Swedish · The Wonderful Adventures of Nils
Den sköna lustgården
The Beautiful Pleasure Garden
Tap a sentence to open its words.
- 1
The next day the wild geese flew north over Södermanland.
Nästanextnästa · adjective, nominativemodifies dagdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of foroforowentforo · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseMistagged as a noun; foro is the plural past tense of fara ("went/traveled").
vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of foroattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
norrutnorthwardnorrut · adverbmodifies vildgässenöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking SödermanlandSödermanlandSödermanlandSödermanland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of foro The boy sat looking down at the landscape and thought to himself that it was not like anything he had seen before.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattpast tense of se, 'to see.'
nerdownner · adverbdepends on sågpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking landskapetlandskapetlandscapelandskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sågförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of tänktesjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sigattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of liktdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of liktintenotinte · particlemodifies liktvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to liktliktlikelikt · adjective, nominativeadverbial clause on sattnågotanythingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of liktavofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies någotsomthatsom · pronoundirect object of settThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supinerelative clause on demförutbeforeförut · adverbmodifies settThere were no great plains as in Skåne and Östergötland, and no great, unbroken forest tracts as in Småland, but instead a mixture of everything imaginable.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
ingano/noneingen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of slätterstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies slätterslätterplainsslätta · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fannssomlikesom · pronounsubject of blandningThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking SkåneSkåneSkåneSkåne · proper noun, nominativemodifies somochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationÖstergötlandÖstergötlandÖstergötland · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Skåneochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationingano/noneingen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of skogstrakterstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies skogstraktersammanhängandecontinuoussammanhänga · adjective, nominativemodifies skogstrakterskogstrakterforest tractsskogstrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Skånesomlikesom · pronounintroduces the clause of SmålandThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking SmålandSmålandSmålandSmåland · proper noun, nominativeclause modifying skogstrakterutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of blandningvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to blandningenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of blandningblandningmixtureblandning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of slätteravofav · prepositionpreposition marking möjligtalltallall · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies möjligtmöjligteverything imaginablemöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies blandninghalf the examples (ch01-p27, ch04-p30) use the fixed idiom 'allt möjligt' = 'all sorts of/everything', not the literal 'possible' sense used in the other two.
“Here they've taken a big lake and a big river and a big forest and a big mountain, chopped them into pieces, mixed them all together, and spread them out over the earth with no order at all,” thought the boy, for he saw nothing but little valleys and little lakes and little hills and little patches of woods.
Härherehär · adverbmodifies tagitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tagitdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of tagittagittakenta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sjöstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sjösjölakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tagitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of älvstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies älvälvriverälv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sjöochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skogstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies skogskogforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with älvochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of bergstortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies bergbergmountainberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with älvhackatchoppedhacka · verb, active, supinecoordinated with tagitdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of hackatiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking styckenstyckenpiecesstyck · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of hackatblandatmixedblanda · verb, active, supinecoordinated with tagitdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of blandatomtogetherom · prepositionpreposition marking varandravarandraeach othervarandra · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of blandatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbrettspread outbret · adverbcoordinated with blandatappears in the phrasal 'bredde/brett ut' (spread out); an old supine form of breda used adverbially.
utoutut · adverbdepends on brettdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of blandatpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking jordenjordenearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blandatutanwithoututan · prepositionpreposition marking ordningnågonnonågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ordningordningorderordning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blandattänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to tagitpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkteförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of såghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tänktepast tense of se, 'to see.'
ingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with sågannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sågänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dalarsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dalardalarvalleysdal · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sjöarsjöarlakessjö · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with dalarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kullarkullarhillskull · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with dalarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies skogsdungarskogsdungarwooded patchesskogsdung · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with kullarNothing was allowed to spread out properly.
Ingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of fickfickwas allowedfå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencelovallowedlov · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fickatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bredainfinitive marker before a verb.
riktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies bredabredaspread outbreda · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on fickutoutut · adverbpreposition marking sigsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of bredaAs soon as a plain started to grow large, a hill would come and plant itself in the way, and if the hill tried to stretch out into a ridge, the plain took over again.
Såasså · adverbmodifies höllsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies Såsomassom · prepositionintroduces the clause of höllFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of slättslättflatslätt · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllhöllstartedhålla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåin progresspå · prepositiondepends on höllatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of växainfinitive marker before a verb.
växato growväxa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on höllsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of växastorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of växakomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to höllenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kullekullehillockkulle · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationställdeplanted itselfställa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with komsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ställdeiini · prepositionpreposition marking vägenvägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ställdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of längakullenhillockkull · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of längavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of längalängastretch outlänga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with komutoutut · adverbdepends on längasigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of längatillintotill · prepositionpreposition marking åsenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of åsåsridgeås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of längatogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with höllslättenplainslätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of togvidovervid · prepositionmodifies togigenagainigen · adverbpart of the phrase vidAs soon as a lake grew so large that it began to amount to something, it narrowed into a stream, and the stream was not allowed to flow far either before it widened out into a lake.
Såasså · adverbmodifies sjösnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies Såenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sjösjölakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of togdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on storsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of tognågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of togutlookut · adverbdepends on togsmalnadenarrowedsmalna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with togdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of smalnadeavdownav · prepositionpreposition marking åtillintotill · prepositionpreposition marking enenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ååstreamå · prepositionmodifies denMostly used as the noun for a small river (Ronneby å); the idiom fara å färde 'be afoot/underway' is an old prepositional use.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationånthe riverån · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flytafickwas allowed tofå · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flytaintenotinte · particlemodifies flytahellereitherheller · adverbmodifies flytaflytaflowflyta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with toglångfarlång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sträckasträckastretchsträcka · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of flytaförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies utvidgadused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of passive utvidgadblevbecamebli · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activepassive auxiliary of utvidgadutvidgadwidened oututvidgad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on flytatillintotill · prepositionpreposition marking sjöenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sjösjölakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utvidgadThe wild geese flew along close enough to the coast that the boy could see out over the sea, and he saw that the sea, too, was not allowed to spread its broad surface, but was broken apart by a multitude of islands, and the islands, in turn, were not allowed to grow especially large before the sea took over again.
Vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · proper noun, nominativesubject of flögoflögoflewflögo · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense.
framforwardfram · adverbmodifies flögosåenoughså · adverbmodifies flögopassenoughpass · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase såfunctions as a degree particle here, not the noun 'pass'.
näranearnära · prepositionpreposition marking kustenkustencoastkust · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flögoattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on flögoutoutut · adverbdepends on seöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking havethavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of utochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with flögopast tense of se, 'to see.'
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fickintenotinte · particlemodifies havethellereitherheller · adverbmodifies havethavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of fickfickwas allowedfå · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of sågbredabroadbred · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of fickutspreadut · adverbdepends on ficksinitssig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of ytavidawidevid · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies ytaytasurfaceyta · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of brötsattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of brötsdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of passive brötsbrötswas brokenbröts · verb, past, indicative, passiveadverbial clause on flögosönderapart/brokensönder · adverbdepends on brötsavofav · prepositionpreposition marking öarenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of mängdmängda great manymängd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies öaröarislandsöar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralagent of brötsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationöarnathe islandsö · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with öarfingogotfingo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with öarMistagged as a noun; fingo is the archaic plural past tense of få ("got/were given").
intenotinte · particlemodifies blihellereitherheller · adverbmodifies bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivepassive auxiliary of särdelessärdelesespeciallysärdeles · adverbcoordinated with flögostorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of särdelesförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies togused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
havetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on storavidovervid · prepositiondepends on togigenagainigen · adverbmodifies togIt was constant change.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ombytevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ombyteständigtconstantständig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ombyteombytechangeombyte · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasePine forest traded places with leafy forest, fields with bogs, and manor houses with farm cottages.
Barrskogconiferous forestbarrskog · proper noun, nominativesubject of byttebyttetraded placesbyta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceomplacesom · prepositiondepends on byttemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking lövskoglövskogdeciduous forestlövskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bytteåkrarfieldsåkra · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with byttePlural noun 'åkrar' (fields); mistagged as a verb.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking mossarmossarbogsmoss · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of åkrarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationherrgårdarmanor housesherrgård · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with mossarmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking bondstugorbondstugorfarm cottagesbondstuga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies mossar- 2
There were no people at all out working in the fields; instead they were traveling along roads and paths.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varvarwerevara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceallsat allalls · adverbmodifies varingano/noneingen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldepends on varuteoutsideute · adverbmodifies varochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationarbetadeworkedarbeta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with varpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking åkrarnaåkrarnafieldsåkr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of arbetademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiinsteadi · prepositionmodifies färdadesställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase ifärdadestraveledfärda · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with vardetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of passive färdadesframforwardfram · adverbdepends on färdadespåalongpå · prepositionpreposition marking vägarvägarroadsväg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of färdadesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstigarpathsstig · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with vägar Out of the little forest homesteads on the slopes of Kolmården they came, dressed in black, with hymn book and handkerchief in hand.
Urout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking skogshemmendetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of skogshemmenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
småsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies skogshemmenskogshemmenthe forest homesteadsskogshemm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommopåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking KolmårdssluttningarnaKolmårdssluttningarnathe Kolmården slopesKolmårdssluttningarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies skogshemmenkommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencekommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommoutoutut · adverbdepends on kommokläddadressedklädda · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with kommoiini · prepositionpreposition marking klädersvartablacksvart · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kläderkläderclotheskläder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kläddamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking bokbokbookbok · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kläddaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnäsdukhandkerchiefnäsduk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with bokiini · prepositionmodifies bokhandhandhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase i“It must be Sunday today,” thought the boy, and sat watching the churchgoers below.
Itodayi · prepositionmodifies söndagdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase Iärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to söndagdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with söndagnogmustnog · adverbmodifies söndagsöndagSundaysöndag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with söndagpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tänkteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tänkteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tänktepast tense of se, 'to see.'
nerdownner · adverbdepends on sågpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking kyrkfolketkyrkfolketthe churchgoerskyrkfolket · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sågIn a couple of places he saw wedding parties driving to church with a great retinue, and in another a funeral procession came slowly along the road.
Påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking ställenettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ställenställenplacesställe · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågbrudfolkwedding partiesbrudfolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of sågsomthatsom · pronounsubject of kördeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kördedroveköra · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on brudfolktilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking kyrkankyrkanchurchkyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kördemedwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of följestortgreatstor · adverbmodifies följeAdverbial use of stor ('big'); e.g. 'inte stort' = 'not much'.
följeretinuefölje · noun, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on kördeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking annatettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of annatannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sågettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of farandeliktågfuneral processionliktåg · adverbmodifies saktasaktaslowlysakta · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies farandeFunctions adverbially ('slowly') though tagged as an adjective form.
farandeflying/travelingfarande · adjective, nominativedirect object of komframåtforwardframåt · adverbpreposition marking vägenvägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komHe saw grand carriages and little farm carts, and he saw boats on the lake, all bound for church.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencestorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies herrskapsvagnarherrskapsvagnargrand carriagesherrskapsvagen · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bondtrillorbondtrillorfarm cartsbondtrilla · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with herrskapsvagnarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sågpast tense of se, 'to see.'
båtarboatsbåt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sågioni · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sågsomthatsom · pronounintroduces the clause of påThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
allaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vorovorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies somarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
påonpå · prepositionadverbial clause on sågvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase påtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking kyrkankyrkanchurchkyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of på- 3
The boy flew on over Björkvik church and over Bettna and Blacksta and Vadsbro, and then toward Sköldinge and Floda.
Pojkenboypojk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseforflew onfor · prepositionmodifies PojkenPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
framforwardfram · adverbmodifies Pojkenöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking kyrkaBjörkviksBjörkvik'sBjörkvik · proper noun, genitivepossessor of kyrkakyrkachurchkyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Pojkenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking BettnaBettnaBettnaBettna · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with kyrkaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationBlackstaBlackstaBlacksta · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Bettnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationVadsbroVadsbroVadsbro · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Bettnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärpåthen/after thatdärpå · adverbcoordinated with Bettnamottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking SköldingeSköldingeSköldingeSköldinge · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of Bettnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationFlodaFlodaFloda · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Sköldinge Everywhere he heard the bells ringing.
Överallteverywhereöverallt · adverbmodifies hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördeklockornathe bellsklockorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hörderingato ringringa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of hördeIt sounded wonderfully beautiful up in the heights.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with ljödljödrang outljöd · adjective, nominative, singularhead of the phraseMislabeled as an adjective; ljöd is the past tense of ljuda ("to sound/ring out"), identical to the verb entry of the same spelling.
förunderligtwonderfullyförunderlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ljödvackertbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of ljöduppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies ljödiini · prepositionpreposition marking höjdenhöjdenheighthöjd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uppeIt was as though the whole clear air had turned into tones and sound.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phrasevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ,somas thoughsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förbyttsomthoughom · prepositionintroduces the clause of förbyttshelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies luftendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of luftenklaraclearklar · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive förbyttshadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förbyttsförbyttsturned intoförbyta · verb, passive, supinerelative clause on Dettillintotill · prepositionpreposition marking tonertonernoteston · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of förbyttsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationljudsoundljud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with toner- 4
“Well, one thing is certain,” said the boy, “and that is, that wherever I come in this country, I shall always come upon bells ringing like these.”
Selookse · verb, imperative, activedepends on råkaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of saksakthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of säkerärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to säkerdåwelldå · adverbmodifies säkersäkercertainsäker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularparallel clause to Sesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with Sepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ärärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with Seattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommervartwherevart · adverbmodifies kommerjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase vartänwhereverän · adverbmodifies kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of ärhärherehär · adverbmodifies kommeriini · prepositionpreposition marking landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommersåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on råkaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkaalltidalwaysalltid · adverbmodifies råkaråkacome uponråka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencepåuponpå · prepositionpreposition marking klockorsådanasuchsån · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies klockorhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase sådanaringanderingingringa · adjective, nominativemodifies klockorThis type covers both the adjective 'ringa' (slight/scant) and the present participle 'ringande' (ringing, from the verb 'ringa').
klockorbellsklocka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of råka And he felt safe at that thought, for even though he was now off in another world, it was as though he could not really go astray so long as the church bells could call him back with their great voices.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändekändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on varsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kändetryggsafetrygg · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of kändevidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking tankendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tankentankenthoughttanke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kändeförforför · prepositionmodifies varfasteven thoughfast · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase förHere used as the concessive conjunction 'though', not the adjective 'firm'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varnunownu · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kändebortaoffborta · adverbmodifies variini · prepositionpreposition marking världenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of världannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies världvärldworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of varsåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varsomassom · pronounsubject of kommaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommaintenotinte · particlemodifies kommaskullecouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of varriktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies vilsevilseastrayvilse · adverbdirect object of kommaUsed with 'gå' as 'go astray/lose one's way'.
såasså · adverbmodifies längelängeso long aslänge · adverbmodifies varsomassom · subordinating conjunctiondepends on kallakyrkklockornathe church bellskyrkklockorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kallakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kallakallacoldkalla · verb, active, infinitivedepends on varMislemmatized: both examples ('det kalla nattkvarteret', 'i den kalla marsnatten') show the definite/inflected adjective 'kall' ('cold'), not the verb kalla ('to call'). Gloss corrected to match the attested adjective use.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of kallatillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies kallamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking röstersinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of rösterstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies rösterröstervoicesröst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of tillbaka- 5
They had come a good way in over Sörmland when the boy caught sight of a black speck moving over the ground beneath them.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of styckegottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies styckestyckepiecestycke · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kommitininin · adverbmodifies kommitöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking SörmlandSörmlandSörmlandSörmland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of kommitA Swedish province.
närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickcaught sight offå · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kommitenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of punktsvartblacksvart · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies punktpunktspeckpunkt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sesomthatsom · pronounsubject of rördeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
rördemovedröra · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on punktsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of rördepåoverpå · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rördeunderbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of rörde At first he thought it was a dog, and he would not have given it another thought, if it had not been that it seemed to be trying to keep the same course as the wild geese.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of troddetroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceförstfirstförst · adverbmodifies troddeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hunddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of hundvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to hundenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hundhunddoghund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of troddeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänktintenotinte · particlemodifies tänkthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of tänkttänktthoughttänka · verb, active, supinecoordinated with hundpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking vidaredenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vidarevidarefurthervidare · adverbmodifies tänktomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sådetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with såintenotinte · particlemodifies såhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of såvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to såsåthe caseså · adverbadverbial clause on hundattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of försöktedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of försökteförsöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on hundhållato keephålla · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försöktesammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of kosakosacoursekosa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hållasomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying kosaattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
It raced across open ground and through patches of forest, leapt over ditches, cleared fences, and let nothing stop it.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of rusaderusaderushedrusa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceöveracrossöver · prepositionpreposition marking marköppenopenöppen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies markmarkgroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rusadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking skogsdungarskogsdungarwooded patchesskogsdung · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with markhoppadejumpedhoppa · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to rusadeöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking dikendikenditchesdik · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of hoppadesattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with rusadepast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
överoveröver · prepositiondepends on sattegärdsgårdarfencesgärdsgård · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of satteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlätletlät · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with satteingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of läthejdato stophejda · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of lätsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of hejda- 6
“It almost looks as though Smirre the fox is out again,” said the boy, “but, be that as it may, I expect we shall soon fly away from him.”
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies ututlookut · adverbmodifies sersomassom · pronounsubject of voreThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omthoughom · prepositionpreposition marking rävSmirreSmirreSmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativepossessor of rävmistagged as a comparative adjective; this is the proper name of the fox character.
rävfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vorevorewerevara · verb, past, subjunctive, activeadverbial clause on seruteoutsideute · adverbmodifies voreigenagainigen · adverbmodifies voresadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to serpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhurhowhur · adverbmodifies flygasomassom · conjunctionpart of the phrase hurhelstbe that as maygärna · adverbpart of the phrase hurType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
skawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of flygaviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of flygavälI expectväl · adverbmodifies flygasnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies flygaflygaflyflyga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sadeifrånfromifrån · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flyga - 7
Just after that the wild geese set off flying at the strongest speed they could manage, and kept it up as long as the fox was within sight.
Straxjuststrax · adverbmodifies därpådärpåthen/after thatdärpå · adverbmodifies sattesattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of satteattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
tillset offtill · prepositionintroduces the clause of flygaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of flygainfinitive marker before a verb.
flygaflyflyga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sattemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking fartdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fartstarkastestrongeststark · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies fartfartspeedfart · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flygasomassom · pronoundirect object of uppnåThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of uppnåkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of uppnåuppnåto attainuppnå · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on fartochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhöllokept it uphålloa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with uppnåSurface 'höllo' is past plural of 'hålla' (to hold/keep); lemma is a spelling artifact.
iupi · prepositionmodifies höllohärmedithärmed · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase isåasså · adverbmodifies längelängeas long aslänge · adverbmodifies flygasomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of rävenräventhe foxräven · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on flygavarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of räventhe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
inomwithininom · prepositionpreposition marking synhållsynhållsightsynhåll · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of räven When he could no longer see them, they turned and flew in a great, wide arc toward west and south, almost as if they had meant to fly back to Östergötland.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of seintenotinte · particlemodifies semerlongermycket · adverbmodifies sekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on vändedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of sevändeturnedvän · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceReally the past tense 'vände' of the verb vända ('to turn'), mistagged here under lemma vän.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of vändeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationforowentforo · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with deOld plural past tense of 'fara' (to go/travel), mistagged as a proper noun.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking storenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vändevidwidevid · prepositionpreposition marking bågebågearcbåge · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vändemottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking västervästerwestväster · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bågeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsödersouthsöder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with västernästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies somsomas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of flygaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of flygadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of flygahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flygaämnatintended toämna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of flygaflygaflyflyga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with vändetillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies flygatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ÖstergötlandÖstergötlandÖstergötlandÖstergötland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of tillbaka“It must indeed have been Smirre after all,” thought the boy, “since Akka is bending off to the side like this and taking another way.”
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of hamåttemustmåtte · adverbmodifies haModal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means "must"; the perfect sense ("must have") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain "must."
nogindeednog · adverbmodifies hahahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of Smirrevaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to SmirreSmirreSmirreSmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativehead of the phrasemistagged as a comparative adjective; this is the proper name of the fox character.
ändåafter alländå · adverbmodifies Smirretänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with Smirrepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkteeftersomsinceeftersom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of AkkaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedepends on böjerproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
sålike thisså · adverbmodifies böjerhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase såböjerturns asideböja · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to tänkteavoffav · prepositiondepends on böjeråtasideåt · prepositionmodifies böjersidanthe sidesida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase åtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtartakesta · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with böjerenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vägannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vägvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tar- 8
When it drew toward evening that day, the wild geese flew on over an old Sörmland estate called Stora Djulö.
Närwhennär · adverbintroduces the clause of flögoFunctions as a subordinating conjunction, not an adverb.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase Närleddrew towardled · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase NärSecond example 'när det led mot kvällen' = 'as evening drew near' is the verb lida ('led' = past tense), not the noun led — mistagged here.
mottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking kvällenkvälleneveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Närdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase Närflögoflewflögo · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense.
vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flögoattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
framforwardfram · adverbmodifies flögoöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking Sörmlandsgodsettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of Sörmlandsgodsgammaltoldgammal · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies SörmlandsgodsSörmlandsgodsSörmland estateSörmlandsgods · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of framsomthatsom · pronounsubject of passive kallasThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kallasis calledkalla · verb, present, indicative, passiverelative clause on SörmlandsgodsStorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies DjulöDjulöDjulöDjulö · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of flögo The great white manor house stood with its grove of leafy trees behind it, and before it lay Stora Djulö lake with its jutting points and hilly shores.
Detaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of storastorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularhead of the phraseweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
vitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies boningshusetboningshusetdwelling houseboningshus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to storamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking lövträdsparkenlövträdsparkenthe leafy parklövträdspark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågbakombehindbakom · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigitsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationframförin front offramför · prepositionmodifies hadesigitsig · pronoun, accusativepart of the phrase framförhadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with storadetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeStorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies Djulöweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
DjulöDjulöDjulö · proper noun, nominativemodifies sjösjölakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking utskjutandedessitsden · pronounpossessor of utskjutandech03-p50 example 'sedan dess' means 'since then', not possessive 'its' — pinning the gloss to 'its' teaches a lie for that collocation.
utskjutandejuttingutskjuta · adjective, nominativemodifies hadeuddarpoints of landudda · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkulligahillykullig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies strändersträndershoresstränd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with uddarIt looked old-fashioned and inviting, and it was not without the boy heaving a sigh as he flew over the place, wondering what it would feel like to step into such a house after a day's journey, instead of ending up on a soggy marsh or a cold crust of ice.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegammaldagsold-fashionedgammaldags · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationinbjudandeinvitinginbjudande · adjective, nominativecoordinated with gammaldagsutlookut · adverbcoordinated with gammaldagsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of intevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to inteintenotinte · particlecoordinated with sågutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionintroduces the clause of drogfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of drogpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of drogdrogpulleddra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sågenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sucksucksighsuck · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of drognärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of undradehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undradeforflewfor · prepositionmodifies hanPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
framforwardfram · adverbpart of the phrase foröveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking gårdengårdenplacegård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of framochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationundradewonderedundra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on droghurhowhur · adverbmodifies kännasdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with kännasskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kännaskännasfeelkänna · verb, passive, infinitiveclausal complement of undradeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of stigainfinitive marker before a verb.
fåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of stigastigato risestiga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of kännasininin · adverbdepends on stigapåintopå · prepositionpreposition marking ställeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ställesådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ställeställeplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stigaefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking dagsresaslutadcompletedslutad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies dagsresadagsresaday's journeydagsresa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ställeiinstead ofi · prepositionmodifies dagsresaställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase iförinstead offör · prepositionintroduces the clause of hamnaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hamnainfinitive marker before a verb.
hamnato end uphamna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on dagsresapåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking myrenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sanksanksoggysank · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies myrAdjectival form 'soft and wet ground', despite the noun tag.
myrbogmyr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hamnaelleroreller · conjunctionpart of the phrase myrenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of isskorpakallcoldkall · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies isskorpaisskorpaice crustisskorpa · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hamna- 9
But of course there was no thinking of such a thing.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsådantsuch a thingsån · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of förståsvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to förståsförståsof courseförstås · adverbhead of the phraseintenotinte · particlemodifies förståsatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tänkainfinitive marker before a verb.
tänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitivedepends on förståspåofpå · prepositiondepends on tänka The wild geese came down instead a little way north of the estate, on a wooded meadow so flooded with water that only a few tussocks stuck up here and there.
Vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässen · proper noun, nominativesubject of slogoslogolandedslogo · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentence'slogo ner' = landed, settled down.
iinsteadi · prepositionpreposition marking ställedessinsteadden · pronounpossessor of ställech03-p50 example 'sedan dess' means 'since then', not possessive 'its' — pinning the gloss to 'its' teaches a lie for that collocation.
ställeplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of slogonerdownner · adverbmodifies slogoettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of styckestyckepiecestycke · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of slogonorrnorthnorr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies slogoomofom · prepositionpreposition marking gårdengårdenestategård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slogopåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking skogsängenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skogsängskogsängwoodland meadowskogsäng · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gårdensomthatsom · pronounsubject of översvämmadThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to översvämmadsåsoså · adverbmodifies översvämmadöversvämmadfloodedöversvämmad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on skogsängavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking vattenvattenwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of översvämmadattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tuvorbarajustbara · adverbmodifies tuvornågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of tuvortuvortussockstuva · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldepends on slogostuckostuckstucko · adverbmodifies tuvorTagged as an adverb but is 'stucko', past tense plural of 'sticka', stuck out.
uppupupp · adverbmodifies tuvorhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase uppochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase uppdärtheredär · adverbmodifies uppIt was very nearly the worst night's lodging the boy had had on the whole journey.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of natthärbärgevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to natthärbärgenäravery nearlynära · adverbmodifies natthärbärgeType lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära.
nognearlynog · adverbpart of the phrase näradetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of natthärbärgesämstaworstsämsta · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies natthärbärgenatthärbärgenight's lodgingnatthärbärge · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronoundirect object of haftThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hafthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinerelative clause on natthärbärgepåduringpå · prepositionpreposition marking resanhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies resanresanjourneyresa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of haft- 10
He sat for a while on the gander's back, not knowing quite what to make of himself.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on sattenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sattpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking rygggåskarlensthe gander'sgåskarlens · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of ryggryggbackrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of vetaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vetainfinitive marker before a verb.
vetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on satthurhowhur · adverbmodifies ställahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ställaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ställaställato manageställa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of vetadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of ställaförforför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of ställa Then he sprang in long leaps from tussock to tussock until he reached firm ground, and hurried off toward where the old estate lay.
Därpåthendärpå · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sprangsprangsprangspranga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sprangmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hopplångalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hopphoppleapshopp · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of sprangfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking tuvatuvatussockstuva · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sprangtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking tuvatuvatussockstuva · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies tuvatillsuntiltills · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sprangpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking markfastfirmfast · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies markHere used as the concessive conjunction 'though', not the adjective 'firm'.
markgroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with komsedanthensedan · adverbmodifies skyndadeåttowardåt · prepositionmodifies skyndadedettheden · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of hållhålldirectionhåll · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of skyndadedärtheredär · adverbmodifies lågdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gårdengamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gårdengårdenestategård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on håll- 11
Now it happened that just that evening a few people were sitting in a cottage under Stora Djulö, talking by the fire.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies händehändehappenedhä · adjective, nominativehead of the phrasePast tense of 'hända' (to happen); mistagged and truncated as an adjective lemma 'hä'.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with händesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of händeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of suttojustjustjust · adverbmodifies kvällendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kvällenkvälleneveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of suttosuttosatsutto · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on händeOld plural past tense of sitta ('to sit'), mistagged here as a noun.
någrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of suttoiini · prepositionpreposition marking torpettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of torptorpcottagetorp · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies människorsmall tenant farm/croft.
somthatsom · pronounsubject of passive lyddeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
lyddebelonged tolydde · verb, past, indicative, passiverelative clause on torpunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking DjulöStoragreatStor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies DjulöDefinite/plural-looking form "Stora" used attributively in place names like Stora Tuna.
DjulöDjulöDjulö · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of lyddeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpratadetalkedprata · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with suttovidbyvid · prepositionpreposition marking spisbrasanspisbrasanthe hearth firespisbrasan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of pratade They had talked about the sermon and about the spring farm work and about the weather, but when the topics of conversation began to run dry, they asked an old woman, the cottager's mother, to tell them ghost stories.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of språkathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of språkatspråkattalkedspråkat · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceomifom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking predikanpredikansermonpredika · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of språkatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking vårarbetetvårarbetetspring farm workvårarbet · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with predikanochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking väderlekenväderlekenthe weatherväderlek · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with predikanmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of börjadedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of börjadesedanthensedan · adverbmodifies börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on bådotrytarun drytryta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking samtalsämnensamtalsämnentopics of conversationsamtalsämn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of trytabådoaskedbådo · verb, present, indicative, passiveparallel clause to språkatArchaic plural past tense of 'be' (to ask/request).
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of bådoenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gummagammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gummagummaold womangumma · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bådosomwhosom · pronounsubject of morThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activedeterminer of mormormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on bådotilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking torparentorparenthe cottagertorpare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of morattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of talahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of talatalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on bådoomtellom · prepositionpreposition marking spökhistorierspökhistorierghost storiesspökhistorier · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of tala- 12
It is well known that nowhere else in the country is there such an abundance of manors and ghost stories as in Sörmland.
Manoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejuwellju · adverbmodifies vetattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of finnsingenstansnowhereingenstans · conjunctionmodifies finnsiini · prepositionpreposition marking landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ingenstansfinnsis therefinnas · verb, present, indicativeclausal complement of vetdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnssåsuchså · adverbmodifies finnsgottan abundancegod · adverbpart of the phrase såomofom · prepositionpart of the phrase såherrgårdarmanor housesherrgård · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of finnsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationspökhistorierghost storiesspökhistorier · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with herrgårdarsomlikesom · pronounintroduces the clause of SörmlandThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking SörmlandSörmlandSörmlandSörmland · proper noun, nominativeclause modifying spökhistorierA Swedish province.
The old woman had served at many great estates in her youth, and she knew so many strange things that she could have gone on telling them until morning.
Gummanthe old womanGumman · proper noun, nominativesubject of tjänatCommon noun 'gumman' (the old woman), mistagged as a proper noun.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tjänattjänatservedtjäna · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencepåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking ställenmångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ställenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ställenställenplacesställe · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of tjänatiini · prepositionpreposition marking ungdomenungdomenyouthungdom · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ställenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändekändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tjänattillknewtill · prepositiondepends on kändesåsoså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmanymycket · adverbmodifies underligtunderligtstrangeunderlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of kändeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hållahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hållahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållakunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of hållahållato go onhålla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kändepåin progresspå · prepositionintroduces the clause of berättaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of berättainfinitive marker before a verb.
berättato tellberätta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hållaändauntilända · adverbmodifies morgonentilluntiltill · prepositionpreposition marking morgonenmorgonenmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of berättaShe spoke so convincingly and well that those sitting listening to her were tempted to take it all for truth.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of taladetaladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies trovärdigttrovärdigtconvincinglytrovärdig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies taladeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbrawellbra · adjective, nominativecoordinated with taladeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of frestadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of frestadesomwhosom · pronounmodifies suttoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
suttosatsutto · noun, nominative, neuter, singularin apposition to deOld plural past tense of sitta ('to sit'), mistagged here as a noun.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with dehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hördevorowerevoro · pronoun, pluraldepends on frestademistagged as a pronoun; this is the archaic plural past tense of vara 'to be'.
frestadewere temptedfresta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on taladeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hållainfinitive marker before a verb.
hållato takehålla · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of frestadealltallall · adverbdirect object of hållaförforför · prepositionpreposition marking sanningsanningtruthsanning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hållaThey started with unease when the old woman broke off in the middle of her story a couple of times to ask whether they didn't hear something rustling.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ryckterycktetuggedrycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetillstartedtill · prepositiondepends on ryckteavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking ängslanängslananxietyängsla · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rycktenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of avbrötgummanold womangumma · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of avbrötettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of avbrötavbrötbroke offavbröt · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on rycktesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of avbrötmittin the middlemitt · adverbmodifies berättelseniini · prepositionpreposition marking berättelsenberättelsenstoryberättelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of avbrötochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with avbrötomwhetherom · prepositionintroduces the clause of hördedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hördeintenotinte · particlemodifies hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on frågadehurhowhur · adverbmodifies prassladedetsomethingden · determiner, neuter, singularsubject of prassladeprassladerustledprassla · adjective, nominative, singularclausal complement of hörde“Can't you hear that there's something creeping about in here!” she said.
Attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of höraniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
intenotinte · particlemodifies hörakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörahörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of någotdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with någotärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to någotnågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singularclausal complement of hörasomthatsom · pronounsubject of smygerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
smygercreepssmyga · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on någotomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies härinnehärinnein herehärinne · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies smygersadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeBut the others noticed nothing.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andraSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of märktemärktenoticedmärkte · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of märkte- 13
When the old woman had told stories about Eriksberg and Vibyholm and Julita and Lagmansö and several other places, someone asked whether anything so strange had ever happened at Stora Djulö itself.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of talatgummanold womangumma · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of talattalattalkedtala · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sådantomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking historierhistorierstorieshistorie · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of talatfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking EriksbergEriksbergEriksbergEriksberg · proper noun, nominativemodifies historierManor/place name.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationVibyholmVibyholmVibyholm · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Eriksbergochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationJulitaJulitaJulita · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Eriksbergochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationLagmansöLagmansöLagmansö · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Eriksbergochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hållandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hållhålldirectionshåll · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with Eriksbergvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to sådantdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varnågonsomeonenågon · pronoun, common gender, singularpart of the phrase varsomwhosom · pronounsubject of frågadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
frågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on någonomwhetherom · prepositionintroduces the clause of häntdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of häntaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies hänthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hänthänthappenedhän · verb, active, supineclausal complement of varsupine of 'hända' (to happen).
någotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sådantsådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasedärtheredär · adverbmodifies besynnerligtbesynnerligtstrangebesynnerlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclause modifying sådantpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking DjulöStorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies Djulöweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
DjulöDjulöDjulö · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of besynnerligt “Well, it hasn't been entirely free of it,” said the old woman.
ÅjowellÅjo · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldepends on saderiktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies frittfrittfreelyfri · adverbcoordinated with Åjovarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies sadedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase varvälof courseväl · adverbmodifies detintenotinte · particlemodifies detsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of sadegamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularcomplement of sadeAt once they all wanted to hear what legends there were about their own estate.
Genastat onceGenast · adverbmodifies höravillewantedvilja · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of höradetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hörasurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
allesammansall of themallesamma · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of hörahörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of fannsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativeclausal complement of höraexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
förkind offör · prepositionpreposition marking sägnersägnerlegendssägn · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of fannsomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking gårdderastheirde · pronounpossessor of gårdpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
egenownegen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gårdgårdestategård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sägner- 14
Then the old woman told how there had once stood a castle north of Stora Djulö on a hill, where nowadays there was nothing but forest, and in front of that castle there had once lain a beautiful pleasure garden.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies taladetaladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegummanold womangumma · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of taladeomhowom · prepositionintroduces the clause of legatattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of legatdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of legatenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of legatskullehadskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of legathahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of legatlegatlainlega · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on taladeSupine of 'ligga' (to lie); lemma should be 'ligga'.
ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of slottslottcastleslott · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies norrnorrnorthnorr · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on legatomofom · prepositionpreposition marking DjulöStorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies Djulöweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
DjulöDjulöDjulö · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of legatpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking backeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of backebackehillbacke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of legatdärtheredär · adverbmodifies fannsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsnumeranowadaysnumera · adverbmodifies fannsintenotinte · particlemodifies fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativerelative clause on backeexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
annatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies fannsänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skogskogforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying fannsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking slottetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of slottetslottetcastleslott · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of legatskullehadskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of legathahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of legatlegatlainlega · verb, active, supinecoordinated with legatSupine of 'ligga' (to lie); lemma should be 'ligga'.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lustgårdskönfineskön · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lustgårdlustgårdpleasure gardenlustgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of legat So it had happened once, that a man called Lord Karl, who at that time ruled all of Sörmland, had come traveling to the castle.
Såsoså · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of hadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hänthänthappenedhända · verb, active, supinecomplement of hadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommitenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommitsomwhosom · pronounsubject of passive kalladesThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kalladeswas calledkallada · verb, past, indicative, passiverelative clause on enherrLordherr · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with enKarlKarlKarl · proper noun, nominativedepends on herrochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsomwhosom · pronounsubject of styrdeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking tidendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of styrdestyrderuledstyrde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with enhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies SörmlandSörmlandSörmlandSörmland · proper noun, nominativedirect object of styrdeA Swedish province.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on haderesandetravelerresande · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kommittilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking slottetslottetcastleslott · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommitAnd after he had eaten and drunk, he had gone out into the pleasure garden, and stood there a good long while, looking out over Stora Djulö lake and the beautiful shores.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of spisathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of spisathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of spisatspisateatenspisa · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on gåttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdruckitdrunkdruckia · verb, active, supinecoordinated with spisathadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåtthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåttgåttgone outgå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on ståttutoutut · adverbdepends on gåttiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking lustgårdenlustgårdenpleasure gardenlustgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåttståttstoodstå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencedärtheredär · adverbmodifies ståttbådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlängelonglänge · adverbmodifies ståttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationväla good whileväl · adverbcoordinated with längeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsettseense · verb, active, supinecoordinated with ståttutoutut · adverbdepends on settöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking sjöStorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies Djulöweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
DjulöDjulöDjulö · proper noun, nominativemodifies sjösjölakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of settochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of strändernaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vackrabeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies strändernasträndernashoresstrand · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with sjöBut just as he stood there, delighting in what he saw, and thinking to himself that there was no lovelier land than Sörmland, he heard someone sigh very deeply right behind him.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbästjust asbra · adverbmodifies stodhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on hörtdärtheredär · adverbmodifies stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgladderejoicedgla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodreflexive 'gladde sig' = rejoiced/delighted.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of gladdeåtinåt · prepositionmodifies gladdedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase åtsomwhatsom · pronoundirect object of sågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on stodpast tense of se, 'to see.'
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of tänktesjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sigattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fannsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsintenotinte · particlemodifies fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativeclausal complement of stodexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
vackrareloveliervackrare · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of fannsänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of SörmlandSörmlandSörmlandSörmland · proper noun, nominativeclause modifying landA Swedish province.
såthenså · adverbadverbial clause on hörthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörthörtheardhöra · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencenågonsomeonenågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of suckasuckasighsucka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularindirect object of hörtheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies djuptdjuptdeeplydjup · adverbmodifies hörtalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies bakombakombehindbakom · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hörtThen he had turned around and seen an old day-laborer standing bent over his spade.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies vänthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vänthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väntväntturnedvända · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of väntomaroundom · prepositiondepends on väntochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsettseense · verb, active, supinecoordinated with väntenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagakarlgammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies dagakarldagakarlday laborerdagakarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of settsomwhosom · pronounsubject of stodThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
stodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on dagakarlböjdbentböjd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stodöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking spadesinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of spadespadespadespade · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stod“Is it you sighing so deeply?” Lord Karl had said.
Ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to dudetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with duduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of »somwhosom · pronounsubject of suckarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
suckarsighssucka · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on dusåsoså · adverbmodifies djuptdjuptdeeplydjup · adverbmodifies suckarhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagtherrLordherr · proper noun, nominativesubject of sagtKarlKarlKarl · proper noun, nominativedepends on herrsagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentence“What have you to sigh about?” — “I may well sigh, who must go and work in the earth here day in and day out,” the day-laborer had then answered.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of harharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of suckaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of suckaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of suckainfinitive marker before a verb.
suckato sighsucka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceöveraboutöver · prepositiondepends on suckaJagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of suckamåmaymå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of suckavälwellväl · adverbmodifies suckasuckato sighsucka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesomwhosom · pronounsubject of gåThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
skawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to suckahärherehär · adverbmodifies gåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationarbetaworkarbeta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gåiini · prepositionpreposition marking jordenjordenearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of arbetadagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåutoutut · adverbmodifies gåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with gåininin · adverbmodifies gåhadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of svaratdåthendå · adverbintroduces the clause of svaratdagakarlenthe day-laborerdagakarlen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of svaratsvaratansweredsvara · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on suckaBut Lord Karl had a hot temper, and he did not like it when people complained.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationherrLordherr · proper noun, nominativesubject of hadeKarlKarlKarl · proper noun, nominativedepends on herrhadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of humörhäftigtviolenthäftig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies humörhumörhot temperhumör · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hadeintenotinte · particlemodifies tyckteomlikeom · prepositiondepends on tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of klagadefolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of klagadeklagadecomplainedklaga · adjective, nominative, pluralclausal complement of tyckte“Have you nothing else to complain of?” he had shouted.
Harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Harintenotinte · particlemodifies Harannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of Haratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of klagainfinitive marker before a verb.
klagato complainklaga · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying annatöveroföver · prepositionpreposition marking klagahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ropathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropatropatcalledropa · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentence“I tell you, I would be content if I could go and dig in Sörmland's soil for all my days.” — “Then may it go for your grace just as you wish!” the day-laborer had answered.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägersägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sägerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of nöjdjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of nöjdskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of nöjdvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to nöjdnöjdpleasednöjd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of sägeromifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fingejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fingefingemight get tofinge · verb, past, subjunctive, activeadverbial clause on nöjdArchaic past subjunctive of få ("to get/be allowed").
gågogå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fingeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgrävadiggräva · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gåiini · prepositionpreposition marking jordSörmlandsSörmland'sSörmland · proper noun, genitivepossessor of jordjordearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåifori · prepositionpreposition marking tidallallall · determiner, common gender, singulardepends on iminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of tidpossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
tidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåMåttemayMåtte · proper noun, nominativesubject of gåNot a name; the optative modal 'måtte' expressing a wish (may/might).
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gådåthendå · adverbmodifies gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceersyourers · pronounpossessor of nådeArchaic possessive used in the honorific ers nåde, ‘your grace’.
nådegracenåde · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gåIn ers nåde, an old deferential title meaning ‘your grace.’
såasså · adverbmodifies gåsomassom · pronoundirect object of önskarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of önskarsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
önskarwishesönska · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gåhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of svaratdagakarlenthe day-laborerdagakarlen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of svaratsvaratansweredsvara · verb, active, supineparallel clause to gå- 15
But afterward people said that Lord Karl, for the sake of those words, had found no peace in his grave after death, but every night was in the habit of coming to Stora Djulö and digging in his pleasure garden.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsedanthensedan · adverbmodifies sadesadesaidsaa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencelemma should be säga 'to say'; sade/sa are its past-tense forms.
folkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåttherrLordherr · proper noun, nominativesubject of fåttKarlKarlKarl · proper noun, nominativedepends on herrförforför · prepositionpreposition marking taletsdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of taletstaletsthose wordstal · noun, genitive, neuter, singularoblique complement of herrskullsakeskull · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on taletsonly occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'.
efterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking dödendödendeathdöd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with herrExamples mix the noun (döden) with adjectival uses (död gås); flag if the occurrence is adjectival.
intenotinte · particlemodifies fåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttfåttfoundfå · verb, active, supineclausal complement of saderopeacero · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on fåttiini · prepositionpreposition marking gravsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of gravgravgravegrav · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fåttgrav can mean either a burial grave or a moat, depending on context.
utanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
vareveryvar · determiner, common gender, singularmodifies brukadenattnightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase varbrukadeused tobruka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadekommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of brukadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking DjulöStorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies Djulöweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
DjulöDjulöDjulö · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of kommaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgrävadiggräva · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kommaiini · prepositionpreposition marking lustgårdsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of lustgårdlustgårdpleasure gardenlustgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gräva Yes, now there was neither castle nor pleasure garden left over there; where they had once stood there was now only an ordinary wooded hillside.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on fannsnunownu · adverbmodifies fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativeadverbial clause on skogsbackeexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsvarkenneithervarken · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslottcastleslott · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with fannselleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlustgårdpleasure gardenlustgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with slottmerleftmycket · adverbmodifies fannsdärbortaover theredärborta · adverbmodifies fannsutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
därtheredär · adverbmodifies legatdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of gångenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of legatskullehadskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of legathahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of legatlegatlainlega · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on fannsSupine of 'ligga' (to lie); lemma should be 'ligga'.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to skogsbackedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varnunownu · adverbmodifies varbarajustbara · adverbmodifies skogsbackeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skogsbackevanligordinaryvanlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies skogsbackeskogsbackewooded hillsideskogsbacke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseBut if anyone should walk through the forest on a dark night, it might happen that he would catch sight of the pleasure garden.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gånågonanyonenågon · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of gåskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivedepends on händagenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of nattmörkdarkmörk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies nattnattnightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåsåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on händakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of händadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of händahändahappenhänd · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fingehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fingefingemight get tofinge · verb, past, subjunctive, activeadverbial clause on händaArchaic past subjunctive of få ("to get/be allowed").
synsightsyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fingepåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking lustgårdenlustgårdenpleasure gardenlustgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies syn- 16
Here the old woman stopped and looked off toward a dim corner of the cottage.
Härherehär · adverbmodifies höllhöllheldhöll · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegummanold womangumma · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hölluppupupp · adverbdepends on höllochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtittadelookedtitta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with höllbortåttowardbortåt · adverbmodifies tittadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vråskumdimskum · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vråvråcornervrå · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tittadeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vrå “Wasn't that something moving?” she asked.
Varwasvar · adverbhead of the phrasedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with Varintenotinte · particlemodifies Varnågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase Varsomthatsom · pronounsubject of rördeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
rördemovedröra · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on någotsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of rördefrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågade- 17
“Oh no, mother, do go on and tell it!” said the daughter-in-law.
Ånejoh noÅnej · proper noun, nominativesubject of berättaInterjection (Ånej = Å nej, 'oh no'), tagged as a proper noun by the parser.
mormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Ånejberättato tellberätta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of berättaPlural 'you', also used as a formal singular in older Swedish address.
barajustbara · adverbmodifies berättasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesonhustrunthe daughter-in-lawsonhustrun · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade “I saw yesterday that the rats had made themselves a big hole there in the corner, but I had so much else to do that I forgot to stop it up.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on gårpast tense of se, 'to see.'
iyesterdayi · prepositionmodifies såggårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gjortråttornathe ratsråttorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of gjorthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjortgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supinedepends on gårsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of gjortettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of hålstortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hålhålholehål · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gjortdärtheredär · adverbmodifies gjortiini · prepositionpreposition marking vrånvrånthe cornervrån · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of därmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gårsåsoså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies annatannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göramakegöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of glömdejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of glömdeglömdeforgotglömde · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on göraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of stoppainfinitive marker before a verb.
stoppastop upstoppa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of glömdeigenagainigen · adverbdepends on stoppadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of stoppaYou may as well go on and tell whether anyone has ever seen that pleasure garden.”
Niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fårsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
fårmustfå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencelovmustlov · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fåratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of berättainfinitive marker before a verb.
berättato tellberätta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fåromifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of settnågonanyonenågon · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of settharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supineclausal complement of berättadenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of settdärtheredär · adverbmodifies settlustgårdenpleasure gardenlustgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sett- 18
“Well, I'll tell you,” said the old woman, “that my own father once saw it.
Jowell/yesjo · interjectiondepends on sägaused to affirm or answer a question, often contradicting an implied doubt.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sägaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sägasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sägagummanold womangumma · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of farminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of farpossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
egenownegen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies farfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of farsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sadedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of såg He came walking through the forest one summer night, and suddenly he saw beside him a tall garden wall, and above it he glimpsed the rarest trees, so laden with flowers and fruit that the branches hung far out over the wall.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegåendewalkinggå · adjective, nominativedirect object of komPresent participle gående used adjectivally/adverbially.
genomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sommarnattsommarnattsummer nightsommarnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationplötsligensuddenlyplötsligen · adverbmodifies sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with komhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågbredvidnearbybredvid · adverbmodifies sågsighimsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of sågenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of trädgårdsmurhögtallhög · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies trädgårdsmurträdgårdsmurgarden wallträdgårdsmur · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationovanföraboveovanför · adverbmodifies skymtadedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skymtadeskymtadecame into viewskymta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with såghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skymtadedetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of trädSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
rarasterarestrar · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies trädträdtreesträd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of skymtadesomthatsom · pronounsubject of tyngdaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tyngdasåsoså · adverbmodifies tyngdatyngdaweighed downtynga · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on trädavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking blommorblommorflowersblomma · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralagent of tyngdaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfrukterfruitfrukt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with blommorattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hängdegrenarnathe branchesgrene · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hängdehängdehunghänga · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of skymtadelångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies ututoutut · adverbmodifies hängdeöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking murenmurenwallmur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hängdeFather walked on very slowly, wondering where the garden could have come from.
Farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies saktasaktaslowlysakta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of gicksakta doubles as the adverb 'slowly' (flög sakta) and the verb 'to slacken' (sakta farten).
framåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies saktaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationundradewonderedundra · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with gickMistagged as an adjective; this is the past tense of undra ("to wonder").
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to kommitträdgårdengardenträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinecoordinated with gickifrånfromifrån · prepositiondepends on kommitThen a gate in the wall opened suddenly, and a gardener came out and asked whether father would not like to see his pleasure garden.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies öppnadesöppnadeswas openedöppna · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentencehastigtquicklyhastig · adverbmodifies öppnadesenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of portportgateport · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive öppnadesiini · prepositionpreposition marking murenmurenwallmur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of öppnadesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of trädgårdsmästareträdgårdsmästaregardenerträdgårdsmästare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with öppnadesutoutut · adverbdepends on komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with komomwhetherom · prepositiondepends on frågadefarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of seintenotinte · particlemodifies sevillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of frågadehanshishan · pronounpossessor of lustgårdlustgårdpleasure gardenlustgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of seThe fellow had a spade in hand and wore a big apron like other gardeners, and father was just about to follow him when he happened to catch a glimpse of his face.
Karlenthe manKarlen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencespadespadespad · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeSame word 'spade' (garden tool); lemma spelling is a tagging artifact.
iini · prepositionmodifies hadehandhandhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbarasksbe · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with hadeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of förklädestortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies förklädeförklädeapronförkläde · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of barsomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of trädgårdsmästareandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies trädgårdsmästareträdgårdsmästaregardenersträdgårdsmästare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcomplement of barochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of följaskullewas about toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of följajustjustjust · adverbmodifies följaföljato followfölja · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with hadehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of följanärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on följaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kastainfinitive marker before a verb.
kastato throwkasta · verb, active, infinitivedepends on komenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of blickblickglanceblick · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kastapåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking ansiktehanshishan · pronounpossessor of ansikteansiktefaceansikte · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies blickAt once father recognized the pointed forelock and the goatee.
Medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking detsammadetsammaoncedetsamma · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of kändekändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencefarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändeigenagainigen · adverbdepends on fardenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of pannluggenspetsigapointedspetsig · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies pannluggenpannluggenthe forelockpannlugg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpipskäggetgoateepipskägg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with pannluggenIt was none other than Lord Karl, just as father had seen him pictured on paintings in every manor house where father had...
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of herrvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to herralldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies herrherrLordherr · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseKarlKarlKarl · proper noun, nominativedepends on herrsådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying herrsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
somassom · pronoundirect object of settThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supinedepends on herrhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of settavbildadpicturedavbilda · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of settpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking tavlortavlorpaintingstavla · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of settpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking herrgårdarallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of herrgårdarherrgårdarmanor housesherrgård · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies tavlordärtheredär · adverbmodifies hadefarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on herrgårdar- 19
Here there was a fresh interruption in the story.
Härherehär · adverbmodifies blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blevettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of avbrottnyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies avbrottavbrottinterruptionavbrott · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of bleviini · prepositionpreposition marking berättelsenberättelsenstoryberättelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blev This time it was a burning log that crackled so that sparks and coals sprayed out across the floor.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of eldbrandeldbrandburning logeldbrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varsomthatsom · pronounsubject of sprakadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
sprakadecrackledspraka · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on eldbrandtillsuddenlytill · prepositiondepends on sprakadesåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of stänkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sågnistorsparksgnistor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of stänkteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkolcoalkol · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with gnistorstänktesprayedstänka · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on varframåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies stänktegolvetfloorgolv · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of framåtThe room grew bright in all its dark corners for a moment, and the old woman thought she caught a glimpse of a little tomte sitting beside the rat hole, listening to the story, but now hurrying to get himself out of the way.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceljustlightljust · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevDescribes daylight/brightness, e.g. "det var ljust" = "it was light out."
iini · prepositionpreposition marking vrårallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vrårmörkadarkmörk · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vrårvrårnooksvrå · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of bleviini · prepositionpreposition marking stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blevförforför · prepositionpreposition marking ögonblickettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ögonblickögonblickmomentögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgummanold womangumma · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blevsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tyckteseseese · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tyckteenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skymtskymtglimpseskymt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of seavofav · prepositionpreposition marking pysslingenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of pysslinglitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies pysslingpysslinggnomepyssling · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies skymtA synonym for tomte, the household gnome; sometimes left untranslated as 'pyssling.'
somwhosom · pronounsubject of sattThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
sattsatsätta · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on pysslingThis form (satt) is actually the past tense of sitta 'to sit', not sätta 'to set'; glossed by its real sense.
bredvidnearbybredvid · adverbdepends on sattråtthåletthe rat holeråtthål · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattpåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking berättelsenberättelsenstoryberättelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hördemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies bråttfickbecamefå · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bråttbråttin a hurrybrå · verb, active, supinecoordinated with sattIdiom 'ha brått' = to be in a hurry.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of lagainfinitive marker before a verb.
lagagetlaga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of bråttsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of lagaundanout of the wayundan · adverbmodifies laga- 20
The daughter-in-law took broom and shovel, swept the coals together, and sat back down.
Sonhustrunthe daughter-in-lawSonhustrun · proper noun, nominativesubject of togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekvastbroomkvast · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of togochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskyffelshovelskyffel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with kvastsopadesweptsopa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with togsammantogethersamman · adverbdepends on sopadekolenthe coalskol · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sopadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with togpast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
sigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sattenerdownner · adverbmodifies satteigenagainigen · adverbmodifies satte “Now you can go on, mother,” she said.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies fortsättakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fortsättaniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fortsättasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
fortsättato continuefortsätta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fortsättasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to fortsättahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeBut the old woman did not want to.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgummanold womangumma · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villevillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies ville“That will have to be enough for tonight,” she said, and her voice sounded strange.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varafårhave tofå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varavarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencenogenoughnog · adverbmodifies varaförforför · prepositiondepends on varaithisi · prepositionpreposition marking kvällkvälleveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of varasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to varahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationröstenvoiceröst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lätlätsoundedlät · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadeunderligstrangeunderlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of lätThe others wanted to hear more, but the daughter-in-law saw that the old woman had gone pale and that her hands were trembling.
Detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andraSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraothersannan · pronoun, pluralsubject of höravillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörahörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemermoremycket · adverbmodifies höramenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsonhustrunthe daughter-in-lawsonhustru · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hörapast tense of se, 'to see.'
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivitgummanold womangumma · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineclausal complement of sågblekpaleblek · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skakadehändernathe handshänderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of skakadeskakadeshookskaka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blivit“No, mother is tired now and must go and lie down,” she said.
Nejnonej · interjectionsubject of tröttmormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Nejärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to trötttrötttiredtrött · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasenunownu · adverbmodifies tröttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with tröttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationläggato lay/putlägga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gåsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of läggasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to trötthonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade- 21
A little while later the boy came back up into the forest to the wild geese.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komefteråtafterwardefteråt · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komåteragainåter · adverbmodifies komuppupupp · adverbdepends on komiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
He walked along chewing a carrot he had found outside the cellar, thought he had eaten a splendid supper, and was pleased to have gotten to sit for several hours inside the warm cottage.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtuggadechewedtugga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking morotenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of morotmorotcarrotmorot · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gicksomthatsom · pronoundirect object of hittatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hittathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hittathittatfoundhitta · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on gickutanföroutsideutanför · prepositionpreposition marking källarenkällarenthe cellarkällar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hittattycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ätithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ätithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ätitätiteatenäta · verb, active, supineclausal complement of tyckteenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kvällsvardpräktigsplendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kvällsvardkvällsvardsupperkvällsvard · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ätitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to nöjdnöjdpleasednöjd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with gickmedwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of sittaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sittahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sittahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sittafåttgotten tofå · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of sitta"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
sittato sitsitta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on nöjdfleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies timmartimmarhourstimme · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sittainneinsideinne · adverbmodifies sittaiini · prepositionpreposition marking stugandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stuganvarmawarmvarm · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of inne“If only I could get a good night's lodging now!” he thought.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fånunownu · adverbmodifies fåbarajustbara · adverbmodifies fåkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfågetfå · verb, active, infinitivedepends on »ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of nattkvarterbragoodbra · adjective, nominativemodifies nattkvarternattkvarternight's lodgingnattkvart · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of fåtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkte- 22
It occurred to him then that the best thing would be to take his sleeping place in a bushy spruce standing at the edge of the road.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with föllföllfellföll · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of fölldåthendå · adverbmodifies föllininin · adverbpart of the phrase dåattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varadetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of bästabästabestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativesubject of varaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varavarabevara · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of föllattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of togehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of togetogeshould taketoge · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of varaHistorical subjunctive form of ta, ‘take’.
sinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of sovplatssovplatssleeping placesovplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of togeiini · prepositionpreposition marking granenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of granyvigbushyyvig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies grangransprucegran · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of togesomthatsom · pronounsubject of stodThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
stodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on granvidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking kantenkantenedgekant · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodavofav · prepositionpreposition marking vägenvägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kanten He swung himself up into it and wove together a couple of little twigs so as to get himself a bed to lie on.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svingadesvingadeswungsvinga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of svingadeuppupupp · adverbmodifies svingadeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking dendeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of svingadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationflätadewove togetherfläta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with denihoptogetherihop · adverbdepends on flätadeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies småkvistarsmåkvistarlittle twigssmåkvist · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with densåso as toså · adverbintroduces the clause of fickattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickgotfå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on småkvistarenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bäddbäddbedbädd · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of liggainfinitive marker before a verb.
liggato lieligga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fickpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking ligga- 23
There he lay for a while, thinking about what he had heard in the cottage, and above all about that Lord Karl who was supposed to go wandering here in the Djulö woods, but he soon fell asleep away from it all and would likely have slept until morning, had he not woken to find a pair of creaking iron gates thrown open right beneath him.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies låglåglayligga · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasemistagged as adjective; the surface 'låg' here is the past tense of ligga 'to lie', not the unrelated adjective låg 'low'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lågenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågpåaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of tänktesomwhatsom · pronoundirect object of hörtThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörthörtheardhöra · verb, active, supinerelative clause on detiini · prepositionpreposition marking stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hörtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationframförin front offramför · prepositionmodifies herrallteverythingall · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase framförpåaboutpå · prepositionpart of the phrase framfördeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularpart of the phrase framfördärtheredär · adverbpart of the phrase framförherrLordherr · proper noun, nominativedepends on gåKarlKarlKarl · proper noun, nominativedepends on herrsomthatsom · pronounsubject of gåThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
skullewas supposed toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with hörtomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies skoghärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase omkringpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking skogDjulöDjulöDjulö · proper noun, nominativepossessor of skogskogforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of somnadesomnadefell asleepsomna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gåsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies somnadeifrånfromifrån · prepositionpreposition marking alltsammansalltsammansall of italltsammans · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of somnadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sovitvällikelyväl · adverbmodifies sovithahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of sovitsovitsleptsovit · verb, active, supinecoordinated with somnadeändauntilända · adverbmodifies morgonentilluntiltill · prepositionpreposition marking morgonenmorgonenmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sovitomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vaknathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vaknatintenotinte · particlemodifies vaknathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vaknatvaknatwokenvakna · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on somnadevidtovid · prepositionintroduces the clause of slagitsattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slagitsettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies järngrindargnisslandecreakinggnisslande · adjective, nominativemodifies järngrindarjärngrindariron gatesjärngrinde · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive slagitshadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slagitsslagitsbeen thrown openslagits · verb, passive, supineadverbial clause on vaknatuppupupp · adverbdepends on slagitsalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies slagitsunderbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slagits - 24
The boy is awake in an instant, rubs the sleep from his eyes, and looks around.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevakenawakevak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of ärAll four examples in this chunk use "vaken" as the adjective (awake), not the noun "vak" (ice-hole); the primary gloss should be "awake" here, though the ice-hole noun sense also occurs elsewhere in the book under this same conflated surface.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking ögonblicketögonblicketmomentögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies vakengnuggarrubsgnuggar · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with ärsömnensleepsömn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gnuggarurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking ögonenögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies sömnenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with ärsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of seromkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies ser Close beside him is a wall as high as a man, and over the wall he glimpses trees bowed down under fruit.
Tättclosetätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sigActually the adverb 'tätt' (close/closely), mistagged as a noun; used in 'tätt bredvid' = close beside.
bredvidbesidebredvid · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of manshögmanshögman-highmanshög · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies murmurwallmur · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of harochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking murenmurenthe wallmure · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skymtaDefinite form 'muren' of 'mur' (wall).
skymtaappear faintlyskymta · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with harträdtreesträd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of skymtasomthatsom · pronounsubject of bågnaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
bågnabendbågna · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on trädunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking frukterfrukterfruitfrukt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of bågna- 25
At first he thinks this is very strange.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckertyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceförstfirstförst · adverbmodifies tyckerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of underligtdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of underligtärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to underligtbraverybra · adverbmodifies underligtunderligtstrangeunderlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of tycker There were no fruit trees here when he fell asleep.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fruktträdfruktträdfruit treesfruktträd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of fannshärherehär · adverbmodifies fannsdåwhendå · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of somnadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of somnadesomnadefell asleepsomna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fannsBut after a few moments his memory comes back to him, so that he understands what kind of garden this is.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommernågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ögonblickögonblickmomentsögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceminnetmemoryminn · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kommertillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies kommertillto himtill · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tillbakasåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of förstårattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstårförstårunderstand(s)förstå · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kommervadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularintroduces the clause of trädgårddettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of trädgårdärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to trädgårdförkind offör · prepositionpreposition marking trädgårdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of trädgårdträdgårdgardenträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of förstår- 26
The strangest thing of all, perhaps, is that he is not at all afraid, but on the contrary feels an indescribably strong desire to go into the garden.
Detaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of besynnerligastebesynnerligastethe strangestbesynnerlig · adjective, nominative, superlativehead of the phraseavofav · prepositionpreposition marking alltallteverythingall · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies besynnerligasteärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to besynnerligastekanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies besynnerligasteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blirhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blirintenotinte · particlemodifies blirallsat allalls · adverbmodifies blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on besynnerligasteräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blirutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
tvärtomon the contrarytvärtom · adverbmodifies kännerkännerfeelskänna · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with besynnerligasteenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lustobeskrivligtindescribablyobeskrivlig · adverbmodifies starkstarkstrongstark · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lustlustdesirelust · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of känneratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gåinfinitive marker before a verb.
gågogå · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying lustininin · adverbdepends on gåiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking trädgårdenträdgårdengardenträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gå Up where he lies in the spruce, it is dark and chilly, but inside the garden it is bright, and he thinks he sees fruit and roses glowing in strong sunshine.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies liggerhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of liggerliggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on mörktuppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies liggeriini · prepositionpreposition marking granengranensprucegran · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uppeärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to mörktdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of mörktmörktdarkmörk · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkuletchillykule · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with mörktmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationinneinsideinne · adverbmodifies trädgårdeniini · prepositionpreposition marking trädgårdenträdgårdengardenträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ljustärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to ljustdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ljustljustbrightljust · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with mörktochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckertyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with mörktsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tyckerseseese · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tyckerhurhowhur · adverbmodifies glödafrukterfruitfrukt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of glödaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrosorrosesrosa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with frukterglödaglowingglöda · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of seiini · prepositionpreposition marking solskenstarktstrongstark · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies solskensolskensunshinesolsk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of glödaLemma is truncated; the word is 'solsken' (sunshine).
It would surely be good for him, who has been drifting about so long in cold and foul weather, to feel a little summer warmth.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gottskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gottallteverythingall · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies gottvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to gottgottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseförforför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gottsomwhosom · pronounsubject of drivitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of drivitdrivitdrifted aboutdrivit · verb, active, supinedepends on gottomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies längesåsoså · adverbpart of the phrase omkringlängelonglänge · adverbmodifies drivitiini · prepositionpreposition marking köldköldcoldköld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of drivitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationruskväderfoul weatherruskväder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with köldatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kännainfinitive marker before a verb.
fåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of kännakännato feelkänna · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with drivitpåsomepå · prepositionpreposition marking sommarvärmeliteta littlelitet · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sommarvärmesommarvärmesummer warmthsommarvärme · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of känna- 27
Nor does there seem to be the least difficulty in getting into the garden.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with tyckstycksseemstyckas · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies tyckshellereitherheller · adverbmodifies tycksvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to svårighetdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of svårighetminstaleastliten · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies svårighetsvårighetdifficultysvårighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of tycksatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying svårighetininin · adverbdepends on kommaiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking trädgårdenträdgårdengardenträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komma There is a gate in the high wall right beside the spruce where the boy lies, and an old gardener has just pushed open the great iron gates.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsfinnsthere isfinnas · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of portportgateport · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finnsiini · prepositionpreposition marking murendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of murenhögahighhög · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies murenmurenwallmur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies porttättclosetätt · adverbmodifies granenbredvidbesidebredvid · prepositionpreposition marking granengranenthe sprucegran · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of finnsdärtheredär · adverbmodifies liggerpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of liggerliggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on granenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of trädgårdsmästaregammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies trädgårdsmästareträdgårdsmästaregardenerträdgårdsmästare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skjutitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of skjutitjustjustjust · adverbmodifies skjutitskjutitpushedskjuta · verb, active, supinecoordinated with finnsuppupupp · adverbdepends on skjutitdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of järngrindarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
storabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies järngrindarnajärngrindarnathe iron gatesjärngrind · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of skjutitNow he stands in the gateway, peering into the forest, exactly as though he were waiting for someone.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ståriini · prepositionpreposition marking portöppningenportöppningenthe gatewayportöppning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stårochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationspanarpeersspana · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with stårinåtinto/inwardinåt · adverbmodifies spanarskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of spanaralldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies väntadesomas thoughsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of väntadeomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of väntadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väntadeväntadewaitingvänta · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to stårnågonsomeonenågon · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of väntade- 28
In a moment the boy is down out of the tree.
Iini · prepositionpreposition marking ögonblickettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ögonblickögonblickmomentögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of nereärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to nerepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of nereneredownnere · adverbhead of the phraseurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking trädetträdetthe treeträde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of nerelemma should be 'träd'; surface 'trädet' means 'the tree'.
He walks up to the gardener with his cap in his hand, bows, and asks if it is permitted to see the garden.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceframforwardfram · adverbmodifies gårtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking trädgårdsmästarenträdgårdsmästarengardenerträdgårdsmästar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gårmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking luvanluvancapluva · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies trädgårdsmästareniini · prepositionmodifies luvanhandenhandhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase ibugarbowsbug · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with trädgårdsmästarenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfrågarasksfråga · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with gåromifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gårdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of frågaranpermittedan · adverbdepends on gårUsed only in the fixed idiom 'gå an' meaning 'to be all right/permitted'.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
fåbe allowed tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitivedepends on gårträdgårdengardenträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of se- 29
“Yes, that's allowed,” answers the gardener in a rather gruff voice.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on gårdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceanallowedan · adverbdepends on gårUsed only in the fixed idiom 'gå an' meaning 'to be all right/permitted'.
svararanswerssvara · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to gårträdgårdsmästarengardenerträdgårdsmästar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svararmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking rösträttratherrätt · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies barskbarskgruffbarsk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpossessor of röströstvoiceröst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of svarar “Come on in, then!”
StigcomeStig · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Stigpåinpå · prepositiondepends on Stigbarajustbara · adverbpart of the phrase på- 30
He then draws the gates shut again and locks them with a heavy key, which he tucks into his belt.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of drardrardrawsdra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedärpåthen/after thatdärpå · adverbmodifies drarigenagainigen · adverbdepends on drargrindarnathe gatesgrind · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of drarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstängershutsstänga · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with drardemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of stängermedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking nyckelenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of nyckeltungheavytung · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies nyckelnyckelkeynyckel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stängersomwhichsom · pronoundirect object of stopparThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stopparstoppartucksstoppa · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on nyckeliintoi · prepositionpreposition marking bältetbältetbeltbält · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stoppar Meanwhile the boy stands studying him.
Undermeanwhileunder · prepositionpreposition marking tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stårochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbetraktarstudiesbetrakta · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with stårhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of betraktarHe has a rugged face with a big mustache, a sharp little goatee, and a keen nose.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ansiktesträvtruggedsträva · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ansikteansiktefaceansikte · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of harmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking mustascherstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies mustaschermustaschermustachesmustasch · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of harvasstsharpvasst · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies pipskäggpipskägggoateepipskägg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularin apposition to mustascherochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskarpkeenskarp · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies näsanäsanosenäsa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with mustascherHad he not been wearing a blue gardener's apron and holding a heavy spade in his hand, the boy would have taken him for an old soldier.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of burithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of buritintenotinte · particlemodifies burithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of buritburitbeen wearingburit · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on tagitettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of trädgårdsmästarförklädeblåttblueblå · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies trädgårdsmästarförklädeträdgårdsmästarförklädegardener's apronträdgårdsmästarförkläde · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of buritochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhållitholdinghålla · verb, active, supinecoordinated with buritSurface "hållit" spans several idioms in this book: literal "held" (hållit trogen vakt = kept faithful watch), "hållit ut" (held out/endured), "hållit på" (had been -ing, continuous aspect), and "hållit sig" (stayed/remained). A single fixed gloss of "held" misrenders the hållit på / hållit sig examples.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of spadetungheavytung · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies spadespadespadespade · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hållitiini · prepositionpreposition marking handenhandenhandhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hållitskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tagitpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tagithahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of tagittagittakenta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of tagitförforför · prepositionpreposition marking knektenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of knektgammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies knektknektsoldierknekt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tagit- 31
The gardener walks into the garden with such long strides that the boy has to run to keep up with him.
Trädgårdsmästarenthe gardenerTrädgårdsmästaren · proper noun, nominativesubject of gårSentence-initial capitalized 'trädgårdsmästaren', not a personal name.
gårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceinåtinto/inwardinåt · adverbmodifies gårträdgårdengardenträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gårmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking stegsåsuchså · adverbmodifies storastorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stegstegstepssteg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of gårattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of springapojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of springamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of springaspringato runspringa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gårOne cited example uses the homograph springa "slit/crack" (a different noun); this type is the infinitive verb "to run".
förtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of följaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of följainfinitive marker before a verb.
kunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of följaföljato followfölja · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on springamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of följa They walk along a narrow path, and the boy happens to step up onto the edge of the grass.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencepåalongpå · prepositionpreposition marking vägenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vägtrångnarrowtrång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vägvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkarråkarhappens toråka · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with gåkommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of råkaruppupupp · adverbdepends on kommapåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking gräskantengräskantengrassy vergegräskant · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommaBut at once he gets a reprimand for treading down the grass, and after that he runs along behind his guide.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies fårfårgetsfå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fårstraxat oncestrax · adverbmodifies fårenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tillsägelsetillsägelsereprimandtillsägelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of trampainfinitive marker before a verb.
intenotinte · particlemodifies trampatrampato trampletrampa · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying tillsägelsenerdownner · adverbdepends on trampagräsetgrassgräs · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of trampaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsedanthensedan · adverbmodifies springerspringerrunsspringe · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with fårhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of springerefterbehindefter · prepositionpreposition marking föraresinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of förareförareguideförare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of springer- 32
The boy senses that the gardener thinks he is far too grand to go about showing the garden to such a changeling as him, and he does not dare ask him about anything, but only runs along.
Pojkenboypojk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kännerkännerfeelskänna · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåsensedpå · prepositiondepends on kännersighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kännerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tyckerträdgårdsmästarengardenerträdgårdsmästar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckertyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of kännerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of godhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of godärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to godmycketfarmycket · adverbmodifies godförtooför · adverbmodifies godgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of känneratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gåinfinitive marker before a verb.
gågogå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on godochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvisato showvisa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gåträdgårdengardenträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of visaförtooför · prepositionpreposition marking bortbytingenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bortbytingsådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bortbytingsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
bortbytingchangelingbortbyting · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåsomassom · pronounintroduces the clause of hanThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to bortbytingochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vågarvågardaresvåga · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with godintenotinte · particlemodifies vågarfrågato askfråga · verb, active, infinitivesubject of vågarhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of frågaomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking någotnågotanythingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of vågarutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
springerrunsspringa · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with kännerbarajustbara · adverbmodifies springermedwithmed · prepositiondepends on springer Now and then the gardener tosses him a word.
Dånowdå · adverbmodifies slängerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies slängerslängertossesslänga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceträdgårdsmästarengardenerträdgårdsmästar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slängertillhimtill · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slängerettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ordordwordord · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of slängerJust inside the wall there is a thick hedge, and once they have come through it, he mentions that he calls it Kolmården.
Straxjuststrax · adverbmodifies finnsinnanförinsideinnanför · prepositionpreposition marking murenmurenthe wallmure · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of finnsDefinite form 'muren' of 'mur' (wall).
finnsthere isfinnas · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of häcktätthicktät · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies häckhäckhedgehäck · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finnsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommitdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommithahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on talarigenomthroughigenom · prepositiondepends on kommitdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of kommittalartalkstala · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on finnshanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talaromtellom · prepositionpreposition marking talarattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kallarhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kallarkallarcallskalla · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of talardeniten · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of kallarförasför · prepositionpreposition marking KolmårdenKolmårdenKolmårdenKolmårde · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kallarProper place name of the forest; lemma preserves the indefinite base form.
“Well, it certainly is big enough to deserve the name,” answers the boy, but the gardener does not bother in the least to listen to what he says.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on stordenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of storärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to storsåenoughså · adverbmodifies storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gördenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of görgördoesgöra · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on storskälreasonskäl · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of görförofför · prepositionpreposition marking namnetnamnetnamenamn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of görsvararanswerssvara · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to storpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svararmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationträdgårdsmästarengardenerträdgårdsmästar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bryrbryrcaresbry · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with storAlmost always used reflexively, bry sig om, 'to care about'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bryrallsat allalls · adverbmodifies bryrintenotinte · particlemodifies bryromtoom · prepositionintroduces the clause of höraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hörainfinitive marker before a verb.
hörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on bryrpåtopå · prepositionintroduces the clause of sägervadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sägerhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägersägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on höra- 33
Then they come out from among the bushes, and the boy can see out over a large part of the garden.
Såthenså · adverbmodifies kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommaframforwardfram · adverbdepends on kommaurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking buskarnabuskarnabushesbusk · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kommaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sekancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kommautoutut · adverbdepends on seöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking delenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of delstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies deldelpartdel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of seavofav · prepositionpreposition marking trädgårdenträdgårdengardenträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies del He notices at once that it is not especially vast, only a couple of acres.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märkermärkernoticesmärka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencestraxat oncestrax · adverbmodifies märkerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vidsträcktdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of vidsträcktintenotinte · particlemodifies vidsträcktärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to vidsträcktsärdelesespeciallysärdeles · adverbmodifies vidsträcktvidsträcktvastvidsträcka · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of märkerlemma should be 'vidsträckt'; surface is the neuter/adverbial form of that adjective.
barajustbara · adverbmodifies tunnlandettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies tunnlandtunnlandacrestunnland · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with vidsträcktThe high wall shields it to the south and west, but to the north and east it is surrounded by water, so that no fence is needed there.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of murenhögahighhög · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies murenmurenwallmur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skyddarskyddarprotectsskydda · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of skyddaritoi · prepositionmodifies skyddarsödersouthsöder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvästerwestväster · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with södermenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationitoi · prepositionmodifies omgivennorrnorthnorr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationöstereastöster · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with norrärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to omgivendeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of omgivenomgivensurroundedomgiven · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with skyddaravbyav · prepositionpreposition marking vattenvattenwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies omgivensåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of behövsattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sådärtheredär · adverbmodifies behövsbehövsis neededbehöva · verb, present, indicative, passiveadverbial clause on omgivenintetnointe · adverbdepends on behövsarchaic neuter form intet functions both as the determiner 'no/none' and, before 'annat', as the pronoun 'nothing'; examples in this chunk show both uses, not just 'no'.
stängselfencestängsel · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of passive behövs- 34
The gardener has stopped to tie up a vine, so the boy gets time to look around him.
Trädgårdsmästarenthe gardenerTrädgårdsmästaren · proper noun, nominativesubject of stannatSentence-initial capitalized 'trädgårdsmästaren', not a personal name.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of stannatstannatstayedstanna · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of bindaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bindainfinitive marker before a verb.
bindato bindbinda · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stannatuppupupp · adverbdepends on bindaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rankarankavineranka · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of bindaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fårfårgetsfå · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with stannatalltsåsoalltså · adverbmodifies fårtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fårsighimsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of seomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies se He has not seen many gardens in his life, but he senses that this one is unlike any other.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of settintenotinte · particlemodifies settsettseense · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencemångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies trädgårdarträdgårdargardensträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of settiini · prepositionpreposition marking darsinahissig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of dardardaysd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies trädgårdarmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckertyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with settsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tyckerförståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tyckerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of olikdeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of olikhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase denärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to olikolikunlikeolik · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of tyckerallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andraandraothersannan · pronoun, pluraloblique complement of olikIt must be laid out in some old-fashioned style, for one did not see nowadays such a swarming abundance of little hills and little flowerbeds and little hedges and little lawns and little arbors.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of måttemåttemustmåtte · adverbmodifies utlagdModal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means "must"; the perfect sense ("must have") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain "must."
varabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to utlagdutlagdlaid oututlagd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseiini · prepositionpreposition marking manérnågotsomenågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of manérgammaldagsold-fashionedgammaldags · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies manérmanérstylemanér · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of utlagdförforför · prepositionpreposition marking mängdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of mängdsådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies mängdsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
myllrandeteemingmyllrande · adjective, nominativemodifies mängdmängda great manymängd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utlagdavofav · prepositionpreposition marking kullarsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kullarkullarhillskull · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies mängdochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies blomplanerblomplanerflowerbedsblomplan · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with kullarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies häckarhäckarhedgeshäck · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with kullarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gräsmattorgräsmattorlawnsgräsmatta · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with häckarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bersåerbersåerarborsbersåa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with utlagdficksawfå · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of semanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of seintenotinte · particlemodifies seseseese · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with utlagdnunownu · adverbmodifies seförnowadaysför · prepositionpreposition marking tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of seNor such a profusion of little ponds and winding canals as he sees here on every side.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies vimmelhellereitherheller · adverbmodifies vimmelettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of vimmelsådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies vimmelvimmelprofusionvimmel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseavofav · prepositionpreposition marking dammarsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dammardammarpondsdamm · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies vimmelochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslingrandewindingslingrande · adjective, nominativemodifies kanalerkanalercanalskanal · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with dammarsomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of serThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on vimmelhärherehär · adverbmodifies serpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking hållallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of hållhålldirectionshåll · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of ser- 35
Everywhere stand the proudest trees and the loveliest flowers, and the water in the little canals lies clear and deep green and mirror-still.
Överallteverywhereöverallt · adverbmodifies ståståstandstå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of trädSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
stoltasteproudeststolt · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies trädträdtreesträd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of ståochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of blommorSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
ljuvligasteloveliestljuvlig · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies blommorblommorflowersblomma · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with trädochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with blommoriini · prepositionpreposition marking kanalernadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of kanalernaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
småsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kanalernakanalernacanalskanal · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies vattnetliggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ståklartclearklar · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies liggerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdjupgröntdeep greendjupgrön · adverbcoordinated with klartochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationspeglandemirror-stillspeglande · adjective, nominativecoordinated with djupgrönt And the boy thinks that the whole of it is like a paradise.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckertyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of paradisalltsammansall of italltsammans · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of paradisärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to paradissomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of paradisettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of paradisparadisparadiseparadis · noun, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of tyckerHe claps his hands together and bursts out: “I have never seen anything so beautiful!
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slårslårclapsslå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceihoptogetherihop · adverbdepends on slårhändernathe handshänderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of slårochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationutbristerbursts oututbrister · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with händernaJagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of settdåindeeddå · adverbmodifies settaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies settsettseense · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencenågotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singularpart of the phrase settsåsoså · adverbmodifies vackertvackertbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of settWhatever can this garden be?”
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of trädgårdkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of trädgårddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of trädgårdhärherehär · adverbmodifies trädgårdvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to trädgårdförsort offör · prepositionpreposition marking trädgårdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of trädgårdträdgårdgardenträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrase- 36
He shouts this out quite loudly, and at once the gardener turns toward him and says in his gruff voice: “This garden is called Sörmland.
Dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of roparroparcallsropa · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of roparheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies högthögthighhög · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies roparochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies vändervänderturns towardvända · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with roparträdgårdsmästarengardenerträdgårdsmästar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändersighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vänderemottowardemot · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vänderochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with vändermedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking röstsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of röstbarskagruffbarsk · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies röströstvoiceröst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sägerDenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of trädgårdenhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase Denträdgårdengardenträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of heterheteris calledheta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceSörmlandSörmlandSörmland · proper noun, nominativedirect object of heterA Swedish province.
What sort of person are you, not to know that much?
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phraseärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to Vadduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Vadförsort offör · prepositionpreposition marking enenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Vadsomwhosom · pronounsubject of vetThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on ensåthatså · adverbmodifies vetmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies vetIt has always been counted among the finest in the realm.”
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of räknadharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of räknadalltidalwaysalltid · adverbmodifies räknadvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to räknadräknadcountedräknad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomamongsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of enenoneman · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of räknadSurfaces are only "en"/"En" used as a counting pronoun ("en av dem" = "one of them"), not the indefinite generic pronoun man/en ("one does X"). Lemma is mistagged as man; it should be en (numeral pronoun "one"). Gloss "one" happens to still be correct.
avamongav · prepositionpreposition marking präktigastedetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of präktigasteSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
präktigastemost splendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies eniamongi · prepositionpreposition marking riketriketrealmrike · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of en- 37
The boy grows a little pensive at the answer, but he has so much to look at that he has no time to work out what it might mean.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of smulasmulaa littlesmula · adverbmodifies blirfundersampensivefundersam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bliröveratöver · prepositionpreposition marking svaretsvaretanswersvar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fundersammenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with blirsåsoså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · adverbdirect object of haratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on harpåatpå · prepositiondepends on seattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hinnerhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hinnerintenotinte · particlemodifies hinnerhinnerget through in timehinna · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blirgrundawork outgrund · adjective, nominative, singularcomplement of hinnerutoutut · adverbdepends on hinnervadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of betydadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of betydakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of betydabetydato meanbetyda · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of hinner As beautiful as it is, with all the flowers and winding waterways, there is still something else that gives him even more pleasure, and that is all the little summerhouses and playhouses set up about the garden.
Såasså · adverbmodifies vackertvackertbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesomassom · pronoundirect object of ärThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on vackertmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking blommorallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of blommorblommorflowersblomma · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraladverbial clause on finnsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslingrandewindingslingra · adjective, nominativemodifies vattendragvattendragwaterwaysvattendrag · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with blommorsåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on finnsfinnsthere isfinnas · verb, present, indicativecoordinated with vackertdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsändåstilländå · adverbmodifies finnsnågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of annatannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of finnssomthatsom · pronoundirect object of harThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on annatmeramoremycket · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies nöjenöjepleasurenöje · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of haravfromav · prepositionpreposition marking harochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of lusthusärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to lusthusallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of lusthusdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of lusthusSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
småsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies lusthuslusthussummerhouseslusthus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with annatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlekstugorplayhouseslekstuga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with lusthussomthatsom · pronounsubject of uppsattaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
äroareäro · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to uppsattaOld plural present tense of vara ('to be').
uppsattaset upuppsatta · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on lusthusiini · prepositionpreposition marking trädgårdenträdgårdengardenträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uppsattaThey are everywhere, but most of all along the edges of the little ponds and canals.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of passive finnasfinnasto existfinnas · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceöverallteverywhereöverallt · adverbmodifies finnasmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationallramost of allallra · adverbmodifies mest"Most of all" only fits "allra ondast" (angriest of all); in "allra vackraste," "allra tunnaste," and "allra förskräckligaste" allra intensifies the following superlative and renders as "very" (the very loveliest/thinnest/worst).
mestmost of allmycket · adverbmodifies finnasvidalongvid · prepositionpreposition marking kantenkantenedgekant · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of finnasavofav · prepositionpreposition marking dammarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of dammarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
småsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dammarnadammarnapondsdamm · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies kantenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkanalernacanalskanal · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with dammarnaThey are not real houses.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of husärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to husingano/noneingen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of husriktigarealriktig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hushushouseshus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralhead of the phraseThey are as small as if they had been built for people no bigger than himself, but they are unbelievably neat and trim.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of småäroareäro · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to småOld plural present tense of vara ('to be').
såasså · adverbmodifies småsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasesomassom · pronounsubject of byggdaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of byggdadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of byggdavorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to byggdabyggdabuiltbyggda · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on småförforför · prepositionpreposition marking folkfolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of byggdasomwhosom · pronounsubject of störreThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies störrevorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to störrestörrebiggerstor · adjective, nominative, comparativerelative clause on folkänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking hanhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on störremenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of prydligaäroarevaroa · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to prydligaArchaic plural present of vara (to be).
otroligtincrediblyotrolig · adverbmodifies prydligaprydliganeatprydlig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with störreochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnättaneat and trimnätta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with prydligaThey are of every conceivable kind: some are like castles with towers and wings, others look like churches, and others like mills or farm cottages.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseäroareäro · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies DeArchaic present plural of 'vara' (to be), mistagged as a noun.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking slagallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of slagupptänkligaconceivableupptänklig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies slagslagkindsslag · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies ärosomligasomesomlig · pronoun, pluralmodifies slottäroarevaroa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies somligaMistagged as a plural noun; surface 'äro' is the archaic plural present of vara (to be).
likaequallylika · adverbmodifies slottslottcastleslott · noun, nominative, neuter, singularin apposition to Demedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking torntorntowertor · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies slottLemma normalized; modern word for the surface 'torn' is torn (tower).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationflyglarwingsflygl · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with slottandraothersannan · pronoun, pluralmodifies slottseseese · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with slottutlookut · adverbdepends on sesomlikesom · prepositionpreposition marking kyrkorFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
kyrkorchurcheskyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of seochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationandraothersannan · pronoun, pluralcoordinated with kyrkorsomlikesom · pronounsubject of kvarnarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kvarnarmillskvarn · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralrelative clause on andraelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbondstugorfarm cottagesbondstuga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with kvarnar- 38
They are so beautiful that the boy would like to stop and look closely at every single one, but he does not dare do anything but follow the gardener.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of vackraäroarevaroa · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to vackraArchaic plural present of vara (to be).
såsoså · adverbmodifies vackravackrabeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stannapojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stannaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of stannaviljato wantvilja · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of stannastannastaystanna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on vackraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationseseese · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with stannanärmarecloselynära · adverbmodifies seType lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära.
påatpå · prepositionpreposition marking varendavarendaevery singlevarenda · determiner, singularoblique complement of seenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies varendamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vågarvågardaresvåga · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with stannaintenotinte · particlemodifies vågarannatanything elseannan · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies vågaränthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of följaföljato followfölja · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on vågarträdgårdsmästarengardenerträdgårdsmästar · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of följa But soon they come to a place grander and more stately than anything they have come upon before.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldirect object of kommatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ställeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ställeställeplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommasomthatsom · pronounsubject of störreThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to störrestörrebiggerstor · adjective, nominative, comparativerelative clause on ställeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationståtligaremore statelyståtlig · adjective, nominative, comparativecoordinated with störreänthanän · prepositionpreposition marking någotnågotanythingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of störresomthatsom · pronoundirect object of råkatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of råkatförutbeforeförut · adverbmodifies råkathahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of råkatråkatcome uponråka · verb, active, supinerelative clause on någotpåuponpå · prepositionpreposition marking råkatIt is built in three stories with a frontispiece and jutting wings.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of byggtärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to byggtbyggtbuiltbygga · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseiini · prepositionpreposition marking våningartrethreetre · numeral, nominativequantifies våningarvåningarstoriesvåning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of byggtmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking frontespisfrontespisfrontispiecefrontespis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies våningarHere the architectural sense denotes a projecting, often gabled central façade.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationutspringandejuttingutspringa · adjective, nominativemodifies flyglarflyglarwingsflygel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with våningarIt stands on a hill in the middle of a flower garden, and the path leading there crosses one canal after another over little ornate bridges.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking kulleenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kullekullehillockkulle · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stårmittin the middlemitt · adverbmodifies kulleiini · prepositionpreposition marking blomsteranläggningenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of blomsteranläggningblomsteranläggningflower gardenblomsteranläggning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stårochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with stårsomthatsom · pronounsubject of lederThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
lederleadsleda · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on vägendittheredit · adverbmodifies ledergårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with ståröveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking kanalendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kanalenenaoneena · adjective, nominativemodifies kanalenkanalencanalkanal · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gårefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking andradenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andraandraothersannan · pronoun, pluralmodifies kanalenpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking broarsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies broarsirligaornatesirlig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies broarbroarbridgesbroar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of går- 39
The boy does not dare do anything but follow at the gardener's heels, but when he has to pass by all this, he sighs so heavily that the stern old man hears it and stops.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive törstörsdarestöra · verb, present, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies törsannatanything elseannan · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies törsänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of följaföljato followfölja · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on törsiati · prepositionpreposition marking hälarnahälarnaheelshälarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of följapåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking trädgårdsmästarenträdgårdsmästarengardenerträdgårdsmästare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hälarnamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåmåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with törsförbipastförbi · adverbdepends on gåalltallall · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of gåsuckarsighssucka · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to törshanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of suckarsåsoså · adverbmodifies tungttungtheavilytung · adverbmodifies suckarattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of strängedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of strängesträngesternstränge · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of suckarhörhearshöra · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with törsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of hörochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstannarstopsstanna · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with hör “This place I call Eriksberg,” he says.
Detaen · determiner, neuter, singularsubject of kallarhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase Detställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase Detkallarcallskalla · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kallarförasför · prepositionpreposition marking EriksbergEriksbergEriksbergEriksberg · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of kallarManor/place name.
sägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with kallarhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of säger“If you want to go in here, you may, but beware of the Lady of Pintorpa!”
VillwantVill · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceininin · adverbdepends on gåhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase insåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on fåkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåfåmayfå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gåmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationaktawatch out/bewareakta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with fådigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of aktaförofför · prepositionpreposition marking PintorpafrunPintorpafrunthe Lady of PintorpaPintorpafrun · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of akta- 40
The one who is not slow to obey that invitation is the boy.
Deniten · pronoun, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomwhosom · pronounsubject of senThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies senärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to sensenslowsen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on Denatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of lydainfinitive marker before a verb.
lydato obeylyda · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on senuppmaningeninvitationuppmaning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lydadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of pojkenärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on Den He runs on down the tree-lined avenue, over the little bridges, up through the flower gardens, in through the gate.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of springerspringerrunsspringa · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceframåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies springerdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of alléenträdkantadetree-linedträdkantad · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies alléenalléenthe avenuealléen · proper noun, nominativedirect object of springeröveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking broarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of broarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
småsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies broarnabroarnathe bridgesbroarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralin apposition to alléenuppupupp · adverbdepends on broarnaigenomthroughigenom · prepositiondepends on broarnablomsteranläggningarnaflower gardensblomsteranläggning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies broarnaininin · adverbmodifies broarnagenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking portenportengateport · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of inEverything seems exactly fitted for someone like him.
Alltsammanseverythingalltsammans · noun, genitive, common gender, singularsubject of synessynesseemssynes · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentencejustjustjust · adverbmodifies avpassatvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to avpassatavpassatfittedavpassad · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of synesförforför · prepositionpreposition marking sådanenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sådansådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of avpassatsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
somlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hanhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sådanThe steps are just the right height, and he can open every lock.
Trappstegenthe stepsTrappstegen · proper noun, nominativesubject of högaäroareäro · particlecopula linking to högaSame archaic present plural of 'vara'; mistagged as particle.
lagomjust rightlagom · adverbmodifies högahögatallhög · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of öppnakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of öppnaöppnato openöppna · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with högavarteveryvar · adverbdeterminer of låslåslocklås · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of öppnaBut never has he believed he would see so much beauty.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of trotthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trotttrottbelievedtrott · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of seskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sefåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of trottsåsoså · adverbmodifies vackertmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies vackertvackertbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of seThe oak floors gleam polished and shining, the ceilings are plastered and painted all over with pictures.
Ekgolventhe oak floorsEkgolven · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of lysalysato shinelysa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceblankashiningblanka · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of lysaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbonadepolishedbona · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blankatakenroofstak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gipsadeäroareäro · adverbcopula linking to gipsadeArchaic plural present tense of vara (they are), not an adverb.
gipsadeplasteredgipsa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lysaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfullmåladepainted all overfullmålad · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with gipsademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking bilderbilderpicturesbild · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gipsadeAlong the walls hangs painting after painting, the furniture has gilded frames and is upholstered in silk.
UtefteralongUtefta · verb, present, indicative, activelinks the coordinationväggarnawallsvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hängerhängerhangshänga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetavlapaintingtavla · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hängervidaftervid · prepositionpreposition marking tavlatavlapaintingtavla · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hängermöblernafurnituremöbl · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to hängerförgylldagildedförgylld · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies karmarkarmarframeskarm · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of haochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationäroareäro · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to överdragnaOld plural present tense of vara ('to be').
överdragnaupholsteredöverdragna · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with hamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sidensidensilksid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of överdragnaHe sees rooms where the walls are lined with books, and he sees rooms where tables and cabinets are crowded with treasures.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencerumroomrum · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on serdärtheredär · adverbmodifies kläddaväggarnawallsvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kläddaäroareäro · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies väggarnaArchaic present plural of 'vara' (to be); modern 'är'.
kläddalinedklädd · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on sermedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking böckerböckerbooksböck · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kläddaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with serrumroomrum · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on serdärtheredär · adverbmodifies fullsattabordtablebord · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase därochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskåpcabinetsskåp · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with bordäroareäro · particlecopula linking to fullsattaSame archaic present plural of 'vara'; mistagged as particle.
fullsattacrowdedfullsätta · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on sermedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking klenoderklenodertreasuresklenod · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of fullsatta- 41
However much he hurries, he does not manage to see half the house before the gardener calls out to him, and when he comes out, the old man is standing biting his mustache with impatience.
Hurhowhur · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies skyndarhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skyndaränhowever muchän · adverbmodifies skyndarskyndarhurriesskynda · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of skyndarhinnerget through in timehinna · verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hinnerintenotinte · particlemodifies seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stårhalvahalfhalv · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies husethusethousehus · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of seförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies roparused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
trädgårdsmästarengardenerträdgårdsmästar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of roparroparcallsropa · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sepåforpå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of roparochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommerhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with seutoutut · adverbdepends on kommerstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegubbenold mangubb · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stårochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbiterbitingbit · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with gubbenTwo examples ('biter') are actually the present tense of bita (to bite), mixed in under this noun key.
ioni · prepositionpreposition marking mustaschernamustaschernamustachesmustascherna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies biteravwithav · prepositionpreposition marking otålighetotålighetimpatienceotålighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies mustascherna - 42
“Well, how did it go?” asks the gardener.
Nåwellnå · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseInterjection 'well/now then', mistagged as a noun.
hurhowhur · adverbmodifies gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Nådetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gickfrågarasksfråga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceträdgårdsmästarengardenerträdgårdsmästare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågar “Did you see the Lady of Pintorpa?”
Fickgot toFå · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of seseseese · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencePintorpafrunthe Lady of PintorpaPintorpafrun · proper noun, nominativedirect object of seBut the boy has not seen a living creature, and when he answers this, the gardener's face contorts.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of settintenotinte · particlemodifies settsettseense · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of varelselevandelivinglevande · adjective, nominativemodifies varelsevarelsecreaturevarelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of settochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of svararhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svararsvararanswerssvara · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on förvridesdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of svararförvridesis contortedförvrida · verb, past, indicative, passiveadverbial clause on settträdgårdsmästarensgardener'strädgårdsmästar · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of ansikteansiktefaceansikte · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of passive förvrides“Has the Lady of Pintorpa gotten to rest, and not I!”
Harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttPintorpafrunthe Lady of PintorpaPintorpafrun · proper noun, nominativesubject of fåttfåttgotten tofå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencevilarestvila · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies jagjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with vila- 43
he says, and the boy has never believed that such despair could quiver in a human voice.
sägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of trottaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies trotttrottbelievedtrott · verb, active, supinecoordinated with sägerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of darrasådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies förtvivlansån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
förtvivlandespairförtvivlan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of darrakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of darradarraquiverdarra · verb, active, infinitivedepends on trottiini · prepositionpreposition marking människoröstenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of människoröstmänniskorösthuman voicesmänniskoröst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of darra - 44
Then the gardener goes on ahead again with long strides, and the boy runs after him, trying all the while to see as much as possible of all the marvels.
DärpåthenDärpå · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gårMistagged as a noun; därpå is the adverb "then/thereupon".
gårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceträdgårdsmästarengardenerträdgårdsmästar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gårförebeforeföre · prepositionmodifies gårigenagainigen · adverbpart of the phrase föremedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking steglångalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stegstegstepssteg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of föreochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of springerspringerrunsspringa · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with gårefterafterefter · prepositiondepends on springerunderall the whileunder · prepositionintroduces the clause of försökerdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase underattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase underhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försökerförsökertriesförsöka · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on springeratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitivedepends on försökersåasså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies sesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of möjligtmöjligtpossiblemöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of sehalf the examples (ch01-p27, ch04-p30) use the fixed idiom 'allt möjligt' = 'all sorts of/everything', not the literal 'possible' sense used in the other two.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking märkvärdigheternaallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of märkvärdigheternamärkvärdigheternamarvelsmärkvärdigheterna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of se They walk around a pond somewhat larger than the rest.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceruntaroundrunt · adverbmodifies dammomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies dammenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dammdammponddamm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåsomthatsom · pronounsubject of störreThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to störrenågotsomewhatnågon · adverbmodifies störrestörrebiggerstor · adjective, nominative, comparativerelative clause on dammänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of övrigadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of övrigaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
övrigathe othersövrig · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on störreLong white pavilions, like manor houses, poke up everywhere out of the shrubbery and flowerbeds.
LångalongLånga · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of stickavitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies paviljongerpaviljongerpavilionspaviljong · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Långalikalikelika · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies herrgårdshusherrgårdshusmanor housesherrgårdshus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with Långastickapoke upsticka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceöverallteverywhereöverallt · adverbmodifies uruppupupp · adverbpart of the phrase överallturout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking buskagerbuskagershrubberiesbuskag · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of stickaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblomgrupperflowerbedsblomgrupp · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with buskagerThe gardener does not stop, but as he walks on ahead, he tosses a word to the boy now and then.
Trädgårdsmästarenthe gardenerTrädgårdsmästaren · proper noun, nominativesubject of stannarSentence-initial capitalized 'trädgårdsmästaren', not a personal name.
stannarstopstanna · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kastarintenotinte · particlemodifies stannarmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gårhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with stannarframåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies gårkastarthrowskasta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kastardånowdå · adverbmodifies kastarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies kastarettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ordordwordord · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kastartillto the boytill · prepositionpreposition marking pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kastar“This pond I call Yngaren.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dammenhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase Dendammenponddamm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kallarkallarcallskalla · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kallarförasför · prepositionpreposition marking YngarenYngarenYngarenYngar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kallarHere you have Danbyholm.
Härherehär · adverbmodifies harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harDanbyholmDanbyholmDanbyholm · proper noun, nominativedirect object of harHere you have Hagbyberga.
Härherehär · adverbmodifies harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harHagbybergaHagbybergaHagbyberga · proper noun, nominativedirect object of harHere you have Hovsta.
Härherehär · adverbmodifies harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harHovstaHovstaHovsta · proper noun, nominativedepends on duHere you have Åkerö.”
Härherehär · adverbmodifies harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harÅkeröÅkeröÅkerö · proper noun, nominativedirect object of har- 45
Then the gardener reaches, in a couple of enormous strides, a new little pond he calls Båven, but here he hears the boy give a cry of astonishment, and so he stops.
Sedanthensedan · adverbmodifies nårnårreachesnå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceträdgårdsmästarengardenerträdgårdsmästar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of nårmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking stegettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies väldigaväldigahugeväldig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stegstegstepssteg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of nårframforwardfram · adverbmodifies stegtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking dammenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dammnynewny · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies dammlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies dammdammponddamm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stegsomthatsom · pronoundirect object of kallarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kallarkallarcallskalla · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on dammBåvenBåvenBåven · proper noun, nominativesubject of nårmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhärherehär · adverbmodifies hörhörhearshöra · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with nårhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gegeto givege · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of hörtillouttill · prepositiondepends on geettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of utroputropcry/exclamationutrop · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of geavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking förvåningförvåningastonishmentförvåning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies utropochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåsoså · adverbmodifies stannarstannarstopsstanna · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with hörhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stannar The boy has come to a halt in front of a little bridge leading out to a castle on an island out in the pond.
Pojkenboypojk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceståendestandingstående · adjective, nominativecomplement of blivitframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking broenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of brolitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies brobrobridgebro · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blivitsomthatsom · pronounsubject of lederThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
lederleadsleda · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on broutoutut · adverbdepends on ledertilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking slottettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of slottslottcastleslott · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of lederpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking öenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ööislandö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies slottuteoutsideute · adverbmodifies lederiini · prepositionpreposition marking dammendammenponddamm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ute- 46
“You may run over to Vibyholm and look around, if you have a mind to,” he says.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of springakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of springafåmayfå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of springaspringato runspringa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceOne cited example uses the homograph springa "slit/crack" (a different noun); this type is the infinitive verb "to run".
överoveröver · adverbmodifies springatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking VibyholmVibyholmVibyholmVibyholm · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of överochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationseseese · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with springadigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of seomaroundom · prepositionpreposition marking seifallififall · subordinating conjunctionmodifies harduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on springalustdesirelust · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of harsägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to springahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of säger “But watch out for the White Lady!”
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtato taketa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of taiwatch outi · prepositiondepends on taaktheedakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iUsed in the fixed phrase ge/ta akt på, 'to pay heed to / be careful of'.
förofför · prepositionpreposition marking frunVitathe White Ladyvita · adjective, nominativemodifies frunfrunladyfru · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ta- 47
And the boy is of course not slow to obey.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceförståsof courseförstås · adverbmodifies ärintenotinte · particlemodifies ärsenslowsen · adverbmodifies äratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of lydainfinitive marker before a verb.
lydato obeylyda · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of är Inside there are so many portraits on the walls that he thinks it is like a great picture book.
Därinnein theredärinne · adverbmodifies finnasfinnasto existfinnas · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies mångamångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies porträttporträttportraitsporträtt · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of passive finnaspåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking väggarnaväggarnawallsvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of porträttattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tyckerhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckertyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on finnasattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bilderbokdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of bilderbokärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to bilderboksomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking bilderbokenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bilderbokstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bilderbokbilderbokpicture bookbilderbok · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of tyckerHe has such a fine time that he would gladly have stayed there all night, but it is not long before he hears the gardener calling for him.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of roligtharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of roligtsåsuchså · adverbmodifies roligtroligtfunrolig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of velathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of velatskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of velathahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of velatvelatwantedvela · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on roligtlemma should be vilja 'to want'; velat is its supine form.
gågogå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of velatdärtheredär · adverbmodifies gåhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies nattennattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gåmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of dröjerdröjertakes a whiledröja · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with roligtintenotinte · particlemodifies dröjerlängelonglänge · adverbmodifies dröjerförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies hörused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörhörhearshöra · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on dröjerhurhowhur · adverbmodifies kallarträdgårdsmästarengardenerträdgårdsmästar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kallarkallarcallskalla · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of hörpåforpå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kallar- 48
“Come now!
KomcomeKom · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencedånowdå · adverbmodifies Kom Come now!” he shouts.
KomcomeKom · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencedånowdå · adverbmodifies Komroparcallsropa · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropar“I have better things to do than stand here waiting for you, you scamp.”
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies harannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of haratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göradogöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on haränthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ståatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ståinfinitive marker before a verb.
ståstandstå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on görahärherehär · adverbmodifies ståochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationväntato waitvänta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with ståpåforpå · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of väntadinyourdu · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of pojkvaskerpojkvaskerscamppojkvask · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of harAn insulting, dismissive term for a boy.
- 49
When the boy comes running back over the bridge, he calls out to him: “Well, how did it go?
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommerpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on roparspringanderunningspringande · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kommerPresent participle of springa (to run), mistagged as a noun.
överoveröver · prepositionpreposition marking bronbronbridgebro · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommerroparcallsropa · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of roparemottoemot · prepositiondepends on roparhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of roparNåwellnå · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseInterjection 'well/now then', mistagged as a noun.
hurhowhur · adverbmodifies gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Nådetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gick Did you see the White Lady?”
Sågseesåg · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceThis type conflates two homographs: 'såg' as the irregular past tense of se (to see) and 'såg/sågar' as the verb/tool 'saw'.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Sågtillseetill · prepositionpreposition marking frunVitaWhiteVita · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies frunfrunladyfru · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Såg- 50
The boy has not seen a living being, and he says so too.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of settintenotinte · particlemodifies settsettseense · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencenågotanågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of väsenlevandelivinglevande · adjective, nominativemodifies väsenväsena living beingväse · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of settochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sägersägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with setthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägerocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies säger Then the old man strikes his spade into a stone with such force that the stone splits in two, and says in a voice that comes up from the very depths of the most terrible despair: “Has the White Lady of Vibyholm gotten to rest, and not I!”
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies huggerhuggerstrikeshugga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of spadengamlethe old mangamle · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularpart of the phrase denDefinite adjective used substantively for 'the old man'.
spadenspadespad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of huggerSame word 'spade' (garden tool); lemma spelling is a tagging artifact.
iintoi · prepositionpreposition marking stenenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stenstenstonesten · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of huggermedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking kraftsådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kraftsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
kraftstrengthkraft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of huggerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of klyvesstenenstonesten · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of klyvesklyvessplitsklyves · adverbadverbial clause on huggeriini · prepositionpreposition marking tutuin twotu · pronoun, pluraloblique complement of klyvesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with klyvesmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking röstenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of röströstvoiceröst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sägersomthatsom · pronounsubject of kommerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on röstdjuptdeeplydjup · adverbmodifies nerifrånnerifrånfrom belownerifrån · adverbmodifies förtvivlandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of förtvivlanallraveryallra · adverbmodifies förfärligaste"Most of all" only fits "allra ondast" (angriest of all); in "allra vackraste," "allra tunnaste," and "allra förskräckligaste" allra intensifies the following superlative and renders as "very" (the very loveliest/thinnest/worst).
förfärligastemost terribleförfärlig · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies förtvivlanförtvivlandespairförtvivlan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommerHarhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceVitaWhitevita · adverbmodifies frunfrunladyfru · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vilapåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking VibyholmVibyholmVibyholmVibyholm · proper noun, nominativemodifies frunfåttgotten tofå · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of vila"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
vilarestvila · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies jagjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with vila- 51
So far they have wandered through the southern part of the garden, but now the gardener heads toward the western part.
Hittillsso farhittills · adverbmodifies vandrathato haveha · verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of vandratdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of vandratvandratwanderedvandra · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceithroughi · prepositionpreposition marking delensödrasouthernsödra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies delendelenpartdel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vandratavofav · prepositionpreposition marking trädgårdenträdgårdengardenträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies delenmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with vandratträdgårdsmästarengardenerträdgårdsmästar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gårmottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking delenvästrawesternvästra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies delendelenpartdel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of går Here the grounds are of a different kind.
Härherehär · adverbmodifies äroäroareäro · adverbhead of the phraseArchaic plural present tense of vara (they are), not an adverb.
anläggningarnathe groundsanläggning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of äroavofav · prepositionpreposition marking slagannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies slagslagkindslag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies anläggningarnaThe ground is leveled into broad lawns, broken up by strawberry beds, cabbage patches, and berry bushes.
Markengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of utjämnadärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to utjämnadutjämnadleveledutjämnad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasetillintotill · prepositionpreposition marking gräsmattorbredabroadbred · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gräsmattorgräsmattorlawnsgräsmatta · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of utjämnadsomthatsom · pronounsubject of passive avbrytasThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
avbrytasbe broken upavbryta · verb, present, indicative, passiverelative clause on gräsmattoravbyav · prepositionpreposition marking jordgubbslandjordgubbslandstrawberry bedsjordgubbsland · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralagent of avbrytaskålsängarcabbage patcheskålsäng · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with jordgubbslandochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbärbuskarberry bushesbärbusk · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with jordgubbslandThe little summerhouses are found here too, but they are mostly painted red, looking most like farm cottages, and are surrounded by hop gardens and cherry groves.
Detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of lusthusenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
småsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies lusthusenlusthusensummerhouseslusthus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of finnasfinnasto existfinnas · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies finnasdärtheredär · adverbmodifies finnasmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of liknaäroarevaroa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralpart of the phrase deMistagged as a plural noun; surface 'äro' is the archaic plural present of vara (to be).
somusuallysom · pronounsubject of rödmåladeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
oftastoftenofta · adverbmodifies rödmåladerödmåladepainted redrödmålad · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on dedetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of liknasurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
liknaresembledlikna · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with finnasMistagged as an adjective; 'liknade'/'likna' are forms of the verb 'likna' (to resemble).
mestmostmycket · adverbmodifies bondstugorbondstugorfarm cottagesbondstuga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of liknaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationäroareäro · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to omgivnaOld plural present tense of vara ('to be').
omgivnasurroundedomgivna · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with liknaavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking humlegårdarhumlegårdarhop gardenshumlegård · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralagent of omgivnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkörsbärsdungarcherry groveskörsbärsdung · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with humlegårdar- 52
Here the gardener stops a moment and tosses these words to the boy: “This district I call Vingåker.”
Härherehär · adverbmodifies stannarstannarstopsstanna · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceträdgårdsmästarengardenerträdgårdsmästar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stannarettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ögonblickögonblickmomentögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of stannarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkastarthrowskasta · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with stannartillto the boytill · prepositionpreposition marking pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kastardessathesedenna · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ordordwordsord · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of kastarDenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of traktenhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase Dentraktenregiontrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kallarkallarcallskalla · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kallarförasför · prepositionpreposition marking VingåkerVingåkerVingåkerVingåker · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of kallar - 53
Just after that he points to a building, built much more plainly than the others and looking most of all like a smithy.
Straxjuststrax · adverbmodifies pekardärefterafterwarddärefter · adverbmodifies pekarpekarpointspeka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of pekarpåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking byggnadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of byggnadbyggnadbuildingbyggnad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of pekarsomthatsom · pronounsubject of uppfördThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to uppfördmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies enklareenklaremore plainlyenkel · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies uppförduppfördbuiltuppföra · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on byggnadMistagged as an adjective; surface 'uppförd' is the past participle of uppföra (to build/erect).
änthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of liknardetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of öfrigaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
öfrigathe othersöfrig · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of liknarÖfriga is the historical spelling of övriga.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmestmost of allmycket · adverbmodifies liknaravofav · prepositionintroduces the clause of liknaralltallall · adverbmodifies liknarliknarresemblesliknar · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on uppfördenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of smedjasmedjasmithysmedja · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of liknar “This here is a great tool workshop,” he says.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of redskapsverkstadhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase Detärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to redskapsverkstadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of redskapsverkstadstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies redskapsverkstadredskapsverkstadtool workshopredskapsverkstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of säger“I call it Eskilstuna.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of kallarkallarcallskalla · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kallarförasför · prepositionpreposition marking EskilstunaEskilstunaEskilstunaEskilstuna · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of kallarYou can go in and look around, if you have a mind to.”
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceininin · adverbdepends on gåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationseseese · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gådigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of seomaroundom · prepositionpreposition marking seifallififall · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of harduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gålustdesirelust · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of har- 54
The boy goes in and sees an immense number of wheels turning, hammers pounding, lathes grinding.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceininin · adverbdepends on gårochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with gårenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of mängdofantligimmenseofantlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies mängdmängda great manymängd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hjulhjulwheelshjul · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcomplement of sersomthatsom · pronounsubject of snurraThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
snurraturningsnurra · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on hjulhammarehammerhammare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with snurrasomthatsom · pronounsubject of smidaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
smidapoundingsmida · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with snurrasvarvarlathessvarv · adjective, nominative, singularcoordinated with smidasomthatsom · pronounsubject of gnidaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
gnidagrindinggnida · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of ser There is so much to look at that he would have liked to stay there all night, had the gardener not called him away.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsfinnsthere isfinnas · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies finnsmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies finnsatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tittainfinitive marker before a verb.
tittato looktitta · verb, active, infinitivedepends on finnspåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking tittaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåskullecouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåhahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of gåkunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on finnsdärtheredär · adverbmodifies gåhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies nattennattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gåomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kallatintenotinte · particlemodifies kallatträdgårdsmästarengardenerträdgårdsmästar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kallathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kallatkallatcalledkalla · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on gåpåforpå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kallat- 55
After that they wander along the lake on the north side of the garden.
DärpåthenDärpå · adverbmodifies vandravandrawandervandra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of vandrautefteralongutefter · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vandrapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sidannorranorthernnorra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sidansidansidesida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sjönavofav · prepositionpreposition marking trädgårdenträdgårdengardenträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sidan The shore goes in and out: it is point and bay, point and bay all the way along the garden.
Strandenshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceutoutut · adverbdepends on gårochandoch · conjunctionmodifies gårininin · adverbcoordinated with gårdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of uddeärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to uddeuddepointudde · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularparallel clause to gårochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvikbayvik · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with uddeuddepointudde · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with uddea headland/point of land.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvikbayvik · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with uddehelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies trädgårdenträdgårdengardenträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uddeutefteralongutefter · verb, present, indicative, activemodifies trädgårdenActually the preposition/adverb 'utefter' (along), mistagged as a verb.
Outside the points lie little islands, separated from the mainland by narrow sounds.
Utanföroutsideutanför · prepositionpreposition marking uddarnauddarnaheadlandsudd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of liggaliggato lieligga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies öaröarislandsöar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcomplement of liggasomwhichsom · pronounsubject of skildaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
äroareäro · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to skildaOld plural present tense of vara ('to be').
skildaseparatedskild · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on öarfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of skildaavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking sundtrånganarrowtrång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sundsundsound/straitsund · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies landNoun meaning a narrow sea channel; tagged as adjective.
The little islands belong to the garden too.
Detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of öarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
småsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies öarnaöarnathe islandsö · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hörahörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies höratillbelong totill · prepositionpreposition marking trädgårdenträdgårdengardenträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of höraThey are tended with the same care as all the rest.
Detheyen · determiner, pluralsubject of planteradeSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
äroareäro · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to planteradeOld plural present tense of vara ('to be').
planteradeplantedplantera · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking omsorgsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of omsorgomsorgcareomsorg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of planteradesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of övrigaalltallall · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies övrigadetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of övrigaövrigaremainingövrig · adjective, nominative, singularclause modifying omsorg- 56
The boy walks past one beautiful spot after another, but he does not stop until he comes to a stately red church.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceförbipastförbi · adverbdepends on gårdetaen · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies gårenaoneena · adjective, nominativemodifies vackravackrabeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies ställetställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gårefterafterefter · prepositionmodifies gårdetaen · determiner, neuter, singularpart of the phrase efterandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularpart of the phrase eftermenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stannarstannarstopstanna · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with gårintenotinte · particlemodifies stannarförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies kommerused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on stannartilluntiltill · prepositionpreposition marking kyrkaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kyrkaståtligstatelyståtlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kyrkarödredröd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ståtligkyrkachurchkyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommer It sits quite grandly on a point overshadowed by rich fruit trees.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of liggerliggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceganskaquiteganska · adverbmodifies ansenligansenligimposingansenlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of liggerpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking uddeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of uddeuddepointudde · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ansenliga headland/point of land.
somthatsom · pronounsubject of överskuggadThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to överskuggadöverskuggadovershadowedöverskuggad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on uddeavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking fruktträdrikarichrik · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies fruktträdfruktträdfruit treesfruktträd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of överskuggadThe gardener would go past as usual, but the boy plucks up his courage and asks leave to go in.
Trädgårdsmästarenthe gardenerTrädgårdsmästaren · proper noun, nominativesubject of gåSentence-initial capitalized 'trädgårdsmästaren', not a personal name.
villwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceförbipastförbi · adverbdepends on gåsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vanligtvanligtusualvanlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on gåmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tartartakesta · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with gåmodcouragemod · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of tartillcouragetill · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of tarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationberasksbe · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with taromforom · prepositiondepends on berlovleavelov · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase omatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fåbe allowed tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tarininin · adverbdepends on gå“Oh, go on in then,” he answers, “but beware of Bishop Rogge!
ÅjaohÅja · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseInterjection meaning 'oh yes'; mistagged as noun.
gågogå · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to Åjaininin · adverbdepends on gådåthendå · adverbmodifies gåsvararanswerssvara · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to Åjahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svararmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationaktawatch out/bewareakta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with svarardigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of aktaförofför · prepositionpreposition marking biskopbiskopbishopbiskop · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies RoggeRoggeRoggeRogge · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of aktaBishop Rogge, a legendary figure.
It may well be that he still hangs about here in Strängnäs to this day.”
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of händakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of händanogwellnog · adverbmodifies händahändato happenhända · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hållerhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hållerhållerkeepshålla · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on händatillhangs abouttill · prepositiondepends on hållerhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase tilliini · prepositionpreposition marking SträngnäsSträngnäsSträngnäsSträngnäs · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of hålleränthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of iitoi · prepositionmodifies hållerdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase i- 57
So the boy runs into the church and looks at old gravestones and lovely altarpieces.
Såsoså · adverbmodifies springerspringerrunsspringa · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of springerininin · adverbdepends on springeriintoi · prepositionpreposition marking kyrkankyrkanchurchkyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of springerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with springerpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking gravvårdargamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gravvårdargravvårdargravestonesgravvård · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of serochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskönabeautifulskön · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies altarskåpaltarskåpaltarpiecesaltarskåp · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with gravvårdar Above all else he admires a knight in gilded armor that he finds in a chamber beside the porch.
Framförin front offramför · prepositionmodifies beundrarallteverythingall · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase Framförannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase alltbeundraradmiresbeundra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of beundrarenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ryttareryttareriderryttare · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of beundrariini · prepositionpreposition marking rustningförgylldgildedförgylld · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies rustningrustningarmorrustning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ryttaresomthatsom · pronoundirect object of finnerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finnerfinnerfindsfinna · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on beundrariini · prepositionpreposition marking kammareenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kammarekammarechamberkammare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of finnerbredvidbesidebredvid · prepositionpreposition marking förhusetförhusetthe porchförhus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of finnerHere too there is so much to see that he would have liked to stay all night, but he must be off so as not to keep the gardener waiting.
Härherehär · adverbmodifies finnsocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies finnsfinnsthere isfinnas · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies finnsmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies finnsatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on finnsattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stannahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stannaskullecouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of stannahahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of stannakunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of stannastannastaystanna · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of sehelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies nattennattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of stannamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gemåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gegeto givege · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with stannasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of geavoffav · prepositiondepends on geförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of låtaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of låtainfinitive marker before a verb.
intenotinte · particlemodifies låtalåtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on geträdgårdsmästarengardenerträdgårdsmästare · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of låtaväntato waitvänta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låta- 58
When he comes back out, he notices that the gardener is standing watching an owl hunting a redstart up in the air.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommerhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on märkerutoutut · adverbdepends on kommerigenagainigen · adverbmodifies kommermärkernoticesmärka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märkerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stårträdgårdsmästarengardenerträdgårdsmästar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of märkerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbetraktarstudiesbetrakta · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with stårenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ugglaugglaowluggla · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of betraktarsomthatsom · pronounsubject of jagarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagarhuntingjaga · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on ugglaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rödstjärtrödstjärta redstartrödstjärd · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of jagaruppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies jagariini · prepositionpreposition marking luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uppe The old man whistles to the redstart, and it comes to him and settles trustingly on his shoulder, and when the owl comes flying after it in its hunting eagerness, he chases her off with the spade.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gamlegamlethe old mangamle · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of visslarDefinite adjective used substantively for 'the old man'.
visslarwhistlesvissla · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceåttoåt · prepositionpreposition marking rödstjärtenrödstjärtenthe redstartrödstjärt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of visslardenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to visslartilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslårsettlesslå · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with kommertryggttrustinglytryggn · adverbdirect object of slårnerdownner · adverbdepends on slårpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking axelhanshishan · pronounpossessor of axelaxelshoulderaxel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of flygerugglanowluggla · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flygerflygerfliesflyga · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with kommerefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking dendenaen · determiner, common gender, singularoblique complement of flygeriini · prepositionpreposition marking jaktiversinhersig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of jaktiverjaktiverhunting eagernessjaktiv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flygerjagarchases offjaga · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with visslarhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of jagarbortawaybort · adverbdepends on jagarhenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of jagarmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking spadenspadenspadespad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of jagarSame word 'spade' (garden tool); lemma spelling is a tagging artifact.
“He's not as fierce as he looks,” the boy thinks, seeing how tenderly the old man protects the poor little songbird.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of farligärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to farlignogprobablynog · adverbmodifies farligintenotinte · particlemodifies farligsåasså · adverbmodifies farligfarligdangerousfarlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomassom · pronoundirect object of serThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on farligutlookut · adverbdepends on sertänkerthinktänka · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to farligpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkernärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of serhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tänkerhurhowhur · adverbmodifies ömtömttenderlyömt · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of serdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gamlegamleold mangamle · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ömtskyddarprotectsskydda · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of serdeniten · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of skyddarstackarspoorstackars · verb, past, indicative, passivepossessor of sångfågelnBackbone mistags this as a verb; stackars is the indeclinable adjective 'poor/wretched'.
sångfågelnthe songbirdsångfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skyddar- 59
But as soon as the gardener catches sight of the boy, he turns toward him and asks whether he saw Bishop Rogge.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåasså · adverbintroduces the clause of serfortfastfort · adverbpart of the phrase såträdgårdsmästarengardenerträdgårdsmästar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on vänderpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of servänderturns towardvända · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändersighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vändermottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vänderochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfrågarasksfråga · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with vänderomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of såghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of frågarpast tense of se, 'to see.'
biskopbishopbiskop · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies RoggeRoggeRoggeRogge · proper noun, nominativedirect object of sågBishop Rogge, a legendary figure.
And when the boy answers no, he says with the greatest grief: “Has Bishop Rogge gotten to rest, and not I!”
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of svararpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svararsvararanswerssvara · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sägernejnonej · interjectiondirect object of svararsägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägermedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking grämelsedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of grämelsestörstabiggeststor · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies grämelsegrämelsegriefgrämelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sägerHarhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttbiskopbishopbiskop · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies RoggeRoggeRoggeRogge · proper noun, nominativesubject of fåttBishop Rogge, a legendary figure.
fåttgotten tofå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencevilarestvila · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies jagjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with vila- 60
Soon after, they come to the grandest of the many dollhouses.
Kortshortlykort · adverbmodifies därpådärpåthen/after thatdärpå · adverbmodifies kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ansenligastedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ansenligasteansenligastethe grandestansenlig · adjective, nominative, superlativeoblique complement of kommaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking dockhusendetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of dockhusenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
mångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dockhusendockhusenthe dollhousesdockhus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies ansenligaste It is a brick-built stronghold with three sturdy round towers, joined by long ranges of buildings.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of borgärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to borgenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of borgtegelmuradbrick-builttegelmurad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies borgborgcastleborg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking bastantatrethreetre · numeral, nominativequantifies bastantabastantasturdybastant · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies borgrundaroundrund · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies torntorntowerstor · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with bastantaPlural of torn ('tower'); lemma mislabeled 'tor'.
förenadejoinedförena · verb, past, indicative, activeclause modifying borgmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking huslängorlångalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies huslängorhuslängorranges of buildingshuslänga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of förenade- 61
“Go in and look around, if you have a mind to!” says the gardener.
Gågogå · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceininin · adverbdepends on Gåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationseseese · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with Gådigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of seomaroundom · prepositionpreposition marking seifallififall · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of harduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on Gålustdesirelust · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of harsägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to Gåträdgårdsmästarengardenerträdgårdsmästar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of säger “This is Gripsholm, and here you must beware of King Erik.”
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of Gripsholmhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase Detärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to GripsholmGripsholmGripsholmGripsholm · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseCastle on Lake Mälaren.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhärherehär · adverbmodifies aktaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of aktaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of aktaaktawatch out/bewareakta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with Gripsholmdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of aktasåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of råkarattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkarintenotinte · particlemodifies råkarråkarhappens toråka · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on Gripsholmutencounterut · adverbdepends on råkarförofför · prepositionpreposition marking Erikkungkingkung · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ErikErikErikErik · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of råkar- 62
The boy goes through a deep gateway and comes into a large triangular courtyard surrounded by low buildings.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking portvalvettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of portvalvdjuptdeepdjup · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies portvalvportvalvgateway archportvalv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gårochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with gårininin · adverbdepends on kommerpåintopå · prepositionpreposition marking storenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommertrekantigtriangulartrekantig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gårdgårdcourtyardgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with storsomthatsom · pronounsubject of omgivenThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to omgivenomgivensurroundedomgiven · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on gårdavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking huslågalowlåg · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hushushouseshus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of omgiven They do not look especially grand, and the boy does not bother going into them.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of seselookse · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies sesåsoså · adverbmodifies särdelessärdelesespeciallysärdela · adverbmodifies seOld spelling of särdeles.
förnämligagrandförnämlig · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of särdelesutlookut · adverbdepends on särdelesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bryrbryrcaresbry · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with seAlmost always used reflexively, bry sig om, 'to care about'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bryrintenotinte · particlemodifies bryromtoom · prepositionintroduces the clause of gåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gåinfinitive marker before a verb.
gågogå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on bryrininin · adverbdepends on gåiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of gåHe merely hops over a couple of long cannons standing there and then runs on further.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hopparbarajustbara · adverbmodifies hopparhopparhopshoppa · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebockleapfrogbock · adverbmodifies hopparettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of slagslaga momentslag · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hopparöveroveröver · adverbpreposition marking kanonerettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies kanonerlångalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kanonerkanonercannonskanon · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of hopparsomthatsom · pronounsubject of ståThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ståstandstå · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on kanonerdärtheredär · adverbmodifies ståochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationspringerrunsspringa · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with hopparsedanthensedan · adverbmodifies springervidarefurthervidare · adverbmodifies springerHe goes through yet another deep gateway and comes to yet another courtyard, surrounded by splendid buildings, and here he goes in.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking portvalvännuanotherännu · adverbmodifies portvalvettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of portvalvdjuptdeepdjup · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies portvalvportvalvgateway archportvalv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gårochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with gårtilltotill · prepositiondepends on kommerännuanotherännu · adverbmodifies enenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of borggårdborggårdcourtyardborggård · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kommersomthatsom · pronounsubject of omgivenThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to omgivenomgivensurroundedomgiven · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on borggårdavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking byggnaderpräktigasplendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies byggnaderbyggnaderbuildingsbyggnad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralagent of omgivenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhärherehär · adverbmodifies gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with gårhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gårininin · adverbdepends on gårHe comes to great old-fashioned rooms, with crossbeams visible in the ceiling and all the walls covered with tall, dark paintings in which solemn gentlemen and ladies are pictured in strange, stiff costumes.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking storastorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluraloblique complement of kommergammaldagsold-fashionedgammaldags · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies rumrumroomrum · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with storamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking tvärbjälkartvärbjälkarcrossbeamstvärbjälk · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kommersynligavisiblesynlig · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of tvärbjälkariini · prepositionpreposition marking takettaketrooftak · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of synligaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of väggarväggarwallsvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with tvärbjälkartäcktacoveredtäckt · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying väggaravbyav · prepositionpreposition marking tavlorhögatallhög · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tavlormörkadarkmörk · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tavlortavlorpaintingstavla · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralagent of täcktadärtheredär · adverbmodifies avbildadeallvarsammasolemnallvarsamma · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies herrarherrargentlemenherre · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of avbildadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdamerladiesdam · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with herraräroareäro · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to avbildadeOld plural present tense of vara ('to be').
avbildadedepictedavbilda · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on tavloriini · prepositionpreposition marking dräkterbesynnerligapeculiarbesynnerliga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dräkterstyvastiffstyv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies dräkterdräktercostumesdräkt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of avbildade- 63
One flight higher up he finds brighter, more cheerful rooms.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of trappatrappastaircasetrappa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finnerhögrehigherhög · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies uppuppupupp · adverbmodifies finnerfinnerfindsfinna · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finnerljusarebrighterljus · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies rumochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgladaremore cheerfulglad · adjective, nominative, comparativecoordinated with ljusarerumroomrum · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of finner Now he truly notices that he is in a royal castle, for he sees nothing but splendid portraits of kings and queens on the walls.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies märkermärkernoticesmärka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märkerriktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies märkerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ärhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of märkerpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking slottettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of slottkungligtroyalkunglig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies slottslottcastleslott · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ärförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of serhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ärintenotinte · particlemodifies serannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of seränthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of grannagrannafinegranna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of seradjective granna ('fine, splendid, gaily colored'); mistagged as noun.
porträttportraitsporträtt · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of serBoth examples use the zero-plural form porträtt, despite the singular morphology tag.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking kungarkungarkingskung · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies porträttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdrottningarqueensdrottning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with kungarpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking väggarnaväggarnawallsvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of serBut one flight higher still there is a great attic, and around it lie all sorts of rooms.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of trappatrappastaircasetrappa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasehögrehigherhög · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies vinduppupupp · adverbpart of the phrase högreärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to vindenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vindstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vindvindatticvind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to trappavind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationruntaroundrunt · adverbmodifies liggaomifom · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase runtdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of liggaliggato lieligga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with trappamångahandaall manner ofmångahand · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies rumrumroomsrum · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of liggaThere
Detthereen · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phrasethis type bundles three distinct functions of the neuter forms det/ett under one entry.
- 64
are bright rooms with fine white furniture, and there is a little theater, and right beside it a real prison: a room with bare stone walls and barred slits and a floor worn by the heavy steps of prisoners.
finnsarefinnas · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentenceljusapale/lightljus · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies rumrumroomsrum · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of finnsmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking möblervitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies möblerskönabeautifulskön · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with vitamöblerfurnituremöbel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of finnsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsfinnsthere isfinnas · verb, present, indicativecoordinated with finnsenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of teaterlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies teaterteatertheaterteat · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of finnsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies fängelsedärbredvidbeside itdärbredvid · adverbmodifies fängelseettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of fängelseriktigtrealriktig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies fängelsefängelseprisonfängelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with finnsettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of rumrumroomrum · noun, nominative, neuter, singularin apposition to fängelsemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking stenväggarnaknabarenakn · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stenväggarstenväggarstone wallsstenvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies rumochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgallergluggarbarred slitsgallerglugg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with stenväggarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of golvgolvfloorgolv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with stenväggarsomthatsom · pronounsubject of nöttThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to nöttnöttwornnötd · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularrelative clause on golvavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking stegfångarnasthe prisoners'fångarnas · noun, genitive, common gender, pluralpossessor of stegtungaheavytung · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stegstegstepssteg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of nött - 65
There is so much to see that the boy thinks he would gladly have stayed there for many days, but the gardener calls to him, and he does not dare do anything but obey.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies finnsfinnsthere isfinnas · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies finnsmycketmuchmycket · adverbsubject of finnsatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on finnsattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tyckerpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckertyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of seattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of velathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of velatskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of velathahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of velatvelatwantedvela · verb, active, supineclausal complement of tyckerlemma should be vilja 'to want'; velat is its supine form.
gågogå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of velatdärtheredär · adverbmodifies gåifori · prepositionpreposition marking darmångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dardardaysd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gåmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationträdgårdsmästarengardenerträdgårdsmästar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kallarkallarcallskalla · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with velatpåforpå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kallarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vågarvågardaresvåga · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with velatintenotinte · particlemodifies vågarannatanything elseannan · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies vågaränthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lydalydato obeylyda · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on vågar - 66
“Did you see King Erik?” he asks when the boy comes out.
Sågdid you seesåg · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Sågtillseetill · prepositionpreposition marking Erikkungkingkung · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ErikErikErikErik · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of Sågfrågarasksfråga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågarnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommerpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on frågarutoutut · adverbdepends on kommer But the boy has seen nothing, and then the old man says, as is his way, but with even deeper despair: “Has King Erik gotten to rest, and not I!”
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of settingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of settsettseense · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseBackbone mistags this as an adjective; the surface (sett) is the supine of se, 'to see'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies sägersägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with settgubbenold mangubb · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägersomassom · pronoundirect object of brukarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brukarbrukartends tobruka · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sägerfastbutfast · adverbclause modifying brukarmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking förtvivlanänthanän · subordinating conjunctionmodifies djuparedjuparedeeperdjup · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies förtvivlanförtvivlandespairförtvivlan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fastHarhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåkungkingkung · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ErikErikErikErik · proper noun, nominativesubject of gåfåttgotten tofå · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of gå"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
gågogå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencetillto resttill · prepositionpreposition marking vilavilarestvila · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies jagjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with gå- 67
So they go on to the eastern part of the garden.
Såsoså · adverbmodifies gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gåframforwardfram · adverbmodifies gåtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking delenöstraeasternöster · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies delendelenpartdel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of framavofav · prepositionpreposition marking trädgårdenträdgårdengardenträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies delen They pass a bathhouse the gardener calls Södertälje, and an old castle he calls Hörningsholm.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceförbipastförbi · adverbdepends on gåettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of badhusbadhusbathhousebadhus · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gåsomthatsom · pronoundirect object of kallarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
trädgårdsmästarengardenerträdgårdsmästar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kallarkallarcallskalla · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on badhusSödertäljeSödertäljeSödertälje · proper noun, nominativedirect object of kallarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of slottgammaltoldgammal · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies slottslottcastleslott · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with Södertäljesomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of kallarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kallarkallarcallskalla · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on slottHörningsholmHörningsholmHörningsholm · proper noun, nominativedirect object of kallarThere is not much else to see here.
Härherehär · adverbmodifies ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceannarsotherwiseannars · adverbmodifies ärintenotinte · particlemodifies ärsåsoså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies äratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitivedepends on ärIt is full of cliffs and skerries, growing ever more desolate and bare the farther out they lie.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with klipporärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to klipporfulltfullfull · adverbmodifies klipporAdverbial use of full/fullt, e.g. 'fullt så' = 'quite as'.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking klipporklipporcliffsklippa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskärskerryskär · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with klipporThis is the noun 'skär' (skerry), mistagged as an adjective by the backbone.
somthatsom · pronounsubject of bliThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
blibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivedepends on klipporallteverallt · adverbmodifies ödsligareödsligaremore desolateödslig · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of bliochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnaknarebarernaknare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with ödsligarejutheju · adverbmodifies liggalängrefartherlänge · adverbmodifies liggautoutut · adverbpart of the phrase längredetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralauxiliary of liggaliggato lieligga · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to klippor- 68
They now turn south, and the boy recognizes that hedge called Kolmården, and understands that they are drawing near the exit.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of vändavändato turnvända · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies vändamotsouthmot · prepositionmodifies vändasödersouthsöder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase motochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kännerkännerfeelskänna · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with vändaigenagainigen · adverbdepends on kännerdeniten · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of kännerdärtheredär · adverbmodifies kännerhäckenthe hedgehäcke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kännersomthatsom · pronounsubject of heterThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
heteris calledheta · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on häckenKolmårdenKolmårdenKolmårde · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of heterProper place name of the forest; lemma preserves the indefinite base form.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförstårunderstand(s)förstå · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with kännerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of närmadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of närmanärmaapproachnärma · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of förstårsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of närmautgångenexitutgång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of närma - 69
He is glad of everything he has gotten to see, and as he now nears the great iron gate, he would gladly thank the gardener.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gladärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to gladgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseåtofåt · prepositionpreposition marking alltallteverythingall · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of gladsomthatsom · pronoundirect object of seThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of seharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sefåttgotten tofå · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of se"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on alltochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of nalkashanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive nalkasnunownu · adverbmodifies nalkasnalkasdraws nearnalka · verb, present, indicative, passivecoordinated with sedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gallergrindenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gallergrindenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
gallergrindenthe iron gategallergrind · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of passive nalkasvillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tackahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tackagärnagladlygärna · adverbmodifies tackaType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
tackathanktacka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gladGloss 'thank' is correct for the infinitive verb, but example ch13-p20-s8 ('sade en gammal tacka') uses the unrelated homograph noun 'tacka' meaning 'ewe' — that example is mis-slotted under this verb lemma and should not be read as 'to thank'.
trädgårdsmästarengardenerträdgårdsmästare · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tacka But the old man does not listen to him at all, but goes straight to the gate.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgubbenold mangubb · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörhörhearshöra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies hörallsat allalls · adverbmodifies hörpåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hörutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
gårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with hörbarajustbara · adverbmodifies gårrättrighträtt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of gårframforwardfram · adverbmodifies gårtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking portenportengateport · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of framThere he turns to the boy and hands him his spade.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies vändervänderturns tovända · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändersighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vändertilltowardtill · prepositionpreposition marking pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vänderochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationräckerhandsräcka · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with vänderhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of räckersinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of spadespadespadespade · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of räcker“Here,” he says, “hold this while I unlock the gate!”
Selookse · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencehärherehär · adverbmodifies Sesägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to Sehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägerhålldirectionshåll · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of Seion toi · prepositiondepends on Sedenaen · determiner, common gender, singularpart of the phrase ihärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase denmedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of låserjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låserlåserunlocklåsa · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on Seoppupoppa · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on låserDialectal form of upp ("up"), a particle, not a finite verb; the parser mistagged it.
grindengategrind · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of opp- 70
But the boy is already so anxious over all the trouble he has caused the gruff old fellow that he wants to spare him further effort.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ängsligärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to ängsligredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies ängsligsåsoså · adverbmodifies ängsligängsliganxiousängslig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseföraboutför · prepositionpreposition marking besväralltallall · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of besvärbesvärtroublebesvär · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ängsligsomthatsom · pronoundirect object of vållatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vållatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of vållatvållatcausedvålla · verb, active, supinerelative clause on besvärdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of karlenbarskagruffbarsk · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gamlagamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies karlenkarlenmankarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of vållatattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sparahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sparavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sparasparato sparespara · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying besvärhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sparavidarefurthervid · adverbmodifies sparamödaeffortmöda · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of spara “You needn't open this heavy gate for my sake,” he says, and with that he slips out through the ironwork.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies öppnabehöverneedbehöva · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of öppnaniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of öppnasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
öppnato openöppna · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of grindenhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase dentungaheavytung · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies grindengrindengategrind · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of öppnaförforför · prepositionpreposition marking minminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of öppnapossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
skullsakeskull · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on minonly occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'.
sägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with öppnahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking detsammadetsammathe samedensamma · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of smygersmygercreepssmyga · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with öppnahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of smygerutoutut · adverbmodifies smygergenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking gallerverketgallerverketthe ironworkgallerverket · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of utIt is no difficulty at all for one so small as he.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of svårighetärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to svårighetintenotinte · particlemodifies svårighetnågonnonågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of svårighetsvårighetdifficultysvårighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseallsat allalls · adverbmodifies honomförforför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of svårighetsomwhosom · pronounsubject of litenThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to litensåsoså · adverbmodifies litenlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on svårighet- 71
He does this with the very best of intentions, and he is quite astonished when he hears the gardener roar in anger behind him, stamp on the ground, and shake the gate violently.
Dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of görgördoesgöra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of göriwithi · prepositionpreposition marking välmeningstörstabiggeststor · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies välmeningvälmeninggood intentionsvälmening · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of görochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies förvånadförvånadastonishedförvånad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with görblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on förvånadhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blirnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hörhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörhörhearshöra · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on förvånadattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ryterträdgårdsmästarengardenerträdgårdsmästar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ryterryterroarsryta · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on förvånadtillroartill · prepositiondepends on ryteriini · prepositionpreposition marking vredevredeangervrede · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ryterbakombehindbakom · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ryterstamparstampsstampa · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with ryterioni · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stamparochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhäftigtviolentlyhäftig · adverbmodifies skakarskakarshakesskaka · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with ryteriati · prepositionpreposition marking gallergrindengallergrindenthe iron gategallergrind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skakar - 72
“What is it?
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phraseärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to Vaddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of Vad What is it?” says the boy.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phraseärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to Vaddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of Vadsägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of säger“I only wanted to spare the gardener trouble.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sparavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sparabarajustbara · adverbmodifies sparasparato sparespara · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceträdgårdsmästarengardenerträdgårdsmästar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpossessor of besvärbesvärtroublebesvär · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sparaWhy are you so angry?”
Varförwhyvarför · adverbmodifies ärärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to ondniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ondsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
såsoså · adverbmodifies ondondangryond · adjective, nominativehead of the phraseond usually means 'angry/furious' in these contexts, but can mean 'evil' elsewhere.
- 73
“I may well be angry,” says the old man.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ondmåmaymå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of ondvälwellväl · adverbmodifies ondvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to ondondangryond · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasethis is the adjective ond meaning 'angry' in this idiom (bli ond), not a numeral.
sägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to onddenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gamlegamleold mangamle · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of säger “It would have taken no more than for you to have taken my spade, and you would have gotten to stay here and tend the garden, but I would have been relieved of my post.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with behövtshadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of behövtsintenotinte · particlemodifies behövtsbehövtsbeen neededbehövts · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencemeramoremycket · adverbmodifies behövtsänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tagitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tagitduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tagithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tagittagittakenta · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on behövtsemottakeemot · adverbdepends on tagitminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of spadepossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
spadespadespade · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tagitsåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on gåhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåfåttgotten tofå · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of gå"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
gågogå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on behövtskvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on gåhärherehär · adverbmodifies gåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskötato tend tosköta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gåträdgårdengardenträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skötamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of avlösthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of avlöstblivitbecomebli · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of avlöstavlöstrelievedavlöst · verb, active, supinecoordinated with gåNow I don't know how much longer I shall have to go about here.”
Nunownu · adverbmodifies vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetintenotinte · particlemodifies vethurhowhur · adverbmodifies längelängemuch longerlänge · adverbmodifies gåjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåfårshall have tofå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of vethärherehär · adverbmodifies gå- 74
He stands there shaking the gate, looking terribly angry, but the boy cannot help feeling sorry for him, and wants to comfort him.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedärtheredär · adverbmodifies stårochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskakarshakesskaka · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with ståriati · prepositionpreposition marking grindengrindengategrind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skakarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with stårförfärligtterriblyförfärlig · adverbmodifies ondondangryond · adjective, nominativecomplement of serond usually means 'angry/furious' in these contexts, but can mean 'evil' elsewhere.
utlookut · adverbdepends on sermenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låtakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of låtaintenotinte · particlemodifies låtalåtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with stårblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låtaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tyckainfinitive marker before a verb.
tyckato thinktycka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on bliattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of synddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of syndärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to syndsyndsorrysynd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of låtaomforom · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of syndochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villvillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tröstatröstato comforttrösta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with syndhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of trösta - 75
“You mustn't be sad about this, Lord Karl of Södermanland,” he says, “for there is no one who would tend your pleasure garden as well as you do.”
Niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ledsensecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
skawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of ledsenintenotinte · particlemodifies ledsenvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to ledsenledsensadledse · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseLemma normalized to older form 'ledse'; modern spelling is 'ledsen'.
föraboutför · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of ledsenherrLordherr · proper noun, nominativesubject of sägerKarlKarlKarl · proper noun, nominativedepends on herravofav · prepositionpreposition marking SödermanlandSödermanlandSödermanlandSödermanland · proper noun, nominativemodifies Karlsägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to ledsenhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägerförforför · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsfinnsthere isfinnas · verb, present, indicativeclausal complement of sägeringenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularexpletive with finnssomwhosom · pronounsubject of skötaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
skullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skötaskötato tend tosköta · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on ingenomofom · prepositiondepends on skötaeryouni · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of lustgårdlustgårdpleasure gardenlustgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skötasåasså · adverbmodifies välvälwellväl · adverbmodifies skötasomassom · pronoundirect object of görThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of görsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
gördoesgöra · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of skötadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of gör - 76
When the boy says this, the old gardener grows quite still and silent, and the boy thinks a brightening passes over the hard features.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sägerpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägersägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blirdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sägerblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of trädgårdsmästarengamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies trädgårdsmästarenträdgårdsmästarengardenerträdgårdsmästar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blirheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies stillastillastillstilla · adverbcomplement of blirochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtystquiettyst · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with stillaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckertyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with blirattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gårdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of tyckersomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ljusningenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ljusningljusningbrighteningljusning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåröveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking dragendetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of dragenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
hårdahardhård · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dragendragenthe featuresdrag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ljusning But he cannot see properly, for at the same moment the whole figure grows pale and vanishes like a mist.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sekancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of seintenotinte · particlemodifies seseseese · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceriktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies seförforför · prepositionadverbial clause on bleknarpåat oncepå · prepositionpreposition marking gångsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of gånggångmomentgång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bleknarbleknargrows paleblekna · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sehelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gestaltengestaltenthe figuregestalt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bleknarbortawaybort · adverbdepends on bleknarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförsvinnerdisappearsförsvinna · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sesomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dimmaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dimmadimmathe fogdimma · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of försvinnerAnd not only he, but the whole garden grows pale and vanishes, with its flowers and fruit and sunshine, and where it has stood there is nothing to be seen now but wild, poor woodland.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies hanbarajustbara · adverbmodifies hanhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bleknarutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
helawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies trädgårdenträdgårdengardenträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bleknarbleknargrows paleblekna · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on synsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförsvinnerdisappearsförsvinna · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with bleknarmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking blommorblommorflowersblomma · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of försvinnerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfrukterfruitfrukt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with blommorochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsolskensunshinesolsk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with blommorLemma is truncated; the word is 'solsken' (sunshine).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärtheredär · adverbmodifies ståttdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of ståttharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of ståttståttstoodstå · verb, active, supinecoordinated with bleknarsynscan be seensynas · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentenceingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of synsannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies synsänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skogsmarkvildwildvild · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies skogsmarkochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfattigpoorfattig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with vildskogsmarkforest landskogsmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on syns
The particulars
- The text
- Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige, Selma Lagerlöf. The Wonderful Adventures of Nils.
- Translation
- Public-domain Swedish (Lagerlöf, d. 1940; published 1906–07). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
- Words
- Every word of the text, by letter.
- Data
- JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents