Swedish · The Wonderful Adventures of Nils
I Närke
In Närke
Tap a sentence to open its words.
- 1
In Närke there once was something in the world that had no equal anywhere else, and that was a troll called Ysätters-Kajsa.
Iini · prepositionpreposition marking NärkeNärkeNärkeNärke · nounoblique complement of fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsförrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies fannsiini · prepositionpreposition marking världenvärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fannsnågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies fannssomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadeintenotinte · particlemodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on någotmakethe likemake · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeused in 'sett make/maken till' meaning nothing comparable had been seen.
tillequaltill · prepositionpreposition marking sompåelsewherepå · prepositionpreposition marking hållandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hållhålldirectionshåll · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of trollvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to trollettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of trolltrolltrolltroll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with fannssomthatsom · pronounsubject of hetteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hettewas namedhette · verb, past, indicative, activein apposition to trollYsätters-KajsaYsätters-KajsaYsätters-Kajsa · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hetteName of a storm troll in Närke folklore.
- 2
She had gotten the name Kajsa because she had a great deal to do with storm and gale — such wind-trolls are always called that — and the surname because she was said to come from Ysätterskärret in Asker parish.
Namnetthe nameNamnet · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies KajsaKajsaKajsaKajsa · proper noun, nominativesubject of fåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåtthonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåttfåttgottenfå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencedärförbecausedärför · adverbmodifies fåttattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of fåttmycketmuchmycket · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göradogöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking stormstormstormstorm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of göraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblåstgaleblåsa · verb, active, supinecoordinated with göraAll four examples use 'blåst' as the noun meaning 'wind/gale' (efter all blåst, med blåst och duggregn, storm och blåst, samma blåst och köld), not as the supine of the verb blåsa ('has blown'); the type record conflates the homograph. Default gloss corrected to the attested noun sense.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsådanasuchsån · pronoun, pluralcoordinated with blåstColloquial/old plural of sådan ('such').
därtheredär · adverbmodifies kallasvindtrollwind-trollvindtroll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive kallasalltidalwaysalltid · adverbmodifies kallasbrukausuallybruka · verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of kallasFirst example ('hon knappast kunde bruka den' = 'she could scarcely use it', of an injured wing) is the sense 'to use', which was missing from the senses list.
kallasbe calledkalla · verb, passive, infinitiveadverbial clause on hadesåthatså · adverbmodifies kallasochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtillnamnetthe surnametillnamn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with hadedärförbecausedärför · adverbmodifies tillnamnetattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommenhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommenskullewas said toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommenvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to kommenkommencome fromkomm · verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominativeclause modifying tillnamnetfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking YsätterskärretYsätterskärretYsätterskärretYsätterskärret · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommeniini · prepositionpreposition marking sockenAskersAsker'sAsker · proper noun, genitivepossessor of sockenSwedish parish name.
sockenparishsocke · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies Ysätterskärret - 3
It does seem as though her true home must have been in Asker, but she was known to show herself elsewhere too.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with tyckstycksseemstyckas · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentencenogapparentlynog · adverbmodifies tyckssomas thoughsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of haftomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hafthonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haftskullemust haveskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on tyckssitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of hemvistpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
egentligatrueegentlig · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies hemvisthemvisthomehemvist · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haftiini · prepositionpreposition marking AskerAskerAskerAsker · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of haftmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brukadebrukadeused tobruka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tycksocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies visavisato showvisa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of brukadesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of visapåelsewherepå · prepositionpreposition marking hållandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hållhålldirectionshåll · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of visa Nowhere in all of Närke could one be sure of not running into her.
Ingenstansnowhereingenstans · noun, genitive, common gender, singularhead of the phraseiini · prepositionpreposition marking Närkehelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies NärkeNärkeNärkeNärke · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies Ingenstanskundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of säkermanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of säkervarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to säkersäkersuresäker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of råkainfinitive marker before a verb.
intenotinte · particlemodifies råkaråkarun intoråka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on säkerutrun intout · adverbdepends on råkaförintoför · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of råka- 4
She was not some dark and gloomy troll, but merry and playful, and what she liked best of all was a good hard blow of wind.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of mörktvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to mörktintenotinte · particlemodifies mörktnågotsomenågon · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies mörktmörktdarkmörk · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies trollochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdystertgloomydystert · adverbcoordinated with mörkttrolltrolltroll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
muntermerrymunt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with trollMislabeled as a plural noun; munter is the adjective "cheerful/merry" (common gender singular).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlustigplayfullustig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with munterochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tycktehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vadbästbestbra · adverbmodifies tyckteavofav · prepositionintroduces the clause of tyckteallteverythingall · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with trollomlikedom · prepositiondepends on tycktedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of blåsvädervarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to blåsväderettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of blåsväderduktigtconsiderableduktig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies blåsväderIn all four examples duktig(t) is an intensifier meaning 'considerable/hearty/thorough' (duktigt tilltagen = 'built on a grand scale'; ett duktigt blåsväder = 'a good hard blow of wind'; ett duktigt arbete = 'a good day's work'), not the 'skilled/capable (of a person)' sense the glosser used.
blåsväderstrong windblåsväder · noun, nominative, neuter, singularparallel clause to troll As soon as there was wind enough, she set out to get herself a dance on the Närke plain.
Såasså · adverbmodifies tillräckligtsnartsoonsnart · adverbpart of the phrase Sådetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tillräckligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tillräckligtvindwindvind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase varvind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form.
tillräckligtenoughtillräcklig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on drogdrogpulleddra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of drogutoutut · adverbdepends on drogförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of fåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fågetfå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on drogsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of fåenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dansdansdancedans · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking NärkesslättenNärkesslättenthe Närke plainNärkesslätten · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of få- 5
Närke really consists of nothing but a plain, which is surrounded on every side by forested highlands.
NärkeNärkeNärke · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of bestårbestårconsists ofbestå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceegentligenreallyegentligen · adverbmodifies bestårintenotinte · particlemodifies beståravofav · prepositionpreposition marking slättannatanything elseannan · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies enänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase annatenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of slättslättflatslätt · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on bestårsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of omgivenThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sidorallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of sidorsidorsidessida · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of omgivenärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to omgivenomgivensurroundedomgiven · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on slättavofav · prepositionpreposition marking bergstrakterskogkläddaforestedskogklädda · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bergstrakterbergstrakterhighlandsbergstrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralagent of omgiven It is only in the northeastern corner, where Lake Hjälmaren flows out of the province, that there is a gap in the long mountain fence.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of hörnetärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to hörnetbarajustbara · adverbmodifies hörnetiini · prepositionpreposition marking hörnetnordöstranortheasternnordöstr · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies hörnethörnetcornerhörn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasedärtheredär · adverbmodifies gårHjälmarenLake Hjälmarenhjälmare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on hörnetutoutut · adverbdepends on gårurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking landskapetlandskapetprovincelandskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gårsomthatsom · pronounintroduces the clause of finnsThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsfinnsthere isfinnas · verb, present, indicativeadverbial clause on gårenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of luckaluckahatchlucka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finnsiini · prepositionpreposition marking bergsgärdsgårdendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bergsgärdsgårdenlångalonglång · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies bergsgärdsgårdenbergsgärdsgårdenthe mountain fencebergsgärdsgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lucka- 6
Now when the wind, one morning, has gathered its strength out on the Baltic and sets off inland, it goes fairly unchecked between the hills of Södermanland, and slips without much trouble into Närke over there around Hjälmaren.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionmodifies samlatnunownu · adverbmodifies Närvindenwindvind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase Närvind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of morgonmorgonmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of samlatsamlatgatheredsamla · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on gårkrafterstrengthkraft · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of samlatuteoutsideute · adverbmodifies samlatpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking ÖstersjönÖstersjönthe Baltic SeaÖstersjön · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of uteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsättersets offsätta · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with samlatavoffav · prepositiondepends on sätterinåtintoinåt · prepositionmodifies landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sättergårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of gårganskaquiteganska · adverbmodifies ohejdatohejdatuncheckedohejdad · verb, active, supinecomplement of gårframforwardfram · adverbdepends on ohejdatmellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking SörmlandskullarnaSörmlandskullarnathe Sörmland hillsSörmlandskullarna · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of ohejdatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslipperdoesn't have toslippa · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with går'Slippa' = be spared from / not have to.
utanbut ratherutan · conjunctionpreposition marking besvärfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
stortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies besvärbesvärtroublebesvär · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of slipperininin · adverbmodifies slipperiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking NärkeNärkeNärkeNärke · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of slipperdärbortaover theredärborta · adverbmodifies slipperiaround Hjälmareni · prepositionpreposition marking HjälmartraktenHjälmartraktenHjälmaren regionHjälmartrakten · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of slipper Then it rushes straight across the Närke plain, but due west it meets the high wall of the Kilsberg hills and is thrown back.
Sedanthensedan · adverbmodifies rusarrusarrushesrusa · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on åstaddenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of rusaråstadoff/awayåsta · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseDuplicate entry for the adverb 'åstad'; lemma mis-split as 'åsta'.
tvärsöverstraight acrosstvärsöv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of åstadLemma is corrupted; the word is the adverb tvärsöver.
Närkesslättenthe Närke plainNärkesslätten · proper noun, nominativedirect object of åstadmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkariduei · prepositionpreposition marking västervästerwestväster · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies rättråkarhappens toråka · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with åstaddenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of råkarpåuponpå · prepositionpreposition marking väggKilsbergensKilsberg hills'Kilsbergen · proper noun, genitivepossessor of vägghögahighhög · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies väggväggwallvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of råkarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with råkarkastadthrownkastad · verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominativecomplement of blirtillbakabacktillbaka · adverbdepends on kastadThen the wind curls itself like a snake and speeds off toward the south.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies krökerkrökerbendskröka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of krökervindenwindvind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of krökervind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form.
somlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ormenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ormormsnakeorm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of krökerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ormavoffav · prepositionpreposition marking farmottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking farsödersouthsöder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase motBut there it meets Tiveden forest, which gives the wind a shove, so that it dashes off eastward.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärtheredär · adverbmodifies mötermötermeetsmöta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceTivedenTiveden forestTiveden · proper noun, nominativedirect object of möterochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgergivesge · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with mötervindenwindvind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularindirect object of gervind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stötstötshovestöt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gersåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of störtarattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sådenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of störtarstörtardashes offstörta · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on möteråstadoffåstad · verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominativecomplement of störtarFixed adverbial particle used with verbs of motion (satte åstad, gav sig åstad = 'set off').
österuteastwardösterut · adverbmodifies åstadWell, in the east lies Tylöskog forest, and it sends the wind north up toward Käglan hill.
Nåwellnå · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sänderInterjection 'well/now then', mistagged as a noun.
iini · prepositionmodifies finnsöstereastöster · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase ifinnsliesfinnas · verb, present, indicativerelative clause on NåTylöskogTylöskog forestTylöskog · proper noun, nominativemodifies finnsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of sändersändersendssända · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevindenwindvind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sändervind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form.
norrutnorthwardnorrut · adverbmodifies sänderuppupupp · adverbmodifies sändermottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking KäglanKäglanKäglanKäglan · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of uppHill in Närke.
And from Käglan the wind is carried off toward the Kilsberg hills and Tiveden and Tylöskog once again.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking KäglanKäglanKäglanKäglan · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of bärHill in Närke.
bärgoes offbära · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceThree of the four examples use the idiom 'bär sig åt' ('manages, behaves, goes about it'), distinct from the literal carrying sense in ch33-p35-s4 ('bär på sin rygg').
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of bäråstadoffåstad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bärmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vindenvindenwindvind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of åstadvind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form.
mottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking KilsbergenKilsbergenthe Kilsberg hillsKilsbergen · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of åstadochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationTivedenTiveden forestTiveden · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Kilsbergenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationTylöskogTylöskog forestTylöskog · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with bäränthanän · subordinating conjunctionmodifies Tylöskogenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of bärIt swings and swings in ever smaller circles, until at last it comes to a stand like a spinning top in the middle of the plain and just whirls around.
Denitden · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of svingarsvingarswingssving · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsvingarswingssving · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with svingariini · prepositionpreposition marking kretsaralltallall · adverbmodifies mindremindresmallerlite · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies kretsarkretsarcircleskretsa · verb, present, indicative, activeoblique complement of svingartillsuntiltills · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blirdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of blirpåat lastpå · prepositionpreposition marking sistonesistoneat lastsistone · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on svingarståendestandingstående · adjective, nominativecomplement of blirsomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of snurraenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of snurrasnurraspinning topsnurra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of blirmittpåin the middlemittpå · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies slättenslättenplainslätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of snurraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbarajustbara · adverbmodifies svängersvängerswingssvänga · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with blirruntaroundrunt · adverbmodifies svängerBut on such days, when the whirlwinds swept over the plain, Ysätters-Kajsa had a fine time.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsådanasuchsån · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dagardagardaysdag · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hadedåwhendå · adverbmodifies forovirvelstormarnathe whirlwindsvirvelstormarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralpart of the phrase dåforowentforo · noun, nominative, neuter, singularrelative clause on dagarMistagged as a noun; foro is the plural past tense of fara ("went/traveled").
överoveröver · prepositionpreposition marking slättenslättenplainslätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies forohadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceYsätters-KajsaYsätters-KajsaYsätters-Kajsa · adverbsubject of roligtroligtfunrolig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of hadeThen she stood in the middle of the whirl and spun.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodmittin the middlemitt · adverboblique complement of stodiini · prepositionpreposition marking virvelnvirvelnthe whirlvirvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsnurradespunsnurra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodHer long hair flew about up among the clouds of heaven, her gown's train swept along the ground like a cloud of dust, and the whole plain lay beneath her like one great dance floor.
Detaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of håretlångalonglång · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies hårethårethairhår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of flögflögflewflög · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies uppeuppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies flögiamongi · prepositionpreposition marking molnhimmelensheaven'shimmel · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of molnmolncloudsmoln · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of flögklänningssläpetthe gown's trainklänningssläp · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of sopadesopadesweptsopa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with flögutefteralongutefter · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sopadesomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stoftskyenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stoftskystoftskycloud of duststoftsky · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying markenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies slättenslättenplainslätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with flögunderbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågsomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dansgolvettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of dansgolvstortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies dansgolvdansgolvdance floordansgolv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of henne- 7
In the mornings Ysätters-Kajsa used to sit up in some tall pine on the top of a hill-crag and look out over the plain.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of brukademornarnamorningsmornarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of brukadeMornarna is an older or colloquial form of morgnarna.
brukadeusually didbruka · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on sittaBackbone tags this as an adjective, but the surface (brukade) is the past tense of bruka, 'to usually do'.
Ysätters-KajsaYsätters-KajsaYsätters-Kajsa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of brukadesittato sitsitta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceuppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies sittaiini · prepositionpreposition marking tallnågonsomenågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tallhögtallhög · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies talltallpinetall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sittapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking toppentoppentoptopp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sittaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking bergklintenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bergklintbergklintrocky cragbergklint · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies toppenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationseseese · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sittautoutut · adverbdepends on seöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking slättenslättenplainslätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of se If it was then winter with good sleighing, and she saw many travelers out on the roads, she would hurry to blow up a snowstorm and pile up drifts so high that people could scarcely make it home by evening.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vinterdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of vinterdåthendå · adverbmodifies vintervarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to vintervinterwintervinter · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skyndadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgottgoodgott · adverbpart of the phrase ochförebeforeföre · prepositioncoordinated with vinterochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vinterpast tense of se, 'to see.'
mångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies åkandeåkandetravelersåka · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of såguteoutsideute · adverbmodifies sågpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking vägarnavägarnaroadsväg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of uteskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skyndadesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of skyndadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of blåsainfinitive marker before a verb.
blåsablowblåsa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of skyndadeihoptogetherihop · adverbdepends on blåsaettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of yrväderyrvädersnowstormyrväder · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of blåsaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvräktehurledvräka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blåsauppupupp · adverbdepends on vräktedrivordriftsdriva · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of vräktesåsoså · adverbmodifies högahögatallhög · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on vräkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tafolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of tanättbarelynätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies taAlways in the fixed phrase 'nätt och jämnt' = barely/just barely, though tagged as a noun.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjämntscarcelyjämn · adverbcoordinated with nättkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skyndadesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tahemhomehem · adverbmodifies tapåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking kvällenkvälleneveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of taIf it was summer and good haymaking weather, Ysätters-Kajsa sat still until the first hay-wagons had been fully loaded, and then she came sweeping in with a couple of downpours that put an end to the work for that day.
Varifvar · adverbhead of the phrasedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase Varsommarsummersommar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase Varochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgottgoodgott · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies bärgningsväderbärgningsväderhaymaking weatherbärgningsväd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with sommarsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with VarYsätters-KajsaYsätters-KajsaYsätters-Kajsa · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sattName of a storm troll in Närke folklore.
stillastillstilla · adjective, nominativecomplement of sattändauntilända · adverbintroduces the clause of fullastadetillsuntiltills · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase ändadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of hövagnarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
förstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies hövagnarnasurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
hövagnarnathe hay wagonshövagn · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fullastadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fullastadeblivitbecomebli · auxiliary verb, active, supinepassive auxiliary of fullastadefullastadefully loadedfullasta · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with Varhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komfarandeflying/travelingfarande · adjective, nominativedirect object of kommedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking störtskurarettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies störtskurarstörtskurardownpoursstörtskura · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraladverbial clause on komsomthatsom · pronounsubject of gjordeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
gjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on störtskurarslutendslut · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies gjordepåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking arbetetarbetetworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gjordeförforför · prepositionpreposition marking dagendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies arbetet- 8
It was certain and true that she seldom thought of anything but making mischief.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of visstvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to visstvisstcertainviss · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsanttruesant · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with visstattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tänktehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktesällanseldomsällan · adverbmodifies tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on visstpåofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of ställaannatanything elseannan · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase påänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase annatatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ställainfinitive marker before a verb.
ställato makeställa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tänktetillmakingtill · prepositionpreposition marking förtretförtretvexationförtr · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ställaLemma is a truncated form of 'förtret' (vexation/trouble).
The charcoal-burners up in the Kilsberg hills scarcely dared to close an eye, for as soon as she saw an unwatched charcoal-kiln, she came sneaking up and puffed at it, so that it broke into high flame.
Kolarnathe charcoal-burnersKolarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vågadeuppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies Kolarnaiini · prepositionpreposition marking KilsbergenKilsbergenKilsberg Hillskilsberg · proper noun, nominativemodifies Kolarnavågadedaredvåga · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of taknappthardlyknappt · adverbmodifies tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of taenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of blundblundwink of sleepblund · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of taförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of sågsåasså · adverbmodifies snartsnartsoonsnart · adverbpart of the phrase förhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tapast tense of se, 'to see.'
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of milaobevakadunwatchedobevaka · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies milamilacharcoal kilnmila · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sågkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komsmygandecreepingsmygande · adjective, nominativemodifies komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpustadepuffedpusta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with smygandetillattill · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of pustadesåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of börjadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sådenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tabrinnato burnbrinna · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking lågahögtallhög · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lågalågalowlåg · adjective, nominative, pluraloblique complement of brinnaAnd if the ore-drivers from Laxå and Svartå were out late some evening, Ysätters-Kajsa wrapped the road and the countryside in such dark mists that both men and horses lost their way and drove the heavy sledges down into bogs and marshes.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking malmkörarnamalmkörarnathe ore-driversmalmkörare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraladverbial clause on höljdefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking LaxåLaxåLaxåLaxå · proper noun, nominativemodifies malmkörarnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationSvartåSvartåSvartå · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with malmkörarnavorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with malmkörarnaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
sentlatesen · adverbmodifies uteuteoutsideute · adverbmodifies malmkörarnaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kvällkvälleveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies malmkörarnahöljdeshroudedhölj · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceYsätters-KajsaYsätters-KajsaYsätters-Kajsa · adjective, nominativemodifies vägenProper name (a folkloric storm-spirit), mistagged as an adjective.
vägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of höljdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtraktenregiontrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with vägeniini · prepositionpreposition marking dimmorsådanasuchsån · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dimmormörkadarkmörk · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dimmordimmormistsdimmor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of höljdeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vilsnabådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vilsnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhästarhorseshäst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with människorblevobecameblevo · adverbmodifies vilsnaArchaic plural past tense of bli ("to become"), not an adverb; the parser mistagged it.
vilsnalostvilsen · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying dimmorochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkördedroveköra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vilsnanerdownner · adverbdepends on kördedetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of slädarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
tungaheavytung · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies slädarnaslädarnathe sledgesslädarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of kördeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking kärrkärrmarshkärr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kördeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmorasmarshlandmora · verb, present, indicative, passivecoordinated with kärrThe surface moras is the noun 'marshland' or 'quagmire,' despite the parser's verb label.
- 9
If the parson's wife in Glanshammar had laid the coffee table out in her garden on a summer Sunday and a gust of wind came that lifted the cloth from the table and knocked over both cups and saucers, then one knew who was behind that prank.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dukatprostinnanthe parson's wifeprostinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dukatiini · prepositionpreposition marking GlanshammarGlanshammarGlanshammarGlanshammar · proper noun, nominativemodifies prostinnanhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of dukatdukatlaid the tableduka · verb, active, supinedepends on visstekaffebordetthe coffee tablekaffebord · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of dukatuteoutsideute · adverbmodifies dukatiini · prepositionpreposition marking trädgårdsinhersig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of trädgårdträdgårdgardenträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of dukatenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sommarsöndagsommarsöndagsummer Sundaysommarsöndag · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of dukatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with dukatenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vindilvindilgust of windvindil · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of komsomthatsom · pronounsubject of lyfteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
lyfteliftedlyftea · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on komdukenclothduk · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lyftefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking bordetbordettablebord · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of lyfteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lyfteomkulloveromkull · adverbmodifies kastadeUsed with verbs of falling/knocking, e.g. 'slog omkull' = 'knocked over'.
bådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkopparcupskopp · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kastadeHomograph: koppar means both "cups" and the metal "copper."
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfatdishfat · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with koppardåthendå · adverbmodifies visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singulardepends on ställdesomwhosom · pronounsubject of ställdeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ställdewas behindställa · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of visstetillbehindtill · prepositionpreposition marking skämtetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of skämtetskämtetjokeskämt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ställde If the mayor of Örebro's hat blew off, so that he had to run after it across the whole square, if the folk of Vinön ran their vegetable boats aground in Hjälmaren, if hung-out washing blew away and got covered in dust, if the smoke one evening beat down into the cottages and did not seem to find its way out through the chimney at all, then it was not hard to know who was out and amusing herself.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blåstehattenhathatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blåsteblåsteblewblåsa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceavoffav · prepositionpreposition marking borgmästarenborgmästarenthe mayorborgmästar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularagent of blåsteiofi · prepositionpreposition marking ÖrebroÖrebroÖrebroÖrebro · proper noun, nominativemodifies borgmästarensåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of springaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of springamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of springaspringato runspringa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on blåsteOne cited example uses the homograph springa "slit/crack" (a different noun); this type is the infinitive verb "to run".
efterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking torgetdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of torgetöveracrossöver · prepositionpreposition marking torgethelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies torgettorgetsquaretorg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of springaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stöttefolketpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of stöttepåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking VinönVinönVinönVinön · proper noun, nominativemodifies folketstöttestruckstötte · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on springapåranpå · prepositionpreposition marking Hjälmarengrundagroundgrund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase påiini · prepositionpart of the phrase påHjälmarenLake HjälmarenHjälmare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stöttemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking grönsaksskutorsinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of grönsaksskutorgrönsaksskutorvegetable boatsgrönsaksskutor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of stötteomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blåsteuthängdahung-oututhänga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tvättklädertvättkläderlaundrytvättkläd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of blåsteblåsteblewblåste · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with springabortawaybort · adverbdepends on blåsteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationöverhöljdeswas showeredöverhölj · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with blåstemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking dammdammponddamm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of överhöljdesomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slogrökensmokerök · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slogenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kvällkvälleveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slogslogbeat downslå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on springaLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
ininin · adverbdepends on slogiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking stugornastugornathe cottagesstugorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of slogochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationallsat allalls · adverbmodifies tycktesintenotinte · particlemodifies tycktestycktesseemedtycktes · verb, past, indicativedepends on svårthittafind its wayhitta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tycktesutoutut · adverbdepends on hittagenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking skorstenenskorstenenchimneyskorsten · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hittadåthendå · adverbmodifies svårtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to svårtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with svårtintenotinte · particlemodifies svårtsvårtdifficultsvår · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with slogatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vetainfinitive marker before a verb.
vetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitivedepends on svårtvemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singulardepends on varsomwhosom · pronounsubject of varThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of vetauteoutsideute · adverbmodifies varochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförlustadeamused herselfförlusta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with varsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of förlustade- 10
But although Ysätters-Kajsa loved every kind of vexatious prank, there was still nothing truly evil in her.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfastänalthoughfastän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tyckteYsätters-KajsaYsätters-KajsaYsätters-Kajsa · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of tyckteName of a storm troll in Närke folklore.
tycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on varomlovedom · prepositiondepends on tyckteallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of slagsslagskindslag · noun, genitive, neuter, pluralpossessor of upptågförargligavexatiousförarglig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies upptågupptågprankupptåg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tycktesåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ontdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ontändåstilländå · adverbmodifies ontintenotinte · particlemodifies ontnågotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ontriktigttrulyriktig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ontontevilond · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ont One could notice that she was hardest on those who were quarrelsome and stingy and unkind, but honest folk and poor little children she often took under her protection.
Manoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märkakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of märkamärkato noticemärka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of svårasthonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svårastvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to svårastsvårasthardestsvår · adjective, nominative, superlativeclausal complement of märkamotonmot · prepositionpreposition marking folksådanasuchsån · adjective, nominative, pluralpart of the phrase motsomwhosom · pronounintroduces the clause of folkThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
vorowerevoro · verb, imperative, activemodifies folkOld plural past tense of vara ('to be'), mistagged here as imperative.
trätgirigaquarrelsometrätgirig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies folkochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsnålastingysnåla · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with trätgirigaAll occurrences are the plural adjective 'snåla' ('stingy'), mistagged as a verb.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationelakawickedelak · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with trätgirigamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationredbarthonestredbart · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with trätgirigafolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of svårastochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies barnfattigapoorfattig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies barnbarnchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with svårasthonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of togoftaoftenofta · adverbmodifies togiunderi · prepositionpreposition marking skyddsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of skyddpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
skyddshelterskydd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of togAnd old folk tell that once, when Asker church was about to burn, Ysätters-Kajsa came sweeping down, struck in among fire and smoke on the church roof, and averted the danger.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgammaltoldgammal · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies folkfolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of berättarberättartellsberätta · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on slogattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of höllenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase attnärwhennär · adverbmodifies höllFunctions as a subordinating conjunction, not an adverb.
AskersAsker'sAsker · proper noun, genitivepossessor of kyrkaSwedish parish name.
kyrkachurchkyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllhöllwas burninghålla · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of berättarpåin progresspå · prepositiondepends on höllatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of brinnainfinitive marker before a verb.
brinnato burnbrinna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on höllkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to berättarYsätters-KajsaYsätters-KajsaYsätters-Kajsa · adjective, nominativemodifies farandeProper name (a folkloric storm-spirit), mistagged as an adjective.
farandeflying/travelingfarande · adjective, nominativedirect object of komslogcame downslå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
nerdownner · adverbdepends on slogblandamongbland · prepositionpreposition marking eldeldfireeld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slogochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationröksmokerök · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with eldpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking kyrktaketkyrktaketthe church roofkyrktak · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of slogochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationavvärjdeavertedavvärjde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with slogfaranthe dangerfara · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of avvärjdesome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
- 11
All the same, the people of Närke were many a time rather tired of Ysätters-Kajsa, but she for her part never tired of stirring up trouble with them.
Iall the samei · prepositionpreposition marking fallallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fallfallcasesfall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of vorovorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, singularadverbial clause on gångPast plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective.
Närkesbornathe Närke peopleNärkesborna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of voromångenmany a (one)mång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Närkesbornasurface mången, an archaic indefinite pronoun/adjective, not a noun.
gångtimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseganskaquiteganska · adverbmodifies tröttatröttatiredtrött · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gångpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking Ysätters-KajsaYsätters-KajsaYsätters-KajsaYsätters-Kajsa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gångmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevförforför · prepositionpreposition marking delsinfor her partsig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of deldelpartdel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase honblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencealdrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies blevtrötttiredtrött · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevpåofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of ställaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ställainfinitive marker before a verb.
ställato stir upställa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on blevtillstirring uptill · prepositionpreposition marking bråkbråktroublebråk · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of ställamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of ställa When she sat up on the edge of a cloud and looked down at Närke, lying friendly and prosperous beneath her, with fine farms on the plain and rich mines and ironworks up in the highlands, with the sluggish river Svartån and the shallow, fish-rich plain lakes, with the good town of Örebro spreading itself around the grave old castle with its solid corner towers, she must surely have thought: 'Here people would have it far too good, if it weren't for me.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of satthonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceuppeup highuppe · adverbdepends on sattpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking molnkantenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of molnkantmolnkantcloud edgemolnkant · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattpast tense of se, 'to see.'
nerdownner · adverbdepends on sågpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking NärkeNärkeNärkeNärke · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sågsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
låglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Närkevänligtkindlyvänlig · adverbmodifies lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvälmåendeprosperousvälmående · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with lågunderbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking bondgårdarpräktigasplendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bondgårdarbondgårdarfarmsbondgård · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of lågpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking slättenslättenplainslätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrikarichrik · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gruvorgruvorminesgruvor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with slättenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbrukironworksbruk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with slättenuppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies lågiini · prepositionpreposition marking bergstrakternabergstrakternathe highlandsbergstrakterna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of uppemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking trögadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of trögatrögasluggishtrög · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies SvartånSvartånthe Svartå riverSvartån · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of grundaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
grundashallowgrund · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of fiskrikafiskrikafish-richfiskrik · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with Svartånslättsjöarnathe plain lakesslättsjö · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of fiskrikamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking stadendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stadengodagoodgod · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies stadenstadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fiskrikaÖrebroÖrebroÖrebro · proper noun, nominativemodifies stadensomwhichsom · pronounsubject of utbreddeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
utbreddespread oututbre · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on stadensigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of utbredderuntaroundrunt · adverbmodifies utbreddeomifom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking slottetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of slottetallvarsammagraveallvarsamma · adverbmodifies gamlagamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies slottetslottetcastleslott · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of utbreddemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hörntornendetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of hörntornenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
stadigasturdystadig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hörntornenhörntornenthe corner towershörntorn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies slottetsåthenså · adverbmodifies tänktmåttemustmåtte · particlepart of the phrase såModal particle expressing a confident inference (must have) or, rarely, a wish (may).
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktvisstcertainlyviss · adverbmodifies tänktsurface visst here is the adverb 'certainly/surely', not the adjective viss 'certain'.
hahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of tänkttänktthoughttänka · verb, active, supinerelative clause on stadenHärherehär · adverbmodifies haskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hamänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of haalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies förförtooför · adverbmodifies brabragoodbra · adverbmodifies haomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of voreintenotinte · particlemodifies vorejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vorevorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activeadverbial clause on haThey would grow drowsy and dull.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of bliskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedåsigadrowsydåsig · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of bliochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationledsammadullledsam · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with dåsigaThere must be someone like me here, to shake them up and keep them in good spirits.'
Härherehär · adverbmodifies finnasmåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of finnasfinnasto existfinnas · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sådansådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of finnassån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
somlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of jagjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to sådansomwhosom · pronounsubject of ryckerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ryckershakes uprycka · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on jagoppupopp · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on ryckermistagged as a verb; this is the dialectal/colloquial adverb opp, a variant of upp 'up'.
demthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of ryckerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhållerkeepshålla · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with ryckerdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of hållervidinvid · prepositionpreposition marking humörgottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies humörhumörgood spiritshumör · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of håller- 12
And then she laughed, wild and mocking as a magpie, and swept off, dancing and whirling from one corner of the plain to the other.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies skrattadeskrattadelaughedskratta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skrattadeviltwildlyvilt · adverbmodifies skrattadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgäckandemockinggäckande · adjective, nominativecoordinated with skrattadesomassom · prepositionintroduces the clause of skataFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skataskatamagpieskata · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gäckandeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationyrdeswept offyra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with skrattadeioffi · prepositionmodifies yrdevägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase idansandedancingdansande · adjective, nominativecoordinated with vägochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvirvlandewhirlingvirvlande · adjective, nominativecoordinated with vägfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking hörnetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of hörnetenaoneena · adjective, nominativemodifies hörnethörnetcornerhörn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of yrdeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking slättenslättenplainslätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hörnettilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking andradetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of andraandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularoblique complement of yrde And when the man of Närke saw how she dragged her train of dust across the plain, he could not help but smile.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågNärkesbonthe Närke manNärkesbon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on låtapast tense of se, 'to see.'
hurhowhur · adverbmodifies droghonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of drogdrogdrewdrog · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of sågframforwardfram · adverbdepends on drogsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of stoftsläppossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
stoftsläptrain of duststoftsläp · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of drogöveracrossöver · prepositionpreposition marking slättenslättenplainslätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stoftsläpkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of låtahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låtaintenotinte · particlemodifies låtalåtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låtaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of smålesmålesmilesmåle · pronoun, pluraladverbial clause on låtaTeasing and tiresome she certainly was, but she had good humor.
Förcertainlyför · prepositionpreposition marking retsamretsamteasingretsam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationledtiresomeled · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with retsamSecond example 'när det led mot kvällen' = 'as evening drew near' is the verb lida ('led' = past tense), not the noun led — mistagged here.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of honvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to honhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularparallel clause to retsammenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgottgoodgott · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies lynnelynnemoodlynne · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with retsamhadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadeIt was just as refreshing for the farmers to have dealings with Ysätters-Kajsa as it was for the plain to be lashed by the storm wind.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with uppfriskandevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to uppfriskandelikasålikewiselikaså · adverbmodifies uppfriskandeuppfriskanderefreshinguppfriska · adjective, nominativehead of the phraseförforför · prepositionpreposition marking böndernaböndernathe farmersbönderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of uppfriskandeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hainfinitive marker before a verb.
hato haveha · verb, active, infinitivedepends on uppfriskandeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göradealgöra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of hamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking Ysätters-KajsaYsätters-KajsaYsätters-KajsaYsätters-Kajsa · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of göraName of a storm troll in Närke folklore.
somassom · pronounintroduces the clause of slättenThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
förforför · prepositionpreposition marking slättenslättenplainslätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of göraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of piskasinfinitive marker before a verb.
piskasbe lashedpiska · verb, passive, infinitiveadverbial clause on haavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking stormvindenstormvindenthe storm windstormvind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularagent of piskas- 13
Nowadays people claim that Ysätters-Kajsa must be dead and gone, she along with all the other trolls.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies påstårförnowadaysför · prepositionpreposition marking tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Nupåstårclaimpåstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemanpeopleman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of påstårattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dödYsätters-KajsaYsätters-KajsaYsätters-Kajsa · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of dödName of a storm troll in Närke folklore.
skallwillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of dödvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to döddöddeaddöd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of påstårExamples mix the noun (döden) with adjectival uses (död gås); flag if the occurrence is adjectival.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbortagoneborta · adverbcoordinated with dödhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of påstårsomlikesom · pronounlinks the coordinationThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
allaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of trollandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies trolltrolltrolltroll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of påstår But such a thing is almost impossible to believe.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsådantsuch a thingsån · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of omöjligtärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to omöjligtnästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies omöjligtomöjligtimpossibleomöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of troinfinitive marker before a verb.
trobelievetro · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on omöjligtIt is as if someone were to come and say that the air would forever after stand still over the plain, and the wind never again dance across it with rustling and roaring and fresh air and downpours.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of kommaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to kommasomas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommanågonsomeonenågon · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of kommaskullewere toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kommaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ståluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ståalltidalwaysalltid · adverbmodifies ståhädanefterforever afterhädanefter · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ståskallwillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of ståståstandstå · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of kommastillastillstilla · adverbmodifies ståöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking slättenslättenplainslätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ståochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvindenwindvind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dansavind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form.
aldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies dansameragainmycket · adverbmodifies dansadansadancedansa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with ståframforwardfram · adverbdepends on dansaöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking dendenaen · determiner, common gender, singularoblique complement of dansamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sussusrustlingsus · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of dansaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbrusroaringbrus · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with susochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfriskfreshfrisk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies luftluftairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with susochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstörtskurardownpoursstörtskura · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with sus- 14
Whoever holds that Ysätters-Kajsa is dead and gone may, however, hear how things went in Närke the year that Nils Holgersson traveled through the province, and then he may judge for himself what he believes.
Deniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of hörasomwhoeversom · pronounsubject of anserThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
anserconsidersanse · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on Denattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dödYsätters-KajsaYsätters-KajsaYsätters-Kajsa · adjective, nominativesubject of dödProper name (a folkloric storm-spirit), mistagged as an adjective.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to döddöddeaddöd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of anserExamples mix the noun (döden) with adjectival uses (död gås); flag if the occurrence is adjectival.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbortagoneborta · adverbcoordinated with dödkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of höraförhoweverför · prepositionmodifies höraövrigthoweverövrigt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase förhörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencehurhowhur · adverbmodifies gickdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of höratillhappenedtill · prepositiondepends on gickiini · prepositionpreposition marking NärkeNärkeNärkeNärke · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gickdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of åretåretyearår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of gickdåwhendå · subordinating conjunctiondepends on fårNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativepart of the phrase dåHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilsfortraveledfor · prepositionmodifies dåPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
framforwardfram · adverbpart of the phrase foröverthroughöver · prepositionpreposition marking landskapetlandskapetprovincelandskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of framsåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on fårfårmayfå · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on årethanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fårsjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying hansägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fårvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of trorhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on får - 15
It was the day before a great cattle market in Örebro, and it rained so hard that it came down in sheets.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varförebeforeföre · prepositionpreposition marking kreatursmarknadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kreatursmarknadstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kreatursmarknadkreatursmarknadcattle marketkreatursmarknad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of variini · prepositionpreposition marking ÖrebroÖrebroÖrebroÖrebro · proper noun, nominativemodifies kreatursmarknadochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of regnaderegnaderainedregna · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with varPast tense of the verb 'regna' (to rain), mistagged as an adjective.
såso hardså · adverbmodifies regnadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stoddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on regnadesomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of spönspönsheetsspön · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcomplement of stoditoi · prepositionpreposition marking backenbackengroundbacke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stod It was a rain that no one could get the better of.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of regnvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to regnettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of regnregnrainregn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronoundirect object of kommaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
manoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommaintenotinte · particlemodifies kommakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on regntillthe better oftill · prepositiondepends on kommarättaget the better ofrätta · noun, common genderpart of the phrase tillThe gloss 'order' doesn't fit any of the four examples, which are three distinct idioms built on the noun 'rätta' (the right/correct state), not a standalone noun meaning 'order'.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking kommaReal torrents fell from the clouds, and many a one thought to himself: 'This is exactly like the days of Ysätters-Kajsa.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with föllföllfellföll · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceriktigarealriktig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies strömmarströmmartorrentsströmm · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of föllurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking molnenmolnencloudsmoln · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of föllochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmångenmany a (one)mång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktesurface mången, an archaic indefinite pronoun/adjective, not a noun.
tänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with föllförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of tänktesjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sigDetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tidhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase Detärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to tidalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies tidsomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking tidpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking Ysätters-KajsasYsätters-KajsasYsätters-Kajsa'sYsätters-Kajsa · proper noun, genitivepossessor of tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseNever did she have so many pranks afoot as at market time.
AldrigneverAldrig · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadesåsoså · adverbmodifies mångamångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies upptågupptågpranksupptåg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of hadeförafootför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativemodifies upptågsomassom · pronounintroduces the clause of marknaderThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
vidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking marknadermarknadermarketsmarknad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralclause modifying upptågIt would have been just like her to set up a downpour like this on the eve of the market.'
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varitskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varithahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceilikei · prepositionpreposition marking väghennesherhon · pronounpossessor of vägpossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
vägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of varitatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ställainfinitive marker before a verb.
ställato set upställa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on varittillset uptill · prepositionpreposition marking störtregnettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of störtregnsådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase etthärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase sådantstörtregndownpourstörtregn · adverbmodifies ställapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking marknadsaftonenmarknadsaftonenmarket evemarknadsafton · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ställa- 16
The later it got, the worse the rain grew.
Jutheju · conjunctionmodifies ledlängrelaterlänge · adverbpart of the phrase Judetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of ledledgot laterled · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on blevSecond example 'när det led mot kvällen' = 'as evening drew near' is the verb lida ('led' = past tense), not the noun led — mistagged here.
destothedesto · adverbmodifies värrevärreworsevärre · adjective, nominative, comparativedepends on blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceregnandetthe rainregnande · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of blev Toward evening came real cloudbursts, the roads became utterly bottomless, and people who had set out from home with their cattle to reach Örebro in good time the next morning fared badly.
Framemottowardframemot · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies kvällenkvälleneveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommokommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencekommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
riktigarealriktig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies skyfallskyfallcloudburstsskyfall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of kommovägarnaroadsväg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of bottenlösablevobecameblevo · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies bottenlösaArchaic plural past tense of bli/varda.
alldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies bottenlösabottenlösabottomlessbottenlös · adjective, nominative, pluralparallel clause to kommoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with bottenlösasomwhosom · pronounsubject of givitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of givitgivitgivenge · verb, active, supinerelative clause on folksigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of givitavoffav · prepositionpreposition marking hemifrånhemifrånfrom homehemifrån · adverbmodifies givitmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking kreatursinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of kreaturkreaturcattlekreatur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of givitförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of kommaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on givitframforwardfram · adverbdepends on kommatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ÖrebroÖrebroÖrebroÖrebro · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of kommaiini · prepositionpreposition marking tidgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommapåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking morgonenmorgonenmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tidråkadefaredråka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kommoillabadlyilla · adverbcomplement of råkadeutfare badlyut · adverbdepends on råkadeCows and oxen grew so weary that they would not move a foot, and several of the poor animals threw themselves down in the middle of the road to show that they could go no farther.
KorcowsKor · proper noun, nominativesubject of utledsnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationoxaroxenoxe · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Korblevobecameblevo · adverbcoordinated with KorArchaic plural past tense of bli ("to become"), not an adverb; the parser mistagged it.
såsoså · adverbadverbial clause on utledsnautledsnawearyutledsna · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of flyttadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of flyttaintenotinte · particlemodifies flyttavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flyttaflyttamoveflytta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on utledsnaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fotfotfootfot · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of flyttaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfleraseveralflera · pronoun, pluralsubject of passive stackarsavofav · prepositionpreposition marking dedetheen · determiner, pluralmodifies fleraSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
stackarspoorstackars · verb, passive, supineadverbial clause on kastadedjurenanimalsdjur · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of kastadekastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with flyttasigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kastadeomkulloveromkull · adverbmodifies kastadeUsed with verbs of falling/knocking, e.g. 'slog omkull' = 'knocked over'.
mittpåin the middlemittpå · adverbmodifies kastadevägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kastadeförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of visaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of visainfinitive marker before a verb.
visato showvisa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kastadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of orkadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of orkadeintenotinte · particlemodifies orkadeorkadehad the strength toorka · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of visagågogå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of orkadelängrefartherlänge · adverbmodifies gåEveryone who lived along the road had to open their doors to the market-goers and shelter them as best they could.
Allaallall · pronoun, pluralhead of the phrasesomwhosom · pronounsubject of boddeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
boddelivedbodde · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Allautmedalongutmed · prepositionpreposition marking vägenvägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of boddemåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of öppnaöppnato openöppna · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with boddesinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of dörrardörrardoorsdörr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of öppnaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking marknadsresandedetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of marknadsresandeSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
marknadsresandemarket-goersmarknadsresande · adjective, nominativeoblique complement of öppnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhärbärgerashelterhärbärgera · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with marknadsresandedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldepends on marknadsresandeefterasefter · prepositionpreposition marking rådrådas best they couldråd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies marknadsresandeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlägenhetcircumstanceslägenhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with rådIn the older phrase efter råd och lägenhet, lägenhet means circumstances or opportunity.
It grew crowded to overflowing, not only in the living rooms, but also in stables and barns.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceöverfulltovercrowdedöverfull · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of blevintenotinte · particlemodifies blevbarajustbara · adverbmodifies bleviini · prepositionpreposition marking boningsrummenboningsrummenthe living roomsboningsrumm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blevutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
ocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies stalliini · prepositionpreposition marking stallstallstablestall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationladorbarnslador · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with stall- 17
Those who could, however, tried to struggle on to the inn, but when they got there, they almost regretted it,
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of försöktesomwhosom · pronounsubject of kundeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kundecouldkunna · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Deförsöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceemellertidhoweveremellertid · adverbmodifies försöktesträvastrivesträva · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försöktesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of strävaframforwardfram · adverbmodifies strävatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking gästgivargårdengästgivargårdeninngästgivargård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of frammenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommokommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with försöktekommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
dittheredit · adverbmodifies kommoångraderegrettedångra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with försöktedetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ångradesurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
nästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies ångrade - 18
that they had not stopped at some cottage along the road.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stannatdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of stannatintenotinte · particlemodifies stannathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of stannatstannatstayedstanna · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceiati · prepositionpreposition marking stuganågonanynågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stugastugacottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stannatutmedalongutmed · prepositionpreposition marking vägenvägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stuga Every stall in the cowshed and every stall in the stable were already taken.
Allaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of båsbåsstallsbås · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of upptagnaiini · prepositionpreposition marking lagårdenlagårdencow houselagård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies båsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of spiltorspiltorstallsspiltor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with båsiini · prepositionpreposition marking stalletstalletstablestall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies spiltorvorowerevoro · particleauxiliary of upptagnaArchaic plural preterite of vara 'to be'; mistagged as particle.
redanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies upptagnaupptagnatakenupptagen · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseThere was nothing for it but to let horses and cows stand out in the rain.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of rådvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to rådingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rådannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies rådrådadviceråd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of låtaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of låtainfinitive marker before a verb.
låtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying rådhästarhorseshäst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of låtaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkorcowskor · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with hästarståstandstå · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying råduteoutsideute · adverbmodifies ståiini · prepositionpreposition marking regnetregnetrainregn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of uteIt was as much as their owners could do to get in under a roof themselves.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of nättvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to nättnättbarelynätt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseHere used in the fixed expression nätt och jämnt, 'barely.'
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjämntbarelyjämn · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with nättattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommasomwhosom · pronounsubject of ägdeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ägdeownedägde · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on dedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of ägdekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommafåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivedepends on nättininin · adverbdepends on kommaunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking taktakrooftak · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of komma- 19
There was a wetness and a filth and a crowding on the yard that were dreadful.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of vätavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to vätaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vätavätawetnessväta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of smutssmutsfilthsmuts · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vätaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of trängselträngselcrowdingträngsel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with smutspåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking gårdsplanengårdsplanencourtyardgårdsplan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies trängselsomthatsom · pronounsubject of förfärligaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralpossessor of förfärligaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
förfärligaterribleförfärlig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with smuts Some of the animals stood in veritable puddles and could not even lie down.
SomligasomeSomliga · pronoun, pluralsubject of stodoavofav · prepositionpreposition marking djurendjurenanimalsdjur · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies Somligastodostoodstodo · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceiini · prepositionpreposition marking pölarriktigarealriktig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies pölarpölarpuddlespöl · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of stodoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of läggaintenotinte · particlemodifies läggaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångevengång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of läggaläggato lay/putlägga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with stodosigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of lägganerdownner · adverbdepends on läggaThere were, to be sure, farmers who got their animals straw to lie on and spread blankets over them, but there were also those who sat inside the inn, drinking and gambling and clean forgetting the creatures they ought to have cared for.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
nogto be surenog · adverbmodifies fannshusbönderfarmershusbönd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fannssomwhosom · pronounsubject of skaffadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
skaffadegotskaffa · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on husböndersinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of djurdjuranimalsdjur · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of skaffadehalmstrawhalm · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skaffadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of liggainfinitive marker before a verb.
liggato lieligga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skaffadepåonpå · prepositiondepends on liggaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsomwhosom · pronounsubject of breddeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
breddespread outbredde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fannstäckenblanketstäck · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of breddeöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of breddemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativecoordinated with fannsexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
ocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies fannsdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fannssomwhosom · pronounsubject of passive suttoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
suttosatsutto · noun, nominative, neuter, singularrelative clause on deOld plural past tense of sitta ('to sit'), mistagged here as a noun.
inneinsideinne · adverbdepends on suttopåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking gästgivargårdengästgivargårdeninngästgivargård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of suttodruckodrankdrucko · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with gästgivargårdenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationspeladeplayedspela · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with suttoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies glömdeglömdeforgotglömde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with suttobortawaybort · adverbdepends on glömdedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of glömdesomwhomsom · pronoundirect object of sörjaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sörjabordeought toböra · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sörjaBare borde is simple past modal ("ought to"/"should"); the perfect sense ("ought to have") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth ("borde släppa taget") has no ha and translates as plain "ought to."
sörjacared forsörja · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on demförforför · prepositionpreposition marking sörja- 20
That evening the boy and the wild geese had come to an islet in Lake Hjälmaren.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Pojkenattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kvällenkvälleneveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking holmeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of holmeholmeisletholme · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommitiini · prepositionpreposition marking HjälmarenHjälmarenHjälmarenHjälmaren · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of kommitLake name.
It was separated from the mainland only by a narrow, shallow sound, and one might well imagine that it was possible to get across dry-shod when the water was low.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of skildvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to skildskildseparatedskild · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of skildbarajustbara · adverbmodifies smaltgenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking smaltettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of smaltsmaltnarrowsmal · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies skildochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgruntshallowgrunt · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with smaltsundsound/straitsund · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with smaltNoun meaning a narrow sea channel; tagged as adjective.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänkanogwellnog · adverbmodifies tänkatänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with skildsigoneselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tänkaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gickdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tänkaanpossiblean · adverbdepends on gickUsed only in the fixed idiom 'gå an' meaning 'to be all right/permitted'.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gickditöverover thereditöver · adverbdepends on kommatorrskodddry-shodtorrskodd · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kommanärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lågvattendetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of lågvattenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to lågvattenlågvattenlow tidelågvatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on gick- 21
It rained just as furiously out on the islet as everywhere else.
Detaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of regnaderegnaderainedregna · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasePast tense of the verb 'regna' (to rain), mistagged as an adjective.
likaequallylika · adverbmodifies galetgaletfuriouslygale · adverbsubject of regnadeuteoutsideute · adverbmodifies regnadepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking holmenholmenthe isletholmen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utesomlikesom · pronounintroduces the clause of hållThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
påelsewherepå · prepositionpreposition marking hållallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of hållandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hållhålldirectionshåll · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldepends on regnade The boy could not sleep for the drops that kept pattering down on him.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sovakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sovaintenotinte · particlemodifies sovasovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceförforför · prepositionpreposition marking dropparnadropparnadropsdropp · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sovasomthatsom · pronounsubject of smattradeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ständigtconstantlyständig · adverbmodifies smattradesmattradepatteredsmattra · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on dropparnanerdownner · adverbdepends on smattradepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nerAt last he began to walk about the islet.
Tillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies börjadesistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase Tillbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadegågogå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadeomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies holmenpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking holmenholmenthe isletholmen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåHe thought he felt the rain less when he was moving.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kändehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändekändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of tyckteregnetrainregn · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kändemindrelesslite · adverbmodifies kändeSurface 'mindre' is the shared comparative of both 'lite' (less) and 'liten' (small); in ch. examples it renders as predicate-adjective 'smaller' (mycket mindre än han, mindre höga) as often as adverbial 'less' (nöjde sig inte med mindre).
närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of rördehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rörderördemovedröra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kändesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of rörde- 22
He had scarcely walked once around the islet before he heard a splashing in the water that separated the islet from the mainland, and shortly after he saw a lone horse come walking among the bushes.
KnapptscarcelyKnappt · auxiliary verb, active, supinemodifies gåttFunctions as the adverb 'scarcely/hardly' (knappt) opening 'knappt hade...förrän' constructions, not as a verb.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåtthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåttgåttwalkedgå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceholmenthe isletholmen · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on gåttruntaroundrunt · adverbmodifies gåttförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies hördeused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gåttettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of plaskandeplaskandesplashingplaskande · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hördeiini · prepositionpreposition marking vattnetvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hördesomthatsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of holmenskildeseparatedskilde · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies holmenPast tense of the verb 'skilja' (to separate); mistagged as an adjective.
holmenthe isletholmen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hördefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of holmenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstraxshortlystrax · adverbmodifies därpådärpåthen/after thatdärpå · adverbmodifies sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hördepast tense of se, 'to see.'
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hästensamaloneensam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hästhästhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sågkommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of såggåendewalkinggå · adjective, nominativedirect object of kommaPresent participle gående used adjectivally/adverbially.
mellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking buskarnabuskarnathe bushesbuskarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of komma It was an old nag, so wretched and miserable that the boy had never seen its like.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of krakevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to krakeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of krakegammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies krakekrakenagkrake · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesåsoså · adverbmodifies useluselwretchedusel · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with krakeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationeländigwretchedeländig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with uselattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of settpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settintenotinte · particlemodifies setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on uselmakenthe likemake · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of settused in 'sett make/maken till' meaning nothing comparable had been seen.
He was broken-down and stiff-legged and so thin that every bone showed beneath his skin.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brutenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to brutenbrutenbrokenbrut · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasepredicate adjective use of the past participle of bryta, tagged as a noun type.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstyvbentstiff-leggedstyvbent · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with brutenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåsoså · adverbmodifies magermagerthinmager · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with brutenattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of syntesvarendaevery singlevarenda · determiner, singulardeterminer of benknotabenknotaa bonebenknota · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive syntessyntesshowedsyntes · verb, past, indicativedepends on brutenunderbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking skinnetskinnetskinskinn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of syntesHe wore neither harness nor saddle, only an old halter, from which hung a half-rotten stump of rope.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of barbarcarriedba · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast tense of bära "to carry/wear".
varkenneithervarken · conjunctionlinks the coordinationseleharnesssele · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of barelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsadelsaddlesadel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with selebarajustbara · adverbmodifies grimmaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of grimmagammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies grimmagrimmahaltergrimma · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with barfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking vilkenvilkenwhichvilken · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of hängdedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with hängdehängdehunghänga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with barenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of halvruttenhalvruttenhalf-rottenhalvrutt · noun, genitive, common gender, singularsubject of hängdetågstumprope endtågstump · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hängdeIt was plain that he had had no difficulty at all tearing himself loose.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with tydligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tydligttydligtcleartydlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hafthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haftintenotinte · particlemodifies hafthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinedepends on tydligtnågonnonågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of svårighetsvårighetdifficultysvårighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haftatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of slitainfinitive marker before a verb.
slitato tearslita · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of haftsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of slitalöslooselös · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of slita- 23
The horse walked straight toward the spot where the wild geese stood sleeping, and the boy grew afraid that he would trample them.
Hästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencerättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gickemottowardemot · prepositionpreposition marking platsenplatsenplaceplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickdärtheredär · adverbmodifies stodovildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodoattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
stodostoodstodo · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on platsenPast-plural of the verb 'stå' (to stand); mistagged as a noun.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsovosleptsovo · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with stodoArchaic plural past tense of sova (they slept), not a noun.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of trampahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trampaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trampatrampato trampletrampa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on räddpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of trampa 'Where are you going?
Vartwherevart · pronoun, common gender, singularmodifies gåskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceWatch where you're going!'
Selookse · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of Seföroutför · prepositiondepends on Sehe shouted.
ropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropade'Oh, there you are,' said the horse, and came up to the boy.
JasåohJaså · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseInterjection mistagged as a noun; expresses mild surprise or acknowledgment and its English rendering shifts with tone.
därtheredär · adverbmodifies sadeärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to duduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Jasåhästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadeframforwardfram · adverbdepends on komtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kom'I've walked the whole way to find you.'
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåttharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttwalkedgå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencehelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies milenmilenmilemil · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gåttA Swedish mil is historically about 10 km; the studio translation renders it as an English mile.
förtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of råkaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of råkainfinitive marker before a verb.
råkafindråka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gåttdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of råka'Have you heard tell of me?'
Harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörtduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörthörtheardhöra · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on talastalasto be talked abouttala · verb, passive, infinitivedepends on —Idiom hört talas om = 'heard tell of.'
omofom · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talasthe boy asked, astonished.
frågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies förvånadförvånadastonishedförvånad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of frågade'I have ears too, old as I am.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on gammalvälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies öronöronearsöron · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of harjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on ,medwithmed · prepositiondepends on harsåasså · adverbmodifies gammalgammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gammalärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to gammalThere are many who talk about you nowadays.'
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of mångaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to mångamångamanymången · pronoun, pluralhead of the phrasesomwhosom · pronounsubject of talarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
talartalkstala · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on mångaomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talarnunownu · adverbmodifies talarförnowadaysför · prepositionpreposition marking tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talar- 24
He had lowered his head while he spoke, so as to see better, and the boy noticed that he had a small head with beautiful eyes and a soft, fine muzzle.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of böjthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of böjtböjtloweredböja · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencenerdownner · adverbdepends on böjthuvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of böjtmedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of taladehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of taladetaladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on böjtförso as toför · prepositionintroduces the clause of seatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
kunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on taladebättrebetterbra · adverbmodifies seochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ladeladenoticedla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with se"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
märkenoticemärke · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of ladeBoth attested examples are the idiom 'lägga märke till' = 'to notice', not the bare noun 'mark'; flag as context-dependent so the idiomatic sense isn't lost.
tillnoticedtill · prepositionintroduces the clause of hadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ladeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of huvudlitetlittleliten · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies huvudhuvudheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ögonvackrabeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ögonögoneyesögon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of nosmjuksoftmjuk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies nosfinfinefin · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with mjuknosmuzzlenos · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hade 'This must have been a good horse to begin with, though he's come to grief in his old age,' he thought.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of hästharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hästvisstcertainlyviss · adverbmodifies hästsurface visst here is the adverb 'certainly/surely', not the adjective viss 'certain'.
varitbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to hästenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hästgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hästhästhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking börjanbörjanbeginningbörjan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hästfastthoughfast · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies råkatHere used as the concessive conjunction 'though', not the adjective 'firm'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkatråkatcome to griefråka · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hästillabadlyilla · adverbcomplement of råkatutcome to griefut · adverbdepends on råkatpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking dargamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dardardaysd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of råkattänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to råkathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkte- 25
'I wanted you to come with me and help me with something,' said the horse.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villevillewantedvilja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of följaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of följaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of följaföljato followfölja · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of villemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of följaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with följamigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälpamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sakenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of saksakthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hjälpasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to villehästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade The boy thought it risky to go along with one who looked so wretched, and excused himself on account of the bad weather.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vanskligtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with vanskligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to vanskligtvanskligtriskyvansklig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of tyckteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of följainfinitive marker before a verb.
följato followfölja · verb, active, infinitivedepends on vanskligtdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of följasomwhosom · pronounsubject of sågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
sågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on denpast tense of se, 'to see.'
såsoså · adverbmodifies eländigeländigwretchedeländig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sågutlookut · adverbdepends on sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationundskylldeexcused himselfundskylldea · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vanskligtsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of undskylldemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vädretdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of vädretdåligabaddålig · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies vädretvädretweathervädre · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of undskyllde'You'll be no worse off sitting on my back than lying here,' said the horse.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of harintenotinte · particlemodifies sämresämreworse offdålig · adverbmodifies haromifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sitterduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sittersittersitssitta · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on harpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking ryggminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of ryggpossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
ryggbackrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sitteränthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of liggeromifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of liggerduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of liggerliggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sitterhärherehär · adverbmodifies liggersadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to harhästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade'But perhaps you daren't go along with such a horse-dealer's hack as I am.'
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vågarvågardaresvåga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies vågarintenotinte · particlemodifies följaföljato followfölja · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of vågarmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hästskojarkrakeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hästskojarkrakesådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hästskojarkrakesån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
hästskojarkrakehorse-dealer's hackhästskojarkrake · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of följasomassom · pronoundirect object of ärThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on hästskojarkrake'Oh, I daresay I dare,' said the boy.
Åjooh yesÅjo · nounhead of the phrasedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of vågarvågardaresvåga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vågarväldaresayväl · adverbmodifies vågarändådaresayändå · adverbmodifies vågarsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to vågarpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade'Then wake the geese, so we can settle with them where they're to come and fetch you tomorrow!'
Väckwakeväck · proper noun, nominativedepends on —dåthendå · adverbmodifies Väckgässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on Väckgässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
såsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of göraattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of görafårcanfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of göragörasettlegöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on Väckoppupopp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on göraDialectal form of upp ("up"), mistagged as a noun by the parser.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of göravarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to kommadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on Väckochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhämtato fetchhämta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kommadigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of kommaitomorrowi · prepositionmodifies kommamorgonmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase isaid the horse.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade- 26
Shortly after, the boy sat on the horse's back.
Straxshortlystrax · adverbmodifies sattdärefterafterwarddärefter · adverbmodifies sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking hästryggenhästryggenhorse's backhästrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of satt The old horse trotted along better than the boy had given him credit for, but it was still a long journey through night and foul weather before they stopped at a large inn.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hästengamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies hästenhästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of travadetravadetrottedtrava · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceundanalongundan · adverbdepends on travadebättrebetterbra · adverbmodifies travadeänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trotttrottbelievedtrott · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on travadehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of trottomcredit forom · prepositiondepends on blevmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on trottändåstilländå · adverbmodifies blevenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of färdlånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies färdfärdjourneyfärd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevgenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking nattnattnightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies färdochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationruskväderfoul weatherruskväder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with nattinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stannadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of stannadestannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blevvidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking gästgivargårdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gästgivargårdstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gästgivargårdgästgivargårdinngästgivargård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stannadeIt looked dreadfully cheerless there.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with sågförfärligtterriblyförfärlig · adverbmodifies otrevligtotrevligtcheerlessotrevlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of sågutlookut · adverbdepends on sågIn the road were rutted tracks so deep that the boy thought he would drown if he fell into one.
Iini · prepositionpreposition marking vägenvägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of djupavorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies spårPast plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective.
uppkördarutteduppkörd · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies spårspårtracksspår · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies vägensåsoså · adverbmodifies djupadjupadeepdjup · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of troddepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of troddetroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on djupaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of drunknahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of drunknaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of drunknadrunknadrowndrunkn · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of troddeomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommekommecamekomme · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on djupaArchaic subjunctive form of 'komma' (to come), used in conditional/reported clauses.
nerdownner · adverbdepends on kommeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of nerAt the fence that ran around the yard, some thirty or forty horses and cattle stood tied, with no shelter from the rain, and inside the yard stood carts with high crates, in which sheep and calves, pigs and hens were shut up.
Vidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking staketetstaketetthe fencestaket · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stodosomthatsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of löptelöpteranlöpte · verb, past, indicative, activeclause modifying staketetruntaroundrunt · adverbmodifies löpteomaroundom · prepositionpreposition marking gårdengårdenyardgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of löptevorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on bundnaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
bundnatiedbunden · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with löpteenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of trettitrettisome thirtytretti · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of bundnafyrtifortyfyrti · numeral, nominativecoordinated with trettiHistorical shortened form of fyrtio, “forty.”
hästarhorseshäst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of löpteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnötkreaturcattlenötkreatur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hästarutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
någotanynågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of skyddskyddshelterskydd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with staketetmotfrommot · prepositionpreposition marking regnetregnetrainregn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies skyddochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationinneinsideinne · adverbmodifies gårdenpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking gårdengårdenyardgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with staketetstodostoodstodo · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekärrorcartskärra · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcomplement of stodomedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking lårarhögatallhög · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies lårarlårarcrateslår · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of stodoHere lår means large boxlike crates, not thighs.
därtheredär · adverbmodifies fårfårsheepfå · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on lårarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkalvarcalveskalvar · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with fårgrisarpigsgris · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with fårochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhönshenshöns · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with fårvorowerevoro · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activedepends on instängdaArchaic plural past tense of vara ("to be").
instängdashut ininstängd · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with får- 27
The horse went and took his place by the fence.
Hästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationställdetook his placeställa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gicksighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ställdevidbyvid · prepositionpreposition marking staketetstaketetthe fencestaket · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ställde The boy stayed sitting on his back, and with such good night-eyes as he had, he saw clearly how badly off the animals were.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on sattpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking rygghanshishan · pronounpossessor of ryggryggbackrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking nattögonsåsuchså · adverbmodifies godagodagoodgod · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies nattögonnattögonnight-eyesnattögon · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with sattsomassom · pronoundirect object of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on nattögonsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with satthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågtydligtclearlytydlig · adverbmodifies såghurhowhur · adverbmodifies svårtsvårtdifficultsvår · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies djurendjurenanimalsdjur · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of sågdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hade- 28
'How does it come that you're standing out here in the rain?'
Hurhowhur · adverbmodifies kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of kommersigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kommerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stårniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stårsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
stårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on kommerhäruteout herehärute · adverbmodifies ståriini · prepositionpreposition marking regnetregnetrainregn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of står he asked.
frågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågade'We're on our way to a market in Örebro, but we've had to put up here because of the rain.
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåonpå · prepositionmodifies ärvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase påtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking marknadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of marknadmarknadmarketmarknad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of äriini · prepositionpreposition marking ÖrebroÖrebroÖrebroÖrebro · proper noun, nominativemodifies marknadmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of harharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tamåsthad tomåst · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with ärininin · adverbdepends on tahärherehär · adverbmodifies taförbecause offör · prepositiondepends on taregnetsthe rain'sregn · noun, genitive, neuter, singularpossessor of skullskullsakeskull · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of taonly occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'.
This is an inn, but so many travelers have come that we can't get room inside the houses.'
Dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gästgivargårdärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to gästgivargårdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gästgivargårdgästgivargårdinngästgivargård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of kommitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinecoordinated with gästgivargårdsåsoså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmanymycket · adverbmodifies resanderesandetravelerresande · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kommitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fårviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fårintenotinte · particlemodifies fårfårfitfå · verb, present, indicative, activeclause modifying resandeplatsplaceplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fårinneinsideinne · adverbmodifies fåriini · prepositionpreposition marking husenhusenhouseshus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of inne- 29
The boy answered nothing, but sat silent and looked about him.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svaradesvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of svaradeutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
sattsatsätta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with svaradeThis form (satt) is actually the past tense of sitta 'to sit', not sätta 'to set'; glossed by its real sense.
tystquiettyst · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattpast tense of se, 'to see.'
sighimsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sågomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies såg Not many of the animals were sleeping; from every side he heard complaint and discontent.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of mångavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to mångaintenotinte · particlemodifies mångamångamanymången · pronoun, pluralhead of the phraseavofav · prepositionpreposition marking djurendjurenanimalsdjur · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies mångasomthatsom · pronounsubject of sovoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
sovosleptsovo · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on djurenArchaic plural past tense of sova (they slept), not a noun.
utanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
frånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking hållallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of hållhålldirectionshåll · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with mångahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördeklaganlamentklagan · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hördeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmissnöjediscontentmissnöje · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with klaganThey had reason enough to moan, for the weather had grown worse than it had been earlier in the day.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activesubject of blivitskälreasonsskäl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of hadenogenoughnog · adverbmodifies skälatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of jämrainfinitive marker before a verb.
jämrato lamentjämra · pronoun, neuter, singularadverbial clause on hadesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of jämraförforför · prepositionpreposition marking vädretvädretweathervädre · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesämreworsedålig · adverbcomplement of blivitänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förutförutbeforeförut · adverbadverbial clause on blivitpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förutAn icy-cold wind had begun to blow, and the rain, which now came sharp and lashing, was mixed with snow.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with börjathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of börjatbörjatbegunbörja · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceblåsablowblåsa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjatenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vindisandeicy-coldisande · adjective, nominativemodifies vindkallcoldkall · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vindvindwindvind · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of blåsavind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationregnetrainregn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with blåsasomwhichsom · pronounsubject of komThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
nunownu · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on regnetvasstsharplyvass · adverbmodifies komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpiskandelashingpiskande · adjective, nominativecoordinated with vasstvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to blandatblandatmixedblanda · verb, active, supineparallel clause to börjatmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking snösnösnowsnö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blandatIt was not hard to understand what the horse wanted the boy to help him with.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with svårtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to svårtintenotinte · particlemodifies svårtsvårtdifficultsvår · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förståinfinitive marker before a verb.
förståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitivedepends on svårtvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of villehästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villevillewantedvilja · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of förståattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hjälpapojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hjälpaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hjälpahjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of villehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälpamedwithmed · prepositiondepends on hjälpa- 30
'Do you see that there's a fine farm standing here across from the inn?'
SerseeSer · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePresent tense of se ('to see'); capitalized here as sentence-initial.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Serattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stårdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of Serenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bondgårdpräktigsplendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bondgårdbondgårdfarmbondgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stårhärherehär · adverbmodifies stårmittemotoppositemittemot · adverbpart of the phrase härgästgivargårdeninngästgivargård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of står asked the horse.
frågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågade'Yes,' said the boy, 'I see it, and I can't understand why they haven't asked for shelter for you in there.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sadedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of serochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of begripakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of begripaintenotinte · particlemodifies begripabegripaunderstandbegripa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with serattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of begärtdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of begärtintenotinte · particlemodifies begärtharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of begärtbegärtasked forbegära · verb, active, supineclausal complement of begripahusrumlodginghusrum · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of begärtåtforåt · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of begärtdärinnein theredärinne · adverbmodifies begärtOr perhaps it's already full there too?'
Elleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies fulltattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fulltdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of fulltredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies fulltärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to fulltfulltfullfull · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasedärtheredär · adverbmodifies fulltocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies fullt'No, there are no guests there,' said the horse.
Nejnonej · interjectionhead of the phrasedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsfinnsthere arefinnas · verb, present, indicativeparallel clause to Nejingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singularmodifies finnsfrämmandestrangefrämmande · adjective, nominativesubject of finnsdärtheredär · adverbmodifies finnssadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Nejhästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade'The people who live on that farm are so stingy and unhelpful that it's not worth anyone's while to ask them for shelter.'
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of snålasomwhosom · pronounsubject of borThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
borlivesbo · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on Deiini · prepositionpreposition marking gårdendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gårdengårdenfarmgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of borärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to snålasåsoså · adverbmodifies snålasnålastingysnåla · verb, active, infinitivemodifies »All occurrences are the plural adjective 'snåla' ('stingy'), mistagged as a verb.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationohjälpsammaunhelpfulohjälpsam · pronoun, neuter, singularcoordinated with snålaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lönardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lönarintenotinte · particlemodifies lönarlönaris worth (it)löna · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on snålasigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of lönarförforför · prepositionpreposition marking någonnågonanyonenågon · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of lönaratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of beinfinitive marker before a verb.
beto askbe · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying någondemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of beomforom · prepositionpreposition marking husrumhusrumlodginghusrum · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of be'Oh, so that's how it is.
JasåohJaså · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of såInterjection mistagged as a noun; expresses mild surprise or acknowledgment and its English rendering shifts with tone.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to sådetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with såsåhowså · adverbhead of the phrasefattholdfatt · adverbpart of the phrase såOccurs in the fixed idiom 'få/gripa fatt (i)', 'to get/grab hold (of)'.
Then I suppose you'll just have to stand where you're standing.'
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies ståfårhave tofå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of ståniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ståsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
välsupposeväl · adverbmodifies ståståstandstå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedärtheredär · adverbmodifies stårniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stårsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
stårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on stå'But I was born and raised on that very place,' said the horse.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of föddärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to föddföddbornfödd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationuppvuxenraiseduppvuxen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with föddjustjustjust · adverbmodifies detpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of födddärtheredär · adverbmodifies detställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase därsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to föddhästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade'I know there's a big stable and a big cowshed there with many empty stalls, and I wondered whether you couldn't arrange it so that we might get in there.'
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of finnsdärtheredär · adverbmodifies finnsfinnsthere isfinnas · verb, present, indicativeclausal complement of vetstortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies stallstallstablestall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of finnsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lagårdlagårdcow houselagård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with stallmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking spiltormångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies spiltortommaemptytom · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies spiltorspiltorstallsspiltor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of finnsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbåsstallsbås · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with spiltorochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undradeundradewonderedundra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with finnsomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ställaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ställaintenotinte · particlemodifies ställakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ställaställato arrangeställa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on undradepåinpå · prepositiondepends on ställasåsoså · adverbpart of the phrase påsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase påattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fingeviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fingefingewere allowed tofinge · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on ställapast subjunctive of få ('to get/be allowed'); mistagged as supine.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fingeininin · adverbdepends on kommadärtheredär · adverbmodifies komma'I don't think I dare risk that,' said the boy.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trorintenotinte · particlemodifies trorattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vågarjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vågarvågardaresvåga · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of trormigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of vågarpåattemptpå · prepositionpreposition marking vågarsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to trorpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeBut then he thought it was such a pity for the animals that he wanted to try anyway.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of synddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of syndvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to syndsåsuchså · adverbmodifies syndsynda pitysynd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of tyckteomforom · prepositionpreposition marking djurendjurenanimalsdjur · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of syndattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of försökahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försökaianywayi · prepositionpreposition marking fallallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fallfallcasesfall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of försökavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of försökaförsökato tryförsöka · verb, active, infinitivedepends on synd- 31
He ran onto the strange farm and saw at once that all the outbuildings were locked and all the keys taken out.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sprangsprangransprangma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLemma is corrupted; surfaces are only "sprang" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma.
ininin · adverbdepends on sprangpåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking gårdendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gårdenfrämmandestrangefrämmande · adjective, nominativemodifies gårdengårdenfarmgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sprangochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sprangpast tense of se, 'to see.'
genastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies sågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of låstaallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of uthusuthusoutbuildingsuthus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of låstavorowerevoro · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to låstaArchaic plural past tense of vara ("to be").
låstalockedlåset · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on sprangochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of nycklarnycklarkeysnyckl · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive urtagnaurtagnataken outurtagen · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with låsta He stood at a loss and helpless, but he got help from an unexpected quarter.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencerådvillat a lossrådvill · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhjälplöshelplesshjälplös · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with rådvillmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickgotfå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodbiståndhelpbistånd · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fickfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking hålloväntatunexpectedovänta · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hållhålldirectionhåll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fickA gust of wind came rushing by at terrific speed and flung open the door of a big barn right in front of him.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of vindilvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to vindilenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vindilvindilgust of windvindil · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounsubject of komThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
komcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on vindilbrusanderushingbrusa · adjective, nominativemodifies kompresent participle of brusa, 'to roar/rush'; tagged as adjective in this parse.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking farthiskligterrifichisklig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fartfartspeedfart · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with komuppupupp · adverbdepends on kastadedörrendoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kastadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ladaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ladastorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ladaladabarnlada · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kastademittframförright in frontmittframför · adverbdepends on ladahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of mittframför- 32
The boy, of course, was not slow to turn back to the horse.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of senvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies Pojkenförståsof courseförstås · adverbmodifies Pojkenintenotinte · particlemodifies förståssenslowsen · adverbintroduces the clause of vändaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vändainfinitive marker before a verb.
vändato turnvända · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencetillbakabacktillbaka · adverbdepends on vändatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking hästenhästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tillbaka 'It's not possible to get into the stable or the cowshed,' he said, 'but there's a big, empty hay barn that they've forgotten to shut, and I can bring you in there.'
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with möjligtärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to möjligtintenotinte · particlemodifies möjligtmöjligtpossiblemöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasehalf the examples (ch01-p27, ch04-p30) use the fixed idiom 'allt möjligt' = 'all sorts of/everything', not the literal 'possible' sense used in the other two.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivedepends on möjligtininin · adverbdepends on kommaiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking stalletstalletstablestall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommaelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking lagårdenlagårdencow houselagård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with stalletsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with möjligthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsfinnsthere isfinnas · verb, present, indicativecoordinated with sadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singularquantifies storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of finnstomemptytom · adverbmodifies höladaPredicative adjective 'empty', despite the adverb tag.
höladahay barnhölada · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with storsomthatsom · pronoundirect object of glömtThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of glömtharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of glömtglömtforgottenglömma · verb, active, supinerelative clause on höladaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of stängainfinitive marker before a verb.
stängato closestänga · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of glömtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdittheredit · adverbmodifies förakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of förajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of föraförabringföra · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with glömtininin · adverbdepends on föraeryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of föra'Thank you!'
Tackthankstack · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesaid the horse.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade'It will be good to sleep once more on the old
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies blirattthatatt · subordinating conjunctiondepends on bliränthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sovaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sovafåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of sovasovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on blirpåonpå · prepositiondepends on sovadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of gamlaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
gamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sova- 33
home grounds.
tomternahome groundstomt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraseThis type merges two distinct words: tomte (gnome) and tomt (plot of land).
That's the only joy I can still have in this life.'
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of glädjeärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to glädjedenaen · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of glädjeendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativemodifies glädjeglädjejoyglädje · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronoundirect object of fåThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfåhavefå · verb, active, infinitivedepends on glädjehärherehär · adverbmodifies fåiini · prepositionpreposition marking livetlivetlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of få- 34
In the rich farmhouse across from the inn, however, they had that evening come to sit up much later than usual.
Iini · prepositionpreposition marking bondgårdendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bondgårdenrikarichrik · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies bondgårdenbondgårdenfarmbondgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sittasomthatsom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
låglayligga · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on bondgårdenmistagged as adjective; the surface 'låg' here is the past tense of ligga 'to lie', not the unrelated adjective låg 'low'.
mittemotoppositemittemot · adverbpreposition marking gästgivargårdengästgivargårdeninngästgivargård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of låghadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sittadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadeemellertidhoweveremellertid · adverbmodifies hadedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kvällenkvälleneveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadekommitcomekomma · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of sittain kommit att + infinitive, 'come to (do something)'.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sittainfinitive marker before a verb.
sittato sitsitta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceuppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies sittamycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies längrelängrelaterlång · adverbmodifies sittaComparative adverb forms of 'lång' (long); English rendering shifts between spatial 'far/further' and temporal 'longer' depending on context.
änthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of brukadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of brukadebrukadeusually didbruka · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with sittaBackbone tags this as an adjective, but the surface (brukade) is the past tense of bruka, 'to usually do'.
- 35
The farmer there was a man of thirty-five.
Husbondenfarmerhusbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasedärtheredär · adverbmodifies karlvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to karlenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of trettifemtrettifemthirty-fivetrettifem · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies årsårsyears oldår · noun, genitive, neuter, pluralpossessor of karlkarlmankarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on Husbonden He was tall and stately, with a handsome but rather gloomy face.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of långvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to långlångtalllång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ansikteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationståtligstatelyståtlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with långmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vackertettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of vackertvackertbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on långmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrättratherrätt · adverbmodifies dystertdystertgloomydyster · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with långansiktefaceansikte · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseDuring the day he had been out in the rain and gotten wet like everyone else, and at supper he had asked his old mother, who was still mistress of the farm, to light a fire in the hearth so he could dry his clothes.
Underduringunder · prepositionpreposition marking dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of varithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceuteoutsideute · adverbmodifies varitiini · prepositionpreposition marking regnetregnetrainregn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of uteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinecoordinated with varitvåtwetvåt · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitsomwhosom · conjunctionintroduces the clause of andraallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andraandraothersannan · pronoun, pluralcomplement of blivitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvidatvid · prepositionmodifies bettkvällsvardensupperkvällsvard · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase vidhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of betthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bettbettaskedbet · verb, active, supinecoordinated with varitSupine 'bett' of be (to ask/pray), unrelated to bita (to bite).
sinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of morgamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies mormormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of bettsomwhosom · pronounsubject of värdinnaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ännustillännu · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to värdinnavärdinnamistressvärdinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on moriofi · prepositionpreposition marking gårdengårdenfarmgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of värdinnaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tändahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tändaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tändatändato lighttända · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on värdinnauppupupp · adverbdepends on tändaeldfireeld · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tändaiini · prepositionpreposition marking spisenspisenhearthspis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tändasåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of torkaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of torkafickcouldfå · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of torkatorkadrytorka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tändasinahissig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of kläderkläderclotheskläder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of torkaHis mother had then made a small, meager fire, for in that house they were not in the habit of wasting firewood, and the farmer had hung his coat on a chair and set it before the fire.
Modernhis motherModern · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjorthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjortdärpåthen/after thatdärpå · adverbmodifies gjortgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of litenlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gjortklenmeagerkl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with litenbrasafirebrasa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with litenförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of brukadedärtheredär · adverbmodifies brukadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking husethusethousehus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of brukadebrukadeused tobruka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gjortdetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ödslasurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
intenotinte · particlemodifies ödslaödslawasteödsla · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of brukademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vedenvedenfirewoodved · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ödslaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhusbondenfarmerhusbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hängthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hängthängthunghäng · verb, active, supinecoordinated with brukadeLemma is a truncated form of 'hänga' (to hang); surface 'hängt' is its supine.
sinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of rockrockcoatrock · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hängtpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking stolenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stolstolchairstol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hängtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationställtput/placedställa · verb, active, supinecoordinated with hängtdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of ställtframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking eldeneldenfireeld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ställtThen he had set one foot up on the hearthstone and rested his arm on his knee, and so he had stood there gazing into the fire.
Sedanthensedan · adverbmodifies satthadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of satthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceuppupupp · adverbdepends on sattenaoneena · adjective, nominativemodifies fotenfotenfootfot · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sattpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking spishällenspishällenthe hearthstonespishäll · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstöttrestedstöta · verb, active, supinecoordinated with sattarmenarmarm · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of stöttmotonmot · prepositionmodifies stöttknäetthe kneeknäet · nounpart of the phrase motochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåsoså · adverbmodifies blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinecoordinated with sattståendestandingstående · adjective, nominativecomplement of blivitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsettseense · verb, active, supinecoordinated with ståendeininin · adverbdepends on settiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking brasanbrasanfirebrasa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of settA hearth or bonfire.
He had stayed there for a couple of hours and made no movement except now and then to throw a log on the fire.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ståtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ståttståttstoodstå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencekvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on ståttifori · prepositionpreposition marking timmarettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies timmartimmarhourstimme · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of ståttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies gjortgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supinecoordinated with ståttenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rörelserörelsemovementrörelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gjortannatexceptannan · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies ståttänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase annatförtoför · prepositionmodifies ståttättlineageätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase fördånowdå · adverbmodifies ståttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies kastakastato throwkasta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with ståttettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of vedträvedträa logvedträ · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kastapåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking härdenhärdenthe firehärd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kasta- 36
The mistress had cleared away the supper things and made his bed, and then she had gone in and sat down in the little chamber.
Husmodernmistress of the houseHusmodern · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of plockathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of plockatplockatcleared awayplocka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceundanawayundan · adverbdepends on plockatkvällsvardensupperkvällsvard · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of plockatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbäddatmade the bedbäddaa · verb, active, supinecoordinated with plockathanshishan · pronounpossessor of sängsängbedsäng · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of bäddatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsedanthensedan · adverbmodifies gåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåtthonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåttgåttgone ingå · verb, active, supinecoordinated with plockatininin · adverbdepends on gåttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gåttsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sattiini · prepositionpreposition marking lillkammarenlillkammarenlittle chamberlillkammare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of satt Now and then she came to the door and looked wonderingly at him, standing there by the fire and not going to bed.
Iblandnow and thenibland · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komitoi · prepositionpreposition marking dörrendörrendoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kompast tense of se, 'to see.'
undrandewonderinglyundra · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sågpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sågsomwhosom · pronounsubject of stodThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
stodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on honomvidbyvid · prepositionpreposition marking eldeneldenfireelde · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationladewent to bedla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gick"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of lade'It's nothing, mother.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with ingentingärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to ingentingingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phrasemormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ingentingIt's only something old I'm thinking about,' he said.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gammaltärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to gammaltbarajustbara · adverbmodifies gammaltnågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of gammaltgammaltoldgammal · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronoundirect object of tänkerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkertänkerthinktänka · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on gammaltpåaboutpå · prepositiondepends on tänkersadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to gammalthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade- 37
The matter was this: that when he had passed the inn just a little while before, a horse dealer had come up and asked if he wanted to buy a horse, and had shown him an old broken-down horse so badly used up that he had to ask the fellow if he was mad, trying to foist off such a wreck on him.
Sakenthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of denvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåttnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåtthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttpassedgå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on denförbipastförbi · adverbdepends on gåttgästgivargårdeninngästgivargård · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gåttheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies nyssnyssjust nownyss · adverbmodifies gåtthadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hästhandlarehästhandlarehorse dealerhästhandlare · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadekommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinecoordinated with gåttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfrågataskedfråga · verb, active, supinecoordinated with kommitomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of köpahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of köpavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of köpaköpato buyköpa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on frågatenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hästhästhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of köpaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of visatvisatshownvisa · verb, active, supinecoordinated with köpahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of visatettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of hästkräkgammaltoldgammal · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hästkräkhästkräkbroken-down horsehästkräk · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of visatsomthatsom · pronounsubject of tilltygatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tilltygatsåsoså · adverbmodifies illaillabadlyilla · adjective, nominativemodifies tilltygattilltygatbatteredtilltyga · noun, nominative, neuter, singularrelative clause on hästkräkattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of frågahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of frågafrågato askfråga · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying hästkräkkarlenmankarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of frågaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of galenhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of galenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to galengalenmadgal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of frågasomwhosom · pronounsubject of utskottThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
villewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activepossessor of narranarratricknarra · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of utskottInfinitive of the verb 'narra' (to trick/deceive), mistagged here as a noun.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies narraettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of utskottsådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies utskottutskottwreckutskott · noun, nominative, neuter, singularin apposition to galen 'Oh no, I only thought that since this horse used to belong to you, you might want to give it a peaceful old age, for it needs one,' the horse dealer had answered.
Ånejoh noÅnej · proper noun, nominativesubject of tänkteInterjection (Ånej = Å nej, 'oh no'), tagged as a proper noun by the parser.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebarajustbara · adverbmodifies tänkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skaffaeftersomsinceeftersom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varitdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hästenhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase denhästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on skaffaiini · prepositionpreposition marking ägoeryouni · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of ägoägopossessionägo · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of varitförutbeforeförut · adverbmodifies ägosåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on skaffaskullemightskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skaffaniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skaffasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
kanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies skaffaviljato wantvilja · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of skaffaskaffato getskaffa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tänktedenaen · determiner, common gender, singularindirect object of skaffaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ålderdomlugncalmlugn · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ålderdomålderdomold ageålderdom · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skaffaförforför · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of behöverbehöverneedsbehöva · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with tänktedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of behöverhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of svarathästhandlarenthe horse dealerhästhandlar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svaratsvaratansweredsvara · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on behöver- 38
Then he had looked at the horse and recognized it.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of setthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settsettseense · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencepåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking hästenhästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of settochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkäntrecognizedkänt · verb, active, supinecoordinated with settigenagainigen · adverbdepends on käntdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of känt It was one that he himself had raised and broken in.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of envarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to enenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronoundirect object of föttThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of föttsjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying hanhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of föttföttraisedföda · verb, active, supinerelative clause on enuppupupp · adverbdepends on föttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkörtbroken inköra · verb, active, supinecoordinated with föttininin · adverbdepends on körtBut it never occurred to him to buy such an old and useless creature on that account.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with föllföllfellföll · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of föllintenotinte · particlemodifies föllininin · adverbdepends on föllatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of köpainfinitive marker before a verb.
köpato buyköpa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of föllettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of kreatursåsuchså · adverbmodifies gammaltgammaltoldgammal · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase ettochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationodugligtuselessoduglig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with gammaltkreaturcattlekreatur · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of köpafördenskullfor that reasonfördenskull · adverbmodifies föllOh no, certainly not.
Ånejoh noÅnej · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseInterjection (Ånej = Å nej, 'oh no'), tagged as a proper noun by the parser.
visstcertainlyviss · adverbmodifies Ånejsurface visst here is the adverb 'certainly/surely', not the adjective viss 'certain'.
intenotinte · particlemodifies visstHe was not one to throw his money away.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies vardenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of varsomwhosom · pronounsubject of kastadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on denbortawaybort · adverbdepends on kastadesinahissig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of pengarpengarmoneypengar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of kastade- 39
But all the same, seeing the horse had stirred up many memories in him, and it was those memories that kept him so wide awake that he could not go to bed.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiall the samei · prepositionpreposition marking fallallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fallfallcasesfall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of väckthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of väcktdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with väcktväcktstirred upväcka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencemångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies minnenminnenmemoriesminne · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of väckthoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies minnenattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sefåttseeingfå · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of se"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on väckthästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of seochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of minnenavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to minnenaminnenamemoriesminne · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with sesomthatsom · pronounsubject of hölloThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
höllokepthålloa · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on minnenaSurface 'höllo' is past plural of 'hålla' (to hold/keep); lemma is a spelling artifact.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of höllosåsoså · adverbmodifies minnenavakenawakevak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of minnenaAll four examples in this chunk use "vaken" as the adjective (awake), not the noun "vak" (ice-hole); the primary gloss should be "awake" here, though the ice-hole noun sense also occurs elsewhere in the book under this same conflated surface.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåintenotinte · particlemodifies gåkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on minnenaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationläggato lay/putlägga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gåsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of lägga - 40
Yes, that horse had been a fine, handsome, good animal.
Jayesja · interjectionhead of the phrasedenaen · determiner, common gender, singularparallel clause to Jadärtheredär · adverbmodifies granthästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of granthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of grantvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to grantettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of grantbraverybra · adjective, nominativemodifies grantgrantfine/splendidgrant · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularrelative clause on denochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies djurdjuranimalsdjur · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with grant Father had let him care for it right from the start.
Farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låtithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of låtitlåtitletlåta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of låtitskötato tend tosköta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låtitdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of skötaalltifrånever sincealltifrån · prepositionpreposition marking börjanbörjanbeginningbörjan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skötaHe had broken it in, and he had loved it more than anything else.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of körthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of körtkörtbroken inköra · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceininin · adverbdepends on körtdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of körtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hållithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållithållitlovedhålla · verb, active, supinecoordinated with körtSurface "hållit" spans several idioms in this book: literal "held" (hållit trogen vakt = kept faithful watch), "hållit ut" (held out/endured), "hållit på" (had been -ing, continuous aspect), and "hållit sig" (stayed/remained). A single fixed gloss of "held" misrenders the hållit på / hållit sig examples.
avloveav · prepositionpreposition marking annatdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of annatmermoremycket · adverbmodifies annatänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase meralltallall · determiner, neuter, singularpart of the phrase merannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hållitFather had complained that he fed it too well, and he had often had to sneak off to give it oats.
Farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of klagathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of klagatklagatcomplainedklaga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceöverthatöver · prepositionintroduces the clause of fodradeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fodradehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fodradefodradefedfodra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on klagatdeniten · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of fodradeförtooför · adverbmodifies välvälwellväl · adverbmodifies fodradeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of smygaoftaoftenofta · adverbmodifies hademåsthad tomåst · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of smygasmygato sneaksmyga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on klagatsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of smygatillsneak offtill · prepositionintroduces the clause of geatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of geinfinitive marker before a verb.
geto givege · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on smygadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of havrehavreoatshavre · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ge- 41
He had never wanted to walk to church while he had that horse, but had always driven.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of velathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of velataldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies velatvelatwantedvela · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencelemma should be vilja 'to want'; velat is its supine form.
gågogå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of velattillon foottill · prepositionpreposition marking fotsfotson footfots · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gåtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking kyrkankyrkanchurchkyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gånärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gådenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hästenhästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of åktalltidalwaysalltid · adverbmodifies åktåktdrivenåkt · verb, active, supinecoordinated with velat It was only to be able to show off the young horse.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebarajustbara · adverbmodifies varförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of ståtaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ståtainfinitive marker before a verb.
fåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of ståtaståtashow offståta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on varmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking unghästenunghästenthe young horseunghäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ståtaHe himself came in homespun, home-sewn clothes, and the cart was plain and unpainted, but the horse was the finest that drove up to the churchyard hill.
Självhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komiini · prepositionpreposition marking kläderhemmavävdahomespunhemmavävda · adjective, nominativemodifies kläderochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhemmasyddahome-sewnhemmasydd · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with hemmavävdakläderclotheskläder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkärranthe cartkärran · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of simpelvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to simpelsimpelplainsimpel · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomåladunpaintedomålad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with simpelmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of grannastevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to grannastedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of grannastegrannastefinestgrannaste · adjective, nominative, superlativecoordinated with simpelsomthatsom · pronounsubject of kördeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kördedroveköra · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on grannasteuppupupp · adverbdepends on kördepåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking kyrkbackenkyrkbackenchurch hillkyrkback · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of körde- 42
Once he had dared speak to Father about buying himself store-bought clothes and having the cart painted.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vågathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vågathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vågatvågatdaredvåga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencetalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of vågatmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking farfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talaominom · prepositionintroduces the clause of köpaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of köpaköpato buyköpa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on talasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of köpaklädeskläderbroadcloth clothesklädeskläder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of köpaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of målainfinitive marker before a verb.
fåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of målamålapaintmåla · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with köpakärranthe cartkärran · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of måla Father had stood as if turned to stone.
Farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ståtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ståttståttstoodstå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesomas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förstenadförstenadturned to stoneförstenad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of ståttThe son had thought the old man would have a stroke.
Sonensonson · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trotttrottbelievedtrott · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fågubbenold mangubb · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfåhavefå · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of trottslagstrokeslag · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fåHe had then tried to make Father understand that when he had such a fine horse to drive, he himself ought surely to look like something too.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försökthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of försöktdåthendå · adverbmodifies försöktförsökttriedförsöka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencefåmakefå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försöktfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förståinfinitive marker before a verb.
förståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fåattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on försöktenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hästsåsuchså · adverbmodifies granngrannsplendidgrann · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hästhästhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of åkainfinitive marker before a verb.
åkadriveåka · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying hästefterbehindefter · prepositiondepends on åkabordeought toböra · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seBare borde is simple past modal ("ought to"/"should"); the perfect sense ("ought to have") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth ("borde släppa taget") has no ha and translates as plain "ought to."
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sevälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies seocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies sesjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on ocksåseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on försöktnågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of seutlookut · adverbdepends on se- 43
Father had said nothing, but a couple of days later he had gone in to Örebro with the horse and sold it.
Farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hadesvaratansweredsvara · verb, active, supinecomplement of hademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies dardardaysd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with hadeefteråtafterwardefteråt · adverbmodifies darhadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of resthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haderesttraveledrest · verb, active, supinecoordinated with hadeininin · adverbdepends on resttilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ÖrebroÖrebroÖrebroÖrebro · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of restmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hästenhästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of restochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåltsoldsåla · verb, active, supinecoordinated with resthonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sålt - 44
It had been cruel, but it was clear that Father had feared that horse would lead him into vanity and waste, and now, so long afterward, he had to admit that Father had been right.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of grymthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of grymtvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to grymtgrymtcruelgrymt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with klartvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to klartklartclearklar · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with grymtattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fruktatfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fruktathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fruktatfruktatfearedfrukta · verb, active, supinedepends on klartattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of .deniten · pronoun, common gender, singularpart of the phrase attdärtheredär · adverbmodifies lockathästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lockatskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lockathahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of lockatlockatluredlocka · verb, active, supinerelative clause on denhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lockattillintotill · prepositionpreposition marking fåfängafåfängavanityfåfänga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lockatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslöseriwasteslöseri · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with fåfängaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies erkännasåsoså · adverbmodifies efteråthärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase sålångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies efteråtefteråtafterwardefteråt · adverbadverbial clause on erkännamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of erkännahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of erkännaerkännato admiterkänna · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with denattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of haftfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hafthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supineclausal complement of erkännarättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haft Such a horse could certainly have become a temptation.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hästsådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hästsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
hästhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivitkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitvisstcertainlyviss · adverbmodifies blivitsurface visst here is the adverb 'certainly/surely', not the adjective viss 'certain'.
hahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of frestelsefrestelsetemptationfrestelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of blivitBut at the time, in the beginning, he had grieved something terrible.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåat the timedå · adverbmodifies hadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking börjanbörjanbeginningbörjan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadesörjtgrievedsörjt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldepends on hanrentpurelyren · adverbmodifies förfärligtförfärligtterribleförfärlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hadeSometimes he had gone into Örebro just to stand at a street corner and watch the horse drive by, or to sneak in to him in the stable with a lump of sugar.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of farithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of faritfarittraveledfara · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceininin · adverbdepends on farittilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ÖrebroÖrebroÖrebroÖrebro · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of faritiblandsometimesibland · adverbmodifies faritbarajustbara · adverbmodifies faritförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of ståatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ståinfinitive marker before a verb.
ståstandstå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on faritiati · prepositionpreposition marking gathörnettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of gathörngathörnstreet cornergathörn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ståochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationseseese · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with ståhästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sekörato driveköra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of seförbipastförbi · adverbdepends on köraelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of fåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fåget tofå · verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of smygasmygato sneaksmyga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with körasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of smygatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of smygaiini · prepositionpreposition marking stalletstalletstablestall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of smygamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sockerenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bitbitlumpbit · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sockersockersugarsocker · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of smyga- 45
'If Father dies and I get the farm,' he had thought, 'buying back my horse will be the first thing I do.'
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dörfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dördördiesdöra · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tänktochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fårfårgetfå · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with dörgårdenfarmgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fårhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänkthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkttänktthoughttänka · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on görskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of köpajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of köpaköpato buyköpa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with tänktigenagainigen · adverbdepends on köpaminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of hästpossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
hästhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of köpadetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of jagförstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies jagsurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of görgördoesgöra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentence - 46
Now Father was dead, and he himself had held the farm for a couple of years, but he had not made a single attempt to buy the horse back.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies dödvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to dödfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase vardöddeaddöd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseExamples mix the noun (döden) with adjectival uses (död gås); flag if the occurrence is adjectival.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying hansattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with dödvidin possession ofvid · prepositionpreposition marking gårdengårdenfarmgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattsedanforsedan · prepositionpreposition marking årAlso glossed as preposition (since/for/ago), but example ch03-p30-s3 ('Han följde sedan barnen...') uses sedan adverbially to mean 'then/afterward', a sense the original senses list omitted.
ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies åråryearsår · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of sattmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjorthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjortintenotinte · particlemodifies gjortgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supinecoordinated with sattettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of försökendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativemodifies försökförsökattemptförsök · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gjortatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of köpainfinitive marker before a verb.
köpato buyköpa · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying försöktillbakabacktillbaka · adverbdepends on köpahästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of köpa He had not thought of him for a long time, not until this very evening.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänktintenotinte · particlemodifies tänkttänktthoughttänka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencepåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tänktpåforpå · prepositionpreposition marking tiderlångligavery longlånglig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tiderLångliga is an older emphatic form meaning ‘very long.’
tidertimestid · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of tänktförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies nuused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
nunownu · adverbmodifies tänktithis eveningi · prepositionpreposition marking kvällkvälleveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nu- 47
It was strange that he had been able to forget it so completely.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with märkvärdigtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to märkvärdigtmärkvärdigtstrangemärkvärdig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of glömmahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of glömmahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of glömmakunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of glömmaglömmato forgetglömma · verb, active, infinitivedepends on märkvärdigtdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of glömmasåsoså · adverbmodifies heltheltentirelyhel · adverbmodifies glömmaused in the fixed phrase 'helt och hållet' (entirely, completely).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhålletcompletelyhållen · adverbcoordinated with heltsurface hållet; not a true adverb lemma but the idiom helt och hållet vs. the noun håll ('direction').
But Father had been a very commanding and strong-willed man, and when the son had grown up and the two of them had always worked together, Father had gained great power over him.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåttvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to manenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of manmycketverymycket · adverbmodifies myndigmyndigcommandingmyndig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies manochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationviljestarkstrong-willedviljestark · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with myndigmanmanman · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase farochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivitsonensonson · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on fåttvuxengrown upvuxen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of tvåSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
tvåtwotvå · numeral, nominativequantifies jämtjämtconstantlyjämt · adverbmodifies gåttgåttworkedgå · verb, active, supinecoordinated with blivitsammantogethersamman · adverbdepends on gåttvidinvid · prepositionpreposition marking arbetetarbetetworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåttfåttgainedfå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencestorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies maktmaktpowermakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåttöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fåttHe had then come to believe that Father was right in everything he did.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies tyckahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tyckahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckakommitcomekomma · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of tyckain kommit att + infinitive, 'come to (do something)'.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tyckainfinitive marker before a verb.
tyckato thinktycka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadefarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of tyckarättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeiini · prepositionmodifies hadeallteverythingall · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase ivadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of gjordehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of tyckaAnd since he himself had taken over the farm, he had only tried to act in everything just as Father would have acted.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of övertagithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of övertagitsjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying hanhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of övertagitövertagittaken overöverta · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hadegårdenfarmgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of övertagithadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of försökthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försöktbarajustbara · adverbmodifies försöktförsökttriedförsöka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of handlainfinitive marker before a verb.
iini · prepositionmodifies handlaalltingeverythingallting · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase ihandlato acthandla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on försöktsåjustså · adverbmodifies handlasomassom · pronounsubject of handlatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of handlatskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of handlathahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of handlathandlatactedhandla · verb, active, supinecoordinated with försökt- 48
He well knew that people said Father was stingy, but surely it was right to keep a tight hold on the purse and not throw money away needlessly.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenogwellnog · adverbmodifies vissteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sadefolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of vissteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of snålfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of snålvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to snålsnålstingysnål · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of sademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of rättvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to rättvälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies rätträttrighträtt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with snålatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hållainfinitive marker before a verb.
hållato hold tighthålla · verb, active, infinitivedepends on rättpåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking pungenpungenthe pursepung · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hållaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies kastakastato throwkasta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with hållabortawaybort · adverbdepends on kastapengarnamoneypengar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of kastaineedlesslyi · prepositionmodifies kastaonödanneedlesslyonödan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iUsed in the expression i onödan, 'needlessly.'
The good things one had gotten, surely one should not let go to waste.
Detaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of godagodagoodgod · adjective, nominative, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronoundirect object of fåttThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
manoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttfåttgottenfå · verb, active, supinerelative clause on godaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of låtamanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låtavälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies låtaintenotinte · particlemodifies låtalåtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to godaförfarasgo to wasteförfara · verb, passive, infinitivedirect object of låtaIt was better to be called stingy and sit on a debt-free farm than to have great loans to struggle with, like the other farmers.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with bättrevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to bättrebättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativehead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kallasinfinitive marker before a verb.
kallasbe calledkalla · verb, passive, infinitivedepends on bättresnålstingysnål · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of kallasochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsittato sitsitta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with snålpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking gårdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gårdskuldfridebt-freeskuldfri · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gårdgårdfarmgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of snålänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of haatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hainfinitive marker before a verb.
hato haveha · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying gårdstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies lånlånloanslån · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of haatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of drasinfinitive marker before a verb.
drasto struggle withdra · verb, passive, infinitiveadverbial clause on hamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking drassomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hemmansägarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of hemmansägarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hemmansägarnahemmansägarnafarm ownershemmansägarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of dras- 49
So far had he gotten in his thoughts when he gave a start, because he heard something odd.
Såsoså · adverbmodifies långtlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeintroduces the clause of kommenhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommenkommenarrivedkomm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasePast participle 'kommen' of 'komma' (to come/arrive), truncated to 'komm' and mistagged as a noun.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking tankarsinahissig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of tankartankarthoughtstank · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kommendåwhendå · subordinating conjunctionmodifies rycktehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ryckterycktetuggedrycka · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on tankartillstarttill · prepositiondepends on rycktedärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of hördeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därförhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kommennågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardirect object of hördebesynnerligtstrangebesynnerlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of hörde It was as though a shrill, mocking voice had repeated exactly what he was thinking: 'It's best to hold tight to the purse.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of upprepatvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ,somas thoughsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gällomifom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking gällenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gällgällshrillgäll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on Detochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgäckandemockinggäckande · adjective, nominativemodifies röströstvoiceröst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with gällhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of upprepatupprepatrepeatedupprepa · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencejustjustjust · adverbmodifies upprepatvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of tänktehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on upprepatDetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with bästärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to bästbästbestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativehead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hållainfinitive marker before a verb.
hållato hold tighthålla · verb, active, infinitivedepends on bästhårthardhård · adverbmodifies hållaomtoom · prepositionpreposition marking pungenpungenthe pursepung · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hållaIt's better to be called stingy and sit on a debt-free farm than to be saddled with loans like the other farmers.'
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with bättreärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to bättrebättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativehead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kallasinfinitive marker before a verb.
kallasbe calledkalla · verb, passive, infinitivedepends on bättresnålstingysnål · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of kallasochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsittato sitsitta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with snålpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking gårdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gårdskuldfridebt-freeskuldfri · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gårdgårdfarmgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of snålänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of drasatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of drasinfinitive marker before a verb.
drassaddled withdra · verb, passive, infinitiveclause modifying gårdmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking lånlånloanslån · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of drassomlikesom · pronounintroduces the clause of hemmansägarnaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of hemmansägarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hemmansägarnahemmansägarnafarm ownershemmansägarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralin apposition to lån- 50
It sounded as though someone wanted to make fun of his wisdom, and he was about to grow angry when he realized that the whole thing was only a mistake.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of lätlätsoundedlät · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesomas thoughsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of göraomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of göranågonsomeonenågon · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of göravillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of göragöramakegöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on lätsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of göralustigfunlustig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of göraöveroföver · prepositionpreposition marking visdomhanshishan · pronounpossessor of visdomvisdomwisdomvisdom · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of göraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllhöllwas about tohålla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lätpåin progresspå · prepositiondepends on höllatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bliinfinitive marker before a verb.
blibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on höllondangryond · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blithis is the adjective ond meaning 'angry' in this idiom (bli ond), not a numeral.
närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of märktehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märktemärktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on bliattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of misstagalltihopthe whole thingalltihop · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of misstagbarajustbara · adverbmodifies misstagvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to misstagettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of misstagmisstagmistakemisstag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of märkte The wind had begun to blow now, and he had been standing there and grown so drowsy that he had taken the howling of the wind in the chimney for real speech.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with börjathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of börjatbörjatbegunbörja · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceblåsablowblåsa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjatnunownu · adverbmodifies blåsaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhärherehär · adverbmodifies ståtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ståtthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ståttståttstoodstå · verb, active, supinecoordinated with börjatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinecoordinated with ståttsåsoså · adverbmodifies sömnigsömnigsleepysömnig · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of ståttAdjective 'sleepy/drowsy', despite the noun tag.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tagithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tagithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tagittagittakenta · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on ståttvindenswind'svind · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of tjutandetjutandehowlingtjutande · adjective, nominativedirect object of tagitiini · prepositionpreposition marking skorstenenskorstenenchimneyskorsten · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tagitförforför · prepositionpreposition marking talriktigtrealriktig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies taltalspeechtal · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of tagit- 51
He turned his eyes toward the wall clock, and it struck eleven heavy strokes just at that moment.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändevändeturnedväna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända.
ögoneneyesögon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of vändemottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking väggklockanväggklockanwall clockväggklocka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vändeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of slogslogstruckslå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vändeLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
justjustjust · adverbmodifies slogiati · prepositionpreposition marking detsammadetsammathe samedensamma · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of slogelvaelevenelva · numeral, nominativequantifies slagtungaheavytung · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies slagslagkindsslag · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of slog It was dreadfully late, how late it had gotten.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gruvligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gruvligtgruvligtterriblygruvlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesåhowså · adverbmodifies sentsentlatesen · adverbmodifies gruvligtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinedepends on gruvligt'It's high time you went to bed,' he thought.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with tidenärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to tidenpåhigh timepå · prepositionpreposition marking tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gårduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on tidenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationläggergoes to bedlägga · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with gårdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of gårtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to tidenhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkteBut then he remembered that he had not yet gone around the farm, as he was used to doing every evening, to see that all the doors and shutters were closed and all the lights put out.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komihågto mind (remember)ihåg · adverbdepends on komonly occurs in the fixed phrase komma ihåg 'to remember'.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåtthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåttännuyetännu · adverbmodifies gåttintenotinte · particlemodifies gåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttgone aroundgå · verb, active, supineclausal complement of komruntaroundrunt · adverbmodifies gåttgårdenfarmgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gåttsomassom · pronounoblique complement of brukadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brukadebrukadeused tobruka · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on gårdengöradogöra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of brukadevarwasvara · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kvällmistagged as a determiner; the surface 'var' here is the past tense of vara 'to be'.
kvälleveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of göraförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of seatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on göraeftercheckefter · prepositiondepends on seattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dörrarallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of dörrardörrardoorsdörr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralclausal complement of seochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationluckorshuttersluckor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with dörrarvorowerevoro · pronoun, pluraldepends on semistagged as a pronoun; this is the archaic plural past tense of vara 'to be'.
stängdaclosedstängd · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies seochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ljusljuslightsljus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with stängdasläcktaput outsläckt · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of seHe had never neglected that since he had become master there.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of försummathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försummataldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies försummatförsummatneglectedförsummat · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on försummatherremasterherre · verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominativecomplement of blivitdärtheredär · adverbmodifies blivitHe flung on his coat and went out into the storm.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slängdeslängdethrewslänga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of slängderockencoatrock · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of slängdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with slängdeutoutut · adverbdepends on gickiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking ovädretovädretthe stormovädre · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gick- 52
He found everything as it should be, except that the door of the empty hay barn had been blown open by the wind.
Alltingeverythingallting · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of fannfannfoundfinna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannsåasså · adverbmodifies fannsomassom · pronoundirect object of varaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varavarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of fannutomexceptutom · prepositionintroduces the clause of blivitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivitdörrendoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivittilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking höladandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of höladantommaemptytom · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies höladanhöladanhay barnhölada · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies dörrenhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on varauppkastadblown openuppkastad · verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominativecomplement of blivitavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking vindenvindenwindvind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularagent of uppkastadvind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form.
He went in for the key, shut the barn, and put the key in his coat pocket.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceininin · adverbdepends on gickefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking nyckelnnyckelnkeynyckel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickstängdeshutstäng · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickladanbarnlada · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of stängdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstoppadeputstoppa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stängdenyckelnkeynyckel · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of stoppadeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking rockfickanrockfickancoat pocketrockficka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stoppadeThen he made his way back into the main room, took off his coat, and hung it before the fire.
Sedanthensedan · adverbmodifies begavbegavset offbegava · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on toghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of begavsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of begavtillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies begavininin · adverbdepends on begaviintoi · prepositionpreposition marking storstuganstorstuganthe great roomstorstuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of intogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceavoffav · prepositionpreposition marking rockenrockencoatrock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of togochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhängdehunghängde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with togdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of hängdeframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking eldeneldenfireelde · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hängdeBut he did not go to bed even now, but began to walk back and forth in the room.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies gicktilltotill · prepositionmodifies gicksängsto bedsäng · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpart of the phrase tillnunownu · adverbmodifies gickhellereitherheller · adverbmodifies gickutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
börjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gickframforwardfram · adverbdepends on gåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtillbakabacktillbaka · adverbcoordinated with framiini · prepositionpreposition marking stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of framIt was frightful weather out there, with the biting cold wind and the snow-mixed rain.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of vädervarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to väderettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of väderfasligtterriblyfaslig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies väderUsed adverbially: 'dreadfully/terribly'.
väderweatherväder · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseuteoutsideute · adverbmodifies kallamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking bitandedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bitandebitandebitingbitande · adjective, nominativeoblique complement of kallakallacoldkalla · verb, active, infinitivedepends on väderMislemmatized: both examples ('det kalla nattkvarteret', 'i den kalla marsnatten') show the definite/inflected adjective 'kall' ('cold'), not the verb kalla ('to call'). Gloss corrected to match the attested adjective use.
blåstenwindblåst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of kallaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of regnetsnöblandademixed with snowsnöblanda · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies regnetregnetrainregn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with kallaAnd his old horse was standing out in this storm without so much as a blanket for shelter!
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanshishan · pronounpossessor of hästgamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies hästhästhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceuteoutsideute · adverbmodifies stodiini · prepositionpreposition marking oväderdettathisdenna · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of oväderoväderstormoväder · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stodutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of haatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hainfinitive marker before a verb.
hato haveha · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stodsåsoså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycken · adverbmodifies hasomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of täckeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of täcketäckeblankettäcke · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of hatillfor sheltertill · prepositionpreposition marking skyddskyddshelterskydd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies täckeHe really ought to have given his old friend a roof over his head, now that he had come to this part of the country.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gettbordeought toböra · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gettBare borde is simple past modal ("ought to"/"should"); the perfect sense ("ought to have") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth ("borde släppa taget") has no ha and translates as plain "ought to."
välreallyväl · adverbmodifies gettändåreallyändå · adverbmodifies getthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of gettgettgivenge · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of vängamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies vänvänfriendvän · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies taktakrooftak · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gettöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking huvudethuvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies taknärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommenhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to kommenkommencomekomm · noun, common genderadverbial clause on getttilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking traktendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of traktenhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase dentraktenregiontrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommen- 53
Over there at the inn, the boy heard an old clattering wall clock strike eleven.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies hördemittemotoppositemittemot · adverbmodifies gästgivargårdenpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking gästgivargårdengästgivargårdeninngästgivargård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hördehördeheardhörde · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on slåpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of väggklockagammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies väggklockaskrällandeclatteringskrällande · adjective, nominativemodifies väggklockaväggklockawall clockväggklocka · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hördeslåstrikeslå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceelvaelevenelva · numeral, nominativequantifies slagslagkindsslag · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of slå Just then he was busy freeing the cattle to lead them to the barn on the farm.
JustjustJust · adverbmodifies hölldåthendå · adverbmodifies höllhöllwas busyhålla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllpåbusypå · prepositionintroduces the clause of lösgöraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of lösgörainfinitive marker before a verb.
lösgörafreelösgöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on höllkreaturencattlekreatur · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lösgöraförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of föraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förainfinitive marker before a verb.
föraleadföra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on lösgörademthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of föratilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ladanladanbarnlada · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of föraioni · prepositionpreposition marking bondgårdenbondgårdenfarmbondgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of föraIt took quite a long time to get them woken and sorted out, but at last they were ready and filed onto the stingy farm-folk's yard in a long row, with the boy as their guide.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencerättquiterätt · adverbmodifies långlånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of togatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fågetfå · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying tiddemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of fåväcktawokenväckta · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of fåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationordnadesorted outordna · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with väcktaThe two surfaces represent different verbal uses despite the adjective label.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationäntligenfinallyäntligen · adverbmodifies vägvisarevorowerevoro · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activepart of the phrase äntligenArchaic plural past tense of vara ("to be").
detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of färdigaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
färdigareadyfärdig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with voroochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtågademarchedtåga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with färdigaininin · adverbdepends on tågadepåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking gårddetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of gårdsnålastingysnåla · adverbmodifies gårdbondfolketsthe farm-folk'sbondfolk · noun, genitive, neuter, singularpossessor of gårdgårdyardgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tågadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking radenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of radlånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies radradrowrad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tågademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tågadesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vägvisarevägvisareguidevägvisare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with tid- 54
But while the boy was busy with this, the farmer had gone around the farm and shut the hay barn, so that when the animals came filing along, the door was locked.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationunderwhileunder · prepositionintroduces the clause of styrdedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase underattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of styrdepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of styrdestyrdewas busystyr · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gåttmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of styrdehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåtthusbondenfarmerhusbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåttgåttgone aroundgå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencegårdenfarmgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåttruntaroundrunt · adverbmodifies gåttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstängtshut/closedstäng · verb, active, supinemodifies höladanhöladanhay barnhölada · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase runtsåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of kommoattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sånärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommodjurenanimalsdjur · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of kommokommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on låstkommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
tågandemarching alongtågande · adjective, nominativedirect object of kommovarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to låstdörrendoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låstlåstlockedlåsa · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on gåttMistagged as an adjective; 'låst' is the past participle of 'låsa' (to lock).
The boy stood there quite dismayed.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceståendestandingstående · adjective, nominativecomplement of blevheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies bestörtbestörtbewilderedbestöra · verb, active, supinecomplement of blevNo, he could not let the cattle stand there!
Nejnonej · interjectionhead of the phrasehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låtakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of låtaintenotinte · particlemodifies låtalåtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to Nejkreaturencattlekreatur · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of låtaståstandstå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låtadärtheredär · adverbmodifies ståHe would have to go into the house and get hold of the key.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of måstemåstemustmåste · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceininin · adverbmodifies måsteiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking husethusethousehus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of inochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskaffato getskaffa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with måsteredafind outreda · adverbdepends on skaffapart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påoutpå · prepositionpreposition marking nyckelnnyckelnkeynyckel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skaffa- 55
'Keep them quiet here while I go and fetch the key!'
Hållkeephåll · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of Hålllugnacalmlugen · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies härMistagged; 'lugna' here is the adjective plural of 'lugn' (calm).
härherehär · adverbmodifies Hållmedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gårjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on Hållochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhämtarfetcheshämta · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with gårnyckelnkeynyckel · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hämtar he said to the old horse, and with that he ran off.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking hästendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hästengamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies hästenhästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärmedwith thatdärmed · adverbmodifies sprangsprangsprangspranga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sprang- 56
In the middle of the yard he stopped to figure out how he would get into the house.
Mittpåin the middle ofMittpå · particlemodifies gårdsplanengårdsplanencourtyardgårdsplan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hejdadehejdadestoppedhejda · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hejdadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of hejdadeförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of funderaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of funderainfinitive marker before a verb.
funderathink/figure outfundera · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hejdadeutoutut · adverbdepends on funderahurhowhur · adverbmodifies kommahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of funderaininin · adverbdepends on kommaiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking husethusethousehus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of komma While he stood there, he saw a couple of small wayfarers come walking along the road and stop in front of the inn.
Medanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stodhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sågdärtheredär · adverbmodifies stodsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies vandraresmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vandrarevandrarewanderersvandrare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sågkommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of såggåendewalkinggå · adjective, nominativedirect object of kommaPresent participle gående used adjectivally/adverbially.
påalongpå · prepositionpreposition marking vägenvägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstannastaystanna · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kommaframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking gästgivargårdengästgivargårdeninngästgivargård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stanna- 57
The boy saw at once that they were two little girls, and he ran closer, for he thought he might get help from them.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies sågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of flickordetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of flickorvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to flickorettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies flickorsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies flickorflickorgirlsflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralclausal complement of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sprangsprangransprang · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sågnärmareclosernära · adverbmodifies sprangType lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära.
förforför · prepositionpreposition marking hanhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sprangattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåkanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies fåkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfågetfå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on spranghjälphelphjälp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of få - 58
'There now, Britta Maja,' said one of them, 'you mustn't cry anymore!
Selookse · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencesåthere nowså · adverbmodifies SeBrittaBrittaBritta · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeMajaMajaMaja · proper noun, nominativedepends on Brittasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Sedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of enaenaone ofena · adjective, nominativedepends on sadenunownu · adverbmodifies gråtaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gråtaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gråtaintenotinte · particlemodifies gråtagråtato crygråta · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to sadelängreanymorelänge · adverbmodifies gråta Now we're at the inn.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of ärvidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking gästgivargårdengästgivargårdeninngästgivargård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ärHere we're sure to be let in.'
Härherehär · adverbmodifies fårfårbe let infå · verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommaviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kommanogsure tonog · adverbmodifies kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceininin · adverbdepends on komma- 59
Scarcely had the girl said this before the boy called out to her: 'No, you mustn't try to get into the inn.
KnapptscarcelyKnappt · verb, active, supinemodifies hadeSame adverb 'scarcely'; mistagged as verb supine.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagtflickangirlflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadesagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencedettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sagtförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies ropadeused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropaderopadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sagttilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ropadeNejnonej · interjectionhead of the phraseniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försökasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
skawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of försökaintenotinte · particlemodifies försökaförsökato tryförsöka · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to Nejkommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försökaininin · adverbdepends on kommaiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking gästgivargårdengästgivargårdeninngästgivargård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komma It's quite impossible.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of omöjligtärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to omöjligtalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies omöjligtomöjligtimpossibleomöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseBut at this farm here they have no guests.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiati · prepositionpreposition marking bondgårdendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bondgårdenhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase denbondgårdenfarmbondgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of harharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of gästerSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
ingano/noneingen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of gästergästerguestsgäst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of harThat's where you should go.'
Dittheredit · adverbmodifies gåskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
gågogå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentence- 60
The little girls heard the words clearly, but they could not see who was speaking to them.
Detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of flickornaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
småsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies flickornaflickornagirlsflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceordenthe wordsord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördeSurface orden is the definite plural of ord, despite the singular tag.
tydligtclearlytydlig · adverbmodifies hördemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seintenotinte · particlemodifies seseseese · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with hördedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of sesomwhosom · pronounsubject of taladeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
taladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on denmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of talade But they did not wonder much at that, for it was pitch-dark night.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetaen · determiner, neuter, singularexpletive with undradeundradewonderedundra · adjective, nominative, singularhead of the phrasedetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of undradesurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
intenotinte · particlemodifies undradesåsoså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies undradepåatpå · prepositiondepends on undradeförforför · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of kolmörkvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to kolmörkjuafter allju · adverbmodifies kolmörkalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies kolmörkkolmörkpitch-darkkolmörk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularparallel clause to undradenattnightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of undradeThe bigger of the two answered at once: 'We don't want to go into that farm, for the people who live there are stingy and unkind.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of störrestörrebiggerstor · adjective, nominative, comparativesubject of svaradeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies störresvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies svaradeViwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of gåvillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåintenotinte · particlemodifies gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceininin · adverbdepends on gåiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking dendenaen · determiner, common gender, singularoblique complement of gådärtheredär · adverbmodifies gårdengårdenfarmgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to denförforför · prepositionpreposition marking dedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on gåsomwhosom · pronounsubject of borThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
borlivesbo · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on dedärtheredär · adverbmodifies borärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to snålasnålastingysnåla · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gåAll occurrences are the plural adjective 'snåla' ('stingy'), mistagged as a verb.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationelakawickedelak · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with snålaIt's their fault that the two of us have to go begging on the road.'
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of skullärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to skullderastheirde · pronounpossessor of skullpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
skullsakeskull · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseonly occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of gåtvåtwotvå · numeral, nominativequantifies vimåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of skullochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtiggabegtigga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gåpåalongpå · prepositionpreposition marking vägenvägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tigga- 61
'That may well be,' said the boy, 'but you should go there all the same.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of varakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varanogwellnog · adverbmodifies varasåsoså · adverbmodifies varavarabevara · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to varapojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
skawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sadedittheredit · adverbmodifies gåiall the samei · prepositionpreposition marking fallallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fallfallcasesfall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of gå You'll see that it goes well for you.'
Niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sesecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
skawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sefåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gårdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of sebrawellbra · adverbmodifies gårförforför · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of går- 62
'Well, we can try then, though we probably won't even be let in,' said the two little girls, and they went up to the farmhouse and knocked.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on försökaviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of försökakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of försökajuafter allju · adverbmodifies försökaförsökato tryförsöka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedåthendå · adverbmodifies försökamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sadenogprobablynog · adverbmodifies blirintenotinte · particlemodifies blirenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångevengång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies insläpptainsläpptalet ininsläppta · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of blirsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to försökadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of flickornaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
tvåtwotvå · numeral, nominativequantifies flickornasmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies flickornaflickornagirlsflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgingowentgingo · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with flickornaPast plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective.
uppupupp · adverbmodifies gingotilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking boningshusetboningshusetdwelling houseboningshus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of uppochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationknackadeknockedknacka · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with gingopåknockedpå · prepositionmodifies knackade - 63
The farmer was standing before the fire again, thinking about the horse, when he heard the knock.
Husbondenfarmerhusbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceåterigenagainåterig · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stodThis is the adverb återigen 'again', mistagged as a noun.
framförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking eldeneldenfireelde · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking hästenhästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tänktenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hördehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on stodknackningenknockknackning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hörde He went out to see what was going on, thinking to himself at the same time that he would not let himself be talked into letting in any wayfarer.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceutoutut · adverbdepends on gickförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of seatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gickeftercheckefter · prepositiondepends on sevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sesomwhatsom · pronounsubject of stodThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
stodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on vadpågoing onpå · prepositiondepends on stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking detsammadetsammathe samedensamma · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of tänkteförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of tänktesjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sigattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of låtaintenotinte · particlemodifies låtaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of låtahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låtalåtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of selockalure/temptlocka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låtasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of lockaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of släppainfinitive marker before a verb.
släppaletting insläppa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on lockaininin · adverbdepends on släppanågonanynågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vandrarevandrarewanderervandrare · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of släppaBut just as he turned the lock, a gust of wind was at hand and seized its chance.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjustjustjust · adverbmodifies somsomassom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking låsethanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase somvredturnedvred · adverbmodifies somuppupupp · adverbpart of the phrase vredlåsetlocklås · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of vindvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to vindenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vindvindwindvind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasevind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form.
tillat handtill · prepositionpreposition marking handshandsat handhand · noun, genitive, neuter, singularmodifies vindochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpassadeseized its chancepassa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vind'passade på' is an idiom meaning 'seized the opportunity'.
påopportunitypå · prepositiondepends on passadeIt tore the door out of his hand and flung it against the wall.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of revrevtorerev · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedörrendoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of revurout ofur · prepositionmodifies revhandenhandhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase urpåfrompå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of urochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with revdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of kastademotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking väggenväggenwallvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kastadeHe had to go out onto the porch to pull the door shut, and when he came back into the room, the little girls were already standing inside.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of måstemåstemustmåste · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceutoutut · adverbmodifies måstepåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking bronbronbridgebro · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of draatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of drainfinitive marker before a verb.
drapulldra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on måsteigenagainigen · adverbdepends on dradörrendoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of draochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with måstetillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies komininin · adverbdepends on komiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komstodostoodstodo · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to måstedetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of flickornaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
småsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies flickornaflickornagirlsflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of stodoredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies därinnedärinnein theredärinne · adverbmodifies stodo- 64
They were a pair of poor beggar girls, ragged and starved and dirty, two little lasses who walked bent under sacks that were as long as they were tall themselves.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tiggarflickorvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tiggarflickorettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of passive stackarsstackarspoorstackars · verb, past, indicative, passivepossessor of tiggarflickorBackbone mistags this as a verb; stackars is the indeclinable adjective 'poor/wretched'.
tiggarflickorbeggar girlstiggarflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasetrasigaraggedtrasig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with tiggarflickorochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsvultnastarvedsvultna · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with trasigaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmutsigadirtysmutsig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with svultnaettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies tösersmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tösertöserlassestöser · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with tiggarflickorsomthatsom · pronounsubject of gingoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
gingowentgingo · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on töserPast plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective.
kröktabentkrökt · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of gingounderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking påsarpåsarsackspås · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gingosomthatsom · pronounsubject of voroThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
vorowerevoro · verb, imperative, activerelative clause on påsarOld plural past tense of vara ('to be'), mistagged here as imperative.
likaequallylika · adverbmodifies långalångalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies påsarsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dedetheyde · determiner, pluralclause modifying långaThis type's own examples show 'de' used as the plain personal pronoun "they" (de voro ovanligt strävsamma = "they were unusually...") as often as the determiner "the" (de andra = "the others"); a fixed gloss of "the" mis-renders every pronoun occurrence.
självathemselvessjälv · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying de - 65
'What sort of creatures are you, out roaming so late at night?'
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phraseärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to Vadniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Vadsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
försort offör · prepositionmodifies ärenasortena · adjective, nominativepart of the phrase försomwhosom · pronounsubject of ärThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to Vaduteoutsideute · adverbmodifies ärochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdriverroamingdriva · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with ärsåsoså · adverbmodifies sentsentlatesen · adverbmodifies driverpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking nattennattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of driver said the farmer unkindly.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehusbondenfarmerhusbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeovänligtunkindlyovänlig · adverbmodifies sade- 66
The two children did not answer at once, but first set down their sacks.
Detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of barnenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
tvåtwotvå · numeral, nominativequantifies barnenbarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of svaradesvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies svaradegenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies svaradeutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
ställdeset downställa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with svaradeförstfirstförst · adverbmodifies ställdefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of ställdesinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of påsarpåsarsackspås · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of ställde Then they went up to him and held out their little hands in greeting.
DärpåthenDärpå · noun, genitive, common gender, singulardeterminer of degingowentgingo · adjective, nominative, singularpart of the phrase DärpåPast plural of 'gå' (to go/walk); mistagged as an adjective. Lemma should be 'gå'.
detheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of emotsurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
emotup toemot · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsträcktestretchedsträckte · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencePast tense of the verb 'sträcka' (to stretch); mistagged as a supine.
framforwardfram · adverbdepends on sträcktesinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of händersmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies händerhänderhappenshända · verb, present, indicative, activedirect object of sträcktetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking hälsninghälsninggreetinghälsning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of händer'We are Anna and Britta Maja from Engärdet,' said the eldest, 'and we'd like to ask for a night's lodging.'
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of Annaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to AnnaAnnaAnnaAnna · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationBrittaBrittaBritta · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with AnnaMajaMajaMaja · proper noun, nominativedepends on Brittafrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking EngärdetEngärdetEngärdetEngärd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of Annasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of äldstaäldstaoldestgammal · adjective, nominative, superlativesubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of beskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bebeto askbe · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sadeomforom · prepositionpreposition marking natthärbärgenatthärbärgenight's lodgingnatthärbärge · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of be- 67
He did not take the outstretched hands and was just about to drive out the beggar brats, when a new memory rose up in him.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies togemotacceptemot · prepositiondepends on togdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of händernaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
framsträcktaoutstretchedframsträckt · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies händernahändernathe handshänderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of togochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarwasvara · adverbcopula linking to färdigThis is the past tense "var" of vara ("to be"), not an adverb; the parser mistagged it.
justjustjust · adverbmodifies färdigfärdigreadyfärdig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with togatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of körainfinitive marker before a verb.
körato driveköra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on färdigutoutut · adverbdepends on köratiggarungarnathe beggar bratstiggarungarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of köradåwhendå · adverbintroduces the clause of stegettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of minnenyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies minneminnememoryminne · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of stegstegrose upsteg · verb, imperative, activecoordinated with färdigThe backbone tags this as imperative, but every example is past tense of stiga (to step/rise), not an imperative.
uppupupp · adverbdepends on stegförbeforeför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of steg Engärdet — wasn't that a little cottage where a poor widow had lived with her five children?
EngärdetEngärdetEngärdet · noun, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on stugavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to stugadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with stugaintenotinte · particlemodifies stugaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stugalitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stugastugacottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasedärtheredär · adverbmodifies bottenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of änkafattigpoorfattig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies änkaänkawidowänka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of botthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bottbottlivedbott · verb, active, supinein apposition to stugamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking barnsinahersig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of barnfemfivefem · numeral, nominativequantifies barnbarnchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of bottBut the widow had been in debt to his father for a few hundred kronor, and to collect his claim, his father had had her cottage sold.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationänkanwidowänka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ståtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ståttståttstoodstå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceiini · prepositiondepends on ståttskulddebtskuld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase ihoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking farhanshishan · pronounpossessor of farfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ståttförforför · prepositionpreposition marking kronornågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of hundrahundrahundredhundra · numeral, nominativequantifies kronorkronorkronorkrona · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of ståttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of fåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fåcollectfå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on låtitutcollectut · adverbdepends on fåsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of fordranfordranhis claimfordran · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of låtitfadernfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låtitlåtitletlåta · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of säljasäljato sellsälja · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with ståtthennesherhon · pronounpossessor of stugapossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
stugacottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of säljaAfterward the widow had gone up to Norrland with the older children to look for work, but the two youngest had become wards of the parish.
Sedanthensedan · adverbmodifies farithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of faritänkanwidowänka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of faritfarittraveledfara · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceuppupupp · adverbdepends on farittilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking NorrlandNorrlandNorrlandNorrland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of faritRegion of northern Sweden.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking barnendetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of barnenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
äldstaoldestgammal · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies barnenbarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of faritförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of sökaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sökainfinitive marker before a verb.
sökasearchsöka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on faritarbeteworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sökamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of yngstaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
tvåtwotvå · numeral, nominativequantifies yngstayngstayoungestyngsta · adjective, nominative, superlativesubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinecoordinated with faritpåon parish reliefpå · prepositionpreposition marking socknensocknenparishsockn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommit- 68
He grew bitter at heart when he recalled this.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebitterbitterbitt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcomplement of blevtillat hearttill · prepositionpreposition marking sinnessinnesat heartsinnes · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of blevOccurs in the fixed idiom 'till sinnes' (at heart); mistagged as a proper noun.
närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of påmindehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of påmindepåminderecalledpåminde · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blevsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of påmindedettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of påminde He knew that Father had been much blamed for having called in that money, which was, after all, rightfully his.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivitfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineclausal complement of visstemycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies klandradklandradblamedklandrad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of krävtattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase förhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of krävthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of krävtkrävtcalled inkräva · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on blivitutcall inut · adverbdepends on krävtdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of krävtdärtheredär · adverbmodifies pengarnapengarnamoneypengar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of krävtsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of egendomThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ändåafter alländå · adverbmodifies vorovorowerevoro · verb, past, indicative, activemodifies egendomhanshishan · pronounpossessor of egendomrättarighträtt · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies egendomegendomestateegendom · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on pengarna- 69
'What have you been up to lately?'
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of harharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
förup toför · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of nununownu · adverbmodifies tidenförnowadaysför · prepositionpreposition marking tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of har he said to the children in a stern tone.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking strängsträngsternsträng · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tontagged as a noun but every occurrence is the adjective 'sträng' (stern/strict/severe).
tontoneton · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of sadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking barnenbarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies ton'Hasn't the poor relief taken care of you?
Harhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tagitintenotinte · particlemodifies Harfattigvårdenthe poor relieffattigvårde · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of tagittagittakenta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencehandhandhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on tagitomofom · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of tagitWhy are you roaming about begging?'
Varförwhyvarför · adverbmodifies strykerstrykerroamingstryka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of strykersecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
omkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies strykerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtiggerbegtigga · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with stryker- 70
'It's not our fault,' answered the bigger girl.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of felärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to felintenotinte · particlemodifies felvårtourvi · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of felThis is 'vårt' (our, neuter), not the pronoun 'vi' (we); mismatched lemma.
felfaultfel · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to feldenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of flickanstörrebiggerstor · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies flickanflickangirlflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svarade 'It's the people we're staying with who have sent us out to beg.'
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with folketärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to folketdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of folketfolketpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesomwhosom · pronoundirect object of ärThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on folkethoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking ärsomwhosom · pronounsubject of skickatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of skickatskickatsentskickaa · verb, active, supinedepends on folketutoutut · adverbdepends on skickatossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of skickatförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of tiggaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tiggainfinitive marker before a verb.
tiggabegtigga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skickat- 71
'Well, you've gotten your sacks full,' said the farmer, 'you can't complain.
Nåjawell nowNåja · adverbhead of the phraseniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåttsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttjuafter allju · adverbmodifies fåttfåttgottenfå · verb, active, supineparallel clause to Nåjapåsarnathe sackspåsarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of fåttfullafullfull · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fåttsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fåttbondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadelemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of klagasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
kancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of klagaintenotinte · particlemodifies klagaklagato complainklaga · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to sade Now the best thing is for you to take out what you've got with you and eat your fill, for here you'll get no food.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ärbästbestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies ärattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tarniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tarsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
tartakesta · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on ärframforwardfram · adverbdepends on taravsome ofav · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of tarsomwhatsom · pronoundirect object of harThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
harhasha · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on detmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of harochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationätereatäta · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fåeryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of ätermättayour fillmätta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of äterförforför · prepositionmodifies äterhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase förkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
ingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of matmatfoodmat · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fåfågetfå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with harAll the womenfolk have already gone to bed.
Allaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of kvinnfolkenkvinnfolkenwomenfolkkvinnfolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of gåttharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies gåttgåttgonegå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlagtgone to bedlaga · verb, active, supinecoordinated with gåttch35-p49-s1 'lagt märke till' is the idiom "noticed," not literal "laid."
sigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of lagtThen you can lie down in the corner by the hearth, so you won't have to freeze.'
Senthensen · adverbmodifies läggakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lägganiyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of läggasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
läggato lay/putlägga · verb, active, infinitivedepends on frysaeryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of läggaObject form er of the plural/formal pronoun ni.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking vrånvrånthe cornervrån · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of läggavidbyvid · prepositionpreposition marking spisenspisenhearthspis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of läggasåsoså · adverbadverbial clause on frysabehöverneedbehöva · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of frysaniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frysasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
intenotinte · particlemodifies frysafrysafreezefrysa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentence- 72
He waved his hand as if to wave them away, and his eyes took on an almost hard expression.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slogslogwavedslå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
utwaveut · adverbdepends on slogmedwithmed · prepositiondepends on sloghandenhandhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase medliksomas ifliksom · prepositionoblique complement of slogförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of visaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of visainfinitive marker before a verb.
visato showvisa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on slogdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of visafrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of visaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanshishan · pronounpossessor of ögonögoneyesögon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of fingofingogotfingo · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with slogArchaic plural past tense of 'få' (to get/receive), mislabeled as a noun.
ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of uttrycknästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies hårthårthardhård · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies uttryckuttryckexpressionuttryck · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fingo He surely ought to be glad that he had had a father who had been careful with his property.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gladmåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gladjusurelyju · adverbmodifies gladvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to gladgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hafthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hafthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on gladenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of farfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haftsomwhosom · pronounsubject of nogaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of nogavaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to noganogacarefullynoga · adverbrelative clause on faromwithom · prepositionpreposition marking egendomsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of egendomegendomestateegendom · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nogaOtherwise he himself might have had to run about with a beggar's sack in his own childhood, just like these two.
Annarsotherwiseannars · adverbmodifies kanskekanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies fåtthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåttsjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying haniini · prepositionpreposition marking barndomsinhis ownsig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of barndombarndomchildhoodbarndom · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttfåtthad tofå · auxiliary verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentence"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
löparunlöpa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fåttomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies löpamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking tiggarpåsentiggarpåsenthe beggar's sacktiggarpås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of löpapåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of löpasomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dessadessathesedenna · pronoun, pluralclause modifying sätt- 73
He had scarcely finished the thought before the shrill, mocking voice that he had heard once already that evening repeated it word for word.
KnapptscarcelyKnappt · auxiliary verb, active, supinemodifies tänktFunctions as the adverb 'scarcely/hardly' (knappt) opening 'knappt hade...förrän' constructions, not as a verb.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänkthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkttänktthoughttänka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceutfinishut · adverbdepends on tänkttankenthoughttanke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tänktförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies gällaused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
denaen · determiner, common gender, singularintroduces the clause of gällagällashrillgälla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tänktochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgäckandemockinggäcka · adjective, nominativecoordinated with gällaröstenvoiceröst · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gällasomthatsom · pronoundirect object of hörtThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörthörtheardhöra · verb, active, supinerelative clause on röstenförutbeforeförut · adverbmodifies hörtenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hörtithis eveningi · prepositionpreposition marking kvällkvälleveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gångupprepaderepeatedupprepa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tänktdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ordordwordord · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of upprepadeförforför · prepositionpreposition marking ordordwordord · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of upprepade He listened and understood at once that it was nothing: only the wind carrying on in the chimney.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lyssnadelyssnadelistenedlyssna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförstodunderstoodförstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lyssnadegenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies förstodattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on lyssnadebarajustbara · adverbmodifies vindenvindenwindvind · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lyssnadevind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form.
somthatsom · pronounsubject of passive väsnadesThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
väsnadesmade a racketväsnaa · verb, past, indicative, passiverelative clause on vindeniini · prepositionpreposition marking skorstenenskorstenenchimneyskorsten · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of väsnadesBut the strange thing was that when the wind repeated his thoughts like that, they seemed to him so oddly foolish and hard and false.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with märkvärdigavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to märkvärdigadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of märkvärdigamärkvärdigathe strange thingmärkvärdig · adjective, nominative, singularhead of the phraseused substantively as 'det märkvärdiga' (the remarkable/strange thing).
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of upprepadenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of upprepadevindenwindvind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of upprepadevind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form.
sålike thatså · adverbmodifies upprepadedärtheredär · adverbmodifies upprepadeupprepaderepeatedupprepa · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on märkvärdigahanshishan · pronounpossessor of tankartankarthoughtstank · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of upprepadesyntesseemedsyntes · verb, past, indicativeparallel clause to märkvärdigadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of synteshonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of syntessåsoså · adverbmodifies underligtunderligtstrangelyunderlig · adverbmodifies dummadummafoolishdum · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of syntesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhårdahardhård · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with dummaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfalskafalsefalsk · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with dumma- 74
The children, meanwhile, had stretched themselves out side by side on the hard floor.
Barnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sträckthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sträcktemellertidhoweveremellertid · adverbmodifies sträcktsträcktstretchedsträcka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencech19-p39-s1 'hade sträckt fram och åter över sjön' = 'had flown back and forth over the lake' (bird-flight idiom), distinct from the physical-stretching sense in the other examples.
utoutut · adverbdepends on sträcktsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sträcktsidasidesida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sträcktvidbyvid · prepositionmodifies sträcktsidasidesida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase vidpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking golvethårdahardhård · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies golvetgolvetfloorgolv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sträckt They were not quiet, but lay there murmuring.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of voroSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
intenotinte · particlemodifies tystatystaquiettyst · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with voroutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionpreposition marking lågofollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
lågolaylågo · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with voromistagged as a noun; this is the archaic plural past tense of ligga 'to lie' (they lay).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmumlademurmuredmumla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with voro- 75
'Will you just be quiet!'
VillwillVill · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tystaniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tystasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
barajustbara · adverbmodifies tystavarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to tystatystaquiettyst · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrase he said.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeHe was in such an irritable temper that he could have struck them.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lynnevarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to lynnevidinvid · prepositionpreposition marking lynnesåsuchså · adverbmodifies retligtretligtirritableretlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies lynnelynnemoodlynne · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slåhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slåskullecouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slåhahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of slåkunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of slåslåstrikeslå · verb, active, infinitivedepends on lynnedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of slå- 76
But the murmuring went on regardless, and he called out to them once more to hold their tongues.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase Mendärtheredär · adverbmodifies oaktatmumlandetmurmuringmumlande · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of oaktatfortforwent on/continuedfortfor · numeral, nominativecopula linking to oaktatPast tense of 'fortfara' (to continue); mistagged as a numeral.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularcopula linking to oaktatoaktatdespiteoakta · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularrelative clause on detArchaic form 'oaktat' functions as a preposition/conjunction meaning 'notwithstanding/despite'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropaderopadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking gångenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ropadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of ropadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skulledetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of skulleskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeclause modifying demtigato be silenttig · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of skulleInfinitive of tiga (to keep silent), mistagged as an adjective.
- 77
'When mother went away from me,' a small clear voice answered then, 'she made me promise that every evening I would say my evening prayer.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gickmormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on svaradebortawaybort · adverbdepends on gickifrånfromifrån · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gicksvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedåthendå · adverbmodifies svaradeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of röstlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies röstklarclearklar · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies röströstvoiceröst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svaradetogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with svaradehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of toglöftepromiselöfte · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of togavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of togattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of läsajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of läsavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies läsakvälleveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase varskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of läsaläsato readläsa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of togminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of aftonbönpossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
aftonbönevening prayeraftonbön · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of läsa And I must do it, and Britta Maja too.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of göramåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of görajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of göragöradogöra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationBrittaBrittaBritta · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with göraMajaMajaMaja · proper noun, nominativedepends on Brittaocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies göraAs soon as we've said ‘God, who holds the children dear’, it will be quiet.'
Barajustbara · adverbmodifies fåttviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fåttharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttfåttsaidfå · auxiliary verb, active, supineadverbial clause on bli"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
läsato readläsa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fåttGudGodGud · proper noun, nominativedirect object of läsasomwhosom · pronounsubject of haverThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
haverholdshava · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on Gudbarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of haverkärdearkär · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haverskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of blidetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of bliblito becomebli · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencetystquiettyst · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bli- 78
The farmer sat perfectly still and heard the little ones say their prayer.
Husbondenfarmerhusbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencealldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies stillastillastillstilla · adverbmodifies sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattdetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of småsurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
småsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of hördeläsato readläsa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of hördesintheirsig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of bönbönprayerbön · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of läsa Then he began to walk with long strides back and forth, back and forth, and all the while he wrung his hands, as though he had fallen into great anguish.
DärpåthenDärpå · adverbdirect object of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadegågogå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking steglångalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stegstegstepssteg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of gåframforwardfram · adverbmodifies gåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtillbakabacktillbaka · adverbcoordinated with framframforwardfram · adverbmodifies gåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtillbakabacktillbaka · adverbcoordinated with framochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationunderall the whileunder · prepositionpreposition marking tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of händernavredwrung/twistedvred · adjective, nominativepreposition marking hanPast tense of the verb 'vrida' (to wring/twist), mistagged as an adjective.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tidenhändernathe handshänderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with börjadesomas thoughsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of råkatomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of råkathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkatråkatfallen intoråka · verb, active, supinerelative clause on händernaiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking ångeststorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ångestångestanguishångest · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of råkat- 79
The horse driven out and ruined, and these two children turned into wandering beggars!
Hästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies utkördutkörddriven oututköra · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfördärvadruinedfördärvad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with utkördochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheseen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of barnenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
härherehär · adverbpart of the phrase detvåtwotvå · numeral, nominativequantifies barnenbarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of gjordagjordaturnedgjorda · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with utkördtillintotill · prepositionpreposition marking tiggarekringdrivandewanderingkringdriva · adjective, nominativemodifies tiggaretiggarebeggarstiggare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gjorda And both things his father's doing!
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbådabothbåda · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies delarnadelarnapartsdel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of verkfarsfather'sfar · noun, genitive, common gender, singularmodifies verkverkdoingverk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasethe idiom i (själva) verket means 'in fact/actually', not literal 'work'.
Perhaps, after all, Father had not been so right in what he did.
Farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of haftkanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies hadeändåafter alländå · adverbmodifies haftintenotinte · particlemodifies hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies rätträttrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haftiini · prepositionpreposition marking vadvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of gjordehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on haft- 80
He sat down on a chair and leaned his head in his hands.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattesattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sattenerdownner · adverbmodifies sattepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking stolenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stolstolchairstol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of satteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlutadeleanedluta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattehuvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of lutadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking händernahändernathe handshänderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of lutade Suddenly his face began to tremble and quiver, and tears came to his eyes, which he hastened to wipe away.
PlötsligensuddenlyPlötsligen · adverbmodifies börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanshishan · pronounpossessor of ansikteansiktefaceansikte · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of börjadedarratrembledarra · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of börjadeinfinitive of the verb darra (to tremble), mistagged as a noun.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskälvatrembleskälva · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with darraInfinitive 'to tremble', despite the noun tag.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickgotfå · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with börjadetårartearståra · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of fickiini · prepositionpreposition marking ögonenögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of tårarsomwhichsom · pronounoblique complement of skyndadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skyndadeskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on tårarsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of skyndadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of torkainfinitive marker before a verb.
torkadrytorka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skyndadebortawaybort · adverbdepends on torkaNew tears came, and he was just as quick to get rid of them, but it did no good.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenyanewny · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tårartårartearståer · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with komlikaequallylika · adverbmodifies bråttbråttin a hurrybrå · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fåwipe awayfå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hadebortawaybort · adverbdepends on fådemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of fåmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of hjälptehjälptehelpedhjälpa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with komintenotinte · particlemodifies hjälpteMore followed after.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceflermorefler · pronoun, pluralsubject of komefterafterefter · prepositiondepends on kom- 81
Now his mother opened the door from the little chamber, and he hurried to swing his chair around so that he turned his back to her.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies öppnadeöppnadeopenedöppna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanshishan · pronounpossessor of mormormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of öppnadedörrendoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of öppnadefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking lillkammarenlillkammarenlittle chamberlillkammare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of öppnadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skyndadeskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with öppnadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of skyndadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of svängainfinitive marker before a verb.
svängato swingsvänga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skyndadestolenchairstol · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of svängasåsoså · adverbmodifies svängaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vändehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändevändeturnedväna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on skyndadePast tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända.
ryggenbackrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of vändeåttoåt · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vände But she must have noticed something unusual all the same, for she stood a long while still behind him, as though she had been waiting for him to say something to her.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märktmåttemustmåtte · adverbmodifies märktModal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means "must"; the perfect sense ("must have") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain "must."
ändåall the sameändå · adverbmodifies märkthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of märktmärktnoticedmärka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencenågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies ovanligtovanligtunusualovanlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies märktförforför · prepositionpreposition marking honhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with märktenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundlånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstillastillstilla · adverbmodifies stodbakombehindbakom · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stillasomassom · pronounsubject of väntatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of väntathonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väntatväntatbeen waitingväntaa · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on stodSupine of 'vänta': 'väntat' = 'expected' in most tokens but 'väntat på svar' = 'had been waiting for an answer' — genuinely polysemous (expect vs. wait).
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sägahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivedepends on stodnågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sägatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies någotThen she thought about how hard men always find it to bring themselves to speak of what touches them most deeply.
Såthenså · adverbmodifies tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktepåonpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of hahurhowhur · adverbmodifies svårtsvårtdifficultsvår · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies karlarnakarlarnathe menkarlarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of haalltidalwaysalltid · adverbmodifies hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tänkteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of hasigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kommaförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of talaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of talainfinitive marker before a verb.
talato speaktala · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kommaomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking sådantsådantsuch a thingsån · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of talasomthatsom · pronounsubject of gårThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
gårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on sådantdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of gårdjupastmost deeplydjupas · adverbmodifies gårtillat hearttill · prepositionpreposition marking sinnessinnesto heartsinnes · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of gårOccurs in the fixed idiom 'till sinnes' (at heart); mistagged as a proper noun.
She had better help him along, then.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hjälpafickhad betterfå · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hjälpavälhad betterväl · adverbmodifies hjälpahjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälpa- 82
She had seen from the little chamber how everything had happened in the room, so that she needed to ask nothing.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking lillkammarenlillkammarenlittle chamberlillkammare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of setthurhowhur · adverbmodifies gåttallteverythingall · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåtthappenedgå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on setttillhappenedtill · prepositiondepends on gåttiini · prepositionpreposition marking stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåttsåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of behövdeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of behövdebehövdeneededbehövde · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gåttingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of frågafrågaquestionfråga · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of behövde She simply went quite quietly up to the two sleeping children, lifted them up, and carried them into her own bed in the little chamber.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebarajustbara · adverbmodifies gickheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies stillastillastillstilla · adverbmodifies framframforwardfram · adverbmodifies gicktilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking barnendetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of barnenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
tvåtwotvå · numeral, nominativequantifies barnensovandesleepingsovande · adjective, nominativemodifies barnenbarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of gicklyfteliftedlyfa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickuppupupp · adverbdepends on lyftedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of lyfteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbarcarriedbara · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with lyfteLemma tag is odd; surface 'bar' is the past tense of bära, 'to carry', also used idiomatically in 'det bar av' = 'off they went'.
demthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of barininin · adverbdepends on bariintoi · prepositionpreposition marking sängsinher ownsig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of sängegenownegen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sängsängbedsäng · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bariini · prepositionpreposition marking lillkammarenlillkammarenlittle chamberlillkammare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sängThen she went out to her son again.
Sedanthensedan · adverbmodifies gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickutoutut · adverbdepends on gicktilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking sonensonensonson · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utigenagainigen · adverbmodifies gick- 83
'Lars,' she said, without letting on that she saw he was crying, 'you must let me have these children.'
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies LarsLarsLarsLars · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on låtahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of låtsaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of låtsainfinitive marker before a verb.
låtsaletting onlåtsa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sadeomlet onom · prepositiondepends on låtsaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of såghonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of sadepast tense of se, 'to see.'
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gräthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of grätgrätwas cryinggrät · proper noun, nominativeclausal complement of sadeduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låtaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of låtaalltmustallt · adverbmodifies låtalåtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of låtafåhavefå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låtadetheseen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of barnenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
härherehär · adverbpart of the phrase debarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of få 'What, mother?'
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phrasemormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Vadhe said, trying to check his tears.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförsöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadehejdato stophejda · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försöktegråtenweepinggråt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hejda'They've weighed on my mind for years now, ever since Father took the cottage from their mother.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haftharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceontweighed on meont · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of haftavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of haftifori · prepositionpreposition marking årfleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies åråryearsår · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of haftalltallall · adverbmodifies togsedanthensedan · adverbpart of the phrase alltfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase allttogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on haftstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of togifrånfromifrån · prepositionpreposition marking morderastheirde · pronounpossessor of morpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
mormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of togAnd it's weighed on yours too.'
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of haftharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of haftduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haftocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentence'Yes, but...'
Jayesja · interjectionhead of the phrasemenbutmen · conjunctionpart of the phrase Ja'I want to keep them here and make good people of them.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of havillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of hakvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on hahärherehär · adverbmodifies haochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgöramakegöra · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with habragoodbra · adjective, nominativemodifies människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of göraavofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of göraThey're too good to go about begging.'
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of godaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to godaförtooför · prepositionmodifies godagodagoodgod · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gåinfinitive marker before a verb.
gågogå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on godaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtiggabegtigga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gå- 84
He could answer nothing, for the tears came without check, but he took his mother's old, withered hand and patted it.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svarakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of svaraingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of svarasvarato answersvara · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceförforför · prepositionpreposition marking tårarnatårarnatearstår · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kommoSame surface covers two distinct nouns: 'tår' (tear) and 'tå'/'tår' (talon/toe, plural); occurrences disambiguated by context.
kommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to svarakommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking fartohejdbaruncheckedohejdbar · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fartfartspeedfart · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommomenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with svarasinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singulardepends on togmorsmother'smor · pronoun, pluralpossessor of gamlagamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies vissnavissnawitheredvissna · adjective, nominative, singularcomplement of toghandhandhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on togochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationklappadepattedklappa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with togdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of klappade - 85
But then he started up, as if he had been frightened by something.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbintroduces the clause of blivitforstartedfor · prepositionpart of the phrase såPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase såuppupupp · adverbpart of the phrase såsomassom · pronounintroduces the clause of blivitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivitskullehadskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivithahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · auxiliary verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceskrämdfrightenedskrämd · verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominativecomplement of blivitförbyför · prepositionpreposition marking någotnågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of skrämd 'What would Father say about this?'
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sägaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägafarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of säga'Father has had his time to rule,' said his mother, 'now it's yours.
Farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haftharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haftatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of styrainfinitive marker before a verb.
styrato rulestyra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on haftsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with haftmodernmothermodern · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadenunownu · adverbmodifies dinärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to dindetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of dindinyourdu · pronoun, common gender, singulardepends on sadeAs long as Father lived, one had to obey him.
Såasså · adverbmodifies farlängeas long aslänge · adverbpart of the phrase Såfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of levdelevdelivedleva · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lydamanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lydalydato obeylyda · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with levdehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lydaNow it's you who must show yourself for what you are.'
Nunownu · adverbmodifies ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ärduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärsomthatsom · pronounsubject of visaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
skawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of visavisato showvisa · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on dudigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of visasådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of visasån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
somassom · pronoundirect object of ärThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on duThe son was so astonished at these words that he stopped crying.
Sonenthe sonSonen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies förvånadförvånadastonishedförvåna · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevöveratöver · prepositionpreposition marking orddessathesedenna · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ordordwordsord · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of blevattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of upphördehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of upphördeupphördeceased/endedupphörde · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blevatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gråtainfinitive marker before a verb.
gråtato crygråta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on upphörde'I do show myself for what I am,' he said.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visarvisarshowsvisa · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of visarvälindeedväl · adverbmodifies visarsådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of visarsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
somassom · pronoundirect object of ärThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of visarsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to visarhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade'No,' said his mother, 'you don't.
Nejnonej · interjectionhead of the phrasesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Nejhanshishan · pronounpossessor of mormormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of görgördoesgöra · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to Nejduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of görintenotinte · particlemodifies görYou only try to be like Father.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försökerbarajustbara · adverbmodifies försökerförsökertriesförsöka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceliknaresemblelikna · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försökerfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of liknaFather had lived through hard times, and that had made him afraid of becoming poor.
Farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositiondepends on varitithroughi · prepositionpreposition marking tiderhårdahardhård · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tidertidertimestid · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of varitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gjorthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjortgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supinecoordinated with varithonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of gjorträddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of gjortförofför · prepositionintroduces the clause of bliatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bliinfinitive marker before a verb.
blibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on räddfattigpoorfattig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bliHe felt he was bound, first and foremost, to think of himself.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tvungenhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tvungenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tvungentvungenobligedtvung · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of tyckteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tänkainfinitive marker before a verb.
förstfirstförst · adverbmodifies tänkaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfrämstfirst of allfrämst · adverbmodifies tänkatänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tvungenpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of tänkasjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sigBut you have never been through anything hard enough to make you hard.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositiondepends on varitomthroughom · prepositionpreposition marking svårtnågotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of svårtsvårtdifficultsvår · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on varitsomthatsom · pronounsubject of göraThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of görakunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of göragöramakegöra · verb, active, infinitivedepends on svårtdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of görahårdhardhård · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of göraYou have more than you need, and it would surely be unnatural if you did not think of others.'
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemermoremycket · adverbmodifies haränthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of behöverduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of behöverbehöverneedsbehöva · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on harochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies onaturligtvorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to onaturligtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with onaturligtvälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies onaturligtonaturligtunnaturalonaturlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with haromifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tänkaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkaintenotinte · particlemodifies tänkaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänkatänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on onaturligtpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking andraandraothersannan · pronoun, pluraloblique complement of tänka- 86
When the little girls had come into the house, the boy had crept in after them, and had then kept himself hidden in a dark corner.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommitdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of flickornaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
småsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies flickornaflickornagirlsflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hadeininin · adverbdepends on kommitiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking husethusethousehus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommithadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of smugitpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of smugitsmugitcreptsmuga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of smugitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsedanthensedan · adverbmodifies hållithadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hållithållitkepthålla · verb, active, supinecoordinated with smugitSurface "hållit" spans several idioms in this book: literal "held" (hållit trogen vakt = kept faithful watch), "hållit ut" (held out/endured), "hållit på" (had been -ing, continuous aspect), and "hållit sig" (stayed/remained). A single fixed gloss of "held" misrenders the hållit på / hållit sig examples.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of hållitdoldhiddendold · verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominativecomplement of hållitiini · prepositionpreposition marking vråenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vråmörkdarkmörk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vråvråcornervrå · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of dold It had not been long before he caught sight of the barn key sticking up out of the farmer's coat pocket.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with dröjthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of dröjtintenotinte · particlemodifies dröjtdröjtlingereddröjt · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencelängelonglänge · adverbmodifies dröjtförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies seused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sefåttcaught sightfå · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of se"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on dröjtladunyckelnthe barn keyladunyckel · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sesomthatsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of rockfickastackstickingstack · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase somThis is actually the past tense of the verb stinga 'to stick/poke', mistagged as a noun.
uppupupp · adverbmodifies stackurout ofur · prepositionpart of the phrase uppbondensthe farmer'sbond · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of rockfickarockfickacoat pocketrockficka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying ladunyckeln'When the farmer drives the children out, I'll take the key and run,' he had thought.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of körhusbondenfarmerhusbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of körkördrivesköra · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on tarutoutut · adverbdepends on körbarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of körsåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on tartartakesta · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tänktjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tarnyckelnkeynyckel · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationspringerrunsspringa · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with tarhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänkthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkttänktthoughttänka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentence- 87
But then the children were not driven out after all, and the boy sat on in his corner, unable to make out what he should do.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies blevoblevobecameblevo · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencelemma should be bli 'to become'; blevo is the archaic plural past tense (they became).
intenotinte · particlemodifies blevobarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of passive utdrivnautdrivnadriven oututdrivna · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of blevoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blevokvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on sattiini · prepositionpreposition marking vrånvrånthe cornervrån · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of begripaintenotinte · particlemodifies begripabegripaunderstandbegripa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sattvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of tahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of taskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of begripasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tatilltotill · prepositiondepends on ta - 88
His mother talked for a long time with her son, and while she talked, his weeping quieted, and at last he sat there with such a beautiful expression on his face that he looked like a different person.
Modernhis motherModern · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of taladetaladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencelängefor a long timelänge · adverbmodifies talademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sonsinhersig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of sonsonsonson · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of taladeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of taladehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of taladetaladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on stilladesstilladesquietedstillades · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with taladehanshishan · pronounpossessor of gråtgråtweepinggråt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of stilladesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies sattsistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase tillsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with taladehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking uttryckettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of uttrycksåsuchså · adverbmodifies vackertvackertbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies uttryckuttryckexpressionuttryck · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sattioni · prepositionpreposition marking ansiktetansiktetthe faceansikt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies uttryckochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattpast tense of se, 'to see.'
utlookut · adverbdepends on sågsomlikesom · prepositionpreposition marking människaFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of människaannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies människamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of såg He kept patting her old, withered hand all the while.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of vissnagamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularpart of the phrase Denvissnawitheredvissna · adjective, nominative, singularadverbial clause on klappadehandenhandhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vissnaklappadepattedklappa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of klappadealltjämtstillalltjämt · adverbmodifies klappade- 89
'Well, I suppose we'd better go to bed now,' said the old woman, when she saw that he had grown calm again.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on gånunownu · adverbmodifies gåfårhad betterfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of gåvälsupposeväl · adverbmodifies gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationläggato lay/putlägga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gåossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of läggasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to gågummanold womangumma · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of såghonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sadepast tense of se, 'to see.'
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineclausal complement of sadelugncalmlugn · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitigenagainigen · adverbdepends on blivit 'No,' he said, rising quickly, 'I can't go to bed yet.
Nejnonej · interjectionhead of the phrasesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Nejhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationresteroseresa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of restehastigtquicklyhastig · adverbmodifies restejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of läggakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of läggaintenotinte · particlemodifies läggaläggato lay/putlägga · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to sademigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of läggaänthanän · subordinating conjunctionmodifies läggaThere's one more stranger I must give lodging to tonight.'
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of enärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to enenaen · determiner, common gender, singularhead of the phrasetillmoretill · prepositionpreposition marking främmandefrämmandestrangefrämmande · adjective, nominativeoblique complement of ensomwhomsom · pronoundirect object of fårThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fårfårmustfå · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on främmandelovmustlov · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fåratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of geinfinitive marker before a verb.
geto givege · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fårhusrumlodginghusrum · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of geitonighti · prepositionmodifies genattnightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase i- 90
He said no more, but quickly threw on his coat, lit a lantern, and went out.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesadesaidsa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies sademermoremycket · adverbmodifies sademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kastadekastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadehastigtquicklyhastig · adverbmodifies kastadepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of kastaderockencoatrock · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kastadetändelittäna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with rockenenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lyktalyktalanternlykta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with rockenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kastadeutoutut · adverbdepends on gick It was the same wind and cold outside, but when he came out onto the porch, he began to hum a little tune.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of blåstvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to blåstsammathe samesamma · determinersubject of blåstblåstwindblåsa · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceAll four examples use 'blåst' as the noun meaning 'wind/gale' (efter all blåst, med blåst och duggregn, storm och blåst, samma blåst och köld), not as the supine of the verb blåsa ('has blown'); the type record conflates the homograph. Default gloss corrected to the attested noun sense.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationköldcoldköld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with blåstuteoutsideute · adverbmodifies blåstmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blåstpåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking förstubronförstubronthe porchförstubron · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of kombörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blåsthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadesmåsjungahum softlysmåsjung · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadeHe wondered whether the horse would recognize him, whether he would be glad to come back into his old stable.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undradeundradewonderedundra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kännahästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kännaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kännakännato feelkänna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on undradeigenagainigen · adverbdepends on kännahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of kännaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tyckahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tyckatyckato thinktycka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kännaomlikeom · prepositionintroduces the clause of kommaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tyckaininin · adverbdepends on kommaiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking stallsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of stallpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
gamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies stallstallstablestall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of komma- 91
As he walked across the yard, he heard a door banging and slamming in the wind.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gickhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hördeöveracrossöver · prepositionpreposition marking gårdsplanengårdsplanencourtyardgårdsplan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickhördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slogenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dörrdörrdoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slogslogbangedslå · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of hördeLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmälldeclappedsmälla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with slogförinför · prepositionpreposition marking vindenvindenwindvind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of smälldevind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form.
'That's the barn door blown open again,' he thought, and went to shut it.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with denärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to dendeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularhead of the phrasedärtheredär · adverbmodifies denlad-dörrenthe barn doorlad-dörre · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of densomthatsom · pronounsubject of blåstThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of blåstblåstblownblåsa · verb, active, supinerelative clause on lad-dörrenAll four examples use 'blåst' as the noun meaning 'wind/gale' (efter all blåst, med blåst och duggregn, storm och blåst, samma blåst och köld), not as the supine of the verb blåsa ('has blown'); the type record conflates the homograph. Default gloss corrected to the attested noun sense.
oppupopp · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on blåstmistagged as a verb; this is the dialectal/colloquial adverb opp, a variant of upp 'up'.
igenagainigen · adverbmodifies opptänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to denhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tänkteförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of stängaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of stängainfinitive marker before a verb.
stängato closestänga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gickdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of stänga- 92
A moment later he stood by the barn and was just about to shut the door when he thought he heard a rustling from inside.
Ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ögonblickögonblickmomentsögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldepends on stoddärefterafterwarddärefter · adverbmodifies stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodvidbyvid · prepositionpreposition marking ladanladanbarnlada · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskullewas about toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of stängajustjustjust · adverbmodifies stängastängato closestänga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with stodtillshuttill · prepositionpreposition marking dörrendörrendoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stänganärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tycktehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on stängasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tycktehörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tyckteettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of prasselprasselrustlingprassel · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of höradärinifrånfrom insidedärinifrån · adverbmodifies tyckte - 93
This came about because the boy had taken the chance to slip out at the same time as him, and had run straight down to the barn where he had left the cattle.
Dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of komdäravbecausedärav · adverbmodifies komattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of passatpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of passatpassattaken the chance topassa · verb, active, supinedepends on kompåopportunitypå · prepositiondepends on passatatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gåinfinitive marker before a verb.
gågogå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on passatutoutut · adverbdepends on gåpåat oncepå · prepositionpreposition marking gångsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of gånggångtimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hanhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying gångochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sprungithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sprungitgenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies sprungitsprungitrunsprunga · verb, active, supinecoordinated with passatnerdownner · adverbdepends on sprungittilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ladanladanbarnlada · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sprungitdärtheredär · adverbmodifies lämnathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lämnathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lämnatlämnatleftlämna · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sprungitkreaturencattlekreatur · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lämnat But they were no longer standing outside in the rain.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of stodostodostoodstodo · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentenceHistorical past-plural form of stå (cf. voro, gingo); despite the 'present' tag this is past tense.
intenotinte · particlemodifies stodolängrelongerlänge · adverbmodifies stodoutanföroutsideutanför · adverbmodifies stodoiini · prepositionpreposition marking regnetregnetrainregn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of utanförA strong gust of wind had long since blown the barn door open and helped them get a roof over their heads.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vindpuststarkstrongstark · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vindpustvindpustgust of windvindpust · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kastathadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kastatföragoför · prepositionmodifies kastatlängesedanlong agolängesedan · adverbpart of the phrase förkastatblownkasta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceuppupupp · adverbdepends on kastatlad-dörrenthe barn doorlad-dörre · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kastatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhjälpthelpedhjälpa · verb, active, supinecoordinated with kastatdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of hjälptatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fågetfå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hjälpttakrooftak · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fåöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking huvudethuvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fåBut it was the rustling of the boy running into the barn that the farmer had heard.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with prassletvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to prassletprassletthe rustlingprassl · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sprungitpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sprungithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sprungitsprungitrunsprunga · verb, active, supinedepends on prassletininin · adverbdepends on sprungitiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking ladanladanbarnlada · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sprungitsomthatsom · pronoundirect object of hördeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
husbondenfarmerhusbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhörde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sprungit- 94
Now he shone his lantern into the barn and saw that sleeping cattle lay all over the floor.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies lystelysteshonelyste · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseTagged as an adjective but is the past tense of lysa, 'to shine'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lystemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking lyktanlyktanlanternlykta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lysteinåtintoinåt · prepositionpreposition marking ladanladanbarnlada · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lysteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lystepast tense of se, 'to see.'
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lågoöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking golvethelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies golvetgolvetfloorgolv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of lågolågolaylågo · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralclausal complement of sågmistagged as a noun; this is the archaic plural past tense of ligga 'to lie' (they lay).
sovandesleepingsova · adjective, nominativemodifies kreaturkreaturcattlekreatur · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of såg No human being was to be seen.
Ingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of människamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of syntessynteswas to be seensyntes · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentencetillbe seentill · prepositiondepends on syntesThe animals were not tied up, but had lain down here and there in the straw.
Djurenthe animalsDjuren · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of bundnavorowerevoro · particleauxiliary of bundnaArchaic plural preterite of vara 'to be'; mistagged as particle.
intenotinte · particlemodifies bundnabundnatiedbunden · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lagtlagtlaidlägga · verb, active, supinecoordinated with bundnasigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of lagthärherehär · adverbmodifies lagtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärtheredär · adverbmodifies lagtiini · prepositionpreposition marking halmenhalmenstrawhalm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of där- 95
He grew angry at the intrusion and began to shout and make a racket to wake the sleepers and drive them out.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevredwrung/twistedvred · adjective, nominativemodifies blevPast tense of the verb 'vrida' (to wring/twist), mistagged as an adjective.
överatöver · prepositionpreposition marking intrångetintrångetthe intrusionintrång · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blevskrikascreamskrika · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationväsnasmake a racketväsnas · noun, genitive, common gender, pluralcoordinated with skrikaförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of väckaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of väckainfinitive marker before a verb.
väckato wakeväcka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on väsnasdetheen · determiner, pluraldirect object of väckaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
sovandethe sleeperssova · adjective, nominativecomplement of väckaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdrivato drivedriva · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with väckautoutut · adverbdepends on drivademthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of driva But the animals lay still, as if they had no wish at all to be disturbed.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdjurenanimalsdjur · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of lågolågolaylågo · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasemistagged as a noun; this is the archaic plural past tense of ligga 'to lie' (they lay).
stillastillstilla · adverbmodifies lågosomas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of störaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of låtadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of låtaallsat allalls · adverbmodifies låtaintenotinte · particlemodifies låtavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of låtalåtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on störastöradisturbstöra · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on lågosigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of störaThe only one that rose was an old horse, which came walking slowly, quite gently, toward him.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hästendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativepart of the phrase Densomthatsom · pronounsubject of resteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
resteroseresa · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Densigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of restevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to hästenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hästgammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hästhästhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomwhichsom · pronounsubject of gickThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
heltquitehelt · adverbmodifies saktasaktaslowlysakta · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gickFunctions adverbially ('slowly') though tagged as an adjective form.
gickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on hästframforwardfram · adverbdepends on gickemottowardemot · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of gick- 96
The farmer fell suddenly and utterly silent.
Husbondenfarmerhusbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåat oncepå · prepositionpreposition marking gångenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångsuddenlygång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blevalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies tysttystquiettyst · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blev He recognized the horse already by its gait.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändekändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceigenagainigen · adverbdepends on kändehästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of känderedanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies kändepåbypå · prepositionpreposition marking gångengångengaitgång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kändeHe raised the lantern toward him, and the horse came up and laid his head on his shoulder.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höjdehöjderaisedhöja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencelyktanlanternlykta · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of höjdemottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of höjdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with höjdeframforwardfram · adverbdepends on gickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationladelaidla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gick"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
sitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of huvudpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
huvudheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of ladepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking axelhanshishan · pronounpossessor of axelaxelshoulderaxel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lade- 97
And the farmer began to stroke him.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhusbondenfarmerhusbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesmekastrokesmeka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of smeka 'You, my horse, you, my horse!'
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasehästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Duminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singulardepends on Dupossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Duhästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of duminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singulardepends on dupossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
he said.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade'What have they done to you?
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of gjortharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjortdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gjortgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencevidtovid · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gjortYes, dear fellow, I'll buy you back.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on kärakäradearkär · adjective, nominative, singularhead of the phraseduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kärajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of köpaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of köpaköpato buyköpa · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to käraigenagainigen · adverbdepends on köpadigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of köpaYou'll never have to leave this farm again.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lämnaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lämnaaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies lämnameragainmycket · adverbmodifies lämnabehövato need tobehöva · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of lämnalämnaleavelämna · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gårdenhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase dengårdenfarmgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lämnaYou'll have things as you like, my horse.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfåhavefå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of fåsomassom · pronoundirect object of villThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villvillwantsvilja · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fåhästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies min.min.mymin. · nounparallel clause to fåThe others you've brought with you can stay here, but you shall come with me to the stable.
Detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andraSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronoundirect object of tagitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tagitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tagittagittakenta · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on stannamedwithmed · prepositiondepends on tagitdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of tagitfårcanfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of stannastannastaystanna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on andrahärherehär · adverbmodifies stannamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with stannamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking stalletstalletstablestall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommaNow I can give you as much oats as you can eat, without having to sneak up to it.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies gekancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gegeto givege · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of gesåasså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies havrehavreoatshavre · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gesomassom · pronoundirect object of förmårThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förmårförmåris able toförmå · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on havreätaeatäta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of förmårutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of smygaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of smygajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of smygabehöverneedbehöva · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of smygasmygato sneaksmyga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of smygatillget secretlytill · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of smygaYou're not altogether ruined either, surely.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstördärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to förstördvälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies förstördintenotinte · particlemodifies förstördalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies förstördförstörddestroyedförstörd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasehellereitherheller · adverbmodifies förstördThe finest horse on the churchyard hill — that's what you'll be again, once more.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hästengrannastefinestgrannaste · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies hästenhästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blipåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking kyrkbackenkyrkbackenchurch hillkyrkback · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hästendetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with bliskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blidetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of gångänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gångenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularparallel clause to bliThere now!
Såthere nowså · adverbmodifies jajayesja · interjectionhead of the phraseThere now!'
Såthere nowså · adverbmodifies jajayesja · interjectionhead of the phrase
The particulars
- The text
- Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige, Selma Lagerlöf. The Wonderful Adventures of Nils.
- Translation
- Public-domain Swedish (Lagerlöf, d. 1940; published 1906–07). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
- Words
- Every word of the text, by letter.
- Data
- JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents