteförståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vetahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetanunownu · adverbmodifies vetaskullewas about toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vetafåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of vetavetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of tycktevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of ämnadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ämnadeämnadeintendedämna · verb, past, indicative, activemodifies företaföretato undertakeföreta · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of vetasigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of företamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of företa- 99
When they finally stopped, Akka said: "You may well have reason to wonder at me, Thumbietot, for not having thanked you for saving me from Smirre the fox."
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stannadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of stannadeäntligenfinallyäntligen · adverbmodifies stannadestannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of sadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of haalltwellallt · adverbmodifies hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceskälreasonskäl · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hatilltotill · prepositionintroduces the clause of undraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of undrainfinitive marker before a verb.
undrato wonderundra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hapåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of undraTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with migthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
somforsom · pronounsubject of sagtThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies sagtharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagtsagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supinerelative clause on Tummetotttackthankstack · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on sagttilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sagtförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of räddadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of räddadeduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räddaderäddadesavedrädda · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sagtmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of räddadefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking rävSmirreSmirreSmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativepossessor of rävmistagged as a comparative adjective; this is the proper name of the fox character.
rävfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of räddade "But I am one who would rather give thanks in deed than in word."
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sådanärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to sådansådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tackarjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tackarhellreratherhellre · adverbmodifies tackartackarthanktacka · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sådanmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking handlinghandlingdeedhandling · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tackaränthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ordmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ordordwordord · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of tackar"And now, Thumbietot, I believe I have succeeded in doing you a great service."
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies TummetottTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativesubject of trorthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
trorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trorattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lyckatsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lyckatsharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lyckatslyckatssucceededlycka · verb, active, supineclausal complement of trorImpersonal 'lyckats' from 'lyckas' (to succeed); lemma should be 'lyckas'.
migmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lyckatsatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göradogöra · verb, active, infinitivedepends on lyckatsdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of göraenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tjänststorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tjänsttjänstservicetjänst · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of göra"I have sent word to that tomte who bewitched you."
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skickatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of skickatskickatsentskickaa · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencebudwordbud · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of skickattilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking dendeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of skickatdärtheredär · adverbmodifies tomtentomtentomte (gnome)tomt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to denfalse friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of förtrollatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of förtrollatförtrollatbewitchedförtrolla · verb, active, supinerelative clause on tomtendigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of förtrollat"At first he would not hear of curing you, but I have sent message after message to him and told him how well you have behaved among us."
Iati · prepositionpreposition marking börjanbörjanbeginningbörjan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of höravillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höraintenotinte · particlemodifies hörahörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencetalasto be talked abouttala · verb, passive, infinitivecomplement of höraIdiom hört talas om = 'heard tell of.'
omtellom · prepositionintroduces the clause of botaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of botainfinitive marker before a verb.
botato curebota · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on talasdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of botamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of säntharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of säntsäntsentsänt · verb, active, supinecoordinated with hörabudmessagebud · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of säntpåafterpå · prepositionpreposition marking budbudmessagebud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sänttilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of säntochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supinecoordinated with sänthonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sagthurhowhur · adverbmodifies välvälwellväl · adverbmodifies uppförtduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of uppförtharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of uppförtuppförtbehaveduppföra · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sagtdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of uppförtblandamongbland · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of uppfört"He now sends word that as soon as you turn back home, you shall become a human being."
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låterlåtersendslåta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies låterhälsasends wordhälsa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låterBoth given examples are the verb hälsa, not the noun: 'hälsa på i varenda gård' = 'to visit every farm', 'låter nu hälsa dig' = 'sends word/greeting to you'. The tagged noun sense ('health') is not attested in these examples; flagging as context-dependent since the surface is shared between noun and verb.
digyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of låteratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of snartinfinitive marker before a verb.
såasså · adverbmodifies snartsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies låtersomassom · adverbintroduces the clause of vänderAdverbial/conjunctive use of som ('as/just as'), distinct from its usual relative-pronoun sense.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändervänderturn backvända · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on låterhemhomehem · adverbmodifies vändertillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies vänderskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåfåbe allowed tofå · verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on låtermänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bli- 100
But imagine, just as glad as the boy had been when the wild goose began speaking, just as sad was he when she finished!
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtänkthink!tänka · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gladlikaequallylika · adverbmodifies gladgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of tänksomassom · pronoundirect object of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gladvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supinecoordinated with gladnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of börjadevildgåsenthe wild goosevildgåsen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gladtalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadelikaequallylika · adverbmodifies bedrövadbedrövaddistressedbedrövad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to talavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to bedrövadhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on varnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slutadehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slutadeslutadestoppedsluta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tala He said not a word, but only turned away and wept.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies sadeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ordordwordord · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sadeutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
vändeturnedväna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadePast tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vändebarajustbara · adverbmodifies bortbortawaybort · adverbmodifies vändeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgrätweptgrät · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with bortmistagged as a noun; it is the past tense of 'gråta' (to weep).
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"Whatever in the world is this?" said Akka.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on »iini · prepositionintroduces the clause of dettaallallall · determiner, common gender, singularpart of the phrase ivärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dettaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of Vadsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
"It looks as though you had expected more from me than I have now offered you."
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceutlookut · adverbdepends on sersomas thoughsom · pronounsubject of väntatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of väntatduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väntathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of väntatväntatexpectedvänta · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on serdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of väntatmermoremycket · adverbmodifies väntatavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of väntatänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of erbjuditjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of erbjuditnunownu · adverbmodifies erbjuditharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of erbjuditerbjuditofferederbjuda · verb, active, supinecoordinated with väntatdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of erbjudit- 102
But the boy thought of carefree days and merry jests, of adventures and freedom and journeys high up over the earth, which he would have to give up, and he fairly wailed with grief.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking dagarsorgfriacarefreesorgfri · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dagardagardaysdag · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of tänkteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlustigtamusinglustig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies skämtskämtjokeskämt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with tänktepåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking äventyräventyradventureäventyr · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of högtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfrihetfreedomfrihet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with äventyrochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfärderjourneysfärd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with äventyrhögthighhög · adverbmodifies tänktethis type bundles the positive, comparative, and superlative degree forms (högt, högre, högst) under one entry.
uppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies tänkteöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking jordenjordenearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uppesomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of gåThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on jordenmistegive upmiste · adverbdepends on gåommissedom · prepositionpreposition marking somochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tjötriktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies tjöttjötwailedtjöt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with tänkteMistagged as a noun; surface 'tjöt' is the past tense of tjuta (to howl/wail).
avwithav · prepositionpreposition marking bedrövelsebedrövelsegriefbedrövelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tjöt "I don't care about becoming human," he said.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bryrbryrcaresbry · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceAlmost always used reflexively, bry sig om, 'to care about'.
migmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of bryrintenotinte · particlemodifies bryromaboutom · prepositionintroduces the clause of bliatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bliinfinitive marker before a verb.
blibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on bryrmänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blisadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to bryrhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade"I want to go with you to Lapland."
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of följavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of följaföljato followfölja · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositiondepends on följaeryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of följaObject form er of the plural/formal pronoun ni.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking LapplandLapplandLaplandLappland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of följa— "I'll tell you something," said Akka.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivedepends on —digyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of sägaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of saksakthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sägasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sägaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
"That tomte is quick to take offense, and I'm afraid that if you don't accept his offer now, it will be hard for you to win him over another time."
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardepends on blirdärtheredär · adverbmodifies lättretligtomtentomte (gnome)tomt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lättretligfalse friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to lättretliglättretligquick-temperedlättretlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on Denochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räddärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to räddräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with lättretligförofför · prepositionintroduces the clause of tarattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of taromifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tarduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tarintenotinte · particlemodifies tartartakesta · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on räddemotacceptemot · adverbdepends on tarhanshishan · pronounpossessor of anbudanbudoffersanbud · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of tarnunownu · adverbmodifies tarsåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on »detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blirsvårtdifficultsvår · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of blirförforför · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bliratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bevekainfinitive marker before a verb.
bevekato win overbeveka · verb, active, infinitivedepends on blirhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of bevekaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gångannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gånggångtimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of beveka- 103
It was a strange thing about that boy, that in all his life he had never been fond of anyone.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of besynnerligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to besynnerligtbesynnerligtstrangebesynnerlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking dendenaen · determiner, common gender, singularoblique complement of besynnerligtdärtheredär · adverbmodifies pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tycktatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of levatinfinitive marker before a verb.
såasså · adverbmodifies längelängeall his lifelänge · adverbmodifies levathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of levatlevatlivedlevat · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying pojkenMistagged as a noun; this is the supine of the verb 'leva' ('to live').
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tyckthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies tyckttycktthoughttycka · verb, active, supinerelative clause on denomfond ofom · prepositionpreposition marking någonnågonanyonenågon · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of tyckt He had not been fond of father and mother, not of the schoolteacher, not of his schoolmates, not of the boys on the neighboring farms.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tycktintenotinte · particlemodifies tyckttycktfond oftyck · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceSupine of 'tycka'; sense splits between 'liked' (tyckt om) and 'thought/seemed' (tyckt sig se).
omfond ofom · prepositionpreposition marking farfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tycktochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with farintenotinte · particlemodifies tycktomfond ofom · prepositioncoordinated with tycktskollärarenthe schoolmasterskollärar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tycktintenotinte · particlemodifies skolkamraternaomfond ofom · prepositionpreposition marking skolkamraternaskolkamraternathe schoolmatesskolkamrat · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with skollärarenintenotinte · particlemodifies pojkarnaomifom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking pojkarnapojkarnaboyspojke · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with skolkamraternaioni · prepositionpreposition marking granngårdarnagranngårdarnathe neighboring farmsgranngård · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies pojkarnaEverything they had wanted him to do, whether play or work, he had only found tiresome.
Allteverythingallt · adverbintroduces the clause of velatvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of velatdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of velathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of velatvelatwantedvela · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hadelemma should be vilja 'to want'; velat is its supine form.
hato haveha · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of velathonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of haatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göradogöra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of havarewhethervare · conjunctionintroduces the clause of lekAppears in the correlative vare sig ... eller ... ("whether ... or ...").
sigwhethersig · pronoun, accusativepart of the phrase varedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of lekhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lekvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to leklekplaylek · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with velatelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationarbeteworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with lekhadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tyckthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktbarajustbara · adverbmodifies tyckttycktfoundtyck · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasevarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to tråkigttråkigtboringtråkig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of tycktThat was why there was now no one he missed or longed for.
Därförthat was whydärför · adverbmodifies fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsnunownu · adverbmodifies fannsingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singulardepends on fannssomwhomsom · pronounoblique complement of saknadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of saknadesaknademissedsakna · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on ingenelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlängtadelongedlängtad · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with saknadePast tense of the verb 'längta' (to long/yearn); mistagged as an adjective.
efterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking som- 104
The only ones he had, after a fashion, been able to get along with had been Åsa the goose girl and little Mats, a couple of children who had herded geese in the fields just as he himself had done.
Detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of endaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
endaonlyenda · adjective, nominativesubject of Åsasomwhosom · pronounmodifies samsasThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularquantifies somnågotafter a fashionnågon · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies somsåroughlyså · adverbmodifies samsasnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionmodifies samsashadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of samsaskunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of samsassamsasto get alongsamsas · verb, passive, infinitiverelative clause on endamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking samsashadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of Åsavaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to ÅsaÅsaÅsaÅsa · proper noun, nominativehead of the phrasegåsapigagoose girlgåsapig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies MatsMistagged as an adjective; gåsapiga is the noun "goose girl" (a herding role), always paired with a name (Åsa gåsapiga).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlillelittlelille · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularcoordinated with gåsapigaMatsMatsMats · proper noun, nominativedepends on Åsaettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies barnbarnchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of Åsasomwhosom · pronounsubject of gåttThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttherdedgå · verb, active, supinerelative clause on barnvallherdedvall · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gåttmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking gässgässgeesegäss · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gåttmistagged as neuter singular; 'gäss' is the plural of 'gås' (goose).
påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking åkrarnaåkrarnafieldsåkr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gåttliksomjust asliksom · adverbintroduces the clause of hanhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying åkrarnasjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying han But not even them had he truly cared for.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies höllhöllcared forhålla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllriktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies höllavforav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of höllhellereitherheller · adverbmodifies höllNo, far from it.
Nejnonej · interjectionhead of the phraselångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies Nejifrånfromifrån · prepositiondepends on Nej- 105
"I don't want to become human," wailed the boy.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliintenotinte · particlemodifies bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blitjötwailedtjöt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies pojkenMistagged as a noun; surface 'tjöt' is the past tense of tjuta (to howl/wail).
pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularparallel clause to bli "I want to go with you to Lapland.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of följavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of följaföljato followfölja · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositiondepends on följaeryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of följaObject form er of the plural/formal pronoun ni.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking LapplandLapplandLaplandLappland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of följaThat's why I've been good this whole week."
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with därförärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to därfördärförwhydärför · adverbhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of snällThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of snällharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of snällvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to snällsnällkindsnäll · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on därförenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of veckahelwholehel · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies veckaveckaweekvecka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of snäll— "I won't refuse to let you come along with us, as far as you like," said Akka, "but think first now whether you wouldn't rather turn back home!
Intenotinte · particlemodifies nekavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of nekajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of nekanekarefuseneka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of nekaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of följainfinitive marker before a verb.
följato followfölja · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on nekamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of följasåasså · adverbmodifies långtlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies följasomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of villduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villvillwantsvilja · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on långtsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with nekaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtänkthink!tänka · verb, imperative, activecoordinated with sadenunownu · adverbmodifies tänkförstfirstförst · adverbmodifies tänkefteroverefter · prepositionintroduces the clause of vändaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vändaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändaintenotinte · particlemodifies hellrehellreratherhellre · adverbmodifies vändavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of vändavändato turnvända · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tänkombackom · prepositiondepends on vändahemhomehem · adverbdirect object of vändaIt may well be that a day will come when you regret this."
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with kommakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommaalltwellallt · adverbmodifies kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kommanärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ångrarduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ångrarångrarregretsångra · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kommadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of ångrar- 106
"No," said the boy, "there's nothing to regret.
Nejnonej · interjectionhead of the phrasesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Nejpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with ingentingärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to ingentingingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularin apposition to sadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ångrainfinitive marker before a verb.
ångrato regretångra · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying ingenting I've never had it so good as here with you."
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haftharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of haftaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of haftsåsoså · adverbmodifies brabragoodbra · adverbmodifies haftsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of erhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase somhoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of haft- 107
"Well, then it shall be as you wish," said Akka.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on blidåthendå · adverbmodifies bliskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of blidetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blifåmayfå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesomassom · pronoundirect object of villThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villvillwantsvilja · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blisadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to bliAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
- 108
"Thank you!" said the boy, and felt so happy that he had to weep with joy, just as he had before wept with sorrow.
Tackthankstack · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kändesåsoså · adverbmodifies lyckliglycklighappylycklig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of kändeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gråtahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gråtamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gråtagråtato crygråta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on lyckligavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking glädjeglädjejoyglädje · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gråtaliksomjust asliksom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gråtithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gråtitförutbeforeförut · adverbmodifies gråtithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gråtitgråtitweptgråta · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on gråtaavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking sorgsorgsorrowsorg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gråtit
The particulars
- The text
- Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige, Selma Lagerlöf. The Wonderful Adventures of Nils.
- Translation
- Public-domain Swedish (Lagerlöf, d. 1940; published 1906–07). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
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