Swedish · The Wonderful Adventures of Nils
Vid kyrkorna
At the Churches
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- 1
When the boy woke up the next morning and slid down onto the ice, he could not help but laugh.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vaknadepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vaknadevaknadewoke upvakna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on låtanästanextnästa · adjective, nominativemodifies morgonmorgonmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vaknadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgledslidgled · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with vaknadepast singular of glida ('to glide/slide'); mistagged as noun.
nerdownner · adverbmodifies gledpåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking iseniseniceis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nerkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of låtahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låtaintenotinte · particlemodifies låtalåtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låtaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of skrattainfinitive marker before a verb.
skrattalaughskratta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on låta A great deal of snow had fallen during the night, and it was still coming.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of mängdmängda great manymängd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies snösnösnowsnö · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of kommitunderduringunder · prepositionpreposition marking nattennattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kommitalltjämtstillalltjämt · adverbmodifies komThe whole air was full of white flakes, which were so large that one could believe they had been wings on frozen-to-death butterflies, before they fell.
Helawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fullvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to fullfullfullfull · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseavofav · prepositionpreposition marking flingorvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies flingorflingorflakesflinga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of fullsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of voroThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
vorowerevoro · pronoun, pluralrelative clause on flingormistagged as a pronoun; this is the archaic plural past tense of vara 'to be'.
såsoså · adverbmodifies storastorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with voroattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tromanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trokundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trotrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of voroattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vingardetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of vingarhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vingarvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to vingarvingarwingsving · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralclausal complement of troåtonåt · prepositionpreposition marking fjärilarihjälfrusnafrozen to deathihjälfrusen · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fjärilarfjärilarbutterfliesfjäriel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies vingarAlso covers moths in some contexts.
innanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of föllodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fölloföllofellföllo · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on troArchaic plural past of falla.
On Siljan the snow lay several centimeters deep, the shores were white, and the wild geese had so much snow on them that they looked like little drifts.
Påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking SiljanSiljanSiljanSiljan · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of lågLake Siljan in Dalarna.
låglaylåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesnönsnowsnö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lågfleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies centimetercentimetercentimeterscentimet · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of låghögtallhög · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lågsträndernashoresstrand · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with lågvorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralpreposition marking vitaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
vitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadeattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågsåsoså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies snösnösnowsnö · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of hadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sågosågosawsågoa · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hadeLemma/tag are corrupted; sågo is the plural past tense of se ("saw"), not a noun or present tense.
utlookut · adverbdepends on sågosomlikesom · prepositionpreposition marking drivorFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
småsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies drivordrivordriftsdrivor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sågo- 2
Now and then Akka or Yksi or Kaksi stirred, but when they saw that the snowfall continued, they hurried to hide their heads under their wings again.
Dånowdå · adverbhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies rörderördestirredröra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with DåAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of rördeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
elleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationYksiYksiYksi · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with AkkaOne of Akka's flock, named for the Finnish word for 'one'.
elleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationKaksiKaksiKaksi · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with YksiName of one of the wild geese.
påstirredpå · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of rördemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sågosågosawsågo · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with Dåmistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw).
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skyndadesnöfalletthe snowfallsnöfall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of skyndadefortforwent onfortfor · adverbmodifies snöfalletMistagged as adverb; this is the past tense of the verb 'fortfara', meaning 'continued/went on'.
skyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of sågodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of skyndadesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of skyndadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gömmainfinitive marker before a verb.
gömmato hidegömma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skyndadehuvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gömmaunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking vingenvingenwingving · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gömmapåagainpå · prepositionpreposition marking nyttnyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gömma They evidently thought that in such weather they could do nothing better than sleep, and the boy agreed with them.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of menademenademeant/thoughtmena · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenogevidentlynog · adverbmodifies menadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tainfinitive marker before a verb.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking vädersådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies väderväderweatherväder · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of takundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of taintenotinte · particlemodifies tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on menadesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of tanågotnothingnågon · adverbmodifies bättrebättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of tafördoför · prepositiondepends on taänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sovaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sovainfinitive marker before a verb.
sovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on förochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gavgavagreedge · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with menadeLight-verb idioms in the examples: "gav ... till ett klagoskrik" = let out a cry; "gav sig tid" = took the time — not literal "gave" in either case.
pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralindirect object of gavrättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gaviwithi · prepositionpreposition marking gav- 3
A few hours later he woke to the church bells in Rättvik ringing for the service.
Någrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of timmartimmarhourstimme · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldepends on vaknadeefteråtafterwardefteråt · adverbmodifies vaknadevaknadewoke upvakna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vaknadevidtovid · prepositionintroduces the clause of ringdeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ringdekyrkklockornathe church bellskyrkklockorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of ringdeiini · prepositionpreposition marking RättvikRättvikRättvikRättvik · proper noun, nominativemodifies kyrkklockornaringderangringa · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on vaknadetillfortill · prepositionpreposition marking gudstjänstgudstjänstchurch servicegudstjänst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ringde Now it had stopped snowing, but the wind blew hard from the north, and out on the lake it was bitterly cold.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slutatdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of slutatslutatstoppedsluta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesnöasnowingsnöa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of slutatmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of blåsteblåsteblewblåsa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with slutathårthardhård · adverbmodifies norrfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking norrnorrnorthnorr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies blåsteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationuteoutsideute · adverbmodifies kalltpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to kalltdetitden · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of kalltbitandebitingbitande · adjective, nominativemodifies kalltkalltcoldkall · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with blåsteHe grew glad when the wild geese finally shook the snow off themselves and flew toward land to get food.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skakadevildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skakadeattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
äntligenfinallyäntligen · adverbmodifies skakadeskakadeshookskaka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blevavoffav · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of skakadesnönsnowsnö · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skakadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationflögoflewflögo · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with skakadePast plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense.
mottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of flögoförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of skaffaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of skaffainfinitive marker before a verb.
skaffato getskaffa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on flögosigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of skaffamatfoodmat · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skaffa- 4
That day there was confirmation in Rättvik church, and the catechumens, who had arrived in good time, stood in small groups on the churchyard green and talked.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of konfirmationvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to konfirmationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with konfirmationkonfirmationconfirmationkonfirmation · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseiati · prepositionpreposition marking kyrkaRättviksRättvik'sRättvik · proper noun, genitivepossessor of kyrkakyrkachurchkyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies konfirmationochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationläsbarnenthe catechumensläsbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with kyrkaLäsbarn is an older term for children receiving confirmation instruction.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of kommitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinerelative clause on läsbarneniini · prepositionpreposition marking tidgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommitstodostoodstodo · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on konfirmationPast plural of stå ('to stand'); tagged as adjective.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking gruppersmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gruppergruppergroupsgrupp · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of stodopåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking kyrkvallenkyrkvallenchurchyard greenkyrkvall · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies grupperochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsamtaladetalkedsamtala · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodo They were all dressed in the parish costume, and their clothes were so new and gaily colored that they shone from far away.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of voroSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on kläddaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
allaallall · pronoun, pluralsubject of kläddakläddadressedklädda · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseiini · prepositionpreposition marking sockendräktensockendräktenthe parish costumesockendräkt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kläddaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationderastheirde · pronounpossessor of kläderpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
kläderclotheskläder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vorovorowerevoro · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kläddasåsoså · adverbmodifies nyanyanewny · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on voroochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbrokigacolorfulbrokig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with nyaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lystedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lystelysteshonelyste · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on kläddaTagged as an adjective but is the past tense of lysa, 'to shine'.
långalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vägarvägarroadsväg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of lysteavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies vägar»Dear mother Akka, fly slowly here,» cried the boy, as the wild geese approached the church, »so that I can get a look at the young folk!»
KäradearKära · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceUsed as a term of address ("Kära mor Akka" = "Dear mother Akka"), not a literal command.
mormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of KäraAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedepends on Käraproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
flygfly!flyg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with Akkasurfaces Flyg/flyg here are the imperative of flyga ('to fly'), not the noun.
långsamtslowlylångsam · adverbmodifies Kärahärherehär · adverbmodifies långsamtskrekshriekedskrek · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Kärapojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skreknärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of närmadevildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of närmadeattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
närmadeapproachednärma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on skreksigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of närmadekyrkanchurchkyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of närmadesåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of seattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sefårcanfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skrekpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking ungdomenungdomenyouthungdom · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of seThis the lead goose evidently thought a reasonable request, for she lowered herself as much as she could, and flew three times around the church.
Dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevisstcertainlyviss · adverbmodifies förargåsensurface visst here is the adverb 'certainly/surely', not the adjective viss 'certain'.
förargåsenlead gooseförargås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktevarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to begärtrimligtreasonablerimlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies begärtbegärtrequestedbegära · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of tyckteförforför · prepositionpreposition marking honhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sänktesänkteloweredsänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tycktesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sänktesåasså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies sänktehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kundekundecouldkunna · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on mycketochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationforflewfor · prepositionpreposition marking gångerPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
trethreetre · numeral, nominativequantifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of runtruntaroundrunt · adverbmodifies omomaroundom · prepositionpreposition marking kyrkankyrkanchurchkyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sänkteIt is not so easy to say how they looked up close, but when the boy saw the young boys and girls from up there, he thought he had never seen such a lovely crowd of young people.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lättärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to lättintenotinte · particlemodifies lättsåsoså · adverbmodifies lättlätteasylätt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasech01-p14 'ett lätt buller' renders as 'a faint noise' in the translation, a distinct sense from weight/air-lightness or ease.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sägainfinitive marker before a verb.
sägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivedepends on lätthurhowhur · adverbmodifies utdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of sigtogotooktogo · verb, past, indicative, activepart of the phrase deOld plural past tense of taga/ta ('to take').
sigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativepart of the phrase hurutlookut · adverbmodifies sägapåup closepå · prepositionpreposition marking hållnäraup closenära · adjective, nominativemodifies hållhålldirectionhåll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of utmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tycktepast tense of se, 'to see.'
detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of gossarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
ungayoungung · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gossarnagossarnathe boysgossarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationflickornagirlsflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with gossarnasålike thatså · adverbmodifies sågdärtheredär · adverbmodifies uppifrånuppifrånfrom aboveuppifrån · adverbadverbial clause on sågtycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to lätthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of setthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supineclausal complement of tyckteenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ungdomsskarasådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ungdomsskarasån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
härliglovelyhärlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ungdomsskaraungdomsskarayoung crowdungdomsskara · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sett»I don't believe there are finer princes and princesses in the king's palace,» he said to himself.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies trokancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of trojagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trotrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of finnsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsfinnsthere arefinnas · verb, present, indicativeclausal complement of trofinarefinerfin · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies prinsarprinsarprincesprins · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of finnsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationprinsessorprincessesprinsessa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with prinsariini · prepositionpreposition marking slottkungensking'skung · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of slottslottcastleslott · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies prinsessorsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with finnshanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of sadesjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sig- 5
It was no small amount of snow that had fallen.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with snövarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to snöintenotinte · particlemodifies snöliteta littlelitet · adverbmodifies snösnösnowsnö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounsubject of kommitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinedepends on snö In Rättvik it covered every field, and Akka was unable to find any spot where she could land.
Iini · prepositionpreposition marking RättvikRättvikRättvikRättvik · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of täcktetäcktecoveredtäcka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fältallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fältfältfieldfält · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of täckteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with täckteproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to Akkaintenotinte · particlemodifies variini · prepositiondepends on varståndablestånd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase iatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of finnainfinitive marker before a verb.
finnafindfinna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on Akkanågotanynågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ställeställeplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of finnadärtheredär · adverbmodifies slåhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slåkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slåslålandslå · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on ställenerdownner · adverbdepends on slåThen she did not hesitate long, but flew south toward Leksand.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies besinnadebesinnadeconsideredbesinna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceOften reflexive, besinna sig, "to stop and think".
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of besinnadesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of besinnadeintenotinte · particlemodifies längelängelonglänge · adverbmodifies besinnadeutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
flögflewflög · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with besinnadesöderutsouthwardsöderut · adverbmodifies flögmottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking LeksandLeksandLeksandLeksand · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of flög- 6
In Leksand, as is usual in spring, most of the young people had gone away to look for work.
Iini · prepositionpreposition marking LeksandLeksandLeksandLeksand · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of restsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vanligtvanligtusualvanlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on hadeärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to vanligtominom · prepositionpreposition marking vårenvårenspringvår · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadedetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ungaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
flestamostmången · adjective, nominative, plural, superlativemodifies ungaungayoungung · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of restresttraveledrest · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencebortawaybort · adverbdepends on restförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of sökaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sökainfinitive marker before a verb.
sökasearchsöka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on restarbeteworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of söka It was mostly old folk who had stayed home in the parish, and when the wild geese came flying, a long row of old women walked through the stately birch avenue that leads up to the church.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemestmostlymycket · adverbmodifies gammaltgammaltoldgammal · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies folkfolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of varsomwhosom · pronounsubject of stannatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of stannatstannatstayedstanna · verb, active, supinerelative clause on folkhemmaat homehemma · adverbmodifies stannatiini · prepositionpreposition marking socknensocknenparishsockn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hemmaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommovildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommoattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
kommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with varkommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
flygandeflyingflyga · adjective, nominativemodifies radvandradewanderedvandra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with flygandeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of radlånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies radradrowrad · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kommoavofav · prepositionpreposition marking gummorgamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gummorgummorold womengumma · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kommogenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking björkalléndenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of björkallénståtligastatelyståtlig · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies björkallénbjörkallénthe birch avenuebjörkallén · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommosomthatsom · pronounsubject of lederThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
lederleadsleda · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on björkallénframforwardfram · adverbdepends on ledertilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking kyrkankyrkanchurchkyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lederThey came across the white ground between the white-trunked birches in snow-white sheepskin jackets, white skirts of skin, yellow or black-and-white-striped aprons, and white caps that fit close about their white hair.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommokommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencekommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
påacrosspå · prepositionpreposition marking markendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of markenvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommomellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking björkarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of björkarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vitstammigawhite-trunkedvitstammig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies björkarnabjörkarnathe birchesbjörkarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies markeniini · prepositionpreposition marking fårskinnskoftorsnövitasnow-whitesnövita · adjective, nominativemodifies fårskinnskoftorfårskinnskoftorsheepskin jacketsfårskinnskoftor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies markenvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies skinnkjolarskinnkjolarskirts of skinskinnkjol · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with fårskinnskoftorgulayellowgul · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with fårskinnskoftorelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsvart-black-svart- · noun, common gendercoordinated with fårskinnskoftorochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvitrandigawhite-stripedvitrandig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies förklädenförklädenapronsförkläd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with svart-ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hättorhättorcapshätta · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with fårskinnskoftorsomthatsom · pronounsubject of slötoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
slötofittedslöto · verb, active, supinerelative clause on hättorHistorical plural past form of sluta.
tättclosetätt · adverbmodifies slötoomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking håretdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of håretvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies hårethårethairhår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies slöto- 7
»Dear mother Akka,» said the boy, »go slowly here, so that I can get a look at the old folk!»
KäradearKära · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceUsed as a term of address ("Kära mor Akka" = "Dear mother Akka"), not a literal command.
mormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of KäraAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativemodifies Käraproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Kärapojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadefarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadelångsamtslowlylångsam · adverbmodifies sadehärherehär · adverbmodifies långsamtsåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of seattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sefårcanfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sadepåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking gammalfolketgammalfolketthe old folkgammalfolket · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of se This the lead goose evidently thought a reasonable request, for she lowered herself as far as she dared, and flew three times back and forth over the birch avenue.
Dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevisstcertainlyviss · adverbmodifies förargåsensurface visst here is the adverb 'certainly/surely', not the adjective viss 'certain'.
förargåsenlead gooseförargås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktevarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to begäranenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of begäranrimligreasonablerimlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies begäranbegäranrequestbegäran · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tyckteförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of sänktehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sänktesänkteloweredsänka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tycktesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sänktesåasså · adverbintroduces the clause of vågadelångtfarlångt · adverbpart of the phrase såhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vågadevågadedaredvåga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sänkteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationforflewfor · prepositionpreposition marking gångerPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
trethreetre · numeral, nominativequantifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of framframforwardfram · adverbcoordinated with sänkteochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase framtillbakabacktillbaka · adverbpart of the phrase framöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking björkallénbjörkallénthe birch avenuebjörkallén · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of framIt is not easy to say how they looked up close, but the boy thought he had never seen old women look so wise and dignified.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies lättärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to lättdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lättlätteasylätt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasech01-p14 'ett lätt buller' renders as 'a faint noise' in the translation, a distinct sense from weight/air-lightness or ease.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sägainfinitive marker before a verb.
sägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivedepends on lätthurhowhur · adverbmodifies utdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of sigtogotooktogo · verb, past, indicative, activepart of the phrase deOld plural past tense of taga/ta ('to take').
sigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativepart of the phrase hurutlookut · adverbmodifies sägapåup closepå · prepositionpreposition marking hållnäraup closenära · adjective, nominativemodifies hållhålldirectionhåll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of utmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lättattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of setthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supineclausal complement of tycktegamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kvinnorkvinnorwomenkvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of settsåsoså · adverbmodifies klokaklokawisekloka · adjective, nominative, pluraldirect object of seochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvärdigadignifiedvärdig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with klokautlookut · adverbmodifies se»These old women look as though they had kings for sons and queens for daughters,» said the boy to himself.
Detheseen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of gamlaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
härherehär · adverbpart of the phrase Degamlaold womengammal · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceutlookut · adverbdepends on sersomassom · pronounsubject of sadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sadekungarkingskung · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hadetillfortill · prepositionpreposition marking sönersönersonssön · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdrottningarqueensdrottning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with sönertillfortill · prepositionpreposition marking döttrardöttrardaughtersdöttr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies hadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on serpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sadeförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of sadesjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sig- 8
But in Leksand it was no better than in Rättvik.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiini · prepositionpreposition marking LeksandLeksandLeksandLeksand · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of bättrevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to bättredetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of bättreintenotinte · particlemodifies bättrebättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativehead of the phraseänthanän · prepositionpreposition marking Rättvikiini · prepositionpreposition marking RättvikRättvikRättvikRättvik · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of bättre Thick snow lay everywhere, and Akka saw no other choice than to continue south toward Gagnef.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of snölåglayligga · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies snömistagged as adjective; the surface 'låg' here is the past tense of ligga 'to lie', not the unrelated adjective låg 'low'.
tjockthicktjock · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies snösnösnowsnö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseöverallteverywhereöverallt · adverbmodifies snöochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of sågproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
sågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
sigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of sågingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rådannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies rådrådadviceråd · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sågänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fortsättaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fortsättainfinitive marker before a verb.
fortsättato continuefortsätta · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying rådsöderutsouthwardsöderut · adverbdepends on fortsättamottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking GagnefGagnefGagnefGagnef · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of fortsätta- 9
In Gagnef they had buried someone dead before the service that day.
Iini · prepositionpreposition marking GagnefGagnefGagnefGagnef · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of begravtSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
begravtburiedbegravt · adverbsubject of hadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of döddödsomeone deaddöd · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeExamples mix the noun (döden) with adjectival uses (död gås); flag if the occurrence is adjectival.
förebeforeföre · prepositionpreposition marking gudstjänstengudstjänstenchurch servicegudstjänst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gudstjänsten The funeral procession had arrived late at the church, and afterward the burial had run long.
Liktågetthe funeral processionliktåg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesentlatesen · adverbmodifies kommittillattill · prepositionpreposition marking kyrkankyrkanchurchkyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsedanthensedan · adverbmodifies dragithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of dragitdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of dragitdragitrun longdraga · verb, active, supinecoordinated with kommitArchaic supine of dra; sense shifts widely with the particle it governs (dragit i led, dragit ihop, dragit bort, dragit upp).
utrun longut · adverbdepends on dragitpårun longpå · prepositionpreposition marking tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of dragitmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking jordfästningenjordfästningenburial servicejordfästning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tidenWhen the wild geese came flying by, not everyone had yet made it into the church, and several women were still standing in the churchyard, looking at their graves.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommovildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommoattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
kommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hadekommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
farandeflying/travelingfarande · adjective, nominativedirect object of kommohadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hunnitintenotinte · particlemodifies hunnitallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hunnithunnitmade ithinna · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceininin · adverbdepends on hunnitiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking kyrkankyrkanchurchkyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hunnitutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionpreposition marking kvinnorfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
fleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kvinnorkvinnorwomenkvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gingogingowentgingo · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with hunnitPast plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective.
ännuyetännu · adverbmodifies kyrkogårdenkvarstill therekvar · adverbpart of the phrase ännupåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking kyrkogårdenkyrkogårdenchurchyardkyrkogård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gingoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågosawsågo · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with gingomistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw).
påatpå · prepositionpreposition marking gravarsinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of gravargravargravesgrav · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sågoThey were dressed in green bodices with red sleeves, and on their heads they wore colored kerchiefs with gaily patterned fringes.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of voroSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of kläddaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
kläddadressedklädda · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseiini · prepositionpreposition marking livgrönagreengrön · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies livlivbodicesliv · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of kläddamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ärmarrödaredröd · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ärmarärmarsleevesärm · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kläddaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking huvudenahuvudenaheadshuvude · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of dukardetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadekulörtacoloredkulörta · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of dukardukarkerchiefsduka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking fransarbrokigacolorfulbrokig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fransarfransarfringesfrans · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of dukar- 10
»Dear mother Akka, fly slowly here, so that I can get a look at the farmwives!» said the boy, and this too the wild goose evidently thought a reasonable request, for she lowered herself as far down as she dared, and flew three times back and forth over the churchyard.
KäradearKära · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceUsed as a term of address ("Kära mor Akka" = "Dear mother Akka"), not a literal command.
mormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of KäraAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedepends on Käraproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
flygfly!flyg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with Akkasurfaces Flyg/flyg here are the imperative of flyga ('to fly'), not the noun.
långsamtslowlylångsam · adverbmodifies Kärahärherehär · adverbmodifies långsamtsåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of seattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sefårcanfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on Kärapåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking bondhustrurnabondhustrurnathe farmwivesbondhustrurna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadenogevidentlynog · adverbmodifies tycktevildgåsenwild goosevildgåse · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of begäranvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to begäranenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of begäranrimligreasonablerimlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies begäranbegäranrequestbegäran · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tyckteförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of sänktehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sänktesänkteloweredsänka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tycktesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sänktesåasså · adverbmodifies långtlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies nernerdownner · adverbmodifies sänktesomassom · pronoundirect object of vågadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vågadevågadedaredvåga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sänkteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationforflewfor · prepositionpreposition marking gångerPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
trethreetre · numeral, nominativequantifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of framframforwardfram · adverbcoordinated with vågadeochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase framtillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies framöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking kyrkogårdenkyrkogårdenchurchyardkyrkogård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fram It is hard to say how they looked up close, but when the boy saw the women from up there among the churchyard trees, he thought they were like the loveliest of flowers.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with svårtärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to svårtsvårtdifficultsvår · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sägainfinitive marker before a verb.
sägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivedepends on svårthurhowhur · adverbmodifies utdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of sigtogotooktogo · verb, past, indicative, activepart of the phrase deOld plural past tense of taga/ta ('to take').
sigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativepart of the phrase hurutlookut · adverbmodifies sägapåup closepå · prepositionpreposition marking hållnäraup closenära · adjective, nominativemodifies hållhålldirectionhåll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of utmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with svårtpast tense of se, 'to see.'
kvinnornawomenkvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sågsålike thatså · adverbmodifies sågdärtheredär · adverbmodifies tyckteuppifrånfrom aboveuppifrån · adverbpart of the phrase därmellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking trädkyrkogårdenschurchyard'skyrkogård · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of trädträdtreeträd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of uppifråntycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on såghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vorodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of vorovorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on sågarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
somlikesom · pronounintroduces the clause of blommorThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of blommorSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vänastethe loveliestvän · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies blommorblommorflowersblomma · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcomplement of voro»They all look as though they had grown in a flowerbed in the king's garden,» he thought.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of allesammansärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to allesammansallesammansallallesammans · noun, genitive, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomassom · pronounsubject of vuxitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vuxitdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of vuxitvuxitgrownväxa · verb, active, supinerelative clause on allesammanspåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking örtasängenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of örtasängörtasängflowerbedörtasäng · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vuxitiini · prepositionpreposition marking trädgårdkungensking'skung · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of trädgårdträdgårdgardenträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vuxittänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to allesammanshanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkte- 11
But not in Gagnef either was there a single bare field, and the wild geese had no other choice than to continue south toward Floda.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies Gagnefiini · prepositionpreposition marking GagnefGagnefGagnefGagnef · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of fannshellereitherheller · adverbmodifies fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of fältendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativemodifies bartbartbarebar · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies fältfältfieldfält · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of fannsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadeattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fannsingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rådannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies rådrådadviceråd · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fortsättaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fortsättainfinitive marker before a verb.
fortsättato continuefortsätta · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying rådsöderutsouthwardsöderut · adverbdepends on fortsättamottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking FlodaFlodaFlodaFloda · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of fortsätta - 12
In Floda the people sat inside the church when the wild geese came flying, but there was to be a church wedding that day after the service ended, and the bridal party was gathered outside on the church hill.
Iini · prepositionpreposition marking FlodaFlodaFlodaFloda · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencefolketpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of sattinneinsideinne · adverbmodifies sattiinsidei · prepositionpreposition marking kyrkankyrkanchurchkyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommovildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommoattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
kommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sattkommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
flygandeflyingflyga · adjective, nominativecomplement of kommomenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with bliskullewas toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kommokyrkvigselchurch weddingkyrkvigsel · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of blidenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bliefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking slutgudstjänstensthe service'sgudstjänst · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of slutslutendslut · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of bliochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbrudföljetthe bridal partybrudfölje · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of uppställtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to uppställtuppställtassembleduppställa · verb, active, supinecoordinated with sattuteoutsideute · adverbmodifies uppställtpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking kyrkbackenkyrkbackenchurch hillkyrkback · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uppställt The bride stood with a gold crown over her loosened hair and was hung with jewels and flowers and gaily colored ribbons, and everything about her was so splendid that it hurt the eyes to look at her.
Brudenbridebrud · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking guldkronaguldkronagold crownguldkrona · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking hårutslagetloosenedutslagen · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase överhårhairhår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies guldkronaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies behängdbehängdhungbehängda · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with stodmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking smyckensmyckenjewelssmycke · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of behängdochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblommorflowersblomma · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies bandochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbrokigacolorfulbrokig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with blommorbandribbonsband · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of behängdochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationalltsammansall of italltsammans · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of grantvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to grantsåsoså · adverbmodifies grantgrantfine/splendidgrant · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with behängdattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gjordedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on behängdonthurtond · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gjordeiini · prepositionpreposition marking ögonenögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of gjordenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågmanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on behängdpast tense of se, 'to see.'
påatpå · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sågThe bridegroom walked in a blue long coat, knee breeches, and a red cap.
Brudgummenthe bridegroombrudgumme · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceiini · prepositionpreposition marking långrockblåblueblå · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies långrocklångrocklong coatlångrock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickknäbyxorknee breechesknäbyxor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with gickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrödredröd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies mössamössacapmössa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with gickThe bridesmaids had bodices and skirt hems embroidered with roses and tulips, and parents and neighbors walked along in the procession in their gaily colored parish costumes.
Brudtärnornathe bridesmaidsBrudtärnorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencelivbodicesliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkjolkanterskirt hemskjolkant · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with livbroderadeembroideredbrodera · verb, past, indicative, activecomplement of hademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking rosorrosorrosesrosa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of broderadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtulpanertulipstulpan · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with rosorföräldrarparentsförälder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with rosorochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgrannarneighborsgranna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with rosorgingowentgingo · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hadePast plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking tågetiini · prepositionpreposition marking tågettågetprocessiontåg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hadeSecond example ('en sjöman äntrar uppför ett tåg' = 'a sailor climbs up a rope') uses the nautical sense 'rope', not 'train'; the type was pinned to 'train' with contextDependent false, missing this attested sense.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking sockendräktersinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of sockendräkterbrokigacolorfulbrokig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sockendräktersockendräkterparish costumessockendräkt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of hade- 13
»Dear mother Akka, fly slowly here, so that I have time to look at the young folk!» begged the boy, and the lead goose lowered herself as far as she dared, and flew three times back and forth over the church hill.
KäradearKära · verb, imperative, activemodifies badUsed as a term of address ("Kära mor Akka" = "Dear mother Akka"), not a literal command.
mormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of KäraAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedepends on Käraproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
flygfly!flyg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with Akkasurfaces Flyg/flyg here are the imperative of flyga ('to fly'), not the noun.
långsamtslowlylångsam · adverbmodifies Kärahärherehär · adverbmodifies långsamtsåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of hinnerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hinnerhinnerget through in timehinna · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on seseseese · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with Kärapåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking ungfolketungfolketthe young folkungfolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sebadbeggedbe · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of badochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförargåsenlead gooseförargåse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sänktesänkteloweredsänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with badsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sänktesåasså · adverbintroduces the clause of vågadelångtfarlångt · adverbpart of the phrase såhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vågadevågadedaredvåga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sänkteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationforflewfor · prepositionpreposition marking gångerPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
trethreetre · numeral, nominativequantifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of framframforwardfram · adverbmodifies vågadeochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase framtillbakabacktillbaka · adverbpart of the phrase framöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking kyrkbackenkyrkbackenchurch hillkyrkback · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fram It is hard to say how they looked up close, but as the boy saw them from above, he thought that so sweet a bride and so proud a bridegroom and so stately a bridal party could not be found anywhere else.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with svårtärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to svårtsvårtdifficultsvår · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sägainfinitive marker before a verb.
sägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivedepends on svårthurhowhur · adverbmodifies utdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of sigtogotooktogo · verb, past, indicative, activepart of the phrase deOld plural past tense of taga/ta ('to take').
sigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativepart of the phrase hurutlookut · adverbmodifies sägapåup closepå · prepositionpreposition marking hållnäraup closenära · adjective, nominativemodifies hållhålldirectionhåll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of utmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåasså · adverbintroduces the clause of sågsomassom · subordinating conjunctionoblique complement of sågpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tycktepast tense of se, 'to see.'
demthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of såguppifrånfrom aboveuppifrån · adverbmodifies sågtycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to svårthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of brudinfinitive marker before a verb.
såsoså · adverbmodifies ljuvljuvsweetljuv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies brudbrudbridebrud · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of tyckteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåsoså · adverbmodifies stoltstoltproudstolt · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with brudbrudgumbridegroombrudgum · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of stoltochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåsoså · adverbmodifies brudskaraståtligstatelyståtlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies brudskarabrudskarabridal partybrudskara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with brudkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of finnasintenotinte · particlemodifies finnasfinnasto existfinnas · verb, infinitivecoordinated with tycktepåelsewherepå · prepositionpreposition marking hållnågotanynågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of hållannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hållhålldirectionhåll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of finnas»I wonder if the king and queen are any finer, where they walk in their palace,» he thought to himself.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undrarundrarwondersundra · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on finareomifom · prepositionpreposition marking kungenkungenkingkung · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of undrarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdrottningenthe queendrottning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with kungenärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to finarefinarefinerfin · adjective, nominative, comparativehead of the phrasedärtheredär · adverbmodifies gårdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on finareiini · prepositionpreposition marking slottsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of slottpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
slottcastleslott · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gårtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to finarehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkteförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of tänktesjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sig- 14
But here in Floda the wild geese finally found bare fields, so that they did not need to travel any farther to get food.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhärherehär · adverbmodifies funnoiini · prepositionpreposition marking FlodaFlodaFlodaFloda · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of funnofunnofoundfunno · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceFunno is the historical plural past form of finna.
vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of funnoattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
äntligenfinallyäntligen · adverbmodifies funnonaknabarenakn · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies fältfältfieldfält · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of funnosåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of faraattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sådetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of faraintenotinte · particlemodifies farabehövdeneeded tobehöva · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of farafaragofara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on funnosome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
längrefartherlänge · adverbmodifies faraförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of fåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fågetfå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on farasigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of fåmatfoodmat · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of få
The particulars
- The text
- Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige, Selma Lagerlöf. The Wonderful Adventures of Nils.
- Translation
- Public-domain Swedish (Lagerlöf, d. 1940; published 1906–07). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
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