Swedish · The Wonderful Adventures of Nils
Akka från Kebnekajse
Akka from Kebnekajse
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- 1
THE EVENING.
KVÄLLENTHE EVENINGKVÄLLEN · proper noun, nominativehead of the phrase - 2
The big tame gander, who had gone up into the air with them, felt very proud to be flying back and forth over Söderslätt in the company of the wild geese and making a spectacle in front of the tame fowl.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåskarlenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies tamaweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
tamatametama · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gåskarlengåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of kändemorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of följtThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of följtföljtfollowedfölja · verb, active, supinerelative clause on gåskarlenmedwithmed · prepositionmodifies följtuppupupp · adverbpart of the phrase mediini · prepositionpreposition marking luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uppkändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kändemycketverymycket · adverbmodifies stoltstoltproudstolt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of kändeFunctions as adjective 'proud' in all examples, despite the noun tag.
övertoöver · prepositionintroduces the clause of fåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fåget tofå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kändefaragofara · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåsome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
framforwardfram · adverbcomplement of fåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtillbakabacktillbaka · adverbcoordinated with framöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking SöderslättSöderslättSöderslättSöderslätt · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of fåPlain in southern Skåne.
iini · prepositionmodifies kändesällskapcompanysällskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase imedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kändeattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationföramake a spectacleföra · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kändespektakelspectaclespektakel · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of föramedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking tamfåglarnatamfåglarnathe tame fowltamfågle · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of föra But happy as he was, it couldn't be helped that he began to tire toward afternoon.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhurhowhur · adverbmodifies lyckliglycklighappylycklig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on hjälpashanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lyckligänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varvarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularadverbial clause on lyckligthe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
kundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hjälpasdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with hjälpasintenotinte · particlemodifies hjälpashjälpasbe helpedhjälpa · verb, passive, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of börjadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on hjälpaströttnatiretrötten · verb, past, participle, plural, nominativecomplement of hjälpasframpåtowardframpå · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies eftermiddageneftermiddagenafternooneftermiddag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tröttnaHe tried to take deeper breaths and beat his wings faster, but even so he fell several goose-lengths behind the others.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försökteförsöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tainfinitive marker before a verb.
tato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on försöktedjuparedeeperdjup · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies andetagandetagbreathsandetag · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of taochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslåbeatslå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with tasnabbarefastersnabb · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies vingslagvingslagwingbeatvingslag · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of slåmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationieven soi · prepositionpreposition marking fallallaallall · determiner, pluralpart of the phrase ifallcasesfall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with försöktehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevfleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gåslängdergåslängdergoose-lengthsgåslängd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of blevefterbehindefter · prepositionpreposition marking andradetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andraSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraothersannan · pronoun, pluralcomplement of blev- 3
When the wild geese flying last noticed that the tame one couldn't keep up, they began calling to the goose that flew at the point of the wedge and led the train: »Akka from Kebnekajse! Akka from Kebnekajse!»
Dåwhendå · adverbmodifies vildgässendetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vildgässenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on börjadeattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of flögoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
flögoflewflögo · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on vildgässenPast plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense.
sistlastsist · adverbmodifies flögomärktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with flögoattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of följadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tametamethe tame onetame · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of följaintenotinte · particlemodifies följakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of följaföljato followfölja · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of märktemedwithmed · prepositiondepends on följabörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of börjaderopato call outropa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking gåsendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåsengåsengoosegås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ropasomthatsom · pronounsubject of leddeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
forflewfor · prepositionpreposition marking spetsenPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
iati · prepositionpreposition marking spetsenspetsenfront/headspetse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies somi spetsen = 'at the head/front' (of a line).
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking vinkelnvinkelnanglevinkel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies spetsenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationleddeledleda · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on gåsentågettraintåg · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of leddeSecond example ('en sjöman äntrar uppför ett tåg' = 'a sailor climbs up a rope') uses the nautical sense 'rope', not 'train'; the type was pinned to 'train' with contextDependent false, missing this attested sense.
AkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
frånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking KebnekajseKebnekajseKebnekaiseKebnekajse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies AkkaMountain in Lapland; Akka's epithet 'from Kebnekajse.'
AkkaAkkaAkka · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseProper name of the lead goose; mistagged as common noun.
frånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking KebnekajseKebnekajseKebnekaiseKebnekajse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of AkkaMountain in Lapland; Akka's epithet 'from Kebnekajse.'
— »What do you want with me?» asked the lead goose.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of villvillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
migmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of villfrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedåthendå · adverbmodifies frågadeförargåsenlead gooseförargås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågade— »The white one is falling behind. The white one is falling behind.»
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vitevitethe white onevite · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blirSubstantivized adjective 'vit' referring to the white gander.
blirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceefterbehindefter · prepositiondepends on blirDenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vitevitewhite onevite · adjective, nominativesubject of blirDefinite/weak form of vit used substantively, "the white one".
blirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceefterbehindefter · prepositiondepends on blir— »Tell him it's easier to fly fast than slow!» called the lead goose, and stretched on as before.
Sägtellsäg · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of Sägattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gårdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of Säglättareeasierlätt · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of gåratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of flygainfinitive marker before a verb.
flygaflyflyga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gårfortfastfort · adverbmodifies flygaänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of långsamtlångsamtslowlylångsam · adverbadverbial clause on gårropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceförargåsenlead gooseförargås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsträcktestretchedsträcka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ropadepåonpå · prepositiondepends on sträcktesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förutförutbeforeförut · adverbadverbial clause on sträckte- 4
The gander did try to follow the advice and pick up speed, but in doing so he grew so exhausted that he sank right down toward the pollarded willows that lined the fields and meadows.
Gåskarlenthe ganderGåskarlen · proper noun, nominativesubject of försökteförsöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenogdidnog · adverbmodifies försökteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of följainfinitive marker before a verb.
följato followfölja · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on försökterådetadviceråd · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of följaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationökaincreaseöka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with följafartenspeedfart · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ökamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärvidin doing sodärvid · adverbmodifies blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with försöktehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevsåsoså · adverbmodifies utmattadutmattadexhaustedutmattad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sjönkhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sjönksjönksanksjönk · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blevändaright downända · adverbmodifies nernerdownner · adverbmodifies sjönkmottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking pilträdendetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of pilträdenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
klipptaclippedklippa · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies pilträdenMistagged as an adjective; 'klippta' is the past participle of 'klippa' (to clip, pollard).
pilträdenthe willow treespilträde · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of nersomthatsom · pronounsubject of åkrarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kantadelinedkanta · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies åkrarMistagged as an adjective; 'kantade' is the past tense/participle of 'kanta' (to border/line).
åkrarfieldsåker · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralrelative clause on pilträdenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationängarmeadowsäng · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with åkrar - 5
»Akka, Akka, Akka from Kebnekajse!» called those flying last, who saw how hard a time he was having.
AkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
AkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Akkaproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
AkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Akkaproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
frånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking KebnekajseKebnekajseKebnekaiseKebnekajse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies AkkaMountain in Lapland; Akka's epithet 'from Kebnekajse.'
ropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedåthendå · adverbmodifies ropadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ropadesomwhosom · pronounsubject of flögoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
flögoflewflögo · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on dePast plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense.
sistlastsist · adverbmodifies flögoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågosawsågo · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with flögomistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw).
hurhowhur · adverbmodifies svårtsvårtdifficultsvår · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of sågohanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on svårtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hade — »What do you want now again?» asked the lead goose, sounding terribly cross.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of villvillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
nunownu · adverbmodifies villigenagainigen · adverbmodifies villfrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceförargåsenlead gooseförargås · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of frågadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlätsoundedlät · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with frågadefasligtterriblyfaslig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies vresigUsed adverbially: 'dreadfully/terribly'.
vresigcrossvresig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of lät— »The white one is sinking to the ground. The white one is sinking to the ground.»
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vitevitethe white onevite · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sjunkerSubstantivized adjective 'vit' referring to the white gander.
sjunkersinkssjunka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking jordenjordenearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sjunkerDenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vitevitewhite onevite · adjective, nominativesubject of sjunkerDefinite/weak form of vit used substantively, "the white one".
sjunkersinkssjunka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking jordenjordenearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sjunker— »Tell him it's easier to fly high than low!» called the lead goose.
Sägtellsäg · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of Sägattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gårdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of Säglättareeasierlätt · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of gåratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of flygainfinitive marker before a verb.
flygaflyflyga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gårhögthighhög · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies flygaänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lågtlågtlowlåg · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies flygaropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Sägförargåsenlead gooseförargås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropadeAnd she did not slacken her speed in the least, but stretched on as before.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of saktadesaktadeslackenedsakta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies saktadefartenspeedfart · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of saktadedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of minstaminstaleastliten · adjective, nominative, superlativedirect object of saktadeutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
sträcktestretchedsträckte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with saktadepåonpå · prepositiondepends on sträcktesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förutförutbeforeförut · adverbadverbial clause on sträckte- 6
The gander tried to follow this advice too, but when he tried to rise, he grew so short of breath that he nearly burst his chest.
Gåskarlenthe ganderGåskarlen · proper noun, nominativesubject of försökteförsöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceföljato followfölja · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försökteocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies följadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of rådetrådetadviceråd · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of följamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of höjahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höjavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of höjahöjato raisehöja · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with försöktesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of höjablevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to försöktehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevsåsoså · adverbmodifies andfåddandfåddshort of breathandfådd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of höllhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllhöllnearlyhålla · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of blevpånearlypå · prepositiondepends on höllatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sprängainfinitive marker before a verb.
sprängaburstspränga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on höllbröstetchestbröst · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of spränga - 7
»Akka, Akka!» called those flying last.
AkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
AkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Akkaproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
ropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedåthendå · adverbmodifies ropadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ropadesomwhosom · pronounsubject of flögoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
flögoflewflögo · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on dePast plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense.
sistlastsist · adverbmodifies flögo — »Can't you let me fly in peace?» asked the lead goose, sounding even more impatient than before.
Kancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of låtaniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låtasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
intenotinte · particlemodifies låtalåtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of låtaflygaflyflyga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låtaiini · prepositionpreposition marking fredfredpeacefred · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flygafrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceförargåsenlead gooseförargås · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of frågadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlätsoundedlät · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with frågadeänevenän · adverbmodifies lätmeramoremycket · adverbmodifies otåligotåligimpatientotålig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of lätänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förutförutbeforeförut · adverbadverbial clause on otålig— »The white one is about to crash. The white one is about to crash.»
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vitevitethe white onevite · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hållerSubstantivized adjective 'vit' referring to the white gander.
hållerkeepshålla · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåabout topå · prepositiondepends on hållerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of störtastörtato plungestörta · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of hållerDenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vitevitethe white onevite · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hållerSubstantivized adjective 'vit' referring to the white gander.
hållerkeepshålla · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåabout topå · prepositiondepends on hållerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of störtastörtato plungestörta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on håller— »Tell him that whoever can't keep up with the flock may turn back home!» called the lead goose.
Sägtellsäg · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of Sägattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vändadenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of vändasomwhosom · pronounsubject of orkarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies orkarorkarmanagesorka · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on denföljato followfölja · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of orkarmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking flockenflockenflockflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of följakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of vändavändato turnvända · verb, active, infinitivedepends on Sägombackom · prepositiondepends on vändahemhomehem · adverbmodifies vändaropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceförargåsenlead gooseförargås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropadeAnd it certainly did not occur to her to slacken her speed, but she stretched on as before.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with föllföllfellföll · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularsubject of föllvisstcertainlyviss · adverbmodifies föllsurface visst here is the adverb 'certainly/surely', not the adjective viss 'certain'.
intenotinte · particlemodifies föllininin · adverbdepends on föllatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of saktainfinitive marker before a verb.
saktaslackensakta · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of föllsakta doubles as the adverb 'slowly' (flög sakta) and the verb 'to slacken' (sakta farten).
fartenspeedfart · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of saktautanbututan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sträcktehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sträcktesträcktestretchedsträcka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with föllpåonpå · prepositiondepends on sträcktesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förutförutbeforeförut · adverbadverbial clause on sträckte- 8
»So that's how things stand,» thought the gander.
JasåsoJaså · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stårInterjection mistagged as a noun; expresses mild surprise or acknowledgment and its English rendering shifts with tone.
stårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with stårtillthings standtill · prepositiondepends on stårpåthat waypå · prepositionpreposition marking visetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of visetvisetwayvis · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stårIn the phrase på det viset ("in that way"); distinct from the homograph adjective vis ("wise").
tänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stårgåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of tänktemorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
He understood at once that the wild geese had never intended to take him with them up to Lapland.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of begrepbegrepunderstoodbegrep · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasePast-tense verb 'begrep' (understood), mistagged as a noun.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ensensat onceens · adverboblique complement of begrepUsed in the fixed idiom med ens 'all at once/suddenly.'
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tavildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of taattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
aldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies tahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of taämnatintended toämna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitivedepends on begrephonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of tamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigthemsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of tauppupupp · adverbmodifies Lapplandtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking LapplandLapplandLaplandLappland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of taThey had only lured him away from home for sport.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of lockathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lockatbarajustbara · adverbmodifies lockatlockatluredlocka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lockathemifrånfrom homehemifrån · adverbmodifies lockatpåfor sportpå · prepositionpreposition marking leklekplaylek · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lockat- 9
He felt quite vexed that his strength should fail him now, so that he could not show those vagabonds that a tame goose too could amount to something.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändekändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kändebraquitebra · adverbmodifies förargadförargadannoyedförargad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of kändeöverthatöver · prepositionintroduces the clause of svikaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of svikakrafternastrengthkraft · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of svikanunownu · adverbmodifies svikaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of svikasvikafailsvika · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kändehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of svikasåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of visaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visaintenotinte · particlemodifies visafickcouldfå · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of visavisato showvisa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on dugadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldirect object of visadärtheredär · adverbmodifies visalandstrykarnathe vagabondslandstrykarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of visaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tamgåsocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies enenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tamgåstamgåstame goosetamgås · adverbclause modifying landstrykarnakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of dugadugabe goodduga · adverbadverbial clause on kändetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking någotnågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of duga And the most galling thing of all was that he had happened to fall in with Akka from Kebnekajse.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of harmligasteallraof allallra · adverbmodifies harmligaste"Most of all" only fits "allra ondast" (angriest of all); in "allra vackraste," "allra tunnaste," and "allra förskräckligaste" allra intensifies the following superlative and renders as "very" (the very loveliest/thinnest/worst).
harmligastemost gallingharmligaste · adjective, nominative, superlativehead of the phrasevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to harmligasteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of råkathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkatråkatfallen in withråka · verb, active, supinedepends on harmligastesammantogethersamman · adverbdepends on råkatmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking AkkaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of råkatproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
frånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking KebnekajseKebnekajseKebnekaiseKebnekajse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of råkatMountain in Lapland; Akka's epithet 'from Kebnekajse.'
For tame goose though he was, he had heard tell of a lead goose named Akka who was more than a hundred years old.
Förforför · prepositionmodifies tamgåssåasså · adverbpart of the phrase Förtamgåstame goosetamgås · adjective, nominativehead of the phrasehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tamgåsvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tamgåshadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörthörtheardhöra · verb, active, supineauxiliary of talastalasto be talked abouttala · verb, passive, infinitivecoordinated with tamgåsIdiom hört talas om = 'heard tell of.'
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förargåsenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of förargåsförargåslead gooseförargås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talassomwhosom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of hettehettewas namedhette · verb, past, indicative, activeclause modifying förargåsAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedepends on hetteproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies mermermoremycket · adverbmodifies gammalänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking århundrahundredhundra · numeral, nominativequantifies åråryearsår · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of gammalgammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with förargåsShe had such great standing that the best wild geese to be found used to join themselves to her.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesåsuchså · adverbmodifies hadestortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies anseendeanseendereputationanseende · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of brukadedetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vildgässSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
bästabestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies vildgässvildgässwild geesevildgäss · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of brukadesomthatsom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of funnosfunnosexistedfunnos · proper noun, nominativein apposition to vildgässOld plural past tense of 'finnas' (to exist/be found), mistagged as a proper noun.
brukadeused tobruka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hadeslutajoinsluta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of brukadesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of slutatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slutaBut no one held such contempt for tame geese as Akka and her flock did, and he would gladly have shown them that he was their equal.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on velatettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of föraktsådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies föraktföraktcontemptförakt · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeförforför · prepositionpreposition marking tamgässtamgässtame geesetamgäss · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hadesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of AkkaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativecomplement of hadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhennesherhon · pronounpossessor of flockpossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
flockflockflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Akkaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgärnagladlygärna · adverbmodifies hadeType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of velathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of velatvelatwantedvela · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencelemma should be vilja 'to want'; velat is its supine form.
visato showvisa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of velatdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of visaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of jämlikehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of jämlikevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to jämlikederastheirde · pronounpossessor of jämlikepossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
jämliketheir equaljämlike · proper noun, nominativeadverbial clause on visa- 10
He flew slowly after the others, while he debated with himself whether to turn back or go on.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flögflögflewflög · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesaktaslowlysakta · verb, active, infinitivedirect object of flögsakta doubles as the adverb 'slowly' (flög sakta) and the verb 'to slacken' (sakta farten).
efterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking andradetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andraSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraothersannan · pronoun, pluraloblique complement of flögmedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of överladehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of överladeöverladedeliberatedöverla · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on flögmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of överladesjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sigomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vändahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vändavändato turnvända · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on överladeelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfortsättato continuefortsätta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with vända Then suddenly the little urchin he carried on his back said: »Dear Morten Goosey-Gander, surely you understand that it's impossible for you, who have never flown before, to follow the wild geese all the way up to Lapland.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceplötsligensuddenlyplötsligen · adverbmodifies sadedenaen · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of sadedärtheredär · adverbmodifies parvelnparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sadesomwhosom · pronoundirect object of barThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of barbarcarriedba · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on parvelnTagged present tense, but every occurrence is the old preterite of bära ("carried"), not the present.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking ryggsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of ryggryggbackrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of barKäraDearkära · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseMårtenMortenMårten · proper noun, nominativesubject of Kärathe studio translation renders this name as 'Morten'.
gåskarlgandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Käraduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstårförstårunderstand(s)förstå · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to Käravälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies förstårattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of omöjligtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with omöjligtärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to omöjligtomöjligtimpossibleomöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of Käraförforför · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of omöjligtsomwhosom · pronounsubject of flugitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
aldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies flugitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of flugitflugitflownfluga · verb, active, supinerelative clause on Käraförrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies flugitatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of följainfinitive marker before a verb.
följato followfölja · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on Käramedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of följaattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
ändaall the wayända · adverbmodifies oppoppupopp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on följaDialectal form of upp ("up"), mistagged as a noun by the parser.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking LapplandLapplandLaplandLappland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of oppShouldn't you turn back home before you ruin yourself?»
Skawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of vändaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändaintenotinte · particlemodifies vändavändato turnvända · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceombackom · prepositiondepends on vändahemhomehem · adverbmodifies vändainnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förstörduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstörförstörruinförstör · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on vändadigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of förstör- 11
But the crofter's boy was the worst thing the gander knew, and no sooner did he understand that the poor wretch believed he couldn't manage the journey than he resolved to hold out.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhusmanspojkenthe crofter's boyhusmanspojk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to visstedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of gåskarlenvärstaworstond · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies gåskarlengåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of visstemorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
vissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies förrförrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies begrepbegrepunderstoodbegrep · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with visstePast-tense verb 'begrep' (understood), mistagged as an adjective.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of begrepattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of troddedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardeterminer of stackarnstackarnthe poor wretchstackarn · adverbsubject of troddetroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on begrepattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of görahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of göraintenotinte · particlemodifies görakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of göragöramakegöra · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of troddefärdenjourneyfärd · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of göraänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of beslöthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of beslötbeslötdecidedbeslöt · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on begrepatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hållainfinitive marker before a verb.
hållato hold outhålla · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of beslötutoutut · adverbdepends on hålla »Say one more word about this, and I'll drop you into the first marl-pit we fly over,» he said, and at the same moment got such strength from his indignation that he began to fly almost as well as any of the others.
Sägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kastarduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Sägerettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ordordwordord · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of Sägermermoremycket · adverbmodifies Sägeromaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of Sägerkastarthrowskasta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kastarnerdownner · adverbdepends on kastardigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of kastariintoi · prepositionpreposition marking märgelgravförstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies märgelgravsurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
märgelgravmarl pitmärgelgrav · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kastarsomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of farThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of farfartravels/fliesfara · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on märgelgravVildgässen far = the wild geese fly/travel; used generically for travel by any means.
framforwardfram · adverbdepends on faröveroveröver · adverbpreposition marking somsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to kastarhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfickgotfå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadepåat oncepå · prepositionpreposition marking gångsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of gånggångmomentgång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kraftersådanasuchsån · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies krafterkrafterstrengthkraft · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of fickavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking förargelsenförargelsenthe indignationförargels · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies krafterattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of börjadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activeclause modifying krafterflygaflyflyga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadenästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies likalikaequallylika · adverbmodifies brabrawellbra · adverbmodifies flygasomthatsom · prepositionpreposition marking någonFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
någonanynågon · pronoun, common gender, singularcomplement of börjadeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking andradetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andraSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraothersannan · pronoun, pluralmodifies någon- 12
He likely could not have kept on that way for long, but there was no need to, for now the sun sank swiftly, and just at sunset the geese made straight down.
Längefor longLänge · adverbmodifies fortsättahadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fortsättahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fortsättanoglikelynog · adverbmodifies fortsättaintenotinte · particlemodifies fortsättakunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of fortsättafortsättato continuefortsätta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencepåthat waypå · prepositionpreposition marking visetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of visetvisetwayvis · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fortsättaIn the phrase på det viset ("in that way"); distinct from the homograph adjective vis ("wise").
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of passive behövdesbehövdeswas neededbehöv · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with fortsättaintenotinte · particlemodifies behövdeshellereitherheller · adverbmodifies behövdesdärförfordärför · adverbintroduces the clause of sjönkattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sjönknunownu · adverbmodifies sjönksjönksanksjönk · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fortsättasolensunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sjönkhastigtquicklyhastig · adverbmodifies sjönkochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjustjustjust · adverbmodifies solnedgångeniati · prepositionpreposition marking solnedgångensolnedgångensunsetsolnedgång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattesattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fortsättapast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
gässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sattegässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
avoffav · prepositionpreposition marking rätträttrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of satteneråtdownwardneråt · adverbmodifies satte And before the boy and the gander knew it, they stood on the shore of Lake Vomb.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of visstepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vissteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with pojkenmorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
vissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on stodoordetwordord · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of vissteavitav · prepositionmodifies ordetstodostoodstodo · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentenceHistorical past-plural form of stå (cf. voro, gingo); despite the 'present' tag this is past tense.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of stodopåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking strandenstrandenshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodoavofav · prepositionpreposition marking VombsjönVombsjönLake VombVombsjön · proper noun, nominativemodifies stranden- 13
»This must be where we're meant to stay for the night,» thought the boy, and sprang down from the gander's back.
Härherehär · adverbmodifies ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with ärvälmustväl · adverbmodifies äralltallall · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of meningenmeningenmeantmening · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stannaviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of stannaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of stannastannastaystanna · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying meningenöverforöver · prepositionpreposition marking nattennattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stannatänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to ärpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tänkteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsprangransprangma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tänkteLemma is corrupted; surfaces are only "sprang" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma.
nerdownner · adverbdepends on sprangfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking rygggåskarlensthe gander'sgåskarlens · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of ryggryggbackrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sprang - 14
He stood on a narrow sandy shore, and before him lay a fairly large lake.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sandstrandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sandstrandsmalnarrowsmal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sandstrandsandstrandsandy shoresandstrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sjötämligenfairlytämligen · adverbmodifies storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sjösjölakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låg It was ugly to look at, for it was almost entirely covered by a crust of ice, blackened and uneven and full of cracks and holes, as spring ice tends to be.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of styggvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to styggstygguglystygg · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on styggpåatpå · prepositiondepends on seförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of täcktdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of täcktvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to täcktnästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies täcktalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies täckttäcktcoveredtäcka · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on seavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking isskorpaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of isskorpaisskorpaice crustisskorpa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularagent of täcktsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of svartnadThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to svartnadsvartnadblackenedsvartnad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on isskorpaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationojämnunevenojämn · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with svartnadochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfullfullfull · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with svartnadavofav · prepositionpreposition marking sprickorsprickorcracksspricka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies fullochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhålholehål · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with sprickorsåsomassåsom · adverbintroduces the clause of brukardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with brukarbrukartends tobruka · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on täcktvarabevara · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of brukarmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vårisvårisspring icevåris · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of varaBut the ice likely did not have long left.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiseniceis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tidhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tidnoglikelynog · adverbmodifies tidintenotinte · particlemodifies tidlånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseigenagainigen · adverbmodifies tidIt had already broken loose from the shore and had around it a broad belt of black, glistening water.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of landlösvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to landlösredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies landlöslandlösdetached from shorelandlös · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with landlösruntaroundrunt · adverbmodifies hadeomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies ettsigitsig · pronoun, accusativepart of the phrase omkringettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of bältebrettbroadbred · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies bältebältebeltbälte · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking svartsvartblacksvar · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies bälteThe lemma should be svart ("black"); the parser mistagged the surface "svart" under the noun svar ("answer").
blanktsmooth and shinyblankt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies vattenvattenwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeStill it remained, and spread cold and wintry dreariness over the countryside.
Ännustill/yetännu · proper noun, nominativemodifies fannsActually the adverb 'ännu', mistagged as a proper noun.
fannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of fannsdockyet/stilldock · adverbmodifies fannskvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on fannsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationspredspreadspreda · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fannsköldcoldköld · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of spredochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvinterhemskhetwintry drearinessvinterhemskhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with köldöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking nejdennejdencountrysidenejd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vinterhemskhet- 15
On the other side of the lake there seemed to be open, bright farmland, but where the geese had come down lay a large stand of pine.
Påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sjönandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sjönsidansidesida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tycktestycktesseemedtycktes · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with tycktesfinnasto existfinnas · verb, infinitivecomplement of tycktesöppenopenöppen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bygdochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationljusbrightljus · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with öppenbygdsettlementbygd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tycktesmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärtheredär · adverbmodifies slagitgässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slagitgässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slagitslagitcome downslå · verb, active, supinecoordinated with tycktesnerdownner · adverbdepends on slagitlåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tycktesenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tallplanteringstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tallplanteringtallplanteringpine plantationtallplantering · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låg And it looked as though the conifer forest had the power to bind winter to itself.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
utlookut · adverbdepends on sågsomas thoughsom · pronounsubject of haThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of habarrskogenconifer forestbarrskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haskullehadskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sågmaktpowermakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bindainfinitive marker before a verb.
bindato bindbinda · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying maktvinternwintervinter · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of bindavidtovid · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of bindaEverywhere else the ground was bare, but beneath the twiggy branches lay snow that had thawed and frozen, thawed and frozen, until it was hard as ice.
ÖverallteverywhereÖverallt · adverbmodifies bareljestotherwiseeljest · adverbpart of the phrase Överalltvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to barmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of barbarcarriedba · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceTagged present tense, but every occurrence is the old preterite of bära ("carried"), not the present.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationunderbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking grenarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of grenarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
risigatwiggyrisig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies grenarnagrenarnathe branchesgrenarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with bardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lågsnösnowsnö · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lågsomthatsom · pronounsubject of smultitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of smultitsmultitthawedsmulta · verb, active, supinerelative clause on snöochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfrusitfrozenfrusit · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with smultitsmultitthawedsmultit · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with snöochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfrusitfrozenfrusit · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with snösåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of hårdattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sådenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of hårdvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to hårdhårdhardhård · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on lågsomthatsom · prepositionpreposition marking isFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
isiceis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hård- 16
The boy felt that he had come to a wilderness and a land of winter, and he felt so anxious that he could have screamed aloud.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineclausal complement of tycktetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking vildmarks-ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of vildmarks-vildmarks-wildernessvildmarks · noun, common genderoblique complement of kommitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvinterlandwinter landvinterland · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with vildmarks-ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändekändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kommitsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kändesåsoså · adverbmodifies ängsligängsliganxiousängslig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on kändeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of velathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of velathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of velatvelatwantedvela · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on kändelemma should be vilja 'to want'; velat is its supine form.
storskrikascream aloudstorskrik · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of velat - 17
He was hungry.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hungrigvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to hungrighungrighungryhungrig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrase He had eaten nothing all day.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ätitingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ätitätiteatenäta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencepåall daypå · prepositionpreposition marking dagenhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ätitBut where was he to get food from?
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies taskullewas toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencematfoodmat · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of taifrånfromifrån · prepositionpreposition marking taNothing edible grows on the ground or on trees in the month of March.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with växerväxergrowsväxa · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies ätbartätbartedibleätbar · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of växervarkenneithervarken · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking markmarkgroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of växerelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationträdtreesträd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with markiini · prepositionpreposition marking marsmarsMarchmars · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies trädmånadmonthmånad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with mark- 18
Yes, where was he to get food from, and who would give him shelter, and who would make up his bed, and who would warm him at their fire, and who would protect him from the wild beasts?
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on fåvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies fåskullewas toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåfågetfå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencematfoodmat · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåifrånfromifrån · prepositionpreposition marking eldochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of geskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gegeto givege · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with fåhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of gehusrumlodginghusrum · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of geochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of bäddaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bäddabäddamake the bedbädda · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with fåhanshishan · pronounpossessor of sängsängbedsäng · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of bäddaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of värmaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of värmavärmato warmvärma · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with bäddahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of värmavidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking eldsintheirsig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of eldeldfireeld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of värmaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of skyddaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skyddaskyddaprotectskydda · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with värmahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of skyddaförfromför · prepositionpreposition marking vilddjurenvilddjurenwild beastsvilddjur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skydda - 19
For now the sun was gone, and now cold came off the lake, and darkness sank down from the sky, and dread crept forward in the tracks of dusk, and in the forest a padding and rustling began.
Förforför · conjunctionpreposition marking varnunownu · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeoblique complement of börjadesolensunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varbortagoneborta · adverbmodifies varochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with komköldcoldköld · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of komfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies köldochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmörkerdarknessmörker · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with ,sjönksanksjönk · verb, active, supinecoordinated with komnerdownner · adverbmodifies sjönkfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking himmelenhimmelenskyhimmel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sjönkochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfasadreadfasa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with komsmögcreptsmög · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of fasaframforwardfram · adverbdepends on smögiini · prepositionpreposition marking spårskymningensdusk'sskymning · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of spårspårtrack/tracespår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of framochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiini · prepositionpreposition marking skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of börjadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tassatassato pad abouttassa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on börjadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationprasslarustleprassla · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with tassa - 20
Now the cheerful spirit the boy had felt while up in the air was gone, and in his anxiety he looked around for his traveling companions.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varförbipastförbi · adverbdepends on varmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking modetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of modetgladagladglad · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies modetmodetcouragemod · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of varsomthatsom · pronounsubject of käntThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of käntkäntfeltkänd · verb, active, supinerelative clause on modetmedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on såguppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies variini · prepositionpreposition marking luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uppeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiini · prepositionmodifies sågsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iängslananxietyängslan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase isågsawsåga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to varMislemmatized: surface is 'såg', the past tense of se ('to see'/'looked'), in both examples ('såg han sig om' = 'looked around'), not a form of såga ('to saw'). Gloss corrected to 'saw' (as in 'he saw/looked').
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sågomaroundom · prepositionmodifies sågefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking reskamraternareskamraternatraveling companionsreskamrat · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of såg He had no one else, after all, to turn to.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejuafter allju · adverbmodifies hadeingano/noneingen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andraandraothersannan · pronoun, pluraldirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hållainfinitive marker before a verb.
hållato turn tohålla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of hållatilltotill · prepositiondepends on hålla- 21
Then he saw that the gander was even worse off than he was himself.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies seficksawfå · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of seseseese · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadegåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of sedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeännuevenännu · adverbmodifies sämresämreworse offdålig · adverbmodifies hadeänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hanhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadesjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying han He lay still in the same spot where he had come down, and it looked as though he were dying.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on lågpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking ställesammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of ställeställeplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of lågdärtheredär · adverbmodifies slagithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slagithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slagitslagitcome downslå · verb, active, supinerelative clause on ställenerdownner · adverbdepends on slagitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågpast tense of se, 'to see.'
utlookut · adverbdepends on sågsomas thoughsom · pronounsubject of höllThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of höllhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllhöllwashålla · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on lågpådyingpå · prepositiondepends on höllatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of döinfinitive marker before a verb.
döto diedö · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on höllHis neck lay slack along the ground, his eyes were closed, and his breath came only as a faint hissing.
Halsenthe neckHalsen · proper noun, nominativesubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceslakslackslak · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of lågutefteralongutefter · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with markenvorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralpreposition marking slutnaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
slutnaclosedsluten · adjective, nominative, pluraloblique complement of lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationandedräktenthe breathandedräkt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågbarajustbara · adverbmodifies komsomassom · prepositionintroduces the clause of väsandeFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of väsandesvagtfaintsvag · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies väsandeväsandea hissingväsande · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of kom- 22
»Dear Morten Goosey-Gander,» said the boy, »try to get yourself a sip of water!
Käradearkära · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceArchaic vocative imperative of kära, used as an endearment ("dear ___") when addressing someone.
MårtenMortenMårten · proper noun, nominativesubject of Kärathe studio translation renders this name as 'Morten'.
gåskarlgandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Kärasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Kärapojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeförsöktryförsök · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralin apposition to sadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fågetfå · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying försökdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of fåenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of klunkklunksipklunk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vattenvattenwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of få It's no more than a couple of steps to the lake.»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of stegärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to stegintenotinte · particlemodifies stegtvåtwotvå · numeral, nominativequantifies stegstegstepssteg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralhead of the phrasetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of steg- 23
But the gander made not a move.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of gjordemorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
gjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies gjordeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rörelserörelsemovementrörelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gjorde - 24
The boy had indeed been hard on all animals, and on the gander too, in his former life, but now it seemed to him that the gander was the only support he had, and he grew terribly afraid of losing him.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hårdhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hårdnogindeednog · adverbmodifies hårdvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to hårdhårdhardhård · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasemotonmot · prepositionpreposition marking djurallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of djurdjuranimalsdjur · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of hårdochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmotonmot · prepositionpreposition marking gåskarlengåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with djurmorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
ocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies förrförrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies hårdiini · prepositionpreposition marking världenvärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förrmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hårdhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stödgåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of stödmorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to stöddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of stödendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativemodifies stödstödsupportstöd · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on tycktehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on stödochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hårdfasligtdreadfullyfaslig · adverbmodifies räddräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevförofför · prepositionintroduces the clause of mistaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of mistainfinitive marker before a verb.
mistato losemista · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on blevhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of mista He at once began to nudge and push him to get him down to the water.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies börjadeknuffato pushknuffa · verb, active, infinitivedirect object of börjadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskjutapushskjuta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with börjadepåpushpå · prepositiondepends on skjutahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of skjutaförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of fåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fågetfå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skjutahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of fånerdownner · adverbmodifies fåtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking vattnetvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of nerThe gander was big and heavy, so it was quite a task for the boy, but in the end he managed it.
Gåskarlenthe ganderGåskarlen · proper noun, nominativesubject of storvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtungheavytung · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with storsåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of blevattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sådetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on storettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of arbetedrygtconsiderabledryg · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies arbete'ett drygt arbete' = a considerable, hard task.
arbeteworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of blevförforför · prepositionpreposition marking pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blevmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtillin the endtill · prepositionmodifies lyckadessistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase tilllyckadesmanagedlyckades · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with storhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lyckades- 25
The gander went into the lake head first.
Gåskarlenthe ganderGåskarlen · proper noun, nominativesubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenerdownner · adverbdepends on komiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking huvudethuvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of komförebeforeföre · prepositiondepends on kom For a moment he lay still in the mud, but soon he stuck up his head, shook the water out of his eyes, and snorted.
Ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ögonblickögonblickmomentögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasemistagged as adjective; the surface 'låg' here is the past tense of ligga 'to lie', not the unrelated adjective låg 'low'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lågstillastillstilla · adverbmodifies lågiini · prepositionpreposition marking dyndynmuddyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stillamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies stackstackstuckstack · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with lågThis is actually the past tense of the verb stinga 'to stick/poke', mistagged as a noun.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on stackuppupupp · adverbdepends on stackhuvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of stackskakadeshookskaka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of skakadeurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking ögonenögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of skakadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfnystesnortedfnyste · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with skakadeThen he swam proudly in among the reeds and the cattails.
Därpåthen/thereuponDärpå · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of hanActually the adverb 'därpå', mistagged as a pronoun.
samswamsam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hanPast tense of 'simma' (to swim), mistagged as an adjective.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stoltstoltproudstolt · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseininin · adverbdepends on stoltmellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking vassvasssharpvass · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stoltochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkavelduncattailskaveldun · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with vass- 26
The wild geese were already lying in the lake before him.
Vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässen · proper noun, nominativepossessor of lågolågolaylågo · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasemistagged as a noun; this is the archaic plural past tense of ligga 'to lie' (they lay).
iini · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lågoförebeforeföre · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågo They had not looked around either for the gander or for the goose-rider, but had rushed straight down into the water.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settintenotinte · particlemodifies settsettseense · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of settomaroundom · prepositionpreposition marking gåskarlenvarkenneithervarken · conjunctionlinks the coordinationefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking gåskarlengåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of settmorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
elleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgåsryttarenthe goose-ridergåsryttar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with gåskarlenutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
genastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies rusatrusatrushedrusa · verb, active, supinecoordinated with settnerdownner · adverbdepends on rusatiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking vattnetvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of rusatThey had bathed and preened themselves, and now they lay slurping up half-rotten pondweed and bogbean.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of badathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of badatbadatbathedbadaa · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationputsatpreenedputsa · verb, active, supinecoordinated with badatsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of putsatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies lågolågolaylågo · adjective, nominative, comparativecoordinated with badatArchaic plural past tense of ligga ("to lie"), not an adjective; the parser mistagged it.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of lågoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsörpladeslurped upsörpla · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with deiupi · prepositionpreposition marking natesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativepart of the phrase ihalvruttenhalf-rottenhalvrutt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase inatepondweednate · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvattenklöverbogbeanvattenklöver · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with nate- 27
The white gander had the good fortune to catch sight of a little perch.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåskarlenvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gåskarlengåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of hademorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lyckanlyckangood fortunelycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fåcatch sight offå · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying lyckansynsightsyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking abborreenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of abborrelitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies abborreabborrea perchabborre · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of få He snapped it up quickly, swam in to the shore with it, and laid it before the boy.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of grepgrepgripped/seizedgrepa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast tense (grep) of gripa, an older strong-verb spelling.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of greprasktbrisklyrask · adverbmodifies grepsamswamsam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies grepPast tense of 'simma' (to swim), mistagged as an adjective.
intillnext tointill · prepositionpreposition marking strandenstrandenshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sammedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of samochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationladelaidla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with grep"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
denitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of ladeframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lade»Here, you shall have this, as thanks for helping me down into the water,» he said.
Härherehär · adverbmodifies fåskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåfåhavefå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencetillastill · prepositionintroduces the clause of hjälptetackthankstack · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase tillförforför · prepositionpart of the phrase tillattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hjälpteduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hjälptehjälptehelpedhjälpa · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fåmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälptenerdownner · adverbmodifies hjälpteiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking vattnetvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hjälptesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fåhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade- 28
It was the first time that whole day the boy had heard a kind word.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gångenvarwasvara · determiner, common gender, singularcopula linking to gångenmistagged as a determiner; the surface 'var' here is the past tense of vara 'to be'.
förstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies gångensurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
gångentimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasepåall daypå · prepositionpreposition marking dagenhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies dagendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gångensomthatsom · subordinating conjunctionmodifies hördepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on dagenettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ordvänligtfriendlyvänlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ordordwordord · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hörde He grew so glad that he could have thrown his arms around the gander's neck, but he could not bring himself to do it.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies gladgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of velathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of velathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of velatvelatwantedvela · verb, active, supineclausal complement of blevlemma should be vilja 'to want'; velat is its supine form.
slåthrowslå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of velatarmarnathe armsarmarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of slåomaroundom · prepositionpreposition marking halsenhalsenneckhalse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slåpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking gåskarlengåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies halsenmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blevhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of komintenotinte · particlemodifies komförbring himselfför · prepositiondepends on kommedwithmed · prepositiondepends on komAnd he was glad of the gift too.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationåtofåt · prepositionpreposition marking gåvangåvangiftgåva · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies blevgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevAt first he thought it would surely be impossible to eat raw fish, but then he found himself wanting to try after all.
Förstfirstförst · adverbmodifies tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktenogsurelynog · adverbmodifies tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of omöjligtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with omöjligtskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of omöjligtvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to omöjligtomöjligtimpossibleomöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of tyckteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ätainfinitive marker before a verb.
ätaeatäta · verb, active, infinitivedepends on omöjligtrårawrå · verb, active, infinitivemodifies fiskfiskfishfisk · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ätamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies fickfickfeltfå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tycktehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickändåafter alländå · adverbmodifies ficklustdesirelust · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of försökainfinitive marker before a verb.
försökato tryförsöka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fick- 29
He felt to see whether he had brought his sheath-knife along, and as luck would have it, it still hung there at the back of his trouser button, though it had shrunk so much that it was no longer as long as a matchstick.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändekändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceeftercheckefter · prepositiondepends on kändeomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåtthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttfåttbroughtfå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on kändeslidkniventhe sheath-knifeslidkniv · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåttmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of slidknivenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsomassom · pronounintroduces the clause of varThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
välfortunatelyväl · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularcoordinated with kändethe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
hängdehunghängde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kändedeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of hängdekvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on hängdebakat the backbak · adverbmodifies hängdeUsually the adverb 'at the back', but in ch42-p19 'ha bak för sig' means 'to be baking'.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking byxknappenbyxknappenthe trouser buttonbyxknapp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hängdefastthoughfast · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on hängdeHere used as the concessive conjunction 'though', not the adjective 'firm'.
denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of passive förminskadvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to förminskadsåsoså · adverbmodifies förminskadförminskadshrunkförminska · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on hängdeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of långdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of långintenotinte · particlemodifies långvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to långsåasså · adverbmodifies långlånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on förminskadsomfortunatelysom · prepositionintroduces the clause of tändstickaFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tändstickatändstickamatchsticktändsticka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of lång Well, it served well enough to scale and clean the fish with, and it was not long before the perch was eaten up.
Nåwellnå · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseInterjection 'well/now then', mistagged as a noun.
denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dugdedugdeserveddugd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularparallel clause to Nåiat leasti · prepositionpreposition marking fallallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fallfallcasesfall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies dugdetilltotill · prepositionintroduces the clause of fjällaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fjällainfinitive marker before a verb.
fjällato scalefjälla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on dugdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrensacleanrensa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with fjällafiskenfishfisk · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fjällamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking fjällaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of dröjdedröjdewas long in comingdröj · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with NåIdiomatic: "det dröjde inte länge" = "it was not long before."
intenotinte · particlemodifies dröjdelängelonglänge · adverbmodifies dröjdeinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of uppätenabborrenthe perchabborr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of uppätenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to uppätenuppäteneaten upuppät · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on dröjde- 30
Once the boy was full, he felt rather ashamed that he had been able to eat something raw.
Dåoncedå · adverbmodifies mättpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of mättvälonceväl · adverbmodifies mättvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to mättmättfullmätt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on kände'äta sig mätt' = eat one's fill.
kändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of kändealltallall · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies skamsenskamsenashamedskams · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändeAdjective 'skamsen' (ashamed); mistagged as a noun by the parser.
överthatöver · prepositionintroduces the clause of ätaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ätahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ätahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ätakunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of ätaätaeatäta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kändenågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies råttråttrawrå · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of äta »It shows that I am no longer a human being, but a real gnome,» he thought.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of synssynsit showssynas · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of merjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of merintenotinte · particlemodifies merärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to merenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of människamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies mermerlongermycket · adverbclausal complement of synsutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tomteriktigrealriktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tomtetomtetomtetomte · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with synsA tomte is a Swedish household guardian spirit or gnome; the studio translation renders it as 'tomte' or 'gnome'.
tänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tomtehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkte- 31
The whole time the boy was eating, the gander stood silently beside him, but when he had swallowed the last bite, he said in a low voice: »The truth is, we've fallen in with a proud lot of geese who despise all tame fowl.»
Helawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sadesomwhilesom · subordinating conjunctiondirect object of åtpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of åtåtwas eatingåt · adverbrelative clause on tidenMostly the adverb åt with the senses listed, but example ch02-p31-s1 ('Hela tiden, som pojken åt...') is not this adverb at all — it is åt as the past tense of äta ('ate'). The gloss's senses list must cover this example or a downstream consumer will render 'ate' as a directional adverb.
stodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tidengåskarlenthe gandergåskarlen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of stodtystquiettyst · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of stodbredvidbesidebredvid · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sväljtsväljtswallowedsvälj · verb, active, supinecoordinated with tidensistalastsista · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies bitenbitenbitebit · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sväljtsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking röstlåglowlåg · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies röströstvoiceröst · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sadeDetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with såärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to såsåsoså · adverbhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of råkatviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of råkatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkatråkatfallen in withråka · verb, active, supineclausal complement of såutfall in withut · adverbdepends on råkatförfallen in withför · prepositionpreposition marking gåsfolkettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of gåsfolkmorsktproudmorsk · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies gåsfolkgåsfolklot of geesegåsfolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of råkatsomwhosom · pronounsubject of föraktarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
föraktardespiseföraktar · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on gåsfolkallallall · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tamfågeltamfågeltame fowltamfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of föraktar — »Yes, I've certainly noticed that,» said the boy.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on märktjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märktharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of märktnogcertainlynog · adverbmodifies märktmärktnoticedmärka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of märktsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to märktpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade— »It would be a great honor for me if I could go with them all the way up to Lapland and show them that a tame goose can amount to something too.»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of hedersamtskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hedersamtallteverythingall · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies hedersamtvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to hedersamtmycketgreatmycket · adverbmodifies hedersamthedersamthonorablehedersam · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseförforför · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hedersamtomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of följajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of följakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of följaföljato followfölja · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on dugamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of följaändaall the wayända · adverbmodifies oppoppupopp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on demDialectal form of upp ("up"), mistagged as a noun by the parser.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking LapplandLapplandLaplandLappland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of oppochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvisato showvisa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with oppdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of visaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tamgåsocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies enenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tamgåstamgåstame goosetamgås · adverbclausal complement of följakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of dugadugato be fit forduga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hedersamttilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking någotnågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of duga— »Yeah,» said the boy, drawing the word out, for he did not believe the gander could pull this off, but he did not want to contradict him.
JaayeahJaa · proper noun, nominativedepends on sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdrogdrewdrog · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadepåoutpå · prepositiondepends on drogdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of drogförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of troddehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of troddetroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sadeintenotinte · particlemodifies troddeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gågåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of gåmorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
kundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of sadeipull offi · prepositiondepends on gålandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase imedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of gåmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägaintenotinte · particlemodifies sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gåemotcontradictemot · prepositiondepends on sägahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of säga— »But I don't think I can manage such a journey on my own,» said the gander, »so I want to ask whether you couldn't come along and help me.»
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies trorattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kanjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kankancankunna · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of trorredamanagereda · verb, active, infinitivedepends on kanReflexive 'reda sig' = manage, get by.
migmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of redaensamaloneensam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying migpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking resaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of resasådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies resasån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
resajourneyresa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kansadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kangåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sademorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
utanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågavillwantsvilja · verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of frågafrågaquestionfråga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sadeomwhetherom · prepositionintroduces the clause of följaintenotinte · particlemodifies följaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of följakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of följaföljato followfölja · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on frågamedwithmed · prepositiondepends on följaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with följamigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälpa- 32
The boy had, of course, thought of nothing but turning back home as soon as possible, and he was so astonished that he did not know what to answer.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänktförståsof courseförstås · adverbmodifies tänktintenotinte · particlemodifies tänkttänktthoughttänka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of tänktannatanything elseannan · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of tänktänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vändaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vändainfinitive marker before a verb.
vändato turnvända · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tänktombackom · prepositionpreposition marking hemhemhomehem · adverbmodifies vändasåasså · adverbmodifies snartsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies vändasomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of möjligtmöjligtpossiblemöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on vändahalf the examples (ch01-p27, ch04-p30) use the fixed idiom 'allt möjligt' = 'all sorts of/everything', not the literal 'possible' sense used in the other two.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tänktsåsoså · adverbmodifies förvånadförvånadastonishedförvånad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of visstehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vissteintenotinte · particlemodifies visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of blevvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of svarahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svaraskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of svarasvarato answersvara · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of visste »I thought we were enemies, you and I,» he said.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of troddetroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ovännerviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of ovännervarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ovännerovännerenemiesovänn · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralclausal complement of troddeduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ovännerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with dusadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ovännerhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeBut the gander seemed to have entirely forgotten that.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with tycktestycktesseemedtycktes · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentencegåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of tycktesmorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
alldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies glömthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of glömtglömtforgottenglömma · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on tycktesHe remembered only that the boy had just now saved his life.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebarajustbara · adverbmodifies komihågto mind (remember)ihåg · adverbdepends on komonly occurs in the fixed phrase komma ihåg 'to remember'.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of räddatpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räddatjustjustjust · adverbmodifies nyssnyssjust nownyss · adverbmodifies räddathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of räddaträddatsavedrädda · verb, active, supineclausal complement of komlivetlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of räddatpåhispå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies livet- 33
»I really ought to go home to father and mother,» said the boy.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of farskulleought toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of farvälreallyväl · adverbmodifies skullealltallall · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies farhemhomehem · adverbpart of the phrase allttilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking farfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with farsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to farpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade — »Yes, I'll certainly bring you back to them come autumn,» said the gander.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on föranogcertainlynog · adverbmodifies föraskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of förajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of föraförabringföra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of föratillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies föratilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of tillbakaframpåcomeframpå · adverbmodifies förahöstenautumnhöst · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of frampåsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to föragåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sademorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
»I won't leave you until I can set you down on the doorstep back home.»
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lämnaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lämnaintenotinte · particlemodifies lämnalämnaleavelämna · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of lämnaförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies sättaused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sättakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sättasättato set/putsätta · verb, active, infinitivein apposition to lämnanerdownner · adverbdepends on sättadigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sättapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking dörrtröskelndörrtröskelnthe doorstepdörrtröskel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sättadärhemmaback homedärhemma · conjunctionmodifies sättaBackbone mistags this as a conjunction; it is the adverb 'at home/back home'.
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The boy thought it might be rather good to avoid showing his face to his parents for a while yet.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of rättdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of rättkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of rättvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to rätträttratherrätt · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of tänktesåratherså · adverbmodifies brabragoodbra · adjective, nominativemodifies rättatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of slippainfinitive marker before a verb.
slippabe spared/avoidslippa · verb, active, infinitivedepends on rättvisato showvisa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of slippasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of visaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking föräldrarnaföräldrarnaparentsförälder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of visaänthanän · subordinating conjunctiondepends on föräldrarnapåfor a whilepå · prepositionpreposition marking tidenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of visa He was not disinclined to the proposal, and he was just about to say he'd agree to it, when they heard a loud roaring behind them.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ohågadvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ohågadintenotinte · particlemodifies ohågadohågaddisinclinedohågad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking förslagetförslagetproposalförslag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ohågadochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägaskullewas about toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägajustjustjust · adverbmodifies sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with ohågadattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gickhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ohågadininin · adverbdepends on gickpåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of gickdåwhendå · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hördedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gickettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of dånandestarktloudstark · adverbmodifies dånandeAdverbial form 'starkt' modifying nouns like a predicate adjective in these examples, sense shifts between 'loud' and 'strong/solid'.
dånanderoaringdåna · adjective, nominativedirect object of hördePresent participle of 'dåna' (to thunder/boom) used adjectivally.
bakombehindbakom · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigthemsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of hördeIt was the wild geese, who had come up out of the lake, all at once, and stood shaking the water off themselves.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of vildgässenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of kommitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinedepends on vildgässenuppupupp · adverbdepends on kommiturout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommitallaallall · pronoun, pluraladverbial clause on kommitpåat oncepå · prepositionpreposition marking gångenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of allaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstodostoodstodo · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with vildgässenPast plural of stå ('to stand'); tagged as adjective.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskakadeshookskaka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodoavoffav · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeagent of skakadevattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of skakadeThen they formed themselves into a long row with the lead goose at the point, and came forward to them.
Därpåthen/after thatdärpå · adverbsubject of ordnadeordnadearrangedordna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ordnadesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ordnadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking radenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of radlånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies radradrowrad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ordnademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking förargåsenförargåsenlead gooseförargås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies radiati · prepositionpreposition marking spetsenspetsenfront/headspetse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ordnadei spetsen = 'at the head/front' (of a line).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with ordnadekommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
framforwardfram · adverbdepends on kommotilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of kommo- 35
As the white gander now looked the wild geese over, he did not feel altogether at ease.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vildgässendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåskarlenvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gåskarlengåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies vildgässenmorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
nunownu · adverbmodifies betraktadebetraktadelooked atbetrakta · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies vildgässenActually the past tense of the verb betrakta "to look at", mislabeled as an adjective.
vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on kändeattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
kändefeltkändäge · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceSurface 'kände' is past tense of 'känna' (to feel); the lemma 'kändäge' is a parser artifact.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kändeintenotinte · particlemodifies känderättaltogetherrätt · adverbmodifies välvälat easeväl · adverbmodifies kändetillat easetill · prepositionpreposition marking modsmodsat easemods · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kändeUsed in the fixed expression till mods, describing one's state of mind.
He had expected them to be more like tame geese, and that he would feel more kinship with them.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väntathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of väntatväntatexpectedväntaa · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceSupine of 'vänta': 'väntat' = 'expected' in most tokens but 'väntat på svar' = 'had been waiting for an answer' — genuinely polysemous (expect vs. wait).
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tamgässdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of tamgässskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tamgässvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to tamgässmermoremycket · adverbmodifies tamgässlikaequallylika · adverbmodifies tamgässtamgässtame geesetamgäss · noun, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of väntatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kännahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kännaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kännakännato feelkänna · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with väntatmermoremycket · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies släktskapsläktskapkinshipsläktskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kännamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of kännaThey were much smaller than he was, and not one of them was white, but all were gray with a mottling of brown.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of voroSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
mycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies mindremindresmallerlite · adverbmodifies voroSurface 'mindre' is the shared comparative of both 'lite' (less) and 'liten' (small); in ch. examples it renders as predicate-adjective 'smaller' (mycket mindre än han, mindre höga) as often as adverbial 'less' (nöjde sig inte med mindre).
änthanän · prepositionpreposition marking hanhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on voroochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of vitavofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies ingenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to vitvitwhitevit · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with voroutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of voroSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralpart of the phrase utanarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
allaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of gråagråagraygrå · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on voromedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vattringvattringmottlingvattring · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies voroiofi · prepositionpreposition marking bruntbruntbrownbrunt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with vitAnd he grew almost afraid of their eyes.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationderastheirde · pronounpossessor of ögonpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
ögoneyesögon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevnästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies räddräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevförofför · prepositionpreposition marking blevThey were yellow and gleamed as though a fire had been burning behind them.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of gulaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gulaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
gulayellowgul · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlystegleamedlyst · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gulasomas thoughsom · pronounintroduces the clause of brunnitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of brunnitdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with brunnithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of brunnitbrunnitburnedbrunnit · verb, active, supinerelative clause on gulaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of eldeldfireeld · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of brunnitbakombehindbakom · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of brunnitThe gander had always been taught that it was most proper to walk slowly and waddling, but these did not walk — they half ran.
Gåskarlenthe ganderGåskarlen · proper noun, nominativesubject of lärahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of läraalltidalwaysalltid · adverbmodifies lärafåttbeen taughtfå · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of lära"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
lärataughtlära · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of läraattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of passandedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with passandevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to passandemestmostmycket · adverbpart of the phrase varpassandesuitablepassande · adjective, nominativeclausal complement of läraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gåinfinitive marker before a verb.
gågogå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on passandesaktaslowlysakta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of gåsakta doubles as the adverb 'slowly' (flög sakta) and the verb 'to slacken' (sakta farten).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrultandewaddlingrultande · adjective, nominativecoordinated with saktamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdessathesedenna · determiner, pluraldeterminer of gingogingowentgingo · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with gåPast plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective.
intenotinte · particlemodifies halvsprungoutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of halvsprungoSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
halvsprungohalf ranhalvsprungo · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on gingoHalvsprungo contains the historical plural past form sprungo.
But he grew most anxious when he looked at their feet.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmestmostmycket · adverbmodifies ängsligängsliganxiousängslig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of såghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blevpast tense of se, 'to see.'
påatpå · prepositionpreposition marking fötterderastheirde · pronounpossessor of fötterpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
fötterfeetfött · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sågSurface 'fötter/fötterna' (feet) of 'fot'; lemma is a spelling artifact.
They were large, with worn and tattered soles.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of voroSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on storaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
storabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sulorslitnawornslitna · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sulorochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsöndertrasadetatteredsöndertrasad · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with slitnasulorsolessula · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of storaIt was plain that the wild geese never cared what they trod on.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with märktesmärkteswas evidentmärktes · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of frågadevildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågadeattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
aldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies frågadefrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on märktesefteraboutefter · prepositionpreposition marking vadvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of trampadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of trampadetrampadetrodtrampa · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on frågadepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking trampadeThey took no detours.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of omvägarSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
togotooktogo · adverbmodifies omvägarHistorical plural past form of ta, ‘take’.
ingano/noneingen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of omvägaromvägardetoursomväg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraseThey were otherwise very neat and well-groomed, but by their feet one could see that they were poor folk of the wilderness.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of prydligaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralpart of the phrase Dearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
mycketverymycket · adverbmodifies prydligaprydliganeatprydlig · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvälwellväl · adverbmodifies putsadeputsadewell-groomedputsa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with prydligaannarsotherwiseannars · adverbmodifies putsademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpåbypå · prepositionpreposition marking fötternafötternafeetföttere · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with prydligamanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vildmarksfolkdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of vildmarksfolkvorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vildmarksfolkarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
fattigtpoorfattig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies vildmarksfolkvildmarksfolkwilderness folkvildmarksfolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of såg- 36
The gander had time only to whisper to the boy: »Answer quickly for yourself now, but don't tell them who you are!»
Gåskarlenthe ganderGåskarlen · proper noun, nominativesubject of hannhannhad time tohann · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceFrom hinna, 'to have time' for something before it's too late.
intenotinte · particlemodifies hannmeronlymycket · adverbmodifies hannänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of viskaviskawhispervisk · adjective, nominative, singularadverbial clause on hanntilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of viskaSvaraanswersvara · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies Svararasktbrisklyrask · adverbmodifies Svaraförforför · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Svaramenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with Svaraintenotinte · particlemodifies talaomtellom · prepositionintroduces the clause of ärvemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of ärduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tala Then they were upon them.
såthenså · adverbmodifies frammevorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, singularpart of the phrase såPast plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective.
detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of frammeSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
frammethereframme · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrase- 37
When the wild geese had stopped in front of them, they bowed with their necks many times, and the gander did the same, even more times than they did.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stannatvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stannatattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of stannatstannatstayedstanna · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of stannatnegobowednego · adverbcoordinated with demdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of negomedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking halsarnahalsarnaneckhals · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies negomångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralin apposition to demochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of gjordemorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
gjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stannatsåthe sameså · adverbmodifies gjordemedwithmed · prepositiondepends on gjordeännuevenännu · adverbmodifies flerafleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gjordeänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralclause modifying gånger As soon as there had been greeting enough, the lead goose said: »Now we should hear what sort you are.»
Såasså · adverbmodifies hälsatsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies Såsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hälsatdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of hälsatvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to hälsatnogenoughnog · adverbmodifies hälsathälsatgreetedhälsa · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to hälsatförargåsenlead gooseförargåse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeNunownu · adverbmodifies höraskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of höraviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of höravälthenväl · adverbmodifies hörahörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of ärniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
ärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of höraförsort offör · prepositionmodifies enaenasortena · adjective, nominativemodifies är- 38
»There's not much to say about me,» said the gander.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with mycketärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to mycketintenotinte · particlemodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sägainfinitive marker before a verb.
sägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivedepends on mycketomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sägasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to mycketgåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sademorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
»I was born in Skanör last spring.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of föddärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to föddföddbornfödd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseiini · prepositionpreposition marking SkanörSkanörSkanörSkanör · proper noun, genitiveoblique complement of föddförrapreviousförra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies vårenvårenspringvår · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of föddLast autumn I was sold to Holger Nilsson in Västra Vemmenhög, and there I've been ever since.»
Ilast autumni · prepositionmodifies blevhöstaslast autumnhöstas · nounpart of the phrase Iblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevsåldsoldsåld · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking HolgerHolgerHolgerHolger · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of blevGiven name, father Holger Nilsson.
NilssonNilssonNilsson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Holgersurname, as in Holger Nilsson, Nils's father.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking VemmenhögVästrawesternVästra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies Vemmenhögused only as part of the place name Västra Vemmenhög.
VemmenhögVemmenhögVemmenhög · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärtheredär · adverbmodifies varitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supinecoordinated with blevalltsedanever sincealltsedan · adverbmodifies varit— »You don't seem to have any lineage to boast of,» said the lead goose.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckstycksseemstyckas · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tycksnågonanynågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ättättlineageätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of berömmainfinitive marker before a verb.
berömmato boast ofberömma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hadigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of berömmaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking berömmasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tycksförargåsenlead gooseförargås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade»What is it, then, that makes you so high-minded that you want to keep company with wild geese?»
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phraseärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to Vaddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with Vaddåthendå · adverbmodifies Vadsomthatsom · pronounsubject of görThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
gördoesgöra · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on Vaddigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of görsåsoså · adverbmodifies stormodigstormodigproudstormodig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of görattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varavarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivedepends on Vadikeep companyi · prepositionpreposition marking laglagcompanylag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of varaIn the idiom 'ge sig i lag med' (to keep company with).
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässvildgässwild geesevildgäss · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies lag— »It might well be because I want to show you wild geese that we tame ones are good for something too,» said the gander.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with därförkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of därförjumay wellju · adverbmodifies därförvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to därfördärförbecausedärför · adverbhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of visajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of visavisato showvisa · verb, active, infinitivedepends on därföreryouni · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of vildgässvildgässwild geesevildgäss · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of visaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dugerocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies dugerviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of dugertamatametama · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vidugeris any goodduga · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of visanågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of dugertillfortill · prepositiondepends on dugersadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to därförgåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sademorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
— »Yes, it would be a fine thing if you could show us that,» said the lead goose.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on gottdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gottvorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to gottgottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of visaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of visavisato showvisa · verb, active, infinitivedepends on gottossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluralindirect object of visadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of visasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to gottförargåsenlead gooseförargås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade»We've already seen how skilled you are at flying, but perhaps you're more capable at some other pursuit.
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of harharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies settredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies settsettseense · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on harhurhowhur · adverbmodifies kunnigpasshowpass · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies kunnigfunctions as a degree particle here, not the noun 'pass'.
kunnigskilledkunnig · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of settduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kunnigiati · prepositionintroduces the clause of flygaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of flygainfinitive marker before a verb.
flygaflyflyga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kunnigmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dugligareärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to dugligarekanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies dugligaredugligaremore capableduglig · adjective, nominative, comparativecoordinated with settiati · prepositionpreposition marking idrottannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies idrottidrottsportidrott · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of dugligareIt may be that you're strong at long-distance swimming.»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of händakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of händajumay wellju · adverbmodifies händahändato happenhända · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of starkduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of starkärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to starkstarkstrongstark · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on händaiati · prepositionpreposition marking sträcksimmaatttoatt · particlepart of the phrase iinfinitive marker before a verb.
sträcksimmaswim long distancessträcksimma · verb, active, infinitiveoblique complement of stark— »No, that's not something I can boast of,» said the gander.
Nejnonej · interjectionhead of the phrasedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on berömmakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of berömmajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of berömmaintenotinte · particlemodifies berömmaberömmato boast ofberömma · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to Nejmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of berömmaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking berömmasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Nejgåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sademorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
He thought he noticed that the lead goose had already made up her mind to send him home, and he no longer cared how he answered.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tycktemärkato noticemärka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bestämtförargåsenlead gooseförargås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bestämtredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies bestämthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bestämtbestämtmade up her mindbestämma · verb, active, supineclausal complement of tycktesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bestämtförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of sändaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sändainfinitive marker before a verb.
sändato sendsända · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on bestämthemhomehem · adverbdepends on sändahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sändaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bryddebryddecaredbrydde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with bestämtOccurs mainly in the reflexive idiom 'brydde sig om' meaning 'cared about/bothered'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bryddeintenotinte · particlemodifies bryddeomaboutom · prepositionintroduces the clause of svaradehurhowhur · adverbmodifies svaradehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svaradesvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on brydde»I've never swum farther than straight across a marl-pit,» he went on.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of summitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of summitaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies summitsummitswumsummi · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencelängrefartherlänge · adverbmodifies summitänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tvärsövertvärsöverstraight acrosstvärsöv · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of summitLemma is corrupted; the word is the adverb tvärsöver.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of märgelgravmärgelgravmarl pitmärgelgrav · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to tvärsöverfortforwent onfortfor · adverbparallel clause to summitMistagged as adverb; this is the past tense of the verb 'fortfara', meaning 'continued/went on'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fortfor— »Then I expect you're a champion at running,» said the goose.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies väntarväntarexpectvänta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väntarmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of väntarattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of mästareduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of mästareärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to mästareenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of mästaremästaremastermästare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of väntariati · prepositionintroduces the clause of springaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of springainfinitive marker before a verb.
springato runspringa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on mästareOne cited example uses the homograph springa "slit/crack" (a different noun); this type is the infinitive verb "to run".
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to väntargåsengoosegås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade— »I've never seen a tame goose run, and I've never done it myself either,» said the gander, making the matter worse than it was.
AldrigneverAldrig · adverbmodifies settharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of settjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settsettseense · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on gjortenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tamgåstamgåstame goosetamgås · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on settspringato runspringa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of settOne cited example uses the homograph springa "slit/crack" (a different noun); this type is the infinitive verb "to run".
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies gjortharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjortjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjortsjälvmyselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying jaggjortdonegöra · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sadedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of gjorthellereitherheller · adverbmodifies gjortsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sademorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadesakenthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gjordevärreworseond · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of gjordeänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vardenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularcoordinated with sadethe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
- 39
The big white one was now certain that the lead goose would say she could by no means take him along.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vitestorebigstore · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies viteWeak-declension form of 'stor'.
vitewhite onevite · adjective, nominativesubject of vissDefinite/weak form of vit used substantively, "the white one".
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to vissnunownu · adverbmodifies vissvisscertain/sureviss · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sägaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sägaförargåsenlead gooseförargåse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on vissattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of taingalundaby no meansingalunda · adverbmodifies takundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitivedepends on visshonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of tamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ta He was greatly astonished when she said: »You answer questions boldly, and one who has courage can become a good travel companion, even if he's still ignorant at the start.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemycketgreatlymycket · adverbmodifies förvånadförvånadastonishedförvånad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sadehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blevDuyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svararsvararanswerssvara · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemodigtboldlymodig · adverbmodifies svararpåanswerpå · prepositionpreposition marking frågorfrågorquestionsfråga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of svararochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of blisomwhosom · pronounsubject of harThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
harhasha · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on denmodcouragemod · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of harkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with svararenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of reskamratgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies reskamratreskamrattraveling companionreskamrat · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bliomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of okunnighanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of okunnigocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies okunnigärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to okunnigokunnigignorantokunnig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on bliiati · prepositionpreposition marking börjanbörjanbeginningbörjan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of okunnigWhat do you say to staying with us a couple of days, until we see what you're made of?»
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sägersägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägeromaboutom · prepositionintroduces the clause of stannaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of stannainfinitive marker before a verb.
stannastaystanna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sägerhoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of stannaettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies dardardaysd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of stannatillsuntiltills · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of seviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sefårget tofå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stannavadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of gårduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of seförmade offör · prepositionmodifies går— »I'm very well content with that,» said the gander, quite delighted.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of belåtenärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to belåtenjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of belåtenmycketverymycket · adverbmodifies belåtenbelåtensatisfied/contentbelåt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasePredicate adjective belåten ('satisfied'); tagged as noun.
medwithmed · prepositionmodifies belåtensadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to belåtengåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sademorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gladheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies gladgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sade- 40
Then the lead goose pointed with her beak and said: »But who is it you have with you?
Därpåthen/after thatdärpå · adverbmodifies pekadepekadepointedpeka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceförargåsenlead gooseförargås · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of pekademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking näbbennäbbenbeaknäbbe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies förargåsenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with pekadeMenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singularhead of the phraseärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to vemdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with vemsomthatsom · pronoundirect object of harThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on vemmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of har I've never seen the like of him before.»
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sådansådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
somlikesom · pronoundirect object of settThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of settjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies settförrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies settsettseense · verb, active, supinerelative clause on sådan— »He's my companion,» said the gander.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of kamratärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to kamratminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of kamratpossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
kamratcompanionkamrat · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to kamratgåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sademorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
»He's been a goose-herd his whole life.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåsvaktareharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåsvaktarevaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to gåsvaktaregåsvaktaregoose-herdgåsvaktare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseifori · prepositionpreposition marking livhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies livsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of livpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
livlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gåsvaktareHe'll likely be useful to have along on the journey.»
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenoglikelynog · adverbmodifies blirnyttigusefulnyttig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bliratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fåhavefå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on nyttigmedwithmed · prepositiondepends on fåpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking resanresanjourneyresa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of få— »Well, that could indeed be handy for a tame goose,» answered the wild one.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on bradetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of brakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bravälindeedväl · adverbmodifies bravarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to brabrahandybra · adverbhead of the phraseförforför · prepositionpreposition marking tamgåsenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tamgåstamgåstame goosetamgås · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of brasvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to bradenaen · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of svaradevildawildvild · adjective, nominative, singularcomplement of svarade»What do you call him?»
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of kallarkallarcallskalla · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kallarhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of kallar— »He has several names,» said the gander hesitantly, not knowing what to invent on the spot, for he did not want to betray that the boy had a human name.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencefleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies namnnamnnamesnamn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of harsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to hargåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadetvekandehesitantlytvekande · adjective, nominativedirect object of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadeintenotinte · particlemodifies visstevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of finnahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finnaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of finnafinnafindfinna · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of visstepåuppå · prepositiondepends on finnaiini · prepositionpreposition marking hastenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hasthasthurryhast · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of finna'i en hast' = 'on the spot/in a hurry'.
förforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of förrådahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förrådavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förrådaintenotinte · particlemodifies förrådaförrådato betrayförråda · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on finnaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of finnaettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of människonamnmänniskonamnhuman namemänniskonamn · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hade»Well, his name is Thumbietot,» he said at last.
Jowell/yesjo · interjectiondepends on heterused to affirm or answer a question, often contradicting an implied doubt.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of heterheteris calledheta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativecomplement of heterthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to heterhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadetillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies sadesistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase till— »Is he of gnome stock?» said the lead goose.
Ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Äravofav · prepositionpreposition marking tomtesläkttomtesläktgnome stocktomtesläkt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hansadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceförargåsenlead gooseförargås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade— »What time do you wild geese usually settle down to sleep?» said the gander quickly, trying to get away from answering that last question.
Vidatvid · prepositionintroduces the clause of brukarvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of brukartidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of brukarbrukartends tobruka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brukarsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
vildgässwild geesevildgäss · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of brukarställato settle downställa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of brukareryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of ställaObject form er of the plural/formal pronoun ni.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sovainfinitive marker before a verb.
sovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on ställasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sademorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
hastigtquicklyhastig · adverbmodifies sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförsöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadekommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försökteifrånfromifrån · prepositiondepends on kommaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of svarainfinitive marker before a verb.
svarato answersvara · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kommapåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking frågandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of frågansistalastsista · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies fråganfråganquestionfråga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of svara»My eyes are falling shut on their own at this hour.»
MinamyMina · pronoun, pluralpossessor of ögonögoneyesögon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of fallerfallerfallsfalla · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceigenagainigen · adverbdepends on falleravonav · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigtheir ownsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of fallersjälvaownsjälv · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying sigsåthisså · adverbmodifies fallerhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase sådagsat this hourdags · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase så- 41
It was easy to see that the goose who spoke with the gander was very old.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lättvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to lättlätteasylätt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasech01-p14 'ett lätt buller' renders as 'a faint noise' in the translation, a distinct sense from weight/air-lightness or ease.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitivedepends on lättattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gammaldenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåsengåsengoosegås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gammalsomwhosom · pronounsubject of taladeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
taladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on gåsenmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking gåskarlengåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of taladevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gammalmycketverymycket · adverbmodifies gammalgammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of se Her whole plumage was ice-gray, without a single dark streak.
Helawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies fjäderdräktenfjäderdräktenher plumagefjäderdräkt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of isgråvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to isgråisgråice-grayisgrå · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseutanwithoututan · prepositionlinks the coordinationmörkadarkmörk · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies streckstreckstreaksstreck · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with isgråHer head was larger, her legs were coarser, and her feet more worn than anyone else's.
Huvudetthe headHuvudet · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of störrevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to störrestörrebiggerstor · adjective, nominative, comparativehead of the phrasebenenlegsben · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of störrevorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on grövrearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
grövrecoarsergrov · adjective, nominative, comparativecoordinated with störreochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfötternafeetföttere · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with grövremermoremycket · adverbmodifies slitnaslitnawornsliten · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on störreänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of annansnågonanyonenågon · pronoun, common gender, singulardeterminer of annansannansanyone else'sannan · pronounadverbial clause on slitnaHer feathers were stiff, her shoulders knobby, and her neck thin.
Fjädrarnathe feathersFjädrarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasevorowerevoro · pronoun, pluralmodifies Fjädrarnamistagged as a pronoun; this is the archaic plural past tense of vara 'to be'.
styvastiffstyva · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying Fjädrarnaskuldrornathe shouldersskuldrorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralpossessor of knotigaknotigaknobbyknotig · adjective, nominative, pluralparallel clause to styvaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhalsenneckhalse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tunnvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tunntunnthintunn · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with FjädrarnaAll this was the work of age.
Alltallall · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of verkvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to verkåldernsof old ageålder · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of verkverkworkverk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasethe idiom i (själva) verket means 'in fact/actually', not literal 'work'.
It was only her eyes over which time had gained no power.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with ögonenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ögonenbarajustbara · adverbmodifies ögonenögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralhead of the phrasesomwhichsom · pronounoblique complement of fåttThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
tidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåttintenotinte · particlemodifies fåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttfåttgainedfå · verb, active, supinedepends on ögonenmaktpowermakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåttmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking somThey shone more brightly, as though younger, than any of the others'.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of lystelysteshonelyste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceklararemore brightlyklarare · adverbmodifies lysteliksomas thoughliksom · adverbintroduces the clause of yngreyngreyoungeryngre · adjective, nominative, comparativeadverbial clause on lysteänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase yngrenågonanynågon · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of yngreavofav · prepositionpreposition marking andrasdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andrasSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andrasthe others'andra · noun, genitive, neuter, pluralmodifies någon- 42
She now turned to the gander very haughtily.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändevändeturnedvän · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceReally the past tense 'vände' of the verb vända ('to turn'), mistagged here under lemma vän.
sigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vändenunownu · adverbmodifies mycketmycketverymycket · adverbmodifies högdragethögdragethaughtilyhögdrage · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of vändetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking gåskarlengåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vände »Know now, gander, that I am Akka from Kebnekajse, and that the goose flying nearest me on the right is Yksi from Vassijaure, and the one on the left is Kaksi from Nuolja!
Vetknow!Vet · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies Vetgåskarlgandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Vetattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of AkkajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Akkaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to AkkaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedepends on Vetproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
frånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking KebnekajseKebnekajseKebnekaiseKebnekajse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of AkkaMountain in Lapland; Akka's epithet 'from Kebnekajse.'
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of Yksidenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåsengåsengoosegås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Yksisomwhosom · pronounsubject of flygerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
flygerfliesflyga · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on gåsennärmastnearestnära · adverbmodifies flygerType lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära.
migmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of flygertillontill · prepositionmodifies flygerhögerright (side)höger · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase tillärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to YksiYksiYksiYksi · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Akkafrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking VassijaureVassijaureVassijaureVassijaure · proper noun, nominativemodifies Yksiochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of ärtillontill · prepositionmodifies denvänsterleftvänster · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase tillthe left side/direction.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with YksiKaksiKaksiKaksi · proper noun, nominativesubject of YksiName of one of the wild geese.
frånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking NuoljaNuoljaNuoljaNuolja · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of YksiKnow also that the other goose on the right is Kolme from Sarjektjåkko, and the other on the left is Neljä from Svappavaara, and that behind them fly Viisi from Oviksfjällen and Kuusi from Sjangeli!
Vetknow!Vet · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies Vetattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of Kolmedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of högergåsenandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies högergåsenhögergåsenright-hand goosehögergåsen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Kolmeärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to KolmeKolmeKolmeKolme · proper noun, nominativesubject of Neljäfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking SarjektjåkkoSarjektjåkkoSarjektjåkkoSarjektjåkko · proper noun, nominativemodifies Kolmeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vänstergåsenandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies vänstergåsenvänstergåsenleft-hand goosevänstergås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Kolmeärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to NeljäNeljäNeljäNeljä · proper noun, nominativehead of the phrasefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking SvappavaaraSvappavaaraSvappavaaraSvappavaara · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of Neljäochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of flygerinfinitive marker before a verb.
bakombehindbakom · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of flygerflygerfliesflyga · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with NeljäViisiViisiviisi · proper noun, nominativedirect object of flygerfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking OviksfjällenOviksfjällenthe Oviken Mountainsoviksfjälle · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of flygerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationKuusiKuusiKuusi · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Oviksfjällenfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking SjangeliSjangeliSjangeliSjangeli · proper noun, nominativemodifies KuusiAnd know that these, like the six goslings flying last, three to the right and three to the left, are all mountain geese of the finest lineage!
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionmodifies vetdessathesedenna · pronoun, pluralsubject of vetliksomlikeliksom · prepositionintroduces the clause of gässlingarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of gässlingarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
sexsixsex · numeral, nominativequantifies gässlingarnagässlingarnathe goslingsgässlingarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralclause modifying dessasomwhosom · pronounsubject of flygerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
flygerflyingflyge · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on gässlingarnasistlastsist · adverbmodifies flygertrethreetre · numeral, nominativequantifies flygertillontill · prepositionpreposition marking trehögerright (side)höger · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase tillochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase tilltrethreetre · numeral, nominativeoblique complement of flygertillontill · prepositionmodifies flygervänsterleftvänster · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase tillthe left side/direction.
allaallall · pronoun, pluralsubject of högfjällsgässärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to högfjällsgässhögfjällsgässmountain geesehögfjällsgäss · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on gässlingarnaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking ättbästabestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies ättättlineageätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of högfjällsgässYou shall not take us for vagabonds who keep company with just anyone, and you shall not think that we let anyone share our sleeping place who won't say what lineage he's come from.»
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of taskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of taintenotinte · particlemodifies tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of taförasför · prepositionpreposition marking landstrykarelandstrykarevagabondslandstrykare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of tasomwhosom · pronounsubject of slårThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
slårkeep companyslå · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on landstrykaresällskapcompanysällskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of slårmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vemvemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of slårsomwhosom · conjunctionpart of the phrase vemhelstevergärna · adverbpart of the phrase vemType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of troskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of trointenotinte · particlemodifies trotrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with taattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of låterviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of låterlåterletlåta · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of tronågonanyonenågon · determiner, common gender, singularintroduces the clause of deladelato sharedela · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låtervårourvi · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of sovplatsMistagged as a pronoun under lemma vi; vår here is the possessive "our", not the pronoun "we".
sovplatssleeping placesovplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of delasomwhosom · pronounsubject of sägaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies sägavillwantsvilja · verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on sovplatsavfromav · prepositionintroduces the clause of kommenvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of kommenförkind offör · prepositionpreposition marking hanättlineageätt · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase förhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommenärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to kommenkommencomekomm · adjective, nominative, superlativeadverbial clause on säga- 43
When Akka, the lead goose, spoke in this way, the boy stepped quickly forward.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking AkkaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativeadverbial clause on taladeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
förargåsenlead gooseförargåse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Akkataladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåin this waypå · prepositionpreposition marking sättdettathisdenna · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of taladestegsteppedsteg · verb, imperative, activecoordinated with taladeThe backbone tags this as imperative, but every example is past tense of stiga (to step/rise), not an imperative.
pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of steghastigtquicklyhastig · adverbmodifies stegframforwardfram · adverbmodifies steg It had troubled him that the gander, who had answered so readily for himself, gave such evasive answers where he himself was concerned.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of bedrövathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bedrövatbedrövattroubledbedröva · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of bedrövatattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gavgåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gavsomwhosom · pronounsubject of svaratThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of svaratsvaratansweredsvara · verb, active, supinerelative clause on gåskarlensåsoså · adverbmodifies rasktrasktquicklyrask · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies svaratneuter form used adverbially, 'raskt' = briskly/quickly.
förforför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of svaratsjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying siggavgavege · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on bedrövatLight-verb idioms in the examples: "gav ... till ett klagoskrik" = let out a cry; "gav sig tid" = took the time — not literal "gave" in either case.
såsuchså · adverbmodifies svarundvikandeevasiveundvikande · adjective, nominativemodifies svarsvaranswersvar · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gavnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking honomdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase närgälldeconcernedgälla · verb, past, indicative, activepart of the phrase närhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gav»I don't want to keep secret who I am,» he said.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hållavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållaintenotinte · particlemodifies hållahållato keep secrethålla · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencehemligtsecrethemlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of hållavemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of ärjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hållasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to hållahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade»My name is Nils Holgersson, and I'm the son of a crofter, and up until this very day I've been a human being, but this morning...
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of heterheteris calledheta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativesubject of heterHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to sonsonsonson · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hetertilloftill · prepositionpreposition marking husmanenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of husmanhusmancottagerhusman · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sonochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationändaup untilända · adverbmodifies dagtilluntiltill · prepositionpreposition marking dagdennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of människaharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of människajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of människavaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to människaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of människamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hetermenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationithis morningi · prepositionpreposition marking förmiddagsförmiddagsthis morningförmiddag · proper noun, genitivecoordinated with ,- 44
The boy got no further than that.
LängrefartherLängre · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies kompojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kom As soon as he said he was a human being, the lead goose recoiled three steps backward, and the others even more.
Såasså · adverblinks the coordinationsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies Såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of människahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of människavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to människaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of människamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stegryggaderecoiledrygga · verb, past, indicative, activemodifies förargåsenförargåsenlead gooseförargåse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stegtrethreetre · numeral, nominativequantifies stegstegstepssteg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sadebaklängesbackwardbaklänge · verb, present, indicative, passivemodifies sadeAdverb 'baklänges' (backward), mistagged as a passive verb.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of övrigaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
övrigathe othersövrig · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of meraännuevenännu · adverbmodifies merameramoremycket · adverbcoordinated with baklängesAnd they all stretched out their necks and hissed angrily at him.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sträcktesträcktestretchedsträcka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceallaallall · pronoun, pluralmodifies sträckteframforwardfram · adverbdepends on sträcktehalsarnaneckhals · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sträckteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfrästehissedfräste · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with halsarnaActually the past tense of fräsa "to hiss", mislabeled as an adjective.
vredgatangrilyvredga · verb, active, supinedirect object of sträckteemotatemot · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vredgat- 45
»This I have suspected ever since I first saw you here on the shore,» said Akka.
Dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of misstänktharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of misstänktjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of misstänktmisstänktsuspectedmisstänkt · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasealltsedanever sincealltsedan · adverbmodifies sågjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågförstfirstförst · adverbmodifies sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with misstänktpast tense of se, 'to see.'
digyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of såghärherehär · adverbmodifies sågpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking strandenstrandenshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sågsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with misstänktAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
»And now be off with you at once.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies lagamåmaymå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lagaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lagagenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies lagalagagetlaga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lagabortawaybort · adverbdepends on lagaWe tolerate no humans among us.»
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of tåltåltoleratetåla · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceingano/noneingen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of tåliblandamongibland · adverbmodifies tålossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of tål- 46
»Surely it can't be,» said the gander, in a conciliating tone, »that you wild geese could be afraid of one so small.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with möjligtärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to möjligtvälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies möjligtintenotinte · particlemodifies möjligtmöjligtpossiblemöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasehalf the examples (ch01-p27, ch04-p30) use the fixed idiom 'allt möjligt' = 'all sorts of/everything', not the literal 'possible' sense used in the other two.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with möjligtgåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sademorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
medlandeconciliatorymedlande · adjective, nominativemodifies sadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of räddaniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räddasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
vildgässwild geesevildgäss · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of räddakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of räddavarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to räddaräddaafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, pluralclausal complement of sadeförofför · prepositionpreposition marking enenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of räddasomwhosom · pronounsubject of litenThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to litensåsoså · adverbmodifies litenlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on en Tomorrow he shall certainly set off for home, but for the night you might well let him stay here among us.
Itomorrowi · prepositionmodifies gemorgonmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase Iskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gevisstcertainlyviss · adverbmodifies gesurface visst here is the adverb 'certainly/surely', not the adjective viss 'certain'.
geto givege · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of geavoffav · prepositionpreposition marking hemhemhomehem · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationöverforöver · prepositionpreposition marking nattennattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of måttemåttemustmåtte · adverbmodifies låtaModal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means "must"; the perfect sense ("must have") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain "must."
niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låtasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
välwellväl · adverbmodifies låtalåtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of låtastannastaystanna · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låtahärherehär · adverbmodifies stannaiblandamongibland · adverbmodifies stannaossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of stannaNone of us could answer for letting such a poor wretch fend for himself against weasel and fox out here tonight.»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ståkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of ståingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of ståavofav · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluralmodifies ingenståstandstå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencetillfortill · prepositionpreposition marking svarssvarsaccountablesvars · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ståUsed only in the expression stå till svars, ‘be answerable’.
medwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of låtaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of låtainfinitive marker before a verb.
låtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on ståenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stackaresådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stackaresån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
stackarewretchstackare · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of låtaredamanagereda · prepositionpreposition marking sigInfinitive of the verb 'reda sig' (to manage/fend for oneself), mistagged as a preposition.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of låtapåonpå · prepositionmodifies låtaegenownegen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies handhandhandhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase påmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vesslavesslaweaselvessla · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of låtaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrävfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with vesslanunownu · adverbmodifies låtaiduringi · prepositionpreposition marking nattennattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nu- 47
The wild goose now came closer, but it was plain to see that she found it hard to master her fear.
Vildgåsenthe wild goosevildgåsen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies komnärmareclosernära · adverbmodifies komType lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of syntessyntesplain to seesyntes · verb, past, indicativecoordinated with komvälclearlyväl · adverbmodifies syntesattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on syntessvårtdifficultsvår · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of betvingaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of betvingainfinitive marker before a verb.
betvingamasterbetvinga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hadesinhersig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of fruktanfruktanfearfruktan · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of betvinga »I've been taught to be afraid of anything called human, be it large or small,» she said.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lärdärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to lärdlärdtaughtlärd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularauxiliary of räddMistagged as a noun; two distinct lemmas collide here — the adjective 'lärd' (learned, erudite) and the past participle of the verb 'lära' (to teach) in constructions like 'lärd att göra ngt' (taught/trained to do something). Example ch-p 'Jag är lärd att vara rädd' means 'I've been taught to be afraid', not 'I am learned'.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of räddinfinitive marker before a verb.
varabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to räddräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseförofför · prepositionpreposition marking alltallteverythingall · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of räddvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hetermänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of heterheteris calledheta · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on rädddetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of storamåmaymå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of storavarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to storastorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralparallel clause to heterelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with storasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to räddhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade»But if you, gander, will answer for this one — that he'll do us no harm — then he may stay with us tonight.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of svaraduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svaragåskarlgandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with duvillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of svarasvarato answersvara · verb, active, infinitivedepends on fårförforför · prepositionpreposition marking dendenaen · determiner, common gender, singularoblique complement of svarahärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase denattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of görhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of görintenotinte · particlemodifies görgördoesgöra · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on svaraossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluralindirect object of görnågotanynågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ontontharmont · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of görBoth examples ('göra oss något ont' = 'do us harm', 'inte hade förmått göra mycket ont' = 'not been able to do much harm') attest the sense 'harm', not 'pain', which was the pinned default gloss.
såthenså · adverbadverbial clause on fårfårmayfå · verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of stannahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stannavälthenväl · adverbmodifies stannastannastaystanna · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencehoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of stannaiduringi · prepositionmodifies stannanattnightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iBut I don't think our night's lodging will suit either you or him, for we intend to settle down to sleep out here on the ice that's broken loose from shore.»
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies trorattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lagsvårtourvi · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of nattkvarterThis is 'vårt' (our, neuter), not the pronoun 'vi' (we); mismatched lemma.
nattkvarternight's lodgingnattkvart · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of lagsärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to lagstillto one's likingtill · prepositionpreposition marking lagslagssatisfactionlags · noun, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of trorUsed only in the expression till lags, meaning pleasing or satisfactory.
varkenneithervarken · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförforför · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularcoordinated with lagselleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförforför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularcoordinated with digförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of ämnarviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of ämnarämnarintend toämna · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ställaställato settle downställa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with lagsossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of ställaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sovainfinitive marker before a verb.
sovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on ställapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking isendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of isenlandlösadetached from shorelandlös · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies iseniseniceis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sovahäruteout herehärute · adverbmodifies sova- 48
She rather expected that the gander would grow hesitant when he heard this.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenograthernog · adverbmodifies tänkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bligåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bliskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of tänktetveksamhesitanttveksam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blinärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hörahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörafickheardfå · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörahörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on blidettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of höra But he let nothing trouble him.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lätlätletlät · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of lätingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies lätbekommatroublebekomma · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of lätArchaic in the expression låta något bekomma sig: to let something affect or trouble one.
»You're very wise, to know how to choose so safe a sleeping place,» he said.
Niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kloksecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to klokbraverybra · adverbmodifies klokklokwiseklok · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomtosom · pronounsubject of förstårThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
förstårunderstand(s)förstå · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on klokatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of väljainfinitive marker before a verb.
väljato choosevälja · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of förstårenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sovplatssåsoså · adverbmodifies säkersäkersafesäker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sovplatssovplatssleeping placesovplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of väljasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to klokhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade- 49
»But you're answerable for his setting off for home tomorrow.»
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ansvararansvararare answerableansvara · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of gerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gerhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of geritomorrowi · prepositionmodifies germorgonmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase igergivesge · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ansvararsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of geravoffav · prepositionpreposition marking hemhemhomehem · adverboblique complement of gertilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking sittsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of gerpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
— »Then it will have to be that I leave you too,» said the gander.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedåthendå · adverbmodifies blirsåsoså · adverbmodifies blirattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lämnajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lämnafårhave tofå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lämnalämnaleavelämna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on blireryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluralindirect object of lämnajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lämnamedwithmed · prepositiondepends on lämnasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to blirgåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sademorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
»I've promised not to abandon him.»
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lovatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lovatlovatpromisedlovat · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of övergeinfinitive marker before a verb.
intenotinte · particlemodifies övergeövergeto abandonöverge · verb, active, infinitivedepends on lovathonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of överge— »You're free to fly wherever you like,» said the lead goose.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of stårfrittfreelyfri · adverbcomplement of ståratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of flygainfinitive marker before a verb.
flygaflyflyga · verb, active, infinitivedepends on stårvartwherevart · adverbintroduces the clause of villduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villvillwantsvilja · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on flygasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with villförargåsenlead gooseförargås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade- 50
With this she lifted her wings and flew out over the ice, and one after another the wild geese followed her.
Härmedwith thishärmed · adverbmodifies lyfteNarrative connective ('Härmed lyfte hon vingarna' = 'With this she lifted her wings'); 'hereby' is too formal/legalistic a register for this usage.
lyfteliftedlyfte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lyftevingarnathe wingsvingarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of lyftelemma should be vinge 'wing'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationflögflewflög · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with lyfteActually the past tense of flyga ('to fly'), mistagged here as present.
utoutut · adverbdepends on flögöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking iseniseniceis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flögochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of enaenaoneena · adjective, nominativecoordinated with lyfteefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking andradenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andraandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularoblique complement of enaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies andraattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
följdefollowedföljde · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to enahenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of följde - 51
The boy was distressed that his journey to Lapland could not come to pass, and on top of that he was afraid of the cold night's lodging.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bedrövadvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to bedrövadbedrövaddistressedbedrövad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseöverthatöver · prepositionintroduces the clause of bliattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blihanshishan · pronounpossessor of LapplandsresaLapplandsresajourney to LaplandLapplandsresa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bliintenotinte · particlemodifies blikundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on bedrövadavpassav · prepositionpreposition marking bliochandoch · conjunctionmodifies köpettillon top of thattill · adverbpart of the phrase ochpåon top of thatpå · prepositionpreposition marking köpetköpeton top of thatköp · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of bedrövadMost examples use the fixed idiom till/på köpet, meaning "on top of that", rather than the literal "the deal".
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to räddhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räddräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with bedrövadförofför · prepositionpreposition marking detdetaen · determiner, neuter, singularoblique complement of kallakallacoldkalla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on räddMislemmatized: both examples ('det kalla nattkvarteret', 'i den kalla marsnatten') show the definite/inflected adjective 'kall' ('cold'), not the verb kalla ('to call'). Gloss corrected to match the attested adjective use.
nattkvarteretnight lodgingnattkvarter · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of kalla »It just keeps getting worse and worse, gander,» he said.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencealltjustallt · adverbmodifies värrevärreworseond · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of blirochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvärreworseond · adjective, nominative, comparativecoordinated with värregåskarlgandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with värresadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blirhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade»For one thing, we're going to freeze to death out on the ice.»
Förforför · prepositionpreposition marking förstadetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of förstaförstafirsten · adjective, nominativeoblique complement of frysasurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
kommerwillkomma · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of frysaviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of frysaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of frysainfinitive marker before a verb.
frysafreezefrysa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceihjälto deathihjäl · verb, active, supinecomplement of frysauteoutsideute · adverbmodifies ihjälpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking iseniseniceis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ihjäl- 52
But the gander was in good spirits.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of varmorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
varwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevidinvid · prepositionpreposition marking modgottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies modmodcouragemod · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of var »There's no danger in that,» he said.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of farafaradangerfara · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of harsome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to harhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade»I only ask you now to quickly gather up as much chaff and grass as you can carry.»
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of berberasksbe · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of bernunownu · adverbmodifies berbarajustbara · adverbmodifies berattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of samlarduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of samlariini · prepositionmodifies samlarallallall · determiner, common gender, singularpart of the phrase ihasthastehast · nounpart of the phrase isamlargatherssamla · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of berihoptogetherihop · adverbdepends on samlarsåasså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycken · adverbmodifies bossbosschaffboss · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of samlarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgräsgrassgräs · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with bosssomthatsom · pronoundirect object of bäraThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bärakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bärabärato carrybära · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on samlar- 53
When the boy had his arms full of dry grass, the gander seized him by the shirt collar, lifted him up, and flew out onto the ice, where the wild geese already stood sleeping with their beaks under their wings.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on lyftefamnenarmsfamn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadefullfullfull · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of hadeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking grästorrtdrytorr · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gräsgräsgrassgräs · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fullknepseizedknep · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with gräsMistagged as a noun; the examples all show 'knep' as the past tense of 'knipa' (to seize/snatch/pinch).
gåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of hademorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
tagholdtag · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on hadeibyi · prepositionpreposition marking skjortlinninghanshishan · pronounpossessor of skjortlinningskjortlinningshirt collarskjortlinning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadelyfteliftedlyfa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lyfteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationforflewfor · prepositioncoordinated with honomPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
utoutut · adverbpart of the phrase forpåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking iseniseniceis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fordärtheredär · adverbmodifies stodovildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodoattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
redanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies stodostodostoodstodo · adjective, nominative, pluralin apposition to lyftePast plural of stå ('to stand'); tagged as adjective.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsovosleptsovo · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with stodoArchaic plural past tense of sova (they slept), not a noun.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking näbbennäbbenbeaknäbbe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodounderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking vingenvingenwingving · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodo - 54
»Now spread the grass out on the ice, so I have something to stand on and don't freeze fast!
Bredspreadbred · proper noun, nominativehead of the phrasenunownu · adverbmodifies Bredutoutut · adverbdepends on Bredgräsetgrassgräs · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies Bredpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking iseniseniceis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gräsetsåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of fårattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fårfårhavefå · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on Brednågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of fåratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ståinfinitive marker before a verb.
ståstandstå · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying någotpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking ståochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies fryserfryserfreezefrysa · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with fårfastfastfast · adverbdepends on fryser You help me, and I'll help you!» said the gander.
Hjälphelphjälp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on hjälpaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Hjälpmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of Hjälpsåandså · adverbadverbial clause on hjälpaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hjälpajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hjälpahjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälpasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sademorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
- 55
The boy did so, and when he was finished, the gander seized him once more by the shirt collar and tucked him in under his wing.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies gjordeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of färdighanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of färdigvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to färdigfärdigreadyfärdig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on gjordegrepseizedgrepa · verb, imperative, activecoordinated with färdiggåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of grepmorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of grepänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gångenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on grepvidbyvid · prepositionpreposition marking skjortlinningenskjortlinningenshirt collarskjortlinning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of grepochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstacktuckedstack · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with skjortlinningenThis is actually the past tense of the verb stinga 'to stick/poke', mistagged as a noun.
ininin · adverbdepends on stackhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of grepunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking vingesinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of vingevingewingvinge · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of grep »There I think you'll lie warm and snug,» he said, and pressed down with his wing.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies tänkertänkerthinktänka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of liggaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of liggaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of liggaliggato lieligga · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of tänkervarmtwarmvarm · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies liggaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbrasnugbra · adverbcoordinated with varmtsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to tänkerhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtrycktepressedtrycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadetilldowntill · prepositiondepends on trycktemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vingenvingenwingving · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tryckte- 56
The boy was so bedded in down that he could not answer, but warm and snug he lay, and tired he was, and asleep he fell within a moment.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of inbäddadvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to inbäddadsåsoså · adverbmodifies inbäddadinbäddadbedded ininbäddad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseiini · prepositionpreposition marking dundundowndun · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of inbäddadattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of svarahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svaraintenotinte · particlemodifies svarakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of svarasvarato answersvara · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on inbäddadmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarmtwarmvarm · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hanochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsköntsnugskön · adverbcoordinated with varmtlåglowlåg · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with varmthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of svaraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtrötttiredtrött · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with svaravarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to trötthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on varochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsovfell asleepsov · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with inbäddadgjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with inbäddadhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordeinomwithininom · prepositionpreposition marking ögonblickettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ögonblickögonblickmomentögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gjorde - 57
THE NIGHT.
NATTENTHE NIGHTNATTEN · nounhead of the phrase - 58
It is a truth that ice is always faithless and nothing to be relied on.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sanningärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to sanningenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sanningsanningtruthsanning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of trolösisiceis · pronounsubject of trolösalltidalwaysalltid · adverbmodifies trolösärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to trolöstrolöstreacheroustrolös · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on sanningochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularcoordinated with trolösatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of litainfinitive marker before a verb.
litato trustlita · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying ingentingpårely onpå · prepositionpreposition marking lita In the middle of the night the ice floe adrift on Lake Vomb shifted, so that at one spot it came to touch against the shore.
Mittthe middleMitt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularlinks the coordinationIn the phrase mitt i ("in the middle of").
iini · prepositionpreposition marking nattennattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flyttadeflyttademovedflytta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of flyttadedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of landlösalandlösadetached from shorelandlös · adjective, nominative, singularcomplement of flyttadeisskorpanice crustisskorpa · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of landlösapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking VombsjönVombsjönLake VombVombsjön · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of landlösasåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of stötaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sådenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularpart of the phrase såpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking ställeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ställeställeplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase såkomcame to touchkomma · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of stötaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of stötainfinitive marker before a verb.
stötatouch againststöta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on landlösaintillnext tointill · prepositionpreposition marking strandenstrandenshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stötaNow it happened that Smirre Fox, who at that time lived on the eastern side of the lake in the park of Övedskloster, caught sight of that spot while he was out on his night hunt.
Detaen · determiner, neuter, singularexpletive with händehändehappenedhän · adjective, nominativehead of the phrasesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of händenunownu · adverbmodifies händeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fickSmirreSmirresmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativesubject of rävName of Smirre the fox; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a comparative adjective.
rävfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ficksomwhosom · pronounsubject of boddeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
dåat that timedå · adverbmodifies boddeförat that timeför · prepositionpreposition marking tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of boddeboddelivedbodde · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on rävpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sidanöstraeasternöster · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sidansidansidesida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of boddeomofom · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of boddeiini · prepositionpreposition marking parkÖvedsklostersÖvedskloster'sÖvedskloster · proper noun, genitivepossessor of parkparkparkpark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of boddefickcaught sightfå · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on händesynsightsyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of fickdärtheredär · adverbmodifies fickställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase därnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fickuteoutsideute · adverbmodifies varpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking nattjaktsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of nattjaktnattjaktnight huntnattjakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of varSmirre had already seen the wild geese that evening, but he had not dared hope he could get at any of them.
SmirreSmirresmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativesubject of settName of Smirre the fox; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a comparative adjective.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencevildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of settattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
redanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies kvällenpåin the eveningpå · prepositionpreposition marking kvällenkvälleneveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of settmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vågathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vågatintenotinte · particlemodifies vågatvågatdaredvåga · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hoppashoppashopehoppas · verb, infinitivecoordinated with settatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hoppasåtatåt · prepositionpreposition marking någonnågonanynågon · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies någonHe now made his way at once out onto the ice.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of begavbegavset offbegav · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceReflexive 'begav sig' = 'made his/her way, set off'; lemma should be 'begiva'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of begavnunownu · adverbmodifies begavgenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies begavutoutut · adverbmodifies begavpåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking iseniseniceis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ut- 59
When Smirre was quite close to the wild geese, he happened to slip, so that his claws scraped against the ice.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of näraSmirreSmirresmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativesubject of näraName of Smirre the fox; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a comparative adjective.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to näravildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on varattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
heltquitehelt · adverbmodifies näranäranearnära · adverbadverbial clause on råkadeType lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära.
råkadehappened toråka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of halkahalkasliphalka · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of råkadesåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of skrapadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhanshishan · pronounpossessor of klorklorclawsklor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of skrapadeskrapadescrapedskrapa · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on halkamotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking iseniseniceis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skrapade The geese woke and flapped their wings to throw themselves up into the air.
Gässenthe geeseGässen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vaknadevaknadewoke upvakna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationflaxadeflappedflaxa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vaknademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vingarnavingarnathe wingsvingarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of flaxadelemma should be vinge 'wing'.
förin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of kastaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kastainfinitive marker before a verb.
kastato throwkasta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on vaknadesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kastauppupupp · adverbdepends on kastaiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kastaBut Smirre was too quick for them.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationSmirreSmirresmirre · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of varThis is the proper name of the fox character, mistagged as a common noun.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of varförtooför · adverbmodifies snabbsnabbswiftsnabb · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of varHe flung himself forward as if he had been hurled, seized a goose by the wing-bone, and dashed back toward land again.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slungadeslungadehurledslunga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of slungadeframåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies slungadesomas ifsom · pronounintroduces the clause of kastadThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kastadhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kastadhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kastadvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to kastadkastadthrownkastad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on slungadegrepseizedgrepa · verb, imperative, activecoordinated with kastadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåsgåsgoosegås · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of grepvidbyvid · prepositionpreposition marking vingbenetvingbenetwing bonevingben · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kastadochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrusaderushedrusa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kastadtillbakabacktillbaka · adverbdepends on rusademottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of rusadeigenagainigen · adverbmodifies rusade- 60
But this night the wild geese were not alone out on the ice; they had a human among them, small though it was.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of nattennattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vorovorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, singularhead of the phrasePast plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective.
intenotinte · particlemodifies ensammavildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ensammaattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
ensammaaloneensam · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with vorouteoutsideute · adverbmodifies ensammapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking iseniseniceis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uteutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with voroenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of människamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeiblandamongibland · adverbmodifies hadesigthemsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of hadesåasså · adverbmodifies litenlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on hadehonithon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of litenänthanän · subordinating conjunctioncopula linking to litenvarwasvar · pronoun, common gender, singularcopula linking to liten"var" is both the interrogative/relative adverb "where" and the past tense of vara ("was"); the parser conflated the two under one type.
The boy had woken at the gander's beating out with his wings.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vaknathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vaknatvaknatwokenvakna · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencevidatvid · prepositionintroduces the clause of slagitdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase vidattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slagitgåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slagithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slagitslagitbeatenslå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on vaknatutoutut · adverbdepends on slagitmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vingarnavingarnathe wingsvingarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of slagitlemma should be vinge 'wing'.
He had fallen down onto the ice and sat there half-dazed with sleep.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fallithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fallitfallitfallenfalla · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencenerdownner · adverbdepends on fallitpåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking iseniseniceis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fallitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinecoordinated with fallitsittandesittingsitta · adjective, nominativemodifies yrvakenyrvakensleep-dazedyrvak · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of blivitHe had understood nothing of all the commotion, until he caught sight of a small, low-legged dog running off across the ice with a goose in its mouth.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förståttingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of förståttförståttunderstoodförstå · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseavofav · prepositionpreposition marking oronallallall · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of oronoroncommotionoro · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förståttförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies seused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sefåttcaught sightfå · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of se"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on oronenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hundlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hundlågbentshort-leggedlågbent · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hundhunddoghund · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sespringato runspringa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of seOne cited example uses the homograph springa "slit/crack" (a different noun); this type is the infinitive verb "to run".
bortawaybort · adverbmodifies springaöveracrossöver · prepositionpreposition marking iseniseniceis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of springamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking gåsenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåsgåsgoosegås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of springaiini · prepositionpreposition marking munnenmunnenmouthmun · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gås- 61
The boy hurried at once after him to take the goose from that dog.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skyndadeskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies skyndadeefterafterefter · prepositiondepends on skyndadeförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of taatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tainfinitive marker before a verb.
tato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skyndadegåsengoosegås · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tafrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking dendeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of tadärtheredär · adverbmodifies hundenhundendoghund · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ta He did hear the gander calling after him: »Watch out, Thumbietot! Watch out!»
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenogdidnog · adverbmodifies hördeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ropadegåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of ropademorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
ropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hördeefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ropadeAktawatch out!Akta · adverbhead of the phraseimperative of akta sig ('to be careful/watch out'), not a true adverb.
digyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of AktaTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativein apposition to digthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
Aktawatch outAkta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceDespite the parser label, this is the imperative phrase akta dig.
digyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of AktaBut the boy thought he surely need not be afraid of such a small dog, and stormed off.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of behövdeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hundsåsuchså · adverbmodifies litenlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hundhunddoghund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of behövdebehövdeneededbehöva · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of tycktehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räddvälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies räddintenotinte · particlemodifies räddvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to räddräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of behövdeförofför · prepositionintroduces the clause of åstadochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstormaderushedstorma · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of åstadPast tense of the verb 'storma' (to storm/rush); mistagged as an adjective.
åstadoffåstad · proper noun, nominativeadverbial clause on räddAdverb 'åstad' (off, away); mistagged as proper noun.
- 62
The wild goose whom Smirre Fox was dragging along heard the clatter as the boy's clogs struck the ice, and she could hardly believe her ears.
Vildgåsenthe wild goosevildgås · proper noun, nominativesubject of hördesomwhomsom · subordinating conjunctionmodifies släpadeSmirreSmirreSmirre · proper noun, genitivemodifies rävThe fox character's name.
rävfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase somsläpadedraggedsläpa · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Vildgåsenmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of släpadehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceslamretthe clatterslamr · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hördenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slogopojkensboy'spojk · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of träskorträskorclogsträska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of slogoslogostruckslogo · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hördeArchaic plural preterite of slå; tagged present but functions as past tense.
motagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking iseniseniceis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slogoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trokundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of troknappthardlyknappt · adverbmodifies trotrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with slogosinahersig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of öronöronearsöro · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of tro »Does that little urchin mean to take me from the fox?» she wondered.
Tänkermeans toTänka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of Tänkerdärtheredär · adverbmodifies taparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of Tänkermigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of tafrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking rävenrävenfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of taundradewonderedundra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undradeWretched as her plight was, a quite comical cackling began deep down in her throat, almost as if she had laughed.
Såasså · adverbmodifies eländigteländigtwretchedeländig · adverbadverbial clause on börjadehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of eländigtänasän · adverbintroduces the clause of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on eländigtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with börjadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kacklainfinitive marker before a verb.
kacklacacklekackla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on börjadeheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies lustigtlustigtcomicallustig · adverbmodifies kackladjuptdeeplydjup · adverbmodifies kacklaneredownnere · adverbmodifies kacklaiini · prepositionpreposition marking strupenstrupenthroatstrup · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nerepåherpå · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kacklanästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies somsomas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skrattatomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skrattathonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skrattathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skrattatskrattatlaughedskratta · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on började- 63
»The first thing that will happen to him is that he'll tumble down into a crack in the ice,» she thought.
Detaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of förstaförstafirsten · adjective, nominativedepends on blirsurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
somthatsom · pronounsubject of händerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
händerhappenshända · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on förstahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of händerblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stuparhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stuparstupartumblesstupar · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blirnerdownner · adverbmodifies stupariintoi · prepositionpreposition marking sprickaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sprickasprickacrackspricka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stupariini · prepositionpreposition marking iseniseniceis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sprickatänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to blirhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkte - 64
But dark as the night was, the boy saw clearly every crack and hole that was in the ice, and took bold leaps over them.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåasså · adverbmodifies mörkmörkdarkmörk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies nattennattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasevarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singulardepends on nattenthe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
sågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågtydligtclearlytydlig · adverbmodifies sågallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of springordetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of springorSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
springorcracksspringa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhålholehål · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with springorsomthatsom · pronounsubject of funnosThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
funnosexistedfunnos · proper noun, nominativerelative clause on springorOld plural past tense of 'finnas' (to exist/be found), mistagged as a proper noun.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking iseniseniceis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of funnosochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sågdjärvabolddjärva · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies språnginflected plural of the adjective djärv (bold), mistagged as a noun.
språngleapsprång · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of togöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of tog That was because he now had the gnomes' good night-eyes and could see in the dark.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of komdäravbecausedärav · adverbmodifies komattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadenunownu · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on komtomtarnasthe gnomes'tomtarnas · noun, genitive, common gender, pluralpossessor of nattögongodagoodgod · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies nattögonnattögonnight-eyesnattögon · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with hadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking mörkretmörkretdarknessmörker · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of seHe saw both lake and shore just as clearly as if it had been daylight.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
bådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsjölakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstrandshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sjölikaequallylika · adverbmodifies tydligttydligtcleartydlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sågsomas ifsom · pronounsubject of dagerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dagerdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of dagerhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of dagervaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to dagerdagerdaylightdager · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on såg- 65
Smirre Fox left the ice where it touched the shore, and just as he was working his way up the slope of the bank, the boy shouted after him: »Put down that goose, you scoundrel!»
SmirreSmirreSmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies rävmistagged as a comparative adjective; this is the proper name of the fox character.
rävFoxräv · pronounsubject of lämnadelämnadeleftlämna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ropadeiseniceis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lämnadedärtheredär · adverbmodifies stöttedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of stöttestöttestruckstötte · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on isenmotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stötteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjustjustjust · adverbmodifies somsomassom · adverboblique complement of arbetadeAdverbial/conjunctive use of som ('as/just as'), distinct from its usual relative-pronoun sense.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of arbetadearbetadeworkedarbeta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stöttesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of arbetadeuppförupuppför · prepositionpreposition marking strandsluttningenstrandsluttningenthe shore slopestrandsluttning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of arbetaderopadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropadetillaftertill · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ropadeLäggputlägga · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencenerdownner · adverbdepends on Lägggåsengoosegås · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of Läggdinyourdu · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of lymmellymmelscoundrellymmel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with gåsen Smirre didn't know who it was calling out, and didn't take the time to look around, but only picked up speed.
SmirreSmirreSmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativesubject of visstemistagged as a comparative adjective; this is the proper name of the fox character.
vissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies visstevemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of vardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activedepends on visstesomthatsom · pronounsubject of ropadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on varochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with varsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of togintenotinte · particlemodifies togtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of togatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on togsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of seomaroundom · prepositionpreposition marking seutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
barajustbara · adverbmodifies ökadeökadeincreasedöka · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies fartenfartenspeedfart · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of se- 66
The fox now made off into a forest of great, splendid beeches, and the boy followed without a thought that he might be running into any danger.
Räventhe foxRäven · adverbmodifies begavthis is the definite noun form ('the fox'), not an adverb.
begavmade offbege · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of begavnunownu · adverbmodifies begavininin · adverbdepends on begaviintoi · prepositionpreposition marking skogenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skogskogforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of begavavofav · prepositionpreposition marking bokarstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bokarpräktigasplendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with storabokarbeechesboka · verb, present, indicative, activemodifies skogPlural of the noun 'bok' (beech tree), mistagged as a present-tense verb.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of följdeföljdefollowedfölja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with begavefterafterefter · prepositiondepends on följdeutanwithoututan · prepositionpreposition marking tankeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tanketankethoughttanke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of följdepåofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of löpaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of löpahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of löpakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of löpalöparunlöpa · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying tankenågonanynågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of farafaradangerfara · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of löpasome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
Instead he kept thinking the whole time of how scornfully he had been received by the wild geese the evening before, and he very much wanted to show them that a human being is, after all, a little superior to everything else created.
Däremoton the other handdäremot · adverbmodifies tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktehelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tänktepåaboutpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of blivithurhowhur · adverbmodifies försmädligtförsmädligtscornfullyförsmädlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies blivithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineclause modifying tidenmottagenreceivedmottag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitMislabeled as a noun; mottagen is the past participle of mottaga ("to receive").
avbyav · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies mottagenattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
förrapreviousförra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies kvällenkvälleneveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blivitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of visabravery muchbra · adverbmodifies visagärnavery muchgärna · adverbpart of the phrase braType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
visato showvisa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with tänktedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of visaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förmerenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of människamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förmerändåafter alländå · adverbmodifies förmerärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to förmerliteta littleliten · adverbmodifies förmerthis type bundles the positive and comparative degree forms (litet, mindre) under one entry.
förmersuperiorförm · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on visaComparative of förnämlig ("more excellent"); tagged as a verb here but functions as an adjective.
änthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skapatalltallall · adverbmodifies skapatannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase alltskapatcreatedskapa · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on förmer- 67
He shouted again and again at that dog to make him put down his prey.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropaderopadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegångagaingång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ropadepåagain and againpå · prepositionmodifies ropadegångagaingång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase pååtatåt · prepositionpreposition marking dendeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of ropadedärtheredär · adverbmodifies fåhundendoghund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of fåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fåmakefå · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on denhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of fåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of läggainfinitive marker before a verb.
läggato lay/putlägga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fåifrånfromifrån · prepositiondepends on läggasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of läggabytetpreybyte · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of lägga »What sort of dog are you, not ashamed to steal a whole goose?» he said.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phraseärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to Vadduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Vadförsort offör · prepositionpreposition marking hundenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hundhunddoghund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Vadsomwhosom · pronounsubject of skämsThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies skämsskämsis ashamedskäms · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on hundförofför · prepositionintroduces the clause of stjälaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of stjälainfinitive marker before a verb.
stjälato stealstjäla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skämsenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåshelwholehel · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gåsgåsgoosegås · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of stjälasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade»Put her down at once, or you'll find out what a thrashing you'll get!
Läggputlägga · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencenerdownner · adverbdepends on Lägghenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of Lägggenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies Läggannarsotherwiseannars · adverbmodifies seskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of seduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sefåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to Läggvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of strykstryka beatingstryk · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of seduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of strykfårgetfå · verb, present, indicative, activecomplement of sePut her down, or I'll tell your master how you're carrying on!»
Läggputlägga · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencenerdownner · adverbdepends on Lägghenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of Läggannarsotherwiseannars · adverbmodifies talaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of talajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talatalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to Läggomtellom · prepositiondepends on talaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking husbondenhusbondenmasterhusbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talahurhowhur · adverbmodifies bärduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bärbärcarrying onbä · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on talalemma is really bära ('to carry'); surface bär.
digyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of bäråtonåt · prepositiondepends on bär- 68
When Smirre Fox noticed he was being taken for a dog afraid of a beating, he found it so ridiculous that he nearly dropped the goose.
Dåwhendå · adverbmodifies märkteSmirreSmirresmirre · proper noun, genitivesubject of märkteproper name, kept unglossed/unchanged.
rävfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märktemärktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blevhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of märktetagentakentag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevförforför · prepositionpreposition marking hundenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hundstrykräddafraid of beatingsstrykrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hundhunddoghund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blevfannfoundfinna · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to märktehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fanndettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of fannsåsoså · adverbmodifies löjligtlöjligtridiculouslöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of fannattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of höllhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllhöllnearlyhålla · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of märktepånearlypå · prepositiondepends on höllatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tappainfinitive marker before a verb.
tappadroptappa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of höllgåsengoosegås · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tappa Smirre was a great robber, who was not content with merely hunting rats and voles in the fields, but also ventured up to the farms to steal hens and geese.
SmirreSmirresmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativesubject of storrövareName of Smirre the fox; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a comparative adjective.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to storrövareenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of storrövarestorrövaregreat robberstorrövare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomwhosom · pronounsubject of nöjdeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies nöjdenöjdecontented (oneself)nöjde · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on storrövaresighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of nöjdemedwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of jagaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of jagainfinitive marker before a verb.
barajustbara · adverbmodifies jagajagato huntjaga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on nöjderåttorratsråtta · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of jagaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsorkarvolessorka · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with jagapåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking åkrarnaåkrarnafieldsåkr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sorkarutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
ocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies vågadevågadedaredvåga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with storrövaresighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vågadeframforwardfram · adverbmodifies vågadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking gårdarnagårdarnathe farmsgårdarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of framförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of stjälaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of stjälainfinitive marker before a verb.
stjälato stealstjäla · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying gårdarnahönshenshöns · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of stjälaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgässgeesegäss · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hönsgäss is the plural of gås ('goose'), despite the singular tag.
He knew he was feared throughout the whole district.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fruktadhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fruktadvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to fruktadfruktadfearedfrukta · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of vissteöverthroughoutöver · prepositionpreposition marking traktenhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies traktentraktenregiontrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fruktadNothing so absurd had he heard since he was a little cub.
NågotanythingNågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of galetsåsoså · adverbmodifies galetgaletabsurdgale · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörtintenotinte · particlemodifies hörthörtheardhöra · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hadesedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ungehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ungevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ungelitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ungeungeyoung one/cubung · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on hade- 69
But the boy ran so fast that he felt the thick beeches glide backward past him, and he gained on Smirre.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sprangsprangransprangma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLemma is corrupted; surfaces are only "sprang" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma.
såsoså · adverbmodifies sprangfortfastfort · adverbmodifies sprangattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tycktehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sprangattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gledodetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of bokarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
tjockathicktjock · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bokarnabokarnathe beechesbokarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of gledogledoglidedgledo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralclausal complement of sprangpast plural of glida ('to glide'); mistagged as noun.
baklängesbackwardbaklänge · verb, present, indicative, passivequantifies sprangAdverb 'baklänges' (backward), mistagged as a passive verb.
förbipastförbi · prepositiondepends on baklängeshonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of baklängesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vannvanngainedvann · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sprangpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking SmirreSmirreSmirreSmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativeoblique complement of vannmistagged as a comparative adjective; this is the proper name of the fox character.
At last he was so close to him that he got hold of his tail.
Äntligenat lastÄntligen · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of varsåsoså · adverbmodifies näranäranearnära · adverbmodifies varType lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fickhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickgot holdfå · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of varfattholdfatt · adverbmodifies fickOccurs in the fixed idiom 'få/gripa fatt (i)', 'to get/grab hold (of)'.
iofi · prepositionpreposition marking svansensvansentailsvans · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fick»Now I'll take that goose from you after all,» he shouted, and held on as hard as he could.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies tartartakesta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of targåsengoosegås · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tarifrånfromifrån · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tarändåafter alländå · adverbmodifies tarropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to tarhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhöllheld onhålla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ropadeemotagainstemot · adverbdepends on höllsåasså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies ropadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kundekundecouldkunna · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on mycketBut he did not have strength enough to stop Smirre.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies hadekraftstrengthkraft · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadenogenoughnog · adverbintroduces the clause of hejdaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hejdainfinitive marker before a verb.
hejdato stophejda · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hadeSmirreSmirresmirre · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hejdaThis is the proper name of the fox character, mistagged as a common noun.
The fox dragged him along, so that the dry beech leaves whirled up around him.
Räventhe foxRäven · adverbmodifies rycktethis is the definite noun form ('the fox'), not an adverb.
rycktetuggedrycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of rycktemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of rycktesåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of yrdeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sådetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of boklövettorradrytorr · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies boklövetboklövetbeech leavesboklöv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of yrdeyrdewhirledyra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ryckteomkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of yrde- 70
But now Smirre seemed to have worked out how harmless his pursuer was.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies tycktestycktesseemedtycktes · verb, past, indicativemodifies kommitSmirreSmirreSmirre · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies tycktesProper name of the fox; mistagged as a common noun plural.
hahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceunderfundfigured outunderfund · adverbdepends on kommitonly used in the fixed phrase 'komma underfund med' (to find out/figure out).
medwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of ofarlighurhowhur · adverbmodifies ofarligofarligharmlessofarlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on kommitdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of ofarligvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ofarligsomwhosom · pronounsubject of förföljdeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
förföljdepursuedförföljde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kommithonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of förföljde He stopped, laid the goose down on the ground, and stood on her with his forepaws so she couldn't fly away.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stannadestannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceladelaidlägga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stannadenerdownner · adverbdepends on ladegåsengoosegås · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ladepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ladeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationställdestoodställa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ladesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ställdepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ställdemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking framfötternaframfötternathe front pawsframfötterna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of ställdeförsoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of flygaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase förhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flygaintenotinte · particlemodifies flygaskullecouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flygaflygaflyflyga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stannadesinawaysig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of vägvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of flygaHe was just about to bite through her throat, but before that he couldn't resist teasing the little urchin a bit.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bitaskullewas about toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bitajustjustjust · adverbmodifies bitatillabouttill · prepositionintroduces the clause of bitaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bitainfinitive marker before a verb.
bitato bitebita · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceavthroughav · prepositionpreposition marking strupenhenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies strupenstrupenthroatstrup · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bitamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdessförinnanbefore thatdessförinnan · adverbmodifies låtakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of låtahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låtaintenotinte · particlemodifies låtalåtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with bitablibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låtaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of retasinfinitive marker before a verb.
retasto teasereta · verb, passive, infinitiveadverbial clause on låtaliteta littlelitet · adverbmodifies parvelnmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking parvelnparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of retas»Hurry off and complain to your master, for now I'm going to bite the goose to death!» he said.
Skyndahurryskynda · adjective, nominativehead of the phrasedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of Skyndabortawaybort · adverbmodifies Skyndaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationklagato complainklaga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with Skyndaförforför · prepositionpreposition marking husbondenhusbondenmasterhusbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of klagaförforför · conjunctionintroduces the clause of ihjälnunownu · adverbmodifies biterbiterbitebit · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies jagTwo examples ('biter') are actually the present tense of bita (to bite), mixed in under this noun key.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive ihjälihjälto deathihjäl · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on Skyndagåsengoosegås · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ihjälsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade- 71
The one who was astonished, when he saw what a pointed muzzle and heard what a hoarse, angry voice this dog he'd been chasing had, was certainly the boy.
Deniten · pronoun, common gender, singulardeterminer of hundensomwhosom · pronounsubject of blevThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
blevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Denförvånadastonishedförvånad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of såghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blevpast tense of se, 'to see.'
vilkenwhatvilken · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of nosspetsigpointedspetsig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies nosnosmuzzlenos · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sågvilkenwhatvilken · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hesheshoarsehes · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of hördeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationargangryarg · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies röströstvoiceröst · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on Dendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hundenhundendoghund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesomthatsom · pronoundirect object of förföljtThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förföljthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förföljtförföljtpursuedförfölja · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hadedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies hadevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to detalltallall · adverbmodifies pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of det But he grew so annoyed that the fox was making a fool of him that he had no thought of being afraid.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies förargadförargadannoyedförargad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies blevöverthatöver · prepositionintroduces the clause of gjordeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gjorderävenfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blevnarrfoolnarr · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gjorde'göra narr av' = 'to make a fool of/mock'.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gjordeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tänktehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkteintenotinte · particlemodifies tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blevpåofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of bliatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bliinfinitive marker before a verb.
blibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tänkteräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bliHe gripped the tail more firmly, braced his foot against a beech root, and just as the fox held his jaws over the goose's throat, he gave a great yank with all his might.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of grepgrepgripped/seizedgrepa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast tense (grep) of gripa, an older strong-verb spelling.
fastaremore firmlyfastare · adverbdirect object of grepomaroundom · prepositionpreposition marking svansensvansentailsvans · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of greptogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with grepspänntaga bracing footholdspänntag · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of togmotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking bokrotenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bokrotbokrotbeech rootbokrot · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of togochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjustjustjust · adverbmodifies höllsomassom · subordinating conjunctionoblique complement of höllrävenfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllhöllheldhålla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with toggapetjawsgap · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of höllöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking strupegåsensthe goose'sgås · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of strupestrupethroatstrupe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of höllrycktetuggedrycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with grephanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rycktetillsuddenlytill · prepositiondepends on rycktealltallall · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of vadvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of förmåddehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förmåddeförmåddewith all his mightförmådde · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ryckteSmirre was so surprised that he let himself be dragged backward a couple of steps, and the wild goose broke free.
SmirreSmirresmirre · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of blevThis is the proper name of the fox character, mistagged as a common noun.
blevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies överraskadöverraskadsurprisedöverraska · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of läthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lätlätletlät · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blevsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of lätdrasbe draggeddra · verb, present, indicative, passivecomplement of lätbaklängesbackwardbaklänge · verb, present, indicative, passivecomplement of drasAdverb 'baklänges' (backward), mistagged as a passive verb.
ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies stegstegstepssteg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcomplement of drasochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvildgåsenthe wild goosevildgåse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blevfrifreefri · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevShe flapped heavily upward.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flaxadeflaxadeflappedflaxa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetungtheavilytung · adverbmodifies uppåtuppåtupwarduppåt · adverbmodifies flaxadeOne of her wings was injured, so that she could scarcely use it, and besides that, she could see nothing in the dark of the forest at night, being as helpless as a blind creature.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaone ofena · adjective, nominativemodifies vingenvingenwingving · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadesåradinjuredsåra · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of hadesåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of brukaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brukaknappasthardlyknappast · adverbmodifies brukakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of brukabrukausebruka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hadeFirst example ('hon knappast kunde bruka den' = 'she could scarcely use it', of an injured wing) is the sense 'to use', which was missing from the senses list.
deniten · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of brukaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärtillbesidesdärtill · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of såghonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on komiini · prepositionpreposition marking nattmörkretnattmörkretnight darknessnattmörkr · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sågiini · prepositionpreposition marking skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sågutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
varwasvara · adverbcopula linking to hjälplösThis is the past tense "var" of vara ("to be"), not an adverb; the parser mistagged it.
såasså · adverbmodifies hjälplöshjälplöshelplesshjälplös · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on komsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blindenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of blindblindblindblind · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on hjälplösSo she could not help the boy in any way, but sought her way up through a hole in the canopy of branches and flew back down to the lake.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hjälpakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hjälpadärförsodärför · adverbmodifies hjälpaintenotinte · particlemodifies hjälpahjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälpapåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättnågotanynågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hjälpautanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of söktesöktemadesöka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hjälpasigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sökteuppupupp · adverbmodifies söktegenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking hålettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of hålhålholehål · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sökteiini · prepositionpreposition marking grentaketgrentaketcanopy of branchesgrentak · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hålochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationflögflewflög · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sökteActually the past tense of flyga ('to fly'), mistagged here as present.
nerdownner · adverbmodifies flögtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flögigenagainigen · adverbdepends on flög- 72
But Smirre lunged at the boy.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationSmirreSmirresmirre · proper noun, genitivesubject of kastadeproper name, kept unglossed/unchanged.
kastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kastademotatmot · prepositionpreposition marking pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kastade »If I can't have the one, then I'll surely have the other,» he said, and one could hear from his voice how furious he was.
Fårcan'tfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activedepends on hajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Fårintenotinte · particlemodifies Fårdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of enaenaoneena · adjective, nominativedirect object of Fårsåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on haskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of havälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andraandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singulardirect object of hasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to hahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of passive hördeshördeswas heardhör · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with haPassive past of höra, surface hördes.
påbypå · prepositionpreposition marking röstenröstenvoiceröst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hördeshurhowhur · adverbmodifies ondondfuriousond · adjective, nominativedepends on hördesond usually means 'angry/furious' in these contexts, but can mean 'evil' elsewhere.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ondvarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularcopula linking to ondthe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
— »No, don't you believe you'll get that,» said the boy, quite elated because he had saved the goose.
Nejnonej · interjectiondepends on trodetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of troskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of troduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trointenotinte · particlemodifies trotrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fårduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fårfårgetfå · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of trosadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tropojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to upprymdheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies upprymdupprymdelatedupprymd · adjective, nominativecoordinated with sadedärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of räddatattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därförhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räddathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of räddaträddatsavedrädda · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on upprymdgåsengoosegås · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of räddatHe kept holding fast to the fox's tail and swung it over to the other side whenever the fox tried to catch him.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllhöllkept holdinghålla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of höllalltjämtstillalltjämt · adverbmodifies höllfastfastfast · adverbdepends on höllitoi · prepositionpreposition marking rävsvansenrävsvansenthe fox's tailrävsvanse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of höllochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsvängdeswungsvängde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with höllmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sidandenaen · determiner, common gender, singularpart of the phrase medöveroveröver · adverbpart of the phrase medåttoåt · prepositionpart of the phrase medandraothertvå · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sidanSurface "andra" here means "other," not "two" — a lemma/tag mismatch in the source data.
sidansidesida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of svängdenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of försökteräventhe foxräven · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försökteförsöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on höllfångato catchfånga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försöktehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of fånga- 73
It turned into a dance in the forest, so that the beech leaves whirled.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dansdansdancedans · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bleviini · prepositionpreposition marking skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies danssåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of yrdeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såboklövetbeech leavesboklöv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of yrdeyrdewhirledyrde · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blev Smirre spun round and round, but the tail swung too, and the boy held fast to it, so the fox could not seize him.
SmirreSmirreSmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativesubject of svängdemistagged as a comparative adjective; this is the proper name of the fox character.
svängdeswungsvänga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceruntaroundrunt · adverbmodifies svängderuntaroundrunt · adverbmodifies svängdemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsvansentailsvans · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svängdesvängdeswungsvängde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with svängdeocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies svängdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllhöllheld fasthålla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with svängdesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of höllfastfastfast · adverbmodifies höllitoi · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of höllsåsoså · adverbmodifies gripaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sårävenfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase såintenotinte · particlemodifies gripakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gripagripaseizegripa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on höllhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of gripa- 74
The boy was so merry after his success that at first he only laughed and made fun of the fox, but Smirre was persistent, as old hunters tend to be, and the boy began to fear that he would be caught in the end.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of muntervarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies Pojkensåsoså · adverbmodifies muntermuntermerrymunt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraseMislabeled as a plural noun; munter is the adjective "cheerful/merry" (common gender singular).
efterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking framgångenframgångensuccessframgång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of munterattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skrattadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skrattadetillat firsttill · prepositionpreposition marking börjanenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of börjanbörjanbeginningbörjan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skrattadebarajustbara · adverbmodifies skrattadeskrattadelaughedskratta · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of munterochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with skrattadenarrfoolnarr · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gjorde'göra narr av' = 'to make a fool of/mock'.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking rävenrävenfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gjordemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationSmirreSmirreSmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativesubject of ihärdigmistagged as a comparative adjective; this is the proper name of the fox character.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ihärdigihärdigpersistentihärdig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with skrattadesomassom · pronounsubject of brukaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
gamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies brukajägarehuntersjägare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of brukabrukatend tobruka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with ihärdigFirst example ('hon knappast kunde bruka den' = 'she could scarcely use it', of an injured wing) is the sense 'to use', which was missing from the senses list.
varabevara · verb, active, infinitivemodifies ihärdigochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with munterfruktato fearfrukta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blihanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bliskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of fruktafastcaughtfast · adverbdepends on blitillin the endtill · prepositionmodifies blisistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase till - 75
Then he caught sight of a young beech sapling, which had shot up as slender as a stick, soon to reach the open air above the canopy that the old beeches spread out over it.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies fickfickcaught sightfå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ficksynsightsyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking ungbokenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ungboklitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ungbokungbokyoung beechungbok · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ficksomwhichsom · pronounsubject of skjutitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skjutitskjutitshot upskjutit · verb, active, supinerelative clause on ungbokch16-p5-s1 'skjutit till spjället' = 'closed the damper' — this is the separable-verb idiom 'skjuta till' (push shut), not 'to shoot'.
iupi · prepositionpreposition marking höjdenhöjdenheighthöjd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skjutitsåasså · adverbmodifies smalsmalnarrowsmal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on skjutitsomassom · prepositionintroduces the clause of stickaFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stickastickasticksticka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on smalförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of nåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of nåinfinitive marker before a verb.
snartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies nånåto reachnå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stickauppupupp · adverbdepends on nåiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking luftenfriafreefri · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nåovanaboveovan · adverbmodifies grentaketAlso occurs meaning 'unaccustomed' (ovan att flyga = unused to flying), a distinct sense from locative 'above'.
grentaketcanopy of branchesgrentak · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies luftensomwhichsom · pronoundirect object of breddeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of bokarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
gamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bokarnabokarnabeechesbok · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of breddeTwo distinct lemmas ('bok' = beech, 'bok' = book) share this surface form; the plural bokarna means beeches while böcker means books.
breddespread outbreddema · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on luftenutoutut · adverbdepends on breddeöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of bredde He let go of the fox's tail all at once and climbed up the sapling.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of släpptesläpptelet gosläppa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies hastigthastigtquicklyhastig · adverbmodifies släpptetagetholdtagen · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of släppteomofom · prepositionpreposition marking rävsvansenrävsvansenthe fox's tailrävsvanse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of släppteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationklättradeclimbedklättra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with rävsvansenuppförupuppför · prepositionpreposition marking bokenbokenbookbok · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of klättradeSmirre Fox was so eager that he kept on dancing after the tail for a good while longer.
SmirreSmirreSmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies rävmistagged as a comparative adjective; this is the proper name of the fox character.
rävfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ivrigvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ivrigsåsoså · adverbmodifies ivrigivrigeagerivrig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fortforhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fortforfortforwent onfortfor · adverbadverbial clause on ivrigMistagged as adverb; this is the past tense of the verb 'fortfara', meaning 'continued/went on'.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of dansainfinitive marker before a verb.
dansadancedansa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of fortforruntaroundrunt · adverbdepends on dansaefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking svansensvansentailsvans · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of runtenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundlånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of dansa»Don't bother dancing anymore!» said the boy.
Brybotherbry · proper noun, nominativehead of the phrasedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardepends on Bryintenotinte · particlemodifies dansaomaboutom · prepositionintroduces the clause of dansaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of dansainfinitive marker before a verb.
dansadancedansa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencelängreanymorelänge · adverbmodifies dansasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade- 76
But Smirre could not bear the humiliation of failing to master such a small urchin, and he lay down at the foot of the tree to wait him out.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationSmirreSmirresmirre · proper noun, genitivesubject of ståproper name, kept unglossed/unchanged.
kundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ståintenotinte · particlemodifies ståståstandstå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceutbearut · adverbdepends on ståmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking smälekendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of smälekensmälekenthe humiliationsmälek · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ståatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
intenotinte · particlemodifies fåfåmasterfå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on ståmaktpowermakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking parvelenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of parvelsåsuchså · adverbmodifies litenlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies parvelparvellittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ladeladelay downla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stå"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ladenedanförbelownedanför · prepositionpreposition marking trädetträdetthe treeträde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ladelemma should be 'träd'; surface 'trädet' means 'the tree'.
förin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of vaktaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vaktainfinitive marker before a verb.
vaktato guardvakta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on ladeutoutut · adverbdepends on vaktahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of vakta - 77
The boy was not at all comfortable, sitting there astride a weak branch.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeintenotinte · particlemodifies hadeförtooför · prepositionmodifies hadegottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase fördärtheredär · adverbmodifies satthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hadeochandoch · conjunctiondepends on sattredrodered · proper noun, nominativedirect object of sattPast tense of 'rida' (to ride), mistagged as a proper noun.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking grenenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of grensvagweaksvag · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies grengrenbranchgren · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of satt The sapling did not yet reach up to the high vault of branches.
Ungbokenthe young beechUngboken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of nåddenåddereachednå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceännuyetännu · adverbmodifies nåddeintenotinte · particlemodifies nåddeuppupupp · adverbdepends on nåddetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking grenvalvetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of grenvalvethögahighhög · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies grenvalvetgrenvalvetthe branch vaultgrenvalv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of nåddeHe could not get across to another tree, and he dared not go down to the ground.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies kommakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceöveroveröver · adverbdepends on kommatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking trädettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of trädannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies trädträdtreeträd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies vågadevågadedaredvåga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kommahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vågadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vågadenerdownner · adverbmodifies vågadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ner- 78
He was so cold that he was on the verge of stiffening and letting go of the branch, and he was terribly sleepy, but he dared not fall asleep for fear he would tumble down.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frösfröswas freezingfrös · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies frösattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of höllhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllhöllwas on the vergehålla · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fröspåon the verge ofpå · prepositiondepends on höllatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of stelnainfinitive marker before a verb.
stelnastiffeningstelna · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on höllochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsläppato let go ofsläppa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with stelnatagetholdtagen · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase stelnaomofom · prepositionpreposition marking grenengrenenbranchgren · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stelnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sömnigvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to sömnigförfärligtterriblyförfärlig · adverbmodifies sömnigsömnigsleepysömnig · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with frösmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive tordestordesdaredtor · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with sömnigtordes is the archaic past tense of töras/tordas ("to dare").
intenotinte · particlemodifies somnasomnato fall asleepsomna · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tordesavforav · prepositionpreposition marking fruktanfruktanfearfruktan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tordesförofför · prepositionintroduces the clause of ramlaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase förhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ramlaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ramlaramlato tumbleramla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tordesnerdownner · adverbdepends on ramla - 79
It was unbelievably eerie to sit there like that at night out in the forest.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with otroligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to otroligtotroligtunbelievableotrolig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesåhowså · adverbmodifies kusligtkusligteeriekuslig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies otroligtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with otroligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeoblique complement of otroligtatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sittainfinitive marker before a verb.
sittato sitsitta · verb, active, infinitivedepends on otroligtsålike thatså · adverbmodifies sittadärtheredär · adverbmodifies sittanattetidat nightnattetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sittauteoutsideute · adverbmodifies sittaiini · prepositionpreposition marking skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ute He had never before known what it meant for it to be night.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vetataldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies vetatförrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies vetatvetatknownveta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sägadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sägavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of vetatattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activedeterminer of nattnattnightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of vetatIt was as if the whole world had turned to stone and could never come to life again.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of blivitvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to blivitsomas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of blivitomifom · prepositionintroduces the clause of blivithelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies världenvärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceförstenadturned to stoneförstenad · verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominativecomplement of blivitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies kommameragainmycket · adverbmodifies kommakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with blivittillto lifetill · prepositionpreposition marking livlivlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of komma- 80
Then day began to break, and the boy was glad, because everything became itself again, though the cold felt even sharper than before during the night.
Såthenså · adverbmodifies börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of börjadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of dagasinfinitive marker before a verb.
dagasgrow lightdaga · verb, passive, infinitiveoblique complement of börjadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with börjadegladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevdärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of blevattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därföralltingeverythingallting · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blevsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of blevliktitselflikt · adverbcomplement of blevigenagainigen · adverbpart of the phrase liktfastthoughfast · adverbmodifies kändesköldencoldköld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändeskändesfeltkändes · verb, past, indicativeadverbial clause on blevännuevenännu · adverbmodifies vassarevassaresharpervass · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of kändesänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förutförutbeforeförut · adverbadverbial clause on kändesunderduringunder · prepositionpreposition marking nattennattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kändes - 81
When the sun at last rose, it was not yellow, but red.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stegsolensunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stegäntligenfinallyäntligen · adverbmodifies stegstegrosestiga · noun, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on gulThe parser conflates the past tense 'steg' of 'stiga' with the plural noun 'steg' ('steps').
uppupupp · adverbdepends on stegvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to guldenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of gulintenotinte · particlemodifies gulgulyellowgul · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseutanwithoututan · prepositionpreposition marking rödrödredröd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with gul The boy thought it looked as though it were angry, and he wondered what it was angry about.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of tycktepast tense of se, 'to see.'
utlookut · adverbdepends on sågsomas thoughsom · pronounintroduces the clause of ondThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of onddenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of ondvorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to ondondangryond · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on tycktethis is the adjective ond meaning 'angry' in this idiom (bli ond), not a numeral.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undradeundradewonderedundra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ondvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of onddenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of ondvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ondondangryond · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of undradethis is the adjective ond meaning 'angry' in this idiom (bli ond), not a numeral.
föraboutför · prepositionpreposition marking ondPerhaps it was because the night had made things so cold and dreary on the earth while the sun had been gone.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies vardärförbecausedärför · adverbmodifies varattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gjortnattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjorthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjortgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supineclausal complement of vardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of gjortsåsoså · adverbmodifies kalltkalltcoldkall · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies gjortochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdystertdrearydystert · adverbcoordinated with kalltpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking jordenjordenearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kalltmedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varitsolensunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on varbortagoneborta · adverbmodifies varit- 82
The sunbeams shot forth in great bundles to see what the night had been up to, and it showed how everything blushed, as if it had a guilty conscience.
Solstrålarnathe sunbeamsSolstrålarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of jagadejagadechasedjaga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceframforwardfram · adverbdepends on jagadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking knippenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies knippenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
knippenbundlesknipp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of jagadeförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of seatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on jagadevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of ställtnattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ställthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ställtställtput/placedställa · verb, active, supineclausal complement of setillup totill · prepositiondepends on ställtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with syntessyntescould be seensyntes · verb, past, indicativecoordinated with jagadehurhowhur · adverbmodifies rodnadeallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of tingtingthingsting · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of rodnaderodnadeblushedrodna · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on syntessomas ifsom · pronounsubject of haftThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of haftdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hafthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on rodnadedåligtbaddålig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies samvetesamveteconsciencesamvete · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of haft The clouds in the sky, the silken-smooth beech trunks, the forest canopy's small interlaced branches, the hoarfrost that covered the beech leaves on the ground — all blazed up and turned red.
Skyarnathe cloudsSkyarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of flammadepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking himlenhimlenskyhiml · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Skyarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of bokstammarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
sidenglattasilken-smoothsidenglatt · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bokstammarnabokstammarnathe beech trunksbokstammarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Skyarnaskogstaketsthe forest canopy'sskogstak · noun, genitive, neuter, singularpossessor of grenarsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies grenarsammanflätadeinterlacedsammanflätad · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies grenargrenarbranchesgren · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Skyarnarimfrostenthe hoarfrostrimfrost · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Skyarnasomthatsom · pronounsubject of täckteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
täcktecoveredtäcka · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on rimfrostenboklövetbeech leavesboklöv · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of täcktepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of täcktealltallallt · adverbmodifies flammadeflammadeblazedflamma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceuppupupp · adverbdepends on flammadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with flammaderöttredrött · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of blev- 83
But more and more bundles of light shot through the air, and soon all the night's dreadfulness was driven away.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationflermorefler · pronoun, pluralsubject of jagadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationflermorefler · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with flerstrålknippenbundles of lightstrålknipp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of flerjagadechasedjaga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking rymdenrymdenairrymd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of jagadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with jagadeallallall · determiner, common gender, singularpart of the phrase varnattensnight'snatt · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of hemskhethemskhetdreadfulnesshemskhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase varbortdrivendriven awaybortdriven · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on var The turning-to-stone was gone, and remarkably much living thing came forth.
Försteningenturning to stoneförstening · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebortagoneborta · adverbdepends on varochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with varframforwardfram · adverbdepends on komsåremarkablyså · adverbmodifies märkvärdigtmärkvärdigtremarkablymärkvärdig · adverbmodifies levandemycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies levandelevandelivinglevande · adjective, nominativecomplement of komThe black woodpecker with the red nape began hammering its beak against a tree trunk.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of spillkråkansvartablacksvart · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies spillkråkanspillkråkanthe black woodpeckerspillkråka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking nackendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of nackenrödaredröd · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies nackennackenthe necknack · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies spillkråkanMislabeled as plural; nacken is the definite singular of nacke ("the neck").
börjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehamrahammerhamra · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of börjademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking näbbennäbbenbeaknäbb · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of börjademotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking trädstamenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of trädstamträdstamtree trunkträdstam · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of börjadeThe squirrel darted out of its hole with a nut, sat down on a branch, and began to peel the nut.
Ekorrenthe squirrelEkorren · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kiladekiladedartedkila · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceurout ofur · adverbdepends on kiladeFunctions as a preposition ('out of / from'), mistagged as an adverb.
sitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of bopossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
boto livebo · verb, active, infinitivedirect object of kilade"To dwell/live"; not to be confused with bo, "nest".
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking nötenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of nötnötnutnöt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kiladesattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kiladepast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
sigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sattepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking grenenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of grengrenbranchgren · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of satteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with satteskalato peelskala · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies nötennötennutnöt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of börjadeThe starling came flying with a root fiber, and the chaffinch sang in the treetop.
Starenstarlingstare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceflygandeflyingflyga · adjective, nominativedirect object of kommedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking rottågaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rottågarottågaroot fiberrottåga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbofinkenthe chaffinchbofink · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sjöngsjöngsangsjöng · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with komiini · prepositionmodifies sjöngträdtoppenthe treetopträdtopp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase i- 84
Then the boy understood that the sun had said to all these little creatures: »Wake up now, and come out of your dens!
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies förstodförstodunderstoodförstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstodattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sagtsolensunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sagthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagtsagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supineclause modifying pojkentilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking småttingarallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of småttingardessathesedenna · determiner, pluraldeterminer of småttingarsmåttingarlittle creaturessmåtting · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sagtVaknawake upVakna · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasenunownu · adverbmodifies Vaknaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with Vaknautoutut · adverbdepends on komurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking bonerayourera · pronoun, pluralpossessor of bonbonnestsbo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of kom Now I am here.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärhärherehär · adverbmodifies ärNow you need not be afraid of anything.»
Nunownu · adverbmodifies räddabehöverneedsbehöva · verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of räddaniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räddasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
intenotinte · particlemodifies räddavarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to räddaräddaafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseförofför · prepositionpreposition marking någotnågotanythingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of rädda- 85
From the lake came the cries of the wild geese as they got themselves ready for flight.
Frånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hördeshördeswas heardhör · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentencePassive past of höra, surface hördes.
vildgässenswild geese'svildgäss · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of ropsurface 'vildgässens' is plural genitive (of the wild geese) despite the singular tag.
ropcryrop · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of passive hördesnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ordnadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ordnadeordnadearrangedordna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hördessigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ordnadeförforför · prepositionpreposition marking flyktenflyktenflightflykt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ordnade Shortly after, all fourteen geese came flying over the forest.
Straxshortlystrax · adverbmodifies kommodärpåthen/after thatdärpå · adverbmodifies kommokommocamekommo · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemistagged as an auxiliary/infinitive; it is the historical plural past tense of 'komma' (to come).
allaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fjortonfjortonfourteenfjorton · numeral, nominativesubject of kommogässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kommogässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
flygandeflyingflyga · adjective, nominativecomplement of kommoöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommoThe boy tried to call out to them, but they flew so high up that his voice could not reach them.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försökteförsöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceropato call outropa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försöktetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of ropamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of flögoflögoflewflögo · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with försöktePast plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense.
såsoså · adverbmodifies högthögthighhög · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies flögouppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies flögoattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of nåhanshishan · pronounpossessor of röströstvoiceröst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of nåintenotinte · particlemodifies nåkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of nånåto reachnå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on flögodemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of nåThey probably thought the fox had eaten him up long since.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of troddetroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevälprobablyväl · adverbmodifies troddeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ätiträvenfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ätithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ätitätiteatenäta · verb, active, supineclausal complement of troddeuppupupp · adverbdepends on ätithonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of ätitförlong agoför · prepositionmodifies ätitlängesedanlong agolängesedan · adverbpart of the phrase förThey didn't even bother to search for him.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of bryddebryddecaredbrydde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceOccurs mainly in the reflexive idiom 'brydde sig om' meaning 'cared about/bothered'.
sigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bryddeintenotinte · particlemodifies bryddeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångevengång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of bryddeomtoom · prepositionintroduces the clause of sökaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sökainfinitive marker before a verb.
sökasearchsöka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on bryddeefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of söka- 86
The boy was on the verge of weeping from anguish, but the sun now stood in the sky golden-yellow and glad, and put courage into the whole world.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenäraon the vergenära · adjective, nominativepart of the phrase varatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gråtainfinitive marker before a verb.
gråtato crygråta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on varavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking ångestångestanguishångest · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gråtamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsolensunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with varnunownu · adverbmodifies stodpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking himmelenhimmelenskyhimmel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodguldgulgolden-yellowguldgul · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with guldgulochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodpast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
modcouragemod · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of satteiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking världenhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies världenvärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of satte »It's not worth it, Nils Holgersson, for you to be anxious or troubled about anything, so long as I exist,» said the sun.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies värtärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to värtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of värtvärtworthvärd · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilsattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ängsligduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ängsligärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to ängsligängsliganxiousängslig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying Nilselleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationoroligtroubledorolig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ängsligföraboutför · prepositionpreposition marking någotnågotanythingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of ängsligsåasså · adverbmodifies längelängeso long aslänge · adverbcoordinated with Nilssomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of finnsjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finnsfinnsexistsfinnas · verb, present, indicativerelative clause on Nilssadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to värtsolensunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade- 87
Everything remained unchanged in the forest for about as long as it takes a goose to eat its breakfast, but just as morning was turning into midday, a solitary wild goose came flying beneath the dense canopy.
AllteverythingAllt · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies förblevförblevremainedförblev · verb, present, indicative, passivepassive auxiliary of oförändratoförändratunchangedoförändrad · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseiini · prepositionpreposition marking skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of oförändratsåasså · adverbmodifies långlånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of oförändratungefärapproximatelyungefär · adverbmodifies oförändratsomassom · pronounsubject of behöverThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåsgåsgoosegås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of behöverbehöverneedsbehöva · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on oförändratförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of ätaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ätainfinitive marker before a verb.
ätaeatäta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on behöversitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of frukostmålpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
frukostmålbreakfastfrukostmål · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of ätamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjustjustjust · adverbmodifies höllsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of höllmorgonenmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllhöllwashålla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with oförändratpåin progresspå · prepositiondepends on höllatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of övergåinfinitive marker before a verb.
övergåturn intoövergå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hölltillintotill · prepositionpreposition marking förmiddagförmiddagmorningförmiddag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of övergåkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vildgåsensamaloneensam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vildgåsvildgåswild goosevildgås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies flygandeflygandeflyingflyga · adjective, nominativesubject of komunderbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking grentaketdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of grentakettätadensetät · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies grentaketgrentaketcanopy of branchesgrentak · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kom She felt her way forward hesitantly between trunks and branches and flew very slowly.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of letadeletadesearchedleta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of letadetveksamthesitantlytveksam · adverbcomplement of letadeframåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies letademellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking stammarstammartrunksstamme · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of letadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgrenarbranchesgren · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with stammarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationflögflewflög · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with letademycketverymycket · adverbmodifies saktasaktaslowlysakta · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of flögFunctions adverbially ('slowly') though tagged as an adjective form.
As soon as Smirre Fox saw her, he left his place beneath the sapling and crept toward her.
Såasså · adverblinks the coordinationsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies Såsomassom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking SmirreSmirreSmirreSmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativeoblique complement of sågmistagged as a comparative adjective; this is the proper name of the fox character.
rävfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on lämnadepast tense of se, 'to see.'
henneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of såglämnadeleftlämna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lämnadesinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of platsplatsplaceplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lämnadeunderbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking ungbokenungbokenyoung beechungbok · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lämnadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmögcreptsmöga · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with lämnadeTagged as a noun but is 'smög', the past tense of 'smyga', crept/slipped.
emottowardemot · prepositiondepends on smöghenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of smögThe wild goose did not avoid the fox, but flew rather close to him.
Vildgåsenthe wild goosevildgåsen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undvekundvekavoidedundvek · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies undvekrävenfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of undvekutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
flögflewflög · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with undvekActually the past tense of flyga ('to fly'), mistagged here as present.
ganskaquiteganska · adverbmodifies näranäraclosenära · adjective, nominativemodifies honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of flögSmirre made a high leap after her, but missed her, and the goose flew on down toward the lake.
SmirreSmirreSmirre · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of gjordeProper name of the fox; mistagged as a common noun plural.
gjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of språnghögthighhög · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies språngsprångleapsprång · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gjordeefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies språngmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förfeladeförfelademissedförfela · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gjordehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of förfeladeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgåsengoosegås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with förfeladeforflewfor · prepositionmodifies nerPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
vidarefurthervidare · adverbpart of the phrase fornerdownner · adverbmodifies gåsenmottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ner- 88
It was not long before another wild goose came flying.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with dröjdedröjdewas long in comingdröj · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceIdiomatic: "det dröjde inte länge" = "it was not long before."
intenotinte · particlemodifies dröjdelängelonglänge · adverbmodifies dröjdeförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies vildgåsused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vildgåsnynewny · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vildgåsvildgåswild goosevildgås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to dröjdeflygandeflyingflyga · adjective, nominativedirect object of kom She took the same path as the first and flew even lower and slower.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of vägvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of togsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of flögdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of förstaförstafirsten · adjective, nominativesubject of flögsurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationflögflewflög · verb, past, indicative, activeclause modifying vägännuevenännu · adverbmodifies lägrelägrelowerlåg · adjective, nominative, comparativedirect object of flögochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlångsammareslowerlångsamm · adjective, nominative, comparativecoordinated with lägreShe too flew close past Smirre Fox, and he made so high a leap after her that his ears brushed her feet, but she escaped him unharmed and continued silent as a shadow on her way toward the lake.
Ocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies honhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordeforflewfor · prepositionpreposition marking rävPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
tättclosetätt · adverbmodifies förbiförbipastförbi · adverbpreposition marking rävSmirreSmirresmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativepossessor of rävName of Smirre the fox; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a comparative adjective.
rävfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with honochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of språngsåsoså · adverbmodifies högthögthighhög · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies språngsprångleapsprång · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gjordeefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies språngattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of snuddadehanshishan · pronounpossessor of öronöronearsöro · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of snuddadeThe lemma is a parser error; the surface öron is the plural of öra.
snuddadegrazedsnudda · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying språngvidagainstvid · prepositionpreposition marking fötterhennesherhon · pronounpossessor of fötterpossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
fötterfeetfött · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of snuddadeSurface 'fötter/fötterna' (feet) of 'fot'; lemma is a spelling artifact.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undkomundkomescapedundkom · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gjordehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of undkomoskaddunharmedoskadd · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of undkomFunctions as an adjective ('unharmed'), though the backbone tags it as a noun.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfortsattecontinuedfortsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with undkomtystquiettyst · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of fortsattesomassom · prepositionintroduces the clause of skuggaFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skuggaskuggashadowskugga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of fortsattesinhersig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of vägvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fortsattemottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies väg- 89
A little while passed, and again a wild goose came.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationåterigenagainåterig · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies komThis is the adverb återigen 'again', mistagged as a noun.
komcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vildgåsvildgåswild goosevildgås · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kom Still lower and slower she flew, still harder she seemed to find it to feel her way between the beech trunks.
Ännustillännu · adverbmodifies lägrelägrelowerlåg · adjective, nominative, comparativesubject of flögochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlångsammaremore slowlylångsamm · adverbcoordinated with lägreflögflewflög · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceActually the past tense of flyga ('to fly'), mistagged here as present.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flögännustillännu · adverbmodifies svåraresvårarehardersvår · adverbmodifies tycktesThis type bundles the positive 'svårt' and the comparative 'svårare' under one gloss; ch02-p89-s2 'ännu svårare' means 'still harder', not just 'difficult'.
tycktesseemedtycktes · verb, past, indicativeparallel clause to flöghonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckteshato haveha · verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of letaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of letainfinitive marker before a verb.
letato searchleta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on flögsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of letaframforwardfram · adverbmodifies letamellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking bokstammarnabokstammarnathe beech trunksbokstammarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of framSmirre made a tremendous leap, and it was only a hair's breadth that he failed to seize her, but this goose too saved herself.
SmirreSmirreSmirre · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of gjordeProper name of the fox; mistagged as a common noun plural.
gjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of hoppväldigttremendousväldig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hopphoppleaphopp · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gjordeTwo distinct homonyms share the spelling hopp: 'leap' and 'hope.'
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of passive feladesfeladeswas lackingfela · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with gjordebarajustbara · adverbmodifies feladesenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hårsmånhårsmåna hair's breadthhårsmån · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive feladesifromi · prepositionintroduces the clause of gripitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gripithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gripithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gripitgripitseizedgripia · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on feladeshenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of gripitmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies gåsendennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåsengåsengoosegås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räddaderäddadesavedrädda · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with feladessigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of räddade- 90
Just after she had vanished, a fourth wild goose came.
Straxjuststrax · adverbmodifies försvunnitefterafterefter · prepositionintroduces the clause of försvunnitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of försvunnithonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försvunnithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of försvunnitförsvunnitvanishedförsvunnit · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vildgåsfjärdefourthfyra · adjective, nominativemodifies vildgåsthe ordinal fjärde, listed under the lemma fyra (four).
vildgåswild goosevildgås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kom Although she flew so slowly and poorly that Smirre reckoned he could catch her without particular difficulty, he was now afraid of failing and intended to let her fly past untouched.
Fastänalthoughfastän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of flöghonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flögflögflewflög · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on räddsåsoså · adverbmodifies långsamtlångsamtslowlylångsam · adverbmodifies flögochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationillabadlyilla · adjective, nominativecoordinated with långsamtattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ansågSmirreSmirreSmirre · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of ansågProper name of the fox; mistagged as a common noun plural.
ansågconsideredanse · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on flögsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ansågkunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of fångafångato catchfånga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of ansåghenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of fångautanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
särdelesespeciallysärdeles · adverbcoordinated with ansågstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies svårighetsvårighetdifficultysvårighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of särdelesvarwasvara · determiner, common gender, singularcopula linking to räddmistagged as a determiner; the surface 'var' here is the past tense of vara 'to be'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räddnunownu · adverbmodifies räddräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of misslyckasinfinitive marker before a verb.
misslyckasfailmisslyckas · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on räddochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationämnadeintendedämnad · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with misslyckaslåtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with räddhenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of låtaflygaflyflyga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låtaförbipastförbi · adverbdepends on flygaoantastadunmolestedoantastad · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of flygaBut she took the same path as the others, and just as she came right over Smirre, she dropped so low that he was tempted into leaping after her.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of vägvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of togsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of andradethede · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andraThis type's own examples show 'de' used as the plain personal pronoun "they" (de voro ovanligt strävsamma = "they were unusually...") as often as the determiner "the" (de andra = "the others"); a fixed gloss of "the" mis-renders every pronoun occurrence.
andraothersannan · pronoun, pluralclause modifying vägochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjustjustjust · adverbmodifies kommitdåasdå · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommithonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinecoordinated with togmittöverright acrossmittöver · noun, nominative, common gender, singularlinks the coordinationFunctions as an adverb/preposition meaning 'straight across from' or 'right over'.
SmirreSmirresmirre · proper noun, nominativedepends on kommitproper name, kept unglossed/unchanged.
sänkteloweredsänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with toghonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sänktesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sänktesåsoså · adverbmodifies djuptdjuptdeeplydjup · adverbmodifies sänkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förleddeshanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive förleddesförleddeswas temptedförled · verb, past, indicative, passiveadverbial clause on sänkteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hoppainfinitive marker before a verb.
hoppajumphoppa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on förleddesefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hoppaHe reached so high that he touched her with his paw, but she flung herself quickly aside and saved her life.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of nåddenåddereachednådde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies högthögthighhög · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies nåddeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of rördehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rörderördetouchedröra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on nåddevidagainstvid · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rördemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking tassentassenthe pawtass · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rördemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kastadekastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with rördesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of kastaderasktbrisklyrask · adverbmodifies kastadeåtasideåt · prepositiondepends on kastadesidanasidesida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase åtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbärgadesavedbärga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kastadesitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of livpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
livlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of bärgade- 91
Before Smirre had caught his breath, three geese appeared in a row.
Innanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of flämtatSmirreSmirresmirre · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of flämtatThis is the proper name of the fox character, mistagged as a common noun.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flämtatflämtatcaught his breathflämta · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on syntesutcatch breathut · adverbdepends on flämtatsyntesappearedsyntes · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentencetrethreetre · numeral, nominativequantifies gässgässgeesegäss · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of syntesiini · prepositionpreposition marking radradrowrad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gäss They flew onward in the same manner as the others, and Smirre made high leaps after all of them, but he did not succeed in catching a single one.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of flögoflögoflewflögo · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense.
framåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies flögopåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of flögosomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of andradethede · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andraThis type's own examples show 'de' used as the plain personal pronoun "they" (de voro ovanligt strävsamma = "they were unusually...") as often as the determiner "the" (de andra = "the others"); a fixed gloss of "the" mis-renders every pronoun occurrence.
andraothersannan · pronoun, pluralclause modifying sättochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationSmirreSmirreSmirre · pronoun, pluralsubject of gjordeProper name (the fox), mistagged as a plural pronoun.
gjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with flögohögatallhög · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies språngsprångleapssprång · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of gjordeefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies språngallaallall · determiner, pluralmodifies gjordemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lyckadeslyckadessucceededlycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with flögoImpersonal 'det lyckades honom' = 'he succeeded'; lemma should be 'lyckas'.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lyckadesintenotinte · particleintroduces the clause of fångaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fångainfinitive marker before a verb.
fångato catchfånga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on lyckadesnågona single onenågon · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of fångaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies någon- 92
Then came five geese, but these flew better than the ones before, and although they too seemed to want to tempt Smirre into leaping, he resisted the temptation.
Därpåthendärpå · noun, genitive, common gender, singularmodifies kommokommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencekommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
femfivefem · numeral, nominativequantifies gässgässgeesegäss · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcomplement of kommomenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdessathesedenna · pronoun, pluralsubject of flögoflögoflewflögo · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with kommoPast plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense.
bättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies flögoänthanän · prepositionpreposition marking föregåendedetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of föregåendeSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
föregåendepreviousföregående · adjective, nominativemodifies flögoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfastalthoughfast · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies tycktesocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies tycktesdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of passive tycktestycktesseemedtycktes · verb, past, indicativecoordinated with flögoviljato wantvilja · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of lockalockalure/temptlocka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tycktesSmirreSmirresmirre · adverbdirect object of lockatillintotill · prepositionpreposition marking språngsprångleapsprång · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of lockastodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to kommohanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodemotresistedemot · prepositionpreposition marking frestelsenfrestelsentemptationfrestelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stod - 93
After quite a long while a solitary goose came.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundrättquiterätt · adverbmodifies långlånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåsensamaloneensam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gåsgåsgoosegås · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kom It was the thirteenth.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of trettondevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to trettondedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of trettondetrettondethe thirteenthtrettonde · adjective, nominativehead of the phraseIt was one so old that she was entirely gray and had not a single dark streak on her body.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of envarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to enenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomwhosom · pronounsubject of gammalThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gammalsåsoså · adverbmodifies gammalgammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on enattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gråhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gråvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gråalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies grågrågraygrå · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on gammalochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gråettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of streckmörktdarkmörk · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies streckstreckstreakstreck · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking kroppenkroppenbodykropp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadeShe didn't seem quite able to use one wing, and flew pitifully badly and aslant, so that she nearly touched the ground.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktestycktesseemedtycktes · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies riktigtriktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies brukakunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of brukabrukausebruka · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to tycktesFirst example ('hon knappast kunde bruka den' = 'she could scarcely use it', of an injured wing) is the sense 'to use', which was missing from the senses list.
enaoneena · adjective, nominativemodifies vingenvingenwingving · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of brukaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationflögflewflög · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with brukajämmerligtpitifullyjämmerlig · adverbmodifies illaillabadlyilla · adjective, nominativecomplement of flögochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsnettaslantsnet · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with illasåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of rördeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rördenästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies rörderördetouchedröra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tycktesvidagainstvid · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rördeSmirre not only made a high leap after her, but pursued her, running and hopping, all the way down to the lake, but that time too he got no reward for his trouble.
SmirreSmirreSmirre · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of gjordeProper name of the fox; mistagged as a common noun plural.
intenotinte · particlemodifies gjordebarajustbara · adverbmodifies gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of språnghögthighhög · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies språngsprångleapsprång · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gjordeefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies språngutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förföljdeförföljdepursuedförfölja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gjordehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of förföljdespringanderunningspringande · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of förföljdePresent participle of springa (to run), mistagged as a noun.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhoppandehoppinghoppande · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with springandeändaall the wayända · adverbmodifies nernerdownner · adverbmodifies förföljdemottomot · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nermenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies hellerhellereitherheller · adverbmodifies gångendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gångengångentimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fickfickgotfå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gjordehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ficknågonnonågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lönlönrewardlön · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickförforför · prepositionpreposition marking mödanmödanthe troublemödan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lön- 94
When the fourteenth came, it made a very beautiful sight, because it was white, and it gleamed like a shaft of light in the dark forest as it swung its great wings.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fjortondefjortondethe fourteenthfjorton · adjective, nominativesubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of togsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of togmycketverymycket · adverbmodifies vackertvackertbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of togutmake a sightut · adverbdepends on togdärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of vitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därfördenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of vitvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to vitvitwhitevit · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on togochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of glimmadeglimmadegleamedglimma · adjective, nominative, singularcoordinated with vitsomlikesom · prepositionpreposition marking ljusningFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ljusningljusningbrighteningljusning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of glimmadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking skogendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skogenmörkadarkmörk · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ljusningnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vingardenitden · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vingarsvängdeswungsvängde · verb, past, indicative, activemodifies vingarsinaitssig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of vingarstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vingarvingarwingsving · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraladverbial clause on glimmade When Smirre saw it, he mustered all his strength and leapt halfway up toward the canopy, but the white one flew past entirely unharmed, just like the others.
Närwhennär · adverbintroduces the clause of sågFunctions as a subordinating conjunction, not an adverb.
SmirreSmirresmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativesubject of sågName of Smirre the fox; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a comparative adjective.
sågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on uppbjöddenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of såguppbjödmustereduppbjöd · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of uppbjödallallall · determiner, common gender, singulardepends on uppbjödsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of kraftkraftstrengthkraft · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of uppbjödochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhoppadejumpedhoppa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with uppbjödhalvvägshalfwayhalvvägs · adverbmodifies hoppademottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking grentaketgrentaketcanopy of branchesgrentak · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hoppademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vitavitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, singularcoordinated with hoppadeforwentfor · adverbmodifies oskaddMistagged as adverb; this is the past tense of the verb 'fara', meaning 'went/traveled'.
förbipastförbi · adverbpart of the phrase foralldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies oskaddoskaddunharmedoskadd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vitaFunctions as an adjective ('unharmed'), though the backbone tags it as a noun.
denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularin apposition to vitasomlikesom · pronoundirect object of andraThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andraSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraothersannan · pronoun, pluralrelative clause on den- 95
Now it grew still for a while beneath the beeches.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of blevstillastillstilla · adverbpreposition marking stundenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blevunderbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking bokarnabokarnabeechesbok · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of blevTwo distinct lemmas ('bok' = beech, 'bok' = book) share this surface form; the plural bokarna means beeches while böcker means books.
It looked as though the whole flock of wild geese had passed by.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
utlookut · adverbdepends on sågsomas thoughsom · pronounsubject of faritThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omthoughom · prepositionintroduces the clause of farithelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies vildgåsflockenvildgåsflockenflock of wild geesevildgåsflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of farithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of faritfarittraveledfara · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sågförbipastförbi · adverbdepends on farit- 96
All at once Smirre remembered his captive and lifted his eyes toward the sapling.
HeltcompletelyHelt · adverbmodifies plötsligtplötsligtsuddenlyplötslig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceSmirreSmirreSmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies fångemistagged as a comparative adjective; this is the proper name of the fox character.
ihågto mind (remember)ihåg · adverbmodifies fångeonly occurs in the fixed phrase komma ihåg 'to remember'.
sinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of fångefångecaptivefånge · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlyfteliftedlyfte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fångeögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of lyftemottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking ungbokenungbokenyoung beechungbok · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ögonen As was to be expected, the urchin was gone and vanished.
Somassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of väntadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of väntavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to väntaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of väntainfinitive marker before a verb.
väntato waitvänta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencevarwasvara · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of parvelnmistagged as a determiner; the surface 'var' here is the past tense of vara 'to be'.
parvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularparallel clause to väntabortagoneborta · adverbmodifies parvelnochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförsvunnenvanishedförsvunn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with parvelnPast participle of försvinna ('to vanish'); tagged as noun but functions adjectivally.
- 97
But Smirre had no long time to think about him, for now the first goose came back from the lake and flew slowly as before under the canopy.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationSmirreSmirresmirre · proper noun, genitivesubject of hadeproper name, kept unglossed/unchanged.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies hadelånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tänkainfinitive marker before a verb.
tänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying tidpåaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tänkaförforför · conjunctionintroduces the clause of komnunownu · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hadedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåsenförstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies gåsensurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
gåsengoosegås · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of komtillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies komfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tillbakaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationflögflewflög · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with komsaktaslowlysakta · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of flögFunctions adverbially ('slowly') though tagged as an adjective form.
somassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förutförutbeforeförut · adverbadverbial clause on flögframforwardfram · adverbdepends on flögunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking grentaketgrentaketcanopy of branchesgrentak · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of flög Despite all his bad luck, Smirre was glad she had come back, and he flung himself after her with a high leap.
Trotsdespitetrots · prepositionpreposition marking oturallallall · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of oturoturbad luckotur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gladvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gladSmirreSmirreSmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies gladmistagged as a comparative adjective; this is the proper name of the fox character.
gladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gladtillbakabacktillbaka · adverbdepends on komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of störtadestörtadeflungstörta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with komsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of störtadeefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of störtademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hoppettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of hopphögthighhög · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hopphoppleaphopp · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of störtadeTwo distinct homonyms share the spelling hopp: 'leap' and 'hope.'
But he had been in too much of a hurry and hadn't taken the time to calculate the leap, and so landed beside her instead.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hafthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceförtooför · prepositionintroduces the clause of bråttombråttomin a hurrybråttom · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on haftPredicative idiom 'ha bråttom'; tagged as a verb form but functions as an adjective/adverb phrase, not a separate lexeme.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies gettgettgivenge · verb, active, supinecoordinated with haftsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of getttidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gettatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of beräknainfinitive marker before a verb.
beräknacalculateberäkna · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying tidsprångetleapsprång · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of beräknautanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
komcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with beräknapåbesidepå · prepositionmodifies komsidanbesidesida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase påombesideom · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kom- 98
After this goose came yet another, and then a third, a fourth, a fifth, until the round ended with the old ice-gray one and the big white one.
Efterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking gåsendennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåsengåsengoosegås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceännuanotherännu · adverbmodifies komenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularquantifies komochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase ensåthenså · adverbpart of the phrase enenaen · determiner, common gender, singularpart of the phrase entredjethirdtre · adjective, nominativepart of the phrase enSurface 'tredje' is the ordinal 'third', though lemma is tagged as the cardinal 'tre'.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fjärdefjärdefourthfyra · adjective, nominativepart of the phrase enthe ordinal fjärde, listed under the lemma fyra (four).
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of femtefemtea fifthfemte · adjective, nominativepart of the phrase enändauntilända · adverbmodifies avslutadestillsuntiltills · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of avslutadesvarvetroundvarv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of passive avslutadesavslutadesendedavsluta · verb, past, indicative, passiveadverbial clause on kommedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking isgråadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of isgråagamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies isgråaisgråathe ice-gray oneisgråa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of avslutadesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vitastorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies vitaweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
vitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with isgråa They all flew slowly and low.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of flögoflögoflewflögo · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense.
allaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of saktasaktaslowlysakt · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of flögoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlågtlowlåg · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with saktaJust as they hovered along over Smirre Fox, they dropped lower, quite as if they wanted to invite him to catch them.
Justjustjust · adverbmodifies svävadedåasdå · adverbpart of the phrase Justdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of svävadesvävadehoveredsväva · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sänkteframforwardfram · adverbdepends on svävadeöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking rävSmirreSmirresmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativepossessor of rävName of Smirre the fox; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a comparative adjective.
rävfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of svävadesänkteloweredsänkte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sänktesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sänktealldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies inbjudasomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of inbjudaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of inbjudadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of inbjudavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of inbjudainbjudato inviteinbjuda · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sänktehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of inbjudaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fångainfinitive marker before a verb.
fångato catchfånga · verb, active, infinitivedepends on inbjudademthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of fångaAnd Smirre pursued them and made leaps a couple of fathoms high, but was not able to seize a single one among them.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationSmirreSmirreSmirre · adjectivesubject of förföljdeProper name (the fox), mistagged as an adjective.
förföljdepursuedförfölja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of förföljdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with förföljdehoppleapshopp · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gjordeTwo distinct homonyms share the spelling hopp: 'leap' and 'hope.'
somthatsom · pronounsubject of voroThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
vorowerevoro · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on förföljdeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of famnarfamnarfathomsfamna · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with förföljdethe plural of the noun famn (fathom, a unit of length), tagged as a verb.
högatallhög · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies famnarmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies gripaintenotinte · particlemodifies variablei · prepositionmodifies varståndablestånd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase iatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gripainfinitive marker before a verb.
gripaseizegripa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with förföljdeenaen · determiner, common gender, singularquantifies demendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativemodifies demiblandamongibland · adverbmodifies demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of gripa- 99
It was the most dreadful day Smirre Fox had ever lived through.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of dagvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to dagdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagförfärligastemost terribleförfärlig · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies dagdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of upplevatSmirreSmirresmirre · proper noun, genitivemodifies rävproper name, kept unglossed/unchanged.
rävfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of upplevatupplevatexperiencedupplevat · verb, active, supinedepends on dag The wild geese passed ceaselessly over his head, came and went, came and went.
Vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · proper noun, nominativepossessor of foroforotraveledforo · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseArchaic past plural of fara ('to travel/fly'); lemma tagged as noun but is a verb form.
oupphörligenceaselesslyoupphörligen · adverbmodifies framframforwardfram · adverbmodifies foroöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking huvudhanshishan · pronounpossessor of huvudhuvudheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of forokommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with forokommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationforowentforo · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with kommoMistagged as a noun; foro is the plural past tense of fara ("went/traveled").
kommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kommokommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationforotraveledforo · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with kommoArchaic past plural of fara ('to travel/fly'); lemma tagged as noun but is a verb form.
Big, splendid geese, who had fattened themselves on the German fields and heaths, hovered through the forest all day so close to him that he touched them many times, and he could not still his hunger with a single one.
StorabigStor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gässhärligasplendidhärlig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with Storagässgeesegäss · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of svävadesomwhosom · pronounsubject of ätitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ätitätiteatenäta · verb, active, supinerelative clause on gässsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ätitfetafatfet · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of ätitpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking åkerfältendetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of åkerfältenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
tyskaGermantysk · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies åkerfältenåkerfältenfieldsåkerfält · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of ätitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhedarnathe heathshedarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with åkerfältensvävadehoveredsväva · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of svävadeframforwardfram · adverbmodifies svävadegenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of framsåsoså · adverbmodifies näranäraclosenära · adjective, nominativedepends on honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of svävadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of rördehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rördemångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of rörderördetouchedröra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on svävadevidagainstvid · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of rördeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickcouldfå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with svävadeintenotinte · particlemodifies fickstillastillstilla · adverbmodifies ficksinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of hungerhungerhungerhunger · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking enenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fickendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativeclause modifying en- 100
Winter had scarcely passed yet, and Smirre remembered days and nights when he had had to roam about idle without a single quarry to hunt, when the migratory birds were gone, when the rats hid beneath the frozen earth, and when the hens were shut in.
Vinternwintervintern · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förlidenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to förlidenännuyetännu · adverbmodifies förlidenknappasthardlyknappast · adverbmodifies förlidenförlidenpastförlid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of drivaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationSmirreSmirreSmirre · proper noun, genitivedepends on mindesThe fox character's name.
mindesrememberedmindes · verb, past, indicative, passivemodifies dagarPast tense of minnas ("to remember"), deponent in form but active in meaning.
dagardaysdag · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with förlidenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnätternightsnätt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with dagarnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on förlidenmåsthad tomåst · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activedirect object of hadedrivato drivedriva · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceomkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking sysslolössysslolösidlesysslolös · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of drivautanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of ägaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ägainfinitive marker before a verb.
ägato haveäga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on drivaettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of villebrådvillebrådgamevillebråd · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of ägaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of jagainfinitive marker before a verb.
jagato huntjaga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on äganärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of voroflyttfåglarnamigratory birdsflyttfågl · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vorovorowerevoro · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on jagabortagoneborta · adverbmodifies voronärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gömderåttornathe ratsråttorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of gömdegömdehidgömde · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ägasigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of gömdeunderbeneathunder · prepositionintroduces the clause of frusnadenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of frusnafrusnafrozenfrusen · adjective, nominative, singularadverbial clause on gömdejordytansurface of the earthjordyta · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of frusnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionmodifies instängdahönsenthe henshöns · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase närvorowerevoro · particledepends on instängdaArchaic plural preterite of vara 'to be'; mistagged as particle.
instängdashut ininstängd · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with gömde But all the hunger of winter had not been as hard to endure as this day's disappointment.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationallallall · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vinternsvinternswinter'svinterns · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hungerhungerhungerhung · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of svårLemma is a truncated form; the word is 'hunger'.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of svårintenotinte · particlemodifies svårvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to svårsåasså · adverbmodifies svårsvårhardsvår · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of uthärdainfinitive marker before a verb.
uthärdato endureuthärda · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on svårsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of missräkningdennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of missräkningdagensday'sdag · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of missräkningmissräkningdisappointmentmissräkning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uthärda- 101
Smirre was no young fox.
SmirreSmirresmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativesubject of rävName of Smirre the fox; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a comparative adjective.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to rävingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rävungyoungung · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies rävrävfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrase He had many a time had the hounds after him and heard the bullets whine about his ears.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemångenmany a (one)mång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadesurface mången, an archaic indefinite pronoun/adjective, not a noun.
gångtimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadehafthadha · verb, active, supinecomplement of hadehundarnadogshund · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of haftefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of haftochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhörtheardhöra · verb, active, supinecoordinated with haftkulornathe bulletskulorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hörtvinawhinevina · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hörtomaroundom · prepositionpreposition marking öronenöronenearsöron · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hörtHe had lain hidden deep in his den while the dachshunds crept through the tunnels and come close to finding him.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of legathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of legatlegatlainlega · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceSupine of 'ligga' (to lie); lemma should be 'ligga'.
gömdhiddengömd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of legatdjuptdeeplydjup · adverbmodifies legatiini · prepositionpreposition marking lyanlyanthe denlyan · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of legatmedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of krupittaxarnathe dachshundstax · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of krupithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of krupitkrupitcreptkrupa · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on legatinnethroughinne · adverbdepends on krupitiini · prepositionpreposition marking gångarnagångarnatimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of krupitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supinecopula linking to näranäraclosenära · adjective, nominativecoordinated with krupitatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of finnainfinitive marker before a verb.
finnafindfinna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on närahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of finnaBut all the anguish Smirre had experienced during the chasing hunt was not to be compared with what he felt every time he failed to catch one of the wild geese.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationallallall · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ångestångestanguishångest · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronoundirect object of erfaritThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
SmirreSmirresmirre · adjectivesubject of erfarithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of erfariterfaritexperiencederfara · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on jämföraunderduringunder · prepositionpreposition marking jaktendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of jäktandejäktanderelentlessjäktande · adjective, nominativemodifies jaktenjaktenhuntjakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of erfaritvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to jämföraintenotinte · particlemodifies jämföraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of jämförainfinitive marker before a verb.
jämförato comparejämföra · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to ångestmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of jämförasomwhichsom · pronoundirect object of kändeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändekändefeltkäna · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on denvarwasvara · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gångmistagged as a determiner; the surface 'var' here is the past tense of vara 'to be'.
gångtimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kändehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on jämföramisslyckadesfailedmisslycka · verb, past, indicative, passiveparallel clause to ångestatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gripainfinitive marker before a verb.
gripaseizegripa · verb, active, infinitivedepends on ångesteniten · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of gripaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies enattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
- 102
In the morning, when the game began, Smirre Fox had been so splendid that the geese had marveled when they saw him.
Påin the morningpå · prepositionpreposition marking morgonenmorgonenmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of börjadelekenplaylek · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on morgonenhadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activesubject of grannSmirreSmirreSmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies rävmistagged as a comparative adjective; this is the proper name of the fox character.
rävfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supinecopula linking to grannsåsoså · adverbmodifies granngrannsplendidgrann · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of häpnatgässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of häpnatgässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of häpnathäpnatmarveledhäpna · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on grannnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sågosågosawsågoa · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on häpnatLemma/tag are corrupted; sågo is the plural past tense of se ("saw"), not a noun or present tense.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sågo Smirre loved splendor, and his coat was shining red, his chest white, his muzzle black, and his tail bushy as a plume.
SmirreSmirreSmirre · adjectivemodifies praktProper name (the fox), mistagged as an adjective.
älskadelovedälskad · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies praktpraktsplendorprakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of yvigochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanshishan · pronounpossessor of pälspälsfur/coatpäls · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rödvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to rödskinandeshiningskinande · adjective, nominativemodifies rödrödredröd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with praktbröstetchestbröst · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of vittvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to vittvittwhitevi · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with rödnosenmuzzlenos · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with rödsvartblacksvar · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclause modifying nosenThe lemma should be svart ("black"); the parser mistagged the surface "svart" under the noun svar ("answer").
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsvansentailsvans · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with rödyvigbushyyvig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of plymenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of plymplymplumeplym · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of yvigBut when evening came that day, Smirre's coat hung in tangled tufts, he was bathed in sweat, his eyes were without luster, his tongue hung far out of his panting jaws, and foam flowed from his mouth.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komkvälleneveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hängdedennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komhängdehunghänga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceSmirresSmirre'ssmirres · proper noun, genitivemodifies pälspälsfur/coatpäls · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hängdeiini · prepositionpreposition marking tovortovortangled tuftstova · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of hängdehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of badadebadadebathedbada · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to hängdeiini · prepositionpreposition marking svettsvettsweatsvett · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of badadeögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with hängdevorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying ögonenarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
utanwithoututan · prepositionpreposition marking glansglansradianceglans · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hängdetungantonguetunga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hängdehängdehunghänga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hängdelångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies hängdeutoutut · adverbmodifies hängdeurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking gaphanshishan · pronounpossessor of gapflämtandepantingflämtande · adjective, nominativemodifies gapgapjawsgap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hängdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking munnenmunnenmouthmun · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flötflötflowedflöt · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with hängdepast tense of flyta ('to flow/float'); also 'floated'.
skumfoamskum · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of flöt- 103
By afternoon Smirre was so exhausted that he fell into a daze.
Påin the afternoonpå · prepositionpreposition marking eftermiddageneftermiddagenafternooneftermiddag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tröttvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tröttSmirreSmirreSmirre · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralpart of the phrase varProper name of the fox; mistagged as a common noun plural.
såsoså · adverbmodifies trötttrötttiredtrött · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of föllhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of föllföllfellföll · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tröttiintoi · prepositiondepends on föllyrseldizzinessyrsel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase i He saw nothing before his eyes but flying geese.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintetnothingintet · adverbmodifies sågarchaic/literary form of inget/ingenting.
annatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sågänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking gässflygandeflyingflyga · adjective, nominativemodifies gässgässgeesegäss · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of såggäss is the plural of gås ('goose'), despite the singular tag.
förbeforeför · prepositionpreposition marking ögonsinahissig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of ögonögoneyesögon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of sågHe leapt at patches of sunlight he saw on the ground, and at a poor tortoiseshell butterfly that had come out of its chrysalis too early.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesprångleapsprång · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of togmotatmot · prepositionpreposition marking solfläckarsolfläckarpatches of sunlightsolfläck · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of togsomthatsom · pronoundirect object of sågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on solfläckarpast tense of se, 'to see.'
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmotatmot · prepositionpreposition marking nässelfjärilenaen · determiner, common gender, singularquantifies stackarsstackarspoorstackars · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of nässelfjärilnässelfjäriltortoiseshell butterflynässelfjäril · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with solfläckarsomthatsom · pronounsubject of kommitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinecoordinated with togförtooför · prepositionmodifies tidigttidigtearlytidig · adverbmodifies kommitBackbone mistags this as an adverb; the surface (tidigt) is the neuter/adverbial form of the adjective tidig.
utoutut · adverbmodifies kommiturout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking puppasinitssig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of puppapuppachrysalispuppa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ut- 104
The wild geese kept on tirelessly flying and flying.
Vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · proper noun, nominativesubject of fortsattefortsattecontinuedfortsatte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceouttröttligttirelesslyouttröttlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of fortsatteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of flygainfinitive marker before a verb.
flygaflyflyga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fortsatteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationflygaflyflyga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with flyga They kept tormenting Smirre the whole day long.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fortforofortforocontinuedfortforo · adverbhead of the phraseFortforo is the historical plural past form of fortfara.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of pinapinatormentpina · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of fortforoSmirreSmirreSmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies dagenmistagged as a comparative adjective; this is the proper name of the fox character.
helawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of pinaIt moved them to no pity that Smirre was ruined, hounded, half-mad.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with rörderördemovedröra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of rördeintenotinte · particlemodifies rördetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking medlidandemedlidandepitymedlidande · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of rördeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förstördSmirreSmirresmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativesubject of förstördName of Smirre the fox; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a comparative adjective.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to förstördförstörddestroyedförstörd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of rördehetsadhoundedhetsad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with förstördvansinnigmadvansinnig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with förstördThey continued relentlessly, even though they understood he could hardly see them, that he was leaping at their shadows.
Detheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fortsattesurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
fortsattecontinuedfortsatte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceobevekligtrelentlesslyobeveklig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies fortsattefasteven thoughfast · adverbcoordinated with fortsattedetheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of förstodoSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
förstodounderstoodförstodo · adverbpart of the phrase fastpast plural of förstå ('to understand'); mistagged as adverb.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of såghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågknappthardlyknappt · adverbmodifies sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fortsattedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of sågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gjordehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sågsprångleapsprång · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gjordeefteratefter · prepositionpreposition marking skuggorderastheirde · pronounpossessor of skuggorpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
skuggorshadowsskugga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gjorde- 105
Only when Smirre Fox sank down onto a heap of dry leaves, utterly powerless and spent, nearly ready to give up the ghost, did they stop mocking him.
Förstfirstförst · adverbmodifies sjönknärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sjönkSmirreSmirresmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativesubject of sjönkName of Smirre the fox; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a comparative adjective.
rävfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sjönksjönksanksjönk · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on slutadenerdownner · adverbdepends on sjönkpåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking lövenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lövhögtallhög · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lövtorradrytorr · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies lövlövleaveslöv · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sjönkalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies kraftlöskraftlöspowerlesskraftlös · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularparallel clause to sjönkochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmattweakmatt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with kraftlösnästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies färdigfärdigreadyfärdig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with kraftlösatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of geinfinitive marker before a verb.
geto givege · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on färdiguppupupp · adverbdepends on geandanghostandan · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of geslutadestoppedsluta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of slutadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gäckasinfinitive marker before a verb.
gäckasto mockgäcka · verb, passive, infinitivecomplement of slutademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gäckas - 106
»Now you know, fox, what happens to one who dares to meddle with Akka from Kebnekajse,» they called then into his ear, and with that they left him in peace.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of veträvfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on vethurhowhur · adverbmodifies gårdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of vetdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of gårsomwhosom · pronounsubject of vågarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
vågardaresvåga · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on densigoneselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vågarpåmeddle withpå · prepositionpreposition marking AkkaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of vågarproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
frånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking KebnekajseKebnekajseKebnekaiseKebnekajse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vågarMountain in Lapland; Akka's epithet 'from Kebnekajse.'
ropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gårdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ropadedåthendå · subordinating conjunctionmodifies ropadeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking örahanshishan · pronounpossessor of öraöraearöra · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ropadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärmedwith thatdärmed · adverbmodifies lämnadelämnadeleftlämna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vetdetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of lämnadesurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lämnadeiini · prepositionmodifies lämnaderopeacero · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase i
The particulars
- The text
- Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige, Selma Lagerlöf. The Wonderful Adventures of Nils.
- Translation
- Public-domain Swedish (Lagerlöf, d. 1940; published 1906–07). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
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- Every word of the text, by letter.
- Data
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