Swedish · The Wonderful Adventures of Nils
Lilla Karlsön
Little Karlsö
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- 1
The wild geese had spent the night on Öland's northern point and were now on their way toward the mainland.
Vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · proper noun, nominativesubject of hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tillbragttillbragtspenttillbrag · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencenattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tillbragtpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking uddeÖlandsÖland'sÖland · proper noun, genitivepossessor of uddeSwedish island.
norranorthernnorra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies uddeuddepointudde · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tillbragta headland/point of land.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with tillbragtarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
nunownu · adverbmodifies tillbragtpåonpå · prepositiondepends on tillbragtvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase påmottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking fastlandetfastlandetthe mainlandfastland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of på A rather strong south wind was blowing over Kalmar Sound, so that they had been driven northward.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blåsteblåsteblewblåste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencerättratherrätt · adverbmodifies starkstarkstrongstark · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sunnanvindsunnanvindsouth windsunnanvind · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of blåsteöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking KalmarKalmarKalmarKalmar · proper noun, nominativemodifies sunnanvindTown/sound name.
sundsound/straitsund · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies KalmarNoun meaning a narrow sea channel; tagged as adjective.
såsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of blivitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sådetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · auxiliary verb, active, supineadverbial clause on blåstekastadethrewkasta · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of blivitMistagged as an adjective; 'kastade' is the past tense of the verb 'kasta' (to throw).
norrutnorthwardnorrut · adverbmodifies kastadeEven so, they worked their way forward toward land at a good pace.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of arbetadearbetadeworkedarbeta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of arbetadeändåeven soändå · adverbmodifies arbetademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking fartgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fartfartspeedfart · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of arbetadeframforwardfram · adverbmodifies arbetademottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of framBut as they neared the first skerries, they heard a tremendous roar, as if a great host of strong-winged birds had come flying, and the water beneath them turned all at once completely black.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of nalkadesdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of passive nalkadesnalkadesapproachednalkaa · verb, past, indicative, passiveadverbial clause on hördeNalkas is a deponent verb: its passive-looking form has an active meaning, "to approach".
detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of skärenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
förstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies skärensurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
skärenskerriesskär · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of nalkadeshördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hördeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of dånväldigttremendousväldig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies dåndånroardån · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hördesomas ifsom · pronounsubject of kommitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommitenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of mängdmängda great manymängd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fåglarvingstarkastrong-wingedvingstark · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fåglarfåglarbirdsfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinerelative clause on dånflygandeflyingflyga · adjective, nominativedepends on kommitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with flygandeunderbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of vattnetblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on dånpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking gångenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blevalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies svartsvartblacksvar · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of blevThe lemma should be svart ("black"); the parser mistagged the surface "svart" under the noun svar ("answer").
Akka checked her wings so suddenly that she almost came to a standstill in the air.
AkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of höllproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
höllcheckedhålla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceininin · adverbdepends on höllvingarnathe wingsvingarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hölllemma should be vinge 'wing'.
såsoså · adverbmodifies hastigthastigtquicklyhastig · adverbmodifies höllattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blevhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevnästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on höllståendestandingstående · adjective, nominativecomplement of blevstillastillstilla · adverbmodifies ståendeiini · prepositionpreposition marking luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stillaThen she dropped down to alight on the surface of the sea.
Därpåthen/thereuponDärpå · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies sänkteActually the adverb 'därpå', mistagged as a pronoun.
sänkteloweredsänkte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sänktesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sänkteförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of slåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of slåinfinitive marker before a verb.
slåalightslå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sänktenerdownner · adverbdepends on slåpåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking havsytanhavsytansea's surfacehavsyta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slåBut before the geese had reached the water, the west storm caught up with them.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of nåttgässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of nåttgässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of nåttnåttreachednå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hannSupine of nå ('to reach').
vattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of nåtthannhad timehann · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast tense of hinna, 'to have time to / manage to (before something else happens)'.
västanstormenthe west stormvästanstorm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hannframforwardfram · adverbmodifies hanntilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of framIt was already driving clouds of dust, spray, and small birds before it; now it swept up the wild geese too, tumbled them over, and hurled them out toward the sea.
Redanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies jagadejagadechasedjaga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of jagadeframförin front offramför · prepositionmodifies jagadesigitsig · pronoun, accusativepart of the phrase framfördammmolndust cloudsdammmoln · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of jagadesaltskumsea spraysaltskum · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with dammmolnochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmåfåglarsmall birdssmåfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with dammmolnnunownu · adverbmodifies ryckterycktetuggedrycka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to jagadedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of ryckteocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies rycktemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigitsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of rycktevildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ryckteattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
kastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with jagadedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of kastadeöveroveröver · prepositionmodifies utändaoverända · adverbpart of the phrase överochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvräktehurledvräka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ändademthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of vräkteutoutut · adverbmodifies kastademottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking havethavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ut- 2
It became a dreadful storm.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stormohyggligdreadfulohygglig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stormstormstormstorm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blev The wild geese tried again and again to turn back, but they could not, and were driven out over the Baltic.
Vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässen · proper noun, nominativesubject of försökteförsöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevändato turnvända · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försöktegångagaingång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of vändapåafterpå · prepositionpreposition marking vändagångagaingång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase påmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of förmåddeförmåddecould manageförmåd · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with försökteFrom förmå, 'to be able to'; here in 'allt vad han förmådde' = 'as fast as he could manage'.
intenotinte · particlemodifies förmåddeutanwithoututan · prepositionpreposition marking drevosdrevoswere drivendrevos · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of förmåddeutåtout overutåt · adverbmodifies ÖstersjönÖstersjönthe Baltic SeaÖstersjön · proper noun, nominativemodifies drevosThe storm had already carried them past Öland, and the sea lay empty and desolate before them.
Stormenstormstorm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kastathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kastatredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies kastatkastatcarriedkasta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of kastatförbipastförbi · adverbdepends on kastatÖlandÖlandÖland · proper noun, nominativedirect object of förbiochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kastattomttomte (gnome)tomt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lågfalse friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationödsligtdesolateödslig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with tomtframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of ödsligtThere was nothing left for them to do but scud before it.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintetnothinginte · adverbdirect object of hadearchaic neuter form intet functions both as the determiner 'no/none' and, before 'annat', as the pronoun 'nothing'; examples in this chunk show both uses, not just 'no'.
annatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göradogöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hadeänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of länsaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of länsainfinitive marker before a verb.
länsascud awaylänsa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on göraThe nautical phrase länsa undan means to run or scud before the wind.
undanbefore itundan · adverbdepends on länsa- 3
When Akka noticed that they were unable to turn, she thought it was pointless to let the storm drive them across the whole Baltic.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of märkteAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of märkteproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
märktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vorodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of vorointenotinte · particlemodifies vorovorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralclausal complement of märktearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
iablei · prepositionmodifies voroståndablestånd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase iatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vändainfinitive marker before a verb.
vändato turnvända · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on vorotycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of onödigtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with onödigtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to onödigtonödigtunnecessaryonödig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of tyckteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of låtainfinitive marker before a verb.
låtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitivedepends on onödigtstormenstormstorm · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of låtadrivato drivedriva · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låtademthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of drivaöveracrossöver · prepositionpreposition marking Östersjönhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies ÖstersjönÖstersjönthe Baltic SeaÖstersjön · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of låta So she sank down onto the water.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sänktesänkteloweredsänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sänktedärförsodärför · adverbmodifies sänktenerdownner · adverbmodifies sänktepåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking vattnetvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of nerThe sea was already running high, and it grew rougher every moment.
Sjögångenthe swellsjögånge · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of häftigvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to häftigredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies häftighäftigviolenthäftig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationväxtegrewväxa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with häftigiati · prepositionpreposition marking ögonblickvarjeeveryvarje · determiner, singulardeterminer of ögonblickögonblickmomentögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of växteThe waves rolled forward sea-green with hissing foam on their crests.
Vågornathe wavesVågorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of rulladerulladerolledrulla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceframforwardfram · adverbdepends on rulladesjögrönasea-greensjögröna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of rullademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking skumfräsandehissingfräsande · adjective, nominativemodifies skumskumfoamskum · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of rulladepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking kammarnakammarnatheir crestskammarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of rulladeEach one heaved up higher than the last.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vräkteenaeach oneena · adjective, nominativepart of the phrase Denvräktehurledvräka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceuppupupp · adverbdepends on vräktehögrehigherhög · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies denänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase högredenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andraandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularsubject of vräkteIt was as if they were competing over which could rise the highest and foam the wildest.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phrasevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies Detsomas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tävladeomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tävladedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of tävladetävladecompetedtävla · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on Detomoverom · prepositionintroduces the clause of resavemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singulardepends on resasomas ifsom · pronounsubject of resaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
skullecouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of resakunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of resaresato travelresa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tävladesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of resahögsthighesthög · adverbmodifies resathis type bundles the positive, comparative, and superlative degree forms (högt, högre, högst) under one entry.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskummafoamskumma · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with högstyrastmost wildlyyrast · adverbpart of the phrase högstBut the wild geese were not afraid of the surging waves.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of voroattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, singularhead of the phrasePast plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective.
intenotinte · particlemodifies räddaräddaafraidrädda · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of voroMerges plural of the adjective 'rädd' (afraid) with forms of the unrelated verb 'rädda' (to save); sense depends entirely on context.
förofför · prepositionpreposition marking vågsvalletvågsvalletthe surging wavesvågsvalle · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies voroThis seemed, on the contrary, to give them great pleasure.
Dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tycktestycktesseemedtycktes · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentencetvärtomon the contrarytvärtom · adverbmodifies beredaberedagivebereda · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tycktesdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralindirect object of beredaettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of nöjestortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies nöjenöjepleasurenöje · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of beredaThey made no effort to swim, but let themselves be washed up onto the wave-crests and down into the troughs, and had as much fun as children on a swing.
Detheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ansträngdesurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
ansträngdestrainedansträngde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ansträngdeintenotinte · particlemodifies ansträngdemedwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of simmaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of simmainfinitive marker before a verb.
simmaswimsimma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on ansträngdeutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionpreposition marking sigfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
lätoletläto · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sigLäto is the historical plural past form of låta.
sigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativesubject of passive sköljassköljasbe washedskölja · verb, passive, infinitivecoordinated with ansträngdeuppupupp · adverbdepends on sköljaspåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking vågkammarnavågkammarnathe wave crestsvågkammare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sköljasochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnerdownner · adverbcoordinated with vågkammarnaiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking vågdalarnavågdalarnathe wave troughsvågdal · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of nerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sköljaslikaequallylika · adverbmodifies roligtroligtfunrolig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadesomassom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking barnbarnchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of gungaioni · prepositionpreposition marking enenaen · determiner, common gender, singularmodifies barngungaswinggunga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on sköljasTheir only worry was that the flock might be scattered.
Derastheirde · pronounpossessor of bekymmerpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
endaonlyenda · adjective, nominativemodifies bekymmerbekymmerworrybekymmer · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies bekymmerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bliflockenflockflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bliskullemightskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivedepends on bekymmerskingradscatteredskingrad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bliThe poor land birds, driven past overhead in the storm, called out enviously: »There's no trouble for you, who can swim.»
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of passive stackarsstackarspoorstackars · adjective, genitive, pluralhead of the phraselandfåglarnathe land birdslandfåglarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive stackarssomthatsom · pronounsubject of drevoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
drevodrivendrevo · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on landfåglarnaförbipastförbi · adverbdepends on drevouppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies drevoiini · prepositionpreposition marking stormenstormenstormstorm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of upperopadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stackarsavundsjuktenviouslyavundsjukt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ropadeDetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of nödärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to nödingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of nödnöddistressnöd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseförforför · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of nödsomwhosom · pronounsubject of simmaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of simmasimmaswimsimma · verb, active, infinitivedepends on nöd- 4
But the wild geese were certainly not out of all danger.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of voroattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, singularhead of the phrasePast plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective.
visstcertainlyviss · adverbmodifies farasurface visst here is the adverb 'certainly/surely', not the adjective viss 'certain'.
intenotinte · particlemodifies farautomout ofutom · prepositionpreposition marking faraallallall · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of farafaradangerfara · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of vorosome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
For one thing, the rocking made them helplessly drowsy.
Förforför · prepositionpreposition marking förstadetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of förstaförstafirsten · adjective, nominativeoblique complement of gjordesurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
gjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegungningenthe rockinggungning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of gjordeohjälpligthelplesslyohjälplig · adverbmodifies sömnigasömnigasleepysömnig · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of gjordeAgain and again they wanted to turn their heads back, tuck their bills under their wings, and sleep.
Oupphörligenceaselesslyoupphörligen · adverbmodifies vändavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vändadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of vändavändato turnvända · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencehuvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of vändabakåtbackwardbakåt · adverbmodifies vändastickatucksticka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with vändanäbbenbeaknäbbe · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of stickaininin · adverbmodifies stickaunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking vingenvingenwingving · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stickaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with vändaNothing could be more dangerous than falling asleep like that, and Akka called out again and again: »Don't fall asleep, wild geese!
Ingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of farligarekancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of farligarevarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to farligarefarligaremore dangerousfarlig · adjective, nominative, comparativehead of the phraseänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fallaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fallainfinitive marker before a verb.
påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättdettathisdenna · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fallafallato fallfalla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on farligareiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking sömnsömnsleepsömn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fallaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of ropadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
ropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with farligareoupphörligenceaselesslyoupphörligen · adverbmodifies ropadeSomnafall asleepsomna · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies Somnavildgässwild geesevildgäss · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with SomnaWhoever falls asleep drifts away from the flock.
Deniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of kommersomwhoeversom · pronounsubject of somnarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
somnarfalls asleepsomna · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on Denkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebortawaybort · adverbdepends on kommerfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking flockenflockenflockflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommerWhoever drifts away from the flock is lost.»
Deniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of förloradsomwhoeversom · pronounsubject of kommerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on Denbortawaybort · adverbdepends on kommerfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking flockenflockenflockflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommerärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to förloradförloradlostförlorad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrase- 5
Despite every effort to resist, one after another fell asleep, and Akka herself came very close to dozing off, when she suddenly saw something round and dark rise above the crest of a wave.
Trotsdespitetrots · prepositionpreposition marking försökallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of försökförsökeffortförsök · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of somnadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ståinfinitive marker before a verb.
ståstandstå · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying försökemotagainstemot · adverbdepends on ståsomnadefell asleepsomna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of enaenaoneena · adjective, nominativesubject of somnadeefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking andradenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andraandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularoblique complement of somnadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsjälvaherselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies AkkaSurface "själva" is the plural/emphatic form of själv and can mean "themselves" or intensify "the very."
AkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with somnadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to slumramycketverymycket · adverbmodifies näranäravery closenära · adjective, nominativemodifies slumraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of slumrainfinitive marker before a verb.
slumradoze offslumra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of somnadeininin · adverbdepends on slumranärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of såghonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågplötsligensuddenlyplötsligen · adverbmodifies sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on slumrapast tense of se, 'to see.'
någotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sågruntroundrunt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on sågmörktdarkmörk · adverbmodifies höjahöjato raisehöja · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of sågsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of höjaöveraboveöver · prepositionpreposition marking toppentoppentoptopp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of höjaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking vågenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vågvågwavevåg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies toppen »Seals!
SälarsealsSälar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraseSeals!
SälarsealsSälar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraseSeals!»
SälarsealsSälar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasecried Akka in a high, shrill voice, and rose into the air with loud beats of her wings.
ropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of ropadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking höghögtallhög · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ropadegällshrillgäll · adverbcoordinated with högröstvoiceröst · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ropadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhöjderaisedhöja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ropadesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of höjdeiini · prepositionpreposition marking luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of höjdemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vingslagsmällandeloudly beatingsmällande · adjective, nominativemodifies vingslagvingslagwingbeatvingslag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of höjdeIt was at the very last moment.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of stundenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to stundeniati · prepositionpreposition marking stundenytterstaoutermostyttersta · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies stundenstundenwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseBefore the last wild goose had managed to lift off the water, the seals were so close that they snapped at her feet.
Innanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hunnitdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vildgåsensistalastsista · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies vildgåsenvildgåsenthe wild goosevildgåse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hunnithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hunnithunnitmanagedhinna · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceuppupupp · adverbdepends on hunniturout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking vattnetvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hunnitvorowerevoro · verb, imperative, activemodifies sälarnaOld plural past tense of vara ('to be'), mistagged here as imperative.
sälarnathe sealssäel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with hunnitsåsoså · adverbmodifies näranäranearnära · adverbmodifies hunnitType lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of nafsadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of nafsadenafsadesnappednafsa · adjective, nominative, pluralclausal complement of hunnitefteratefter · prepositionpreposition marking fötterhennesherhon · pronounpossessor of fötterpossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
fötterfeetfött · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of nafsadeSurface 'fötter/fötterna' (feet) of 'fot'; lemma is a spelling artifact.
- 6
So the wild geese were up in the storm again, which drove them before it out over the sea.
Såsoså · adverbmodifies återvorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, singularpart of the phrase SåPast plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective.
vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of voroattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
återagainåter · prepositionhead of the phraseuppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies återiini · prepositionpreposition marking stormenstormenstormstorm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uppesomwhichsom · pronounsubject of drevThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
drevdrovedreva · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on stormendemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of drevframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigitsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of drevutåtout overutåt · adverbmodifies havethavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of drev It allowed itself no rest, and gave them none either.
Ingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vilavilarestvila · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of unnadeunnadeallowedunna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of unnadevarkenneithervarken · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of unnadeelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralcoordinated with sigAnd they saw no land at all, only desolate sea.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintetnothingint · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardeterminer of landarchaic pronoun 'intet' (nothing).
landlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of sågosågosawsågoa · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLemma/tag are corrupted; sågo is the plural past tense of se ("saw"), not a noun or present tense.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sågobarajustbara · adverbmodifies ödeödedesolateöde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with deöde is both a neuter noun 'fate' and an unrelated adjective 'deserted/desolate'; some examples use the adjective.
havseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with de- 7
They dropped down onto the water again as soon as they dared.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of slogoslogodropped downslogo · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceArchaic plural preterite of slå; tagged present but functions as past tense.
nerdownner · adverbdepends on slogopåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking vattnetvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of slogoigenagainigen · adverbmodifies slogosåasså · adverbmodifies tordessnartsoonsnart · adverbpart of the phrase sådetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of tordestordesdaredtora · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on slogo But when they had rocked on the waves for a while, they grew drowsy again.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gungatdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gungathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gungatgungatrockedgungat · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on blevopåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking stundvågornathe wavesvågorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralpart of the phrase påenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gungatblevobecameblevo · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencelemma should be bli 'to become'; blevo is the archaic plural past tense (they became).
detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of sömnigaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
sömnigasleepysömnig · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of blevopåagainpå · prepositionpreposition marking nyttnyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of blevoAnd when they fell asleep, the seals came swimming.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of somnadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of somnadesomnadefell asleepsomna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kommokommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencekommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
sälarnathe sealssälarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of kommosimmandeswimmingsimma · adjective, nominativecomplement of kommoIf old Akka had not been so watchful, not a single one of them would have escaped safely.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vaksamintenotinte · particlemodifies vaksamdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of Akkagamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies AkkaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of vaksamproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vaksamvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to vaksamsåsoså · adverbmodifies vaksamvaksamwatchfulvaksam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on sluppitskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sluppitintenotinte · particlemodifies sluppitenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularintroduces the clause of sluppitendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativeclause modifying enavofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of sluppithahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of sluppitsluppitescapedsluppi · verb, supinemain verb of the sentencelyckligtsafelylycklig · adverbmodifies sluppitlyckligt often means "safely/successfully," not just "happily" — a minor false-friend trap.
undanescapedundan · adverbmodifies sluppit- 8
All day long the storm raged on, and it wrought terrible havoc among the great masses of birds that were out on their migrations at this time of year.
Helawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fortforfortforwent on/continuedfortfor · numeral, nominativehead of the phrasePast tense of 'fortfara' (to continue); mistagged as a numeral.
stormenstormstorm · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fortforochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of anställdeanställdewroughtanställa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fortforfruktansvärdaterriblefruktansvärd · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies härjningarhärjningarhavochärjning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of anställdeblandamongbland · prepositionpreposition marking massordetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of massorSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
massormasses/lotsmassa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of anställdeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking fåglarfåglarbirdsfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies massorsomthatsom · pronounsubject of voroThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
vidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking tiddennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of voropåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking åretåretyearår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies tidvorowerevoro · pronoun, accusativerelative clause on fåglarMistagged as a pronoun; voro is the archaic plural past tense of vara ("to be").
uteoutsideute · adverbmodifies voropåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking flyttresorflyttresormigrationsflyttresa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of voro Some were driven off course to distant lands, where they died of starvation; others grew so exhausted that they sank into the sea and drowned.
Somligasomesomlig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies blevoblevobecameblevo · adverbmodifies drivnaArchaic plural past tense of bli ("to become"), not an adverb; the parser mistagged it.
drivnadrivendrivna · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking kosasintheirsig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of kosakosacoursekosa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of drivnabortawaybort · adverbmodifies drivnatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking fjärranfjärrandistantfjärran · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of bortlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies drivnadärtheredär · adverbmodifies uttröttadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of dogodogodieddogo · verb, past, indicative, activesubject of uttröttadeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking svältsvältstarvationsvält · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies dogoandraothersannan · pronoun, pluralsubject of uttröttadeblevobecameblevo · verb, active, supinepassive auxiliary of uttröttadelemma should be bli 'to become'; blevo is the archaic plural past tense (they became).
såsoså · adverbmodifies uttröttadeuttröttadeworn oututtrötta · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on drivnaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sjönkodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of passive sjönkosjönkosanksjönko · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on drivnanerdownner · adverbdepends on sjönkoiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking havethavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of nerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdrunknadedrowneddrunknad · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sjönkoMany were dashed to pieces against the cliff walls, and many fell prey to the seals.
Mångamanymången · pronoun, pluralsubject of passive krossadeskrossadeswas/were shatteredkrossa · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentencemotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking klippväggarnaklippväggarnathe cliff wallsklippväggarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of krossadesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmångamanymånga · pronoun, pluralsubject of blevoblevobecameblevo · verb, active, supinecoordinated with krossadeslemma should be bli 'to become'; blevo is the archaic plural past tense (they became).
ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of rovrovpreyrov · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of krossadesförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking sälarnasälarnasealssäl · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of krossades- 9
All day the storm lasted, and Akka began at last to wonder whether she and the flock would perish.
Helawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varadevaradelastedvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencestormenstormstorm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with ,proper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
börjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with varadetillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies börjadesistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase tillundrato wonderundra · verb, active, infinitivepart of the phrase tillomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of honhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on börjadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationflockenflockflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive förolyckasskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förolyckasförolyckasperishförolycka · verb, passive, infinitivecoordinated with hon They were now dead tired, and nowhere did she see a place where they could rest.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of dödströttaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on dödströttaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
nunownu · adverbmodifies dödströttadödströttadead tireddödstrött · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationingenstansnowhereingenstans · adverboblique complement of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with dödströttahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågnågonanynågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of platsplatsplaceplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sågdärtheredär · adverbmodifies fådetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fåkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfåget tofå · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on platsvilarestvila · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåToward evening she no longer dared settle onto the sea, because it had all at once filled with great ice floes piling up against one another, and she feared they would be crushed between them.
Mottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking kvällenkvälleneveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vågadevågadedaredvåga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vågadeintenotinte · particlemodifies läggamerlongermycket · adverbmodifies läggaläggato lay/putlägga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of vågadesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of lägganerdownner · adverbmodifies läggapåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking havethavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of nerdärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of fylldesattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därfördettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of passive fylldesnunownu · adverbmodifies fylldesheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies fylldesplötsligensuddenlyplötsligen · adverbmodifies fylldesfylldeswas filledfyll · verb, past, indicative, passiveadverbial clause on läggaavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking isflakstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies isflakisflakice floesisflak · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralagent of fylldessomthatsom · pronounsubject of tornadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
tornadepiled uptorna · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on isflakmotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking varandravarandraeach othervarandra · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of tornadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fruktadefruktadefearedfrukta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vågadeförofför · prepositionintroduces the clause of krossadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of krossadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of krossadeskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of krossadeblito becomebli · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivepassive auxiliary of krossadekrossadecrushedkrossa · verb, past, participle, plural, nominativeadverbial clause on fruktademellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking dessadessathesedenna · pronoun, pluraloblique complement of krossadeA couple of times the wild geese tried to stand on the ice floes.
Ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of försökteförsöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försökteattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
ställato standställa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försöktesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ställapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking isflakenisflakenice floeisflak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ställaBut once the wild storm swept them down into the water.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sopadesopadesweptsopa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stormenvildawildvild · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies stormenstormenstormstorm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sopadenerdownner · adverbdepends on sopadedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of sopadeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking vattnetvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sopadeAnother time the merciless seals came crawling up onto the ice.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gångannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gånggångtimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kommokommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencekommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of sälarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
obarmhärtigamercilessobarmhärtig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sälarnasälarnathe sealssälarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kommokrypandecrawlingkrypande · adjective, nominativecomplement of kommouppupupp · adverbdepends on kommopåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking iseniseniceis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommo- 10
At sunset the geese were once again up in the air.
Iati · prepositionpreposition marking solnedgångensolnedgångensunsetsolnedgång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gångvorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, singulardepends on gångPast plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective.
gässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vorogässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
änthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gångenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseuppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies gångiini · prepositionpreposition marking luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uppe They flew onward, anxious about the coming night.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of flögoflögoflewflögo · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense.
framåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies flögoängsligaanxiousängslig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with flögoföraboutför · prepositionpreposition marking nattennattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ängsligaDarkness seemed to close in on them far too quickly this evening, which was so full of dangers.
Mörkretthe darknessMörkret · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of kommatycktesseemed totycktes · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommato comekomma · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencealltförtooalltför · adverbmodifies hastigthastigtquicklyhastig · adverbmodifies kommaöveronöver · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of kommadennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kvällkvälleveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kommasomwhichsom · pronounsubject of fullThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to fullsåsoså · adverbmodifies fullfullfullfull · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on kvällavofav · prepositionpreposition marking farorfarordangersfara · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of full- 11
It was dreadful that they still saw no land.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with förfärligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to förfärligtförfärligtterribleförfärlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sågoännustillännu · adverbmodifies sågointenotinte · particlemodifies sågosågosawsågo · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on förfärligtmistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw).
landlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sågo What would become of them if they were forced to stay out on the sea the whole night?
Hurhowhur · adverbmodifies gåskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gådetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of gåomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of nödgadesdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of passive nödgadesnödgadeswere forcednödga · verb, past, indicative, passiveadverbial clause on gåstannastaystanna · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of nödgadesuteoutsideute · adverbmodifies stannapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking havethavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of utehelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies nattennattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nödgadesThey would either be crushed between the ice floes, or bitten to death by the seals, or scattered by the storm.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of bliskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliantingeneitherantingen · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivelinks the coordinationblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencekrossadecrushedkrossa · verb, past, participle, plural, nominativecomplement of blimellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking isflakenisflakenice floeisflak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of krossadeelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationihjälbitnabitten to deathihjälbitna · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with isflakenavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking sälarnasälarnasealssäl · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies ihjälbitnaelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskingradescatteredskingra · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with sälarnaavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking stormenstormenstormstorm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies skingrade- 12
The sky stood cloud-covered, the moon kept itself hidden, and the darkness came quickly.
Himlenthe skyhimle · proper noun, nominativesubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemolnhöljdcloud-coveredmolnhöljd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of stodmånenmoonmåne · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllhöllkept hiddenhålla · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to stodsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of hölldoldhiddendold · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of höllochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmörkretdarknessmörkr · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodhastigtquicklyhastig · adverbmodifies kom At the same time, all of nature filled with a dreadfulness that made even the bravest hearts quail.
Påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking gångsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of gånggångtimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fylldesfylldeswas filledfyll · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentencehelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies naturennaturennaturenatur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive fylldesavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking hemskhetenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hemskhethemskhetdreadfulnesshemskhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies naturensomthatsom · pronounsubject of komThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
komcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on hemskhetdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of hjärtanSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
modigastebravestmodig · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies hjärtanhjärtanheartshjärtan · pronoun, pluraldirect object of komatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förfärasinfinitive marker before a verb.
förfärasquailförfära · verb, passive, infinitiveadverbial clause on komThe cries of migrating birds in distress had rung out over the sea all day, without anyone paying them any heed, but now, when one could no longer see who was uttering them, they seemed gloomy and frightening.
Nödställdain distressNödställda · adjective, nominativemodifies flyttfåglarsflyttfåglarsmigrating birds'flyttfåglars · proper noun, genitivepossessor of ropropcryrop · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of ljudithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ljuditljuditrung outljudit · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraladverbial clause on förefölloMislabeled as a noun; ljudit is the supine of ljuda ("to sound/ring out").
överoveröver · prepositionpreposition marking havethavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ljudithelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ljuditutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of givitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of givitnågonanyonenågon · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of givithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of givitgivitgivenge · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on ljuditaktheedakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of givitUsed in the fixed phrase ge/ta akt på, 'to pay heed to / be careful of'.
påtopå · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of givitmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies sågnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågmanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågintenotinte · particlemodifies sågmerlongermycket · adverbmodifies sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ljuditpast tense of se, 'to see.'
vemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singularcoordinated with ljuditdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on vemsomwhosom · pronounsubject of upphävdeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
upphävdelet out (a cry)upphäva · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on vemdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of upphävdeförefölloseemedföreföllo · adverbhead of the phraseHistorical plural past form of förefalla.
detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of dystraSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
dystragloomydystr · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of förefölloochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskrämmandefrighteningskrämmande · adjective, nominativecoordinated with dystraDown on the sea the drift-ice floes struck against one another with a loud booming.
Neredownnere · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stötteAdverb meaning 'down there/below', tagged as a noun.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking havethavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies Nerestöttestruckstötte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedrivis-flakenthe drift-ice floesdrivis-flak · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of stöttemotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking varandravarandraeach othervarandra · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of stöttemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking dånandeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of dånandestarktloudstark · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies dånandedånandeboomingdånande · adjective, nominativecomplement of stötteThe seals struck up their wild hunting songs.
Sälarnathe sealsSälarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of stämdestämdestruck upstämde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceuppupupp · adverbdepends on stämdesinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of jaktsångervildawildvild · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies jaktsångerjaktsångerhunting songsjaktsång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of stämdeIt was as if heaven and earth were about to crash together.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of höllevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to höllesomas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hölleomifom · prepositionpreposition marking himmelhimmelheavenhimmel · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of hölleochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjordearthjord · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with himmelhöllewere about tohölle · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceArchaic subjunctive form of 'hålla' (to hold), used in 'som om...' clauses.
påabout topå · prepositionintroduces the clause of störtaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of störtainfinitive marker before a verb.
störtato plungestörta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on höllesammantogethersamman · adverbdepends on störta- 13
THE SHEEP.
FÅRENTHE SHEEPFÅREN · proper noun, nominativehead of the phrase - 14
The boy had sat for a while looking down into the sea.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadesuttitsatsutta · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hadeArchaic spelling of suttit, the supine of sitta ("to sit").
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsettseense · verb, active, supinecoordinated with suttitnerdownner · adverbdepends on settiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking havethavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ner Suddenly he thought the roar had begun to grow louder than before.
PlötsligensuddenlyPlötsligen · adverbmodifies tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of börjadedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of tycktebrusaroarbrus · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadestarkarestrongerstark · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of brusaänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förutförutbeforeförut · adverbadverbial clause on starkareHe looked up.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
uppupupp · adverbdepends on sågDirectly in front of him, only a couple of meters away, rose a rugged, bare rock wall.
Rättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies resteframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies Rättpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking avståndbarajustbara · adverbpart of the phrase påettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies metersmetersmeters'meter · noun, genitive, common gender, pluralpossessor of avståndavstånddistanceavstånd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of resteresteroseresa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of resteenaen · determiner, common gender, singularmodifies skrovligskrovligruggedskrovlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of resteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnakenbarenaken · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bergväggbergväggrock wallbergvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with resteDown at its foot the waves broke into high spraying foam.
NeredownNere · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slogosAdverb 'nere' (down/below), mistagged as a noun.
vidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking fotdessitsden · pronounpossessor of fotch03-p50 example 'sedan dess' means 'since then', not possessive 'its' — pinning the gloss to 'its' teaches a lie for that collocation.
fotfootfot · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Nereslogosbrokeslogos · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasevågornawavesvåga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive slogostillintotill · prepositionpreposition marking skumhögthighhög · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies uppsprutandeuppsprutandespraying upuppspruta · adjective, nominativemodifies skumskumfoamskum · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of slogosThe wild geese flew straight toward the cliff, and the boy could not imagine anything but that they must be dashed against it.
Vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · proper noun, nominativesubject of flögoflögoflewflögo · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense.
raktstraightrak · adverbmodifies flögomottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking klippanklippanthe cliffklippan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flögoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förståkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förståintenotinte · particlemodifies förståförståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with flögoannatanything elseannan · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies förståänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of krossasattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of krossasdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of passive krossasmåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of krossaskrossasbe dashedkrossa · verb, passive, infinitiveclause modifying annatmotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of krossas- 15
He had scarcely had time to wonder that Akka had not seen this danger in time, when they were already right at the mountain.
Knapptscarcelyknappt · verb, active, supinemodifies hannhannhad timehann · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast tense of hinna, 'to have time to / manage to (before something else happens)'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hannundrato wonderundra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of hannöverthatöver · prepositionintroduces the clause of settatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of settinfinitive marker before a verb.
intenotinte · particlemodifies AkkaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of settproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Akkahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on undradennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of farafaradangerfara · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of settsome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
såwhenså · adverbintroduces the clause of frammevorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, singularpart of the phrase såPast plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective.
detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of frammeSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
frammearrived, at the destinationframme · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on hannFramme consistently conveys 'arrived at / at one's destination' (voro framme vid berget = 'were already at the mountain'; voro framme vid ... Lungersudden = 'arrived at'), not a bare locative 'there'.
vidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking bergetbergetmountainberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of framme Then he also noticed that ahead of them the half-round mouth of a cave was opening up.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies märktemärktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märkteocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies märkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of öppnadeframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of öppnadeöppnadeopenedöppna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on märktesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of öppnadedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of mynningenhalvrundahalf-roundhalvrund · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies mynningenmynningenmouthmynning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of öppnadeThe mouth of a cave or river.
tilloftill · prepositionpreposition marking grottaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of grottagrottacavegrotta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of öppnadeInto this the geese steered, and in the next moment they were safe.
Inintoin · verb, imperative, activesubject of styrdeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking dennadennathisdenna · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of styrdestyrdesteeredstyra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of styrdegässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiini · prepositionpreposition marking ögonblicknästanextnästa · adjective, nominativemodifies ögonblickögonblickmomentögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of vorovorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, singularcoordinated with styrdePast plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldepends on voroiini · prepositionpreposition marking säkerhetsäkerhetsafetysäkerhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies de- 16
The first thing the travelers thought of, before they allowed themselves to rejoice over their rescue, was to check whether all their companions had also come through safely.
Detaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of förstaförstafirsten · adjective, nominativesubject of tänktesurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
somthatsom · pronoundirect object of tänkteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of resandeSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
resandetravelersresande · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåofpå · prepositiondepends on tänkteinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåvodethede · determiner, pluralsubject of gåvoThis type's own examples show 'de' used as the plain personal pronoun "they" (de voro ovanligt strävsamma = "they were unusually...") as often as the determiner "the" (de andra = "the others"); a fixed gloss of "the" mis-renders every pronoun occurrence.
gåvoallowedgåvo · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tänkteArchaic plural past form of ge, despite the parser's present-tense label.
sigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of gåvoropeacero · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gåvoattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fröjdafröjdato delight infröjda · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gåvosigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of fröjdaöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking räddningsintheirsig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of räddningräddningrescueräddning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fröjdavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeintroduces the clause of seatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with tänkteeftercheckefter · prepositiondepends on seomwhetherom · prepositionpreposition marking kamraternaallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of kamraternakamraternacompanionskamrat · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of seocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies bärgadevorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralauxiliary of bärgadearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
bärgadesafebärga · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of se There were Akka, Yksi, Kolme, Neljä, Viisi, Kuusi, all six of the goslings, the gander, Dunfin, and Thumbietot, but Kaksi from Nuolja, the first goose on the left, was missing, and no one knew anything of her fate.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies funnosfunnosthere werefunnos · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceArchaic plural past tense of 'finnas' (to exist), mislabeled as imperative.
dåthendå · adverbmodifies AkkaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedepends on funnosproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
YksiYksiYksi · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to funnosOne of Akka's flock, named for the Finnish word for 'one'.
KolmeKolmeKolme · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with YksiNeljäNeljäNeljä · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with YksiViisiViisiViisi · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with YksiName of one of the wild geese (Finnish for "five").
KuusiKuusiKuusi · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with YksiProper name of one of the goslings.
allaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of gässlingarnasexsixsex · numeral, nominativequantifies gässlingarnagässlingarnathe goslingsgässlingarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralin apposition to funnosgåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with gässlingarnamorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
DunfinDunfinDunfin · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with gässlingarnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with gässlingarnathe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationKaksiKaksiKaksi · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with funnosName of one of the wild geese.
frånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking NuoljaNuoljaNuoljaNuolja · proper noun, nominativemodifies Kaksidenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vänstergåsenförstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies vänstergåsensurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
vänstergåsenleft-hand goosevänstergås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to funnosvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to försvunnenförsvunnenvanishedförsvunn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on funnosPast participle of försvinna ('to vanish'); tagged as noun but functions adjectivally.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with funnosnågotanythingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of vissteomofom · prepositionpreposition marking ödehennesherhon · pronounpossessor of ödepossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
ödefateöde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies någotöde is both a neuter noun 'fate' and an unrelated adjective 'deserted/desolate'; some examples use the adjective.
- 17
When the wild geese noticed that no one but Kaksi had been separated from the flock, they took the matter lightly.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of märktevildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märkteattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
märktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of annaningennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of annanannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of märkteänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivitKaksiKaksiKaksi · proper noun, nominativesubject of blivitName of one of the wild geese.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineclause modifying annanskildseparatedskild · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking flockenflockenflockflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blivittogotooktogo · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with annanOld plural past tense of taga/ta ('to take').
detheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of sakensurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
sakenthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of togolätteasilylätt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies togoch01-p14 'ett lätt buller' renders as 'a faint noise' in the translation, a distinct sense from weight/air-lightness or ease.
Kaksi was old and wise.
KaksiKaksiKaksi · proper noun, nominativesubject of gammalName of one of the wild geese.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gammalgammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationklokwiseklok · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with gammalShe knew all their routes and habits, and she would surely know how to find her way back to them.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändekändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceallaallall · pronoun, pluraldeterminer of vägarderastheirde · pronounpossessor of vägarpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
vägarroadsväg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kändeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvanorhabitsvana · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with vägarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förståskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förstånogsurelynog · adverbmodifies förståförståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kändeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of letainfinitive marker before a verb.
letato searchleta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on förståsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of letatillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies letatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of tillbaka- 18
So the wild geese began to look around inside the mountain cave.
Såsoså · adverbmodifies börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadeattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
seseese · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of seomaroundom · prepositionpreposition marking seinneinsideinne · adverbmodifies seiinsidei · prepositionpreposition marking bergshålanbergshålanthe mountain cavebergshåla · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of inne Enough daylight still came in through the opening that they could see the cave was both deep and wide.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceännustillännu · adverbmodifies komsåenoughså · adverbpart of the phrase ännumyckenmuchmycken · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies dagerdagerdaylightdager · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of komininin · adverbmodifies dagergenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking öppningenöppningenopeningöppning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of inattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on komattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of djupgrottancavegrotta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of djupvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to djupbådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdjupdepthdjup · noun, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of seochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvidwidevid · prepositioncoordinated with djupThey were rejoicing at having found such a splendid night's shelter, when one of them caught sight of some gleaming, green points shining out of a dark corner.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gladdegladderejoicedgla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencereflexive 'gladde sig' = rejoiced/delighted.
sigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of gladdeåtatåt · prepositionintroduces the clause of funnitatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of funnitinfinitive marker before a verb.
hahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of funnitfunnitfoundfinna · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on gladdeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of natthärbärgesåsuchså · adverbmodifies präktigtpräktigtsplendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies natthärbärgenatthärbärgenight's lodgingnatthärbärge · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of funnitnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fickenoneman · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of fickSurfaces are only "en"/"En" used as a counting pronoun ("en av dem" = "one of them"), not the indefinite generic pronoun man/en ("one does X"). Lemma is mistagged as man; it should be en (numeral pronoun "one"). Gloss "one" happens to still be correct.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies enfickcaught sightfå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gladdesynsightsyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking glänsandenågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of glänsandeglänsandegleamingglänsande · adjective, nominativemodifies punktergrönagreengrön · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies punkterpunkterpointspunkt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of ficksomthatsom · pronounsubject of lysteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
lysteshonelyste · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on punkterTagged as an adjective but is the past tense of lysa, 'to shine'.
framforwardfram · adverbdepends on lysteurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking vråenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vråmörkdarkmörk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vråvråcornervrå · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lyste»Those are eyes!»
Dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ögonärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to ögonögoneyesögo · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasecried Akka then.
ropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedåthendå · adverbmodifies ropadeAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of ropadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
»There are large animals in here.»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsfinnsthere arefinnas · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentencestorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies djurdjuranimalsdjur · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of finnshärinnein herehärinne · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies finnsThey rushed toward the exit, but Thumbietot, who saw better in the dark than the wild geese, called out to them: »There's nothing to flee from!
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of störtadeSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
störtaderushedstörta · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseTagged as an adjective but is 'störtade', past tense plural of 'störta', rushed/plunged.
mottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking utgångenutgångenexitutgång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of störtademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativesubject of ropadethe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of sågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
sågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Tummetottpast tense of se, 'to see.'
bättrebetterbra · adverbmodifies sågiini · prepositionpreposition marking mörkretmörkretdarknessmörker · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sågänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying mörkretattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
ropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with störtadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of ropadeDetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with ingentingärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to ingentingingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of flyinfinitive marker before a verb.
flyto fleefly · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying ingentingförfromför · prepositionpreposition marking flyIt's only some sheep lying along the cave wall.»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of fårärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to fårbarajustbara · adverbmodifies fårnågrasomenågon · pronoun, pluralsubject of fårfårsheepfå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesomthatsom · pronounsubject of liggerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
liggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to fårutmedalongutmed · prepositionpreposition marking grottväggengrottväggenthe cave wallgrottvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ligger- 19
When the wild geese had grown used to the dim light in the cave, they could see the sheep quite well.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadevildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadeattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sågovantused tovan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of hadesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of hadevidtovid · prepositionpreposition marking dagerndenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagernskummadimskumm · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies dagerndagerndaylightdager · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking grottangrottancavegrotta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadesågosawsågo · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw).
detheyen · determiner, pluralsubject of sågoSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
fårenthe sheepfår · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sågomycketquitemycket · adverbmodifies välvälwellväl · adverbmodifies sågo The adults numbered about as many as themselves, but besides these there were a few small lambs.
Detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vuxnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vuxnagrown-upvuxen · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of mångakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of mångavarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to mångaungefärapproximatelyungefär · adverbmodifies likalikaequallylika · adverbmodifies mångamångamanymånga · pronoun, pluralhead of the phrasesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fannsdetheyde · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fannsThis type's own examples show 'de' used as the plain personal pronoun "they" (de voro ovanligt strävsamma = "they were unusually...") as often as the determiner "the" (de andra = "the others"); a fixed gloss of "the" mis-renders every pronoun occurrence.
självathemselvessjälv · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying demenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdessutombesidesdessutom · adverbmodifies fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativeadverbial clause on mångaexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of lammsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies lammlammlambslamm · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of fannsA large ram with long, twisted horns seemed to be the foremost of the flock.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gumsestorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gumsegumseramgumse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktesmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hornlångalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hornvridnatwistedvriden · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with långahornhornshorn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies gumsetycktesseemed totycktes · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to förnämstadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of förnämstaförnämstaforemostförnämsta · adjective, nominative, superlativecomplement of tycktesavofav · prepositionpreposition marking flockenflockenflockflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies förnämstaThe wild geese went up to him, bowing a great deal.
Vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässen · proper noun, nominativesubject of gingogingowentgingo · adjective, nominative, singularhead of the phrasePast plural of 'gå' (to go/walk); mistagged as an adjective. Lemma should be 'gå'.
emotup toemot · prepositiondepends on gingohonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of emotunderwithunder · prepositionpreposition marking nigandemycketmuchmycket · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies nigandenigandebowingnigande · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gingo»Well met in the wilderness!»
Välwellväl · adverbmodifies möttmöttmetmött · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceiini · prepositionpreposition marking vildmarkenvildmarkenwildernessvildmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of möttthey greeted him, but the great ram lay still and did not say a single word of welcome.
hälsadegreetedhälsa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hälsademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstorgumsenthe great ramstorgumse · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of låglåglayligga · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hälsademistagged as adjective; the surface 'låg' here is the past tense of ligga 'to lie', not the unrelated adjective låg 'low'.
stillastillstilla · adverbmodifies lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågintenotinte · particlemodifies sadeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of välkomstordvälkomstordword of welcomevälkomstord · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sade- 20
The wild geese thought then that the sheep were displeased that they had taken shelter in their cave.
Vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässen · proper noun, nominativesubject of troddetroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedåthendå · adverbmodifies troddeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vorofårenthe sheepfår · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vorovorowerevoro · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of troddemissnöjdadispleasedmissnöjd · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of voroöverthatöver · prepositionintroduces the clause of tagitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tagitdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of tagithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tagittagittakenta · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on voroininin · adverbdepends on tagitiini · prepositionpreposition marking grottaderastheirde · pronounpossessor of grottapossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
grottacavegrotta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tagit »Perhaps it isn't proper that we've come in here into your house?»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of kommitärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to kommitkanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies kommitintenotinte · particlemodifies kommittillpropertill · prepositionintroduces the clause of kommitlagsproperlags · noun, genitive, neuter, singularpart of the phrase tillTill lags is an older expression meaning acceptable or pleasing.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommitviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kommitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceininin · adverbdepends on kommithärherehär · adverbmodifies kommitiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking husethusethousehus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommitsaid Akka.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of sadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
»But we can't help it, for we've been driven by the wind.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hjälpakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hjälpaintenotinte · particlemodifies hjälpahjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hjälpaförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of vinddrivnaviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vinddrivnaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to vinddrivnavinddrivnawind-drivenvinddrivna · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on hjälpaWe've been driven about in the storm all day, and it would be a great mercy to be allowed to stay here tonight.»
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of faritharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of faritfarittraveledfara · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies dageniduringi · prepositionpreposition marking dagenstormenstormstorm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase ihelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of faritochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gottvorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to gottalltallall · adverbmodifies gottgottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with faritatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fåbe allowed tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivedepends on gottstannastaystanna · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fåhärherehär · adverbmodifies stannaitonighti · prepositionmodifies stannanattnightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iAfter this it was a good while before any of the sheep answered in words, but instead it could be clearly heard that a couple of them drew long sighs.
Efterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of dröjdedröjdewas a good whiledröja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of dröjdeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dröjdeinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of svaradenågotanynågon · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of svaradeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking fårenfårenthe sheepfår · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies någotsvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on dröjdemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ordordwordord · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of svarademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdäremoton the other handdäremot · adverbmodifies hördeshördescould be heardhöra · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with dröjdedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with hördestydligtcleartydlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hördesattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of parettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on hördesavofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies pardrogodrewdrogo · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies suckarpast plural of dra ('to draw/pull'); mistagged as adjective.
långalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies suckarsuckarsighssuck · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies parAkka certainly knew that sheep are always shy and peculiar, but these seemed to have no idea at all how to conduct themselves.
AkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of vissteproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
vissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenogcertainlynog · adverbmodifies vissteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of blygainfinitive marker before a verb.
fårsheepfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of blygaalltidalwaysalltid · adverbmodifies blygaäroareäro · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to blygaOld plural present tense of vara ('to be').
blygashyblyg · adjective, nominative, pluralclausal complement of vissteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbesynnerligapeculiarbesynnerliga · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with blygamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdethesede · determiner, pluralsubject of tycktesThis type's own examples show 'de' used as the plain personal pronoun "they" (de voro ovanligt strävsamma = "they were unusually...") as often as the determiner "the" (de andra = "the others"); a fixed gloss of "the" mis-renders every pronoun occurrence.
härherehär · adverbpart of the phrase detycktesseemedtycktes · verb, past, indicativecoordinated with blygaintenotinte · particlemodifies tycktesallsat allalls · adverbmodifies hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tycktesnågotanynågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of begreppbegreppideabegrepp · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of haomaboutom · prepositionintroduces the clause of skickahurhowhur · adverbmodifies skickadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of skickaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skickaskickato sendskicka · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying begreppsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of skickaAt last an old ewe, who had a long, sorrowful face and a plaintive voice, said: »It isn't that any of us refuses to let you stay, but this is a house of mourning, and we cannot receive guests as we once did.»
Äntligenfinallyäntligen · adverbmodifies sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tackagammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tackatackaewetacka · verb, active, infinitivesubject of sadeGloss 'thank' is correct for the infinitive verb, but example ch13-p20-s8 ('sade en gammal tacka') uses the unrelated homograph noun 'tacka' meaning 'ewe' — that example is mis-slotted under this verb lemma and should not be read as 'to thank'.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on tackaettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ansiktelånglagtlonglånglagd · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ansikteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsorgsetsorrowfulsorgsen · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with långlagtansiktefaceansikte · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of röstklagandewailingklagande · adjective, nominativemodifies röströstvoiceröst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hadeIntenotinte · particlemodifies någonärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to någondetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of någonnågonanynågon · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of »avofav · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluralmodifies någonsomwhosom · pronounsubject of nekarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
nekarrefusesneka · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on någoneryouni · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of nekaratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of stannainfinitive marker before a verb.
stannastaystanna · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of nekarmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of husärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to husettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sorgenssorgensmourningsorg · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of hushushousehus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with någonochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of takancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of taintenotinte · particlemodifies tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with någonemotreceiveemot · adverbdepends on tagästerguestsgäst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of tasomassom · pronounintroduces the clause of förrThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
förrbeforeförr · adverbrelative clause on gästeriini · prepositionpreposition marking världenvärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förr— »You needn't be anxious about that,»
Intenotinte · particlemodifies ängsligabehöverneedbehöva · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of ängsliganiyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ängsligasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
varabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to ängsligaängsligaanxiousängslig · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseföraboutför · prepositionpreposition marking sådantsådantsuch a thingsån · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of ängsligasaid Akka.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of sadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
»If you knew what we've been through today, you would surely understand that we're content just to have a safe spot to sleep on.»
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vissteniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstesecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
vissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on begripavadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of utståttviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of utståttharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of utståttutståttenduredutstå · verb, active, supineclausal complement of vissteitodayi · prepositionmodifies utståttdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of begripaniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of begripasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
nogsurelynog · adverbmodifies begripabegripaunderstandbegripa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of nöjdaviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of nöjdaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to nöjdanöjdacontentnöjd · adjective, nominative, pluralclausal complement of begripabarajustbara · adverbmodifies fårviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fårfårhavefå · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on nöjdaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fläcktryggsafetrygg · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fläckfläckspotfläck · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sovainfinitive marker before a verb.
sovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying fläckpåonpå · prepositiondepends on sova- 21
When Akka said this, the old ewe rose.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sadeAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on restedettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of saderesteroseresa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of restedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tackangamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies tackantackanthe ewetacka · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of reste »I do believe it would be better for you to fly about in the strongest storm than to stay here.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenogdonog · adverbmodifies trorattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bättredetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of bättrevorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to bättrebättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativeclausal complement of trorförforför · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of bättreatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of flygainfinitive marker before a verb.
flygaflyflyga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on bättreomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies stormiini · prepositionpreposition marking stormstarkastestrongeststark · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies stormstormstormstorm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flygaänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stannaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of stannainfinitive marker before a verb.
stannastaystanna · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying stormhärherehär · adverbmodifies stannaBut even so, you shall not leave here before we have offered you as good a welcome as the house can provide.»
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies faraskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of faraniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of farasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
ändåeven soändå · adverbmodifies faraintenotinte · particlemodifies farafaragofara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
härifrånfrom herehärifrån · adverbmodifies faraförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies bjudaused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of bjudaharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bjudafåtthave offeredfå · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of bjuda"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
bjudato offerbjuda · verb, active, infinitivein apposition to faraeryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of bjudapåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking välfägnadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of välfägnadsåasså · adverbmodifies godgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies välfägnadvälfägnadfarevälfägnad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bjudasomassom · pronounintroduces the clause of förmårThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
husethousehus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of förmårförmåris able toförmå · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on välfägnad- 22
She led them to a hollow in the ground that was full of water.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visadevisadeshowedvisa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of visadeframforwardfram · adverbmodifies visadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking gropenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gropgroppitgrop · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of visadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gropsomthatsom · pronounsubject of fullThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to fullfullfullfull · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on gropavofav · prepositionpreposition marking vattenvattenwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of full Beside it lay a heap of husks and chaff, and this she asked them to make do with.
Därbredvidbeside itdärbredvid · adverbmodifies låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of höghögtallhög · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lågmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking agnaragnarchaffagn · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbosschaffboss · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with agnarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of badbadaskedbad · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågPast tense of 'be' (to ask/request).
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of baddemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of badhållato make dohålla · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of badtilldotill · prepositiondepends on hållagodomake do (with)godo · nounpart of the phrase tillArchaic dative form of 'gott', almost always in 'hålla till godo med' = 'to make do with'.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hålla»We've had a harsh, snowy winter this year here on the island,»
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of haftharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesträngharshsträng · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies snövintertagged as a noun but every occurrence is the adjective 'sträng' (stern/strict/severe).
snövintersnowy wintersnövint · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of haftithis yeari · prepositionmodifies haftåryearår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase ihärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase ipåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking önönthe islandön · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ishe said.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade»The farmers who own us came out to us with hay and oat straw, so that we wouldn't starve to death.
Böndernathe farmersBönderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of komsomwhosom · pronounsubject of ägerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ägerownsäga · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on Böndernaossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of ägerkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceutoutut · adverbdepends on komtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kommedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking höhöhayhö · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhavrehalmoat strawhavrehalm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with höförsoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of svältaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase förviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of svältaintenotinte · particlemodifies svältaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of svältasvältato starvesvälta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on komihjälto deathihjäl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of svältaBackbone mistags this as a noun; ihjäl is the adverb particle meaning 'to death' (as in slå ihjäl, svälta ihjäl).
And this rubbish here is all that's left of the fare.»
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of skräpethärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase detskräpetrubbishskräp · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of alltärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to alltallteverythingall · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounsubject of ärThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on alltkvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on äravofav · prepositionpreposition marking välfägnadenvälfägnadenfarevälfägnad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of är- 23
The geese fell upon the food at once.
Gässenthe geeseGässen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of störtadestörtadefellstörta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of störtadegenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies störtadeöveruponöver · prepositionpreposition marking matenmatenfoodmat · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of störtade They felt they had come off well, and were in their best of spirits.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of råkatdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of råkathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkatråkatcome offråka · verb, active, supineclausal complement of tycktevälwellväl · adverbmodifies råkatutcome offut · adverbdepends on råkatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvorowerevoro · pronoun, pluralcoordinated with råkatmistagged as a pronoun; this is the archaic plural past tense of vara 'to be'.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking lynnesitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of lynnepossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
bästabestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies lynnelynnemoodlynne · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of råkatThey did notice that the sheep were anxious, but they knew how easily frightened sheep tend to be, and did not think there was any real danger afoot.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of märktemärktenoticedmärkte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenogdidnog · adverbmodifies märkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vorofårenthe sheepfår · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vorovorowerevoro · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on märkteängsligaanxiousängslig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with voromenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vorohurhowhur · adverbmodifies lättskrämdalättskrämdaeasily frightenedlättskrämed · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of brukafårsheepfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of brukabrukatend tobruka · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of vissteFirst example ('hon knappast kunde bruka den' = 'she could scarcely use it', of an injured wing) is the sense 'to use', which was missing from the senses list.
varabevara · verb, active, infinitivedirect object of brukaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with brukaintenotinte · particlemodifies troddeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of faradetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of faravarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to faranågonanynågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of faraverkligrealverklig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies farafaradangerfara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of brukasome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
åafootå · prepositionpreposition marking färdeMostly used as the noun for a small river (Ronneby å); the idiom fara å färde 'be afoot/underway' is an old prepositional use.
färdeafootfärde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies faraArchaic noun surviving only in the idiom 'fara å färde', 'danger afoot/about'.
As soon as they had eaten, they intended, as usual, to settle down to sleep.
Såasså · adverbmodifies ätitsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies Såsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ätitdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ätithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ätitätiteatenäta · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on ämnadeämnadeintendedämna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ämnadesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vanligtvanligtusualvanlig · adverbcomplement of ämnadeAppears in the fixed phrase 'som vanligt' (as usual).
ställato settle downställa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of ämnadesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ställaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sovainfinitive marker before a verb.
sovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on ställaBut then the great ram rose and came up to them.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies resteresteroseresa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of restedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gumsenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gumsenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
gumsenthe ramgumse · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of restegumsen is singular ('the ram'), despite the plural tag.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with resteframforwardfram · adverbdepends on gicktilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of gickThe geese thought they had never seen a sheep with such long, heavy horns.
Gässenthe geeseGässen · proper noun, nominativesubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of settdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of settaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on tänkteettaen · numeral, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of fårfårsheepfå · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of settmedwithmed · prepositiondepends on fårsåsuchså · adverbmodifies långalångalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fårochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgrovathickgrova · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with fårhornhornshorn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of grovaIn other ways too he was remarkable.
Ocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies variini · prepositionpreposition marking varannatother waysannan · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase ivarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to märklighanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märkligmärkligremarkablemärklig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseHe had a large, domed forehead, wise eyes, and a fine bearing, as though he were a proud and courageous creature.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencestorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadekullrigroundedkullrig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies pannapannaforeheadpanna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with storklokawisekloka · adjective, nominativemodifies ögonögoneyesögon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with storochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hållninghållningbearinghållning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with storsomas thoughsom · pronounintroduces the clause of stoltThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stolthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stoltvorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to stoltettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of stoltstoltproudstolt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularrelative clause on hållningFunctions as adjective 'proud' in all examples, despite the noun tag.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmodigtbravemodig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies djurdjuranimalsdjur · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with stolt- 24
»I cannot answer for letting you fall asleep without telling you that it is not safe here,»
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ståkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of ståintenotinte · particlemodifies ståståstandstå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencetillfortill · prepositionpreposition marking svarssvarsaccountablesvars · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ståUsed only in the expression stå till svars, ‘be answerable’.
medwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of låtaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of låtainfinitive marker before a verb.
låtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on ståeryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluralindirect object of låtasomnato fall asleepsomna · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låtautanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of talaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of talainfinitive marker before a verb.
talato speaktala · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on låtaomtellom · prepositiondepends on talaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of osäkerthärherehär · adverbmodifies osäkertärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to osäkertosäkertunsafeosäker · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of tala he said.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade»We cannot receive night guests these days.»
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of takancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of taintenotinte · particlemodifies tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceemotreceiveemot · adverbdepends on tanattgästerovernight guestsnattgäst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of tanunownu · adverbmodifies taförnowadaysför · prepositionpreposition marking tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of taAt last Akka began to understand that this was serious.
Äntligenat lastÄntligen · adverbmodifies börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of börjadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
förståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of allvardettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of allvarvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to allvarallvarseriousallvar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on började»We'll go our way, since you insist upon it,»
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of faraskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of farafaragofara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
vårourvi · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of vägMistagged as a pronoun under lemma vi; vår here is the possessive "our", not the pronoun "we".
vägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of faraeftersomsinceeftersom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of önskarniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of önskarsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
nödvändigtinsist uponnödvändig · adverbmodifies önskarönskarwishesönska · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on faradetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of önskarshe said.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade»But won't you first tell us what it is that troubles you?
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of talaniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
intenotinte · particlemodifies talaförstfirstförst · adverbmodifies talatalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceomtellom · prepositionintroduces the clause of plågarvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of ärdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ärärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to plågarsomthatsom · pronounsubject of plågarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
plågartroublesplåga · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on talaeryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of plågarWe have no idea about anything.
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of harharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies harredafind outreda · adverbdepends on harpart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking någontingnågontinganythingnågonting · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of harWe don't even know where we've come to.»
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies vetenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångevengång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of vetvartwherevart · adverbmodifies komnaviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of komnaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to komnakomnacomekomn · adjective, nominative, pluralclausal complement of vetPlural past participle of komma ("to come").
— »This is Little Karlsö,»
Dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of Karlsönärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to KarlsönLillaLittleLilla · proper noun, nominativemodifies KarlsönPart of the place name 'Lilla Karlsön' (Little Karlsö).
KarlsönKarlsönKarlsön · proper noun, nominativehead of the phrasesaid the ram.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegumsenthe ramgumse · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sadegumsen is singular ('the ram'), despite the plural tag.
»It lies off Gotland, and no one but sheep and seabirds lives here.»
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of liggerliggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceutanföroutsideutanför · prepositionpreposition marking GottlandGottlandGotlandGottland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of liggerOlder spelling of Gotland.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of andraärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to andraingano/noneingen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andraandraothersannan · pronoun, pluralcoordinated with liggeränbutän · adverbintroduces the clause of fårfårsheepfå · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on andraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhavsfåglarseabirdshavsfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with fårsomthatsom · pronounsubject of borThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
borlivesbo · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on havsfåglarhärherehär · adverbmodifies bor— »Perhaps you're wild sheep?»
Kanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies vildfårniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vildfårsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to vildfårvildfårwild sheepvildfår · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesaid Akka.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of sadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
— »It's not far from that,»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of långtärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to långtintenotinte · particlemodifies långtlångtfarlångt · adverbhead of the phraseifrånfromifrån · prepositionpart of the phrase långtanswered the ram.
svaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegumsenthe ramgumse · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of svaradegumsen is singular ('the ram'), despite the plural tag.
»We have next to nothing to do with people.
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejustjustjust · adverbmodifies haringentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of haratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göradogöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on harmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of göraThere is an old agreement between us and the farmers at a farm over on Gotland, that they will supply us with fodder if it turns into a snowy winter, and in exchange they may take away those of us who become too many.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of överenskommelseärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to överenskommelseenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of överenskommelsegammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies överenskommelseöverenskommelseagreementöverenskommelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasemellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluralmodifies överenskommelseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationböndernathe farmersbönderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with ossiati · prepositionpreposition marking gårdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gårdgårdfarmgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies överenskommelseinneover oninne · adverbmodifies gårdpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking GottlandGottlandGotlandGottland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of inneOlder spelling of Gotland.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of försedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of förseskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of förseförsesupplyförse · verb, active, infinitivedepends on överenskommelseossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of försemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking foderfoderfodderfoder · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of förseifallififall · adverbintroduces the clause of blirFunctions as the conjunction 'if/in case'.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on försesnövintersnowy wintersnövint · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of blirochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtillin returntill · prepositionmodifies fårgengäldreturngengäld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase tillused in the phrase 'till gengäld', 'in return'.
fårmayfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of föradetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of föraföratake awayföra · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with blirbortawaybort · adverbdepends on förademthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of föraavofav · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of förasomwhosom · pronounsubject of blirThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
blirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on föraövertaligatoo manyövertalig · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of blirThe island is small, so it cannot feed too many of us.
Önthe islandÖn · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of litenärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to litenlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of födaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sådenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of födakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of födaintenotinte · particlemodifies födafödafeedföda · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on litenalltförtooalltför · adverbmodifies mångamångamanymånga · pronoun, pluraldirect object of födaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of födaBut otherwise we take care of ourselves all year round, and we don't live in houses with doors and locks, but keep to caves like this one.»
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationeljestotherwiseeljest · adverbmodifies sköterskötertakes care ofsköta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sköterossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of skötersjälvaourselvessjälv · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies årethelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies åretåretyearår · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sköteromroundom · prepositionpreposition marking åretochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of borborlivesbo · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sköterintenotinte · particlemodifies boriini · prepositionpreposition marking hushushouseshus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of bormedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking dörrardörrardoorsdörr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies husochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlåslockslås · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with dörrarutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hållerhållerkeepshålla · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with skötertillaroundtill · prepositiondepends on hålleriini · prepositionpreposition marking grottorsådanasuchsån · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies grottorhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase sådanagrottorcavesgrotta · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of håller- 25
»Do you stay out here in winter too?»
StannarstayStannar · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Stannarsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
härherehär · adverbmodifies Stannaruteoutsideute · adverbmodifies Stannarominom · prepositionpreposition marking vinternvinternwintervinter · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Stannarmedwithmed · prepositiondepends on Stannar asked Akka, astonished.
frågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of frågadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
förvånadastonishedförvånad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of frågade— »Yes, we do,»
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on gördetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of görgördoesgöra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of göranswered the ram.
svaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegumsenthe ramgumse · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of svaradegumsen is singular ('the ram'), despite the plural tag.
»We have good grazing up here on the mountain all year round.»
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegottgoodgott · adverbmodifies betebetegrazingbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularindirect object of harhäroppeup herehäroppe · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of harFunctions as the adverb 'häroppe' (up here), mistagged as a noun.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking bergetbergetmountainberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies häroppehelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies åretåretyearår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of haromroundom · prepositionpreposition marking året— »It sounds to me as though you should have things better than other sheep,»
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckertyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of låterdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of låterlåtersoundslåta · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of tyckersomas thoughsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåromifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of haniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
skulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fårdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of habättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies haänthanän · prepositionpreposition marking andraandraothersannan · pronoun, pluraloblique complement of hafårsheepfå · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on låtersaid Akka.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of sadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
»But what misfortune is it, then, that has come upon you?»
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phraseärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to vaddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with vadnunownu · adverbmodifies vadförkind offör · prepositionpreposition marking olyckaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of olyckaolyckamisfortuneolycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vadsomthatsom · pronounsubject of kommitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinerelative clause on olyckaöveruponöver · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kommit— »There was a hard frost this past winter.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of köldvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to köldstarkstrongstark · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies köldköldcoldköld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseilast winteri · prepositionmodifies köldvintraslast wintervintras · nounpart of the phrase iThe sea froze, and then three foxes came across on the ice, and they have stayed here ever since.
HavetseaHav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of frösfrösfrozefrös · adverbhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fröstrethreetre · numeral, nominativequantifies styckenstyckenof themstyck · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of rävarrävarfoxesräva · verb, present, indicative, activesubject of gicktagged as a verb form but every occurrence is the plural noun 'rävar' (foxes); glossed as the noun it actually is.
hitöverover herehitöver · adverbmodifies rävarpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking iseniseniceis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hitöverochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of stannatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of stannatstannatstayedstanna · verb, active, supinecoordinated with gickkvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on stannathärherehär · adverbmodifies stannatalltsedanever sincealltsedan · adverbmodifies stannatOtherwise there isn't a single dangerous animal on this island.»
Eljestotherwiseeljest · adverbmodifies finnsfinnsthere isfinnas · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsintenotinte · particlemodifies finnsettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of djurlivsfarligtdangerouslivsfarlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies djurdjuranimaldjur · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of finnshärherehär · adverbmodifies finnspåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking önönthe islandön · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of här— »Really, do the foxes dare tackle one such as you?»
JasåreallyJaså · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vågarInterjection mistagged as a noun; expresses mild surprise or acknowledgment and its English rendering shifts with tone.
vågardaresvåga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencerävarnathe foxesrävarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vågarsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vågarpåtacklepå · prepositionpreposition marking sådanenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sådansådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of vågarsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
somassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of niniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to sådansecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
— »Oh no, not by day; then I can well defend myself and mine,»
Ånejoh noÅnej · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseInterjection (Ånej = Å nej, 'oh no'), tagged as a proper noun by the parser.
intenotinte · particlemodifies dagenombyom · prepositionpreposition marking dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Ånejdåthendå · adverbmodifies försvarakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of försvarajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försvaranogwellnog · adverbmodifies försvaraförsvaradefendförsvara · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on Ånejmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of försvaraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of minaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
minamyjag · pronoun, pluralcoordinated with migThis entry is really the possessive "mina" (plural agreement), mistagged under the lemma jag.
said the ram, shaking his horns.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegumsenthe ramgumse · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sadegumsen is singular ('the ram'), despite the plural tag.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskakadeshookskaka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadepåshookpå · prepositionpreposition marking hornenhornenhornshorn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of skakade»But they creep up on us at night, when we're asleep inside the caves.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of smygersmygercreepssmyga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of smygeröveronöver · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of smygeromatom · prepositionpreposition marking nattennattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of smygernärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of soverviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of soversoversleepssova · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on smygerinneinsideinne · adverbdepends on soveriinsidei · prepositionpreposition marking grottornagrottornacavesgrotta · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of soverWe try to stay awake, but sometime one has to sleep, and then they come upon us.
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of försökerförsökertriesförsöka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hållainfinitive marker before a verb.
hållato stay awakehålla · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försökerossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hållavaknato wakevakna · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of hållamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnågonsometimenågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångsometimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sovamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sovamanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sovajuafter allju · adverbmodifies sovasovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with hållaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies kommerkommerwillkomma · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with hålladetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommeröveruponöver · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kommerThey've already killed every single sheep in the other caves, and there were flocks there just as large as mine.»
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of dödatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of dödatredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies dödatdödatkilleddöda · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencevartendaevery singlevartend · pronoun, pluralcomplement of dödatfårsheepfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeoblique complement of dödatiini · prepositionpreposition marking grottornadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of grottornaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies grottornagrottornacavesgrotta · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of fårochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärtheredär · adverbmodifies fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativecoordinated with dödatexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
flockarflocksflock · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fannssomassom · pronounsubject of storaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to storalikaequallylika · adverbmodifies storastorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on flockarsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of min.min.minemin. · noundepends on stora- 26
»It's no pleasure to speak of how helpless we are,»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with roligtärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to roligtintenotinte · particlemodifies roligtroligtfunrolig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of talainfinitive marker before a verb.
talato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivedepends on roligtomofom · prepositionpreposition marking talaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hjälplösaviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hjälplösaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to hjälplösasåhowså · adverbmodifies hjälplösahjälplösahelplesshjälplös · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on roligt said the old ewe now.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies sadedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tackangamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies tackantackanthe ewetacka · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of sade»We can do no better than if we were tame sheep.»
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of redakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of redaintenotinte · particlemodifies redaredamanagereda · prepositionhead of the phraseInfinitive of the verb 'reda sig' (to manage/fend for oneself), mistagged as a preposition.
ossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of redabättrebetterbra · adverbmodifies redaänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tamfåromifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tamfårviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of tamfårvorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to tamfårtamfårtame sheeptamfår · proper noun, nominativeadverbial clause on reda— »Do you think they'll come here tonight?»
Trorthink/believeTror · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Trorsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommerdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of Trorhitherehit · adverbmodifies kommeritonighti · prepositionmodifies kommernattnightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase isaid Akka.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of sadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
— »There's nothing else to expect,»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with annatärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to annatintenotinte · particlemodifies annatannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of väntainfinitive marker before a verb.
väntato waitvänta · verb, active, infinitivedepends on annatanswered the old one.
svaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of svaradegamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularcomplement of svarade»They were here last night and stole a lamb from us.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gårvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gårhärherehär · adverbmodifies varilast nighti · prepositionmodifies vargårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenattnightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gårochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstalstolestal · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with nattPast tense of the verb 'stjäla' (to steal); mistagged as a noun.
ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of lammlamma lamblamm · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of gårifrånfromifrån · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluralmodifies lammThey'll surely come again, for as long as any of us is left alive.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommaläris said tolär · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommamodal expressing hearsay or likelihood.
nogsurelynog · adverbmodifies kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceigenagainigen · adverbdepends on kommasåasså · adverbmodifies längelängefor as long aslänge · adverbadverbial clause on kommanågonanynågon · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of kommaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluralmodifies någonfinnsis left alivefinnas · verb, present, indicativerelative clause on kommaialivei · prepositionpreposition marking livetlivetaliveliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of finnsThat's what they've done at the other places.»
Såthat wayså · adverbmodifies gjortharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjortdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gjortgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencepåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking ställenadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ställenaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ställenaställenaplacesställe · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of gjort— »But if they're allowed to go on like this, you'll be wiped out entirely,»
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hålladetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hållafårallowed tofå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållahållato go onhålla · verb, active, infinitivedepends on blirpåonpå · prepositiondepends on hållasålike thisså · adverbmodifies hållahärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase såsåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blirsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
juafter allju · adverbmodifies blirrentpurelyren · adverbmodifies utöddautöddawiped oututödda · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of blirsaid Akka.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of sadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
— »Yes, it won't be long before it's the end of all the sheep on Little Karlsö,»
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on ,detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with dröjaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of dröjaintenotinte · particlemodifies dröjadröjato delaydröja · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencelängelonglänge · adverbmodifies dröjaförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies slutused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of slutärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to slutslutoverslut · adjective, nominativeadverbial clause on dröjamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking fårenallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fårenfårenthe sheepfår · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slutpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking KarlsönLillaLittleLilla · proper noun, nominativepossessor of KarlsönPart of the place name 'Lilla Karlsön' (Little Karlsö).
KarlsönKarlsönKarlsön · proper noun, nominativemodifies fårensaid the ewe.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetackanthe ewetacka · adverbsubject of sade- 27
Akka stood there rather torn.
AkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of stodproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
stodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedärtheredär · adverbmodifies stodrättratherrätt · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tvehågsentvehågsentorntvehågs · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodMistagged as a noun; surface 'tvehågsen' is the adjective tvehågsen (undecided/hesitant).
It was no pleasure to go back out into the storm again, and it was no good either to stay in a house where such guests were expected.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies roligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to roligtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with roligtroligtfunrolig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of geinfinitive marker before a verb.
geto givege · verb, active, infinitivedepends on roligtsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of geutoutut · adverbmodifies geiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking stormenstormenstormstorm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utigenagainigen · adverbmodifies geochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies gottvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gottdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gottgottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies stannaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of stannainfinitive marker before a verb.
stannastaystanna · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with roligtiini · prepositionpreposition marking husettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of hushushousehus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stannadärtheredär · adverbmodifies väntadesdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with väntadesväntadeswere expectedväntadea · verb, past, indicative, passiverelative clause on hussådanasuchsån · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gästergästerguestsgäst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive väntadesWhen she had thought it over for a while, she turned to Thumbietot.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of funderathonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of funderathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of funderatfunderatponderedfundera · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on vändeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of funderatvändeturnedvände · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vändetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking TummetottTummetottThumbietottummetott · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of vändethe boy's nickname once shrunk; kept as the studio translation's name.
»I wonder if you would help us, as you have done many times before,»
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undrarundrarwondersundra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hjälpaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hjälpavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hjälpahjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of undrarossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hjälpasomassom · pronoundirect object of gjortThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjortharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjortgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hjälpamångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of förutförutbeforeförut · adverbmodifies gjortshe said.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeYes, the boy answered, he would be glad to.
Jowell/yesjo · interjectiondepends on svaradeused to affirm or answer a question, often contradicting an implied doubt.
svaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svaradedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of villevillewantedvilja · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to svaradehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villenoggladlynog · adverbmodifies ville— »It's a great pity for you not to get any sleep,»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with syndärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to syndalltallall · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies syndsynda pitysynd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseomforom · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of syndatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sovainfinitive marker before a verb.
intenotinte · particlemodifies sovafåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of sovasovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitivedepends on syndsaid the wild goose, »but I wonder if you're able to stay awake until the foxes come, and wake us then, so that we can fly away.»
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevildgåsenwild goosevildgås · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undrarundrarwondersundra · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sadeomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of orkarduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of orkarorkarmanagesorka · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of undrarvakato keep watchvaka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of orkartillsuntiltills · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking rävarnarävarnathe foxesräv · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of vakakommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with orkarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationväckato wakeväcka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kommerossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of väckadåthendå · adverbmodifies väckasåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of flygaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of flygafårcanfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of flygaflygaflyflyga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kommerundanawayundan · adverbdepends on flygaThe boy was only moderately pleased by this, but anything was better than going back out into the storm again, so he promised that he would keep himself awake.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesåonlyså · adverbmodifies blevmåttligtmoderatelymåttlig · adverbmodifies gladgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevåtbyåt · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of blevmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationalltingeverythingallting · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of bättrevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to bättrebättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of blevänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of geatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of geinfinitive marker before a verb.
geto givege · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on bättresighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of geutoutut · adverbmodifies geiini · prepositionpreposition marking stormenstormenstormstorm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utigenagainigen · adverbdepends on gesåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of lovadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lovadelovadepromisedlova · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blevattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hållahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hållaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållahållato stay awakehålla · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of lovadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of hållavakenawakevak · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hållaAll four examples in this chunk use "vaken" as the adjective (awake), not the noun "vak" (ice-hole); the primary gloss should be "awake" here, though the ice-hole noun sense also occurs elsewhere in the book under this same conflated surface.
- 28
He went up to the cave opening, crept down behind a rock so as to have shelter from the storm, and sat down to keep watch.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceframforwardfram · adverbdepends on gicktilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking grottöppningengrottöppningenthe cave openinggrottöppning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickkröpcreptkröp · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with gickPast tense of krypa despite the 'present' tag.
nerdownner · adverbdepends on kröpbakombehindbakom · prepositionpreposition marking stenenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stenstenstonesten · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kröpförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of fåattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase förhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfåhavefå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kröpläshelterlä · adverbdirect object of fåförfromför · prepositionpreposition marking stormenstormenstormstorm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fåpast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of satteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vakainfinitive marker before a verb.
vakato keep watchvaka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of satte - 29
When the boy had sat there for a while, the storm seemed to be dying down.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of suttitpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of suttithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of suttitsuttitsatsutta · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on tycktesArchaic spelling of suttit, the supine of sitta ("to sit").
därtheredär · adverbmodifies suttitenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of suttittycktesseemedtycktes · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencestormenstormstorm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktesavtagadie downavtaga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tycktes The sky grew clear, and moonlight began to play on the waves.
Himlenthe skyHimlen · proper noun, nominativesubject of blevCommon noun 'himmel' (sky/heaven) mistagged as a proper noun here.
blevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceklarclearklar · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmånskenetmoonlightmånsken · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blevlekato playleka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking vågornavågornathe wavesvågorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of lekaThe boy went to the cave opening to look out.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking grottöppningengrottöppningenthe cave openinggrottöppning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of seatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gickutoutut · adverbdepends on seThe cave was situated quite high up on the mountain.
Grottanthe caveGrottan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of befannbefannwas situatedbefanna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceReflexive 'befann sig' means 'was located/found himself'; lemma should be 'befinna'.
sigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of befannrättquiterätt · adverbmodifies uppåthögthighhög · adverbmodifies uppåtthis type bundles the positive, comparative, and superlative degree forms (högt, högre, högst) under one entry.
uppåtupwarduppåt · adverbmodifies bergetbergetmountainberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of befannA narrow, steep path led up there.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of leddesmalnarrowsmal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies leddeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbrantsteepbrant · adverbmodifies stigAlso used as a noun for 'a steep slope' in some occurrences.
stigpathstig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with smalMostly the noun 'stig' (path), mistagged as an adjective; one example is instead the imperative 'stig opp!' (get up!) of the verb stiga.
leddeledleda · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedituppup thereditupp · proper noun, nominativesubject of leddeIt was on that path, no doubt, that he had to expect the foxes.
Påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varvälno doubtväl · adverbmodifies varhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of väntaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of väntainfinitive marker before a verb.
väntato waitvänta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on varrävarnathe foxesräv · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of vänta- 30
No foxes did he see as yet, but instead something that in the first instant frightened him a great deal more.
Inganoinga · proper noun, nominativemodifies rävarrävarfoxesräv · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågännuyetännu · adverbmodifies sågtilloftill · prepositiondepends on sågmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdäremoton the other handdäremot · adverbmodifies någotnågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronoundepends on blevThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bleviati · prepositionpreposition marking ögonblicketförstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies ögonblicketsurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
ögonblicketmomentögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on någotmycketa great dealmycket · adverbmodifies merameramoremycket · adverbmodifies räddräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevförofför · prepositionpreposition marking ögonblicket On the strip of beach below the mountain stood some great giants or other stone trolls, or perhaps they were actually people.
Påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking strandremsanstrandremsanstrip of shorestrandremsa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodonedanförbelownedanför · prepositionpreposition marking bergetbergetmountainberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies strandremsanstodostoodstodo · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of storastorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of jättarjättargiantsjätta · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of stodojättar is the plural noun 'giants'; mistagged as a verb.
elleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stentrollstentrollstone trollstentroll · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of jättarelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies människorattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of människordetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of människorrentpurelyren · adverbmodifies människoravactuallyav · prepositionpart of the phrase rentvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with jättarAt first he thought he was dreaming, but now he was quite certain that he had not fallen asleep.
Förstfirstförst · adverbmodifies troddetroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of troddeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of drömdehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of drömdedrömdedreameddrömdea · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of troddemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to säkerhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of säkeralldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies säkersäkercertainsäker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with troddepåofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of fallitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fallithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fallitintenotinte · particlemodifies fallithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fallitfallitfallenfalla · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on säkeriintoi · prepositionpreposition marking sömnsömnsleepsömn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fallitHe saw the great fellows so clearly that it could not be any trick of the eyes.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of karlarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
storabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies karlarnakarlarnathe menkarlarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sågsåsoså · adverbmodifies tydligttydligtcleartydlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of synvilladetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of synvillaintenotinte · particlemodifies synvillakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of synvillavarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to synvillanågonanynågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of synvillasynvillaillusionsynvilla · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of sågSome stood out on the strand and others right up against the mountain, as if they meant to climb up it.
Somligasomesomlig · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of stodostodostoodstodo · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceuteoutsideute · adverbmodifies stodopåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking strandbräddenstrandbräddenriverbankstrandbrädd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationandraothersannan · pronoun, pluralcoordinated with stodoalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies bergetinpåright up oninpå · prepositionpreposition marking bergetbergetmountainberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of andrasomas ifsom · pronounsubject of klättraThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of klättradetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of klättraämnadeintended toämna · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on klättraActually the past tense of the verb ämna "to intend", mislabeled as an adjective.
klättrato climbklättra · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on bergetuppförupuppför · adverbdepends on klättradetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of uppförSome had large, thick heads, and others had none at all.
Somligasomesomlig · pronoun, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencestorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies huvudentjockathicktjock · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with storahuvudenheadshuvude · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationandraothersannan · pronoun, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hadeingetnothingingen · determiner, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeallsat allalls · adverbmodifies hadeSome were one-armed, and some had humps both front and back.
Somligasomesomlig · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasevorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on enarmadearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
enarmadeone-armedenarma · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with Somligaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsomligasomesomlig · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with Somligapucklarhumpspuckel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hadebådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationframforwardfram · adverbcoordinated with hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbakbackbak · adverbcoordinated with framUsually the adverb 'at the back', but in ch42-p19 'ha bak för sig' means 'to be baking'.
He had never seen anything so extraordinary.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies settsettseense · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencenågotanythingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of settsåsoså · adverbmodifies märkvärdigtmärkvärdigtextraordinarymärkvärdig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of sett- 31
The boy stood there frightening himself over those trolls, so that he almost forgot to watch out for the foxes.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskrämdefrightenedskrämde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stoduppupupp · adverbdepends on skrämdesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of skrämdeföraboutför · prepositionpreposition marking dedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraloblique complement of skrämdedärtheredär · adverbmodifies trollentrollentrolltroll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to desåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of glömdeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of glömdenästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies glömdeglömdeforgotglöma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on stodatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of spanainfinitive marker before a verb.
spanawatch forspana · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of glömdeefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking rävarnarävarnathe foxesräv · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of spana But now he heard a claw scrape against a stone.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies hördehördeheardhörde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of klokloclawklo · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies skrapaskrapascrapeskrapa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hördemotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking stenenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singulardeterminer of stenstenstonesten · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skrapaHe saw three foxes coming up the steep slope, and as soon as he knew he had something real to deal with, he grew calm again and was not the least bit afraid.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
trethreetre · numeral, nominativequantifies rävarrävarfoxesräv · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of såguppförupuppför · prepositionpreposition marking brantenbrantenslopebrant · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåasså · adverbmodifies snartsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies ochsomassom · adverbintroduces the clause of vissteAdverbial/conjunctive use of som ('as/just as'), distinct from its usual relative-pronoun sense.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of visstenågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of verkligtverkligtrealverklig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göradealgöra · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying verkligtmedwithmed · prepositiondepends on görablevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to såghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevlugncalmlugn · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevigenagainigen · adverbdepends on blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies räddettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of grandgrandleast bitgrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räddräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with blevIt occurred to him that it would be a great shame just to wake the geese and leave the sheep to their fate.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with föllföllfellföll · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of föllininin · adverbdepends on föllattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of synddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with syndvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to syndbragreatbra · adjective, nominativemodifies syndsynda shamesynd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of föllatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of väckainfinitive marker before a verb.
barajustbara · adverbmodifies väckaväckato wakeväcka · verb, active, infinitivedepends on syndgässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of väckagässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlämnaleavelämna · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with väckafårenthe sheepfår · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lämnaåttoåt · prepositionpreposition marking ödesitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of ödepossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
ödefateöde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of lämnaöde is both a neuter noun 'fate' and an unrelated adjective 'deserted/desolate'; some examples use the adjective.
He felt he would like to arrange things differently.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ställahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ställaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ställaviljato wantvilja · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of ställaställato arrangeställa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tycktetilluptill · prepositiondepends on ställapåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ställa- 32
He ran quickly back into the cave, shook the great ram by the horns until he woke, and at the same time swung himself up onto his back.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sprangsprangransprang · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehastigtquicklyhastig · adverbmodifies spranginåtintoinåt · prepositionpreposition marking grottangrottancavegrotta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sprangskakadeshookskaka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sprangstorgumsenthe big ramstorgumse · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skakadeibyi · prepositionpreposition marking hornenhornenhornshorn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of skakadesåuntilså · adverbintroduces the clause of vaknadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vaknadevaknadewoke upvakna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sprangochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsvängdeswungsvängde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vaknadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of svängdepåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking gångsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of gånggångtimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of svängdeuppupupp · adverbmodifies svängdepåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking rygghanshishan · pronounpossessor of ryggryggbackrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of svängde »Get up, father, and we'll try to give the foxes a scare!»
Resget upRes · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldepends on försökapåuppå · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluralmodifies Resfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ersåandså · adverbadverbial clause on försökaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of försökaviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of försökaförsökato tryförsöka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of skrämmainfinitive marker before a verb.
skrämmato frightenskrämma · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of försökarävarnathe foxesrävarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralindirect object of skrämmaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of smulasmulabitsmula · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skrämmasaid the boy.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade- 33
He had tried to be as quiet as possible, but the foxes must still have heard some noise.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försökthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of försöktförsökttriedförsöka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tystinfinitive marker before a verb.
varabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to tystsåasså · adverbmodifies tysttystquiettyst · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on försöktsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of möjligtmöjligtpossiblemöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on tysthalf the examples (ch01-p27, ch04-p30) use the fixed idiom 'allt möjligt' = 'all sorts of/everything', not the literal 'possible' sense used in the other two.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrävarnathe foxesräv · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hörtmåttemustmåtte · adverbmodifies rävarnaModal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means "must"; the perfect sense ("must have") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain "must."
alltstillallt · adverbmodifies hörthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of hörthörtheardhöra · verb, active, supinecoordinated with tystnågotsomenågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of bullerbullernoisebuller · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hört When they came up to the mouth of the cave, they stopped and conferred.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommokommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stannadekommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
uppupupp · adverbdepends on kommotilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking mynninggrottansthe cave'sgrotta · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of mynningmynningmouthmynning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommoThe mouth of a cave or river.
stannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of stannadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationöverladedeliberatedöverla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with de»That was surely one of them in there, moving about,»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with bestämtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to bestämtbestämtsurelybestämma · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencenågononenågon · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of bestämtavofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies någondärinnein theredärinne · adverbmodifies bestämtsomthatsom · pronounsubject of rördeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
rördemovedröra · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on bestämtpåaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of rördesaid one.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of sade»I wonder if they're awake.»
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undrarundrarwondersundra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vaknadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of vaknaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to vaknavaknaawakevakn · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on undrar— »Oh, just go on!»
ÅohÅ · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencepåonpå · prepositiondepends on gåduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase påbarajustbara · adverbmodifies gåsaid another.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of annanannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sade»They can't do anything to us anyway.»
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of görakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of göraiin any casei · prepositionpreposition marking fallallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fallfallcasesfall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of göraintenotinte · particlemodifies göragöradogöra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluralindirect object of göranågotanythingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of göra- 34
When they came farther into the cave, they stopped and sniffed the air.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommokommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stannadekommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
längrefartherlänge · adverbmodifies inininin · adverbmodifies kommoiini · prepositionpreposition marking grottangrottancavegrotta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of instannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of stannadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvädradesniffed the airvädra · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with de »Which one shall we take tonight?»
Vemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of taskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of taviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceitonighti · prepositiondepends on takvälleveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iwhispered the one going first.
viskadewhisperedviska · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of viskadesomwhosom · pronounsubject of gickThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
gickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on denförstfirstförst · adverbmodifies gick— »Tonight we'll take the great ram,»
Itonighti · prepositionmodifies takvälleveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase Iskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of taviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencestorgumsenthe great ramstorgumse · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of tasaid the last one.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sistesistethe lastsiste · adjective, nominative, superlativesubject of sade»After that we'll have easy work with the rest.»
Sedanthensedan · adverbmodifies fårfårhavefå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fårettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of arbetelätteasylätt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies arbetech01-p14 'ett lätt buller' renders as 'a faint noise' in the translation, a distinct sense from weight/air-lightness or ease.
arbeteworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fårmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking andradetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andraSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraothersannan · pronoun, pluraloblique complement of får- 35
The boy sat on the old ram's back and watched how they crept forward.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking ryggdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gumsensgamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gumsensgumsensram'sgums · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of ryggryggbackrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattpast tense of se, 'to see.'
hurhowhur · adverbmodifies smögodetheyen · determiner, pluralsubject of smögoSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
smögocreptsmögo · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of sågHistorical plural past form of smyga.
sigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of smögoframforwardfram · adverbmodifies smögo »Now push straight ahead!»
Stötpushstöt · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies Stöttillwith forcetill · prepositionpreposition marking raktraktstraightrak · adverbmodifies framframforwardfram · adverbmodifies Stötwhispered the boy.
viskadewhisperedviska · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of viskadeThe great ram lunged, and the first fox was flung headlong back toward the opening.
Storgumsenthe great ramStorgumsen · proper noun, nominativesubject of stöttestöttestruckstötte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetillwith forcetill · prepositiondepends on stötteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rävenförstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies rävensurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
rävenfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive kastadeskastadeswas flungkasta · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with stöttehuvudstupaheadlonghuvudstupa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive kastadesMistagged as noun; it functions as an adverb.
tillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies kastadesmottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking öppningenöppningenopeningöppning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tillbaka»Now push to the left!»
Stötpushstöt · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies Stöttillwith forcetill · prepositiondepends on Stötåttoåt · prepositionmodifies Stötvänsterleftvänster · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase åtthe left side/direction.
said the boy, turning the ram's great head in the right direction.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvändeturnedvände · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadegumsensram'sgums · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of huvudstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies huvudweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
huvudheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of vändeåtinåt · prepositionpreposition marking hållrättrighträtt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hållhålldirectionhåll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of vändeThe ram aimed a terrible blow, which caught the second fox in the side.
Gumsenthe ramGumsen · proper noun, nominativesubject of måttadeDefinite of 'gumse' (ram); used as a semi-proper reference.
måttadeaimedmåtta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of slagförfärligtterribleförfärlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies slagslagblowslag · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of måttadesomwhichsom · pronounsubject of träffadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
träffadecaughtträffa · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on slagdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rävenandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies rävenrävenfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of träffadeiini · prepositionmodifies träffadesidansidesida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iHe rolled over several times before he got back on his feet and could flee.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rulladerulladerolledrulla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceruntaroundrunt · adverbmodifies flerafleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of rulladeinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on rulladepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking benenbenenlegsben · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komigenagainigen · adverbmodifies komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flyflyto fleefly · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with komThe boy would have gladly wished that the third one too had gotten a blow, but he had already made off.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencealltgladlyallt · adverbmodifies önskatgärnagladlygärna · adverbmodifies önskatType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
önskatwishedönskaa · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hadeLemma has a typo (önskaa for önska).
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåttocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies tredjedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tredjetredjethirdtre · adjective, nominativesubject of fåttSurface 'tredje' is the ordinal 'third', though lemma is tagged as the cardinal 'tre'.
skullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåtthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of fåttfåttgottenfå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stötstötblowstöt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåttmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of givithadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of givitredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies givitgivitgivenge · verb, active, supinecoordinated with hadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of givitavoffav · prepositionpreposition marking givit- 36
»Now I think they've had enough for tonight,»
Nunownu · adverbmodifies tänkertänkerthinktänka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåttdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fåttharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttfåtthadfå · verb, active, supineclausal complement of tänkernogenoughnog · adverbmodifies fåttförforför · prepositiondepends on fåttitonighti · prepositionmodifies fåttnattnightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase i said the boy.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade— »I think so too,»
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies trormedwithmed · prepositiondepends on trorsaid the great ram.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencestorgumsenthe great ramstorgumse · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sade»Now lie down on my back and burrow down into the wool!
Läggputlägga · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of Läggnunownu · adverbmodifies Läggpåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking ryggminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of ryggpossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
ryggbackrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Läggochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkrypburrowkryp · verb, imperative, activecoordinated with Läggnerdownner · adverbdepends on krypiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking ullenullenwoolull · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of krypYou deserve to be good and warm after all the wind you've been out in.»
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förtjänakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of förtjänaförtjänadeserveförtjäna · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fåbefå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of förtjänadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of fågottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies fåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarmtwarmvarm · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with gottefterafterefter · prepositionintroduces the clause of blåstallallall · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of blåstblåstwindblåsa · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on förtjänaAll four examples use 'blåst' as the noun meaning 'wind/gale' (efter all blåst, med blåst och duggregn, storm och blåst, samma blåst och köld), not as the supine of the verb blåsa ('has blown'); the type record conflates the homograph. Default gloss corrected to the attested noun sense.
somthatsom · pronoundirect object of harThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on förtjänauteoutsideute · adverbmodifies varitiini · prepositionoblique complement of varit- 37
The next day the great ram walked about with the boy on his back and showed him the island.
Nästanextnästa · adjective, nominativemodifies dagdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencestorgumsenthe big ramstorgumse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies pojkenmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking ryggenryggenbackrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvisadeshowedvisa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of visadeönthe islandön · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of visadeDefinite noun 'ön' (the island); mistagged as pronoun.
It consisted of one single enormous rock.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of bestodbestodconsistedbestå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceavofav · prepositionpreposition marking klippaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of klippaendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativemodifies väldigväldigenormousväldig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies klippaklipparockklippa · verb, active, infinitiveagent of bestodTwo of the four example sentences (ch13-p37-s2 'Den bestod av en enda väldig klippa' and ch14-p64-s1 'hög, brant klippa') use the unrelated homograph noun klippa ('cliff/rock'), not this verb 'to clip.' Do not gloss those occurrences as 'to clip' — the verb sense only fits ch03-p57-s2 and ch03-p57-s4.
It was like a great house with sheer walls and a flat roof.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesomlikesom · prepositionpreposition marking husFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of husstortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hushushousehus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of varmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking väggarlodrätasheerlodrät · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies väggarväggarwallsvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies husochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationplattflatplatt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies taktakrooftak · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with väggarThe ram first went up onto the mountaintop and showed the boy the good grazing lands there, and the boy had to admit that the island seemed made especially for sheep.
Gumsenthe ramGumsen · proper noun, nominativesubject of gickDefinite of 'gumse' (ram); used as a semi-proper reference.
gickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceförstfirstförst · adverbmodifies gickuppupupp · adverbdepends on gickpåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking bergtaketbergtaketthe mountaintopbergtak · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvisadeshowedvisa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies betesmarkernadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of betesmarkernaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
godagoodgod · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies betesmarkernabetesmarkernagrazing landsbetesmark · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of visadedärtheredär · adverbmodifies visadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdennehedenna · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of fickArchaic masculine demonstrative "denne" used anaphorically for a previously named male person.
fickhad tofå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gicklovhad tolov · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fickatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of erkännainfinitive marker before a verb.
erkännato admiterkänna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fickattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skapadönthe islandön · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skapadtycktesseemed totycktes · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on skapadvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to skapadsärskiltespeciallysärskilt · adverbmodifies skapadskapadmadeskapa · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of erkännaPast participle used adjectivally: 'created/made for'.
förforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of fårfårhad tofå · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on skapadNot much else grew up on the mountain besides sheep's fescue and those small dry, spice-scented plants that sheep like.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with växteväxtegrewväxa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies växtemycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies annatannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of växteuppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies växtepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking bergetbergetmountainberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of uppeänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fårsvingelfårsvingelsheep fescuefårsvingel · proper noun, nominativeclause modifying bergetochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsådanasuchsån · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies växtersmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies torratorradrytorr · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies växterkrydd-doftandespice-scentedkrydd-doftande · adjective, nominativemodifies växterväxterplantsväxt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with växtesomthatsom · pronounsubject of tyckaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
fårsheepfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tyckatyckato thinktycka · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on växteromlikeom · prepositiondepends on tycka- 38
But there was indeed more than sheep-pasture to look at for one who had made it up the steep slope.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
minsannindeedminsann · adverbmodifies fannsannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies fannsänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase annatfårbetesheep pasturefårbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of fannsatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fannspåatpå · prepositiondepends on seförforför · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of sesomwhosom · pronounsubject of kommenThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
välonceväl · adverbmodifies kommenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to kommenkommenmade itkomm · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on denuppförupuppför · prepositionpreposition marking brantenbrantenslopebrant · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommen First of all, the whole sea could be seen, which now lay blue and sunlit, rolling forward in glossy swells.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies syntessyntescould be seensyntes · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceförforför · prepositionpreposition marking havetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of havetförstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies havetsurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
helawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies havethavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of syntessomwhichsom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
nunownu · adverbmodifies låglåglowlåg · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on havetblåttblueblå · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsolbelystsunlitsolbelysa · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with blåttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrulladerolledrulla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågframforwardfram · adverbdepends on rulladeiini · prepositionpreposition marking dyningarblankagleamingblank · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dyningardyningarswellsdyning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of rulladeOnly here and there at a headland did it spray up in foam.
Barajustbara · adverbmodifies uddevidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking uddeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of uddeochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase enannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase enuddepointudde · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sprutadea headland/point of land.
sprutadesprayedspruta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sprutadeuppupupp · adverbdepends on sprutadeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking skumskumfoamskum · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sprutadeStraight to the east lay Gotland with its even, elongated coastline, and to the southwest, Great Karlsö, which was built in the same way as the little island.
Raktstraightrakt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of lågösteruteastwardösterut · adverbmodifies Raktlåglowlåg · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseGottlandGotlandGottland · proper noun, nominativedirect object of lågOlder spelling of Gotland.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking kustjämneven/smoothjämn · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kustochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlångsträcktelongatedlångsträck · adverbcoordinated with jämnkustcoastkust · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationitoi · prepositionpreposition marking Karlsönsydvästsouthwestsydväst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies KarlsönStorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies Karlsönweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
KarlsönKarlsönKarlsön · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with lågsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of passive byggdThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to byggdbyggdbuiltbygga · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on Karlsönpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of byggdsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of LillönLillönLittle KarlsöLillön · proper noun, nominativeclause modifying sättLiterally 'the little island', island name.
When the ram went all the way to the edge of the mountaintop, so that the boy could see down along the rock walls, he noticed that they were entirely full of birds' nests, and on the blue sea below him lay scoters and eiders and kittiwakes and guillemots and razorbills, so peaceful and pretty, busy fishing for herring.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gickgumsenthe ramgumsen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on märkteändaall the wayända · adverbmodifies gickframforwardfram · adverbmodifies gicktilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking kantenkantenedgekant · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickavofav · prepositionpreposition marking bergtaketbergtaketthe mountaintopbergtaek · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies kantensåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of seattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on märkteneråtdownwardneråt · adverbdepends on sebergväggarnathe rock wallsbergväggarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of semärktenoticedmärkte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fulladetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of vorovorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of fullaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
alldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies fullafullafullfull · adjective, nominative, pluralclausal complement of märkteavofav · prepositionpreposition marking fågelbonfågelbonbirds' nestsfågelbon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of fullaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationioni · prepositionpreposition marking havetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of havetblåablueblå · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies havethavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of vackertnedanförbelownedanför · prepositionpreposition marking svärtorhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardeterminer of svärtorlågolaylågo · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies svärtorArchaic plural past tense of ligga ("to lie"), not an adjective; the parser mistagged it.
svärtorscoterssvärta · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies havetochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationejdrareidersejdra · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with svärtorochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkryckjorkittiwakeskryckjor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with ejdrarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgrisslorguillemotsgrissla · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with svärtorochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtordmularrazorbillstordmula · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with havetsåsoså · adverbmodifies vackertvackertbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with märkteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfredligtpeacefulfredlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with vackertochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsyssladewas busysyssla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vackertmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking strömmingfiskeströmmingfiskeherring fishingströmmingfiske · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sysslade- 39
»This is truly a land of promise,»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of landhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase Detärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to landriktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies landettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of landförlovatpromisedförlova · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrase said the boy.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade»You sheep live in a very beautiful place.»
Niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of borsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
borlivesbo · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebraverybra · adverbmodifies vackertvackertbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of borniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fårsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
fårsheepfå · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to bor— »Yes, it's certainly beautiful here,»
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on vackertnogcertainlynog · adverbmodifies vackertärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to vackerthärherehär · adverbmodifies vackertvackertbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesaid the great ram.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencestorgumsenthe great ramstorgumse · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sadeIt was as if he had wanted to add something, but he said nothing, only sighed.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tilläggavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ,somas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of tilläggaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tilläggahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tilläggahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tilläggavelatwantedvela · verb, active, supineauxiliary of tilläggalemma should be vilja 'to want'; velat is its supine form.
tilläggato addtillägga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencenågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of tilläggamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tilläggaingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sadeutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
barajustbara · adverbmodifies suckadesuckadesighedsucka · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with sade»But if you go about here alone, you must be very careful of all the fissures that run across the mountain,»
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gårduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tahärherehär · adverbmodifies gårensamaloneensam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gårfårmustfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of taduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of tavälcarefullyväl · adverbmodifies taion guardi · prepositiondepends on taaktheedakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iUsed in the fixed phrase ge/ta akt på, 'to pay heed to / be careful of'.
förofför · prepositionpreposition marking sprickorallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of sprickorsprickorcracksspricka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of tasomthatsom · pronounsubject of löperThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
löperrunslöpa · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on sprickorframforwardfram · adverbdepends on löperöveracrossöver · prepositionpreposition marking bergetbergetmountainberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of framhe continued after a while.
fortsattecontinuedfortsatte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fortsatteomafterom · prepositionpreposition marking stundenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fortsatteAnd this was good advice, for there were deep and wide fissures in several places.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varningvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to varningenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of varninggodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies varningvarningwarningvarning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of fannsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativeadverbial clause on varningexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
djupadeepdjup · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of fannsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbredabroadbred · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sprickorsprickorcracksspricka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with djupapåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking ställenfleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ställenställenplacesställe · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies sprickorThe largest of them was called Hell's Hole.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of störstastörstabiggeststor · adjective, nominative, superlativesubject of hetteavofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies störstahettewas calledhette · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceHelveteshåletHell's HoleHelveteshålet · proper noun, nominativedirect object of hetteThat fissure was many fathoms deep and nearly a fathom wide.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sprickansprickancrackspricka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of famnarvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies famnarmångamanymången · pronoun, pluralsubject of famnarfamnarfathomsfamna · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencethe plural of the noun famn (fathom, a unit of length), tagged as a verb.
djupdeepdjup · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies famnarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärapånearlynärapå · adverbmodifies ochenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of famnfamnfathomfamn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with famnarbredbroadbred · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies famn»If anyone fell down here, it would be the end of him,»
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of föllenågonanyonenågon · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of fölleföllefellfölle · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on slutHistorical subjunctive past form of falla.
nerdownner · adverbdepends on föllehärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase nervorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to slutdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with slutalltsurelyallt · adverbmodifies slutslutoverslut · adjective, nominativedepends on »medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slutsaid the great ram.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencestorgumsenthe great ramstorgumse · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sadeThe boy thought it sounded as though he had some particular meaning behind what he said.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lätdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of lätlätsoundedlät · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of tycktesomas thoughsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of haftomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hafthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hafthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on lätenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of meningsärskildparticularsärskild · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies meningmeningmeaningmening · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haftmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vadvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of sadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on haft- 40
Then he led the boy down to the strand.
Sedanthensedan · adverbmodifies fördefördeledföra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceSecond example 'en smal stig, som förde inåt skogen' = 'a narrow path that led into the forest' — a path leading, not carrying — a distinct sense from the first example ('förde ju lycka med sig' = 'brought good luck').
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fördepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fördenerdownner · adverbmodifies fördepåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking strandbräddenstrandbräddenriverbankstrandbrädd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ner Now, close up, he got to see those giants that had frightened him the night before.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickgot to seefå · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of senunownu · adverbmodifies fickpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking hållnäraclose upnära · adjective, nominativemodifies hållhålldirectionhåll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of seseseese · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sedärtheredär · adverbmodifies sejättarnagiantsjättarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sesomthatsom · pronounsubject of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on jättarnaskrämtfrightenedskräm · verb, active, supinemodifies hadehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeförrapreviousförra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies nattennattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadeThey were nothing more than great rock pillars.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with annatvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to annatingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase varannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies klipp-pelareänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of klipp-pelarestorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies klipp-pelareklipp-pelarerock pillarsklipp-pelare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraseThe great ram called them »raukar».
Storgumsenthe great ramStorgumsen · proper noun, nominativesubject of kalladekalladecalledkalla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of kalladeförasför · prepositionmodifies raukarraukarsea stacksrauk · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraladverbial clause on kalladeA rauk is a freestanding limestone sea stack, especially characteristic of Gotland.
The boy could not get his fill of looking at them.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seintenotinte · particlemodifies seseseese · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of semättfullmätt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of se'äta sig mätt' = eat one's fill.
påatpå · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of seHe thought that if there had ever been trolls turned to stone, they ought to look just like this.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of funnitsomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of funnitsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with funnitsnågonsinevernågonsin · adverbmodifies funnitshadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of funnitsfunnitsexisted/been foundfunnits · verb, passive, supineclausal complement of tycktetrolltrolltroll · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of funnitssomthatsom · pronounsubject of förbyttaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förbyttablivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinepassive auxiliary of förbyttaförbyttaturnedförbytta · verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominativerelative clause on trolltillintotill · prepositionpreposition marking stenstenstonesten · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förbyttasålike thisså · adverbadverbial clause on sebordeought toböra · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seBare borde is simple past modal ("ought to"/"should"); the perfect sense ("ought to have") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth ("borde släppa taget") has no ha and translates as plain "ought to."
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on funnitsutlookut · adverbdepends on sepåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sättetsättetwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of se- 41
Even though it was beautiful down on the strip of beach, the boy still liked it better up on the mountain height.
Fastänalthoughfastän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vackertdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of vackertvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to vackertvackertbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on tyckteneredownnere · adverbmodifies vackertpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking strandremsanstrandremsanstrip of shorestrandremsa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of neretycktelikedtyckte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckteändåstilländå · adverbmodifies tycktebättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of tyckteomlikedom · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of tyckteuppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies tycktepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking bergshöjdenbergshöjdenmountain heightbergshöjd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tyckte It was gruesome down here, because everywhere they came upon dead sheep.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of härnerevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to härnerehemsktdreadfulhemskt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of härnerehärneredown herehärnere · adverbhead of the phrasedärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of råkadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därfördetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of råkadeöverallteverywhereöverallt · adverbmodifies råkaderåkadecame uponråka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on härnerepåuponpå · prepositionpreposition marking dödadödadeaddöd · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies råkadefårsheepfå · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on härnereIt was here that the foxes had held their meals.
Härherehär · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varsomthatsom · pronounsubject of hållitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
rävarnathe foxesrävarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hållithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållithålliteatenhålla · verb, active, supinedepends on varSurface "hållit" spans several idioms in this book: literal "held" (hållit trogen vakt = kept faithful watch), "hållit ut" (held out/endured), "hållit på" (had been -ing, continuous aspect), and "hållit sig" (stayed/remained). A single fixed gloss of "held" misrenders the hållit på / hållit sig examples.
sinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of måltidermåltidermealsmåltid · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hållitHe saw skeletons picked entirely clean, but also bodies that were only half-eaten, and others that they had barely tasted, leaving them lying untouched.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceheltentirelyhel · adverbmodifies sågused in the fixed phrase 'helt och hållet' (entirely, completely).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhålletentirelyhållen · adverbquantifies avätnasurface hållet; not a true adverb lemma but the idiom helt och hållet vs. the noun håll ('direction').
avätnapicked cleanavätna · nounmodifies skelettskelettskeletonsskelett · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with heltmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies kropparkropparbodieskroppa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of liggasomthatsom · pronounsubject of halvätnaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
barajustbara · adverbmodifies halvätnavorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on halvätnaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
halvätnahalf-eatenhalväten · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on kropparochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationandraothersannan · pronoun, pluralcoordinated with kropparsomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of smakatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of smakatknappthardlyknappt · adverbmodifies smakathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of smakatsmakattastedsmaka · verb, active, supinerelative clause on andrapåofpå · prepositiondepends on smakatutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
låtitletlåta · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of liggaliggato lieligga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sågorördauntouchedorörd · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of liggaIt was quite heartbreaking to see that the wild beasts had thrown themselves on the sheep purely for sport, just for the sake of hunting and tearing them to death.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with hjärtskärandevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to hjärtskäranderentpurelyren · adverbmodifies hjärtskärandehjärtskärandeheartbreakinghjärtskärande · adjective, nominativehead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitivedepends on hjärtskärandeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kastatvilddjurenwild beastsvilddjur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kastathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kastatkastatthrown themselveskasta · verb, active, supineclausal complement of sesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kastatöveronöver · prepositionpreposition marking fårenfårenthe sheepfår · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kastatbarajustbara · adverbmodifies kastatförforför · prepositiondepends on kastatropeacero · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase förskullsakeskull · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with kastatonly occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'.
barajustbara · adverbmodifies jagaförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of jagaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of jagainfinitive marker before a verb.
fåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of jagajagato huntjaga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kastatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrivatearriva · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with jagaihjälto deathihjäl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of jagaBackbone mistags this as a noun; ihjäl is the adverb particle meaning 'to death' (as in slå ihjäl, svälta ihjäl).
- 42
The great ram did not stop in front of the dead, but walked calmly past them.
Storgumsenthe great ramStorgumsen · proper noun, nominativesubject of stannadestannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies stannadeframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking dödadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of dödaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
dödadeaddöd · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stannadeutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
gickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stannadelugntcalmlylugnd · adverbmodifies gickförbipastförbi · prepositiondepends on gickdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of gick But the boy could not help seeing all the horror of it, all the same.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kundekundecouldkunna · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of undgåiall the samei · prepositionpreposition marking fallallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fallfallcasesfall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of undgåintenotinte · particlemodifies undgåundgåto avoidundgå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of undgåallallall · determiner, common gender, singulardepends on seohygglighetenthe horrorohygglighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of se- 43
Now the great ram went back up onto the mountain height, but when he got there, he stopped and said: »If someone able and clever were to see all the misery that reigns here, he surely would not rest until these foxes had gotten their punishment.»
Nunownu · adverbmodifies gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencestorgumsenthe big ramstorgumse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickåteragainåter · adverbmodifies gickuppupupp · adverbpart of the phrase återpåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking bergshöjdenbergshöjdenmountain heightbergshöjd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickdittheredit · adverbmodifies komstannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stannadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickOmifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fingenågonsomeonenågon · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of fingesomwhosom · pronounsubject of duktigThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
vorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to duktigduktigcapableduktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on någonochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationklokwiseklok · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with duktigfingemight get tofinge · verb, past, subjunctive, activeadverbial clause on seArchaic past subjunctive of få ("to get/be allowed").
seseese · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencealltallall · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of eländeeländemiseryelände · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sesomthatsom · pronounsubject of råderThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
råderreignsråda · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on eländehärherehär · adverbmodifies rådersåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on vilaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vilahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vilavälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies vilaintenotinte · particlemodifies vilavilarestvila · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on seförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies rävarnaused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
detheseen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of rävarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
härherehär · adverbpart of the phrase derävarnathe foxesräv · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of vilahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttfåttgottenfå · verb, active, supineparallel clause to sesitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of straffpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
straffpunishmentstraff · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fått — »The foxes have to live too, I suppose,»
Rävarnathe foxesRävarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of levamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of levavälsupposeväl · adverbmodifies levalevato liveleva · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldirect object of levaocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies levasaid the boy.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade— »Yes,»
Jayesja · interjectionhead of the phrasesaid the great ram, »those that don't tear apart more animals than they need for their keep may well live.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencestorgumsenthe great ramstorgumse · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of levasomwhosom · pronounsubject of riverThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies riverrivertear apartriva · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on deihjälto deathihjäl · verb, active, supineindirect object of riverfleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies djurdjuranimalsdjur · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of ihjälänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of behöverdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of behöverbehöverneedsbehöva · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on deförforför · prepositionpreposition marking uppehällesitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of uppehällepossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
uppehällesustenanceuppehälle · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of behöverdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of levamåmaymå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of levavälwellväl · adverbmodifies levalevato liveleva · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to sadeBut these here are evildoers.»
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of illgärningsmänhärherehär · adverbmodifies deärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to illgärningsmänillgärningsmänevildoersillgärningsmän · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrase— »The farmers who own the island ought surely to be able to come here and help you,»
Böndernathe farmersBönderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kommasomwhosom · pronounsubject of ägerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ägerownsäga · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on Böndernaönthe islandön · proper noun, nominativedirect object of ägerSame common noun (definite form of ö, island), mistagged here as a proper noun.
bordeought toböra · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommaBare borde is simple past modal ("ought to"/"should"); the perfect sense ("ought to have") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth ("borde släppa taget") has no ha and translates as plain "ought to."
välsurelyväl · adverbmodifies kommakunnato be able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencehitherehit · adverbdepends on kommaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kommaeryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hjälpathe boy suggested.
menademeant/thoughtmena · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of menade— »They have rowed over here several times,»
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencerottrowedrott · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of harhitöverover herehitöver · adverbpreposition marking gångerfleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of haranswered the ram, »but the foxes hid themselves away in caves and fissures, so that they couldn't get a shot at them.»
svaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegumsenthe ramgumsen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of svarademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrävarnathe foxesräv · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with »gömdehidgömde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with svaradesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of gömdeundanawayundan · adverbmodifies gömdeiini · prepositionpreposition marking grottorgrottorcavesgrotta · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gömdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsprickorcracksspricka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with grottorsåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of komattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sådetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of komintenotinte · particlemodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gömdeåtgetåt · adverbdepends on komMostly the adverb åt with the senses listed, but example ch02-p31-s1 ('Hela tiden, som pojken åt...') is not this adverb at all — it is åt as the past tense of äta ('ate'). The gloss's senses list must cover this example or a downstream consumer will render 'ate' as a directional adverb.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of skjutainfinitive marker before a verb.
skjutashootskjuta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on komdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of skjuta— »Surely you can't mean, father, that a poor little wretch like me should be able to master creatures that neither you nor the farmers have been able to get the better of.»
Niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive menasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
kancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of menavälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies menaaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies menamenameanme · verb, passive, infinitivemain verb of the sentencefarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with menaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stackareenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stackarelitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stackarestackarewretchstackare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on menasomlikesom · pronoundirect object of råThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of råråmasterrå · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on stackarepåoverpowerpå · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of råsomthatsom · pronounsubject of fåThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies fåniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies fåböndernathe farmersbönderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fåharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåkunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of fåfågetfå · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on dembuktthe better ofbukt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking få— »One who is small and clever can still set many things right,»
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of ställasomwhosom · pronounsubject of litenThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to litenlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on Denochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationklipskcleverklipsk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with litenkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of ställaalltstillallt · adverbmodifies ställaställato setställa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tingtingthingsting · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of ställatillrighttill · prepositiondepends on ställarättarighträtta · noun, common genderpart of the phrase tillThe gloss 'order' doesn't fit any of the four examples, which are three distinct idioms built on the noun 'rätta' (the right/correct state), not a standalone noun meaning 'order'.
said the great ram.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencestorgumsenthe great ramstorgumse · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sade- 44
They spoke no more of this, but the boy went and sat down with the wild geese, who were grazing up on the high plateau.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of taladetaladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies talademermoremycket · adverbmodifies taladeomofom · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of taladeutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on taladeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickpast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sattehoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of satteattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of betadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
betadegrazedbeta · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on vildgässenuppeup highuppe · adverbdepends on betadepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking högslättenhögslättenhigh plateauhögslätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of betade Although he had not wanted to show it to the ram, he was very grieved for the sheep's sake, and he would gladly have wanted to help them.
Fastänalthoughfastän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of velathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of velatintenotinte · particlemodifies velathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of velatvelatwantedvela · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on bedrövadlemma should be vilja 'to want'; velat is its supine form.
visato showvisa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of velatdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of visaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking gumsengumsenthe ramgumse · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of visavarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to bedrövadhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bedrövadmycketverymycket · adverbmodifies bedrövadbedrövaddistressedbedrövad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseförforför · prepositionpreposition marking fårensfårensthe sheep'sfår · noun, genitive, common gender, singularoblique complement of bedrövadskullsakeskull · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on fårensonly occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of velathadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of velatgärnagladlygärna · adverbmodifies velatType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
velatwantedvela · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with bedrövadMistagged as an adjective; surface 'velat' is the supine of vilja (to want).
hjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of velatdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of hjälpa»At least I can speak to Akka and Morten Goosey-Gander about the matter,»
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talafårcanfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of talaåtminstoneat leaståtminstone · adverbmodifies talatalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencevidwithvid · prepositionpreposition marking AkkaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of talaproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationMårtenMortenMårten · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Akkathe studio translation renders this name as 'Morten'.
gåskarlgandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies talaomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking sakensakenthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talahe thought.
tänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkte»Perhaps they can help me with a good piece of advice.»
Kanskeperhapskanske · adverbintroduces the clause of biståattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase Kanskedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of biståkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of biståbiståto helpbistå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of biståmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking rådettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of rådgottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies rådrådadviceråd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of bistå- 45
A little while later the white gander took the boy on his back and walked out over the mountain plateau toward Hell's Hole.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of togefteråtafterwardefteråt · adverbmodifies togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåskarlenvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gåskarlengåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies pojkenmorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of togpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking ryggenryggenbackrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of togochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with togöveroveröver · prepositionmodifies gickbergslättenmountain plateaubergslätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gickbortåttowardbortåt · adverbpreposition marking HelveteshåletHelveteshåletHell's HoleHelveteshålet · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gicktilltowardtill · prepositiondepends on gick - 46
He wandered carefree over the open mountaintop and did not seem to think about how white and large he was.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vandradevandradewanderedvandra · verb, past, indicative, activesubject of sorglöstsorglöstcarefreesorglös · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasepåoverpå · prepositionpreposition marking bergtaketdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of bergtaketöppnaopenöppen · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies bergtaketbergtaketthe mountaintopbergtak · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sorglöstochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtycktesseemedtycktes · verb, past, indicativecoordinated with sorglöstintenotinte · particlemodifies tänkatänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tycktespåaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking tyckteshurhowhur · adverbmodifies vitvitwhitevit · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hanochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with vithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tycktes He sought no shelter behind tussocks or other rises, but walked straight ahead.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of söktesöktesoughtsöka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies sökteskyddshelterskydd · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of söktebakombehindbakom · prepositionpreposition marking tuvortuvortussockstuva · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sökteelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies upphöjningarupphöjningarrisesupphöjning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with tuvorutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
gickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sökterättstraighträtt · adverbmodifies gickframåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies gickIt was strange that he was not more careful, for he seemed to have suffered badly in yesterday's storm.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with besynnerligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to besynnerligtbesynnerligtstrangebesynnerlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of försiktighanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försiktigintenotinte · particlemodifies försiktigvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to försiktigmermoremycket · adverbmodifies försiktigförsiktigcarefulförsiktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on besynnerligtförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of farithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of farittycktesseemed totycktes · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of farithahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of faritfarittraveledfara · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on besynnerligtillabadlyilla · adverbmodifies faritunderinunder · prepositionpreposition marking gårdagsstormengårdagsstormenyesterday's stormgårdagsstorm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of illaHe limped on his right leg, and his left wing hung and dragged, as though it might be broken.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haltadehaltadelimpedhalta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking benethögrarighthögra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies benetbenetlegben · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of haltadeben can mean either 'leg' or 'bone' depending on context.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vingenvänstraleftvänster · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies vingenvingenwingving · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hängdehängdehunghängde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with haltadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsläpadedraggedsläpad · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hängdesomas thoughsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of brutenomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of brutendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of brutenskullemightskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of brutenvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to brutenbrutenbrokenbrut · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on hängdepredicate adjective use of the past participle of bryta, tagged as a noun type.
- 47
He behaved as though there were no danger at all, nipping a blade of grass here and another there, without looking around in any direction.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of uppfördeuppfördebehaveduppföra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of uppfördesåasså · adverbmodifies uppfördesomas thoughsom · pronounsubject of finnasThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
skullewereskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of finnasingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of farafaradangerfara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of finnassome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
finnasto existfinnas · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on uppfördenappadesnatchednappa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with finnasettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of grässtrågrässtråblade of grassgrässtrå · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of nappadehärherehär · adverbmodifies grässtråochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of annatannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with nappadedärtheredär · adverbmodifies annatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with finnaspast tense of se, 'to see.'
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sågintenotinte · particlemodifies sågomaroundom · prepositiondepends on sågåtinåt · prepositiondepends on sågnågotanynågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of hållhålldirectionhåll · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of såg The boy lay stretched out on the goose's back, looking up at the blue sky.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceutsträcktstretched oututsträcka · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies lågpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking gåsryggengåsryggengoose's backgåsrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtittadelookedtitta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with låguppupupp · adverbdepends on tittademotatmot · prepositionpreposition marking himlendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of himlenblåablueblå · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies himlenhimlenskyhiml · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tittadeHe was by now so used to riding that he could both stand and lie down on the goose's back.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vanvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to vannunownu · adverbmodifies såsåsoså · adverbmodifies vanvanused tovan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ridainfinitive marker before a verb.
ridato riderida · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on vanattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kundehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kundekundecouldkunna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on vanbådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationståstandstå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kundeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationliggato lieligga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kundepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking gåsryggengåsryggengoose's backgåsrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ligga- 48
As the gander and the boy were so carefree, they did not, of course, notice that the three foxes had come up onto the mountain plateau.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vorogåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of voromorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with gåskarlenvorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, singularhead of the phrasePast plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective.
såsoså · adverbmodifies sorglösasorglösacarefreesorglös · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with voromärktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vorodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of märkteförståsof courseförstås · adverbmodifies märkteintenotinte · particlemodifies märkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vorodetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of rävarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
trethreetre · numeral, nominativequantifies rävarnarävarnathe foxesräv · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vorovorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on märktearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
uppkomnacome upuppkomn · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of voropåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking bergslättenbergslättenmountain plateaubergslätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uppkomna And the foxes, who knew that it is nearly impossible to get close to a goose on open ground, did not at first intend to hunt the gander at all.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrävarnathe foxesräv · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasesomwhosom · pronounsubject of vissteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
vissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on rävarnaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of omöjligtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with omöjligtärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to omöjligtnästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies omöjligtomöjligtimpossibleomöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of vissteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivedepends on omöjligtenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåsgåsgoosegås · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kommainpåright up oninpå · prepositionpreposition marking livetlivetcloseliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking marköppenopenöppen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies markmarkgroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies livettänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to rävarnaiat firsti · prepositionpreposition marking börjanbörjanbeginningbörjan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tänkteintenotinte · particlemodifies jagaallsat allalls · adverbmodifies jagajagato huntjaga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tänkteefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking gåskarlengåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of jagamorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
But as they had nothing else to do, they finally went down into one of the long crevices anyway and tried to creep up on him.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsomassom · pronounsubject of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadeintenotinte · particlemodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenågotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of annatannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göradogöra · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying annatgingowentgingo · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with göraPast plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gingoändåanywayändå · adverbmodifies göratillfinallytill · prepositionmodifies hadesistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase tillnerdownner · adverbpart of the phrase tilliintoi · prepositionpreposition marking eneniten · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking springornadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of springornaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
långalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies springornaspringornathe fissuresspringorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies enochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförsöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of smygainfinitive marker before a verb.
smygato sneaksmyga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försökteframforwardfram · adverbdepends on smygamotonmot · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of framThey went about it so carefully that the gander could not catch a glimpse of them.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of gingoSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
gingowentgingo · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of försiktigtPast plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective.
såsoså · adverbmodifies försiktigtförsiktigtcarefullyförsiktig · adverbhead of the phrasetillabouttill · prepositionintroduces the clause of vägavägago aboutväga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on försiktigtattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of segåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of semorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
intenotinte · particlemodifies sekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitivedepends on försiktigtenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skymtskymtglimpseskymt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of seavofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies skymt- 49
They were not far off when the gander made an attempt to rise into the air.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of voroSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
intenotinte · particlemodifies långtlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies bortabortafar offborta · adverbmodifies voronärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gjordegåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on voroettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of försökförsökattemptförsök · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gjordeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of höjainfinitive marker before a verb.
höjato raisehöja · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying försöksighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of höjaiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of höja He beat out with his wings, but he did not manage to lift off.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slogslogbeatslå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
utoutut · adverbdepends on slogmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vingarnavingarnathe wingsvingarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sloglemma should be vinge 'wing'.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lyckadeslyckadessucceededlycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with slogImpersonal 'det lyckades honom' = 'he succeeded'; lemma should be 'lyckas'.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lyckadesintenotinte · particlemodifies lyckadesatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of lyftainfinitive marker before a verb.
lyftato liftlyfta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of lyckadesWhen the foxes, seeing this, felt they understood that he could not fly, they hurried forward with greater eagerness than before.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tyckterävarnathe foxesrävarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of tycktehäravfrom thishärav · adverbmodifies tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on skyndadesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tyckteförståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of flygahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flygaintenotinte · particlemodifies flygakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flygaflygaflyflyga · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of tyckteskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of skyndadesurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
framåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies skyndademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking iverstörrebiggerstor · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies iverivereagernessiv · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of skyndadeänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förutförutbeforeförut · adverbclause modifying iverThey no longer kept themselves hidden in the ravine, but went up onto the high plateau.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of höllohöllokepthöllo · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of höllointenotinte · particlemodifies doldalängrelongerlänge · adverbmodifies doldadoldahiddendölja · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of hölloiini · prepositionpreposition marking klyftanklyftangorgeklyfta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hölloutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
gingowentgingo · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with hölloPast plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective.
uppupupp · adverbmodifies gingopåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking högslättenhögslättenhigh plateauhögslätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gingoThey sheltered themselves as best they could behind tussocks and slabs of rock, and came ever closer to the gander, without his seeming to notice that he was being hunted.
Detheyen · determiner, pluralsubject of skyddadeSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
skyddadeshelteredskydda · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of skyddadesåasså · adverbmodifies kundegottbestgod · adverbpart of the phrase sådetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kundekundecouldkunna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on skyddadebakombehindbakom · prepositionpreposition marking tuvortuvortussockstuva · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kundeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhällarrock slabshäll · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with tuvorochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kundekommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
gåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of kommomorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
allteverallt · adverbmodifies närmarenärmareclosernära · adverbmodifies kommoType lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära.
utanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of märkaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tyckteshanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktestycktesseemedtycktes · verb, past, indicativeadverbial clause on märkamärkato noticemärka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skyddadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of jagadhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of jagadvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to jagadjagadbeing huntedjagada · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of märkaAt last the foxes were so close that they could take a run-up for the final leap.
Tillat lasttill · prepositionpreposition marking rävarnasistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase Tillvorowerevoro · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies rävarnaArchaic plural past tense of vara ("to be").
rävarnathe foxesräv · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasesåsoså · adverbmodifies näranäranearnära · adverbmodifies rävarnaType lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of takundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying rävarnasatsrun-upsats · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tatillfortill · prepositionpreposition marking språngetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of språngetsistalastsista · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies språngetsprångetthe leapsprånge · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of taAll three flung themselves at once with a long leap at the gander.
Allaallall · determiner, pluralhead of the phrasetrethreetre · numeral, nominativequantifies kastadekastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Allasigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kastadepåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking gångenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kastademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hoppettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of hopplångtlonglångt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hoppBoth examples ('for fram ett långt stycke' = 'sped along a long stretch', 'tog ett långt hopp' = 'took a long leap') mean 'long' (length), not 'far' (distance).
hoppleaphopp · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies gångTwo distinct homonyms share the spelling hopp: 'leap' and 'hope.'
motatmot · prepositionpreposition marking gåskarlengåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gång- 50
At the last moment he must have noticed something after all, for he sprang aside, so that the foxes missed him.
Iati · prepositionpreposition marking stundsistalastsista · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of märktmåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of märktdennehedenna · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märktändåafter alländå · adverbmodifies märkthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of märktmärktnoticedmärka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencenågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies märktförforför · prepositionpreposition marking hanhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sprangsprangransprangma · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on någotLemma is corrupted; surfaces are only "sprang" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma.
undanasideundan · adverbmodifies sprangsåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of förfeladeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förfeladerävarnathe foxesräv · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of förfeladeförfelademissedförfela · adjective, nominative, singularadverbial clause on märkthonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of förfelade This did not mean a great deal, however, for the gander had only a couple of fathoms' lead, and on top of that he was limping.
Dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of betyddebetyddemeantbetyda · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceihoweveri · prepositionpreposition marking fallallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fallfallcasesfall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of betyddeintenotinte · particlemodifies mycketsåthat muchså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketa great dealmycket · adverbmodifies betyddeförforför · prepositionpreposition marking gåskarlengåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to mycketbarajustbara · adverbmodifies hadeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies famnarsfamnarsfathoms'famnars · adjective, genitive, pluralmodifies försprångförsprånghead startförsprång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärtillbesidesdärtill · adverbmodifies haltadehaltadelimpedhalta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with betyddehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haltadeThe poor fellow ran off all the same, as fast as he could manage.
Stackarenwretchstackare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of löptelöpteranlöpa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceiall the samei · prepositionpreposition marking fallallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fallfallcasesfall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of löpteåstadoffåstad · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with löptesåasså · adverbintroduces the clause of förmåddefortfastfort · adverbpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förmåddeförmåddecould manageförmåd · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on löpteFrom förmå, 'to be able to'; here in 'allt vad han förmådde' = 'as fast as he could manage'.
- 51
The boy sat backwards on the goose's back and called and shouted at the foxes: »You've eaten yourselves too fat on mutton, foxes.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebaklängesbackwardsbaklänge · verb, passive, infinitivedepends on sattFunctions as an adverb, not a verb.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking gåsryggengåsryggengoose's backgåsrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskrekshriekedskrek · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ropadeåtatåt · prepositionpreposition marking rävarnarävarnathe foxesräv · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of ropadeNiyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ätitsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of ätitätiteatenäta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceeryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of ätitförtooför · prepositionmodifies fetafetafatfet · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of ätitAlso 'rich' when describing fields.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking fårköttfårköttmuttonfårkött · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ätiträvarfoxesrävar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with fårköttPlural 'foxes' (from 'räv'), mistagged here as neuter singular.
You can't even catch up to a goose.»
Niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hinnasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
kancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hinnaintenotinte · particlemodifies hinnahinnato have time tohinna · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceoppupoppa · verb, present, indicative, activecomplement of hinnaDialectal form of upp ("up"), a particle, not a finite verb; the parser mistagged it.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggåsgoosegås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase enenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångevengång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of oppHe taunted them so that they grew mad with rage and thought of nothing but rushing forward.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive retadesretadestauntedreta · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of retadessåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of galnaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sådetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of galnablevobecameblevo · adverbmodifies galnaArchaic plural past tense of bli ("to become"), not an adverb; the parser mistagged it.
galnamadgaln · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on retadesavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking ilskailskaangerilska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on galnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbarajustbara · adverbmodifies tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ilskapåaboutpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of rusaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of rusainfinitive marker before a verb.
rusarushrusa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tänkteframåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies rusa- 52
The white one ran straight toward the great crevice.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vitevitewhite onevite · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of sprangsprangransprangma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLemma is corrupted; surfaces are only "sprang" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma.
rättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sprangemottowardemot · prepositionpreposition marking klyftandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of klyftanstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies klyftanweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
klyftangorgeklyfta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sprang When he reached it, he gave a beat of his wings so that he got across.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gjordeframforwardfram · adverbdepends on komtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of komgjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of slagslagbeatslag · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gjordemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vingarnavingarnathe wingsvingarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gjordelemma should be vinge 'wing'.
såsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of komattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gjordeöveroveröver · adverbdepends on komThe foxes were, just then, right upon him.
Rävarnathe foxesRävarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vorovorowerevoro · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejustjustjust · adverbmodifies dådåthendå · adverbmodifies voroalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies honominpåright up oninpå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of då- 53
The gander hurried on at the same pace as before, even after he had gotten across Hell's Hole.
Gåskarlenthe ganderGåskarlen · proper noun, nominativesubject of skyndadeskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceframåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies skyndademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hastsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of hasthasthurryhast · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skyndade'i en hast' = 'on the spot/in a hurry'.
somassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förutförutbeforeförut · adverbclause modifying hastocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies kommitsedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinecoordinated with skyndadeöveracrossöver · prepositionpreposition marking HelveteshåletHelveteshåletHell's HoleHelveteshålet · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommit But he had scarcely run a couple of meters before the boy patted him on the neck and said: »Now you can stop, gander.»
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationknappasthardlyknappast · adverbmodifies sprungithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sprungithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sprungitsprungitrunsprun · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceLemma is truncated; the word is 'springa' (to run).
ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies metermetermetersmeter · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sprungitförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies klappadeused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of klappadeklappadepattedklappa · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on meterhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of klappadepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking halsenhalsenneckhalse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of klappadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with klappadeNunownu · adverbmodifies stannakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of stannaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stannastannastaystanna · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencegåskarlgandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stanna- 54
At that same moment they heard behind them some wild howls and a scraping of claws and heavy falls.
Iati · prepositionpreposition marking detsammadetsammathat same momentdetsamma · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hördebakombehindbakom · prepositionmodifies hördesigthemsig · pronoun, accusativepart of the phrase bakomnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of tjutvildawildvild · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tjuttjuthowlstjut · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of hördeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of skrapandeskrapandescrapingskrapande · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with tjutmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking klorklorclawskla · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies skrapandeModern headword is 'klo'; lemma appears truncated as 'kla'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtungaheavytung · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fallfallcasesfall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with klor But of the foxes they saw nothing more.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationavofav · prepositionpreposition marking rävarnarävarnathe foxesräv · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sågosågosawsågo · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw).
detheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sågosurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
ingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies sågomermoremycket · adverbmodifies sågo- 55
The next morning the lighthouse keeper on Great Karlsö found a piece of bark wedged under his front door, and on it was carved, in slanting, angular letters: »The foxes on Little Karlsö have fallen into Hell's Hole.
Nästanextnästa · adjective, nominativemodifies morgonmorgonmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fannfannfoundfann · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencefyrvaktarenthe lighthouse keeperfyrvaktar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking KarlsönStorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies Karlsönweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
KarlsönKarlsönKarlsön · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of fannenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bitbitpiecebit · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies barkbarkbarkbark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of instuckeninstuckenwedgedinstuck · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralparallel clause to fannunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking förstudörrenförstudörrenfront doorförstudörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of instuckenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdäriin itdäri · adverbmodifies stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activesubject of inristatinristatcarvedinristat · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with fannmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking bokstäversnedaslantingsned · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bokstäverkantigaangularkantig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bokstäverbokstäverlettersbokstäv · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of inristatRävarnathe foxesRävarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of nerfallnapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking LillönLillönLittle KarlsöLillön · proper noun, nominativemodifies RävarnaLiterally 'the little island', island name.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to nerfallnanerfallnafallennerfallna · verb, imperative, activeparallel clause to fanniintoi · prepositionpreposition marking HelveteshåletHelveteshåletHell's HoleHelveteshålet · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of nerfallna Take care of them!»
Tagtaketa · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencevarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivedepends on Tagpåofpå · prepositiondepends on Tagdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of Tag- 56
And that the lighthouse keeper did.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencefyrvaktarenthe lighthouse keeperfyrvaktare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordeocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies gjorde
The particulars
- The text
- Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige, Selma Lagerlöf. The Wonderful Adventures of Nils.
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- Public-domain Swedish (Lagerlöf, d. 1940; published 1906–07). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
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