Swedish · The Wonderful Adventures of Nils
Två städer
Two Cities
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- 1
It turned into a calm, clear night.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lugnlugncalmlugn · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies nattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationklarclearklar · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with lugnnattnightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blev The wild geese did not bother to seek shelter in any of the caves, but stood and slept up on the hilltop, and the boy had lain down in the short, dry grass beside the geese.
Vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässen · proper noun, nominativesubject of bryddebryddecaredbrydde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceOccurs mainly in the reflexive idiom 'brydde sig om' meaning 'cared about/bothered'.
sigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bryddeintenotinte · particlemodifies bryddeomtoom · prepositionintroduces the clause of sökaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sökainfinitive marker before a verb.
sökasearchsöka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on bryddeskyddshelterskydd · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sökaiini · prepositionpreposition marking någonnågonanynågon · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of sökaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking grottornagrottornathe cavesgrottore · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies någonutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
stodostoodstodo · noun, common gendercoordinated with bryddeStodo is the historical plural past form of stå, ‘to stand’.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsovosleptsovo · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with stodoArchaic plural past tense of sova (they slept), not a noun.
uppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies stodopåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking bergshöjdenbergshöjdenmountain heightbergshöjd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lagthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lagtlagtlaidlägga · verb, active, supinecoordinated with bryddesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of lagtiini · prepositionpreposition marking gräsetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of gräsetkortashortkort · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gräsettorradrytorr · adjective, nominative, singularcoordinated with kortagräsetgrassgräs · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of lagtbredvidbesidebredvid · prepositionpreposition marking gässengässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gräsetgässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
- 2
There was strong moonlight that night, so strong that the boy found it hard to fall asleep.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with månskenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to starktstarktstrongstark · adverbmodifies månskenAdverbial form 'starkt' modifying nouns like a predicate adjective in these examples, sense shifts between 'loud' and 'strong/solid'.
månskenmoonlightmånsken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasedeniten · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of månskendärtheredär · adverbmodifies månskennattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of månskensåsoså · adverbmodifies starktstarktstrongstark · adverbmodifies månskenAdverbial form 'starkt' modifying nouns like a predicate adjective in these examples, sense shifts between 'loud' and 'strong/solid'.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on månskensvårtdifficultsvår · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of somnaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of somnainfinitive marker before a verb.
somnato fall asleepsomna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hade He lay thinking about how long he had been away from home, and he worked out that it was three weeks since he had begun the journey.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågpåaboutpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of varithurhowhur · adverbmodifies längelängelonglänge · adverbmodifies varithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on tänktehemifrånfrom homehemifrån · adverbmodifies varitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räknaderäknadecountedräkna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågutoutut · adverbdepends on räknadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of veckordetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of veckorvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to veckortrethreetre · numeral, nominativequantifies veckorveckorweeksvecka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraladverbial clause on räknadesedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of börjatbörjatbegunbörja · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on räknaderesanjourneyresa · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of börjatAt the same time he remembered that this evening was Easter Eve.
Påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking gångsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of gånggångtimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komihågto mind (remember)ihåg · adverbdepends on komonly occurs in the fixed phrase komma ihåg 'to remember'.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of påskaftondetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with påskaftonvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to påskaftonpåskaftonEaster Evepåskafton · noun, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on komdennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kvällkvälleveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of påskafton- 3
“Tonight is the night all the witches come home from Blåkulla,” he thought, and laughed to himself.
Itonighti · prepositionhead of the phrasenattnightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase Iärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to Idetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of Isomwhensom · pronounsubject of kommerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
allaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of trollkäringartrollkäringarwitchestrollkäring · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on Ihemhomehem · adverbmodifies kommerfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking BlåkullaBlåkullaBlåkullaBlåkulla · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of kommertänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Ihanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskrattadelaughedskratta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tänkteförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of skrattadesjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sig For he was a little afraid of both the näck and the tomte, but he did not believe in witches in the least.
Förforför · prepositionpreposition marking hanhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of räddvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to räddliteta littlelitet · adverbmodifies räddräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasebådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförofför · prepositionpreposition marking näckennäckenthe water spiritnäck · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of räddThe näck is a male water spirit in Scandinavian folklore.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtomtentomte (gnome)tomt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with näckenfalse friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtrollkäringarwitchestrollkäring · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of troddetroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with räddhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of troddeintenotinte · particlemodifies troddedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of minstaminstaleastliten · adjective, nominative, superlativedirect object of troddepåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking trodde- 4
If there had been witches out that evening, he would surely have seen them.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of funnitsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with funnitshadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of funnitsfunnitsexistedfunnits · verb, supinemain verb of the sentencetrollpackorwitchestrollpacka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcomplement of funnitsuteoutsideute · adverbmodifies trollpackordenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kvällenkvälleneveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of funnitssåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on settbordeought toböra · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settBare borde is simple past modal ("ought to"/"should"); the perfect sense ("ought to have") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth ("borde släppa taget") has no ha and translates as plain "ought to."
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settdåthendå · adverbmodifies setthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on funnitsdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of sett It was so brightly clear up toward the sky that not the smallest black speck could move through the air without his noticing it.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ljustvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ljustsåsoså · adverbmodifies ljustklartbrightlyklar · adverbmodifies ljustljustlightljust · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies uppåtDescribes daylight/brightness, e.g. "det var ljust" = "it was light out."
uppåtupwarduppåt · adverbmodifies rörahimlenskyhiml · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of uppåtattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of röraintenotinte · particlemodifies röradenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of punktminstasmallestliten · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies punktsvartablacksvart · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies punktpunktspeckpunkt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rörakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of röraröramoveröra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of röraithroughi · prepositionpreposition marking luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rörautanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of märkaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of märkahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märkaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of märkamärkato noticemärka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on röradenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of märka- 5
While he lay there with his nose in the air, thinking about this, he caught sight of something beautiful.
Medanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of låghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fickdärtheredär · adverbmodifies lågmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking näsannäsannosenäsa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågiini · prepositionpreposition marking vädretvädretthe airvädre · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågpåaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of tänktefickcaught sightfå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ficksynsightsyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking vackertnågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies vackertvackertbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of fick The disc of the moon stood whole and round, fairly high up, and in front of it a large bird came flying.
Månskivanthe moon's discMånskivan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehelwholehel · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrundroundrund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with heltämligenfairlytämligen · adverbmodifies högthögthighhög · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies stoduppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fågelstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fågelfågelbirdfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komflygandeflyingflyga · adjective, nominativecomplement of komHe did not fly past the moon, but came in such a way that it looked as if he had flown right out of it.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flögflögflewflög · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies flögförbipastförbi · adverbdepends on flögmånenmoonmåne · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of flögutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on flögsåin such a wayså · adverbmodifies komsomas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of flugitomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of flugithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flugitskullehadskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flugithahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of flugitflugitflownfluga · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on komutoutut · adverbdepends on flugiturout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of flugitThe bird showed black against the bright background, and its wings stretched from one edge of the moon's disc to the other.
Fågelnbirdfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of syntessyntesshowedsyntes · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentencesvartblacksvar · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of syntesThe lemma should be svart ("black"); the parser mistagged the surface "svart" under the noun svar ("answer").
motagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking grundendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of grundenljusabrightljus · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies grundengrundenbackgroundgrund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of syntesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvingarnathe wingsvingarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sträcktelemma should be vinge 'wing'.
sträcktestretchedsträcka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with syntessigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sträcktefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking kantendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kantenenaoneena · adjective, nominativemodifies kantenkantenedgekant · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sträckteavofav · prepositionpreposition marking månskivanmånskivanmoon's discmånskivan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kantentilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking andradenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andraandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularoblique complement of sträckteHe flew so steadily onward in the same direction that the boy thought he looked drawn onto the moon's disc.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flögflögflewflög · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceActually the past tense of flyga ('to fly'), mistagged here as present.
såsoså · adverbmodifies jämntjämntsteadilyjämn · adverbmodifies flögframforwardfram · adverbdepends on flögiini · prepositionpreposition marking riktningsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of riktningriktningdirectionriktning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of framattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tycktepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on flögattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ritadhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ritadvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ritadritaddrawnrita · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of tycktepåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking månskivanmånskivanmoon's discmånskivan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ritadThe body was small, the neck long and slender, the legs hung down, long and thin.
Kroppenbodykropp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of litenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to litenlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasehalsenneckhalse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of litenlånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying halsenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmalnarrowsmal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with långbenenlegsben · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of hängdehängdehunghänga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with litennerdownner · adverbdepends on hängdelångalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hängdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtunnathintunn · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with hängdeIt could be nothing other than a stork.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with annatkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of annatintenotinte · particlemodifies annatvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to annatannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies storkänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase annatenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of storkstorkstorkstork · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrase- 6
A couple of moments later, Sir Ermenrich the stork landed beside him.
Ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ögonblickögonblickmomentsögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of slogdärefterafterwarddärefter · adverbmodifies slogsloglandedslå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
herrSirherr · proper noun, nominativesubject of slogErmenrichErmenrichErmenrich · proper noun, nominativedepends on herrstorkenstorkstork · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Ermenrichnerdownner · adverbmodifies Ermenrichbredvidbesidebredvid · prepositiondepends on nerhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of ner He bent over the boy and nudged him with his beak to wake him up.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of böjdeböjdebentböja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of böjdeöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of böjdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstöttestruckstötte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with böjdetilllightlytill · prepositiondepends on stöttehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of stöttemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking näbbennäbbenbeaknäbb · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stötteförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of fåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fåmakefå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stöttehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of fåvakenawakevak · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåAll four examples in this chunk use "vaken" as the adjective (awake), not the noun "vak" (ice-hole); the primary gloss should be "awake" here, though the ice-hole noun sense also occurs elsewhere in the book under this same conflated surface.
- 7
The boy sat up at once.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattesattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sattegenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies satteuppupupp · adverbdepends on satte “I'm not asleep, Sir Ermenrich,” he said.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of soversoversleepssova · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies soverherrSirherr · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with soverErmenrichErmenrichErmenrich · proper noun, nominativedepends on herrsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to soverhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade“How is it that you're out in the middle of the night, and how are things at Glimmingehus?
Hurhowhur · adverbmodifies kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of kommersigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kommerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ärniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
ärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kommeruteoutsideute · adverbmodifies ärmittin the middlemitt · adverbmodifies äriini · prepositionpreposition marking nattennattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ärochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhurhowhur · adverbmodifies stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with kommerdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with stårtillthingstill · prepositiondepends on stårpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking GlimmingehusGlimmingehusGlimmingehusGlimmingehus · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of stårDo you want to talk to Mother Akka?”
Villdo you wantVill · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of talaniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
talato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking mormormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of talaproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
- 8
“It's too bright to sleep tonight,” answered Sir Ermenrich.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with ljustärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to ljustförtooför · prepositionmodifies ljustljustbrightljust · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sovainfinitive marker before a verb.
sovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitivedepends on ljustitonighti · prepositiondepends on sovanattnightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase isvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ljustherrSirherr · proper noun, nominativesubject of svaradeErmenrichErmenrichErmenrich · proper noun, nominativedepends on herr “So I took it upon myself to travel over here to Karlsön and look you up, my friend Thumbietot.
Därförsodärför · adverbmodifies företogföretogtook upon myselfföreta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of företogmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of företogatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of resainfinitive marker before a verb.
resato travelresa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of företoghitöverover herehitöver · adverbmodifies resatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking KarlsönKarlsönKarlsönKarlsön · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of resaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsökasearchsöka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with resauppupupp · adverbdepends on sökadigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sökaminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of vänpossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
vänfriendvän · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies TummetottTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativeparallel clause to företogthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
I learned from a seagull that you were here tonight.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetaficklearnedfå · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vetavetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking fiskmåsenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fiskmåsfiskmåsseagullfiskmås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vetaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fannsduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativeclausal complement of vetaexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
härherehär · adverbdepends on fannsdennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of nattnattnightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fannsI haven't yet moved over to Glimmingehus, but am still living in Pomerania.”
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flyttatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of flyttatännuyetännu · adverbmodifies flyttatintenotinte · particlemodifies flyttatflyttatmovedflytta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceöveroveröver · prepositiondepends on flyttattilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking GlimmingehusGlimmingehusGlimmingehusGlimmingehus · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of flyttatutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of borborlivesbo · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with flyttatkvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on boriini · prepositionpreposition marking PommernPommernPomeraniapommer · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bor- 9
The boy was incredibly glad that Sir Ermenrich had sought him out.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencealldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies otroligtotroligtincrediblyotrolig · adverbmodifies gladgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevöverthatöver · prepositionintroduces the clause of söktattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of söktherrSirherr · proper noun, nominativesubject of söktErmenrichErmenrichErmenrich · proper noun, nominativedepends on herrhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of söktsöktsoughtsöka · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on blevuppupupp · adverbdepends on sökthonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sökt They chatted about all sorts of things, like old friends.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of språkadespråkadechattedspråka · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseomaboutom · prepositionintroduces the clause of möjligtalltallall · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies möjligtmöjligtall sorts ofmöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies språkadehalf the examples (ch01-p27, ch04-p30) use the fixed idiom 'allt möjligt' = 'all sorts of/everything', not the literal 'possible' sense used in the other two.
somlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vännergamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vännervännerfriendsvänn · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of språkadeAt last the stork asked whether the boy would not like to go out and ride for a while in the beautiful night.
Tillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies frågadesistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase Tillfrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencestorkenstorkstork · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågadeomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadeintenotinte · particlemodifies hadepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeclause modifying storkenlustdesirelust · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of farainfinitive marker before a verb.
faragofara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of hadesome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
utoutut · adverbdepends on faraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationridato riderida · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with faraenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ridaiini · prepositionpreposition marking nattendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of nattenvackrabeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies nattennattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rida- 10
Yes, the boy would very much like that, if only the stork would arrange for him to be back with the wild geese before sunrise.
Jowell/yesjo · interjectiondepends on villeused to affirm or answer a question, often contradicting an implied doubt.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of villevillewantedvilja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villemycketvery muchmycket · adverbmodifies gärnagärnavery muchgärna · adverbmodifies villeType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lagadestorkenstorkstork · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lagadebarajustbara · adverbmodifies lagadelagadearrangedlaga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with villesåforså · adverbmodifies lagadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommekommewould comekomme · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of villearchaic subjunctive/conditional form of komma.
tillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies kommetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tillbakaattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
förebeforeföre · prepositionpreposition marking soluppgångensoluppgångensunrisesoluppgång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komme That he promised, and so off they went.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lovadelovadepromisedlova · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lovadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåsoså · adverbmodifies barbarcarriedba · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with lovadeTagged present tense, but every occurrence is the old preterite of bära ("carried"), not the present.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of baravoffav · prepositiondepends on barmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of bar- 11
Sir Ermenrich flew off once more, straight toward the moon.
HerrSirHerr · proper noun, nominativesubject of flögTitle before Ermenrich's name.
ErmenrichErmenrichErmenrich · proper noun, nominativesubject of flögflögflewflög · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåagainpå · prepositionpreposition marking rättnyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies rätträttrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flögmottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking månenmånenmoonmåne · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies rätt They climbed and climbed, the sea sank far below, but the flight went so strangely easily that it almost seemed as if they were lying still in the air.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of stegoSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
stegoclimbedstego · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sjönkHistorical plural past form of stiga.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstegoclimbedstego · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with stegoHistorical plural past form of stiga.
havetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of sjönksjönksanksjönk · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedjuptdeeplydjup · adverbmodifies nernerdownner · adverbmodifies sjönkmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationflyktenflightflykt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sjönksåsoså · adverbmodifies gicksällsamtstrangelysällsam · adverbmodifies lättlätteasilylätt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies gickch01-p14 'ett lätt buller' renders as 'a faint noise' in the translation, a distinct sense from weight/air-lightness or ease.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förefölldetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with föreföllnästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies föreföllföreföllseemedförefölal · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gicklemma is a mis-OCR of föreföll ('seemed').
somas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stillaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stilladetheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of stillaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
lågewere lyinglåge · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stillaLåge is a historical subjunctive form of ligga.
stillastillstilla · adverbadverbial clause on förefölliini · prepositionpreposition marking luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stilla- 12
The boy thought it was an unreasonably short time that the flight had lasted, when Sir Ermenrich dropped down to land.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tiddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tidvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tidenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidorimligtunreasonablyorimlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies kortkortshortkort · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of tycktesomthatsom · pronounsubject of varatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
flyktenflightflykt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varatvaratlastedvarat · verb, active, supineclause modifying tiddåwhendå · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sänkteherrSirherr · proper noun, nominativesubject of sänkteErmenrichErmenrichErmenrich · proper noun, nominativedepends on herrsänkteloweredsänka · verb, past, indicative, activeclause modifying tidsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sänkteförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of slåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of slåinfinitive marker before a verb.
slålandslå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sänktenerdownner · adverbdepends on slå - 13
They landed on a desolate seashore, which was covered with smooth, fine sand.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of landadelandadelandedlanda · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking havsstrandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of havsstrandödsligdesolateödslig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies havsstrandhavsstrandseashorehavsstrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of landadesomwhichsom · pronounsubject of täcktThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to täckttäcktcoveredtäcka · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularrelative clause on havsstrandmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sandjämneven/smoothjämn · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sandfinfinefin · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sandsandsandsand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of täckt Along the coast ran a long row of dune hills with beach-rye growing on their crests.
Längsalonglängs · adverbmodifies löptekustencoastkust · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of löptelöpteranlöpte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of radlånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies radradrowrad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of löpteavofav · prepositionpreposition marking flygsandskullarflygsandskullardune hillsflygsandskull · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies radmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking strandrågstrandrågbeach ryestrandråg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies flygsandskullarpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking topparnatopparnathe creststopparna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies strandrågThey were not very high, but they kept the boy from seeing anything of the land beyond.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of voroSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
intenotinte · particlemodifies högamycketverymycket · adverbmodifies högahögatallhög · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of voromenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hindradehindradehinderedhindra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with voropojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hindradefrånfromfrån · prepositionintroduces the clause of seatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hindradenågotanythingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of seavofav · prepositionpreposition marking inlandetinlandetthe interiorinlande · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies något- 14
Sir Ermenrich stood himself on a sand hill, drew up one leg, and bent his neck backward to tuck his beak under his wing.
HerrSirHerr · proper noun, nominativesubject of ställdeTitle before Ermenrich's name.
ErmenrichErmenrichErmenrich · proper noun, nominativedepends on Herrställdestoodställa · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on drogsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ställdepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sandkulleenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sandkullesandkullesand hillsandkulle · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ställdedrogdrewdrog · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceuppupupp · adverbdepends on drogenaoneena · adjective, nominativemodifies benetbenetlegben · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of drogben can mean either 'leg' or 'bone' depending on context.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationböjdebentböjde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with droghalsenneckhalse · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of böjdebakåtbackwardbakåt · adverbmodifies böjdeförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of stickaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of stickainfinitive marker before a verb.
stickatucksticka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on böjdeininin · adverbdepends on stickanäbbenbeaknäbbe · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of stickaunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking vingenvingenwingving · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sticka “You can wander about here on the beach for a while,” he said to Thumbietot, “while I rest.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vandrakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of vandravandrawandervandra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceomkringaroundomkring · adverbpreposition marking stundenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vandrahärherehär · adverbmodifies stundpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking strandenstrandenshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of härsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vandrahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking TummetottTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of sadethe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
medanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vilarjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vilarvilarrestsvila · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of sademigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of vilarBut don't go farther off than you can find your way back to me!”
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgågogå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies gålängrefartherlänge · adverbmodifies gåbortawaybort · adverbdepends on gåänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hittarattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hittarduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hittarhittarfindshitta · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gåtillbakabacktillbaka · adverbdepends on hittartilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hittar- 15
The boy meant, first of all, to climb up a dune hill to see what the land looked like farther in.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ämnadeämnadeintendedämna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceförforför · prepositionpreposition marking förstadetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of förstaförstafirsten · adjective, nominativeoblique complement of klättrasurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
klättrato climbklättra · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to ämnadeuppupupp · adverbdepends on klättrapåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking flygsandskulleenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of flygsandskulleflygsandskullea dune hillflygsandskulle · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of klättraförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of seatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on klättrahurhowhur · adverbmodifies såglandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of sepast tense of se, 'to see.'
utlookut · adverbdepends on sågdärinnanförfarther indärinnanför · adverbmodifies såg But when he had gone a couple of steps, he struck the toe of his wooden shoe against something hard.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåtthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttgonegå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on stötteettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies stegstegstepssteg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of gåttstöttestruckstötte · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stöttemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking framkantenframkantenthe toeframkant · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stötteavofav · prepositionpreposition marking träskonträskonthe clogträskon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies framkantenThis is the definite singular of träsko (wooden clog), not a plural.
motagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking hårtnågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies hårthårthardhård · adverbmodifies stötteHe bent down and saw that on the sand lay a small copper coin, so eaten away by verdigris that it was almost transparent.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of böjdeböjdebentböja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of böjdenerdownner · adverbmodifies böjdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with böjdepast tense of se, 'to see.'
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lågpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sandensandensandsand · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on böjdeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kopparslantlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kopparslantkopparslantcopper coinkopparslant · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lågsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of tärdThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tärdsåsoså · adverbmodifies tärdtärdcorrodedtärd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on kopparslantavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking ärgärgverdigrisärg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tärdattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of genomskinligdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of genomskinligvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to genomskinlignästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies genomskinliggenomskinligtransparentgenomskinlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on tärdIt was so worthless that he did not even bother to put it away, but just kicked it aside.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of dåligvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to dåligsåsoså · adverbmodifies dåligdåligbaddålig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bryddehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bryddeintenotinte · particlemodifies gångenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångevengång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bryddebryddecaredbrydde · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on dåligOccurs mainly in the reflexive idiom 'brydde sig om' meaning 'cared about/bothered'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bryddeomtoom · prepositionintroduces the clause of stoppaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of stoppainfinitive marker before a verb.
stoppaput awaystoppa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on bryddedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of stoppapåawaypå · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of stoppautanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
barajustbara · adverbmodifies sparkadesparkadekickedsparka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with dåligundanasideundan · adverbdepends on sparkadedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of sparkade- 16
But when he stood upright again, he was quite astonished, for two steps away rose a high, dark wall with a great, tower-flanked gate.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stodhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodåteragainåter · adverbmodifies stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blevupprättuprightupprätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of stodActually the adjective/adverb 'upprätt' (upright/standing), mistagged as a noun.
blevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies häpenhäpenastonishedhäp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevPredicate adjective häpen ('astonished'); tagged as noun.
förforför · prepositionmodifies blevpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking stegstvåtwotvå · numeral, nominativequantifies stegsstegsstepsstegs · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of blevavstånddistanceavstånd · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of blevresteroseresa · verb, past, indicative, activecomplement of blevsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of resteenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of murhögtallhög · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies murmörkdarkmörk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with högmurwallmur · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of restemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking storenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of restetornförseddtower-flankedtornförsedd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with storportgateport · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with stor - 17
A moment before, when the boy had bent down, the sea had spread out glittering and smooth, and now it was hidden by a long wall with battlements and towers.
Ögonblicketa momentÖgonblicket · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of hadeförutbeforeförut · adverbmodifies Ögonblicketdåwhendå · subordinating conjunctionmodifies böjdepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of böjdeböjdebentböja · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Ögonblicketsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of böjdenerdownner · adverbmodifies böjdehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadebrettspread outbred · adverbcomplement of hadeutoutut · adverbdepends on hadesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of hadeglittrandeglitteringglittra · adjective, nominativemodifies hadeMistagged as adjective; it is the present participle 'glittrande' of 'glittra' (to glitter).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblanktglossyblanka · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with glittrandeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies bortskymtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to bortskymtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of bortskymtbortskymthiddenbortskymt · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with hadeavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking murenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of murlånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies murmurwallmur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bortskymtmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking tinnartinnarbattlementstinn · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies murochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtorntowerstor · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with tinnarPlural of torn ('tower'); lemma mislabeled 'tor'.
And directly in front of him, where a moment ago there had lain only a few banks of seaweed, the great wall-gate stood open.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies mittförmittförin front ofmittför · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on öppnadehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of mittfördärtheredär · adverbmodifies legatdetthereen · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of legatthis type bundles three distinct functions of the neuter forms det/ett under one entry.
förutbeforeförut · adverbmodifies legathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of legatlegatlainlegaa · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on mittförbarajustbara · adverbmodifies legatnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of tångbankartångbankarseaweed bankstångbank · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of legatöppnadeopenedöppna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of öppnadedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of murportenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies murportenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
murportenwall gatemurport · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of öppnade- 18
The boy well understood that there was sorcery at work.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstodförstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenogwellnog · adverbmodifies förstodattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of spökeridetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of spökerivarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to spökerispökerisorceryspökeri · noun, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of förstodmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking speletiat worki · prepositionpreposition marking speletspeletat workspel · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of spökeri But this was nothing to be afraid of, he thought.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of någotvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to någotintenotinte · particlemodifies någotnågotnothingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bliinfinitive marker before a verb.
blibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying någoträddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bliförofför · prepositionpreposition marking blitycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to någothanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckteIt was not any dangerous trolls or other wickedness, the kind he always feared running into at night.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with trollvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to trollintenotinte · particlemodifies trollnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of trollfarligadangerousfarlig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies trolltrolltrolltroll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ondskapondskapwickednessondskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with trollsomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of fruktadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fruktadealltidalwaysalltid · adverbmodifies fruktadefruktadefearedfrukta · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on trollatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of råkainfinitive marker before a verb.
råkarun intoråka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fruktadeutrun intout · adverbdepends on råkaförrun intoför · prepositionpreposition marking nätternaomatom · prepositionpart of the phrase förnätternathe nightsnätterna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of råkaBoth the wall and the gate were so splendidly built that he only felt a wish to see what might be behind them.
Bådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmurenthe wallmure · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of uppfördaDefinite form 'muren' of 'mur' (wall).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationportengateport · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with murenvorowerevoro · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of uppfördaArchaic plural past tense of vara ("to be").
såsoså · adverbmodifies uppfördapräktigtsplendidlypräktig · adverbmodifies uppfördauppfördabuiltuppförda · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fickhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickbarajustbara · adverbmodifies fickfickfeltfå · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on uppfördalustdesirelust · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fickvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on finnassomwhatsom · pronounsubject of finnasThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of finnasfinnasto existfinnas · verb, infinitiveclausal complement of sebakombehindbakom · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of finnas“I'll just have to find out what this can be,” he thought, and made his way in through the gate.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fårfårhave tofå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencelovhave tolov · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fåratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tainfinitive marker before a verb.
tato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fårredafind outreda · adverbdepends on tapart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påoutpå · prepositionpreposition marking tavadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of varadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varavarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivepassive auxiliary of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fårhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbegavset offbegav · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tänkteReflexive 'begav sig' = 'made his/her way, set off'; lemma should be 'begiva'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of begavininin · adverbmodifies begavgenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking portenportengateport · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of begav- 19
In the deep gate-vault sat guards, dressed in gaudy, puffed clothes, with long-shafted halberds beside them, playing dice.
Iini · prepositionpreposition marking portvalvetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of portvalvetdjupadeepdjup · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies portvalvetportvalvetgateway archportvalv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies suttosuttosatsutto · nounoblique complement of väktareArchaic plural past tense of 'sitta' (they sat), despite the noun tag.
väktareguardsväkt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kläddakläddadressedklädda · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseiini · prepositionpreposition marking brokigabrokigacolorfulbrokig · adjective, nominative, pluraloblique complement of kläddapuffadepuffedpuffa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kläddakläderclotheskläder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of puffademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking spjutyxorlångskaftadelong-shaftedlångskaftad · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies spjutyxorspjutyxorhalberdsspjutyxor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of puffadebredvidbesidebredvid · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigthemsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of puffadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationspeladeplayedspela · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kläddatärningdicetärning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of spelade They thought only of the game and paid no attention to the boy, who slipped quickly past them.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebarajustbara · adverbmodifies tänktepåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking speletspeletgamespel · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of tänkteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgåvogavegåvo · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with speletHistorical plural past-tense form of ge/giva ("to give"), not a noun.
intenotinte · particlemodifies gåvoaktheedakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tänkteUsed in the fixed phrase ge/ta akt på, 'to pay heed to / be careful of'.
påtopå · prepositionpreposition marking pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tänktesomwhosom · pronounsubject of skyndadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
heltquitehelt · adverbmodifies skyndadehastigtquicklyhastig · adverbmodifies skyndadeskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, participle, plural, nominativerelative clause on pojkenförbipastförbi · adverbdepends on skyndadedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of skyndade- 20
Inside the gate he found an open square, paved with large, even flagstones.
InnanförinsideInnanför · prepositionpreposition marking portenportengateport · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fannfannfoundfinna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of platsöppenopenöppen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies platsplatsplaceplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fannbelagdpavedbelagd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on fannmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking stenflisorstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stenflisorjämnaeven/leveljämn · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stenflisorstenflisorflagstonesstenflisa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of belagd All around stood high, splendid houses, and between them opened long, narrow streets.
Runtaroundrunt · adverbmodifies omkringomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies stodostodostoodstodo · verb, present, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentenceHistorical plural past form of stå.
högatallhög · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies huspräktigasplendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with högahushouseshus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcomplement of stodoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of öppnadeöppnadeopenedöppna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodosigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of öppnadelångalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies öppnadesmalanarrowsmal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gatorgatorstreetsgata · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with långa- 21
The square in front of the gate swarmed with people.
Påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking platsenplatsenplaceplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vimladeframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking portenportengateport · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies platsenvimladeswarmedvimla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of vimladeavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of vimlade The men wore long, fur-trimmed cloaks over silk undergarments, plume-decked berets sat aslant on their heads, and splendid chains hung on their chests.
Männenthe menMännen · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive suttoburoworeburo · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies långaArchaic plural past tense of 'bära' (to wear/carry/bear), mislabeled as an adjective.
långalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kapporpälsbrämadefur-trimmedpälsbräma · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with långakapporcloakskappa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies Männenöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking underklädnaderunderklädnaderundergarmentsunderklädnader · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies kapporavofav · prepositionpreposition marking sidensidensilksid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies underklädnaderplympryddaplume-adornedplymprydd · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies baretterbaretterberetsbarett · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with sidensuttosatsutto · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseOld plural past tense of sitta ('to sit'), mistagged here as a noun.
påatpå · prepositionpreposition marking snedsnedaslantsned · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies suttopåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking huvudderastheirde · pronounpossessor of huvudpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
huvudheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of suttopåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking bröstetbröstetchestbröst · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hängdehängdehunghängde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with suttopräktigasplendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kedjorkedjorchainskedja · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hängdeThey were all so magnificently arrayed that they could have been kings.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of utstyrdaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies utstyrdaPast plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective.
allesammansallallesammans · noun, genitive, common gender, singularoblique complement of ståtligtsåsoså · adverbmodifies ståtligtståtligtmagnificentlyståtlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies utstyrdautstyrdaarrayedutstyrda · adjective, nominative, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kungardetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kungarkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kungarhahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of kungarvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to kungarkungarkingskung · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralin apposition to utstyrda- 22
The women went about in pointed caps, long skirts, and tight sleeves.
Kvinnornathe womenKvinnorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of gingogingowentgingo · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasePast plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking mössortoppigapointedtoppig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies mössormössorcapsmössa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gingolångalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kjolarkjolarskirtskjoel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralin apposition to mössorochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtrånganarrowtrång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ärmarärmarsleevesärm · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with kjolar They too were splendidly dressed, but their finery did not come anywhere near the men's.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of voroSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on kläddaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
ocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies kläddapräktigtsplendidlypräktig · adverbmodifies kläddakläddadressedklädda · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationderastheirde · pronounpossessor of ståtpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
ståtfineryståt · proper noun, nominativesubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kläddaintenotinte · particlemodifies gickpåbypå · prepositionpreposition marking långtlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies gicknärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionmodifies gickuppupupp · adverbpart of the phrase närmotnearmot · prepositionpreposition marking männensmännensmen'smänn · noun, genitive, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gick- 23
This was exactly like the old storybook his mother would sometimes take out of the chest and show him.
Detthisden · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sagobokenhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase Detvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies Detjuof courseju · adverbmodifies varalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies sagobokensomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sagobokeniini · prepositionpreposition marking sagobokendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sagobokengamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sagobokensagobokenthe storybooksagobok · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · subordinating conjunctiondirect object of togmormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on sagobokenframforwardfram · adverbdepends on tognågonsometimesnågon · pronoun, common gender, singulardeterminer of gångendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativemodifies gånggångsometimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of togurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking kistankistanchestkista · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of togochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvisadeshowedvisa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with toghonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of visade The boy simply could not believe his eyes.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kundekundecouldkunna · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of troraktsimplyrak · adverbmodifies trointenotinte · particlemodifies trotrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesinahissig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of ögonögoneyesögon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of tro- 24
But what was more remarkable to see than either the men or the women was the town itself.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on stadensomwhatsom · pronounsubject of märkvärdigareThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to märkvärdigaremärkvärdigaremore remarkablemärkvärdig · adjective, nominative, comparativerelative clause on detatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on märkvärdigareänthanän · subordinating conjunctionlinks the coordinationbådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmännenmenman · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with detochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkvinnornawomenkvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with männendetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of stadenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to stadensjälvaitselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies stadenSurface "själva" is the plural/emphatic form of själv and can mean "themselves" or intensify "the very."
stadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrase Every house was built so that it turned a gable toward the street.
Varjeeveryvarje · determiner, singulardeterminer of hushushousehus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of byggtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to byggtsåsoså · adverbmodifies byggtbyggtbuiltbygga · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vändedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of vändevändeturnedväna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on byggtPast tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gavelgavelgablegavel · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of vändeåttowardåt · prepositionpreposition marking gatangatanstreetgata · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vändeAnd the gables were so ornamented that one might think they wanted to compete with each other over who could show off the finest decorations.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgavlarnathe gablesgavle · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vorovorowerevoro · pronoun, pluraldepends on utpyntademistagged as a pronoun; this is the archaic plural past tense of vara 'to be'.
såsoså · adverbmodifies utpyntadeutpyntadeornamentedutpynta · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tromanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trokundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trotrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitivedepends on utpyntadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tävladetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of tävlavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tävlatävlato competetävla · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of tromedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking varandravarandraeach othervarandra · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of tävlaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of uppvisavemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singulardepends on uppvisasomwhosom · pronounsubject of uppvisaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
skullecouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of uppvisakunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of uppvisauppvisato show offuppvisa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tävladetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of prydnadernaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
skönasteloveliestskönaste · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies prydnadernaStudio translation renders 'skönaste' as 'loveliest' (3x) or 'fairest' (1x), never 'finest'; prefer 'loveliest' to match the wording actually used.
prydnadernaornamentsprydnad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of uppvisa- 25
Anyone who suddenly sees so much that is new cannot manage to keep it all in memory.
Deniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of hinnasomwhosom · pronounsubject of seThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
heltquitehelt · adverbmodifies hastigthastigtquicklyhastig · adverbmodifies sefårgets tofå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on Densåsoså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies nyttnyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of sekancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hinnaintenotinte · particlemodifies hinnahinnato have time tohinna · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bevarainfinitive marker before a verb.
bevarakeepbevara · verb, active, infinitivedepends on hinnaalltsammansall of italltsammans · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of bevaraiini · prepositionpreposition marking minnetminnetmemoryminn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of bevara But the boy could still recall afterward that he had seen stepped gables that bore images of Christ and his apostles on their several ledges, gables where figures stood in niche after niche the whole way up the wall, gables that were inlaid with many-colored bits of glass, and gables that were striped and checkered with white and black marble.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kundekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommaändåstilländå · adverbmodifies kommaefteråtafterwardefteråt · adverbmodifies kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceihågto mind (remember)ihåg · adverbdepends on kommaonly occurs in the fixed phrase komma ihåg 'to remember'.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of setthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on kommatrappstegsgavlarstepped gablestrappstegsgavl · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of settsomthatsom · subordinating conjunctionmodifies buroburoworeburo · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying trappstegsgavlarArchaic plural past tense of 'bära' (to wear/carry/bear), mislabeled as an adjective.
bilderpicturesbild · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of settavofav · prepositionpreposition marking KristusKristusChristKristus · proper noun, nominativemodifies bilderochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanshishan · pronounpossessor of apostlarapostlarapostlesapostla · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Kristuspåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking avsatsernadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of avsatsernaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
olikadifferentolik · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies avsatsernaavsatsernaledgesavsats · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies apostlargavlargablesgavl · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with settdärtheredär · adverbmodifies stodobilderpicturesbild · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of stodostodostoodstodo · adverbrelative clause on gavlarArchaic plural preterite of stå 'to stand', mistagged as adverb.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking väggennischnichenisch · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase ividaftervid · prepositionpreposition marking nischnischnichenisch · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ihelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies väggenväggenwallvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodouppefterup alonguppefter · adverbmodifies stodogavlargablesgavl · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with stodosomthatsom · pronounsubject of voroThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
vorowerevoro · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralrelative clause on gavlarArchaic plural past tense of vara (they were), not a noun.
inlagdainlaidinlaga · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying voromedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking glasbitarmångfärgademany-coloredmångfärgad · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies glasbitarglasbitarbits of glassglasbit · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of inlagdaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgavlargablesgavl · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with stodosomthatsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of marmorvorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralpart of the phrase somarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
randigastripedrandig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies marmorochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrutigacheckeredrutig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with randigaavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking marmorvitwhitevit · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies marmorochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsvartblacksvar · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with vitSurface 'svart' is the adjective svart (black); the lemma 'svar' (answer) is a backbone mistag.
marmormarblemarmor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gavlar- 26
While the boy was admiring all this, a sudden urgency came over him.
Medanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of beundradepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of beundradebeundradeadmiredbeundra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on komalltallall · adverbdeterminer of dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of beundradekomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of brådskahäftigviolenthäftig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies brådskabrådskahastebrådska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kom “My eyes have never seen anything like this before.
NågotsomethingNågot · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sådantsådantsuch a thingsån · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of settharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of settaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies settminamyjag · pronoun, pluralpossessor of ögonThis entry is really the possessive "mina" (plural agreement), mistagged under the lemma jag.
ögoneyesögon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of settförrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies settsettseense · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseBackbone mistags this as an adjective; the surface (sett) is the supine of se, 'to see'.
Never again will they see anything like it,” he said to himself.
NågotsomethingNågot · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sådantsådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sefårwillfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sealdrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies semeragainmycket · adverbmodifies seseseese · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to sehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of sadesjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sigAnd he began to run into the town, up one street and down another.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencespringato runspringa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadeOne cited example uses the homograph springa "slit/crack" (a different noun); this type is the infinitive verb "to run".
inåtintoinåt · prepositionpreposition marking stadenstadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of springagatastreetgata · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with springauppupupp · adverbmodifies gataochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgatastreetgata · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with uppnerdownner · adverbmodifies springa- 27
The streets were narrow and cramped, but not empty and gloomy like the towns he knew.
Gatornathe streetsGatorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasevorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on Gatornaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
trånganarrowtrång · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with Gatornaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmalanarrowsmal · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with trångamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies tommatommaemptytom · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with Gatornaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdystragloomydyster · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with tommasomlikesom · pronounintroduces the clause of städerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking städerdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of städerSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
städertownsstad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraladverbial clause on tommasomthatsom · pronoundirect object of kändeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändekändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on städertillabouttill · prepositionpreposition marking kände There were people everywhere.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
folkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of fannsöverallteverywhereöverallt · adverbmodifies fannsOld women sat at their doors spinning without a spinning wheel, using only a distaff.
GamlaoldGamla · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gummorgummorold womengummor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive suttosuttosatsutto · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralhead of the phraseArchaic plural past tense of sitta (they sat), not a noun.
vidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking dörrarsinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of dörrardörrardoorsdörr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies suttoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationspunnospunspunnoa · verb, imperative, activecoordinated with suttoHistorical plural past form of spinna.
utanwithoututan · prepositionpreposition marking spinnrockspinnrockspinning wheelspinnrock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of spunnobarajustbara · adverbmodifies kavlemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking enhjälphelphjälp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase medavusingav · prepositionpart of the phrase medenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kavlekavledistaffkavle · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with suttoThe merchants' shops were open to the street like market stalls.
Köpmännensthe merchants'Köpmännen · noun, genitive, neuter, pluralpossessor of bodarbodarshopsboda · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasevorowerevoro · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldepends on bodarArchaic plural past tense of vara (they were), not a noun.
somlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of marknadsståndmarknadsståndmarket stallsmarknadsstånd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of bodaröppnaopenöppna · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying marknadsståndåttoåt · prepositionpreposition marking gatangatanstreetgata · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of öppnaAll the craftsmen kept themselves and their work out of doors.
Allaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of hantverkarehantverkarecraftsmenhantverkare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of höllohöllokepthöllo · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of hölloutomhusoutdoorsutomhus · adverbmodifies höllomedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking arbetesitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of arbetepossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
arbeteworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hölloIn one place train-oil was being boiled, in another hides were being tanned, and in a third there was a long rope-walk.
Påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking ställeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ställeställeplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kokadeskokadeswas boiledkoka · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentencetrantrain oiltran · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive kokadespåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking annatettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of annatannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of garvadesgarvadeswere tannedgarvades · verb, past, indicative, passivemodifies hudarhudarhideshud · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralagent of kokadespåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking hållettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of hålltredjethirdtre · adjective, nominativemodifies hållSurface 'tredje' is the ordinal 'third', though lemma is tagged as the cardinal 'tre'.
hålldirectionhåll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativeadverbial clause on kokadesexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of repslagarbanalånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies repslagarbanarepslagarbanaropewalkrepslagarbana · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fanns- 28
If the boy had only had the time, he could have learned to make all sorts of things.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of haftpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haftbarajustbara · adverbmodifies hafthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on läratidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haftpåavailablepå · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of hafthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåkunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of fåfåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of läraläralearnedlära · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of läraattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of möjligtförfärdigamakeförfärdig · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of möjligtalltall/everythingallt · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies möjligtmöjligtall sorts ofmöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of lärahalf the examples (ch01-p27, ch04-p30) use the fixed idiom 'allt möjligt' = 'all sorts of/everything', not the literal 'possible' sense used in the other two.
Here he watched armorers hammer out thin breastplates, goldsmiths set precious stones into rings and bracelets, turners guide their tools, cobblers sole soft red shoes, the gold-drawer twist gold thread, and the weavers work silk and gold into their fabrics.
Härherehär · adverbmodifies sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of såghurhowhur · adverbmodifies hamradevapensmederarmorersvapensmeder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hamradehamradehammeredhamra · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of sågutoutut · adverbdepends on hamradetunnathintunn · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bröstharneskbröstharneskbreastplatesbröstharnesk · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hamradehurhowhur · adverbmodifies satteguldsmedergoldsmithsguldsmeder · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of sattesattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on bröstharneskpast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
ininin · adverbdepends on satteädlanobleädla · verb, active, infinitivemodifies stenarMistagged as a verb; ädla is the plural form of the adjective ädel ("noble").
stenarstonessten · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of satteiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking ringarringarringsring · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of satteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationarmbandbraceletsarmband · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with ringarhurhowhur · adverbmodifies fördesvarvareturnerssvarvare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fördefördeguideföra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with satteSecond example 'en smal stig, som förde inåt skogen' = 'a narrow path that led into the forest' — a path leading, not carrying — a distinct sense from the first example ('förde ju lycka med sig' = 'brought good luck').
sinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of järnjärntoolsjärn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of fördehurhowhur · adverbmodifies suladeskomakareshoemakerskomakare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of suladesuladesoledsula · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on förderödaredröd · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies skormjukasoftmjuk · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with rödaskorshoessko · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of suladehurhowhur · adverbmodifies guldtrådgulddragarenthe gold-drawergulddragare · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of tvinnadetvinnadetwistedtvinnad · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies guldtrådguldtrådgold threadguldtråd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralin apposition to suladeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhurhowhur · adverbmodifies slogovävarnathe weaversvävarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of slogoslogoworkedslogo · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with fördeArchaic plural preterite of slå; tagged present but functions as past tense.
ininin · adverbdepends on slogosilkesilksilke · noundirect object of slogoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationguldgoldguld · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with silkeiini · prepositionpreposition marking vävarsinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of vävarvävarfabricsvävar · verb, present, indicative, activeoblique complement of slogo- 29
But the boy had no time to stop.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies hadetidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of stannainfinitive marker before a verb.
stannastaystanna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hade He just rushed onward to manage to see as much as possible before it should all vanish again.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rusadebarajustbara · adverbmodifies rusaderusaderushedrusa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceframåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies rusadeförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of hinnaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hinnainfinitive marker before a verb.
hinnato have time tohinna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on rusadeseseese · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of hinnasåasså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies sesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of möjligtmöjligtpossiblemöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on sehalf the examples (ch01-p27, ch04-p30) use the fixed idiom 'allt möjligt' = 'all sorts of/everything', not the literal 'possible' sense used in the other two.
innanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of försvinnaalltsammansall of italltsammans · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försvinnaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of försvinnaförsvinnadisappearförsvinna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on seigenagainigen · adverbdepends on försvinna- 30
The high wall ran all around the whole town, enclosing it the way a fence encloses a field.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of murenhögahighhög · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies murenmurenwallmur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of löptelöpteranlöpa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceruntaroundrunt · adverbmodifies löpteomaroundom · prepositionpreposition marking stadenhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies stadenstadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of löpteomstängdeenclosedomstänägg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with löptedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of omstängdesomthe waysom · subordinating conjunctiondirect object of stängerenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gärdsgårdgärdsgårdfencegärdsgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stängerstängershutsstänga · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on denföroffför · prepositionpreposition marking åkerenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of åkeråkerfieldåka · verb, present, indicative, activeoblique complement of stängerMislemmatized: surface is 'åker', the noun ('a field'), in both attested examples ('slog ner på en åker', 'stänger för en åker') — not a form of the verb åka ('to ride/drive'). Gloss corrected to the noun sense actually attested.
At the end of every street he saw it, tower-adorned and battlement-crowned.
Vidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking slutetslutetendslut · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sågavofav · prepositionpreposition marking gatavarjeeveryvarje · determiner, singulardeterminer of gatagatastreetgata · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies slutetsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågdeniten · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of sågtornpryddtower-adornedtornprydd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with denochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtinnkröntbattlement-crownedtinnkrönt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with denUp on the wall walked soldiers in gleaming armor and helmets.
Uppeup highuppe · adverbsubject of krigsknektarpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking murenmurenwallmur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Uppegingowentgingo · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies krigsknektarPast plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective.
krigsknektarsoldierskrigsknekta · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraseiini · prepositionpreposition marking harneskblänkandeglitteringblänkande · adjective, nominativemodifies harneskharneskarmorharnesk · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies krigsknektarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhjälmarhelmetshjälm · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with harnesk- 31
When he had run straight through the whole town, he came to yet another gate in the wall.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sprungithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sprungithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sprungitsprungitrunsprunga · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on komtvärsigenomstraight throughtvärsigenom · adverbdepends on sprungithelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies stadenstadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sprungitkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komframforwardfram · adverbdepends on komtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking portännuanotherännu · adverbmodifies enenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of portportgateport · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komiini · prepositionpreposition marking murenmurenthe wallmure · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies portDefinite form 'muren' of 'mur' (wall).
Outside it lay the sea with the harbor.
Därutanföroutside itdärutanför · adverbmodifies låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of lågmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hamnenhamnenharborhamn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågThe boy saw old-fashioned ships with rowing benches across the middle and high structures fore and aft.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegammaldagsold-fashionedgammaldags · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies skeppskeppshipsskepp · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of sågmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking roddarbänkarroddarbänkarrowing benchesroddarbänk · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sågmittöverright acrossmittöver · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on roddarbänkarFunctions as an adverb/preposition meaning 'straight across from' or 'right over'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhögatallhög · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies uppbyggnaderuppbyggnaderstructuresuppbyggnad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with mittöveriati · prepositionoblique complement of roddarbänkarförforeför · prepositionpart of the phrase iochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationaktersternsakt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with förSome lay taking on cargo, others were just dropping anchor.
Somligasomesomlig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies lågolågolaylågo · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kastademistagged as a noun; this is the archaic plural past tense of ligga 'to lie' (they lay).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtogotook ontogo · verb, imperative, activemodifies lastininin · adverbpart of the phrase togolastcargolast · adverbcoordinated with lågoandraothersannan · pronoun, pluralsubject of kastadekastadethrewkasta · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseMistagged as an adjective; 'kastade' is the past tense of the verb 'kasta' (to throw).
justjustjust · adverbmodifies ankarankaranchorank · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of kastadePorters and merchants hurried past one another; everywhere there was bustle and life.
Bärareportersbärare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of skyndadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationköpmänmerchantsköpman · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Bärareskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceompastom · prepositionpreposition marking varandravarandraeach othervarandra · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of skyndadeöverallteverywhereöverallt · adverbmodifies rådderåddethere wasrådde · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on skyndadebrådskahastebrådska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råddeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlivlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with brådska- 32
But here too he felt he had no time to linger.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies tycktehellereitherheller · adverbmodifies tycktehärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase hellertycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tycktehato haveha · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tycktetidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of dröjainfinitive marker before a verb.
dröjato delaydröja · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying tid He hurried back into the town again, and now he came to the great market square.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skyndadeskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceininin · adverbdepends on skyndademottomot · prepositionpreposition marking stadenstadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skyndadeigenagainigen · adverbmodifies skyndadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with skyndadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komframforwardfram · adverbdepends on komtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking StortorgetStortorgetthe great squareStortorget · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of framThere stood the cathedral with its three tall towers and deep, image-adorned door-vaults.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedomkyrkancathedraldomkyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking torntrethreetre · numeral, nominativequantifies tornhögatallhög · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies torntorntowerstor · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of stodPlural of torn ('tower'); lemma mislabeled 'tor'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdjupadeepdjup · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with tornbildpryddaimage-adornedbildprydda · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with stodportvalvarched portalsportvalv · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of stodThe walls were so carved by sculptors that there was not a stone without its own ornament.
Väggarnathe wallsVäggarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of utsiradevorowerevoro · pronoun, pluralmodifies Väggarnamistagged as a pronoun; this is the archaic plural past tense of vara 'to be'.
såsoså · adverbmodifies utsiradeutsiradeornately carvedutsira · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking bildhuggarebildhuggaresculptorsbildhuggare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies utsiradeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fannsdärtheredär · adverbmodifies fannsintenotinte · particlemodifies fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativeadverbial clause on utsiradeexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stenstenstonesten · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannssomthatsom · pronounsubject of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on stensinits ownsig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of prydnadprydnadornamentprydnad · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeAnd what splendor glimpsed through the open door — golden crosses, gold-wrought altars, and priests in golden vestments!
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of praktsådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies praktsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
praktsplendorprakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounsubject of skymtadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
skymtadecame into viewskymta · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on praktframforwardfram · adverbdepends on skymtadegenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking portendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of portenöppnaopenöppen · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies portenportengateport · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skymtadeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking korsgyllenegoldengyllene · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies korskorscrosseskor · noun, genitive, neuter, pluralpossessor of altarenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationguldsmiddagold-wroughtguldsmidda · adjective, nominativecoordinated with korsaltarenaltarsaltar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skymtadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationprästerpriestspräst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with altareniini · prepositionpreposition marking guldskrudarguldskrudargolden vestmentsguldskrud · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies prästerOpposite the church stood a house with battlements on its roof and a single narrow, sky-high tower.
Mittemotoppositemittemot · adjective, nominative, singularsubject of lågkyrkanchurchkyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of hushushousehus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of lågsomthatsom · pronounsubject of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on hustinnarbattlementstinn · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hadepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking takettaketrooftak · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationettaen · numeral, nominative, neuter, singulardeterminer of tornendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativemodifies smaltsmaltnarrowsmal · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies tornskyhögtsky-highskyhög · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies torntorntowertorn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with taketThat must have been the town hall.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of rådhusetvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to rådhusetvälmustväl · adverbmodifies rådhusetrådhusettown hallrådhus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseAnd between the church and the town hall, all around the square, rose the beautiful gabled houses in the most manifold ornamentation.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking kyrkankyrkanchurchkyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of resteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrådhusettown hallrådhus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with kyrkanruntaroundrunt · adverbmodifies torgetomaroundom · prepositionpreposition marking torgethelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies torgettorgetsquaretorg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with kyrkanresteroseresa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of restedetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of gavelhusenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
skönabeautifulskön · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gavelhusengavelhusenthe gabled housesgavelhuse · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of resteiini · prepositionpreposition marking utsmyckningmångfaldigastemost manifoldmångfaldig · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies utsmyckningutsmyckningornamentationutsmyckning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of reste- 33
The boy had run himself both warm and tired.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sprungithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sprungitsprungitrunsprun · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceLemma is truncated; the word is 'springa' (to run).
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sprungitbådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarmwarmvarm · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of sprungitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtrötttiredtrött · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with varm He believed he had now seen the most remarkable things, and so began to walk more slowly.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of troddetroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of troddenunownu · adverbmodifies setthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supineclausal complement of troddedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of märkvärdigastemärkvärdigastemost remarkablemärkvärdig · adjective, nominative, superlativedirect object of troddeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with troddedärförsodärför · adverbmodifies gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadelångsammaremore slowlylångsamm · adverbmodifies gåThe street he had now turned onto was surely the one where the townspeople bought their splendid clothes.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gatangatanstreetgata · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of densomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of slagitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slagitnunownu · adverbmodifies slagithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slagitslagitturnedslå · verb, active, supinerelative clause on gatanininin · adverbdepends on slagitpåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking somvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to densäkertsurelysäker · adverbmodifies vardenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularhead of the phrasedärtheredär · adverbmodifies köptestadsbornathe townspeoplestadsborna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of köpteköpteboughtköpa · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on densinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of kläderpräktigasplendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kläderkläderclotheskläder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of köpteHe saw crowds of people standing in front of the little shops, where the merchants spread out over their counters flowered, stiff silk, heavy gold cloth, shimmering velvet, light gauze, and lace as thin as spiderweb.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencefulltcrowdsfull · adverbmodifies sågAdverbial use of full/fullt, e.g. 'fullt så' = 'quite as'.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking folkfolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of sågståstandstå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of sågframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking bodarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of bodarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
småsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bodarnabodarnathe little shopsbodarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of stådärtheredär · adverbmodifies breddeköpmännenmerchantsköpmänn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of breddebreddespreadbreda · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on bodarnautoutut · adverbdepends on breddeöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking diskendiskenthe counterdisk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of breddeblommigtfloweredblommig · adverbmodifies spetsarstyvtstiffstyv · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sidensidensilkside · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with blommigttjocktthicktjock · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies guldtygguldtyggold clothguldtyg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with blommigtskiftandeshimmeringskifta · adjective, nominativemodifies sammetsammetvelvetsamm · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with blommigtlättalightlätt · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with blommigtflorsdukargauze clothsflorsduk · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of lättaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationspindelvävstunnaspiderweb-thinspindelvävstunna · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with florsdukarspetsarlacespets · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of såg- 34
Before, when the boy had been running so fast, no one had paid him any attention.
Förutbeforeförut · adverbmodifies gettnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sprangpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sprangsprangransprangma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gettLemma is corrupted; surfaces are only "sprang" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma.
såsoså · adverbmodifies sprangfortfastfort · adverbmodifies spranghadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gettingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of gettgettgivenge · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceaktheedakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gettUsed in the fixed phrase ge/ta akt på, 'to pay heed to / be careful of'.
påtopå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gett The people had surely thought it was only a little gray rat scurrying past them.
Människornathe peopleMänniskorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trottvisstcertainlyviss · adverbmodifies trottsurface visst here is the adverb 'certainly/surely', not the adjective viss 'certain'.
trottthoughttrotd · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of råttadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with råttabarajustbara · adverbmodifies råttavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to råttaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of råttalitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies råttagrågraygrå · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies råttaråttaratråtta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of trottsomthatsom · pronounsubject of kiladeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kiladedartedkila · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on råttaförbipastförbi · adverbdepends on kiladedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of kiladeBut now, as he walked slowly along the street, one of the merchants caught sight of him and began to wave at him.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies gicknärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gickhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegatanstreetgata · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gickframforwardfram · adverbdepends on gickheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies saktasaktaslowlysakta · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of gickFunctions adverbially ('slowly') though tagged as an adjective form.
fickcaught sightfå · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to gickeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of fickavofav · prepositionpreposition marking köpmännenköpmännenthe merchantsköpmänn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies ensynsightsyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fickvinkawavevinka · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of börjadeåtatåt · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of började- 35
The boy was frightened at first and wanted to hurry away, but the merchant only waved and smiled and spread out on his counter a gorgeous piece of silk damask, as if to lure him.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceförstfirstförst · adverbmodifies ängsligängsliganxiousängslig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skyndaskyndato hurryskynda · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with ängsligundanawayundan · adverbdepends on skyndamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationköpmannenmerchantköpmann · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vinkadebarajustbara · adverbmodifies vinkadevinkadewavedvinka · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlogsmiledlog · pronoun, common gender, singularcoordinated with vinkadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbreddespreadbreda · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vinkadeutoutut · adverbdepends on breddepåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking diskendiskenthe counterdisk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of breddeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of styckehärligtglorioushärlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies styckestyckepiecestycke · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of vinkadesidendamastsilk damasksidendamast · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of vinkadeliksomas ifliksom · prepositionintroduces the clause of lockaförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of lockaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of lockainfinitive marker before a verb.
lockalure/temptlocka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on vinkadehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of locka - 36
The boy shook his head.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skakadeskakadeshookskaka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåhispå · prepositionpreposition marking huvudethuvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of skakade “I will never be rich enough to buy a single meter of that cloth,” he thought.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencealdrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies blirsåenoughså · adverbmodifies rikrikrichrik · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blirattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of köpajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of köpakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of köpaköpato buyköpa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on blirenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of metermetermetermeter · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of köpaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies meterdärtheredär · adverbmodifies tygettygetclothtyg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularin apposition to metertänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blirhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkte- 37
But now he had been spotted in every single shop the whole length of the street.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies fåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fåttfåttbeen spottedfå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesynsightsyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåttpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fåttiini · prepositionpreposition marking bodvarendaevery singlevarenda · determiner, singulardeterminer of bodbodshopbod · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fått'Bod' means a farm outbuilding/storehouse in rural contexts, and 'shop' in a town street.
helawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gatangatanstreetgata · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåttutefteralongutefter · verb, present, indicative, activemodifies fåttActually the preposition/adverb 'utefter' (along), mistagged as a verb.
Wherever he looked, a shopkeeper stood waving at him.
Vartwherevart · adverbmodifies såghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on stodpast tense of se, 'to see.'
stodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of krämarekrämareshopkeeperkrämare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvinkadewavedvinka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodåtatåt · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vinkadeThey left their wealthy customers and thought only of him.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of lämnadelämnadeleftlämna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of kunderrikarichrik · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kunderkundercustomerskund · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of lämnadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lämnadebarajustbara · adverbmodifies tänktepåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tänkteHe watched how they hurried into the shop's most hidden corner to fetch the best they had to sell, and how their hands trembled with haste and eagerness as they laid it out on the counter.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehurhowhur · adverbmodifies skyndadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of skyndadeskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of sågininin · adverbdepends on skyndadeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking vråbodensthe shop'sbod · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of vrådoldastemost hiddendoldaste · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies vråvråcornervrå · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skyndadeförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of hämtaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hämtainfinitive marker before a verb.
hämtato fetchhämta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skyndadedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of bästabästabestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativedirect object of hämtadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to sågatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of säljainfinitive marker before a verb.
säljato sellsälja · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhurhowhur · adverbmodifies händerderastheirde · pronounpossessor of händerpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
händerhandshända · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of darradePlural of hand; lemma mislabeled 'hända' but this is händer, 'hands'.
darradetrembleddarra · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with hadeavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking brådskabrådskahastebrådsk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of darradeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationivereagernessiv · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with brådskamedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ladedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ladeladelaidla · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on darrade"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
framforwardfram · adverbdepends on ladedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of ladepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking diskendiskenthe counterdisk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lade- 38
When the boy kept walking on, one of the merchants flung himself over the counter, caught up with him, and laid down before him silver cloth and woven tapestries that blazed with color.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fortforpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fortforfortforwent onfortfor · adverbadverbial clause on kastadeMistagged as adverb; this is the past tense of the verb 'fortfara', meaning 'continued/went on'.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gåinfinitive marker before a verb.
gågogå · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of fortforframåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies gåkastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of kastadeenoneman · determiner, common gender, singulardirect object of kastadeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking köpmännenköpmännenmerchantsköpmänn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies enöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking diskendiskenthe counterdisk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies köpmännensprangransprangma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kastadeLemma is corrupted; surfaces are only "sprang" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma.
fattcaught up withfatt · verb, active, infinitivesubject of spranghonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sprangochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationladelaidlägga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kastadenerdownner · adverbdepends on ladeframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ladesilvertygsilver clothsilvertyg · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of ladeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvävdawovenvävd · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with silvertygtapetertapestriestapet · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with silvertygsomthatsom · pronounsubject of stråladeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
stråladeshonestråla · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on tapeteravwithav · prepositionpreposition marking färgerfärgercolorsfärg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralagent of strålade The boy could not help laughing at him.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skrattakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skrattaintenotinte · particlemodifies skrattaannatanything elseannan · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase inteänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skrattaskrattalaughskratta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceåtatåt · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skrattaSurely the shopkeeper must understand that a poor wretch like him could not buy such things.
Krämarenthe shopkeeperkrämaren · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of begripamåttemustmåtte · adverbmodifies KrämarenModal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means "must"; the perfect sense ("must have") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain "must."
välsurelyväl · adverbmodifies begripabegripaunderstandbegripa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stackareenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stackarefattigpoorfattig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stackarestackarewretchstackare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of begripasomlikesom · pronounoblique complement of köpaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of köpaintenotinte · particlemodifies köpakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of köpaköpato buyköpa · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on stackaresådanasuchsån · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sakersakerthingssak · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of köpaHe stopped and held out his two empty hands, so that they would understand he owned nothing, and would leave him in peace.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stannadestannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhöllheldhålla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stannadeutoutut · adverbdepends on höllsinahissig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of händertvåtwotvå · numeral, nominativequantifies händertommaemptytom · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies händerhänderhappenshända · verb, present, indicative, activedirect object of höllförsoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of förståattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase fördetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of förståskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förståförståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stannadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ägdehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ägdeingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies ägdeägdeownedägde · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on förståochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlämnaleavelämna · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with ägdehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lämnaiini · prepositionpreposition marking fredfredpeacefred · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lämna- 39
But the merchant held up one finger, nodded, and pushed the whole pile of splendid goods toward him.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationköpmannenmerchantköpmann · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sträcktesträcktestretchedsträcka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceuppupupp · adverbdepends on sträckteettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of fingerfingerfingerfing · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sträckteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnickadenoddednicka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sträckteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskötpushedsköt · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sträckteframforwardfram · adverbdepends on skötmottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sköthelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies högenhögenpilehög · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sträckteavofav · prepositionpreposition marking varorhärligasplendidhärlig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies varorvarorgoodsvara · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies högen - 40
“Can he mean that he wants to sell all this for a single gold coin?” the boy wondered.
Kancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of menahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive menamenameanmena · verb, passive, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of säljahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of säljavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of säljasäljato sellsälja · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on menaalltallall · adverbdirect object of säljadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of säljaförforför · prepositionpreposition marking guldmyntettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of guldmyntguldmyntgold coinguldmynt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of säljaundradewonderedundra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undrade - 41
The merchant brought out a small, worn, and shabby coin, the meanest one could imagine, and showed it to him.
Köpmannenmerchantköpmann · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceframforwardfram · adverbdepends on togettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of litetlitetlittleliten · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies togslitetwornslit · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with litetochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåligtbaddålig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies myntmyntcoinmynt · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with litetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ringasteringastemeanestring · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies manmanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on togochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvisadeshowedvisa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of visadeförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of visade And he was so eager to make the sale that he added to his pile a couple of large, heavy silver goblets.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ivrigvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ivrigsåsoså · adverbmodifies ivrigivrigeagerivrig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of säljasäljato sellsälja · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on ivrigattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ökadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ökadeökadeaddedöka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on säljapåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking högsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of höghögpilehög · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ökademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking storaettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies storastorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies silverbägaretungaheavytung · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies silverbägaresilverbägaresilver gobletssilverbägare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of ökade- 42
Then the boy began to dig in his pockets.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadegrävadiggräva · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking fickorsinahissig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of fickorfickorpocketsficka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gräva He knew well enough that he did not own a single coin, but he could not help feeling around anyway.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenogwell enoughnog · adverbmodifies vissteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ägdehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ägdeintenotinte · particlemodifies ägdeägdeownedägde · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of vissteenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of slantendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativemodifies slantslantcoinslant · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ägdemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låtakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of låtaintenotinte · particlemodifies låtalåtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with ägdeblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låtaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kännainfinitive marker before a verb.
kännato feelkänna · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of bliefteraroundefter · prepositiondepends on känna- 43
All the other merchants stood watching to see how the deal would turn out, and when they noticed the boy starting to dig in his pockets, they flung themselves over their counters, took their hands full of gold and silver jewelry, and held them out to him.
Allaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of köpmännendetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of köpmännenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies köpmännenköpmännenmerchantsköpmänn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodostodostoodstodo · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasePast plural of stå ('to stand'); tagged as adjective.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförsöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodoatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on försöktehurhowhur · adverbmodifies avlöpahandelntradehandel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of avlöpaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of avlöpaavlöpato turn outavlöpa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of seochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of märktedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of märktemärktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with avlöpaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of börjadepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of märktegrävadiggräva · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking fickornafickornatheir pocketsfickore · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of grävakastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stododetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kastadesurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
sigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kastadeöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking diskarnadiskarnathe countersdiskare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kastadetogotooktogo · adverbmodifies fullaHistorical plural past form of ta, ‘take’.
händernathe handshänderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldepends on togofullafullfull · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kastadeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking guld-guld-goldguld · noun, common gendermodifies fullaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsilversmyckensilver jewelrysilversmycke · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with guld-ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbjödoofferedbjödo · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fullautoutut · adverbdepends on bjödodemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of bjödotilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bjödo And they all showed him that all they were asking in payment was just one single small coin.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationallaallall · pronoun, pluralsubject of visadevisadeshowedvisa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of visadesurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of visadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slantvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of begärdedetheyde · determiner, pluraldeterminer of begärdeThis type's own examples show 'de' used as the plain personal pronoun "they" (de voro ovanligt strävsamma = "they were unusually...") as often as the determiner "the" (de andra = "the others"); a fixed gloss of "the" mis-renders every pronoun occurrence.
begärdeasked forbegärde · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of slantPast-tense verb 'begärde' (asked for/demanded), mistagged as a noun.
iin paymenti · prepositionpreposition marking betalningbetalningpaymentbetalning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies begärdevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to slantbarajustbara · adverbmodifies slantenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singulardeterminer of slantendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativemodifies slantlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies slantslantcoinslant · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of visade- 44
But the boy turned both his vest and trouser pockets inside out, so they would see he owned nothing at all.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändevändeturnedvände · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceutoutut · adverbdepends on vändeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationininin · adverbdepends on vändepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking väst-bådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationväst-vestväst · noun, common genderoblique complement of vändeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbyxfickortrouser pocketsbyxficka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with väst-försoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of seattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase fördetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of seskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on vändeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ägdehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ägdeingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies ägdeägdeownedägde · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of se Then tears came to their eyes, all these splendid merchants who were so much richer than he.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies fingofingogotfingo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralhead of the phraseMistagged as a noun; fingo is the archaic plural past tense of få ("got/were given").
detheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of tårarnasurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
tårarnathe tearstårarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fingoiini · prepositionpreposition marking ögonenögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies tårarnaallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of köpmändessathesedenna · determiner, pluraldeterminer of köpmänståtligastatelyståtlig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies köpmänköpmänmerchantsköpman · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with tårarnasomwhosom · pronounsubject of voroThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
vorowerevoro · pronoun, pluralrelative clause on köpmänmistagged as a pronoun; this is the archaic plural past tense of vara 'to be'.
såsoså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies rikarerikarericherrik · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of voroänthanän · prepositionpreposition marking hanhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of voroHe was at last moved to see them looking so anxious, and he pondered whether there was no way he could help them.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies rördsistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase tillrördmovedrör · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevEmotionally moved/touched, not physically stirred.
övertoöver · prepositionintroduces the clause of sågoattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sågosågosawsågoa · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on rördLemma/tag are corrupted; sågo is the plural past tense of se ("saw"), not a noun or present tense.
såsoså · adverbmodifies ängsligaängsligaanxiousängslig · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of sågoutlookut · adverbdepends on sågoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of eftersinnadeeftersinnadeponderedeftersinna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blevomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hjälpahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hjälpaintenotinte · particlemodifies hjälpapåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättnågotanynågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hjälpakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hjälpahjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on eftersinnadedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of hjälpaAnd so he came to think of the corroded coin he had just seen on the shore.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåsoså · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tänkainfinitive marker before a verb.
tänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of kompåaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking slantendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of slantenärgigacorrodedärgig · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies slantenslantencoinslant · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tänkasomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of settThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settnyssjust nownyss · adverbmodifies setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supinerelative clause on slantenpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking strandenstrandenshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sett- 45
He set off running down the street, and luck was with him, so that he came to the very gate he had first happened upon.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gavgavset offge · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLight-verb idioms in the examples: "gav ... till ett klagoskrik" = let out a cry; "gav sig tid" = took the time — not literal "gave" in either case.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of gavtillofftill · prepositionintroduces the clause of springaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of springainfinitive marker before a verb.
springato runspringa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gavOne cited example uses the homograph springa "slit/crack" (a different noun); this type is the infinitive verb "to run".
framåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies springagatanstreetgata · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of springaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlyckanlucklycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of varsåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of komattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on vartilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking portsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of portportgateport · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komsomthatsom · pronoundirect object of råkatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkatförstfirstförst · adverbmodifies råkathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkatråkatcome uponråka · verb, active, supinein apposition to kompåuponpå · prepositionpreposition marking råkat He rushed through it and began searching for the little verdigris-green copper coin that had lain on the shore a little while before.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rusaderusaderushedrusa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of rusadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with rusadeletato searchleta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadeefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking kopparslantendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kopparslantenlillalittleliten · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies kopparslantenärggrönaverdigris-greenärggröen · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies kopparslantenkopparslantencopper coinkopparslant · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of letasomthatsom · pronounsubject of legatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of legatlegatlainlega · verb, active, supinerelative clause on kopparslantenSupine of 'ligga' (to lie); lemma should be 'ligga'.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking strandenstrandenshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of legatföragoför · prepositionpreposition marking stundenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of legatsedanthensedan · adverbdepends on stund- 46
He did indeed find it, but when he had picked it up and wanted to hurry back into the town with it, he saw only the sea before him.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannfannfoundfinna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of fannocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies riktigtmycketindeedmycket · adverbmodifies riktigtriktigtindeedriktig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies fannmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tagithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tagithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tagittagittakenta · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on såguppupupp · adverbdepends on tagitdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of tagitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skyndaskyndato hurryskynda · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with tagittillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies skyndainåtintoinåt · prepositionpreposition marking stadenstadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tillbakamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of tillbakasågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to fannpast tense of se, 'to see.'
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågendastonlyendast · adverbmodifies såghavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sågframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of såg No town wall, no gate, no guards, no streets, no houses were to be seen now — only the sea.
Ingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stadsmurstadsmurtown wallstadsmur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of syntesingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of portportgateport · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with stadsmuringano/noneingen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of väktareväktareguardsväktare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralin apposition to stadsmuringano/noneingen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of gatorgatorstreetsgata · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with väktareingano/noneingen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of hushushouseshus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with väktaresynteswere to be seensyntes · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies syntestillvisibletill · prepositiondepends on syntesutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
endastonlyendast · adverbmodifies havethavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with syntes- 47
The boy could not help it — tears came to his eyes.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hjälpakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hjälpaintenotinte · particlemodifies hjälpahjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fickhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickcamefå · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of hjälpatårarnatearståre · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of fickiini · prepositionpreposition marking ögonenögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of fick At first he had believed that what he saw was nothing but an illusion, but by now he had come to forget that.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trotthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trotttrottbelievedtrott · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceiati · prepositionpreposition marking börjanbörjanbeginningbörjan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of trottattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with såghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on trottintenotinte · particlemodifies synvillavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to synvillaannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase varänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase varenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of synvillasynvillaillusionsynvilla · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of sågmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of glömmahadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hunnithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hunnithunnithad time tohinna · verb, active, supineauxiliary of glömmaglömmato forgetglömma · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with synvillaHe had only thought about how beautiful everything was.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänktbarajustbara · adverbmodifies tänkttänktthoughttänka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencepåaboutpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of vackerthurhowhur · adverbmodifies vackertvackertbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on tänktalltingeverythingallting · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vackertvarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularmodifies vackertthe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
He felt truly deep sorrow that the town had vanished.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändekändefeltkäna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceriktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies djupdjupdeepdjup · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sorgsorgsorrowsorg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kändeöverthatöver · prepositionintroduces the clause of försvunnenattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of försvunnenstadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försvunnenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to försvunnenförsvunnenvanishedförsvunn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on kändePast participle of försvinna ('to vanish'); tagged as noun but functions adjectivally.
- 48
At that same moment Sir Ermenrich woke up and came over to him.
Iati · prepositionpreposition marking ögonblicksammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of ögonblickögonblickmomentögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of vaknadevaknadewoke upvakna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceherrSirherr · proper noun, nominativesubject of vaknadeErmenrichErmenrichErmenrich · proper noun, nominativedepends on herrochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vaknadeframforwardfram · adverbdepends on komtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kom But he did not hear him, so the stork had to nudge him with his beak to make himself noticed.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhörde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hördeintenotinte · particlemodifies hördeutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
storkenstorkstork · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stötamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of stötastötanudgestöta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with hördetilllightlytill · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stötamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking näbbennäbbenbeaknäbb · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stötaförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of göraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göramakegöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stötasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of görabemärktnoticedbemärkt · adverbmodifies göra“I think you're standing here asleep, same as I was,” said Sir Ermenrich.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stårduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of trorhärherehär · adverbmodifies stårochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsoversleepssova · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with stårduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stårsomassom · pronounintroduces the clause of jagThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of stårsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stårherrSirherr · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeErmenrichErmenrichErmenrich · proper noun, nominativedepends on herr- 49
“Oh, Sir Ermenrich!” said the boy.
Ackoh/ahAck · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of sadeInterjection 'ack', mistagged as a proper noun.
herrSirherr · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with AckErmenrichErmenrichErmenrich · proper noun, nominativedepends on herrsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade “What town was that, standing here just now?”
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on »varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to Vaddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of Vadförkind offör · prepositionpreposition marking stadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stadstadtownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Vadsomthatsom · pronounsubject of stodThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
nyssjust nownyss · adverbmodifies stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on stadhärherehär · adverbdepends on stod- 50
“Have you seen a town?” said the stork.
Harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of settduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settsettseense · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stadstadtownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of settsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencestorkenstorkstork · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade “You've been sleeping and dreaming, just as I said.”
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sovitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sovitsovitsleptsovit · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdrömtdreameddröma · verb, active, supinecoordinated with sovitsomassom · pronoundirect object of sägerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägersägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on drömt- 51
“No, I have not been dreaming,” said Thumbietot, and he told the stork everything he had experienced.
Nejnonej · interjectionhead of the phrasejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of drömtharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of drömtintenotinte · particlemodifies drömtdrömtdreameddröma · verb, active, supineparallel clause to Nejsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to NejTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadethe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of berättadeberättadetoldberätta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadeförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking storkenstorkenstorkstork · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of berättadeallteverythingallt · adverbmodifies berättadevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of upplevathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on vadupplevatexperiencedupplevat · verb, active, supinein apposition to sade - 52
Then Sir Ermenrich said: “For my own part, Thumbietot, I believe you have fallen asleep here on the shore and dreamed all this.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceherrSirherr · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeErmenrichErmenrichErmenrich · proper noun, nominativedepends on herrJagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trorförforför · prepositionpreposition marking delminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of delpossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
delpartdel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies JagTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with delthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
trorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fallitduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fallitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fallitfallitfallenfalla · verb, active, supineclausal complement of troriintoi · prepositionpreposition marking sömnsömnsleepsömn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fallithärherehär · adverbmodifies fallitpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking strandenstrandenshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of härochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdrömtdreameddröma · verb, active, supinecoordinated with fallitalltallallt · adverbdeterminer of dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of drömt But I don't want to hide from you that Bataki the raven, who is the most learned of all birds, once told me that long ago a town called Vineta stood on this very shore.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of döljavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of döljaintenotinte · particlemodifies döljadöljato hidedölja · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceförfromför · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of döljaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of berättatBatakiBatakiBataki · proper noun, nominativesubject of berättatkorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Batakisomwhosom · pronounsubject of lärdasteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to lärdastedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lärdastelärdastemost learnedlärd · adjective, nominative, superlativerelative clause on Batakiavofav · prepositionpreposition marking fåglarallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fåglarfåglarbirdsfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies lärdasteenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to Batakiharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of berättatberättattoldberätta · verb, active, supineclausal complement of döljaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of berättatatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of legatinfinitive marker before a verb.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking strandendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of strandenhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase denstrandenshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of legatförrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies strandeniini · prepositionpreposition marking världenvärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förrharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of legatlegatlainlegat · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on berättatenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stadstadtownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of legatsomthatsom · pronounsubject of passive kalladesThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kalladeswas calledkallaa · verb, past, indicative, passiverelative clause on stadSurface kallades, passive past of kalla, 'to call/name'.
VinetaVinetaVineta · proper noun, nominativedirect object of kalladesIt was so rich and happy that no town has ever been more splendid, but unfortunately its inhabitants gave themselves over to arrogance and a love of pomp.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of rikvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to riksåsoså · adverbmodifies rikrikrichrik · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlycklighappylycklig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with rikattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of härligareingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stadstadtownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of härligarenågonsinevernågonsin · adverbmodifies härligareharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of härligarevaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to härligarehärligaremore splendidhärlig · adjective, nominative, comparativeadverbial clause on rikmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdessitsden · pronounpossessor of invånarech03-p50 example 'sedan dess' means 'since then', not possessive 'its' — pinning the gloss to 'its' teaches a lie for that collocation.
invånareinhabitantsinvånare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hängavhängavgave themselves overhängava · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with riksigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of hängavolyckligtvisunfortunatelyolyckligtvis · adverbmodifies hängavåttoåt · prepositionpreposition marking övermodövermodarroganceövermod · adverboblique complement of hängavochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpraktlystnadlove of pomppraktlystnad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with övermodAs punishment for this, Bataki says, the town of Vineta was overwhelmed by a storm flood and sunk into the sea.
Tillastill · prepositionpreposition marking straffstraffpunishmentstraff · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sägerförforför · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies straffsägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceBatakiBatakibataki · proper noun, nominativesubject of sägerblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to sägerstadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevVinetaVinetaVineta · proper noun, nominativecomplement of blevöversvämmadfloodedöversvämma · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking stormflodenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stormflodstormflodstorm surgestormflod · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnersänktsunknersänkt · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with bleviintoi · prepositionpreposition marking havethavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of nersänktBut its inhabitants cannot die, and neither can their town be destroyed.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdessitsden · pronounpossessor of invånarech03-p50 example 'sedan dess' means 'since then', not possessive 'its' — pinning the gloss to 'its' teaches a lie for that collocation.
invånareinhabitantsinvånare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of dökancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of döintenotinte · particlemodifies dödöto diedö · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies förstöreshellereitherheller · adverbmodifies förstöresförstöresis destroyedförstöre · verb, passive, infinitivecoordinated with döderastheirde · pronounpossessor of stadpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
stadtownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of förstöresAnd one night every hundred years it rises up out of the sea in all its splendor, and lies on the earth's surface for exactly one hour.”
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of nattnattnightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stigervartwherevart · adverbmodifies stigerhundradehundredthhundra · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies åråryearsår · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of stigerstigerrisesstiga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of stigeriini · prepositionpreposition marking praktallallall · determiner, common gender, singularpart of the phrase isinitssig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of praktpraktsplendorprakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stigeruppupupp · adverbmodifies stigerurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking havethavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of uppochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationliggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with stigerpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking jordytanjordytansurface of the earthjordyta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of jämntjämntexactlyjämn · adverbmodifies liggerenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of timmetimmehourtimme · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ligger- 53
“Yes, that must be how it is,” said Thumbietot, “for this is what I have seen.”
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on varasåthatså · adverbadverbial clause on varamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varavarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on settTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadethe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
förforför · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of sadeharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of settjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settsettseense · verb, active, supineparallel clause to vara - 54
“But when the hour is over, it sinks back into the sea again, unless a merchant in Vineta has in the meantime managed to sell something to a living creature.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ärtimmenhourtimme · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sjunkerförbipastförbi · adverbmodifies ärsjunkersinkssjunka · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on säljadenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of sjunkernerdownner · adverbdepends on sjunkeriintoi · prepositionpreposition marking havethavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of nerigenagainigen · adverbdepends on sjunkeromifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of köpmanintenotinte · particlemodifies köpmanenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of köpmanköpmanmerchantköpman · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on sjunkeriini · prepositionpreposition marking VinetaVinetaVinetaVineta · proper noun, nominativemodifies köpmanunderin the meantimeunder · prepositionpreposition marking tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of köpmanharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of säljafåttmanaged tofå · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of sälja"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
säljato sellsälja · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencenågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of säljatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking varelseenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of varelselevandelivinglevande · adjective, nominativemodifies varelsevarelsecreaturevarelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sälja If you, Thumbietot, had only had even the smallest coin to pay the merchants, Vineta would have been allowed to remain here on the shore, and its people would have been allowed to live and die like other people.”
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of Tummetottduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of TummetottTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativeadverbial clause on haftthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
barajustbara · adverbmodifies hafthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on liggaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of aldrigaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies haftsåevenså · adverbmodifies litenlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies slantslantcoinslant · adverbdirect object of haftatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of betalainfinitive marker before a verb.
betalato paybetala · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying slantköpmännenmerchantsköpmänn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of betalahadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of liggaVinetaVinetaVineta · proper noun, nominativesubject of liggafåttbeen allowedfå · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of ligga"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
liggato lieligga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencekvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on liggahärherehär · adverbmodifies liggapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking strandenstrandenshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of härochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdessitsden · pronounpossessor of människorch03-p50 example 'sedan dess' means 'since then', not possessive 'its' — pinning the gloss to 'its' teaches a lie for that collocation.
människorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of levahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of levafåttbeen allowedfå · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of leva"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
levato liveleva · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with liggaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdöto diedö · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with levasomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of människorandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcomplement of dö- 55
“Sir Ermenrich,” said the boy, “now I understand why you came and fetched me in the middle of the night.
HerrSirHerr · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeTitle before Ermenrich's name.
ErmenrichErmenrichErmenrich · proper noun, nominativedepends on Herrsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on förstårpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadenunownu · adverbmodifies förstårförstårunderstand(s)förstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstårvarförwhyvarför · adverbmodifies komniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
komcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of förstårochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhämtadefetchedhämta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kommigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of kommittin the middlemitt · adverbmodifies komiamidi · prepositionpreposition marking nattennattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kom It was because you believed I might be able to save the old town.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedärförbecausedärför · adverbmodifies varattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of troddeniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of troddesecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
troddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of varattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of frälsajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frälsaskullemightskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of frälsakunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of frälsafrälsasavefrälsa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of vardenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stadengamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies stadenstadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of frälsaI am so sorry that it did not turn out as you wished, Sir Ermenrich.”
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ledsenärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to ledsensåsoså · adverbmodifies ledsenledsensadledse · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseLemma normalized to older form 'ledse'; modern spelling is 'ledsen'.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gickdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gickintenotinte · particlemodifies gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ledsensomassom · pronounintroduces the clause of villeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villesecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
villewantedvilja · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gickherrSirherr · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with gickErmenrichErmenrichErmenrich · proper noun, nominativedepends on herr- 56
He put his hands over his eyes and wept.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattesatteputsata · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehändernathe handshänderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of satteföroverför · prepositionpreposition marking ögonenögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of satteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgrätweptgrät · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sattemistagged as a noun; it is the past tense of 'gråta' (to weep).
It was hard to say who looked the more grieved, the boy or Sir Ermenrich.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies vargottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies varatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sägainfinitive marker before a verb.
sägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on varvemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singulardepends on sågsomwhosom · pronounsubject of sågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
sågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of sägapast tense of se, 'to see.'
mestmoremycket · adverbmodifies bedrövadbedrövaddistressedbedrövad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of sågutlookut · adverbdepends on sågpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sågelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationherrSirherr · adjectivecoordinated with pojkenErmenrichErmenrichErmenrich · proper noun, nominativedepends on herr- 57
On the afternoon of Easter Monday, the wild geese and Thumbietot were out flying.
AnnandagEaster MondayAnnandag · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasepåskEasterpåsk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies Annandagpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking eftermiddageneftermiddagenafternooneftermiddag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Annandagvorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, singularlinks the coordinationPast plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective.
vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Annandagattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Annandagthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
uteoutsideute · adverbmodifies Tummetottpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking flyktflyktflightflykt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Tummetott They flew on over Gotland.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of foroSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
forotraveledforo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralhead of the phraseArchaic plural past tense of fara ("to go/travel"), not a noun; the parser mistagged it.
framforwardfram · adverbmodifies foroöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking GottlandGottlandGotlandGottland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of framOlder spelling of Gotland.
- 58
The great island lay flat and smooth beneath them.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of önstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies önweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
önthe islandön · proper nounsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejämneven/smoothjämn · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslätsmoothslät · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with jämnunderbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of låg The ground was checkered just as in Skåne, and there was no shortage of either churches or farms.
Markengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rutigvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to rutigrutigcheckeredrutig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasealldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies rutigsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of Skåneiini · prepositionpreposition marking SkåneSkåneSkåneSkåne · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of alldelesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativecoordinated with rutigexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
gottno shortagegod · adverbmodifies fannsomofom · prepositiondepends on fannsbådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkyrkorchurcheskyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of fannsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgårdarfarmsgård · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with kyrkorBut there was this difference, that more leafy meadows lay between the fields here, and the farms were not built around a courtyard.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of skillnadenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to skillnadendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skillnadenskillnadendifferenceskillnad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lövängardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of lövängarlåglayligga · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lövängarmistagged as adjective; the surface 'låg' here is the past tense of ligga 'to lie', not the unrelated adjective låg 'low'.
fleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies lövängarlövängarleafy meadowslöväng · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralclause modifying skillnadenmellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking fältenfältenfieldsfält · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies lövängarhärherehär · adverbmodifies lövängarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåalsoså · adverbmodifies kringbyggdavorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralpart of the phrase såarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
intenotinte · particlemodifies kringbyggdagårdarnathe farmsgårdarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kringbyggdakringbyggdabuilt around a courtyardkringbyggd · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with lövängarAnd there were no great manors at all, with old, tower-crowned castles and sprawling parks.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of herrgårdarstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies herrgårdarherrgårdarmanor housesherrgård · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fannsmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking slottgamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies slotttornpryddaturretedtornprydd · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with gamlaslottcastlesslott · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies herrgårdarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvidsträcktasprawlingvidsträckt · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies parkerparkerparkspark · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with slottfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsallsat allalls · adverbmodifies fannsintenotinte · particlemodifies fanns- 59
The wild geese had taken the route over Gotland for Thumbietot's sake.
Vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässen · proper noun, nominativesubject of tagithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tagittagittakenta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencevägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tagitöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking GottlandGottlandGotlandGottland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of tagitOlder spelling of Gotland.
förforför · prepositionpreposition marking TummetottsTummetottsThumbietot'sTummetotts · nounoblique complement of tagitskullsakeskull · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on Tummetottsonly occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'.
For two days now he had been quite unlike himself and had not spoken a single cheerful word.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitnunownu · adverbmodifies varitifori · prepositionpreposition marking dagartvåtwotvå · numeral, nominativequantifies dagardagardaysdag · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of varitalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies olikolikunlikeolik · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of varitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies sagtsagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supinecoordinated with olikettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ordglattgladglatt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ordordwordord · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sagtIt came from the fact that he thought only of that town, which had shown itself to him in such a strange way.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of komdäravfrom the factdärav · adverbmodifies komattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tänktehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktebarajustbara · adverbmodifies tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on kompåaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking dendenaen · determiner, common gender, singularoblique complement of tänktedärtheredär · adverbmodifies stadenstadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of tänktesomwhichsom · pronounsubject of visatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sättsåsuchså · adverbmodifies besynnerligtbesynnerligtstrangebesynnerlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of visathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of visatvisatshownvisa · verb, active, supinerelative clause on stadensigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of visatförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of visatHe had never seen anything so beautiful and splendid, and he could not reconcile himself to not having been able to save it.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies settsettseense · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencenågotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardirect object of settsåsoså · adverbmodifies vackertvackertbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of settochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpräktigtsplendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with vackertochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förlikakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förlikaintenotinte · particlemodifies förlikaförlikareconcile oneselfförlika · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with settsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of förlikamedwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of fåttattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåtthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåttintenotinte · particlemodifies fåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttfåttbeen able tofå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on förlikaräddato saverädd · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fåttdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of fåttHe was not otherwise soft-hearted, but he truly grieved over the beautiful buildings and the splendid people.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blödigvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to blödigintenotinte · particlemodifies blödigblödigsoft-heartedblödig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseavby natureav · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of blödigannarsotherwiseannars · adverbmodifies blödigmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sörjderiktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies sörjdesörjdegrievedsörjde · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with blödigöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking byggnadernadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of byggnadernaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
skönabeautifulskön · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies byggnadernabyggnadernabuildingsbyggnad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sörjdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of människornaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
ståtligastatelyståtlig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies människornamänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with byggnaderna- 60
Both Akka and the gander had tried to convince Thumbietot that he had merely had a dream or an illusion, but the boy would not hear of any such thing.
Bådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of söktproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with Akkamorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of söktsöktsoughtsöka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceövertygaconvinceövertyga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of söktTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativedirect object of söktthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supineclause modifying Tummetottuteoutsideute · adverbmodifies varitförhadför · prepositionpreposition marking drömenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of drömdrömdreamdröm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of varitelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of synvillasynvillaillusionsynvilla · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with drömmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höravillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of höraintenotinte · particlemodifies hörahörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with söktpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking sådantnågotanynågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sådantsådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of höra He was so certain that he had truly seen what he had seen that no one could shake him from this conviction.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vissvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to visssåsoså · adverbmodifies vissvisscertain/sureviss · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseomthatom · prepositionintroduces the clause of settattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of setthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settverkligenreallyverkligen · adverbmodifies setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on vissvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of setthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settsettseense · verb, active, supinerelative clause on vadattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of rubbaingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of rubbakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of rubbarubbashakerubba · verb, active, infinitivedepends on vadhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of rubbafrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking övertygelsedennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of övertygelseövertygelseconvictionövertygelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rubbaHe went about so grieved that his traveling companions grew worried about him.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies bedrövadsåsoså · adverbpart of the phrase omkringbedrövaddistressedbedrövad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of gickattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blevohanshishan · pronounpossessor of reskamraterreskamratertraveling companionsreskamrat · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of blevoblevobecameblevo · adverbadverbial clause on gickArchaic plural past tense of bli ("to become"), not an adverb; the parser mistagged it.
oroligauneasyorolig · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of blevoföraboutför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of oroliga- 61
Just when the boy was most downcast, old Kaksi had come back to the flock.
Justjustjust · adverbmodifies vardåwhendå · adverbmodifies varpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hadesomat hissom · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase varmestmostmycket · adverbmodifies nedslagennedslagendowncastnedslag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies varMislabeled as a noun; nedslagen is the adjective "downcast/dejected".
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of Kaksigamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies KaksiKaksiKaksiKaksi · proper noun, nominativesubject of kommitName of one of the wild geese.
kommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencetillbakabacktillbaka · adverbdepends on kommittilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking flockenflockenflockflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommit She had been blown toward Gotland and had had to travel across the whole island before she learned from some crows that her companions were on Lilla Karlsön.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · auxiliary verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencekastadblownkastad · verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominativecomplement of blivitmottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking GottlandGottlandGotlandGottland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of kastadOlder spelling of Gotland.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blivitmåsthad tomåst · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of resaresato travelresa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of blivitöveracrossöver · prepositionpreposition marking önhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies önönthe islandön · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of resainnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hörahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höraavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking kråkornågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of kråkorkråkorcrowskråka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies honhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörafåttlearnedfå · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of höra"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
hörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on resaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of befunnoreskamraternatraveling companionsreskamrat · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of befunnobefunnowere (located)befunno · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on resaArchaic plural past tense of befinna sig (they found themselves), not an adjective.
sigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of befunnopåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking KarlsönLillaLittleLilla · proper noun, nominativemodifies KarlsönPart of the place name 'Lilla Karlsön' (Little Karlsö).
KarlsönKarlsönKarlsön · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of befunnoWhen Kaksi learned what ailed Thumbietot, she suddenly said:
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vetaKaksiKaksiKaksi · proper noun, nominativesubject of vetaName of one of the wild geese.
ficklearnedfå · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vetavetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sadevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on feladessomwhatsom · pronounsubject of feladesThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
feladesailedfelaa · verb, past, indicative, passiveclausal complement of vetaTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativedirect object of feladesthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies plötsligtplötsligtsuddenlyplötslig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sade- 62
“If Thumbietot is grieving over an old town, then we can comfort him soon enough.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sörjerTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativesubject of sörjerthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
sörjergrievingsörja · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on tröstaöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking stadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stadgammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stadstadtownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sörjersåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on tröstakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tröstaviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of tröstasnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies tröstatröstacomforttrösta · adjective, nominative, singularhead of the phrasehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of trösta Just come along, and I'll take you all to a place I saw yesterday!
KomcomeKom · verb, imperative, activedepends on förabarajustbara · adverbmodifies Kommedwithmed · prepositiondepends on Komsåandså · adverbadverbial clause on föraskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of förajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of föraföratakeföra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceeryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of föraObject form er of the plural/formal pronoun ni.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking platsenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of platsplatsplaceplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förasomthatsom · pronoundirect object of sågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on platspast tense of se, 'to see.'
iyesterdayi · prepositionmodifies såggåryesterdaygå · adverbmodifies sågHe won't need to be sad much longer.”
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of längeskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of längeintenotinte · particlemodifies längelängemuch longerlänge · adverbhead of the phrasebehövaneedbehöva · verb, active, infinitivedepends on längeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bedrövadinfinitive marker before a verb.
varabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to bedrövadbedrövaddistressedbedrövad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on länge- 63
Thereupon the geese had taken leave of the sheep, and now they were on their way to the place Kaksi wanted to show Thumbietot.
Därpåthen/after thatdärpå · adverbsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tagitgässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadegässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
tagittakenta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencefarvälfarewellfarväl · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tagitavofav · prepositionpreposition marking fårenfårenthe sheepfår · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies farvälochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies vorovorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, singularcoordinated with tagitPast plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of voropåonpå · prepositionmodifies devägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase påtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ställedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ställeställeplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies desomthatsom · pronoundirect object of visaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
KaksiKaksiKaksi · proper noun, nominativesubject of visaName of one of the wild geese.
villewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of visavisato showvisa · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on ställeTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativedirect object of visathe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
Sorrowful as he was, he could not help, as usual, looking down at the land he was flying over.
Såasså · adverbmodifies sorgsensorgsensorrowfulsorgs · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sorgsenänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varvarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularadverbial clause on sorgsenthe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
kundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of låtahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låtaintenotinte · particlemodifies låtalåtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to sorgsenblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låtaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tittasomassom · pronounsubject of tittaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
vanligtusualvanlig · adverbmodifies tittaAppears in the fixed phrase 'som vanligt' (as usual).
tittato looktitta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on låtanerdownner · adverbdepends on tittapåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of tittasomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of tittaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of överforwas flyingfor · prepositionmodifies överPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
framforwardfram · adverbpart of the phrase foröveroveröver · prepositionpart of the phrase som- 64
He thought it looked as if the whole island had originally been just such a high, steep cliff as Karlsön, though of course much larger.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of tycktepast tense of se, 'to see.'
utlookut · adverbdepends on sågsomas ifsom · pronounsubject of sådanThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · prepositionpreposition marking önhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies önönthe islandön · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sådanfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking börjanbörjanbeginningbörjan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies önskullehadskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sådanhahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of sådanvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to sådanenaen · determiner, common gender, singularintroduces the clause of sådansådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on tycktesån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
därtheredär · adverbmodifies höghögtallhög · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sådanbrantsteepbrant · adverbmodifies klippaAlso used as a noun for 'a steep slope' in some occurrences.
klippacliffklippa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with högTwo of the four example sentences (ch13-p37-s2 'Den bestod av en enda väldig klippa' and ch14-p64-s1 'hög, brant klippa') use the unrelated homograph noun klippa ('cliff/rock'), not this verb 'to clip.' Do not gloss those occurrences as 'to clip' — the verb sense only fits ch03-p57-s2 and ch03-p57-s4.
somassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of KarlsönKarlsönKarlsönKarlsön · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with högfastthoughfast · adverbmodifies störremycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies störrestörrebiggerstor · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies förståsförståsof courseförstås · adverbmodifies tyckte But then it had somehow been flattened out.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsedanthensedan · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitdeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of blivitpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättnågotsomenågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceutplattadflattened oututplattad · verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominativecomplement of blivitSomeone had taken a great rolling pin and rolled it flat, as if it had been a piece of dough.
Någonsomeonenågon · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of tagithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tagittagittakentaga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tagitkavlerolling pinkavle · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on tagitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkavlatrolled flatkavlaa · verb, active, supinecoordinated with tagitöverflatöver · prepositiondepends on kavlatdeniten · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of kavlatsomas ifsom · pronounsubject of degThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of degdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of deghadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of degvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to degettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of styckestyckepiecestycke · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies degdegdoughdeg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on denNot that it had become perfectly flat and smooth like a loaf of bread — it certainly had not.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies blivitförbecauseför · prepositionintroduces the clause of blivitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivitdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencealldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies jämnjämneven/smoothjämn · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies brödkakaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslätsmoothslät · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with jämnsomlikesom · prepositionpreposition marking brödkakaFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of brödkakabrödkakaloaf of breadbrödkaka · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on hadedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to blivitdenaen · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of hadevisstcertainlyviss · adverbmodifies hadesurface visst here is the adverb 'certainly/surely', not the adjective viss 'certain'.
intenotinte · particlemodifies visstWhile they had been flying along the coast, he had seen in several places high, white limestone walls with caves and sea-stacks, but in most places these had been worn away, and the shore sank inconspicuously down toward the sea.
Medanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of faritdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of farithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of faritfarittraveledfara · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hadeutmedalongutmed · prepositionpreposition marking kustenkustencoastkust · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of farithadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadepåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking hållfleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hållhålldirectionshåll · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of hadesettseense · verb, active, supinecomplement of hadehögatallhög · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of hadevitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kalkväggarkalkväggarlimestone wallskalkvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of hademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking grottorgrottorcavesgrotta · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies kalkväggarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationraukarsea stacksrauk · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with hadeA rauk is a freestanding limestone sea stack, especially characteristic of Gotland.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking ställendetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ställenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
flestamostmången · adjective, nominative, plural, superlativemodifies ställenställenplacesställe · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of vorovorowerevoro · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activedepends on utplånadeArchaic plural past tense of vara ("to be").
detheyen · determiner, pluralsubject of utplånadeSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
utplånadeworn awayutplånad · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with raukarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstrandenshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sjönksjönksanksjönk · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hadeoansenliginconspicuouslyoansenlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies nernerdownner · adverbmodifies sjönkmottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking havethavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ner- 65
On Gotland they had a beautiful, peaceful holiday afternoon.
Påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking GottlandGottlandGotlandGottland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of hadeOlder spelling of Gotland.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vackervackerbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies helgdagseftermiddagochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfridfullpeacefulfridfull · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with vackerhelgdagseftermiddagholiday afternoonhelgdagseftermiddag · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hade A mild spring weather prevailed; the trees had large buds, spring flowers dressed the ground in the leafy meadows, the poplars' long, thin catkins swayed, and in the small gardens by every cottage the gooseberry bushes stood entirely green.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with rådderåddeprevailedrå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of vårväderljumtmildljumt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies vårvädervårväderspring weathervårväder · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of råddeträdentreeträd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadeträd is an invariant noun (same form singular and plural); the definite plural träden means "the trees."
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on vårväderstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies knopparknopparbudsknopp · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hadevårblommorspring flowersvårblomma · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with vårväderkläddecoveredkläda · verb, past, indicative, activecomplement of råddemarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kläddeiini · prepositionpreposition marking lövängarnalövängarnathe leafy meadowslövängare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies markenpopplarnasthe poplars'popplarnas · noun, genitive, common gender, pluralpossessor of hängenlångalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hängentunnathintunn · adjective, nominative, singularcoordinated with långahängencatkinshäng · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with kläddesvajadeswayedsvaja · verb, past, indicative, activemodifies hängenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiini · prepositionpreposition marking trädgårdarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of trädgårdarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
småsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies trädgårdarnaträdgårdarnathe gardensträdgårdarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with kläddesomthatsom · pronounsubject of funnosThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
funnosexistedfunnos · proper noun, nominativerelative clause on trädgårdarnaOld plural past tense of 'finnas' (to exist/be found), mistagged as a proper noun.
vidbyvid · prepositionpreposition marking stugavarwasvara · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stugamistagged as a determiner; the surface 'var' here is the past tense of vara 'to be'.
stugacottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies funnosstodostoodstodo · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with råddekrusbärsbuskarnathe gooseberry busheskrusbärsbuskarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of stodoalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies grönagrönagreengrön · adjective, nominative, pluraloblique complement of stodo- 66
The warmth and the budding of spring had lured people out onto roads and farmyards, and wherever a few of them were gathered, they were busy playing games.
Värmenthe warmthvärm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lockatLemma should be 'värme'; the surfaces are inflected forms of that noun.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvårknoppningenthe spring buddingvårknoppning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lockathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lockatlockatluredlocka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceutoutut · adverbdepends on lockatmänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of lockatpåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking vägarvägarroadsväg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of lockatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgårdarfarmsgård · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with vägarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarhelstwherevervarhelst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies någraMistagged as a noun; varhelst is a conjunction/adverb meaning 'wherever'.
någrasomenågon · pronoun, pluralcoordinated with lockatavofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies någravorowerevoro · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activedepends on samladeArchaic plural past tense of vara ("to be").
samladegatheredsamla · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies någrahöllowere busyhöllo · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lockatdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of höllopåbusypå · prepositionintroduces the clause of lekaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of lekainfinitive marker before a verb.
lekato playleka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on höllo It was not only the children who played, but the grown-ups too.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies varallenastonlyallenast · adverbmodifies barnenAn archaic or formal word for only.
barnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of varsomwhosom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of lektelekteplayedleka · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on barnenutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
ocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies vuxnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vuxnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vuxnagrown-upvuxen · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with varThey threw stones at targets, and they struck balls up into the air with such fine bats that they almost reached the wild geese.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kastadekastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetillattill · prepositionpreposition marking stenarmålsat targetsmåls · adverbpart of the phrase tillmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking stenarstenarstonessten · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kastadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of slogoslogostruckslogo · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with kastadeArchaic plural preterite of slå; tagged present but functions as past tense.
bollarballsboll · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of slogouppupupp · adverbmodifies slogoiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uppmedwithmed · prepositionmodifies slogosåsuchså · adverbmodifies grannagrannasplendidgrann · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lyrorFunctions as the adjective 'grann' (fine/splendid), mistagged as a noun.
lyrorhigh ballslyra · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of slogoHere lyra means a ball hit high into the air, not a bat or the musical instrument.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of nåddedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of nåddenästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies nåddenåddereachednå · verb, past, indicative, activeclause modifying lyrortilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nåddeattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
It looked merry and pleasant to see grown people playing, and the boy would surely have taken delight in it if he had been able to forget his grief over not having been able to save the old town.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemuntertmerrymuntert · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtrevligtpleasanttrevlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with muntertutlookut · adverbcoordinated with muntertatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sågstortgrownstor · adverbmodifies folkAdverbial use of stor ('big'); e.g. 'inte stort' = 'not much'.
folkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of selekato playleka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of seochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hanogsurelynog · adverbmodifies hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sågglattgladglatt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of haåtinåt · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of haomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of glömmahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of glömmahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of glömmakunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of glömmaglömmato forgetglömma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hasinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of harmharmgriefharm · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of glömmaöveroveröver · prepositionintroduces the clause of räddaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of räddahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räddaintenotinte · particlemodifies räddahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of räddakunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of räddaräddato saverädda · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on glömmadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stadengamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies stadenstadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of rädda- 67
Still, he had to admit that this was a beautiful journey.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of erkännamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of erkännaändåstilländå · adverbmodifies erkännaerkännato admiterkänna · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of färddettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of färdvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to färdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of färdvackerbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies färdfärdjourneyfärd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of erkänna There was so much song and sound in the air.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
såsoså · adverbmodifies fannsmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies fannssångsongsång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationljudsoundljud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with sångiini · prepositionpreposition marking luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ljudSmall children played a ring game and sang along.
SmåsmallSmå · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies barnbarnchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of lektelekteplayedleka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ringlekringlekcircle gameringlek · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lekteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsjöngosangsjöngo · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with ringlekOld plural past tense of 'sjunga' (to sing), mistagged as an adjective.
tillalongtill · prepositionpreposition marking lekteAnd the Salvation Army was out.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfrälsningsarménthe Salvation Armyfrälsningsarmén · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceuteoutsideute · adverbmodifies varHe saw a whole crowd of people, dressed in black and red, sitting on a wooded slope playing guitars and brass instruments.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hophelwholehel · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hophopcrowdhop · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies människorch22-p80-s4 'en hop trassliga trådar' is a mass/heap of threads, not a crowd.
människorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sågkläddadressedklädda · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with sågiini · prepositionpreposition marking svartsvartblacksvar · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kläddaThe lemma should be svart ("black"); the parser mistagged the surface "svart" under the noun svar ("answer").
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationröttredrött · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with svartsittato sitsitta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sågiini · prepositionpreposition marking skogsbackeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skogsbackeskogsbackewooded hillsideskogsbacke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sittaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationspelaplayspela · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sittapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking gitarrergitarrerguitarsgitarrer · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of spelaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmässingsinstrumentbrass instrumentsmässingsinstrument · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with gitarrerAlong a road came a large crowd of people.
Påalongpå · prepositionpreposition marking vägenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vägvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skarastorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies skaraskaraflockskara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of komThey were temperance-society members who had been on an outing.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of godtemplarevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to godtemplaregodtemplaretemperance membersgodtemplare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasesomwhosom · pronounsubject of lustfärdThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lustfärdvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to lustfärdpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking lustfärdlustfärdoutinglustfärd · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on godtemplareHe recognized them by the large banners with gold inscriptions waving over them.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändekändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceigenagainigen · adverbdepends on kändedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of kändepåbypå · prepositionpreposition marking fanornadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fanornaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
storabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fanornafanornathe bannersfana · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kändemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking guldinskrifternaguldinskrifternathe gold inscriptionsguldinskrifterna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies fanornasomthatsom · pronounsubject of svajadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
svajadeswayedsvaja · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on guldinskrifternaöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of svajadeAnd song after song they sang, for as long as he could hear them.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsångsongsång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasepåafterpå · prepositionpreposition marking sjöngosångsongsång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sjöngosjöngosangsjöngo · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sångOld plural past tense of 'sjunga' (to sing), mistagged as an adjective.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldepends on sjöngosåasså · adverbmodifies längelängefor as long aslänge · adverbmodifies sjöngosomassom · pronoundirect object of höraThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörahörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on sjöngodemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of höra- 68
The boy could never afterward think of Gotland without at the same time thinking of games and songs.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänkaaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies tänkasedanthensedan · adverbmodifies tänkatänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencepåaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking GottlandGottlandGotlandGottland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of tänkaOlder spelling of Gotland.
utanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of tänkaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tänkainfinitive marker before a verb.
påatpå · prepositionpreposition marking gångsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of gånggångtimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tänkatänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tänkapåaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking lekarlekargameslek · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of tänkaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsångersongssånger · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with lekar - 69
For a long while he had sat looking down, but now he happened to lift his eyes.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundlånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of suttithadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of suttithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of suttitsuttitsatsutta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceArchaic spelling of suttit, the supine of sitta ("to sit").
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsettseense · verb, active, supinecoordinated with suttitnerdownner · adverbdepends on settmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies råkaderåkadehappened toråka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with suttithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of lyftainfinitive marker before a verb.
lyftato liftlyfta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on råkadeögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of lyfta No one could describe how astonished he became.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of beskrivakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of beskrivaingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of beskrivabeskrivato describebeskriva · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencehurhowhur · adverbmodifies häpenhäpenastonishedhäp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of blevPredicate adjective häpen ('astonished'); tagged as noun.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of beskrivaWithout his having noticed it, the geese had left the interior of the island and flown westward toward the coast.
Utanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of märktattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of märkthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märkthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of märktmärktnoticedmärka · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hadedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of märkthadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadegässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
lämnatleftlämna · verb, active, supinecomplement of hadedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of inreinreinnerinre · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of lämnatavofav · prepositionpreposition marking önönthe islandön · noun, common gendermodifies inreochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfaritflownfarit · verb, active, supinecoordinated with lämnatch21-p8-s2 refers specifically to geese having flown westward; the generic proposed sense 'gone' discards the motion expressed in the studio translation. ch25-p44-s2 is 'escaped'.
västerutwestwardvästerut · adverbmodifies faritmottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking kustenkustencoastkust · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of faritNow the wide, blue sea lay before him.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetaen · determiner, neuter, singularsubject of lågvidawidevid · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies lågblåblueblå · adjective, nominative, singularcoordinated with vidahavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of lågframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågBut it was not the sea that was remarkable, but a town that rose up on the seashore.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of havetvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to havetintenotinte · particlemodifies havethavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounsubject of märkvärdigtThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to märkvärdigtmärkvärdigtremarkablemärkvärdig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on havetutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionpreposition marking stadfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stadstadtownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with märkvärdigtsomthatsom · pronounsubject of resteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
resteroseresa · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on stadsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of restepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking havsstrandenhavsstrandenthe seashorehavsstrande · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of reste- 70
The boy was coming from the east, and the sun had begun to sink toward the west.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceösterifrånfrom the eastösterifrån · adverbmodifies komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsolensunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of börjatbörjatbegunbörja · verb, active, supinecoordinated with komsjunkato sinksjunka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjatmottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking västervästerwestväster · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sjunka As he drew near the town, its walls and towers and tall gabled houses and churches stood quite black against the bright evening sky.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of närmadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of närmadenärmadeapproachednärma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of närmadestadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of närmadestodostoodstodo · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularcoordinated with närmadeHistorical plural past form of stå.
dessitsden · pronounpossessor of murarch03-p50 example 'sedan dess' means 'since then', not possessive 'its' — pinning the gloss to 'its' teaches a lie for that collocation.
murarwallsmur · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of stodoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtorntowerstor · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with murarPlural of torn ('tower'); lemma mislabeled 'tor'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhögatallhög · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gavelhusgavelhusgabled housesgavelhus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with murarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkyrkorchurcheskyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with muraralldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies svartasvartablacksvart · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on stodomotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking aftonhimlendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of aftonhimlenljusabrightljus · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies aftonhimlenaftonhimlenthe evening skyaftonhimle · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of svartaHe could not therefore see what their true state really was, and for a couple of moments he believed this was just as splendid a town as the one he had seen on Easter night.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sedärförthereforedärför · adverbmodifies seintenotinte · particlemodifies seseseese · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencehurhowhur · adverbmodifies stoddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of stodiini · prepositionpreposition marking verklighetenverklighetenrealityverklighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of setillwithtill · prepositiondepends on stodmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationunderforunder · prepositionpreposition marking ögonblickettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ögonblickögonblickmomentsögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of troddetroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of troddeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of staddettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of stadvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to stadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stadlikaequallylika · adverbmodifies präktigpräktigsplendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stadstadtownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of troddesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularclause modifying stadhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supinerelative clause on denunderonunder · prepositionpreposition marking påsknattenpåsknattenEaster nightpåsknatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sett- 71
When he came right up to it, he saw that it was both like and unlike that town from the sea floor.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sågriktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies framframforwardfram · adverbmodifies komtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of framsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of likdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of likvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to likbådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationliklikelik · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationolikunlikeolik · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with likdeniten · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of likdärtheredär · adverbmodifies likstadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase därfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking havsbottnenhavsbottnensea floorhavsbottn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies staden It was the same difference as if, on one day, a person were to
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of skillnadvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to skillnadsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of skillnadskillnaddifferenceskillnad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomas ifsom · pronounintroduces the clause of fingeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking manmana personman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fingeenaoneena · adjective, nominativemodifies dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies manfingemight get tofinge · verb, past, subjunctive, activedepends on skillnadArchaic past subjunctive of få ("to get/be allowed").
- 72
see a man dressed in purple and jewels, and on another day were to see him stripped bare and in rags.
seseese · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of manmanmanman · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kläddklädddressedklädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of seiini · prepositionpreposition marking purpurpurpurpurplepurpur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kläddochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmyckenjewelssmycke · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with purpurochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies dagdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with kläddsågewere to seesåge · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on daghonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of sågeutblottadstripped bareutblottad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of sågeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiini · prepositionpreposition marking trasortrasorragstrasor · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with dag - 73
Yes, this town too had surely once been just like the one he sat thinking about.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on likadandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stadenhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase denstadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of likadannogsurelynog · adverbmodifies likadanenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of likadanvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to likadanlikadanthe samelikadan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularadverbial clause on likadanhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to likadanochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattpåaboutpå · prepositiondepends on satt This one too was surrounded by a town wall with towers and gates.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of omgivenhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase Denvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to omgivenocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies omgivenomgivensurroundedomgiven · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking stadsmurenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stadsmurstadsmurtown wallstadsmur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies omgivenmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking torntorntowertor · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies stadsmurLemma normalized; modern word for the surface 'torn' is torn (tower).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationportargatesport · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with stadsmurBut the towers in this town, which had been allowed to remain on land, stood roofless, hollow, and empty.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtornenthe towerstorn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodoiini · prepositionpreposition marking stadendennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stadenstadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tornensomwhichsom · pronounsubject of förblivaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förblivafåttbeen allowedfå · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of förbliva"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
förblivaremainförbliva · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on stadenOlder form of modern förbli.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of förblivastodostoodstodo · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetaklösarooflesstaklös · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stodoihåligahollowihålig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with taklösaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtommaemptytom · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with taklösaThe gates were without doors; the guards and soldiers were gone.
Portarnathe gatesPortarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vorovorowerevoro · pronoun, pluralhead of the phrasemistagged as a pronoun; this is the archaic plural past tense of vara 'to be'.
utanwithoututan · prepositionlinks the coordinationdörrardoorsdörr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with voroväktareguardsväktare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with dörrarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkrigsknektarsoldierskrigsknekta · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with dörrarvorowerevoro · pronoun, pluraldepends on försvunnamistagged as a pronoun; this is the archaic plural past tense of vara 'to be'.
försvunnagoneförsvun · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with voroAll the gleaming splendor was gone.
AllallAll · determiner, singularintroduces the clause of vardenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of praktenglänsandegleamingglänsande · adjective, nominativemodifies praktenpraktensplendorprakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebortagoneborta · adverbmodifies varThere was only the naked, gray stone frame left standing.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with naknavarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to naknabarajustbara · adverbmodifies vardenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of naknanaknabarenakn · adjective, nominative, singularhead of the phrasegråagraygrå · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies stenstommenstenstommenthe stone framestenstommen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with naknasomthatsom · pronounsubject of fannsThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
fannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativerelative clause on stenstommenexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
därtheredär · adverbmodifies fanns- 74
When the boy came farther into the town, he saw that it was for the most part built up with small, low houses, but here and there some tall gabled houses and a few churches remained from the old days.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kompojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on såglängrefartherlänge · adverbmodifies inöverinöverfarther intoinöva · verb, present, indicative, activemodifies stadenstadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of komsågsawsåga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceMislemmatized: surface is 'såg', the past tense of se ('to see'/'looked'), in both examples ('såg han sig om' = 'looked around'), not a form of såga ('to saw'). Gloss corrected to 'saw' (as in 'he saw/looked').
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bebyggddeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of bebyggdtillfor the most parttill · prepositionpreposition marking delenstörstabiggeststor · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies delendelenpartdel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bebyggdvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to bebyggdbebyggdbuilt upbebyggd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of sågmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hussmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies huslågalowlåg · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with småhushouseshus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of bebyggdmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhärherehär · adverbcoordinated with bebyggdochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase härdärtheredär · adverbmodifies funnosfunnosthere werefunnos · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with härthis is the archaic plural past tense of finnas ('to exist'), not a noun.
kvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on funnosnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of gavelhushögatallhög · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gavelhusgavelhusgabled housesgavelhus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies funnosochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of kyrkorkyrkorchurcheskyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with gavelhussomthatsom · pronounsubject of voroThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
vorowerevoro · pronoun, pluralrelative clause on kyrkormistagged as a pronoun; this is the archaic plural past tense of vara 'to be'.
frånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking tidendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidengamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of voro The gabled houses' walls were whitewashed and entirely without ornament, but because the boy had so recently seen the sunken town, he felt he understood how they had once been adorned: some with statues and others with black and white marble.
Gavelhusensthe gabled houses'Gavelhusens · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of väggarväggarwallsvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vitmenadevorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on vitmenadearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
vitmenadewhitewashedvitmena · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of tyckteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies prydnaderutanwithoututan · prepositionpreposition marking prydnaderprydnaderornamentsprydnad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with vitmenademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of sjunknaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därförpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sjunknasåsoså · adverbmodifies nyssnyssjust nownyss · adverbmodifies sjunknahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sjunknasettseense · verb, active, supineauxiliary of sjunknadenaen · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of sjunknasjunknasunkensjunken · adjective, nominative, singularadverbial clause on tycktestadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sjunknatycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tyckteförståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tycktehurhowhur · adverbmodifies smyckadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of smyckadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of smyckadevaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to smyckadesmyckadeadornedsmycka · adjective, nominative, pluralclausal complement of tycktesomligasomesomlig · pronoun, pluralsubject of smyckademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking bildstoderbildstoderstatuesbildstod · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of smyckadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationandraothersannan · pronoun, pluralcoordinated with bildstodermedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking marmorsvartblacksvar · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies marmorThe lemma should be svart ("black"); the parser mistagged the surface "svart" under the noun svar ("answer").
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvitwhitevit · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with svartmarmormarblemarmor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bildstoderAnd it was the same with the old churches.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking kyrkornadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of kyrkornaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
gamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kyrkornakyrkornachurcheskyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of varMost of them were roofless, with bare interiors.
Detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of flestaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
flestamostmången · adjective, nominative, plural, superlativesubject of taklösaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies flestavorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on flestaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
taklösarooflesstaklös · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies innandömenmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking naknanaknabarenakn · adjective, nominative, pluraloblique complement of taklösainnandömeninteriorsinnandömen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseThe window openings stood empty, the floors were overgrown with grass, and ivy climbed up the walls.
Fönsteröppningarnathe window openingsFönsteröppningarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of stodostodostoodstodo · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetommaemptytom · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of stodogolventhe floorsgolv · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with stodovorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gräsbeväxtaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
gräsbeväxtagrass-coveredgräsbeväxta · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with stodoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationuppåtupwarduppåt · adverbmodifies väggarnaväggarnawallsvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of klättradeklättradeclimbedklättra · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies murgrönamurgrönaivymurgröna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with stodoBut now he knew how they had once looked — that they had been covered with carvings and paintings, that the choir had held an adorned altar and a golden cross, and that priests dressed in golden vestments had once moved about there.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstehurhowhur · adverbmodifies settdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of settenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supineclausal complement of vissteutlookut · adverbdepends on settattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of täcktadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of täcktahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of täcktavaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to täcktatäcktacoveredtäckt · adjective, nominative, pluralclausal complement of vissteavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking bildverkbildverkcarvingsbildverk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralagent of täcktaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmålningarpaintingsmålning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with bildverkattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ägtkoretthe choirkor · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of ägthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ägtägtownedäga · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on täcktasmyckatadornedsmycka · adjective, nominativemodifies altarealtarean altaraltare · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ägtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgyllnegoldengyllne · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with altareGyllne is a poetic shortened form of gyllene.
korscrosskors · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with altareochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of rörtdärtheredär · adverbmodifies rörthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of rörtrörtmoved aboutröra · verb, active, supinecoordinated with ägtsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of rörtprästerpriestspräst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of rörtsomwhosom · pronounsubject of kläddaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kläddavaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to kläddakläddadressedklädd · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on prästeriini · prepositionpreposition marking guldskrudarguldskrudargolden vestmentsguldskrud · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of klädda- 75
The boy also saw the narrow streets, almost empty of people on the holiday afternoon.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
ocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies sågdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of gatornaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
smalanarrowsmal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gatornagatornastreetsgata · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sågsomthatsom · pronounsubject of voroThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
vorowerevoro · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on gatornaArchaic plural past tense of vara ("to be").
nästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies folktommafolktommaempty of peoplefolktom · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with voropåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking helgdagseftermiddagenhelgdagseftermiddagenholiday afternoonhelgdagseftermiddag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of voro He knew, he did, what a stream of splendid people had once swarmed along them.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies visstevilkenwhatvilken · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of strömströmstreamström · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hanavofav · prepositionpreposition marking människorståtligastatelyståtlig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies strömsomthatsom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of hadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with visstemyllratswarmedmyllra · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of hadeframforwardfram · adverbmodifies myllratpåalongpå · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of framHe knew that they had once been like great workshops, full of every kind of worker.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of verkstäderdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of verkstäderhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of verkstädervaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to verkstädersomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of verkstäderstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies verkstäderverkstäderworkshopsverkstad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralclausal complement of visstefullafullfull · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with verkstäderavofav · prepositionpreposition marking arbetareallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of slagsslagskindslag · noun, genitive, neuter, pluralpossessor of arbetarearbetareworkersarbetare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of fulla- 76
But what Nils Holgersson did not see was that the town was, even today, both beautiful and remarkable.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sågNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativesubject of sågHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilsintenotinte · particlemodifies sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to sågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vackerstadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vackeränthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of iitoi · prepositionclause modifying stadendagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase ivarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to vackerbådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvackerbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of varochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmärkvärdigremarkablemärkvärdig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with vacker He saw neither the pleasant cottages along the back streets, with black walls, white corner boards, and red geraniums behind the gleaming windowpanes, nor the many beautiful gardens and avenues, nor the beauty of the vine-clad ruins.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
varkenneithervarken · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of kojornaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
trevligapleasanttrevlig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kojornakojornathe cottageskojorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sågvidalongvid · prepositionpreposition marking bakgatornabakgatornathe back streetsbakgator · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sågmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking väggarsvartablacksvart · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies väggarväggarwallsvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies bakgatornavitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies knutarknutarcorner boardsknuta · verb, present, indicative, activemodifies väggarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrödaredröd · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies pelargonierpelargoniergeraniumspelargoni · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with knutarbakombehindbakom · prepositionpreposition marking fönsterrutornadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fönsterrutornaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
blankagleamingblank · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fönsterrutornafönsterrutornathe windowpanesfönsterrutorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies pelargonierelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of mångaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
mångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with knutarvackrabeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies trädgårdarnaträdgårdarnathe gardensträdgårdarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with knutarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationalléernathe avenuesalléere · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with trädgårdarnaelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskönhetenbeautyskönhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with knutarhoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking ruinernadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ruinernaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
rankkläddavine-cladrankklädd · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ruinernaruinernathe ruinsruin · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies skönhetenHis eyes were so filled with the glory of the past that he could not see anything good in the present.
HanshisHan · proper noun, genitivepossessor of ögonMistagged; surface Hans here is the possessive pronoun "his," not the name Han.
ögoneyesögon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of vorovorowerevoro · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies fylldafylldafilledfylla · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasepast participle of fylla (to fill), tagged as an adjective.
avwithav · prepositionpreposition marking härlighetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of förgångnasförgångnasof the pastförgångnas · noun, genitive, common gender, pluralmodifies härlighethärlighetsplendorhärlighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularagent of fylldaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of seintenotinte · particlemodifies sekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying härlighetnågotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of nuvarandegottgoodgod · adverbpart of the phrase någothoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking nuvarandedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of nuvarandenuvarandepresentnuvarande · adjective, nominativedirect object of se- 77
The wild geese flew back and forth over the town a couple of times, so that Thumbietot would really get to see everything properly.
Vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · proper noun, nominativepossessor of foroforotraveledforo · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on framArchaic past plural of fara ('to travel/fly'); lemma tagged as noun but is a verb form.
ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of framframforwardfram · adverbhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtillbakabacktillbaka · adverbcoordinated with framöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking stadenstadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tillbakaförsoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of seattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of seTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativesubject of sethe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
riktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies sevälproperlyväl · adverbmodifies seskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sefåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on framalltingeverythingallting · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of se At last they settled down onto the grass-grown floor of a ruined church, to stay there for the night.
Tillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies sänktesistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase Tillsänkteloweredsänkte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sänktesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sänktenerdownner · adverbmodifies sänktepåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking golvetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of golvetgräsbeväxtagrass-growngräsbeväxta · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies golvetgolvetfloorgolv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sänkteiini · prepositionpreposition marking ruinkyrkaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ruinkyrkaruinkyrkaruined churchruinkyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sänkteförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of stannaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of stannainfinitive marker before a verb.
stannastaystanna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sänktedärtheredär · adverbmodifies stannaöverforöver · prepositionpreposition marking nattennattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of där- 78
When they had already settled down to sleep, Thumbietot was still awake, looking up through the broken roof-vaults at the pale-red evening sky.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ställtdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ställtredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies ställthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ställtställtput/placedställa · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on Tummetottsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ställtatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sovainfinitive marker before a verb.
sovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of ställtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to TummetottTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativehead of the phrasethe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
ännustillännu · adverbmodifies vakenvakenawakevak · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of TummetottAll four examples in this chunk use "vaken" as the adjective (awake), not the noun "vak" (ice-hole); the primary gloss should be "awake" here, though the ice-hole noun sense also occurs elsewhere in the book under this same conflated surface.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with Tummetottpast tense of se, 'to see.'
genomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking takvalvendetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of takvalvenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
brustnabrokenbrustna · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies takvalventakvalventhe roof vaultstakvalv · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of såguppupupp · adverbmodifies takvalvenmottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking aftonhimlendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of aftonhimlenblekrödapale-redblekröd · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies aftonhimlenaftonhimlenthe evening skyaftonhiml · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of upp After he had sat there for a while, he thought that he no longer wanted to torment himself over not having been able to save the sunken town.
Dåafterdå · adverbintroduces the clause of suttithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of suttithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of suttitsuttitsatsutta · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sjunknaArchaic spelling of suttit, the supine of sitta ("to sit").
därtheredär · adverbmodifies tänkteenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on suttithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of villehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villeintenotinte · particlemodifies mermerlongermycket · adverbmodifies villevillewantedvilja · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sjunknagrämatorment himselfgräma · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of villeöveroveröver · prepositionintroduces the clause of räddaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of räddahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räddaintenotinte · particlemodifies räddahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of räddakunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of räddaräddato saverädda · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on villedenaen · determiner, common gender, singularlinks the coordinationsjunknasunkensjunken · adjective, nominative, singularhead of the phrasestadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sjunkna- 79
No, he did not want to, now that he had gotten to see this one.
Nejnonej · interjectionhead of the phrasedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of villevillewantedvilja · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Nejhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villeintenotinte · particlemodifies villesedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sefåttgotten tofå · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of se"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on villedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardirect object of sehärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase den If the town he had seen had not been allowed to sink back down to the sea floor, then perhaps in time it too would have become as decayed as this one was.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sjunkadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stadenstadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sjunkasomthatsom · pronoundirect object of settThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supinerelative clause on stadenintenotinte · particlemodifies sjunkahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sjunkafåttbeen allowedfå · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of sjunka"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
sjunkato sinksjunka · verb, active, infinitivedepends on hadenerdownner · adverbdepends on sjunkapåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking havsbottnenhavsbottnensea floorhavsbottn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sjunkaigenagainigen · adverbmodifies sjunkasåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitdeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of blivitkanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies blivitomifom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking tidnågonsomenågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencelikaequallylika · adverbmodifies förfallenförfallendecayedförfall · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitsomassom · pronounintroduces the clause of varThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
dennathisdenna · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularrelative clause on förfallenthe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
Perhaps it would not have been able to withstand time and decay, and would soon have stood with roofless churches and unadorned houses and desolate, empty streets just like this one.
Kanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies motståskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of motstådenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of motståintenotinte · particlemodifies motståhahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of motståkunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of motståmotståwithstandmotstå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencetidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of motståochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförgängelsendecayförgängelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with tidenutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
snartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies ståtthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of ståttståttstoodstå · verb, active, supinecoordinated with motståmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking kyrkortaklösarooflesstaklös · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kyrkorkyrkorchurcheskyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of ståttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationprydnadslösaunadornedprydnadslös · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hushushouseshus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of ståttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationödsligadesolateödslig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with hustommaemptytom · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gatorgatorstreetsgata · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with hussåsomassåsom · conjunctionintroduces the clause of dennadennathisdenna · pronoun, common gender, singularclause modifying husThen it was better that it remained, in all its glory, down there hidden away.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies bättrevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to bättredetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with bättrebättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativehead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fannsdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativedepends on bättreexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
kvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on fannsiini · prepositionpreposition marking härlighetallallall · determiner, common gender, singularpart of the phrase isinitssig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of härlighethärlighetsplendorhärlighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fannsneredownnere · adverbmodifies fannsiini · prepositionpreposition marking fördoldadetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of fördoldafördoldahidden awayfördolda · adjective, nominative, singularoblique complement of fanns- 80
“It was best that things turned out as they did,” he thought.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebästbestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies varattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gickdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on varsomassom · subordinating conjunctiondirect object of gickdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gicktänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to varhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkte “If I had the power to save the town, I don't think I would want to do it.”
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on trormaktpowermakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of räddainfinitive marker before a verb.
räddato saverädda · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying maktstadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of räddatrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trorintenotinte · particlemodifies trorattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of görajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of göravillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of göragöradogöra · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of trordetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of göraAfter that he grieved over the matter no more.
Sedanthensedan · adverbmodifies sörjdesörjdegrievedsörjde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sörjdeintenotinte · particlemodifies sörjdemermoremycket · adverbmodifies sörjdeöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking sakendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sakensakenthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sörjde- 81
And there are surely many among the young who think the same way.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of mångaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to månganogsurelynog · adverbmodifies mångamångamanymången · pronoun, pluralhead of the phraseavamongav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of mångasomwhosom · pronounsubject of ungaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
äroareäro · determiner, pluralcopula linking to ungaArchaic plural present of vara; modern Swedish uses är.
ungayoungung · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on demsomwhosom · pronounsubject of tänkaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
tänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with ungapåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of tänka But when people grow old and have learned to be content with little, then they are gladder of the Visby that exists than of a splendid Vineta on the sea floor.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blimänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gladagamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of bliochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of fåttfåttlearned tofå · auxiliary verb, active, supinecoordinated with gamla"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
vänjabe accustomedvänja · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fåttsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vänjaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of nöjdainfinitive marker before a verb.
varabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to nöjdanöjdacontentnöjd · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on vänjamedwithmed · prepositionmodifies nöjdalitetlittleliten · adverbpart of the phrase medthis type bundles the positive and comparative degree forms (litet, mindre) under one entry.
dåthendå · adverbmodifies gladaäroareäro · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to gladaOld plural present tense of vara ('to be').
detheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gladasurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
mermoremycket · adverbmodifies gladagladagladglad · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseåtofåt · prepositiondepends on gladadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of gladaVisbyVisbyVisby · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of gladasomthatsom · pronounsubject of finnsThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
finnsexistsfinnas · verb, present, indicativerelative clause on Visbyänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase Visbyåtofåt · prepositionpart of the phrase Visbyettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of Vinetagrantfine/splendidgrant · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies VinetaVinetaVinetaVineta · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of gladapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking havsbottnenhavsbottnensea floorhavsbottn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Vineta
The particulars
- The text
- Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige, Selma Lagerlöf. The Wonderful Adventures of Nils.
- Translation
- Public-domain Swedish (Lagerlöf, d. 1940; published 1906–07). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
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