Swedish · The Wonderful Adventures of Nils
Vid Ronneby å
At the Ronneby River
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- 1
Neither the wild geese nor Smirre the fox had ever thought that they would meet again, once they had left Skåne.
VarkenneitherVarken · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadeattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
elleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationSmirreSmirreSmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativecoordinated with vildgässenmistagged as a comparative adjective; this is the proper name of the fox character.
rävfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetrottbelievedtrott · verb, active, supinemodifies hadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of råkasdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of passive råkasnågonsinevernågonsin · adverbmodifies råkasskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkasråkasmeet againråka · verb, passive, infinitiveclausal complement of hadesedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lämnatdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of lämnathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lämnatlämnatleftlämna · verb, active, supinecoordinated with råkasSkåneSkåneSkåne · proper noun, nominativedirect object of lämnat But now it happened that the wild geese came to take their way over Blekinge, and there Smirre the fox had also betaken himself.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies föllföllfellföll · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with föllsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of föllsåsoså · adverbmodifies föllattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommovildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommoattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
kommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of föllkommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tainfinitive marker before a verb.
tato taketa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of kommovägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of taöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking BlekingeBlekingeBlekingeBlekinge · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of taA Swedish province.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdittheredit · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with föllSmirreSmirreSmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies rävmistagged as a comparative adjective; this is the proper name of the fox character.
rävfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of begivitocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies begivitbegivitbetaken himselfbegivia · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of begivitHe had so far kept to the northern part of the province, and there he had not yet seen any manor parks or deer parks, full of roe deer and delicious roe-deer fawns.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of uppehållithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of uppehållithittillsso farhittills · adverbmodifies uppehållituppehållitstayeduppehålli · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of uppehållitiini · prepositionpreposition marking delennorranorthernnorra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies delendelenpartdel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uppehållitavofav · prepositionpreposition marking landskapetlandskapetprovincelandskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies delenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärtheredär · adverbmodifies setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of setthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settännuyetännu · adverbmodifies settintenotinte · particlemodifies settsettseense · verb, active, supinecoordinated with uppehållitnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of herrgårdsparkerherrgårdsparkermanor parksherrgårdsparker · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of settelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdjurgårdardeer parksdjurgård · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with herrgårdsparkerfullafullfull · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with settavofav · prepositionpreposition marking rådjurrådjurroe deerrådjur · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralagent of fullaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationläckradeliciousläckr · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies rådjurskalvarrådjurskalvarroe-deer fawnsrådjurskalvar · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with rådjurHe was more discontented than he could say.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of missnöjdvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to missnöjdmermoremycket · adverbmodifies missnöjdmissnöjddispleasedmissnöjd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kundehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kundekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on missnöjd- 2
One afternoon, as Smirre was roaming about in a desolate stretch of woodland in Mellanbygden, not far from the Ronneby River, he caught sight of a flock of wild geese flying overhead.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of eftermiddageftermiddagafternooneftermiddag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sedåasdå · adverbmodifies strökSmirreSmirreSmirre · proper noun, genitivesubject of strökThe fox character's name.
strökroamingströk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to eftermiddagomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies skogstraktiini · prepositionpreposition marking skogstraktenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skogstraktödsligdesolateödslig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies skogstraktskogstraktwoodland regionskogstrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of strökiini · prepositionpreposition marking MellanbygdenMellanbygdenMellanbygdenMellanbygden · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of strökintenotinte · particlemodifies Ronnebylångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies Ronnebyfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking RonnebyRonnebyRonnebyRonneby · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with strökSwedish town/river name.
åRiverå · prepositionmodifies RonnebyMostly used as the noun for a small river (Ronneby å); the idiom fara å färde 'be afoot/underway' is an old prepositional use.
fickcaught sightfå · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of seseseese · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of flockflockflockflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vildgässvildgässwild geesevildgäss · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of flygaflygaflyflyga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of seframforwardfram · adverbmodifies flygagenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fram He noticed at once that one of the geese was white, and then he knew well enough whom he had to deal with.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märktemärktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencestraxat oncestrax · adverbmodifies märkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vitenoneman · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of vitSurfaces are only "en"/"En" used as a counting pronoun ("en av dem" = "one of them"), not the indefinite generic pronoun man/en ("one does X"). Lemma is mistagged as man; it should be en (numeral pronoun "one"). Gloss "one" happens to still be correct.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking gässengässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies engässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to vitvitwhitevit · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of märkteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstejuwell enoughju · adverbmodifies visstevilkawhomvilken · pronoun, pluralsubject of visstehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on vilkaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göradealgöra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of hademedwithmed · prepositiondepends on göra- 3
Smirre at once began to hunt after the geese, as much out of a wish for a good meal as to take revenge on them for all the trouble they had caused him.
SmirreSmirresmirre · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of börjadeThis is the proper name of the fox character, mistagged as a common noun.
börjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies börjadejagato huntjaga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadeefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking gässengässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of jagagässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
likaequallylika · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies börjadeavout ofav · prepositionpreposition marking lustlustdesirelust · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies mycketatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fågetfå · verb, active, infinitivedepends on mycketettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of målgottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies målmålmealmål · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies matmatfoodmat · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåsomassom · pronounsubject of passive hämnasThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
förin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of hämnasatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hämnasinfinitive marker before a verb.
hämnasto take revengehämna · verb, passive, infinitiverelative clause on matpåagainstpå · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of hämnasförforför · prepositionmodifies hämnasallallall · determiner, common gender, singularpart of the phrase förförtrettroubleförtret · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase försomthatsom · pronoundirect object of vållatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of vållathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vållatvållatcausedvålla · verb, active, supinerelative clause on hämnashonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of vållat He saw that they flew eastward, until they came to the Ronneby River.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of forodetheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of foroSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
forotraveledforo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralclausal complement of sågArchaic plural past tense of fara ("to go/travel"), not a noun; the parser mistagged it.
österuteastwardösterut · adverbmodifies forotillsuntiltills · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommokommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on forokommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking RonnebyRonnebyRonnebyRonneby · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of kommoSwedish town/river name.
åRiverå · prepositionmodifies kommoMostly used as the noun for a small river (Ronneby å); the idiom fara å färde 'be afoot/underway' is an old prepositional use.
Then they changed direction and followed the river southward.
Sedanthensedan · adverbmodifies ändradeändradechangedändra · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasedetheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of riktningSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
riktningdirectionriktning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ändradeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationföljdefollowedföljde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ändradeånthe riverån · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of följdemotsouthwardmot · prepositionmodifies följdesödersouthsöder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase motHe understood that they meant to seek out a sleeping place along the riverbank, and he thought he would be able to seize a couple of them without any particular difficulty.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstodförstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sökadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ämnadeämnadeintended toämna · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of sökaActually the past tense of the verb ämna "to intend", mislabeled as an adjective.
sökasearchsöka · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of förstodsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of sökaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sovplatssovplatssleeping placesovplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sökautmedalongutmed · prepositionpreposition marking åstrandenåstrandenthe riverbankåstrand · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies sovplatsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sökaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bemäktigahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bemäktigaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bemäktigakunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of bemäktigabemäktigaseizebemäktig · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tänkte'bemäktiga sig' = to take possession of.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of bemäktigaettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of bemäktigaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies parutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
särdelesespeciallysärdeles · adverbcoordinated with bemäktigastorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies svårighetsvårighetdifficultysvårighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of särdeles- 4
But when Smirre at last caught sight of the spot where the geese had settled down, he noticed that they had chosen so well-guarded a place that he could not get at them.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · adverbintroduces the clause of fickFunctions as a subordinating conjunction, not an adverb.
SmirreSmirresmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativesubject of fickName of Smirre the fox; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a comparative adjective.
äntligenfinallyäntligen · adverbmodifies fickfickcaught sightfå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on märktesynsightsyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking ställedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ställeställeplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fickdärtheredär · adverbmodifies slagitgässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slagitgässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slagitslagitsettled downslå · verb, active, supinerelative clause on ställenerdownner · adverbdepends on slagitmärktenoticedmärkte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of valtdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of valthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of valtvaltchosenvälja · verb, active, supineclausal complement of märkteenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of platssåsoså · adverbmodifies välvälwellväl · adverbmodifies skyddadskyddadprotectedskydda · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies platsplatsplaceplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of valtattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommaintenotinte · particlemodifies kommakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on valtåtatåt · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of komma - 5
The Ronneby River is, to be sure, no great or mighty watercourse, but it is nonetheless much talked of for the beauty of its banks.
RonnebyRonnebyRonneby · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseSwedish town/river name.
åRiverå · prepositionintroduces the clause of vattendragMostly used as the noun for a small river (Ronneby å); the idiom fara å färde 'be afoot/underway' is an old prepositional use.
ärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to vattendragjuafter allju · adverbmodifies vattendragintenotinte · particlemodifies vattendragnågotanågon · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies stortstortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies vattendragelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmäktigtmightymäktig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with stortvattendragwatercoursevattendrag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on Ronnebymenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of omtaladärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to omtaladlikafulltnonethelesslikafull · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies omtaladomtaladmuch talked-aboutomtalad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Ronnebyförforför · prepositionpreposition marking stränderssinaitssig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of strändersvackrabeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stränderssträndersits banksstränder · noun, genitive, neuter, pluraloblique complement of omtaladskullsakeskull · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on strändersonly occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'.
In several places it presses forward between steep rock walls, which stand upright out of the water and are entirely overgrown with honeysuckle and bird cherry, with hawthorn and alder, with rowan and willow, and there is not much that can be more pleasant on a fine summer day than to row along the little dark river and look up at all the soft green that clings fast to the harsh rock walls.
Påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking ställenfleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ställenställenplacesställe · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of trängerträngerpresses throughtränga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of trängerframforwardfram · adverbdepends on trängermellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking bergväggarbrantasteepbrant · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bergväggarbergväggarrock wallsbergvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of trängersomwhichsom · pronounsubject of ståThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ståstandstå · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on bergväggarlodrätauprightlodräta · adverbdepends on ståuppupupp · adverbpart of the phrase lodrätaurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking vattnetvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of uppochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationäroareäro · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activemodifies överväxtaOld plural present tense of vara ('to be').
alldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies överväxtaöverväxtaovergrownöverväxta · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with trängermedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking kaprifoliumkaprifoliumhoneysucklekaprifolium · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of överväxtaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhäggbird cherryhägg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with kaprifoliummedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hagtornhagtornhawthornhagtor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of överväxtaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationalalderal · adverbcoordinated with hagtornmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking rönnrönnrowanrönn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hagtornochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvidewillowvide · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with rönnochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsfinnsthere isfinnas · verb, present, indicativecoordinated with trängerintenotinte · particlemodifies finnsmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies finnssomthatsom · pronounsubject of angenämareThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of angenämarevarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to angenämareangenämaremore pleasantangenäm · adjective, nominative, comparativedepends on finnsenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sommardagvackerbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sommardagsommardagsummer daysommardag · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of angenämareänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of roatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of roinfinitive marker before a verb.
rorowro · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying sommardagframforwardfram · adverbdepends on ropåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking åndenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ånlillalittleliten · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies ånmörkadarkmörk · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies ånånthe riverån · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of roochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationseseese · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with angenämareuppåtupwarduppåt · adverbmodifies sepåalongpå · prepositiondepends on sealltallall · determiner, neuter, singularpart of the phrase pådetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of mjukamjukasoftmjuk · adjective, nominative, singulardirect object of segrönagreengrön · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with mjukasomthatsom · pronounsubject of hakarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hakarclingshaka · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on mjukasigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of hakarfastfastfast · adverbmodifies hakarvidtovid · prepositionpreposition marking bergväggarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of bergväggarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
barskaharshbarsk · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bergväggarnabergväggarnathe rock wallsbergväggarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of hakar- 6
But now, when the wild geese and Smirre came to the river, it was cold, raw early spring, all the trees stood bare, and there was surely no one who gave the least thought to whether the riverbank was ugly or beautiful.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies stododåwhendå · subordinating conjunctionmodifies vårvintervildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase dåattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationSmirreSmirreSmirre · adjectiveauxiliary of kommoProper name (the fox), mistagged as an adjective.
kommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with dåkommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ånånthe riverån · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of kommoMistagged as a proper noun; ån is simply the definite form of å ("river").
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to vårvinterdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with vårvinterkallcoldkall · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vårvinterochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationruskigrawruskig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with kallvårvinterearly springvårvinter · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodoallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of trädträdtreesträd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with vårvinterstodostoodstodo · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenaknabarenakn · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of stodoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ingenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ingennogsurelynog · adverbmodifies ingeningenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularcoordinated with stodosomwhosom · pronounsubject of tänkteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
tänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on ingendetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of minstaallraleastallra · adverbmodifies minsta"Most of all" only fits "allra ondast" (angriest of all); in "allra vackraste," "allra tunnaste," and "allra förskräckligaste" allra intensifies the following superlative and renders as "very" (the very loveliest/thinnest/worst).
minstaleastliten · adjective, nominative, superlativedirect object of tänktepåaboutpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of fulomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fulstrandbräddenriverbankstrandbrädd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fulvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to fulfuluglyful · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on tänkteelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvackerbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ful The wild geese counted themselves fortunate that beneath just such a steep rock wall they had found a strip of sand large enough for them to find room on.
Vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of prisadeprisadecounted fortunateprisad · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesintheirsig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of lyckalyckafortunatelycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of prisadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sådandetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sådanunderbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking sådanenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sådansådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on prisadesån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
därtheredär · adverbmodifies funnitbrantsteepbrant · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies bergväggbergväggrock wallbergvägg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of funnithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of funnitfunnitfoundfinna · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sådanredafind outreda · adverbdepends on funnitpart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påfoundpå · prepositionpreposition marking sandremsaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sandremsasandremsastrip of sandsandremsa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of funnitsåenoughså · adverbmodifies storpassenoughpass · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase såfunctions as a degree particle here, not the noun 'pass'.
storbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to sådanattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fådetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fåkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfåfitfå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sådanplatsplaceplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of fåIn front of them the river roared, swift and strong now in the season of snowmelt, behind them they had an unscalable rock face, and hanging branches sheltered them.
Framförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of brusadebrusaderoaredbrusa · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hadeånthe riverån · proper noun, nominativedirect object of brusadeMistagged as a proper noun; ån is simply the definite form of å ("river").
somthatsom · pronounsubject of stridThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activedeterminer of stridstridswiftstrid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on brusadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstarkstrongstark · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with stridnunownu · adverbmodifies snösmältningstideniduringi · prepositionpreposition marking snösmältningstidensnösmältningstidensnowmelt seasonsnösmältningstid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stridbakombehindbakom · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigthemsig · pronoun, accusativecoordinated with stridhadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of klippväggobestigligunscalableobestiglig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies klippväggklippväggrock faceklippvägg · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnerhängandehangingnerhänga · adjective, nominativemodifies grenargrenarbranchesgren · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of skyldeskyldeshelteredskyla · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with hadedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of skyldeThey could not have had it better.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of haintenotinte · particlemodifies hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of habättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies ha- 7
The geese fell asleep at once, but the boy could not get a wink of sleep.
Gässenthe geeseGässen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of somnadesomnadefell asleepsomna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies somnademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåintenotinte · particlemodifies fåfågetfå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with somnadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of blundblundwink of sleepblund · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåiof sleepi · prepositionpreposition marking ögonenögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of få As soon as the sun had vanished, he felt a fear of the dark and a dread of the wilderness, and he longed for human beings.
Såasså · adverbmodifies försvunnensnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies Såsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of försvunnensolensunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försvunnenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to försvunnenförsvunnenvanishedförsvunn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasePast participle of försvinna ('to vanish'); tagged as noun but functions adjectivally.
kändefeltkändäge · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to försvunnenSurface 'kände' is past tense of 'känna' (to feel); the lemma 'kändäge' is a parser artifact.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändemörkrädslafear of darknessmörkrädsla · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kändeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvildmarksskräckdread of wildernessvildmarksskräck · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with mörkrädslaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlängtadelongedlängtad · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with kändePast tense of the verb 'längta' (to long/yearn); mistagged as an adjective.
tillfortill · prepositionpreposition marking människornamänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of längtadeLying tucked in under the goose-wing, he could see nothing and hear only poorly, and he thought that if anything evil should come at the gander, he would not be able to save him.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies låghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låglåglaylåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on seinstoppadtucked ininstoppad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of lågunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking gåsvingengåsvingenthe goose-winggåsving · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of seingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies seseseese · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbarajustbara · adverbmodifies höradåligtpoorlydålig · adverbmodifies hörahörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with seochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sepåaboutpå · prepositiondepends on tänkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommeomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with kommekommewould comekomme · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tänktearchaic subjunctive/conditional form of komma.
någotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ontontharmond · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kommeåttoåt · prepositionpreposition marking gåskarlengåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ontvorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activeadverbial clause on sehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of voreintenotinte · particlemodifies voreiablei · prepositionmodifies räddaståndablestånd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase iatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of räddainfinitive marker before a verb.
räddato saverädda · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of vorehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of räddaRustling and rattling he heard from every side, and he fell into such unease that he had to creep out from under the wing and sit down on the ground beside the geese.
Prasselrustlingprassel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrasselrattlingrassel · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with Prasselhördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking hållallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of hållhålldirectionshåll · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of hördeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkaderåkadefell intoråka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hördeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking orosådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies orosån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
orocommotionoro · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of råkadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of krypahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of krypamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of krypakrypato creepkrypa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on råkadeframforwardfram · adverbdepends on krypaunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking vingenvingenwingving · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of krypaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsättato set/putsätta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with krypasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sättapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sättabredvidbesidebredvid · prepositionpreposition marking gässengässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies markengässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
- 8
Smirre stood on the brow of the hill, sour-faced, and looked down at the wild geese.
SmirreSmirresmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativesubject of stodName of Smirre the fox; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a comparative adjective.
stodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking bergskrönetbergskrönetthe mountain browbergskröen · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stodlångsour-facedlång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of stodisour-facedi · prepositionpreposition marking synensynensightsyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodpast tense of se, 'to see.'
nerdownner · adverbdepends on sågpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sågattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
»This chase you might as well give up at once,» he said to himself.
Detaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of förföljandethärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase Detförföljandetthe chaseförföljand · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of övergekancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of övergeduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of övergesåas wellså · adverbmodifies övergegärnamight as wellgärna · adverbpart of the phrase såType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
övergeto give upöverge · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencegenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies övergesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to övergehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of sadesjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sig»You cannot climb down so sheer a mountain, you cannot swim in so wild a current, and there is not the smallest strip of land below the mountain that leads to the sleeping place.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of klättrakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of klättraintenotinte · particlemodifies klättraklättrato climbklättra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceutfördownutföra · verb, present, indicative, activecomplement of klättraFunctions here as the adverb/preposition "down" (utför trappan/kullen), not the unrelated verb utföra ("to perform").
ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of bergsåsoså · adverbmodifies tvärbranttvärbrantsheertvärbran · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies bergbergmountainberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of utförduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of simmakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of simmaintenotinte · particlemodifies simmasimmaswimsimma · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to klättraiini · prepositionpreposition marking strömenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of strömsåsoså · adverbmodifies vildvildwildvild · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies strömströmstreamström · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of simmaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsfinnsthere isfinnas · verb, present, indicativecoordinated with klättraintenotinte · particlemodifies finnsnedanförbelownedanför · prepositionpreposition marking bergetbergetmountainberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of finnsdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of strimmaminstasmallestliten · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies strimmastrimmastripstrim · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of finnsavofav · prepositionpreposition marking landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies strimmasomthatsom · pronounsubject of lederThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
lederleadsleda · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on strimmaframforwardfram · adverbdepends on ledertilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking sovplatsensovplatsenthe sleeping placesovplatse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lederThose geese are too clever for you.
Detheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of gässensurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
därtheredär · adverbpart of the phrase Degässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of klokagässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to klokaförtooför · adverbmodifies klokaklokawisekloka · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseförtooför · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of klokaNever trouble yourself again about hunting them!»
BrybotherBry · proper noun, nominativehead of the phrasedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularsubject of meraldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies mermeragainmycket · adverbmodifies jagaomaboutom · prepositionintroduces the clause of jagaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of jagainfinitive marker before a verb.
jagato huntjaga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of jaga- 9
But Smirre, like other foxes, found it hard to give up an undertaking once begun, and so he lay down at the very edge of the rock and did not take his eyes off the wild geese.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationSmirreSmirresmirre · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of rävarsomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of andraandraothersannan · pronoun, pluralmodifies rävarrävarfoxesräva · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesvårtdifficultsvår · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of övergeinfinitive marker before a verb.
övergeto give upöverge · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying svårtettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of företagpåbörjatbegunpåbörja · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies företagföretagundertakingföretag · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of övergeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ladeladelay downla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hade"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ladedärförsodärför · adverbmodifies ladeytterstat the very edgeytterst · adverbmodifies ladepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking bergkantenbergkantenmountain edgebergkant · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ladeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hadeintenotinte · particlemodifies togögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of togfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ögonenattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
While he lay watching them, he thought of all the harm they had done him.
Medanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of låghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tänkteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbetraktadewatchedbetrakta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of lågtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktepåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking ontalltallall · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies ontontharmont · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of tänkteBoth examples ('göra oss något ont' = 'do us harm', 'inte hade förmått göra mycket ont' = 'not been able to do much harm') attest the sense 'harm', not 'pain', which was the pinned default gloss.
somthatsom · pronoundirect object of gjortThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gjorthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjortgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supinerelative clause on onthonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of gjortYes, it was their fault that he had been banished from Skåne and had had to move to poor Blekinge.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on flyttadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of flyttavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies flyttaderastheirde · pronounpart of the phrase varpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
skullsakeskull · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase varonly occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · auxiliary verb, active, supineclausal complement of varutvisadbanishedutvisad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking SkåneSkåneSkåneSkåne · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of utvisadochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blivitmåsthad tomåst · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of flyttaflyttamoveflytta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking Blekingedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of Blekingefattigapoorfattig · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies BlekingeBlekingeBlekingeBlekinge · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of flyttaA Swedish province.
He worked himself up so, as he lay there, that he wished the wild geese dead, even if he himself would not get to eat them.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of retaderetadeworked himself upreta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceuppupupp · adverbdepends on retadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of retadesåsoså · adverbmodifies retademedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of låghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on retadedärtheredär · adverbmodifies lågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of önskadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of önskadeönskadewishedönska · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on retadevildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of önskadeattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
dödendeathdöd · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of önskadeExamples mix the noun (döden) with adjectival uses (död gås); flag if the occurrence is adjectival.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ätahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ätaocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies ätaintenotinte · particlemodifies ätasjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ätaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ätafåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of ätaätaeatäta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on retadedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of äta- 10
When Smirre's rage had reached such a pitch, he heard a rasping sound in a tall pine that grew close beside him, and saw a squirrel come down out of the tree, hotly pursued by a marten.
Närwhennär · adverbmodifies nåttFunctions as a subordinating conjunction, not an adverb.
SmirresSmirre'ssmirres · verb, present, indicativesubject of nåttharmrageharm · adverbmodifies Smirreshadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of nåttnåttreachednå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hördeSupine of nå ('to reach').
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of höjdsådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies höjdsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
höjdheighthöjd · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of nåtthördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of raspanderaspanderasping soundraspande · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hördeiini · prepositionpreposition marking tallenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tallstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies talltallpinetall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies raspandesomthatsom · pronounsubject of växteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
växtegrewväxa · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on raspandetättclosetätt · adverbmodifies bredvidbredvidbesidebredvid · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of växteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hördepast tense of se, 'to see.'
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ekorreekorresquirrelekorre · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sågkommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of sågnerdownner · adverbdepends on kommaurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking trädetträdettreeträd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommahäftigtviolenthäftig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies förföljdförföljdpursuedförföljd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularparallel clause to hördeMistagged as a noun; it is the past participle used adjectivally, 'pursued/hunted'.
avbyav · prepositionpreposition marking mårdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of mårdmårdmartenmård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies förföljd Neither of them noticed Smirre, and he sat still and watched the chase, which went from tree to tree.
Ingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of märkteavofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies Ingenmärktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceSmirreSmirresmirre · proper noun, nominativedirect object of märkteproper name, kept unglossed/unchanged.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with märktestillastillstilla · adverbdepends on sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbetraktadelooked atbetrakta · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies jaktenActually the past tense of the verb betrakta "to look at", mislabeled as an adjective.
jaktenchasejakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sattsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of gickThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
gickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on jaktenfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking trädträdtreesträd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of gicktilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking trädträdtreesträd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies trädHe watched the squirrel, which moved among the branches as lightly as if it could fly.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking ekorrenekorrenthe squirrelekorr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sågsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of rördeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
rördemovedröra · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on ekorrensighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of rördeblandamongbland · prepositionpreposition marking grenarnagrenarnathe branchesgrenare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of rördesåasså · adverbmodifies lättlätteasilylätt · adverbmodifies rördesomas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of flygaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of flygahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flygahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flygakunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of flygaflygaflyflyga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on rördeHe watched the marten, which was not quite so skillful a climber as the squirrel, but still ran up and down tree trunks as surely as if they had been smooth paths in the forest.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
påatpå · prepositionpreposition marking mårdenmårdenmartenmård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sågsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of klättrareThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies klättrarevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to klättrareenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of klättrarefulltquitefull · adverbmodifies såAdverbial use of full/fullt, e.g. 'fullt så' = 'quite as'.
såsoså · adverbmodifies konstfärdigkonstfärdigskillfulkonstfärdig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies klättrareklättrareclimberklättrare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on mårdensomassom · conjunctionintroduces the clause of ekorrenekorrensquirrelekorre · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying klättraremenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationändåstilländå · adverbmodifies sprangsprangransprangma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sågLemma is corrupted; surfaces are only "sprang" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma.
uppförupuppför · adverbmodifies sprangochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationutfördownutföra · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sprangFunctions here as the adverb/preposition "down" (utför trappan/kullen), not the unrelated verb utföra ("to perform").
trädstammartree trunksträdstamme · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of utförlikaequallylika · adverbmodifies tryggttryggtsurelytryggt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of utförsomas ifsom · pronounsubject of stigarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slätadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of slätahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slätavaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to slätaslätasmoothslät · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stigarstigarpathsstig · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sprangiini · prepositionpreposition marking skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stigar»If only I could climb half as well as one of those two,» thought the fox, »those down there would not get to sleep in peace for long.»
Kundecouldkunde · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of klättrajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of klättraklättrato climbklättra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencebarajustbara · adverbmodifies klättrahälftenhalfhälft · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of klättrasåasså · adverbmodifies brabrawellbra · adverbmodifies klättrasomassom · prepositionintroduces the clause of enFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
enoneman · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of klättraSurfaces are only "en"/"En" used as a counting pronoun ("en av dem" = "one of them"), not the indefinite generic pronoun man/en ("one does X"). Lemma is mistagged as man; it should be en (numeral pronoun "one"). Gloss "one" happens to still be correct.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking dedetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralmodifies ensurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
därtheredär · adverbmodifies entänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to klättrarävenfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktesåthenså · adverbmodifies sovaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sovadethoseen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of härnereSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
härneredown herehärnere · adverbsubject of sovaintenotinte · particlemodifies sovalängefor longlänge · adverbmodifies sovafåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of sovasovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with klättraiini · prepositiondepends on sovaropeacero · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase i- 11
As soon as the squirrel had been caught and the chase was over, Smirre went up to the marten, but stopped two paces off, as a sign that he did not want to rob him of his catch.
Såasså · adverbmodifies blivitsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies Såsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivitekorrenthe squirrelekorr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on gickinfångadcaughtinfångad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjaktenchasejakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies gicktillovertill · prepositionpart of the phrase varändaoverända · adverbpart of the phrase tillgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceSmirreSmirreSmirre · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of gickProper name of the fox; mistagged as a common noun plural.
framforwardfram · adverbmodifies gicktilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking mårdenmårdenmartenmård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking stegstvåtwotvå · numeral, nominativequantifies stegsstegsstepsstegs · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies avståndavstånddistanceavstånd · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of stannadetillastill · prepositionpreposition marking teckenettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of teckenteckensigntecken · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gickattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of berövahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of berövaintenotinte · particlemodifies berövavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of berövaberövarobberöva · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying teckenhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularpossessor of jaktbytetjaktbytetthe catchjaktbyt · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of beröva He greeted the marten most amiably and congratulated him on the kill.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hälsadehälsadegreetedhälsa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemycketmostmycket · adverbmodifies vänligtvänligtkindlyvänlig · adverbmodifies hälsadepågreetedpå · prepositionpreposition marking mårdenmårdenmartenmård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hälsadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlyckönskadecongratulatedlyckönska · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hälsadehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lyckönskadetillontill · prepositionpreposition marking fångstenfångstencatchfångst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lyckönskadeSmirre chose his words well, as foxes always do.
SmirreSmirreSmirre · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of ladeProper name of the fox; mistagged as a common noun plural.
ladechosela · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentence"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
sinahissig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of ordordwordsord · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of ladevälwellväl · adverbmodifies ladesomassom · pronounsubject of rävarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
rävarfoxesräva · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on ladetagged as a verb form but every occurrence is the plural noun 'rävar' (foxes); glossed as the noun it actually is.
alltidalwaysalltid · adverbmodifies göragöradogöra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of rävarThe marten, on the other hand, who with his long slender body, his fine head, his soft fur, and his light-brown throat patch seemed a little wonder of beauty, was in fact nothing but a rough forest-dweller, and he scarcely answered him.
Mårdenmartenmård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of togdäremoton the other handdäremot · adverbmodifies Mårdensomwhosom · pronounintroduces the clause of kroppThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking kroppsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of kropplångsmalalong and slenderlångsmal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies kroppkroppbodykropp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of togsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of huvudpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
finafinefin · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies huvudhuvudheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularin apposition to kroppsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of skinnpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
mjukasoftmjuk · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies skinnskinnfurskinn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with kroppochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of halsfläckljusbrunalight-brownljusbruna · adjective, nominativemodifies halsfläckhalsfläckthroat patchhalsfläck · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of togutseemut · adverbdepends on togsomlikesom · prepositionpreposition marking underFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of underlitetlittleliten · adverbpart of the phrase ettthis type bundles the positive and comparative degree forms (litet, mindre) under one entry.
underwonderunder · prepositionoblique complement of togavofav · prepositionpreposition marking skönhetskönhetbeautyskönhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularagent of togvarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singulardepends on svaradethe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking verketsjälvain factsjälv · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies verketSurface "själva" is the plural/emphatic form of själv and can mean "themselves" or intensify "the very."
verketin factverk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of varthe idiom i (själva) verket means 'in fact/actually', not literal 'work'.
barajustbara · adverbmodifies skogsboenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skogsboråroughrå · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies skogsboskogsboforest-dwellerskogsbo · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies verketochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svaradesvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with toghonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of svaradeknappasthardlyknappast · adverbmodifies svarade»It surprises me all the same,» said Smirre, »that so fine a hunter as you should content himself with hunting squirrels, when there is so much better game within reach.»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of förvånarförvånarsurprisesförvåna · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of förvånarändåall the sameändå · adverbmodifies förvånarsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to förvånarSmirreSmirresmirre · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeproper name, kept unglossed/unchanged.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of jägareenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of jägaresådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies jägaresån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
jägarehunterjägare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of nöjersomassom · pronoundirect object of ärThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on jägarenöjercontents (oneself)nöja · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of nöjermedwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of jagaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of jagainfinitive marker before a verb.
jagato huntjaga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on nöjerekorrarsquirrelsekorra · verb, present, indicative, activedirect object of jaganärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of finnsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsfinnsthere isfinnas · verb, present, indicativeadverbial clause on nöjersåsoså · adverbmodifies finnsmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies bättrebättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies villebrådvillebrådgamevillebråd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of finnsinomwithininom · prepositionpreposition marking räckhållräckhållreachräckhåll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of finnsHere he broke off, but when the marten only grinned at him quite impudently, he went on: »Is it possible you have not seen the wild geese standing here beneath the rock wall?
Härherehär · adverbmodifies höllhöllbroke offhålla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllinnebroke offinne · adverbmodifies höllmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of grinademårdenmartenmård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of grinadebarajustbara · adverbmodifies grinadegrinadegrinnedgrina · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fortforåtatåt · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of grinadeheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies oförsyntoförsyntimpudentlyoförsynt · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of grinadefortforwent on/continuedfortfor · numeral, nominativecoordinated with höllPast tense of 'fortfara' (to continue); mistagged as a numeral.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fortforKancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of möjligtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with möjligtvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to möjligtmöjligtpossiblemöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasehalf the examples (ch01-p27, ch04-p30) use the fixed idiom 'allt möjligt' = 'all sorts of/everything', not the literal 'possible' sense used in the other two.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of settduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settintenotinte · particlemodifies settharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supinedepends on möjligtvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of settattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
somthatsom · pronounsubject of stårThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
stårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on vildgässenhärherehär · adverbmodifies stårunderbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking bergväggenbergväggenrock wallbergvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stårOr are you not enough of a climber to get down to them?»
Elleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to klättrareduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of klättrareintenotinte · particlemodifies klättrarenogenoughnog · adverbmodifies klättraregodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies klättrareklättrareclimberklättrare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of kommaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on klättrarenerdownner · adverbdepends on kommatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of komma- 12
This time he did not need to wait for an answer.
Dennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gångengångentimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of väntabehövdeneeded tobehöva · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of väntahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väntaintenotinte · particlemodifies väntaväntato waitvänta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencepåforpå · prepositionpreposition marking svarsvaranswersvar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of vänta The marten rushed at him, back arched and every hair on end.
Mårdenthe martenMården · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rusaderusaderushedrusa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceemotatemot · prepositiondepends on rusadehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of rusademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ryggenryggenbackrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rusadekröktarchedkrökt · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on rusadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarjeeveryvarje · determiner, singulardeterminer of hårhårhairhår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with kröktpåonpå · prepositionmodifies kröktändaon endända · adverbpart of the phrase på»Have you seen wild geese?» he hissed.
Harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of settduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settsettseense · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencevildgässwild geesevildgäss · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of settfrästehissedfräste · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frästetillsharplytill · prepositiondepends on fräste»Where are they?
Varwherevar · adverbmodifies stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of stårTell me at once, or I'll bite through your throat!»
TalatellTala · nounhead of the phraseomtellom · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies Talagenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies Talaeljestotherwiseeljest · adverbmodifies biterbiterbitebit · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of jagTwo examples ('biter') are actually the present tense of bita (to bite), mixed in under this noun key.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on Talaavthroughav · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies jagstrupenthroatstrup · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Tala— »Now, you'd best remember that I am twice your size, and be a little civil.
Nåwellnå · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseInterjection 'well/now then', mistagged as a noun.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommafårhad bestfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to Nåihågto mind (remember)ihåg · adverbdepends on kommaonly occurs in the fixed phrase komma ihåg 'to remember'.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of storjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of storärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to stordubbelttwicedubbel · adverbmodifies såAdverbial form dubbelt, "double, twice as much".
såasså · adverbmodifies storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on Nåsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of duduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on storochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to hövligenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of smulasmulabitsmula · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hövlighövligcivilhövlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with storI ask nothing better than to show you the wild geese.»
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of begärbegärask forbegära · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies begärbättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies begäränthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of visaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of visainfinitive marker before a verb.
fåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of visavisato showvisa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on begärdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of visavildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying digattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
- 13
A moment later the marten was on his way down the slope, and while Smirre sat and watched him swing his snake-slender body from branch to branch, he thought: »That handsome tree-hunter has the cruelest heart in the whole forest.
Ögonblicketa momentÖgonblicken · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of utfördärefterafterwarddärefter · adverbmodifies utförvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to utförmårdenmartenmård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of utförpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking vägvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies mårdenutfördownutföra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceFunctions here as the adverb/preposition "down" (utför trappan/kullen), not the unrelated verb utföra ("to perform").
brantenslopebrant · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of utförochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sattSmirreSmirreSmirre · pronoun, pluralsubject of sattProper name (the fox), mistagged as a plural pronoun.
sattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with utförochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattpast tense of se, 'to see.'
hurhowhur · adverbmodifies svängdehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svängdesvängdeswungsvängde · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of sågsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of kroppormsmalasnake-slenderormsmala · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies kroppkroppbodykropp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of svängdefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking grengrenbranchgren · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kropptilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking grengrenbranchgren · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of svängdetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with utförhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkteDenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of hardärtheredär · adverbmodifies harvackrabeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies trädjägarenträdjägarenthe tree-hunterträdjägare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on »detaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of hjärtagrymmastecruelestgrymm · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies hjärtahjärtahearthjärta · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hariini · prepositionpreposition marking skogenhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of har I believe the wild geese will make me pay for a bloody awakening.»
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
skawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfåmakefå · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of trormigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tackainfinitive marker before a verb.
tackathanktacka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fåGloss 'thank' is correct for the infinitive verb, but example ch13-p20-s8 ('sade en gammal tacka') uses the unrelated homograph noun 'tacka' meaning 'ewe' — that example is mis-slotted under this verb lemma and should not be read as 'to thank'.
förforför · prepositionpreposition marking uppvaknandeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of uppvaknandeblodigtbloodyblodig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies uppvaknandeuppvaknandeawakeninguppvaknande · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of tacka- 14
But just as Smirre was waiting to hear the death-shrieks of the geese, he saw the marten fall from a branch and plop down into the river, so that the water splashed high.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjustjustjust · adverbmodifies väntadedåasdå · adverbintroduces the clause of väntadeSmirreSmirreSmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativesubject of väntademistagged as a comparative adjective; this is the proper name of the fox character.
väntadewaitingvänta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sågatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hörainfinitive marker before a verb.
fåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of hörahörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of väntadegässensthe geese'sgäss · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of dödsskrändödsskrändeath-shrieksdödsskrän · adjective, nominative, singulardirect object of hörasågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fallahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågmårdenmartenmård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fallafallato fallfalla · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking grenenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of grengrenbranchgren · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fallaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationplumsaplopplumsa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with grennerdownner · adverbmodifies fallaiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking ånånthe riverån · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of nerMistagged as a proper noun; ån is simply the definite form of å ("river").
såsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of stänkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of stänktestänktesprayedstänka · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on fallahögthighhög · adverbmodifies stänktethis type bundles the positive, comparative, and superlative degree forms (högt, högre, högst) under one entry.
Directly after came a hard clap of stiff wings, and all the geese rose in hurried flight.
Straxdirectlystrax · adverbmodifies därpådärpåthen/after thatdärpå · adverbmodifies smälldesmälldeclappedsmälla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with smälldestarkthardstark · adverbmodifies smälldeAdverbial form 'starkt' modifying nouns like a predicate adjective in these examples, sense shifts between 'loud' and 'strong/solid'.
iwithi · prepositionpreposition marking vingarhårdahardhård · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vingarvingarwingsving · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of smälldeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of gässengässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lyftegässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
lyfteliftedlyfa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with smälldeunderinunder · prepositionpreposition marking flyktbrådskandehurriedbrådskande · adjective, nominativemodifies flyktflyktflightflykt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lyfte- 15
Smirre meant to hurry after the geese at once, but he was so curious to learn how they had been saved that he stayed where he was, until the marten came climbing back up.
SmirreSmirreSmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativesubject of ämnademistagged as a comparative adjective; this is the proper name of the fox character.
ämnadeintendedämna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies ämnadeskyndato hurryskynda · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of ämnadeefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking gässengässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skyndagässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of nyfikenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to nyfikensåsoså · adverbmodifies nyfikennyfikencuriousnyfiken · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ämnadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vetainfinitive marker before a verb.
fåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of vetavetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on nyfikenhurhowhur · adverbmodifies räddadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of räddadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of räddadeblivitbecomebli · auxiliary verb, active, supinepassive auxiliary of räddaderäddadesavedrädda · adjective, nominative, pluralclausal complement of vetaMerges plural of the adjective 'rädd' (afraid) with forms of the unrelated verb 'rädda' (to save); sense depends entirely on context.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of satthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on räddadekvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on sattändauntilända · adverbmodifies komtillsuntiltills · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommårdenmartenmård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sattuppklättrandeclimbing upuppklättra · adjective, nominativedirect object of kom The poor creature was soaked through and stopped now and again to rub his head with his forepaws.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stackarenstackarenthe poor fellowstackar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dyvåtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to dyvåtdyvåtsoaked throughdyvåt · nounhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with dyvåtdånowdå · adverbmodifies stannadeochandoch · conjunctionmodifies stannadedåagaindå · adverbmodifies stannadeförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of gnidaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gnidainfinitive marker before a verb.
gnidarubgnida · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stannadehuvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gnidamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking framtassarnaframtassarnathe front pawsframtassarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gnida»Wasn't it just as I thought, that you were a clumsy fool and would tumble into the river?» said Smirre scornfully.
Varwasvar · adverbmodifies troddedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with Varintenotinte · particlemodifies troddedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with troddejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of troddetroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of drummelduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of drummelvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to drummelenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of drummeldrummelclumsy fooldrummel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of troddeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ramlaramlato tumbleramla · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with drummeliintoi · prepositionpreposition marking ånånthe riverån · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ramlasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceSmirreSmirreSmirre · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sadeProper name of the fox; mistagged as a common noun plural.
föraktligtscornfullyföraktlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sade- 16
»I have not behaved clumsily at all.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of buritharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of buritintenotinte · particlemodifies buritburitbehavedburit · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of buritdrumligtclumsilydrumlig · adverbmodifies buritåtin that wayåt · prepositiondepends on burit You needn't scold me,» said the marten.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of grälabehöverneedbehöva · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of grälaintenotinte · particlemodifies grälagrälato scoldgräla · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencepåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of grälasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with grälamårdenmartenmård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade»I was already sitting on one of the lowest branches and thinking over how I would go about tearing to pieces a whole crowd of geese, when a little mite, no bigger than a squirrel, rushed up and hurled a stone at my head with such force that I fell into the water, and before I managed to scramble up...
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies sattpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking enenoneman · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattSurfaces are only "en"/"En" used as a counting pronoun ("en av dem" = "one of them"), not the indefinite generic pronoun man/en ("one does X"). Lemma is mistagged as man; it should be en (numeral pronoun "one"). Gloss "one" happens to still be correct.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking grenarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of grenarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
nederstalowestnedersta · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies grenarnagrenarnathe branchesgrenarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies enochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattöveroveröver · prepositionintroduces the clause of kommahurhowhur · adverbmodifies kommajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tänkteåtgo aboutåt · adverbdepends on kommaMostly the adverb åt with the senses listed, but example ch02-p31-s1 ('Hela tiden, som pojken åt...') is not this adverb at all — it is åt as the past tense of äta ('ate'). The gloss's senses list must cover this example or a downstream consumer will render 'ate' as a directional adverb.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of rivainfinitive marker before a verb.
rivatearriva · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kommaihjälto deathihjäl · verb, past, participle, neuter, singular, nominativeindirect object of rivaParticle used with verbs like 'slå ihjäl' (kill) or 'riva ihjäl' (tear to death).
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of mängdhelwholehel · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies mängdmängda great manymängd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rivaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking gässengässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies mängdgässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionmodifies sattenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of parvellitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies parvelparvellittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase närsomwhosom · pronounsubject of störreThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies störrevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to störrestörrebiggerstor · adjective, nominative, comparativerelative clause on parvelänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking ekorreenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ekorreekorresquirrelekorre · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of störrerusaderushedrusa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with störreoppupopp · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldepends on rusadeOpp is a historical spelling of modern upp.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with oppenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stenstenstonesten · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of rusadeiati · prepositionpreposition marking huvudethuvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of rusadepåmypå · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rusademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking kraftsådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kraftsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
kraftstrengthkraft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rusadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fölljagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of föllföllfellföll · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on rusadeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking vattnetvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of föllochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hannjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hannhannhad timehann · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kravlaPast tense of hinna, 'to have time to / manage to (before something else happens)'.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kravlainfinitive marker before a verb.
kravlascramblekravla · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with föllmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of kravlaoppupopp · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on kravlamistagged as a verb; this is the dialectal/colloquial adverb opp, a variant of upp 'up'.
- 17
The marten had no need to tell more.
Mårdenmartenmård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of berättabehövdeneeded tobehöva · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of berättaintenotinte · particlemodifies berättaberättato tellberätta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencevidarefurthervidare · adverbmodifies berätta He had no listener left.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of åhörareåhörarelisteneråhörare · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hademerleftmycket · adverbmodifies hadeSmirre was already far away, on his way after the geese.
SmirreSmirresmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativesubject of varName of Smirre the fox; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a comparative adjective.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies långtlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies bortabortafar awayborta · adverbmodifies varpåonpå · prepositionmodifies varvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase påefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking gässengässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of pågässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
- 18
Meanwhile Akka had flown southward, seeking a new sleeping place.
Undermeanwhileunder · prepositionpreposition marking tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flugithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flugitAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of flugitproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
flugitflownflu · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesöderutsouthwardsöderut · adverbdepends on flugitmedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of söktehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of söktesöktesoughtsöka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on flugitenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sovplatsnynewny · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sovplatssovplatssleeping placesovplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sökte There was still a little daylight left, and besides the half-moon stood high in the sky, so that she could see tolerably well.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
ännustillännu · adverbmodifies fannsenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagsljussmulabitsmula · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies dagsljusdagsljusdaylightdagsljus · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärtillbesidesdärtill · adverbmodifies stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fannshalvmånenthe half-moonhalvmån · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of stodhögthighhög · adverbmodifies stodthis type bundles the positive, comparative, and superlative degree forms (högt, högre, högst) under one entry.
påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking himlenhimlenskyhiml · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodsåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of seattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stodnågorlundafairly wellnågorlunda · adverbmodifies seLuckily she was well acquainted with the district, because it had happened more than once that she had been storm-driven to Blekinge when she had crossed the Baltic in springtime.
Tillluckilytill · prepositionpreposition marking lyckaallallall · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lyckalyckaluckilylycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hemmastaddvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to hemmastaddhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hemmastaddvälwellväl · adverbmodifies hemmastaddhemmastaddat homehemmastadd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasemistagged as a noun; it is the adjective for feeling at home/familiar with a place.
därtheredär · adverbmodifies häntiini · prepositionpreposition marking traktentraktenregiontrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of därdärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of häntattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därfördetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of hänthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hänthänthappenedhända · verb, active, supinerelative clause on hemmastaddmermoremycket · adverbmodifies enänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase merenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of häntattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivithonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineclause modifying gångvinddrivenstorm-drivenvinddriv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitåttoåt · prepositionpreposition marking BlekingeBlekingeBlekingeBlekinge · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of blivitA Swedish province.
närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of resthonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of restominom · prepositionpreposition marking vårarnavårarnain springtimevåre · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of resthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of restresttraveledrest · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on blivitöveracrossöver · prepositionpreposition marking ÖstersjönÖstersjönthe Baltic SeaÖstersjön · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of rest- 19
She followed the river as long as she could see it wind through the moonlit landscape like a black, glittering snake.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of följdeföljdefollowedfölja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceånthe riverån · verb, past, indicative, passivedirect object of följdesåasså · adverbmodifies längelängeas long aslänge · adverbmodifies följdesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of såghonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on längepast tense of se, 'to see.'
deniten · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of sågslingrawindslingr · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of sågframforwardfram · adverbmodifies slingragenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking landskapetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of landskapetmånljusamoonlitmånljusa · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies landskapetlandskapetlandscapelandskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of framsomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking ormenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of svartsvartblacksvar · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ormSurface 'svart' is the adjective svart (black); the lemma 'svar' (answer) is a backbone mistag.
blänkandeglitteringblänkande · adjective, nominativecoordinated with svartormsnakeorm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying landskapet In this way she came all the way down to Djupafors, where the river first hides itself in an underground channel and then, clear and transparent as though it were made of glass, plunges down into a narrow gorge, against whose bottom it shatters into glittering drops and flying spray.
Påinpå · prepositionmodifies komsåthisså · adverbpart of the phrase Påsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase Påkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komändaall the wayända · adverbmodifies nernerdownner · adverbmodifies komtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking DjupaforsDjupaforsDjupaforsDjupafor · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of nerWaterfall/place name.
därtheredär · adverbmodifies gömmerånthe riverån · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gömmerförstfirstförst · adverbmodifies gömmergömmerhidesgömma · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on Djupaforssigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of gömmeriini · prepositionpreposition marking rännaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rännaunderjordiskundergroundunderjordisk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies rännarännachannelränna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gömmerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsedanthensedan · adverbmodifies klarklarclearklar · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with rännaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgenomskinligtransparentgenomskinlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with klarsomas thoughsom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of störtaromifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of glasdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of glasvorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to glasavofav · prepositionpreposition marking glasglasglassglas · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of störtarstörtarplungesstörta · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gömmersigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of störtarnerdownner · adverbmodifies störtariini · prepositionpreposition marking klyftaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of klyftatrångnarrowtrång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies klyftaklyftagorgeklyfta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nermotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking bottenvarswhosevars · pronounpossessor of bottenbottenbottombotten · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slårdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of slårslårshattersslå · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on klyftasönderapart/brokensönder · adverbdepends on slårsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of slåriintoi · prepositionpreposition marking dropparglittrandeglitteringglittrande · adjective, nominativemodifies droppardroppardropsdropp · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of slårochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkringflygandeflyingkringflyga · adjective, nominativemodifies skumMistagged as an adjective; 'kringflygande' is the present participle of 'kringflyga' (to fly about).
skumfoamskum · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with dropparBelow the white falls lay a few rocks, between which the water roared away in a wild torrent, and here Akka came down.
NedanförbelowNedanför · prepositionpreposition marking falletdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of falletvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies falletfalletfallsfall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of lågolågolaylågo · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasemistagged as a noun; this is the archaic plural past tense of ligga 'to lie' (they lay).
någrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of stenarstenarstonessten · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of lågomellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking vattnetvilkawhichvilken · pronoun, pluraldeterminer of vattnetvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of brusadebrusaderoaredbrusa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågobortawaybort · adverbdepends on brusadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking forsvildwildvild · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies forsforsrapidsfors · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of brusadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhärherehär · adverbmodifies slogslogcame downslå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågoLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
AkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of slogproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
nerdownner · adverbmodifies slogThis was once again a good sleeping place, especially so late in the evening, when no humans were about.
Dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sovplatsvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to sovplatsåterigenagainåterig · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies varThis is the adverb återigen 'again', mistagged as a noun.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sovplatsgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sovplatssovplatssleeping placesovplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseiini · prepositionmodifies sovplatssynnerhetespeciallysynnerhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iOnly occurs in the fixed phrase 'i synnerhet' = especially.
såsoså · adverbmodifies sentdärtheredär · adverbmodifies sentsentlatesen · adverbadverbial clause on sovplatspåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking kvällenkvälleneveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sentnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of voroingano/noneingen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vorovorowerevoro · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sentiini · prepositionpreposition marking rörelserörelsemovementrörelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of voroAt sunset the geese would surely not have been able to settle there, for Djupafors does not lie in any wilderness.
Iati · prepositionpreposition marking solnedgångensolnedgångensunsetsolnedgång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slåhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slånogsurelynog · adverbmodifies slåintenotinte · particlemodifies slågässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slågässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
kunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of slåslåsettleslå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencenerdownner · adverbdepends on slådärtheredär · adverbmodifies slåförforför · prepositionpreposition marking DjupaforsDjupaforsDjupaforsDjupafor · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of slåWaterfall/place name.
liggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with slåintenotinte · particlemodifies liggeriini · prepositionpreposition marking ödemarknågonanynågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ödemarködemarkwildernessödemark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of liggerOn one side of the falls rises a paper-pulp mill, and on the other, which is steep and wooded, lies Djupadal Park, where people constantly wander about on the slippery, steep paths to delight in the wild stream's roaring course down in the gorge.
Påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sidanenaoneena · adjective, nominativemodifies sidansidansidesida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of reseromofom · prepositionintroduces the clause of reserfalletfallsfall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of reserreserrisesresa · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentence3 of 4 examples in this chunk are reflexive 'reser sig' meaning 'rises/raises itself' (a mill, a wall, a town), not 'travels'. The glosser's single gloss 'travels' only fits the ch04-p17 example.
sigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of reserenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of pappersmassefabrikpappersmassefabrikpaper-pulp millpappersmassefabrik · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of reserochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking andradenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andraandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularcoordinated with pappersmassefabriksomwhichsom · pronounsubject of brantThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to brantbrantsteepbrand · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularrelative clause on andraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationträdbevuxenwoodedträdbevuxen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with brantliggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceDjupadalsDjupadal'sDjupadal · proper noun, genitivepossessor of parkparkparkpark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of liggerdärtheredär · adverbmodifies strövamänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of strövaständigtconstantlyständig · adverbmodifies strövaströvawanderströva · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on parkomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies strövapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking haladetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of halaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
halaslipperyhal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stigarnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbrantasteepbrant · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with halastigarnathe pathsstiga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of strövaförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of glädjaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of glädjainfinitive marker before a verb.
glädjato delightglädja · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on strövasigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of glädjaåtinåt · prepositionpreposition marking färddenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of färdyrawildyra · adjective, nominativemodifies färdströmmensthe stream'sströmm · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of färdbrusanderoaringbrusande · adjective, nominativemodifies färddescribes rushing water or wind.
färdjourneyfärd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of glädjaneredownnere · adverbmodifies färdiini · prepositionpreposition marking klyftanklyftangorgeklyfta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nere- 20
It was the same here as at the previous place, that not one of the travelers gave the least thought to the fact that they had come to a beautiful and much-praised spot.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of härvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to härpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of härhärherehär · adverbhead of the phrasesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ställetpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking ställetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ställetförrapreviousförra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies ställetställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of härattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tänkteingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of tänkteavofav · prepositionpreposition marking resenärernaresenärernathe travelersresenärere · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies ingentänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on härdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of minstaminstaleastliten · adjective, nominative, superlativedirect object of tänktepåaboutpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of kommitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommitdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on tänktetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking vackerenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vackervackerbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies platsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvittberömdwidely renownedvittberömd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with vackerplatsplaceplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kommit Rather they thought it dreadful and dangerous to stand and sleep on wet, slippery rocks in the middle of a roaring torrent.
Snararerathersnarare · adverbmodifies tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of tycktesurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
välpresumablyväl · adverbmodifies tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hemsktdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with hemsktvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to hemskthemsktdreadfulhemskt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of tyckteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfarligtdangerousfarlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with hemsktatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ståinfinitive marker before a verb.
ståstandstå · verb, active, infinitivedepends on hemsktochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with ståpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking stenarhalaslipperyhal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stenarvåtawetvåt · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with halastenarstonessten · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sovamittin the middlemitt · adverbcoordinated with hemsktiini · prepositionpreposition marking forsenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of forsdånanderoaringdånande · adjective, nominativemodifies forsforsrapidsfors · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hemsktBut they had to be content, so long as they were safe from beasts of prey.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of fingofingogotfingo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of nöjdaMistagged as a noun; fingo is the archaic plural past tense of få ("got/were given").
juafter allju · adverbmodifies nöjdavarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to nöjdanöjdacontentnöjd · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasebarajustbara · adverbmodifies fredadedetheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fredadeSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying dearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
fredadeprotectedfreda · adjective, nominative, pluralparallel clause to nöjdaförfromför · prepositionpreposition marking rovdjurrovdjurbeasts of preyrovdjur · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of fredade- 21
The geese fell asleep at once, but the boy had no peace to sleep, and instead sat beside them so as to be able to keep watch over the gander.
Gässenthe geeseGässen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fölloföllofellföllo · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceArchaic plural past of falla.
genastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies fölloiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking sömnsömnsleepsömn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of föllomenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with föllointenotinte · particlemodifies haderopeacero · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sovainfinitive marker before a verb.
sovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hadeutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
sattsatsätta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hadeThis form (satt) is actually the past tense of sitta 'to sit', not sätta 'to set'; glossed by its real sense.
bredvidnearbybredvid · adverbdepends on sattdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of sattförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of vakaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vakainfinitive marker before a verb.
kunnato be able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of vakavakato keep watchvaka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sattöveroveröver · prepositiondepends on vakagåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of vaka - 22
In a while Smirre came running along the riverbank.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceSmirreSmirreSmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies springandemistagged as a comparative adjective; this is the proper name of the fox character.
springanderunningspringande · adjective, nominativedirect object of komutmedalongutmed · prepositionpreposition marking åstrandenåstrandenthe riverbankåstrand · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of kom He caught sight of the geese at once, where they stood out in the eddies of foam, and understood that this time too he could not get at them.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickcaught sightfå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies ficksynsightsyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickpåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking gässengässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fickgässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
därtheredär · adverbmodifies stododetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of stodostodostoodstodo · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fickuteoutsideute · adverbmodifies stodoiini · prepositionpreposition marking skumvirvlarnaskumvirvlarnathe foamy eddiesskumvirvl · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of uteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförstodunderstoodförstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodoattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommaintenotinte · particlemodifies kommahellereitherheller · adverbmodifies kommanunownu · adverbmodifies kommakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of förstodåtatåt · prepositiondepends on kommademthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of kommaBut he could not bring himself to give them up, and instead sat down on the bank and watched them.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förmåkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förmåintenotinte · particlemodifies förmåförmåbring himself toförmå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of förmåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of övergeinfinitive marker before a verb.
övergeto give upöverge · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on förmådemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of övergeutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
sattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with förmåpast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sattepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking strandenstrandenshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of satteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbetraktadewatchedbetrakta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of betraktadeHe felt deeply humiliated, and it seemed to him that his whole reputation as a hunter was at stake.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändekändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kändemycketdeeplymycket · adverbmodifies förödmjukadförödmjukadhumiliatedförödmjuka · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of kändeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with förödmjukadattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stodhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies anseendehanshishan · pronounpossessor of anseendeanseendereputationanseende · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of stodsomassom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking jägarejägarehuntersjägare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies anseendestodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on förödmjukadpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking spelspelat stakespel · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stod- 23
Just then he saw an otter come creeping up out of the rapids with a fish in its mouth.
Rättjust thenrätt · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesomsuddenlysom · subordinating conjunctiondirect object of sågdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sågvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Rättpast tense of se, 'to see.'
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of utterutterotterutter · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sågkommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of sågkrypandecreepingkrypande · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kommauppupupp · adverbdepends on kommaurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking forsenforsenthe rapidsforse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uppmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking fiskenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fiskfiskfishfisk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommaiini · prepositionpreposition marking munnenmunnenmouthmun · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fisk Smirre went toward him, but stopped two paces off to show that he did not want to take the catch from him.
SmirreSmirresmirre · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of gickThis is the proper name of the fox character, mistagged as a common noun.
gickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceemottowardemot · prepositiondepends on gickhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of gickmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickpåoffpå · prepositionpreposition marking stegstvåtwotvå · numeral, nominativequantifies stegsstegsstepsstegs · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of stannadeavstånddistanceavstånd · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gickförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of visaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of visainfinitive marker before a verb.
visato showvisa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gickattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of taintenotinte · particlemodifies tavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of visaifrånfromifrån · prepositiondepends on tahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies jaktbytetjaktbytetthe catchjaktbyt · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of ta»You are a strange one, to content yourself with catching fish, when there are wild geese standing there on the rocks,» said Smirre.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märkvärdigärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to märkvärdigenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of märkvärdigmärkvärdigremarkablemärkvärdig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of märkvärdigsomtosom · pronounsubject of nöjerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
nöjercontents (oneself)nöja · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on märkvärdigdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of nöjermedwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of fångaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fångainfinitive marker before a verb.
fångato catchfånga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on nöjerfiskfishfisk · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fånganärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stårdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fångafulltfullfull · adverbmodifies stårAdverbial use of full/fullt, e.g. 'fullt så' = 'quite as'.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässvildgässwild geesevildgäss · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of ståruteoutsideute · adverbmodifies stårpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking stenarnastenarnastonessten · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of utesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to märkvärdigSmirreSmirreSmirre · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sadeProper name of the fox; mistagged as a common noun plural.
He was so eager that he had no time to choose his words as carefully as he usually did.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ivrigvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ivrigsåsoså · adverbmodifies ivrigivrigeagerivrig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadeintenotinte · particlemodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ivrigtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of läggainfinitive marker before a verb.
läggato lay/putlägga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hadesinahissig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of ordordwordsord · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of läggasåsoså · adverbmodifies välvälcarefullyväl · adverbmodifies läggasomassom · pronoundirect object of läggaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brukadebrukadeused tobruka · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on somThe otter did not so much as turn his head toward the stream.
Utternthe otterUttern · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändevändeturnedvän · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceReally the past tense 'vände' of the verb vända ('to turn'), mistagged here under lemma vän.
intenotinte · particlemodifies vändeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångso much asgång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of vändehuvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of vändeutåttowardutåt · adverbmodifies strömmenströmmenthe streamströmm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vändeHe was a wanderer, as all otters are, had fished many a time in Lake Vomb, and knew Smirre the fox well.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of landstrykarevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to landstrykareenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of landstrykarelandstrykarewandererlandstrykare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomassom · pronounintroduces the clause of uttrarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
allaallall · pronoun, pluraldeterminer of uttraruttrarottersuttra · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on landstrykarehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to landstrykaremångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fiskatfiskatfishedfiska · verb, active, supineclausal complement of hadevidinvid · prepositionpreposition marking VombsjönVombsjönLake VombVombsjön · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of fiskatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fiskatvälwellväl · adverbmodifies kändetillabouttill · prepositionpreposition marking rävSmirreSmirreSmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativepossessor of rävmistagged as a comparative adjective; this is the proper name of the fox character.
rävfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kände»I know well enough how you go about tricking a trout for yourself, Smirre,» he said.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenogwell enoughnog · adverbmodifies vethurhowhur · adverbmodifies bärduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bärbärgo aboutbä · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sadelemma is really bära ('to carry'); surface bär.
digyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of bäråtabout itåt · prepositiondepends on bärförin orderför · prepositionpreposition marking narraattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase förnarratricknarra · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of bärInfinitive of the verb 'narra' (to trick/deceive), mistagged here as a noun.
tillfortill · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies narraenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of laxöringlaxöringtroutlaxöring · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to narraSmirreSmirreSmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativecoordinated with laxöringmistagged as a comparative adjective; this is the proper name of the fox character.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of vethanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade— »Ah, is it you, Gripe,» said Smirre, and grew glad, for he knew this otter was a bold and skillful swimmer.
JasåahJaså · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of detInterjection mistagged as a noun; expresses mild surprise or acknowledgment and its English rendering shifts with tone.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phraseduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of detGripeGripeGripe · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with dusadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on detSmirreSmirresmirre · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sadeThis is the proper name of the fox character, mistagged as a common noun.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadegladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevdärförfordärför · adverbintroduces the clause of vissteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därförhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of simmaredenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of djärvhärherehär · adverbmodifies djärvutternotterutter · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of djärvvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to djärvenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of djärvdjärvbolddjärv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies simmareochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkunnigskillfulkunnig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with djärvsimmareswimmersimmare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralclausal complement of sade»I'm not surprised you take no notice of the wild geese, since you're not able to get out to them.»
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undrarundrarwondersundra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies undrarpåsurprisedpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of seattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of seduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of seintenotinte · particlemodifies sevillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on undraråtatåt · prepositiondepends on sevildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of seattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of iduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of iintenotinte · particlemodifies iärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to iiablei · prepositionadverbial clause on seståndablestånd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase iatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on iutoutut · adverbdepends on kommatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of kommaBut the otter, who had webbed feet, a stiff tail as good as an oar, and a coat that no wet could get through, would not have it said of him that there was any torrent he could not manage.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationutternotterutter · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hasomwhosom · pronounsubject of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on utternsimhudwebbingsimhud · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hademellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking tårnatårnathe toestårna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of hadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of svansstyvstiffstyv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies svanssvanstailsvans · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadesomwhichsom · pronounsubject of godThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to godsåasså · adverbmodifies godgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on utternsomassom · prepositionintroduces the clause of åraFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of åraåraan oaråra · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of godochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of pälspälsfur/coatpäls · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with utternsomthatsom · pronounsubject of ogenomträngligThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ogenomträngligogenomträngligimpenetrableogenomtränglig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on pälsförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking vätavätawetnessväta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on ogenomträngligvillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of haintenotinte · particlemodifies hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hasagtsaidsäga · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of haReally the supine 'sagt' of the verb säga ('to say'), mistagged here as an adjective.
omofom · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of haattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fannsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativeadverbial clause on haexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of forsforsrapidfors · noun, genitive, common gender, singularsubject of fannssomthatsom · pronoundirect object of råThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råintenotinte · particlemodifies råkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of råråto managerå · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on forsmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking råHe turned toward the current, and as soon as he had caught sight of the wild geese, he flung the fish from him and plunged down the steep bank into the river.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändevändeturnedväna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vändemottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking strömmenströmmenthe currentströmm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vändeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåasså · adverbmodifies snartsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies ochsomassom · adverbmodifies fåttAdverbial/conjunctive use of som ('as/just as'), distinct from its usual relative-pronoun sense.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttfåttcaughtfå · verb, active, supinecoordinated with vändesynsightsyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåttpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fåttattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
slängdethrewslänga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slängdefiskenfishfisk · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of slängdeifrånfromifrån · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of slängdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstörtaderushedstörta · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with slängdeTagged as an adjective but is 'störtade', past tense plural of 'störta', rushed/plunged.
utfördownutföra · verb, present, indicative, activecomplement of slängdeFunctions here as the adverb/preposition "down" (utför trappan/kullen), not the unrelated verb utföra ("to perform").
denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of strandenbrantasteepbrant · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies strandenstrandenshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of utförnerdownner · adverbmodifies utföriintoi · prepositionpreposition marking ånånthe riverån · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ner- 24
Had it been further on in the spring, so that the nightingales in Djupadal Park had been at home, they would afterward, on many a night, have sung of Gripe's battle with the torrent.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lidetdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lidethadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lidetvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to lidetlängrefurtherlänge · adverbmodifies lidetlidetfurther onlide · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasepåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking vårenvårenspringvår · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lidetsåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of varitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sånäktergalarnathe nightingalesnäktergalarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of varitiini · prepositionpreposition marking parkDjupadalsDjupadal'sDjupadal · proper noun, genitivepossessor of parkparkparkpark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies näktergalarnahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sjungithemmaat homehemma · adverbmodifies varitskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sjungitdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sjungitsedanthensedan · adverbmodifies sjungitioni · prepositionpreposition marking nättermångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies nätternätternightsnätt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sjungithahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of sjungitsjungitsungsjunga · verb, active, supinedepends on lidetomofom · prepositionpreposition marking stridGripesGripe'sGripes · proper noun, genitivepossessor of stridstridbattlestrid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sjungitmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking forsenforsenthe rapidsforse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies strid For the otter was time and again torn away by the waves and swept downriver, but he fought his way up again each time.
Förforför · prepositionpreposition marking utternutternotterutter · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencefleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of bortrycktbortryckttorn awaybortryck · verb, active, supinecomplement of blevavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking vågornavågornawavesvågore · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralagent of blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfördsweptförda · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with blevneråtdownwardneråt · adverbmodifies fördånthe riverån · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of fördMistagged as a proper noun; ån is simply the definite form of å ("river").
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kämpadekämpadefoughtkämpa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blevsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kämpadeständigtconstantlyständig · adverbmodifies uppåtuppåtupwarduppåt · adverbcomplement of kämpadeigenagainigen · adverbmodifies kämpadeHe swam on through still water, he crawled over stones, and little by little drew nearer the wild geese.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesamswamsam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasePast tense of 'simma' (to swim), mistagged as an adjective.
framforwardfram · adverbmodifies samithroughi · prepositionpreposition marking dödvattendödvattenstill waterdödvatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of framhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kröpkröpcreptkröp · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to samPast tense of krypa despite the 'present' tag.
överoveröver · prepositionpreposition marking stenarstenarstonessten · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kröpochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kröpsågraduallyså · adverbmodifies komsmåningomgraduallysmåningom · adverbdepends on komUsed in the fixed phrase så småningom 'little by little.'
närmarenearernära · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of komattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
It was a perilous journey, one that might well have deserved to be sung by the nightingales.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of färdvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to färdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of färdvådligperilousvådlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies färdfärdjourneyfärd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounsubject of haThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
välwellväl · adverbmodifies hakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hahahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on färdförtjänatdeservedförtjänat · verb, active, supinecomplement of haatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bliinfinitive marker before a verb.
blibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on habesjungensung ofbesjung · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bliavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking näktergalarnanäktergalarnathe nightingalesnäktergalarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies besjungen- 25
Smirre followed his course with his eyes as best he could.
SmirreSmirresmirre · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of följdeThis is the proper name of the fox character, mistagged as a common noun.
följdefollowedfölja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking blickenblickenglanceblick · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of följdehanshishan · pronounpossessor of vägvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of följdesåasså · adverbmodifies kundegottbestgod · adverbpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kundekundecouldkunna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with följde At last he saw that the otter was about to climb up to the wild geese.
Tillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies sågsistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase Tillsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varutternotterutter · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of sågiabout toi · prepositionpreposition marking färdfärdjourneyfärd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of varmedwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of klättraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of klättrainfinitive marker before a verb.
klättrato climbklättra · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying färduppupupp · adverbdepends on klättratilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of klättraattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
But just then there came a shrill and wild scream.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjustjustjust · adverbmodifies skrekdåthendå · adverbmodifies skrekskrekshriekedskrek · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with skrektillouttill · prepositionintroduces the clause of gälltgälltshrillgälla · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on skrekUsed adjectivally/adverbially of a shrill sound (ett gällt skrik = a shrill scream; skrek gällt = screamed shrilly), distinct from gälla "to apply." "Shrilled" is the wrong part of speech for these examples.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationviltwildvilt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with gälltThe otter plunged backward into the water and was swept away, as though he had been a blind kitten.
Utternthe otterUttern · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of störtadestörtadeplungedstörta · verb, past, indicative, activemodifies baklängesbaklängesbackwardbaklänge · verb, present, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentenceAdverb 'baklänges' (backward), mistagged as a passive verb.
nerdownner · adverbmodifies baklängesiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking vattnetvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of nerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationryckteswas swept awayrycktes · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with baklängesbortawaybort · adverbdepends on rycktessomas thoughsom · pronounintroduces the clause of kattungeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kattungehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kattungehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kattungevaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to kattungeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kattungeblindblindblind · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kattungekattungekittenkattunge · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on baklängesDirectly after, there came a hard clap of the geese's wings.
Straxdirectlystrax · adverbmodifies därpådärpåthen/after thatdärpå · adverbmodifies smälldesmälldeclappedsmälla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of smälldehårthardhård · adverbmodifies smälldeiwithi · prepositionpreposition marking vingargässensthe geese'sgäss · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of vingarvingarwingsving · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of smälldeThey rose and flew off to find themselves another sleeping place.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of lyftelyfteliftedlyfa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationforotraveledforo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with lyfteArchaic plural past tense of fara ("to go/travel"), not a noun; the parser mistagged it.
bortawaybort · adverbmodifies lyfteförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of skaffaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of skaffainfinitive marker before a verb.
skaffato getskaffa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on lyftesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of skaffaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sovplatsannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sovplatssovplatssleeping placesovplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skaffa- 26
The otter soon came up onto land.
Utternthe otterUttern · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies komuppupupp · adverbdepends on kompåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kom He said nothing and began licking one forepaw.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of slickainfinitive marker before a verb.
slickalickslicka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of framfotenenaoneena · adjective, nominativemodifies framfotenframfotenthe forefootframfot · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of slickaWhen Smirre mocked him for not having succeeded, he burst out: »There was nothing wrong with my swimming, Smirre.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hånadeSmirreSmirreSmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativesubject of hånademistagged as a comparative adjective; this is the proper name of the fox character.
hånademockedhåna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on bröthonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hånadedärförfordärför · adverbintroduces the clause of lyckatsattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därförhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lyckatsintenotinte · particlemodifies lyckatshadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lyckatslyckatssucceededlycka · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hånadeImpersonal 'lyckats' from 'lyckas' (to succeed); lemma should be 'lyckas'.
brötbrokebröt · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brötutoutut · adverbdepends on brötDetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of felvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to felingetnothingingen · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies felfelwrongfel · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasepåwithpå · prepositionpreposition marking simkonstminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of simkonstpossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
simkonstswimming skillsimkonst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of felSmirreSmirreSmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativecoordinated with felmistagged as a comparative adjective; this is the proper name of the fox character.
I had already reached the geese and was just about to climb up to them, when a little mite came running and struck me in the foot with something sharp of iron.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hunnithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hunnithunnitreachedhinna · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceändaall the wayända · adverbmodifies framframforwardfram · adverbmodifies hunnittilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking gässengässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of framgässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskullewas about toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of klättrajustjustjust · adverbmodifies klättraklättrato climbklättra · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with hunnitoppupopp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on klättraDialectal form of upp ("up"), mistagged as a noun by the parser.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of klättranärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of parvellitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies parvelparvellittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on klättraspringanderunningspringande · adjective, nominativedirect object of komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhöggstruckhögg · adjective, nominative, singularcoordinated with kommigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of komiini · prepositionpreposition marking fotenfotenfootfot · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking järnnågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of järnvasstsharpvass · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies järnjärnironjärn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of komIt hurt so much that I lost my footing, and then the torrent took me.»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies ontonthurtont · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gjordeBoth examples ('göra oss något ont' = 'do us harm', 'inte hade förmått göra mycket ont' = 'not been able to do much harm') attest the sense 'harm', not 'pain', which was the pinned default gloss.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förloradejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förloradeförloradelostförlora · verb, past, indicative, activeclause modifying ontfotfästetthe footingfotfäst · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of förloradeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gjordeforsenthe rapidsforse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of togmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of tog- 27
He had no need to tell more.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of berättabehövdeneeded tobehöva · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of berättaintenotinte · particlemodifies berättaberättato tellberätta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemermoremycket · adverbmodifies berätta Smirre was already far away, on his way after the geese.
SmirreSmirresmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativesubject of varName of Smirre the fox; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a comparative adjective.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies långtlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies bortabortafar awayborta · adverbmodifies varpåonpå · prepositionmodifies varvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase påefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking gässengässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of pågässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
- 28
Once again Akka and her flock had to take to nighttime flight.
Ännuagainännu · adverbmodifies gångenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Akkamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of AkkaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhennesherhon · pronounpossessor of flockpossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
flockflockflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Akkautoutut · adverbdepends on Akkapåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking flyktnattlignighttimenattlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies flyktflyktflightflykt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ut Luckily the moon had not yet set, and by its light she managed to find another of the sleeping places she knew of thereabouts.
Tillluckilytill · prepositionpreposition marking lyckaallallall · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lyckalyckaluckilylycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåtthadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttmånenmoonmåne · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåttintenotinte · particlemodifies gåttgåttsetgå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencenerdownner · adverbdepends on gåttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ljushjälphelphjälp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase medavofav · prepositionpart of the phrase meddessitsden · pronounpossessor of ljusch03-p50 example 'sedan dess' means 'since then', not possessive 'its' — pinning the gloss to 'its' teaches a lie for that collocation.
ljuslightljus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of lyckadeslyckadesmanagedlyckades · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gåttdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lyckadeshenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lyckadesatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of finnainfinitive marker before a verb.
finnafindfinna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on lyckadesenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of annanannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of finnaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking sovplatserdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of sovplatserSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
sovplatsersleeping placessovplats · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of finnasomthatsom · pronoundirect object of kändeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändekändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on sovplatsertilloftill · prepositionpreposition marking traktendärtheredär · adverbmodifies kändeiini · prepositionpreposition marking traktentraktenregiontrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of därShe followed the glittering river once more toward the south.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of följdeföljdefollowedfölja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceåteragainåter · prepositiondepends on följdedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of blänkandeblänkandeglitteringblänkande · adjective, nominativemodifies ånånthe riverån · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of följdemottowardmot · prepositionmodifies ånsödersouthsöder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase motOver Djupadal manor and over Ronneby's dark roofs and white waterfall she glided along without settling down.
Överoveröver · adverbhead of the phraseDjupadalsDjupadal'sDjupadal · proper noun, genitivepossessor of herrgårdherrgårdmanor househerrgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svävadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking RonnebysRonnebysRonneby'sRonnebys · proper noun, genitiveoblique complement of mörkamörkadarkmörk · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies taktakroofstak · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with herrgårdochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies vattenfallvattenfallwaterfallvattenfall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with taksvävadehoveredsväva · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svävadeframforwardfram · adverbmodifies svävadeutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of slåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of slåinfinitive marker before a verb.
slåsettleslå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on svävadenerdownner · adverbdepends on slåBut a little way south of the town, not far from the sea, lies Ronneby health spa, with bathhouses and spring-houses, with great hotels and summer lodgings for the spa guests.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of styckestyckepiecestycke · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of liggersödersouthsöder · adverbmodifies styckeomofom · prepositionpreposition marking stadenstadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of söderintenotinte · particlemodifies havetlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies havetfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking havethavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularin apposition to styckeliggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceRonnebyRonnebyRonneby · proper noun, nominativesubject of liggerSwedish town/river name.
hälsobrunnhealth spahälsobrunn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Ronnebymedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking badhusbadhusbathhousebadhus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hälsobrunnochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbrunnshusspring-housesbrunnshus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with badhusmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hotellstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hotellhotellhotelshotell · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralin apposition to Ronnebyochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsommarbostädersummer lodgingssommarbostäd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with hotellförforför · prepositionpreposition marking brunnsgästerbrunnsgästerspa guestsbrunnsgäst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies sommarbostäderAll this stands empty and deserted the whole winter, as every bird well knows, and manifold are the flocks of birds that in hard stormy weather seek shelter on the balconies and verandas of the abandoned buildings.
Alltallall · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetomttomte (gnome)tomt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of stårfalse friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationödedesertedöde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase ochöde is both a neuter noun 'fate' and an unrelated adjective 'deserted/desolate'; some examples use the adjective.
helawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies vinternvinternwintervinter · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with tomtsomassom · pronounmodifies vetaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
allaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fåglarfåglarbirdsfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vetanogsamtfull wellnogsamt · adverbmodifies vetavetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on vinternochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmångfaldigamanifoldmångfaldig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with vetaäroareäro · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceOld plural present tense of vara ('to be').
detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fågelskarorSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
fågelskarorflocks of birdsfågelskara · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasesomassom · pronounsubject of sökaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
underinunder · prepositionpreposition marking stormtiderhårdahardhård · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stormtiderstormtiderstormy weatherstormtid · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sökasökasearchsöka · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on fågelskarorskyddshelterskydd · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sökapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking altanerdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of byggnadernasSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
övergivnaabandonedövergiven · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies byggnadernasbyggnadernasbuildings'byggnad · noun, genitive, common gender, pluralpossessor of altaneraltanerbalconiesaltan · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sökaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationverandorverandasveranda · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with altaner- 29
Here the wild geese settled down on a balcony, and as usual fell asleep at once.
Härherehär · adverbmodifies slogoslogolandedslogo · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentence'slogo ner' = landed, settled down.
vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slogoattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
nerdownner · adverbmodifies slogopåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking balkongenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of balkongbalkongbalconybalkong · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsomassom · pronounmodifies somnadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
vanligtusualvanlig · adverbmodifies somnadeAppears in the fixed phrase 'som vanligt' (as usual).
somnadefell asleepsomna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with slogodetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of somnadesurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
genastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies somnade The boy, on the other hand, could not sleep, because he did not want to creep in under the gander's wing.
Pojkenboypojk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sovadäremoton the other handdäremot · adverbmodifies sovakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sovaintenotinte · particlemodifies sovasovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of krypaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därförhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of krypaintenotinte · particlemodifies krypavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of krypakrypato creepkrypa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sovaininin · adverbdepends on krypaunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking vingegåskarlensgander'sgåskarl · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of vingevingewingvinge · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of krypa- 30
The balcony faced south, so that the boy had a view over the sea.
Balkongenbalconybalkong · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vettevettefacedvette · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseåttowardåt · prepositionmodifies vettesödersouthsöder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase åtsåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of hadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on vetteutsiktviewutsikt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking havethavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hade And since he could not sleep now, he sat and watched how fine it looked, where sea and land met here in Blekinge.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sovahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sovanunownu · adverbmodifies sovaintenotinte · particlemodifies sovakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sovasovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattpast tense of se, 'to see.'
påatpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of toghurhowhur · adverbmodifies brabrafinebra · adverbdepends on togdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sågsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of togutlookut · adverbmodifies tognärwhennär · adverbintroduces the clause of möttesFunctions as a subordinating conjunction, not an adverb.
havseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of möttesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with havmöttesmetmöttes · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on satthärherehär · adverbmodifies möttesiini · prepositionpreposition marking BlekingeBlekingeBlekingeBlekinge · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of möttesA Swedish province.
- 31
You see, it is so that sea and land can meet in many different ways.
Selookse · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with såärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to såsåsoså · adverbparallel clause to Seattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of mötashavseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of passive mötasochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with havkunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of mötasmötasto meetmöta · verb, passive, infinitivedepends on såpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättmångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sättolikadifferentolik · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sättsättwayssätt · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of mötasIndefinite 'sätt' has identical singular/plural form; two of the three examples (ch03-p2-s3 'sätt att skala nötter', ch44-p66-s1 'på sitt ... sätt') are singular 'a way'/'his way', not plural 'ways'.
In many places the land comes down toward the sea with flat, tussocky meadows, and the sea meets the land with drifting sand, which it heaps up into ridges and dunes.
Mångenstansin many placesMångenstans · noun, genitive, common gender, singularsubject of kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencelandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of kommernerdownner · adverbmodifies kommermottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking havethavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of nermedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking flackaflackaflatflacka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommertuvigatussockytuvig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ängarängarmeadowsäng · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with flackaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of mötermötermeetsmöta · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with kommerlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of mötermedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking flygsandflygsanddrifting sandflygsand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of mötersomwhichsom · pronounsubject of läggerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of läggerläggerheaps uplägga · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on flygsanduppupupp · adverbdepends on läggeriintoi · prepositionpreposition marking vallarvallarridgesvall · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of läggerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdrivordunesdrivor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with vallarIt is as though the two of them thought so ill of one another that they only wished to show the worst they had.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tyckteärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to tycktesomas thoughsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tyckteomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tycktedetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of tyckteSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
bådabothbåda · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies illaillabadlyilla · adverbmodifies tyckteomofom · prepositionpreposition marking varandravarandraeach othervarandra · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of visadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of visabarajustbara · adverbmodifies visaviljato wantvilja · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of visavisato showvisa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tycktedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sämstasämstaworstsämsta · adjective, nominative, superlativedirect object of visadetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ägasurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
ägato haveäga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tyckteBut it can also happen that, when the land comes down toward the sea, it raises up a wall of rock before itself, as though the sea were something dangerous; and when the land does so, the sea comes against it with angry breakers, lashes and roars and beats against the cliffs and looks as though it wanted to tear the shoreline apart.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with händakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of händaocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies händahändato happenhända · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommernärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommerlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on händanerdownner · adverbdepends on kommeremottowardemot · prepositionpreposition marking havethavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommerreserraisesresa · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with hända3 of 4 examples in this chunk are reflexive 'reser sig' meaning 'rises/raises itself' (a mill, a wall, a town), not 'travels'. The glosser's single gloss 'travels' only fits the ch04-p17 example.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of reseruppupupp · adverbdepends on reserenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of murmurwallmur · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of reseravofav · prepositionpreposition marking bergbergmountainberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies murframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of resersomas thoughsom · pronounsubject of farligtThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctioncopula linking to farligthavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of farligtskullewereskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of farligtvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to farligtnågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies farligtfarligtdangerousfarlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on reserochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of görlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of görgördoesgöra · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with resersåsoså · adverbmodifies görgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to händahavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of gåremotagainstemot · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of gårmedwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of vredavredaangryvreda · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gårbränningarbreakersbränning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of vredapiskarlashespisk · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with bränningarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationryterroarsryta · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with bränningarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslårbeatsslå · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with vredamotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking klippornaklippornathe cliffsklipporna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of slårochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with vredautlookut · adverbdepends on sersomas thoughsom · pronounsubject of slitaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slitadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of slitavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slitaslitato tearslita · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gårsönderapart/brokensönder · adverbdepends on slitalandbackenthe shorelandlandback · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of slita- 32
But in Blekinge it goes quite differently, when sea and land meet.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiini · prepositionpreposition marking BlekingeBlekingeBlekingeBlekinge · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of gårA Swedish province.
gårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gårheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies annorlundaannorlundadifferentlyannorlunda · adjective, nominativecomplement of gårtillhappenstill · prepositiondepends on gårnärwhennär · adverbmodifies mötasFunctions as a subordinating conjunction, not an adverb.
havseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of passive mötasochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with havmötasto meetmöta · verb, passive, infinitiveadverbial clause on går There the land splinters itself apart into points and islands and islets, and the sea divides itself into fjords and bays and sounds, and it is perhaps this that makes it look as if they were meeting in joy and harmony.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies splittrarsplittrarsplinters apartsplittra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencelandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of splittrarsönderapartsönder · prepositiondepends on splittrarsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of splittrariintoi · prepositionpreposition marking uddaruddarheadlandsudd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of splittrarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationöarislandsöar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with uddarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationholmarisletsholm · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with uddarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with uddardelarpartsdel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of splittrarsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of delariintoi · prepositionpreposition marking fjärdarfjärdarbaysfjärd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies delarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvikarbaysvik · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with fjärdarIn these examples 'vikar' is the plural noun 'bays', not the verb 'vika'; morphology tag is mistagged.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsundsound/straitsund · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with vikarNoun meaning a narrow sea channel; tagged as adjective.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with dettaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to dettakanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularcoordinated with splittrarsomthatsom · pronounsubject of görThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
gördoesgöra · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on dettaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of serdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of görutlookut · adverbdepends on sersomas ifsom · pronounintroduces the clause of mötasThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of mötasdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of passive mötasskullewereskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of mötasmötasto meetmöta · verb, passive, infinitiveadverbial clause on göriini · prepositionpreposition marking glädjeglädjejoyglädje · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies mötasochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationendräktharmonyendräkt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with glädje- 33
Think first of all of the sea!
TänkthinkTänk · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies Tänkförstfirstförst · adverbmodifies Tänkochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase förstfrämstfirst of allfrämst · adverbpart of the phrase förstpåaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking havethavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of Tänk Far out it lies desolate and empty and vast, and has nothing else to do but roll its gray waves.
LångtfarLångd · adverbmodifies uteuteoutsideute · adverbmodifies liggerliggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of liggerödsligtdesolateödslig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of liggerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtomtemptytomt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with ödsligtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with ödsligtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with liggerintenotinte · particlemodifies harnågotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of annatannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of haratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göradogöra · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying annatänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of rullaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of rullainfinitive marker before a verb.
rullarollrulla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on görasinaitssig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of vågorgråagraygrå · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vågorvågorwavesvåga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of rullaWhen it comes in toward land, it comes upon the first skerry.
Närwhennär · adverbadverbial clause on råkarFunctions as a subordinating conjunction, not an adverb.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase Närkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activepart of the phrase Närininin · adverbdepends on kommermottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of inråkarhappens toråka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of råkarpåuponpå · prepositionpreposition marking skäretdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of skäretförstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies skäretsurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
skäretskerryskär · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of råkarThis it at once takes command of, strips it of everything green, and makes it as bare and gray as it is itself.
Dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tartartakesta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with targenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies tarväldetdominionvälde · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of taröveroföver · prepositiondepends on tarsliterstripsslit · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with taravofav · prepositionpreposition marking gröntalltallall · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies gröntgröntgreengrön · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sliterochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgördoesgöra · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with tardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of görlikaequallylika · adverbmodifies naketnaketbarenaket · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of görochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgråttgraygrått · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with görsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of självtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of självtsjälvtitselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on görärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to tarThen it meets yet another skerry.
Såthenså · adverbmodifies mötermötermeetsmöta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of möterännuanotherännu · adverbmodifies möterettaen · determiner, neuter, singularquantifies skärskärskerryskär · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of möterThis is the noun 'skär' (skerry), mistagged as an adjective by the backbone.
With that one it goes the same way.
Medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gårlikadantthe same waylikadan · adverbmodifies gårAnd yet one more.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationännuyetännu · adverbmodifies ettettaen · numeral, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseYes, it goes the same way with that one too.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on gårdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencelikadantthe same waylikadan · adverbmodifies gårmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of gårocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies gårIt is stripped bare and plundered, as though it had fallen into robbers' hands.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceavklättstripped bareavklätd · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of blirochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationutplundratplunderedutplundra · verb, active, supinecoordinated with avklättsomas thoughsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fallitomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fallitdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of fallitskullehadskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fallithahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of fallitfallitfallenfalli · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on bliriintoi · prepositionpreposition marking rövarhänderrövarhänderrobbers' handsrövarhand · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of fallitBut then the skerries come ever thicker, and then the sea surely understands that the land is sending against it its smallest children to move it to gentleness.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceskärenskerriesskär · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of kommaallteverallt · adverbmodifies tätaretätaredensertät · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies kommaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies förstårförstårunderstand(s)förstå · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with kommahavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of förstårvisstsurelyviss · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies förstårattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sänderlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of sändersändersendssända · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of förståremotagainstemot · adverbdepends on sänderdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of barnsinaitssig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of barnminstasmallestliten · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies barnbarnchildbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sänderförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of bevekaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bevekainfinitive marker before a verb.
bevekato win overbeveka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sänderdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of bevekatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking mildhetmildhetgentlenessmildhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bevekaIt grows kinder too, the further in it comes, rolls its waves less high, tempers its storms, leaves greenery behind in cracks and crevices, divides itself into little sounds and bays, and at last, close by the land, becomes so harmless that small boats dare venture out on it.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies blirallteverallt · adverbmodifies vänligarevänligarekindervänlig · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of blirjutheju · adverbmodifies rullarlängrefurtherlänge · adverbmodifies kommerinåtinto/inwardinåt · adverbpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activeoblique complement of rullarrullarrollsrulla · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blirsinaitssig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of vågorvågorwavesvåga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of rullarmindreless highlite · adverbmodifies högaSurface 'mindre' is the shared comparative of both 'lite' (less) and 'liten' (small); in ch. examples it renders as predicate-adjective 'smaller' (mycket mindre än han, mindre höga) as often as adverbial 'less' (nöjde sig inte med mindre).
högatallhög · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies rullardämpartempersdämpa · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with blirsinaitssig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of stormarstormarstormsstorm · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of dämparlämnarleaveslämna · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with blirgrönskagreenerygrönska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of lämnarkvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on lämnariini · prepositionpreposition marking sprickorsprickorcracksspricka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of lämnarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrämnorcrevicesrämna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with sprickorfördelardivides itselffördel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with sprickorsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of lämnariini · prepositionpreposition marking sundsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sundsundsound/straitsund · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lämnarNoun meaning a narrow sea channel; tagged as adjective.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvikarbaysvik · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with blirIn these examples 'vikar' is the plural noun 'bays', not the verb 'vika'; morphology tag is mistagged.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with blirtillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies blirsistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase tillinneclose byinne · adverbmodifies blirvidbyvid · prepositionpreposition marking landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of blirsåsoså · adverbmodifies ofarligtofarligtharmlessofarlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on blirattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vågasmåbåtarsmall boatssmåbåt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vågavågato darevåga · verb, active, infinitivedepends on blirsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vågautoutut · adverbmodifies vågapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of vågaIt surely cannot recognize itself, so bright and gentle has it become.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of kännakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kännavisstcertainlyviss · adverbmodifies kännasurface visst here is the adverb 'certainly/surely', not the adjective viss 'certain'.
intenotinte · particlemodifies kännakännato feelkänna · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceigenagainigen · adverbdepends on kännasigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kännasjälvtitselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclause modifying sigsåsoså · adverbmodifies ljustljustbrightljus · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with kännaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvänligtfriendlyvänlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with ljustharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on känna- 34
And think then of the shoreland!
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtänkthink!tänka · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencesåthenså · adverbmodifies tänkpåaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking landbackenlandbackenshorelandlandback · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tänkDialectal/archaic word for the coastal mainland as seen from the sea.
It lies monotonous and looks much the same almost everywhere.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of liggerliggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenformigmonotonousenformig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of liggerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to liksigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativepart of the phrase ärlikthe samelik · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with liggernästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies överalltöverallteverywhereöverallt · adverbmodifies likIt consists of flat fields with here and there a birch grove between them, or else of long stretching wooded ridges.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of bestårbestårconsists ofbestå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceavofav · prepositionpreposition marking flackaflackaflatflacka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of beståråkerfältfieldsåkerfält · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of flackamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking björkhageenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singulardeterminer of björkhageochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase enannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies björkhagebjörkhagebirch grovebjörkhage · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flackamellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies björkhageelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies skogsåsaravofav · prepositionpreposition marking skogsåsarlångsträcktaelongatedlångsträckta · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies skogsåsarskogsåsarwooded ridgesskogsås · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with demIt looks as though it thought only of oats and turnips and potatoes and spruce and pine.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceutlookut · adverbdepends on sersomas thoughsom · pronounsubject of tänkteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tänktedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of tänktebarajustbara · adverbmodifies tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on serpåaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking havrehavreoatshavre · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tänkteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrovorturnipsrova · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with havreochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpotatispotatoespotatis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with havreochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgransprucegran · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with havreochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtallpinetall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with havreThen comes a bay of the sea, cutting far into it.
Såthenså · adverbmodifies kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of havsvikhavsviksea bayhavsvik · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommersomthatsom · pronounsubject of skärThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
skärcuttingskära · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on havsviklångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies inininin · adverbmodifies skäriini · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of skärThat does not trouble it; it simply borders it with birch and alder, just as though it were an ordinary freshwater lake.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with bryrbryrcaresbry · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceAlmost always used reflexively, bry sig om, 'to care about'.
deniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of bryrsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bryrintenotinte · particlemodifies bryromaboutom · prepositiondepends on bryrutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
kantarborderskanta · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with bryrdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of kantarmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking björkbjörkbirchbjörk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kantarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationalalderal · adverbcoordinated with björkalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies sötvattenssjösomas thoughsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sötvattenssjöomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sötvattenssjödenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of sötvattenssjövorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to sötvattenssjöenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sötvattenssjövanligordinaryvanlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sötvattenssjösötvattenssjöfreshwater lakesötvattenssjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kantarThen comes yet another inlet.
Såthenså · adverbmodifies kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceännuanotherännu · adverbmodifies kommerenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of infarandevikan inletvik · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies infarandeinfarandesweeping ininfarande · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kommerThe shoreland does not trouble itself to make a fuss over that one either, but gives it the same dress as the first.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies hellerhellereitherheller · adverbmodifies bryrdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of bryrbryrcaresbry · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceAlmost always used reflexively, bry sig om, 'to care about'.
landbackenthe shorelandlandback · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of bryrsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bryromaboutom · prepositionintroduces the clause of krusaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of krusainfinitive marker before a verb.
krusamake a fusskrusa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on bryrförtoför · prepositionmodifies krusautanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of fårfårgetsfå · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with bryrsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of beklädnadbeklädnaddressbeklädnad · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fårsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förstadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of förstaförstafirsten · adjective, nominativeclause modifying beklädnadsurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
But then the fjords begin to widen and break in.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies börjabörjato beginbörja · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencefjärdarnabaysfjärd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of börjavidgawidenvidga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjasigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vidgaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbrytabreak inbryta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with vidgasigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of brytaThey splinter apart the fields and the forests, and so the shoreland cannot help but take notice of them.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of splittrasplittrasplinter apartsplittra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesönderapart/brokensönder · adverbdepends on splittrafältenthe fieldsfält · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of splittraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskogarnaforestsskog · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with fältenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåsoså · adverbadverbial clause on undgåkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of undgåintenotinte · particlemodifies undgålandbackenshorelandlandback · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undgåDialectal/archaic word for the coastal mainland as seen from the sea.
undgåto avoidundgå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with splittraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of märkainfinitive marker before a verb.
märkato noticemärka · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of undgådemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of märka»I take it that it is the sea itself that is coming,» says the shoreland, and so it begins to dress itself up.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of menarmenartake itmena · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of havetdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with havetärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to havetsjälvaitselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies havetSurface "själva" is the plural/emphatic form of själv and can mean "themselves" or intensify "the very."
havetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sägersomthatsom · pronounsubject of kommerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on havetsägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of menarlandbackenshorelandlandback · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sägerDialectal/archaic word for the coastal mainland as seen from the sea.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåsoså · adverbmodifies börjarbörjarbeginsbörja · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sägerdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of börjaratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of pyntainfinitive marker before a verb.
pyntadress itself uppynta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjarutuput · adverbdepends on pyntasigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of pyntaIt wreathes itself with flowers, rises and falls in hills, and casts out islands into the sea.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of kransarkransarwreatheskransa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kransarmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking blommorblommorflowersblomma · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kransarfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to blommoruppupupp · adverbdepends on farochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnerdownner · adverbcoordinated with blommoriini · prepositionpreposition marking backarbackarhillsback · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies kransarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkastarthrowskasta · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with kransarutoutut · adverbdepends on kastaröarislandsöar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of kastariintoi · prepositionpreposition marking havethavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kastarIt no longer wants to know anything of pines and spruces, but throws them away like old everyday clothes and thereafter shows off with great oak trees and lindens and chestnuts and with blossoming leafy meadows, and becomes as fine as a manor park.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of vetavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of vetaintenotinte · particlemodifies vetamerlongermycket · adverbmodifies vetavetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceavofav · prepositionpreposition marking tallartallarpinestall · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralagent of vetaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgranarfir treesgran · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with tallarutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
kastarthrowskasta · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with vetabortawaybort · adverbdepends on kastardemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of kastarsomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vardagsklädergamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vardagsklädervardagsklädereveryday clothesvardagskläd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralrelative clause on demochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationståtarshows offståta · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with kastarsedanthensedan · adverbdepends on ståtarmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ekträdstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ekträdekträdoak treesekträd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of ståtarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlindarlindenslinda · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with ståtarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkastanjerchestnutskastanj · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with lindarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking lövängarblommandebloomingblommande · adjective, nominativemodifies lövängarlövängarleafy meadowslöväng · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of ståtarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with kastarsåasså · adverbmodifies granngrannsplendidgrann · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blirsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of herrgårdsparkenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of herrgårdsparkherrgårdsparkmanor parkherrgårdspark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blirAnd when it meets the sea, it is so changed that it cannot recognize itself.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåwhendå · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of möterdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of mötermötermeetsmöta · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on förändradhavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of möterärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to förändraddenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of förändradsåsoså · adverbmodifies förändradförändradchangedförändra · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kännadenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of kännaintenotinte · particlemodifies kännakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kännakännato feelkänna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on förändradigenagainigen · adverbdepends on kännasigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kännasjälvitselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sig- 35
All that one cannot rightly see until it is summer, but the boy noticed all the same how mild and gentle nature was, and he began to feel calmer than before that night.
Alltallall · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phrasedärtheredär · adverbmodifies sekancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of semanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sejuafter allju · adverbmodifies seintenotinte · particlemodifies seriktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies seseseese · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on detförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies blirused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sesommarsummersommar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blirmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märktemärktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with seändåall the sameändå · adverbmodifies märktehurhowhur · adverbmodifies mildmildmildmild · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies naturenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvänligfriendlyvänlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with mildnaturennaturenatur · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of märktevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activequantifies märkteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sekännato feelkänna · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kännalugnarecalmerlugn · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of kännaänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förutförutbeforeförut · adverbadverbial clause on kännapåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking nattennattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of känna Then he heard suddenly a loud and dreadful howl from down in the bath-house park.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördeplötsligtsuddenlyplötslig · adverbmodifies hördeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of tjutstarktloudstark · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies tjutochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhemsktdreadfulhemskt · adverbcoordinated with starkttjuthowltjut · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hördenerifrånfrom belownerifrån · adverbmodifies tjutbadhusparkenthe bathhouse parkbadhuspark · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tjutAnd when he sat up, he saw a fox standing in the white moonlight on the ground beneath the balcony.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of restehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of resterestesat upresa · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sågsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of resteuppupupp · adverbdepends on restesågsawsåga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceMislemmatized: surface is 'såg', the past tense of se ('to see'/'looked'), in both examples ('såg han sig om' = 'looked around'), not a form of såga ('to saw'). Gloss corrected to 'saw' (as in 'he saw/looked').
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rävrävfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ståståstandstå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of sågiini · prepositionpreposition marking månskenetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of månskenetvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies månskenetmånskenetmoonlightmånsken · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ståpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking planenplanenthe groundplan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies månskenetunderbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking balkongenbalkongenbalconybalkong · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies planenFor Smirre had followed after the geese once again.
Förforför · prepositionpreposition marking SmirreSmirreSmirresmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativeoblique complement of följtName of Smirre the fox; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a comparative adjective.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of följtföljtfollowedfölja · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking gässengässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of följtgässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
änthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gångenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of följtBut when he had found the spot where they had placed themselves, he had understood that now it was impossible to get at them in any way, and then he had not been able to help howling in vexation.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of funnitfunnitfoundfinna · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on förståttplatsenplaceplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of funnitdärtheredär · adverbmodifies ställtdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ställthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ställtställtput/placedställa · verb, active, supinerelative clause on platsensigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ställthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förståtthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förståttförståttunderstoodförstå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of omöjligtnunownu · adverbmodifies omöjligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to omöjligtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with omöjligtomöjligtimpossibleomöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of förståttatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivedepends on omöjligtåtatåt · prepositiondepends on kommademthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of kommapåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättnågotanynågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies låtahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of låtahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låtaintenotinte · particlemodifies låtakunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of låtalåtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with omöjligtblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låtaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tjutainfinitive marker before a verb.
tjutato howltjuta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of bliavinav · prepositionpreposition marking förargelseförargelsevexationförargelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tjuta- 36
When the fox howled in this way, old Akka, the leader-goose, woke, and although she could hardly see anything, she still thought she recognized the voice.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionmodifies tjöträventhe foxräv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase Närtjötwailedtjöt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on vaknadeMistagged as a noun; surface 'tjöt' is the past tense of tjuta (to howl/wail).
påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättdettathisdenna · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies tjötvaknadewoke upvakna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of Akkagamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies AkkaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of vaknadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
förargåsenlead gooseförargåse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Akkaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfastänalthoughfastän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of senästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies ingentingingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with Akkatycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vaknadehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tyckteändåstilländå · adverbmodifies kännakännato feelkänna · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tyckteigenagainigen · adverbdepends on kännaröstenvoiceröst · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of känna »Is that you, Smirre, out tonight?» she said.
Ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to Smirredetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of duduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of SmirreSmirreSmirreSmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativehead of the phrasemistagged as a comparative adjective; this is the proper name of the fox character.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of ärThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on Smirreuteoutsideute · adverbmodifies äritonighti · prepositionmodifies ärnattnightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase isadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade— »Yes,» said Smirre, »it is I, and now I want to ask what you geese think of the night I have given you.»
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceSmirreSmirresmirre · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeproper name, kept unglossed/unchanged.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of jagärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to jagjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Smirreochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fråganunownu · adverbmodifies frågafrågato askfråga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sadevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of tyckerniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckersecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
gässgeesegäss · adverbmodifies tyckertyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of frågaomlikeom · prepositionpreposition marking nattdeniten · pronoun, common gender, singulardeterminer of nattnattnightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tyckersomthatsom · pronoundirect object of skaffatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skaffatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of skaffatskaffatobtainedskaffaa · verb, active, supinerelative clause on nattLemma spelled with a doubled final vowel; the modern lemma is 'skaffa' (to get/obtain).
eryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of skaffat— »Do you mean to say that it is you who have sent both the marten and the otter against us?» asked Akka.
Ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to meningdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of meningdinyourdu · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of meningmeningmeanmening · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on —atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sägainfinitive marker before a verb.
sägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivedepends on meningattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dudetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with duärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to duduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on meningsomwhosom · pronounsubject of säntThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of säntsäntsentsän · verb, active, supinerelative clause on duemotagainstemot · prepositiondepends on säntossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of säntbådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmårdenmartenmård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of säntochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationutternotterutter · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with mårdenfrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of frågadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
— »A good deed should not be denied,» said Smirre.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bragdgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bragdbragdfeatbragd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive förnekasskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of förnekasintenotinte · particlemodifies förnekasförnekasbe deniedförneka · verb, passive, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with förnekasSmirreSmirreSmirre · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sadeProper name of the fox; mistagged as a common noun plural.
»You have once played the goose-game with me.
Niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
harhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of harlektplayedlekt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasegåslekenthe goose-gamegåslek · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lektmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lektNow I have begun to play the fox-game with you, and I do not intend to stop it so long as a single one of you is left alive, even if I must follow you across the whole country.»
Nunownu · adverbmodifies börjatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of börjatjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjatbörjatbegunbörja · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencelekato playleka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjaträvlekenthe fox-gamerävlek · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lekamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of lekaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sinnadärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to sinnadintenotinte · particlemodifies sinnadsinnadinclinedsinnad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with börjatatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of upphörainfinitive marker before a verb.
upphörato stopupphöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sinnadmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of upphörasåasså · adverbmodifies längelängeso long aslänge · adverbmodifies sinnadsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of finnsenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularquantifies finnsendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativemodifies finnsavofav · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardepends on finnsObject form er of the plural/formal pronoun ni.
finnsis left alivefinnas · verb, present, indicativeadverbial clause on längeialivei · prepositionpreposition marking livetlivetaliveliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of finnsomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of nödgasjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive nödgassåevenså · adverbmodifies nödgasskullemustskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of nödgasnödgasto be forcednödga · verb, passive, infinitiveadverbial clause on sinnadföljato followfölja · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of nödgaseryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of följaöveracrossöver · prepositionpreposition marking landethelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of följa— »You, Smirre, ought all the same to think whether it is right of you, armed as you are with both tooth and claw, to pursue us in this way, defenseless as we are,» said Akka.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkaSmirreSmirreSmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativecoordinated with Dumistagged as a comparative adjective; this is the proper name of the fox character.
bordeought toböra · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänkaBare borde is simple past modal ("ought to"/"should"); the perfect sense ("ought to have") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth ("borde släppa taget") has no ha and translates as plain "ought to."
ändåall the sameändå · adverbmodifies tänkatänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencepåaboutpå · prepositiondepends on tänkaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of rättdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of rättärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to rätträttrighträtt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of tänkaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies rättsomassom · pronounsubject of väpnadThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to väpnadväpnadarmedväpnad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on rättmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking tandbådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtandtoothtand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of väpnadochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkloclawklo · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with tandatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förföljainfinitive marker before a verb.
påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättdettathisdenna · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of förföljaförföljato pursueförfölja · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with väpnadossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of förföljasomassom · pronounsubject of försvarslösaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to försvarslösaförsvarslösadefenselessförsvarslös · adjective, nominative, pluralin apposition to förföljasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tänkaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of sadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
Smirre thought that Akka sounded afraid, and he said quickly: »If you, Akka, will take and throw down to me that Thumbietot, who has now stood in my way so many times, then I promise to make peace with you.
SmirreSmirreSmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativesubject of tycktemistagged as a comparative adjective; this is the proper name of the fox character.
tycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lätAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of lätproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
lätsoundedlät · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tyckteräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of lätochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tycktehastigtquicklyhastig · adverbmodifies sadeOmifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of Akkaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of AkkaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativeadverbial clause on taproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
villwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkastato throwkasta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with tanerdownner · adverbdepends on kastatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kastadeniten · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of tadärtheredär · adverbmodifies taTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativedepends on lovarthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of ståttThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
nunownu · adverbmodifies ståttsåsoså · adverbmodifies mångamångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of ståttharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of ståttståttstoodstå · verb, active, supinerelative clause on Tummetottmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of ståttemotagainstemot · adverbdepends on ståttsåsoså · adverbadverbial clause on lovarlovarpromiseslova · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lovaratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of slutainfinitive marker before a verb.
slutamakesluta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of lovarfredpeacefred · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of slutamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slutaI will then never again pursue either you or any of your own.»
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förföljaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of förföljadåthendå · adverbmodifies förföljaaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies förföljameragainmycket · adverbmodifies förföljaförföljato pursueförfölja · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencevarkenneithervarken · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of förföljaelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnågonanynågon · pronoun, common gender, singularcoordinated with digavofav · prepositionpreposition marking dinadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of dinaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
dinayourdu · pronoun, pluralmodifies någonThis entry is really the possessive "dina" (plural agreement), mistagged under the lemma du.
— »I cannot give you Thumbietot,» said Akka.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies gekancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gegeto givege · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of geTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativedirect object of gethe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to geAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of sadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
»From the youngest to the oldest of us, we would gladly give our lives for his sake.»
Frånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking yngstadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of yngstayngstayoungestyngsta · adjective, nominative, superlativeoblique complement of getilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking äldstadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of äldstaäldstaoldestgammal · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies yngstaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluralmodifies äldstavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of geviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of gegärnagladlygärna · adverbmodifies geType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
geto givege · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencevåraourvi · pronoun, pluralpossessor of livPossessive form våra of the plural pronoun vi.
livlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of geförforför · prepositionpreposition marking skullhanshishan · pronounpossessor of skullskullsakeskull · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of geonly occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'.
— »So you hold him that dear,» said Smirre, »then I promise you that he shall be the first of you on whom I take my revenge.»
HållerholdHålla · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Hållersecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of Hållersåsoså · adverbmodifies kärkärdearkär · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of Hållersadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to HållerSmirreSmirresmirre · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeproper name, kept unglossed/unchanged.
dåthendå · adverbmodifies lovarlovarpromiseslova · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sadejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lovardigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lovarattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blihanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bliskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of lovardenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of förstaförstafirsten · adjective, nominativecomplement of blisurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluralmodifies förstasomwhomsom · pronoundirect object of krävaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of krävaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of krävakrävatake revengekräva · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on erhämndrevengehämnd · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of krävapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking hämnd- 37
Akka answered no more, and after Smirre had sent up a few more howls, all fell silent.
AkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of svaradeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
svaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies svarademermoremycket · adverbmodifies svaradeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsedanthensedan · adverbmodifies SmirreSmirreSmirreSmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativeoblique complement of uppsäntmistagged as a comparative adjective; this is the proper name of the fox character.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of uppsäntuppsäntsent upuppsänt · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with svaradeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies vrålandenvrålandenhowlsvråland · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of uppsänttillmoretill · prepositionmodifies vrålandenblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with svaradealltallallt · adverbmodifies tysttystquiettyst · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blev The boy lay awake all the while.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencealltjämtstillalltjämt · adverbmodifies lågvakenawakevak · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lågAll four examples in this chunk use "vaken" as the adjective (awake), not the noun "vak" (ice-hole); the primary gloss should be "awake" here, though the ice-hole noun sense also occurs elsewhere in the book under this same conflated surface.
Now it was Akka's words to the fox that kept him from sleep.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies Akkasvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to Akkasdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with AkkasAkkasAkka'sAkka · verb, present, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentenceGenitive of the proper name Akka; mistagged as a verb.
ordwordord · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of passive Akkastilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking rävenrävenfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Akkassomthatsom · pronounsubject of hindradeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hindradehinderedhindra · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on rävenhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hindradefrånfromfrån · prepositionintroduces the clause of sovaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sovainfinitive marker before a verb.
sovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hindradeNever had he thought that he would hear anything so great as that someone would risk their life for his sake.
AldrigneverAldrig · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadetrottbelievedtrott · verb, active, supinemodifies hadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hörahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höraskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörafåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of hörahörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of hadenågotanythingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hörasåsoså · adverbmodifies stortstortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hörasomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vågaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of våganågonsomeonenågon · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of vågavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vågavågato darevåga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on höralivetlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of vågaförforför · prepositionpreposition marking skullhanshishan · pronounpossessor of skullskullsakeskull · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vågaonly occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'.
From that hour it could no longer be said of Nils Holgersson that he cared for no one.
Frånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking stundendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundenstundenwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sägaskundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägasdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of passive sägasintenotinte · particlemodifies sägasmerlongermycket · adverbmodifies sägassägasto be saidsäga · verb, passive, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of NilsNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of sägasHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilsattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tycktehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckteintenotinte · particlemodifies tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sägasomcared forom · prepositiondepends on tycktenågonno onenågon · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of tyckte
The particulars
- The text
- Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige, Selma Lagerlöf. The Wonderful Adventures of Nils.
- Translation
- Public-domain Swedish (Lagerlöf, d. 1940; published 1906–07). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
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