Swedish · The Wonderful Adventures of Nils
Översvämningen
The Flood
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- 1
For several days, dreadful weather prevailed in the regions north of Lake Mälaren.
Ifori · prepositionpreposition marking darfleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dardardaysda · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of råddecolloquial short plural of dag (dagar).
råddeprevailedrå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of väderförskräckligtdreadfulförskräcklig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies väderväderweatherväder · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of råddeiini · prepositionpreposition marking trakternatrakternadistrictstrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies vädernorrnorthnorr · adverbmodifies trakternaomofom · prepositionpreposition marking MälarenMälarenMälarenmälar · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of norrLake Mälaren, near Stockholm.
The sky stood a uniform gray, the wind howled, and the rain lashed down.
Himlenthe skyhimle · proper noun, nominativesubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejämngråuniform grayjämngrå · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodvindenwindvind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodvind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form.
venhowled/whinedven · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of stodPast tense of the verb 'vina' (to howl, of wind), mistagged as a noun.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationregnetrainregn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies piskadepiskadelashedpiska · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with stodPast tense of the verb 'piska' (to lash/whip), mistagged as an adjective.
Both people and animals knew that spring could not come without this, but they still found it almost unbearable.
Bådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vissteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdjuranimalsdjur · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with människorvissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blidetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with bliintenotinte · particlemodifies blikundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of visstevårourvi · pronoun, common gender, singularcomplement of bliMistagged as a pronoun under lemma vi; vår here is the possessive "our", not the pronoun "we".
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking mindremindrewithout thislite · adverbmodifies bliSurface 'mindre' is the shared comparative of both 'lite' (less) and 'liten' (small); in ch. examples it renders as predicate-adjective 'smaller' (mycket mindre än han, mindre höga) as often as adverbial 'less' (nöjde sig inte med mindre).
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with bliändåstilländå · adverbmodifies tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of outhärdligtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of outhärdligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to outhärdligtnästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies outhärdligtouthärdligtunbearableouthärdlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of tyckte- 2
When it had rained for a day, the snow masses in the spruce forests began to melt in earnest, and the spring brooks got underway.
Närwhennär · adverbintroduces the clause of regnatFunctions as a subordinating conjunction, not an adverb.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with regnathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of regnatregnatrainedregna · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on börjadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of regnatbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesnömassornathe snow massessnömassa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of börjadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking granskogarnagranskogarnathe spruce forestsgranskogare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of börjadesmältameltsmälta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadepåin earnestpå · prepositionpreposition marking allvarallvarin earnestallvar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of smältaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvårbäckarnathe spring brooksvårbäckarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kommokommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with börjadekommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
iunderwayi · prepositiondepends on kommogångunderwaygång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase i Every puddle in the farmyards, the sluggish water in the ditches, the water that trickled up between the tussocks in bogs and marshes — all of it came into motion and tried to find its way to the brooks, to be carried along to the sea.
Allaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vattenpussarvattenpussarpuddlesvattenpuss · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kompåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking gårdarnagårdarnathe farmsgårdarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies vattenpussardetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of vattnettrögasluggishtrög · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies vattnetvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with vattenpussariini · prepositionpreposition marking dikenadikenathe ditchesdikena · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies vattnetvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with dikenasomthatsom · pronounsubject of porladeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
porladetrickledporla · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on dikenauppupupp · adverbdepends on porlademellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking tuvornatuvornathe tussockstuvorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of porladeiini · prepositionpreposition marking myrarmyrarbogsmyr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of porladeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkärrmarsheskärr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with myraralltallall · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking rörelserörelsemovementrörelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförsöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with komletato searchleta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försöktesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of letaframforwardfram · adverbmodifies letatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking bäckarnabäckarnabrooksbäck · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of framförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of bliatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bliinfinitive marker before a verb.
blibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on letatagetcarried alongtagen · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of blimedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking havettilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking havethavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of bli- 3
The brooks hurried as fast as they could toward the Mälar rivers, and the rivers did their best to carry the water masses down to Mälaren.
Bäckarnabrooksbäck · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of iladeiladehurriedila · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesåasså · adverbmodifies iladehastigtquicklyhastig · adverbmodifies iladesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of möjligtmöjligtpossiblemöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on iladehalf the examples (ch01-p27, ch04-p30) use the fixed idiom 'allt möjligt' = 'all sorts of/everything', not the literal 'possible' sense used in the other two.
framforwardfram · adverbmodifies möjligttilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking MälaråarnaMälaråarnathe Mälar riversMälaråarna · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of framochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationåarnathe riversåarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with iladesitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of bästapossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
bästabestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativedirect object of gjordeförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of föraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förainfinitive marker before a verb.
föracarryföra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gjordevattenmassornathe water massesvattenmassorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of föranerdownner · adverbmodifies föratilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking MälarenMälarenMälarenmälar · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of nerLake Mälaren, near Stockholm.
But then all the small lakes in Uppland and in Bergslagen cast off their ice cover on one and the same day, so that the rivers filled with ice floes and very quickly rose all the way up to their banks.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies kastadekastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of småsjöarsmåsjöarsmall lakessmåsjöar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of kastadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking UpplandUpplandUpplandUppland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of kastadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiini · prepositionpreposition marking BergslagernaBergslagernaBergslagenBergslagerna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with UpplandThe Bergslagen mining region.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking dagenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase ensammathe samesamma · determinerpart of the phrase endagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Bergslagernaavoffav · prepositionpreposition marking istäckensinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of istäckenistäckenice coversistäcken · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies dagsåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of fylldesattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sååarnathe riversåarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive fylldesfylldeswas filledfyll · verb, past, indicative, passiveadverbial clause on stegoavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking isflakisflakice floesisflak · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralagent of fylldesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies hastigthastigtquicklyhastig · adverbmodifies stegostegorosestego · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to kastadePast tense plural of 'stiga'.
ändaall the wayända · adverbmodifies uppuppupupp · adverbmodifies stegotilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking bräddarsinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of bräddarbräddarbanksbrädd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of uppSo swollen had the rivers now become that they poured themselves out into Mälaren, and it was not long before the lake had received as much water as it could comfortably hold.
Såasså · adverbmodifies förstoradeförstoradeswollenförstora · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasesomassom · pronoundirect object of blivitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
åarnathe riversåarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of blivitnunownu · adverbmodifies blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinerelative clause on förstoradestörtadepouredstörta · verb, past, indicative, activecomplement of blivitdetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of störtadesurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
sigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of störtadeutoutut · adverbmodifies störtadeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking MälarenMälarenMälarenMälaren · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of utthe large lake near Stockholm.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of dröjdedröjdewas long in comingdröj · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with förstoradeIdiomatic: "det dröjde inte länge" = "it was not long before."
intenotinte · particlemodifies dröjdeförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies mottagitused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of mottagithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of mottagitmottagitreceivedmottå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on dröjdesåsoså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies vattenvattenwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of mottagitsomassom · pronoundirect object of rymmaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
deniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of rymmabekvämligencomfortablybekvämligen · adverbmodifies rymmakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of rymmarymmato holdrymma · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on vattenIt fell into a violent current down toward the outlet, but Norrström is a narrow channel, and it could not let the water through as fast as was needed.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of råkaderåkadefell intoråka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking strömninghäftigviolenthäftig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies strömningströmningcurrentströmning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of råkadenerdownner · adverbmodifies strömningmottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking utloppetutloppetthe outletutlopp · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of nermenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationNorrströmNorrströmNorrström · proper noun, nominativesubject of farledärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to farledenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of farledtrångnarrowtrång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies farledfarledchannelfarled · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with råkadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of släppakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of släppaintenotinte · particlemodifies släppasläppalet throughsläppa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with råkadeframforwardfram · adverbdepends on släppavattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of släppasåasså · adverbmodifies fortfortfastfort · adverbmodifies släppasomassom · pronounintroduces the clause of behövtsThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of behövtshadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of behövtsbehövtsbeen neededbehövts · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on släppaOn top of that there was a strong east wind, so that the sea water surged toward land and stood blocking the way for the Ström, when it wanted to carry the fresh water out into the Baltic.
Tillon top of thattill · prepositionintroduces the clause of östanväderpåon top ofpå · prepositionpreposition marking köpetköpeton top of thatköp · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase TillMost examples use the fixed idiom till/på köpet, meaning "on top of that", rather than the literal "the deal".
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to östanväderdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of östanväderstarktstrongstark · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies östanväderöstanvädereast windöstanväder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasesåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of vräkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vräktehavsvattnetthe seawaterhavsvatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of vräktevräktehurledvräka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on östanvädermottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of vräkteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vräktehindrandeblockinghindrande · noun, nominative, neuter, singularexpletive with stodiini · prepositionpreposition marking vägenvägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodförforför · prepositionpreposition marking StrömmenStrömmenthe StrömmenStrömmen · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of stodProper name for the central Stockholm waterway.
närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of föradenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of föravillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of föraföracarryföra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stodsötvattnetthe fresh watersötvattn · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of förautoutut · adverbdepends on föraiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking ÖstersjönÖstersjönthe Baltic SeaÖstersjön · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of utAnd since the rivers ceaselessly brought new water to Mälaren and the Ström could not manage to carry it away, there was nothing left for the great lake to do but rise over its banks.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationeftersomsinceeftersom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommoåarnathe riversåarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kommooupphörligenceaselesslyoupphörligen · adverbmodifies kommokommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencekommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vattennyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies vattenvattenwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommotilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking MälarenMälarenMälarenMälaren · proper noun, nominativemodifies vattenthe large lake near Stockholm.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationStrömmenthe StrömmenStrömmen · proper noun, nominativesubject of hannProper name for the central Stockholm waterway.
intenotinte · particlemodifies hannhannhad time tohann · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kommoFrom hinna, 'to have time' for something before it's too late.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of skaffainfinitive marker before a verb.
skaffato getskaffa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of hannbortawaybort · adverbdepends on skaffadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of skaffavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to intetdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with intetintetnothinginted · adverbmodifies annatannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hannförforför · prepositionpreposition marking sjöndenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sjönstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sjönweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
sjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hannatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göradogöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hannänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stigaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of stigainfinitive marker before a verb.
stigato risestiga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on göraöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking bräddarsinaitssig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of bräddarbräddarbanksbrädd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of stiga- 4
It rose very slowly, and as if unwilling to harm its beautiful shores.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardeterminer of stegstegrosestiga · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceOccurrences are the past tense of 'stiga' (to rise), not an imperative.
mycketverymycket · adverbmodifies långsamtlångsamtslowlylångsam · adverbmodifies stegochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationliksomas ifliksom · adverbintroduces the clause of ovilligovilligunwillingovillig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with stegatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of skadainfinitive marker before a verb.
skadaharmskada · verb, active, infinitivedepends on ovilligsinaitssig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of strändervackrabeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies strändersträndershoresstränd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of skada But since these are almost everywhere low and gently sloping, it did not take long before the water had reached several meters inland, and no more than that was needed to cause the greatest commotion.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsomsincesom · pronounintroduces the clause of lågaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
dessathesedenna · pronoun, pluralsubject of låganästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies överalltöverallteverywhereöverallt · adverbmodifies dessaäroareäro · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to lågaOld plural present tense of vara ('to be').
lågalowlåg · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlångsluttandegently slopinglångsluttande · adjective, nominative, comparativecoordinated with lågadröjdetake longdröja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of dröjdeintenotinte · particlemodifies dröjdelängelonglänge · adverbmodifies dröjdeförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies vattnetused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
vattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of hunnithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hunnithunnitreachedhinna · verb, active, supineparallel clause to dröjdefleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies metermetermetersmeter · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hunnitinåtintoinåt · prepositionpreposition marking landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hunnitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmermoremycket · adverbmodifies behövdesbehövdeswas neededbehöv · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with hunnitintenotinte · particlemodifies behövdesförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of vållaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vållainfinitive marker before a verb.
vållacausevålla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on behövdesdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of uppståndelsestörstabiggeststor · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies uppståndelseuppståndelsecommotionuppståndelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of vålla- 5
There is something peculiar about Mälaren.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of egetärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to egetnågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of egetegetownegen · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking MälarenMälarenMälarenmälar · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of egetLake Mälaren, near Stockholm.
It consists of nothing but narrow fjords, bays, and sounds.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of bestårbestårconsists ofbestå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceavofav · prepositionpreposition marking fjärdaridelnothing butidel · numeral, nominativepossessor of fjärdarmistagged as a numeral; it is the adjective/adverb 'idel' meaning 'nothing but, sheer'.
trånganarrowtrång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fjärdarfjärdarbaysfjärd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of bestårvikarbaysvik · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with bestårIn these examples 'vikar' is the plural noun 'bays', not the verb 'vika'; morphology tag is mistagged.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsundsound/straitsund · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with vikarNoun meaning a narrow sea channel; tagged as adjective.
Nowhere does it spread out into broad, storm-lashed surfaces.
Ingenstädesnowhereingenstädes · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of brederLiterary synonym of ingenstans.
brederspreadsbreda · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of brederutoutut · adverbdepends on bredervidabroadvid · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ytorstormpiskadestorm-lashedstormpiska · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ytorytorsurfacesyta · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of brederIt is as if it were created for nothing but pleasure trips and sailing outings and happy fishing catches.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of skapadärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to skapadsomas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skapadomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skapaddenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of skapadintenotinte · particlemodifies skapadvorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to skapadskapadmadeskapa · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasePast participle used adjectivally: 'created/made for'.
förforför · prepositionpreposition marking annatannatanything elseannan · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of skapadänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking lustfärderlustfärderpleasure tripslustfärder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of skapadochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsegelturersailing outingssegeltur · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with lustfärderochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgladagladglad · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fiskafängenfiskafängenfishing catchesfiskafäng · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with lustfärderAnd it owns so many lovely, tree-clad islands, islets, and headlands.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of ägerägerownsäga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies mångamångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ljuvligaljuvligalovelyljuvlig · adjective, nominative, pluraldirect object of ägerträdkläddatree-cladträdklädda · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies öaröarislandsöar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with ljuvligaholmarisletsholm · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with ljuvligaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationuddarpoints of landudda · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with ljuvligaNowhere does it show bare, desolate, wind-blasted shores.
Ingenstädesnowhereingenstädes · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of visarLiterary synonym of ingenstans.
visarshowsvisa · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of visaruppupupp · adverbdepends on visarnaknabarenakn · adjective, nominative, pluraldirect object of visarödsligadesolateödslig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with naknaförblåstawind-blastedförblåsta · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies strändersträndershoresstränd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with naknaIt is as if it had never imagined that its shores should bear anything but pleasure palaces, summer villas, manor houses, and places of amusement.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phraseärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to Detsomas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of tänktomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tänktdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of tänktaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies tänkthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänkttänktthoughttänka · verb, active, supineclausal complement of ärsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of tänktattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bäradetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of bäraskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bärabärato carrybära · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of tänktannatanything elseannan · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of bäraänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lustslottlustslottpleasure palacelustslott · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bärasommarvillorsummer villassommarvilla · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with lustslottherrgårdarmanor housesherrgård · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with lustslottochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförlustelseställenplaces of amusementförlustelseställ · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with lustslottBut it is perhaps for this very reason — because it usually shows itself so friendly and mild — that such a spectacle arises when it sometimes, in springtime, sets aside its smiling look and shows that it can turn dangerous in earnest.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with därförärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to därförkanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies därfördärförfor this very reasondärför · adverbhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of visardenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of visarvanligenusuallyvanligen · adverbmodifies visarvisarshowsvisa · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of därförsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of visarsåsoså · adverbmodifies vänligvänligfriendlyvänlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of visarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmildmildmild · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with vänligsomthatsom · pronounsubject of blirThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with visarsådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies spektakelspektakelspectaclespektakel · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of blirnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of läggerdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of läggeriblandsometimesibland · adverbmodifies läggeromifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of läggervårarnaspringsvårarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of läggerläggersets asidelägga · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on visaravofav · prepositionpreposition marking minendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of leendeleendesmileleende · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies minenminenlookmin · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of läggerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvisarshowsvisa · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with läggerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blidenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of blikancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of visarfarligdangerousfarlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blipåin earnestpå · prepositionpreposition marking allvarallvarin earnestallvar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of bli- 6
When it now seemed to want to bring about a flood, all the boats and dugout canoes that had been laid up on land during the winter were hastily caulked and tarred, so that they could be put to water as soon as possible.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tycktesdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of tycktesnunownu · adverbmodifies tycktestycktesseemedtycktes · verb, past, indicativeadverbial clause on ställaviljawillvilja · noun, nominative, common gender, singularauxiliary of ställaställato bring aboutställa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencetillcausetill · prepositiondepends on ställamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking översvämningenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of översvämningöversvämningfloodöversvämning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ställablevobecameblevo · verb, active, supinecoordinated with ställalemma should be bli 'to become'; blevo is the archaic plural past tense (they became).
allaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of båtarbåtarboatsbåt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of blevoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationekstockardugout canoesekstock · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with båtarsomthatsom · pronounsubject of upplagdaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of upplagdavaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to upplagdaupplagdalaid upupplagda · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on båtarpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of upplagdaunderduringunder · prepositionpreposition marking vinternvinternwintervinter · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of upplagdaihastilyi · prepositionpreposition marking tätadeallallall · determiner, common gender, singularpart of the phrase ihastin hastehast · adverbpart of the phrase itätadecaulkedtäta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blevoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtjärstruknatarredtjärstrukna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with tätadeförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of sättasatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sättasinfinitive marker before a verb.
kunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of sättassättasto be putsätta · verb, passive, infinitiveadverbial clause on tätadeitoi · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sättassåasså · adverbmodifies snartsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies sättassomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of möjligtmöjligtpossiblemöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on sättashalf the examples (ch01-p27, ch04-p30) use the fixed idiom 'allt möjligt' = 'all sorts of/everything', not the literal 'possible' sense used in the other two.
Washing docks were carried up onto land, and country road bridges were reinforced.
Tvättbryggornathe washing docksTvättbryggorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive fördesfördeswere carriedföra · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentenceuppupupp · adverbdepends on fördespåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fördesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlandsvägsbroarnathe road bridgeslandsvägsbroarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with landförstärkteswere reinforcedförstärktes · verb, past, indicative, passiveadverbial clause on fördesThe trackwalkers, whose job it was to watch over the stretches of railway that ran along the shore, walked back and forth on the embankment without pause and did not dare sleep, neither night nor day.
Banvakternathe railway guardsBanvakterna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasesomwhosom · pronounsubject of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Banvakternaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tillseinfinitive marker before a verb.
tillsewatch overtillse · prepositionadverbial clause on hadesådanasuchsån · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies järnvägssträckorjärnvägssträckorstretches of railwayjärnvägssträcka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of tillsesomthatsom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of löptelöpteranlöpte · verb, active, supineclause modifying järnvägssträckorutmedalongutmed · prepositionpreposition marking strandenstrandenshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of löptegingowentgingo · adjective, nominative, singularparallel clause to BanvakternaPast plural of 'gå' (to go/walk); mistagged as an adjective. Lemma should be 'gå'.
ständigtconstantlyständig · adverbmodifies framframforwardfram · adverbmodifies Banvakternaochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase framtillbakabacktillbaka · adverbcoordinated with frampåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking banvallenbanvallenthe railway embankmentbanvall · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of framochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvågadedaredvåga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with Banvakternaintenotinte · particlemodifies sovasovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of vågadevarkenneithervarken · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnattnightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sovaelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with natt- 7
Farmers who had hay or dry leaves stored in barns on the low islets hurried to bring it to safety on land.
Bönderfarmersbönder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of skyndadesomwhosom · pronounsubject of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Bönderhöhayhö · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtorrtdrytorr · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lövlövleaveslöv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with höförvaratstoredförvarat · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking ladorladorbarnslador · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of hadepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking holmarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of holmarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
lågalowlåg · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies holmarnaholmarnathe isletsholmarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies ladorskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of skaffainfinitive marker before a verb.
skaffato getskaffa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of skyndadedettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of skaffaiashorei · prepositionpreposition marking landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of skaffa The fishermen took up their fish traps and nets, so that these would not be washed away by the flood.
Fiskarnathe fishermenFiskare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasetogotooktogo · verb, past, indicative, activemodifies FiskarnaOld plural past tense of taga/ta ('to take').
uppupupp · adverbdepends on togosinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of ryssjorryssjorfish trapsryssja · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Fiskarnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgarnnetsgarn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with ryssjorförso thatför · prepositionintroduces the clause of bliattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase fördessathesedenna · pronoun, pluralsubject of bliintenotinte · particlemodifies bliskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying Fiskarnabortsköljdawashed awaybortsköljda · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of bliavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking översvämningenöversvämningenfloodöversvämning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bliAt the ferry landings there was a great crowding of travelers.
Vidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking färjeställenafärjeställenathe ferry landingsfärjeställena · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of myllrademyllradeteemedmyllra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of myllradeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking resanderesandetravelerresande · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of myllradeAll who needed to go home or away had to hurry, while they could still be sure the crossing would not be hindered.
Allaallall · pronoun, pluralsubject of skyndasomwhosom · pronounsubject of hemThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
skullehad toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hemhemhomehem · adverbrelative clause on Allaelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbortawaybort · adverbcoordinated with hemmåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of skyndaskyndato hurryskynda · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of skyndamedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of säkradetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of säkravorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying dearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
säkrasuresäker · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on skyndapåthatpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of bliattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bliöverfartenthe crossingöverfart · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bliintenotinte · particlemodifies bliskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on säkrahindradhinderedhindrad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bli- 8
In the Stockholm area, where the shores are lined with summer house after summer house, there prevailed nonetheless the worst haste of all.
Iini · prepositionpreposition marking StockholmstraktenStockholmstraktenthe Stockholm areaStockholmstrakten · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasedärtheredär · adverbmodifies kantadesträndernashoresstränd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kantadeäroareäro · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to kantadeArchaic present plural of 'vara' (to be); modern 'är'.
kantadelinedkanta · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on StockholmstraktenMistagged as an adjective; 'kantade' is the past tense/participle of 'kanta' (to border/line).
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sommarbostadsommarbostadsummer housesommarbostad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kantadevidaftervid · prepositionpreposition marking sommarbostadsommarbostadsummer housesommarbostad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sommarbostadråddeprevailedrå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kantadeändånonethelessändå · adverbmodifies råddedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of brådskanvärstaworstond · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies brådskanbrådskanhastebrådska · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of rådde Most of the villas stood high enough up on land that they were in no danger, but each of them had a boat dock and a bathhouse, and these had to be brought to safety.
Detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of villornaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
flestamostmången · adjective, nominative, plural, superlativemodifies villornavillornathe villasvillorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of lågolågolaylågo · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasemistagged as a noun; this is the archaic plural past tense of ligga 'to lie' (they lay).
nogenoughnog · adverbmodifies lågosåenoughså · adverbmodifies högthögthighhög · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies lågouppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies lågopåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of uppeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vorodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of vorointenotinte · particlemodifies vorovorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on lågoarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking faranågonnonågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of farafaradangerfara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vorosome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativecoordinated with lågoexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
juafter allju · adverbmodifies fannsbåtbryggaboat dockbåtbrygga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fannsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbadhusbathhousesbadhus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with fannsvidbyvid · prepositionpreposition marking varvareachvar · pronoun, common gender, singularmodifies badhus"var" is both the interrogative/relative adverb "where" and the past tense of vara ("was"); the parser conflated the two under one type.
ochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase varenoneman · pronoun, common gender, singularpart of the phrase varSurfaces are only "en"/"En" used as a counting pronoun ("en av dem" = "one of them"), not the indefinite generic pronoun man/en ("one does X"). Lemma is mistagged as man; it should be en (numeral pronoun "one"). Gloss "one" happens to still be correct.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies varochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdessathesedenna · pronoun, pluralsubject of passive förasmåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of förasförasbe broughtföra · verb, passive, infinitivecoordinated with lågoitoi · prepositionpreposition marking säkerhetsäkerhetsafetysäkerhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of föras- 9
But it was not only the people who found themselves in trouble because Mälaren began to rise over its banks.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of människornavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to människornaintenotinte · particlemodifies människornabarajustbara · adverbmodifies människornamänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasesomwhosom · pronounsubject of råkadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
råkadefound themselvesråka · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on människornaiini · prepositionpreposition marking bekymmerbekymmerworriesbekymmer · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of råkadedärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of börjadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därförMälarenLake MälarenMälaren · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on människornastigato risestiga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadeöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking bräddarsinaitssig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of bräddarbräddarbanksbrädd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of stiga The ducks that had laid their eggs among the shoreline bushes, the voles and shrews that lived along the shore and had small helpless young in their nests, were seized with the greatest anxiety.
ÄndernaducksÄnderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sorkarsomthatsom · pronounsubject of lagtThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lagtlagtlaidlägga · verb, active, supinerelative clause on Ändernasinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of äggäggeggsägg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of lagtinneamonginne · adverbmodifies lagtblandamongbland · prepositionpreposition marking strandbuskarnastrandbuskarnathe shoreline bushesstrandbusk · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of innesorkarvolessork · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnäbbmössshrewsnäbbmöss · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with sorkarsomthatsom · pronounsubject of boddeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
boddelivedbodde · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on sorkarutmedalongutmed · prepositionpreposition marking strandenstrandenshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of boddeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with boddesmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ungarhjälplösahelplesshjälplös · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ungarungaryoungunge · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking boetboetthe nestbo · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hadegreposwere seizedgrepos · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with boddeavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking ängslandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ängslanstörstabiggeststor · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies ängslanängslananxietyängsla · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies greposEven the proud swans felt uneasy that their nests and eggs might be destroyed.
Tilleventill · prepositionpreposition marking svanornaochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase Tillmedwithmed · prepositionpart of the phrase Tilldetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of svanornaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
stoltaproudstolt · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies svanornasvanornaswanssvanore · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kändekändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kändeoroligauneasyorolig · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of kändeförthatför · prepositionintroduces the clause of bliattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase förderastheirde · pronounpossessor of bonpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
bonnestsbo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of bliochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationäggeggägg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with bonskullemightskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kändeförstördadestroyedförstörd · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of bli- 10
And all these fears were not without cause, for with every moment that passed, Mälaren rose.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of farhågordessathesedenna · determiner, pluraldeterminer of farhågorfarhågorfearsfarhåga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of överflödigavorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies farhågorarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
intenotinte · particlemodifies överflödigaöverflödigagroundlessöverflödig · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasetyforty · conjunctionlinks the coordinationArchaic causal conjunction, equivalent to 'because/for'.
förwithför · prepositionpreposition marking stundvarwasvara · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundmistagged as a determiner; the surface 'var' here is the past tense of vara 'to be'.
stundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with överflödigasomthatsom · pronounsubject of gickThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
gickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on stundstegstepssteg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with stundMälarenMälarenMälaren · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with stundthe large lake near Stockholm.
- 11
The willows and alders that grew along the water's edge already had water high up their trunks.
Pilarnathe willowsPilarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationalarnathe aldersal · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Pilarnasomthatsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vuxovuxogrewvuxo · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to PilarnaVuxo is the historical plural past form of växa.
ialongi · prepositionpreposition marking strandbräddenstrandbräddenriverbankstrandbrädd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vuxohadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies vattnetvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadehögthighhög · adverbmodifies uppåtthis type bundles the positive, comparative, and superlative degree forms (högt, högre, högst) under one entry.
uppåtupwarduppåt · adverbmodifies hadestammarnathe trunksstamm · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of uppåt In the gardens the water had come in and was rearranging the vegetable beds in its own fashion, and in the rye fields that lay where it could reach them, it did the greatest damage.
Iini · prepositionpreposition marking trädgårdarnaträdgårdarnagardensträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of vattnetvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to vattnetvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseinnecome ininne · adverbmodifies vattnetochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstökaderearrangedstöka · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with vattnetomrearrangeom · prepositionpreposition marking stökadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking kryddlandenkryddlandenthe vegetable bedskryddland · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stökadepåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of sättpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
egetownegen · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stökadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiini · prepositionpreposition marking rågåkrardetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of rågåkrarSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
rågåkrarrye fieldsrågåkra · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with vattnetsomthatsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lågolågolaylågo · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to rågåkrarPast plural of 'ligga' (to lie); mistagged as a noun. Lemma should be 'ligga'.
såwhereså · adverbintroduces the clause of kommatillsituatedtill · prepositionpart of the phrase såattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of kommakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on lågoåtatåt · prepositiondepends on kommademthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of kommagjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on vattnetdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gjordedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skadastörstabiggeststor · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies skadaskadadamageskada · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gjorde- 12
The lake continued to rise for several days.
Sjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fortforfortforwent on/continuedfortfor · numeral, nominativehead of the phrasePast tense of 'fortfara' (to continue); mistagged as a numeral.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of stigainfinitive marker before a verb.
stigato risestiga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fortforunderforunder · prepositionpreposition marking darfleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dardardaysd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of stiga The marshy meadows around Gripsholm went under water, so that the great castle was separated from land not merely by a narrow moat, but by broad channels of water.
Detheen · determiner, pluralsubject of sankaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
sankamarshysanka · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of kommoängarnathe meadowsängarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies sankaomkringaroundomkring · adverbpreposition marking GripsholmGripsholmGripsholmGripsholm · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of kommoCastle on Lake Mälaren.
kommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencekommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
underunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking vattenvattenwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommosåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of skildesattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sådetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of slottetstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies slottetweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
slottetcastleslott · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of passive skildesskildeswas separatedskil · verb, past, indicative, passiveadverbial clause on kommofrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of skildesintenotinte · particlemodifies gravbarajustbara · adverbmodifies gravavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking gravenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gravsmalnarrowsmal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gravgravmoatgrav · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skildesgrav can mean either a burial grave or a moat, depending on context.
utanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
avbyav · prepositionpreposition marking sundbredabroadbred · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sundsundsound/straitsund · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with gravNoun meaning a narrow sea channel; tagged as adjective.
In Strängnäs the beautiful shore promenade was turned into a rushing stream, and in Västerås people made ready to travel by boat along the streets.
Iini · prepositionpreposition marking SträngnäsSträngnäsSträngnäsSträngnäs · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of förvandladesförvandladeswas turnedförvandla · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of strandpromenadenvackrabeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies strandpromenadenstrandpromenadenthe shore promenadestrandpromenad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive förvandladestillintotill · prepositionpreposition marking strömenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of forsandeforsanderushingforsa · adjective, nominativemodifies strömströmstreamström · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förvandladesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiini · prepositionpreposition marking VästeråsVästeråsVästeråsVästerås · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of bereddebereddemade readyberedde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with förvandladesmanpeopleman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bereddesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of bereddepåtopå · prepositionintroduces the clause of färdasatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of färdasinfinitive marker before a verb.
fåhave tofå · verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of färdasfärdastravelfärda · verb, passive, infinitiveadverbial clause on bereddeibyi · prepositionpreposition marking båtbåtboatbåt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of färdasframåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies färdasgatornastreetsgata · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of färdasA pair of elk that had wintered on an islet in Mälaren found their standing ground put underwater and came swimming toward land.
Ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies älgarälgarmooseälg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fåttsomthatsom · pronounsubject of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on älgarövervintratwinteredövervintrat · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking holmeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of holmeholmeisletholme · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadeioni · prepositionpreposition marking MälarenMälarenMälarenMälaren · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of hadethe large lake near Stockholm.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttfåttfoundfå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceståndplatsenthe standing groundståndplatse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to fåttunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking vattenvattenwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sattkommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
simmandeswimmingsimma · adjective, nominativecomplement of kommomottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommoWhole woodpiles, masses of logs and boards, a great many brewing vats and tubs had come adrift, and everywhere people were out in their boats to salvage what they could.
Helawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies vedupplagvedupplagwoodpilesvedupplag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkatmassormasses/lotsmassa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralin apposition to vedupplagavofav · prepositionpreposition marking stockarstockarlogsstock · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies massorochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbräderboardsbräder · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with stockarenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of mängdmängda great manymängd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bryggkarbryggkarbrewing vatsbryggk · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with vedupplagThis parser bucket mixes plural bryggkar in ch42-p50-s2 with singular ett ... bryggkar in ch42-p56-s1; the plural-only gloss is wrong for the latter.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåartubssåar · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with bryggkarhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkatråkatcomeråka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceiadrifti · prepositionpreposition marking driftdriftadriftdrift · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of råkatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationöverallteverywhereöverallt · adverbmodifies människorvorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies människorarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
människorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with råkatuteoutsideute · adverbmodifies människoriini · prepositionpreposition marking båtarsinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of båtarbåtarboatsbåt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of uteförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of bärgaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bärgainfinitive marker before a verb.
bärgasalvagebärga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on människor- 13
During this hard time it happened that Smirre Fox came one day slinking through a birch grove that lay some distance north of Mälaren.
Underduringunder · prepositionpreposition marking tiddennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidsvåradifficultsvår · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of händehändehappenedhände · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of händeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komSmirreSmirresmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativepossessor of rävName of Smirre the fox; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a comparative adjective.
rävfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase attenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on händesmygandecreepingsmygande · adjective, nominativedirect object of komgenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking björkdungeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of björkdungebjörkdungebirch grovebjörkdunge · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komsomthatsom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
låglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on björkdungeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of styckestyckepiecestycke · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of lågnorrnorthnorr · adverbmodifies lågomofom · prepositionpreposition marking MälarenMälarenMälarenmälar · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of lågLake Mälaren, near Stockholm.
He walked along as usual, thinking about the wild geese and Thumbietot, and wondering how he was to go about finding them, for he had entirely lost the trail.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesomassom · adverbmodifies gickAdverbial/conjunctive use of som ('as/just as'), distinct from its usual relative-pronoun sense.
vanligtusualvanlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies gickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickpåaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tänkteattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with vildgässenthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationundradewonderedundra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tänktehurhowhur · adverbmodifies bärahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bäraskullewas toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bärabärato carrybära · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of undradesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bäraåtabout itåt · prepositiondepends on bäraförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of finnaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of finnainfinitive marker before a verb.
finnafindfinna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on bärademthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of finnaförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of tappathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tappathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tappatalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies tappattappatlosttappa · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on gickspårettrack/tracespår · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of tappat- 14
When he was walking along feeling at his most discouraged, he caught sight of Agar the carrier pigeon, who had settled on a birch twig.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gickhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gicksighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of gicksomat hissom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of modlösvärstmostvärst · adverbmodifies modlösmodlösdownheartedmodlös · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of gickfickcaught sightfå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ficksynsightsyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking AgarAgarAgarAg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of fickProper name of the carrier pigeon; not a plural common noun.
sändeduvacarrier pigeonsändeduva · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ficksomwhosom · pronounsubject of slagitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slagitslagitsettledslå · verb, active, supinerelative clause on sändeduvasigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of slagitnerdownner · adverbmodifies slagitpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking björkkvistenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of björkkvistbjörkkvistbirch twigbjörkkvist · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slagit "How splendid, Agar, that I should meet you," said Smirre.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with förträffligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to förträffligtförträffligtsplendidförträfflig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseAgarAgarAg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with förträffligtProper name of the carrier pigeon; not a plural common noun.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of råkadejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkaderåkademetråka · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on förträffligtdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of råkadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to förträffligtSmirreSmirreSmirre · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sadeProper name of the fox; mistagged as a common noun plural.
"Perhaps you can tell me where Akka from Kebnekaise and her flock are staying nowadays."
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of törhändakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of törhändatörhändaperhapstörhända · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivedepends on törhändamigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of sägavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeintroduces the clause of AkkaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativeclausal complement of sägaproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
frånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking KebnekajseKebnekajseKebnekaiseKebnekajse · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of Akkaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhennesherhon · pronounpossessor of flockpossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
flockflockflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hållerhållerkeepshålla · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to törhändatillstayingtill · prepositiondepends on hållernunownu · adverbmodifies hållerförnowadaysför · prepositionpreposition marking tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of håller— "It's quite possible that I know where they are," said Agar, "but I certainly won't tell you."
Nogquitenog · adverbmodifies möjligtärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to möjligtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with möjligtmöjligtpossiblemöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasehalf the examples (ch01-p27, ch04-p30) use the fixed idiom 'allt möjligt' = 'all sorts of/everything', not the literal 'possible' sense used in the other two.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vetjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on möjligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ärdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ärärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of vetsadesaidsaa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with möjligtlemma should be säga 'to say'; sade/sa are its past-tense forms.
AgarAgarAg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sadeProper name of the carrier pigeon; not a plural common noun.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies talalärcertainly won'tlära · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of talajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talatalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sadeomtellom · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of talaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tala— "It could be all the same," said Smirre, "if you would only pass on a greeting that I have for them.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with detsammakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of detsammaocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies detsammavarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to detsammadetsammathe samedensamma · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to detsammaSmirreSmirresmirre · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeproper name, kept unglossed/unchanged.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of framföraduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of framförabarajustbara · adverbmodifies framföravillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of framföraframförapass alongframföra · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of sadeused of conveying a greeting or message.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hälsninghälsninggreetinghälsning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of framförasomthatsom · pronoundirect object of harThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on hälsningtillfortill · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of harYou know well enough how badly things stand at Mälaren these days.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevälwellväl · adverbmodifies vethurhowhur · adverbmodifies illaillabadlyilla · adverbclausal complement of vetdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to vettillaretill · prepositiondepends on stårvidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking MälarenMälarenLake Mälarenmälar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stårithese daysi · prepositionpreposition marking dagarnadetheseen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of dagarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
härherehär · adverbpart of the phrase dedagarnadaysdag · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies MälarenThere's a great flood there, and the many swan-folk who live at Hjälstaviken are having their nests and eggs destroyed.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of översvämningärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to översvämningstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies översvämningöversvämningfloodöversvämning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasedärtheredär · adverbmodifies översvämningochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of svanfolketmycknamanymyckna · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies svanfolketsvanfolketswan-folksvanfolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with översvämningsomwhosom · pronounsubject of borThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
borlivesbo · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on svanfolketiati · prepositionpreposition marking HjälstavikenHjälstavikenHjälstavikenHjälstaviken · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of borhållerkeepshålla · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to översvämningpåhavingpå · prepositiondepends on hålleratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fåhavefå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hållersinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of bonbonnestsbo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of fåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationäggeggägg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with fåförstördadestroyedförstörd · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of fåBut Dagaklar, the swan king, has heard tell of that youngster who travels with the wild geese and who can find a remedy for anything, and he has sent me to ask Akka whether she will come down to Hjälstaviken with Thumbietot."
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationDagaklarDagaklarDagaklar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive talassvankungenswan kingsvankung · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Dagaklarharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of talashörtheardhöra · verb, active, supineauxiliary of talastalasto be talked abouttala · verb, passive, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceIdiom hört talas om = 'heard tell of.'
omofom · prepositionpreposition marking parvelndenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of parvelndärtheredär · adverbmodifies parvelnparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talassomwhosom · pronounsubject of följerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
följerfollowsfölja · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on parvelnmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of följerattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsomwhosom · pronounsubject of rådaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of rådarådato remedyråda · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with parvelnbotremedybot · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of rådaförforför · prepositionpreposition marking alltingalltingeverythingallting · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of botochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skickatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of skickatskickatsentskickat · verb, active, supinecoordinated with rådamigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of skickatförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of frågaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of frågainfinitive marker before a verb.
frågaquestionfråga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies AkkaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of skickatproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skickatnerdownner · adverbdepends on kommatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking HjälstavikenHjälstavikenHjälstavikenHjälstaviken · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of kommamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking TummetottTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of kommathe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
- 15
"I can certainly pass on the greeting," said Agar.
Nogcertainlynog · adverbmodifies framförakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of framförajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of framföraframförapass alongframföra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceused of conveying a greeting or message.
hälsningengreetinghälsning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of framförasadesaidsaa · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to framföralemma should be säga 'to say'; sade/sa are its past-tense forms.
AgarAgarAg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sadeProper name of the carrier pigeon; not a plural common noun.
"But I don't understand how the little youngster could possibly help the swans."
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies förstårförstårunderstand(s)förstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstårhurhowhur · adverbmodifies hjälpadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of parvelnlillalittleliten · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies parvelnparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hjälpaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hjälpakunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of hjälpahjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of förstårsvanornaswanssvanore · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hjälpa— "I don't understand that either," said Smirre.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of förstårförstårunderstand(s)förstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies förstårjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstårhellereitherheller · adverbmodifies förstårsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to förstårSmirreSmirreSmirre · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sadeProper name of the fox; mistagged as a common noun plural.
"But he can manage to bring off anything at all, it seems."
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåjuit seemsju · adverbmodifies gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceioffi · prepositionpreposition marking landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gåmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vadvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of gåsomeversom · conjunctionpart of the phrase vadhelstat allgärna · adverbpart of the phrase vadType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
— "It also surprises me that Dagaklar sends his greetings to the geese by way of a fox," objected Agar.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of förvånarförvånarsurprisesförvåna · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of förvånarocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies förvånarattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skickarDagaklarDagaklarDagaklar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of skickarProper name of the swan king character, mistagged as a common noun.
skickarsendsskicka · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of förvånarsinahissig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of hälsningarhälsningargreetingshälsning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of skickartilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking gässengässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skickargässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking rävenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rävrävfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skickarinvändeobjectedinvände · adjective, nominativemodifies AgarAgarAgarAg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of skickarProper name of the carrier pigeon; not a plural common noun.
— "You're quite right that we're otherwise enemies," said Smirre in a mild voice.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenogquitenog · adverbmodifies harrättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of harithati · prepositionintroduces the clause of fienderattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fienderviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fienderärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to fienderfienderenemiesfiende · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraladverbial clause on harannarsotherwiseannars · adverbmodifies fiendersadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to harSmirreSmirreSmirre · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sadeProper name of the fox; mistagged as a common noun plural.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking röstmildmildmild · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies röströstvoiceröst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sade"But when there's such great need at hand, one must be willing to help one another.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of nöddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of nödärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to nödsåsuchså · adverbmodifies storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies nödnöddistressnöd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on fårpåat handpå · prepositionpreposition marking färdefärdeafootfärde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies nödArchaic noun surviving only in the idiom 'fara å färde', 'danger afoot/about'.
fårmustfå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fårlovmustlov · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fåratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hjälpainfinitive marker before a verb.
hjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fårvarandraeach othervarandra · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of hjälpaYou may in any case refrain from telling Akka that you got the greeting through a fox, for she's rather suspicious by nature, I should think."
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låtakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of låtaiin any casei · prepositionpreposition marking fallallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fallfallcasesfall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of låtalåtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låtaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sägainfinitive marker before a verb.
sägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on bliAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativecomplement of låtaproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fickduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickgotfå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on låtahälsningengreetinghälsning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickgenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking rävenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rävrävfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fickförforför · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of fickärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to intenograthernog · adverbmodifies inteintenotinte · particlemodifies låtautanbut ratherutan · conjunctiondepends on låtafollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of misstänksamhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of misstänksamärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to misstänksammisstänksamsuspiciousmisstänksam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on låtaavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of misstänksam- 16
THE SWANS OF HJÄLSTAVIKEN.
SVANORNATHE SWANSSVANORNA · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseIofi · prepositionpreposition marking HJÄLSTAVIKENHJÄLSTAVIKENHJÄLSTAVIKENHJÄLSTAVIKEN · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of SVANORNA - 17
The safest refuge for waterfowl to be found in the whole Mälaren region is Hjälstaviken, which is the innermost part of Ekolsundsviken, which in turn is a branching-off of Norra Björköfjärden, which is the second largest of the long bays that Mälaren sends inland toward Uppland.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tillflyktsorttryggastesafesttrygg · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies tillflyktsorttillflyktsortrefugetillflyktsort · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Hjälstavikenförforför · prepositionpreposition marking simfåglarsimfåglarwaterfowlsimfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies tillflyktsortsomthatsom · pronounsubject of finnsThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
finnsis foundfinnas · verb, present, indicativerelative clause on simfåglariini · prepositionpreposition marking Mälartraktenhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies MälartraktenMälartraktenMälaren regionmälartrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of finnsärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to HjälstavikenHjälstavikenHjälstavikenHjälstaviken · proper noun, nominativesubject of sändersomwhichsom · pronounsubject of delenThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to delendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of deleninnerstainnermostinnerst · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies delendelenpartdel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on Hjälstavikenavofav · prepositionpreposition marking EkolsundsvikenEkolsundsvikenEkolsund BayEkolsundsviken · proper noun, nominativemodifies delensomwhichsom · pronounsubject of utvikningThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
återigenagainåterig · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies utvikningThis is the adverb återigen 'again', mistagged as a noun.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to utvikningenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of utvikningutvikningbranching-offutvikning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on delenavofav · prepositionpreposition marking BjörköfjärdenNorraNorthernNorra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies BjörköfjärdenBjörköfjärdenBjörköfjärdenBjörköfjärden · proper noun, nominativemodifies utvikningsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of störstaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to störstadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of störstanästsecondnäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies störstastörstabiggeststor · adjective, nominative, superlativerelative clause on delenavofav · prepositionpreposition marking bukterdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of bukterSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
långalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bukterbukterbaysbukt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralagent of störstaMälarenLake Mälarenmälar · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldepends on Hjälstavikensändersendssända · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceavoffav · prepositiondepends on sänderinåtinto/inwardinåt · adverbmodifies UpplandUpplandUpplandUppland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of sänder - 18
Hjälstaviken has flat shores, shallow water, and a great many reed thickets, quite like Tåkern.
HjälstavikenHjälstavikenhjälstavik · proper noun, nominativesubject of stränderharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of stränderflackaflatflacka · verb, active, infinitivemodifies strändersträndershoresstränd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasegruntshallowgrunt · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies vattenvattenwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularin apposition to stränderochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of mängdmängda great manymängd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vassruggarvassruggarreed thicketsvassrugg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with vattenalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies Tåkernsomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of TåkernTåkernTåkernTåkern · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to stränderProper name of a lake.
It is nowhere near as large as that famous bird lake, but it is nevertheless an excellent bird home, because it has been under protection for many years now.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of storärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to storintenotinte · particlemodifies storpånowhere nearpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of storlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies stornärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase långtsåasså · adverbmodifies storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fågelsjöndenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fågelsjönryktbarafamousryktbar · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies fågelsjönfågelsjönthe bird lakefågelsjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on stormenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of fågelhemärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to fågelhemändåneverthelessändå · adverbmodifies fågelhemettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of fågelhemförträffligtsplendidförträfflig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies fågelhemfågelhembird homefågelhem · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with stordärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of fridlystattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därfördenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of fridlystärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to fridlystfridlystprotectedfridlysa · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on fågelhemsedanforsedan · prepositionpreposition marking mångaAlso glossed as preposition (since/for/ago), but example ch03-p30-s3 ('Han följde sedan barnen...') uses sedan adverbially to mean 'then/afterward', a sense the original senses list omitted.
mångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies åråryearsår · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of fridlysttillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies årIt is, namely, a haunt for a great swan-folk, and the owner of the old manor of Ekolsund, which lies nearby, has forbidden all hunting on the bay, so that the swans might not be disturbed or troubled.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of tillhållärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to tillhållnämligenfornämligen · adverbmodifies tillhållExplanatory connective, not the literal 'namely' in most narrative uses.
ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of tillhålltillhållhaunttillhåll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseförforför · prepositionpreposition marking svanfolkettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of svanfolkstortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies svanfolksvanfolkswan-folksvanfolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of tillhållochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationägarenownerägare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase ochavofav · prepositionpreposition marking kungsgårdendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kungsgårdengamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies kungsgårdenkungsgårdenroyal estatekungsgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ägarenEkolsundEkolsundEkolsund · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with tillhållsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of liggerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
liggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on Ekolsundinearbyi · prepositionmodifies liggernärhetenvicinitynärhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of förbjuditförbjuditforbiddenförbjudit · verb, active, supinecoordinated with tillhållallallall · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of jaktjakthuntingjakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of förbjuditpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking vikenvikenbayvik · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies jaktförso thatför · prepositionintroduces the clause of bliattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bliintenotinte · particlemodifies svanornasvanornaswanssvanore · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies skolaskolashallskola · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on förbjuditstördadisturbedstörd · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of bliochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationoroadetroubledoroa · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with störda- 19
As soon as Akka had received word that the swan-folk needed her help, she had hastened to set off for Hjälstaviken.
Såasså · adverbmodifies Akkasnartsoonsnart · adverbpart of the phrase SåAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of fåttproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttfåttreceivedfå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencehälsningengreetinghälsning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåttattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of behövdesvanfolketswan-folksvanfolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of behövdebehövdeneeded tobehöva · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activedepends on fåtthennesherhon · pronounpossessor of hjälppossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
hjälphelphjälp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of behövdehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skyndathonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skyndatskyndathurriedskynda · verb, active, supinecoordinated with fåttatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of begeinfinitive marker before a verb.
begeset offbege · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skyndatUsed reflexively, bege sig, "to betake oneself, set off".
sigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of begetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking HjälstavikenHjälstavikenHjälstavikenHjälstaviken · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of bege She arrived there with the flock one evening and saw at once that grievous misfortunes had occurred there.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedittheredit · adverbmodifies kommedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking flockenflockenflockflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kvällkvälleveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kompast tense of se, 'to see.'
genastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies sågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadedärtheredär · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on komtimatoccurredtimat · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadesvåradifficultsvår · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies olyckorolyckormisfortunesolycka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hadeThe great swan nests had been torn loose from their moorings and were drifting across the bay in the strong wind.
Detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of svanbonaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
storabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies svanbonasvanbonathe swan nestssvanbona · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencelösrycktatorn looselösryckt · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of blivitfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking fästensinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of fästenfästenmooringsfäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blivitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdrevowere driftingdrevo · verb, imperative, activecoordinated with blivitiini · prepositionpreposition marking blåstendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of blåstenstarkastrongstark · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies blåstenblåstenwindblåst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of drevoframforwardfram · adverbmodifies drevoöveracrossöver · prepositionpreposition marking vikenvikenbayvik · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of drevoSome had already fallen apart, a couple had capsized, and the eggs that had been in them lay gleaming on the lake bottom.
Någrasomenågon · pronoun, pluralsubject of fallithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fallitredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies fallitfallitfallenfalla · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesönderapart/brokensönder · adverbdepends on fallitettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vältvältcapsizedvält · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with fallitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationäggeneggsägg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with vältsomthatsom · pronounsubject of passive funnitsThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of funnitsfunnitsexisted/been foundfunnits · verb, passive, supinerelative clause on äggeniini · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of funnitslågolaylågo · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with demmistagged as a noun; this is the archaic plural past tense of ligga 'to lie' (they lay).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblänktegleamedblänkte · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with demPast tense of 'blänka' (to gleam), mislabeled as a noun.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sjöbottnensjöbottnenlake bottomsjöbottn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies blänkte- 20
When Akka came down into the bay, all the swans who lived there were gathered over by the eastern shore, where they were best sheltered from the wind.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slogAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of slogproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
slogcame downslå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on samladeLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
nerdownner · adverbdepends on slogiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking vikenvikenbayvik · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slogvorowerevoro · verb, imperative, activedepends on svanorOld plural past tense of vara ('to be'), mistagged here as imperative.
allaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of svanorsvanorswanssvana · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with slogsomwhosom · pronounsubject of boddeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
boddelivedboda · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on svanordärtheredär · adverbmodifies boddesamladegatheredsamla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebortaover byborta · adverbmodifies samladevidbyvid · prepositionpreposition marking strandenöstraeasternöster · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies strandenstrandenshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of samladedärtheredär · adverbmodifies skyddadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of skyddadevorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying dearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
bästbestbra · adverbmodifies skyddadeskyddadeshelteredskyddad · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on strandenmotfrommot · prepositionpreposition marking vindenvindenwindvind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skyddadevind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form.
Although they had suffered greatly from the flood, they were far too proud to show any grief.
Fastänalthoughfastän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of liditdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of lidithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of liditliditsufferedlidi · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencemycketgreatlymycket · adverbmodifies liditavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking översvämningenöversvämningenfloodöversvämning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of liditvorowerevoro · verb, imperative, activecoordinated with liditOld plural past tense of vara ('to be'), mistagged here as imperative.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of stoltaalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies stoltaförtooför · prepositionmodifies stoltastoltaproudstolta · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of voroatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of visainfinitive marker before a verb.
visato showvisa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stoltanågonanynågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sorgsorgsorrowsorg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of visa"It's not worth grieving over," they said.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with värtärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to värtintenotinte · particlemodifies värtvärtworthvärd · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sörjainfinitive marker before a verb.
sörjagrieving oversörja · verb, active, infinitivedepends on värtsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with värtdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sade"There are plenty of root-stalks and reed shoots.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsfinnsthere arefinnas · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentencegottplentygott · adverbmodifies finnsomofom · prepositionpreposition marking rottågorrottågorroot strandsrottåga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of finnsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstjälkarstalksstjälka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with rottågorWe can soon build ourselves new nests."
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of byggakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of byggasnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies byggabyggato buildbygga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of bygganyanewny · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bonbonnestsbo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of byggaNot one of them had had the thought of calling in a stranger to help, and they had no idea that Smirre had sent for the wild geese.
Ingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of haftavofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies Ingenhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tanketankethoughttanke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haftpåofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of kallaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kallainfinitive marker before a verb.
kallacoldkalla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on haftMislemmatized: both examples ('det kalla nattkvarteret', 'i den kalla marsnatten') show the definite/inflected adjective 'kall' ('cold'), not the verb kalla ('to call'). Gloss corrected to match the attested adjective use.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of främmandefrämmandestrangefrämmande · adjective, nominativedirect object of kallatillto helptill · prepositionpreposition marking hjälphjälphelphjälp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kallaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with haftintenotinte · particlemodifies hadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of aninganingideaaning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeomofom · prepositionintroduces the clause of skickatattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skickatSmirreSmirresmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativesubject of skickatName of Smirre the fox; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a comparative adjective.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skickatskickatsentskickat · verb, active, supineclause modifying aningefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skickatattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
- 21
There were several hundred of them, and they had arranged themselves by rank and order: the young and inexperienced at the outer edge of the circle, the old and wise farther in.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of hundraSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hundraarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
fleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hundrahundrahundredhundra · numeral, nominativesubject of lagtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of lagthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lagtlagtlaidlägga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of lagtefterbyefter · prepositionpreposition marking rangrangrankrang · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lagtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationordningorderordning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with rangdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ungaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
ungayoungung · adjective, nominative, pluralparallel clause to lagtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationoerfarnathe inexperiencedoerfarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with ungaytterstat the very edgeytterst · adverbmodifies lagtiini · prepositionpreposition marking kretsenkretsencirclekrets · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ytterstdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of gamlaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
gamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralparallel clause to lagtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvisato showvisa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gamlalängrefartherlänge · adverbmodifies inininin · adverbmodifies visa Innermost of all lay Dagaklar, the swan king, and Snöfrid, the swan queen, who were older than all the others and counted most of the swan-folk as their own descendants.
Allraof allallra · adverbmodifies lågo"Most of all" only fits "allra ondast" (angriest of all); in "allra vackraste," "allra tunnaste," and "allra förskräckligaste" allra intensifies the following superlative and renders as "very" (the very loveliest/thinnest/worst).
innerstinnermostinnerst · adverbmodifies lågolågolaylågo · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies DagaklarPast plural of 'ligga' (to lie); mistagged as a noun. Lemma should be 'ligga'.
DagaklarDagaklarDagaklar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraseProper name of the swan king character, mistagged as a common noun.
svankungenswan kingsvankung · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Dagaklarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationSnöfridSnöfridSnöfrid · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with DagaklarName of the swan queen.
svandrottningenthe swan queensvandrottning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Dagaklarsomwhosom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of äldrevorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies äldrearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
äldreoldergammal · adjective, nominative, comparativerelative clause on Dagaklaränthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of andraallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andradetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andraSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraothersannan · pronoun, pluralcoordinated with äldreochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationräknadecountedräkna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with äldredetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of flestaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
flestamostmången · adjective, nominative, plural, superlativedirect object of räknadeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking svanfolketsvanfolketswan-folksvanfolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularagent of räknadesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of avkomlingarsinatheir ownsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of avkomlingaravkomlingardescendantsavkomling · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of räknade- 22
Dagaklar and Snöfrid could tell of the days when swans of their line lived nowhere wild in Sweden, but existed only as tame birds in castle moats and ponds.
DagaklarDagaklarDagaklar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of talaProper name of the swan king character, mistagged as a common noun.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationSnöfridSnöfridSnöfrid · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with DagaklarName of the swan queen.
kundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of talatalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceomofom · prepositionpreposition marking dagardetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of dagarSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
dagardaysdag · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of taladåwhendå · adverbmodifies levdesvanorswanssvana · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of levdeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking stamderastheirde · pronounpossessor of stampossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
stamlinestam · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies svanorintenotinte · particlemodifies levdelevdelivedleva · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on dagarvildawildvild · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on levdenågonstanssomewherenågonstans · adverbmodifies levdeiini · prepositionpreposition marking SverigeSverigeSwedenSverige · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of någonstansutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
endastonlyendast · adverbmodifies funnosfunnosthere werefunnos · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with talathis is the archaic plural past tense of finnas ('to exist'), not a noun.
somassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tamatamatametama · proper noun, nominativeclause modifying funnosiini · prepositionpreposition marking slottsgravarslottsgravarcastle moatsslottsgravar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies tamaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdammarpondsdamm · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with slottsgravar - 23
But then a pair of swans had escaped their captivity and settled at Hjälstaviken, and from these two all the swans that lived there were descended.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of svanparsvanparpair of swanssvanpar · adjective, nominative, singularsubject of hadefaritescapedfarit · verb, active, supinecomplement of hadech21-p8-s2 refers specifically to geese having flown westward; the generic proposed sense 'gone' discards the motion expressed in the studio translation. ch25-p44-s2 is 'escaped'.
bortawaybort · adverbmodifies fariturout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking fångenskapenfångenskapencaptivityfångenskap · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of faritochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslagitsettledslå · verb, active, supinecoordinated with hadesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of slagitnerdownner · adverbmodifies slagitiati · prepositionpreposition marking HjälstavikenHjälstavikenHjälstavikenHjälstaviken · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of slagitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking härstammadedessathesedenna · determiner, pluraldeterminer of tvåtvåtwotvå · numeral, nominativequantifies härstammadehärstammadewere descendedhärstamma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hadeallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of svanordetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of svanorSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
svanorswanssvana · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies härstammadesomwhosom · pronounsubject of boddeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
boddelivedbodde · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on svanordärtheredär · adverbmodifies bodde Nowadays there was wild swan-folk in many of the Mälaren bays, as well as in Tåkern and Lake Hornborga.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies fannsförnowadaysför · prepositionpreposition marking tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Nufannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsviltwildvilt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies svanfolksvanfolkswan-folksvanfolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of fannsiini · prepositionpreposition marking mångamångamanymången · pronoun, pluralmodifies svanfolkavofav · prepositionpreposition marking MälarvikarnaMälarvikarnathe Mälaren baysMälarvikarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies mångaliksomas well asliksom · prepositionintroduces the clause of Tåkerniini · prepositionpreposition marking TåkernTåkernTåkernTåkern · proper noun, nominativeclause modifying Mälarvikarnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationHornborgasjönLake HornborgaHornborgasjön · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with TåkernAll these settlers had come from Hjälstaviken, and the swans who lived there were very proud that their line had thus spread from lake to lake.
Allaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of nybyggaredessathesedenna · determiner, pluraldeterminer of nybyggarenybyggaresettlersnybyggare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of stoltavorowerevoro · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activedepends on nybyggareArchaic plural past tense of vara ("to be").
komnahad comekomna · pronoun, pluralclause modifying nybyggarefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking HjälstavikenHjälstavikenHjälstavikenHjälstaviken · proper noun, nominativemodifies komnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsvanornaswanssvanore · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with komnasomwhosom · pronounsubject of boddeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
boddelivedboda · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on svanornadärtheredär · adverbmodifies boddevorowerevoro · verb, imperative, activecopula linking to stoltaOld plural past tense of vara ('to be'), mistagged here as imperative.
mycketverymycket · adverbmodifies stoltastoltaproudstolta · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseöverthatöver · prepositionintroduces the clause of utbreddeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of utbreddederastheirde · pronounpossessor of ättpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
ättlineageätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of utbreddesålundathussålunda · adverbmodifies utbreddeutbreddespread oututbreda · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on stoltasigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of utbreddefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking sjösjölakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utbreddetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking sjösjölakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utbredde- 24
The wild geese had happened to land on the western shore, but when Akka saw where the swans lay, she began at once to swim toward them.
Vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässen · proper noun, nominativesubject of råkathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkatråkathappened toråka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceslålandslå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of råkatnerdownner · adverbdepends on slåvidonvid · prepositionpreposition marking strandenvästrawesternvästr · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies strandenstrandenshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slåmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of sågproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
sågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on lågopast tense of se, 'to see.'
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to lågosvanornaswanssvanore · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of lågolågolaylågo · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with råkatmistagged as a noun; this is the archaic plural past tense of ligga 'to lie' (they lay).
börjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to råkathonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadegenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies börjadesimmaswimsimma · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadeframforwardfram · adverbdepends on simmaemottowardemot · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of fram She herself was greatly astonished that they had sent for her, but she considered it an honor and would not for a moment neglect to assist them.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förvånadvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to förvånadsjälvherselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase varmycketgreatlymycket · adverbmodifies förvånadförvånadastonishedförvåna · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseöverthatöver · prepositionintroduces the clause of säntattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of säntdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sänthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of säntsäntsentsänt · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on förvånadefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of säntmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllhöllconsideredhålla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with förvånaddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of höllförasför · prepositionpreposition marking hederenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hederhederhonorhed · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of höllMislemmatized as 'hed' (heath); the word is actually 'heder' (honor/credit), unrelated to heath.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ögonblickintenotinte · particlemodifies ögonblickettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ögonblickögonblickmomentögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of försummaförsummaneglectförsumma · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with höllatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of biståinfinitive marker before a verb.
biståto helpbistå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försummademthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of bistå- 25
When Akka came near the swans, she paused to make sure that the geese following her swam forward in a straight line and at even intervals.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of komproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
komcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hejdadeineari · prepositionpreposition marking svanornanärhetenvicinitynärhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iavofav · prepositionpreposition marking svanornasvanornaswanssvanore · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of komhejdadestoppedhejda · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hejdadesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of hejdadeförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of seatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hejdadeeftercheckefter · prepositiondepends on seattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gässengässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of segässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
somthatsom · pronounsubject of följdeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
följdefollowedfölja · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on gässenhenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of följdesummoswamsummo · adverbcoordinated with följdeArchaic plural past tense of 'simma' (they swam), despite the adverb tag.
framforwardfram · adverbmodifies summoiini · prepositionpreposition marking linjerakstraightrak · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies linjelinjelinelinje · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of framochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking mellanrumjämnaeven/leveljämn · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies mellanrummellanrumintervalsmellanrum · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with linje "Swim on now, briskly and well!" she said.
Simmaswimsimma · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies Simmapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking rasktrasktquicklyrask · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies Simmaneuter form used adverbially, 'raskt' = briskly/quickly.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvälwellväl · adverbcoordinated with Simmasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade"Don't look at the swans as though you'd never seen anything beautiful before, and pay no mind to whatever they say to you!"
Tittalook!titta · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies Tittapåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking svanornasvanornaswanssvanore · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of Tittasomassom · pronounintroduces the clause of settThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of settniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
aldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies settskullehadskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of setthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on Tittanågotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies vackertvackertbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies förrförrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies settochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbryto trouble oneselfbry · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with setteryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of bryintenotinte · particlemodifies bryommindom · prepositionintroduces the clause of sägervadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sägerdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sägersägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on brytilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of säger- 26
It was not the first time that Akka had sought out the old swan lord and lady, and they had always received her in the manner that so well-traveled and respected a bird as Akka might rightly claim.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gångenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gångenintenotinte · particlemodifies varförstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies gångensurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
gångentimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounsubject of sökteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
AkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of sökteproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
söktesoughtsöka · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on gångenuppupupp · adverbdepends on söktedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of svanherrskapetgamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies svanherrskapetsvanherrskapetthe swan couplesvanherrskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sökteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of tagithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tagitalltidalwaysalltid · adverbmodifies tagittagittakenta · verb, active, supinecoordinated with gångenemotreceiveemot · adverbdepends on tagithenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of tagitpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of tagitsomthatsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vittberestenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vittberestsåasså · adverbmodifies vittberestvittberestwell-traveledvittberest · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on sättochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationanseddrespectedansedd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fågelfågelbirdfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with vittberestsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of AkkaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of haproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
kundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on sätträttrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fordrainfinitive marker before a verb.
fordrato claimfordra · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying rätt But she did not care for swimming forward among all the swans that lay around them.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies tyckteomcare forom · prepositionintroduces the clause of simmaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of simmainfinitive marker before a verb.
simmaswimsimma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tyckteframforwardfram · adverbdepends on simmamellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking svanorallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of svanordetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of svanorSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
svanorswanssvana · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of simmasomthatsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lågolågolaylågo · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to svanorPast plural of 'ligga' (to lie); mistagged as a noun. Lemma should be 'ligga'.
omkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of lågoNever did she feel so small and gray as when she found herself among the swans, and one or another of them was apt to let drop a word or two about gray drudges and poor folk.
AldrigneverAldrig · adverbmodifies kändekändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kändesåsoså · adverbmodifies litenlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on kändeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgrågraygrå · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with litensomassom · pronounsubject of råkadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of råkadehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkaderåkadefound themselvesråka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kändeininin · adverbdepends on råkadeblandamongbland · prepositionpreposition marking svanornasvanornaswanssvanore · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of inochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularquantifies demochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase enannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase enavofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralsubject of brukadebrukadeused tobruka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kändenogprobablynog · adverbmodifies fällaocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies fällafällato let dropfälla · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of brukadeThe first example ('blivit fångad i en fälla' = 'caught in a trap') uses the unrelated noun 'fälla' (a trap), not the infinitive of the verb fälla ('to fell'); the other three examples are genuinely the verb. Flagged contextDependent since the single default gloss 'to fell' misrenders that example.
ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ordordwordsord · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of fällaomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking grållingargrållingargray drudgesgrålling · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of fällaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfattigfolkpoor folkfattigfolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with grållingarBut such things it was wisest not to notice.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsådantsuch a thingsån · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of klokastvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to klokastdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with klokastklokastwisestklokast · adjective, nominative, superlativehead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of låtsainfinitive marker before a verb.
intenotinte · particlemodifies låtsalåtsanoticelåtsa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on klokastomnoticeom · prepositiondepends on låtsa- 27
This time everything seemed to go unusually well.
Dennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gångengångentimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktestycktesseemedtycktes · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceallteverythingallt · adverbmodifies gågågogå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tycktesovanligtunusuallyovanlig · adverbmodifies brabrawellbra · adverbmodifies gå The swans moved quietly aside, and the wild geese swam forward as though through a lane, lined by the great, shimmering white birds.
Svanornathe swansSvanorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of flyttadeflyttademovedflytta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of flyttadeheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies stillsamtstillsamtquietlystillsam · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of flyttadeåtasideåt · prepositionpreposition marking sidansidanasidesida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flyttadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ,attested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
summoswamsummo · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vildgässenSummo is the historical plural past form of simma, ‘to swim’.
framforwardfram · adverbhead of the phraseliksomas thoughliksom · prepositionoblique complement of framgenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking gataenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gatagatastreetgata · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of framkantadlinedkantad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying gataMistagged as a noun; 'kantad' is the past participle of 'kanta' (to border/line).
avbyav · prepositionpreposition marking fåglarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fåglarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
storabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fåglarnavitskimrandeshimmering whitevitskimrande · adjective, nominativemodifies fåglarnafåglarnathe birdsfåglarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies kantadIt was very beautiful to see them lying there, wings spread like sails, to show themselves off well before the strangers.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with vackertvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to vackertmycketverymycket · adverbmodifies vackertvackertbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitivedepends on vackertdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of sedärtheredär · adverbmodifies vingarnadetheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of lågoSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
lågolaylågo · adjective, nominative, comparativesubject of vingarnaArchaic plural past tense of ligga ("to lie"), not an adjective; the parser mistagged it.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationspändespreadspä · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågouppupupp · adverbpart of the phrase spändevingarnathe wingsvingarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralin apposition to demlemma should be vinge 'wing'.
somlikesom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of segelsegelsailsegel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying vingarnaförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of taatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tainfinitive marker before a verb.
tato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tavälwellväl · adverbmodifies tautshow offut · adverbdepends on tainförbeforeinför · prepositionpreposition marking dedetheen · determiner, pluraloblique complement of taSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
främmandestrangefrämmande · adjective, nominativecomplement of taThey held back all remarks, and Akka was quite astonished.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of höllohölloheld backhålloa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceSurface 'höllo' is past plural of 'hålla' (to hold/keep); lemma is a spelling artifact.
inneheld backinne · adverbmodifies höllomedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking anmärkningarallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of anmärkningaranmärkningarremarksanmärkning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of hölloochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of förvånadproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to förvånadheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies förvånadförvånadastonishedförvånad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with höllo"Dagaklar must have found out about their bad manners and told them to conduct themselves in a courteous fashion," thought the leader-goose.
DagaklarDagaklarDagaklar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kommitProper name of the swan king character, mistagged as a common noun.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitnogmustnog · adverbmodifies kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceunderfundfigured outunderfund · adverbdepends on kommitonly used in the fixed phrase 'komma underfund med' (to find out/figure out).
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking olaterderastheirde · pronounpossessor of olaterpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
olaterbad mannersolat · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kommitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supinecoordinated with kommittilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of sagtattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of uppföradetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of uppföraskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of uppförauppförabehaveuppföra · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying demsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of uppförapåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sätthövisktcourteoushövisk · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of uppföratänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to kommitförargåsenlead gooseförargås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkte- 28
But just as the swans were straining in this way to observe good manners, they caught sight of the white gander swimming last in the long line of geese.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbästjust asbra · adverbmodifies ansträngdesomassom · adverboblique complement of ansträngdeAdverbial/conjunctive use of som ('as/just as'), distinct from its usual relative-pronoun sense.
svanornaswanssvanore · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of ansträngdepåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättdettathisdenna · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ansträngdeansträngdestrainedansträngde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ansträngdeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of iakttainfinitive marker before a verb.
iakttato observeiaktta · verb, active, infinitivedepends on ansträngdeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of skickgottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies skickskickgood mannersskick · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of iakttafingocaught sightfingo · verb, imperative, activecoordinated with iakttapast plural of få ('to get'); mistagged as imperative.
detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of synSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
synsightsyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fingopåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking gåskarlendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåskarlenvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gåskarlengåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies synmorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
somassom · pronounsubject of komThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
komcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on synsimmandeswimmingsimma · adjective, nominativemodifies sistsistlastsist · adverbmodifies komiini · prepositionpreposition marking gåsradendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåsradenlångalonglång · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gåsradengåsradenthe goose linegåsrad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kom Then a murmur of astonishment and indignation went through the company, and in an instant all the fine behavior was at an end.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gickettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of susandesusandemurmursusande · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of gickavofav · prepositionpreposition marking förundranförundranwonderförundran · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies susandeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationharmindignationharm · adjective, nominativecoordinated with förundrangenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking lagetlagetcompanylag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of harmochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmedwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of slutensat onceens · adverbmodifies slutUsed in the fixed idiom med ens 'all at once/suddenly.'
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to slutdetthereen · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of slutthis type bundles three distinct functions of the neuter forms det/ett under one entry.
slutendslut · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with gickmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking uppförandetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of uppförandetfinafinefin · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies uppförandetuppförandetbehavioruppförande · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gick- 29
"What's this?" cried one of them.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on »förkind offör · prepositionpreposition marking slagslagsortslag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies Vadutropadecried oututropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenoneman · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of utropadeSurfaces are only "en"/"En" used as a counting pronoun ("en av dem" = "one of them"), not the indefinite generic pronoun man/en ("one does X"). Lemma is mistagged as man; it should be en (numeral pronoun "one"). Gloss "one" happens to still be correct.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies en "Do the wild geese intend to get themselves white feathers?"
ÄmnarintendÄmnar · verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of skaffavildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skaffaattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
skaffato getskaffa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of skaffavitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fjädrarfjädrarfeathersfjäder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of skaffa- 30
"They needn't think they'll become swans on that account," was shrieked from every side.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of troskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of trointenotinte · particlemodifies trotrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blirdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of trosvanorswanssvana · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcomplement of blirfördenskullfor that reasonfördenskull · adverbmodifies skreksskrekswas shriekedskreks · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraladverbial clause on blirdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of skreksfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking hållallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of hållhålldirectionshåll · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of skreks - 31
They began crying out to one another with their ringing, powerful voices.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceropato call outropa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadeomtoom · prepositionpreposition marking varandravarandraeach othervarandra · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of ropamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking röstersinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of rösterklangfullaringingklangfull · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies rösterstarkastrongstark · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies rösterröstervoicesröst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies varandra It was impossible to explain to them that it was a tame gander who had come along with the wild geese.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with omöjligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to omöjligtomöjligtimpossibleomöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förklarainfinitive marker before a verb.
förklaraexplainförklara · verb, active, infinitivedepends on omöjligtförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of förklaraattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåskarldetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gåskarlvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gåskarlenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåskarltamtametam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gåskarlgåskarlgandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on omöjligtsomwhosom · pronounsubject of passive följtThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of följtföljtfollowedfölja · verb, active, supinerelative clause on gåskarlmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of följtattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
- 32
"It's surely the very goose-king who's coming," they jeered.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gåskungenärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to gåskungenvisstsurelyviss · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies gåskungensjälvaverysjälv · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gåskungenSurface "själva" is the plural/emphatic form of själv and can mean "themselves" or intensify "the very."
gåskungenthe goose-kinggåskung · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomwhosom · pronounsubject of kommerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on gåskungenhånademockedhåna · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to gåskungendetheyde · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hånade - 33
"There's no end to such impudence."
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of oförsynthetärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to oförsynthetingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of oförsynthetändaendända · adverbmodifies oförsynthetpåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking oförsynthetoförsynthetimpudenceoförsynthet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrase - 34
"It's not a goose at all, it's only a tame duck."
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gåsärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to gåsingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåsgåsgoosegås · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ankaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to ankabarajustbara · adverbmodifies ankaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tamtamtametam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularquantifies ankaankaa duckanka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularparallel clause to gås - 35
The great white one remembered Akka's command not to take any notice of whatever he might have to hear.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vitestorebigstore · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies viteWeak-declension form of 'stor'.
vitethe white onevit · adjective, nominativesubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceihågto mind (remember)ihåg · adverbdepends on komonly occurs in the fixed phrase komma ihåg 'to remember'.
AkkasAkka'sAkka · verb, present, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentenceGenitive of the proper name Akka; mistagged as a verb.
befallningthe commandbefallning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive Akkasatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of låtsainfinitive marker before a verb.
intenotinte · particlemodifies låtsalåtsatake noticelåtsa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of Akkasomnoticeom · prepositionintroduces the clause of höravadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hörahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höraänwhateverän · adverbmodifies höraskullemightskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörafåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of hörahörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on låtsa He kept himself silent and swam onward as briskly as he could manage, but it did not help.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllhöllheldhöll · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of hölltystquiettyst · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of höllochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsamswamsam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with tystPast tense of 'simma' (to swim), mistagged as an adjective.
framåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies höllsåasså · adverbmodifies förmådderasktbrisklyrask · adverbpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förmåddeförmåddecould manageförmåd · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on höllFrom förmå, 'to be able to'; here in 'allt vad han förmådde' = 'as fast as he could manage'.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of hjälptehjälptehelpedhjälpa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with höllintenotinte · particlemodifies hjälpteThe swans grew ever more forward.
Svanornathe swansSvanorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of blevoblevobecameblevo · adverbhead of the phraseArchaic plural past tense of bli ("to become"), not an adverb; the parser mistagged it.
alltmermore and morealltmer · adverbmodifies närgångnanärgångnamore forwardnärgången · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of blevo"What kind of frog is he carrying on his back?" asked one.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phraseärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to Vaddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with Vadförkind offör · prepositionpreposition marking grodaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of grodagrodafroggroda · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Vadhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bärbäris carryingbära · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on grodaThree of the four examples use the idiom 'bär sig åt' ('manages, behaves, goes about it'), distinct from the literal carrying sense in ch33-p35-s4 ('bär på sin rygg').
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking ryggsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of ryggryggbackrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bärfrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of frågade"They surely think we won't notice it's a frog, just because he's dressed up like a person."
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevisstcertainlyviss · adverbmodifies trorsurface visst here is the adverb 'certainly/surely', not the adjective viss 'certain'.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of seviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of seintenotinte · particlemodifies seskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of trorattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of grodadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of grodaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to grodaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of grodagrodafroggroda · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of sedärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of kläddattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därförhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kläddärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to kläddklädddressedklädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on grodasomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking människaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of människamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of klädd- 36
The swans, who a moment before had lain in such fine order, now swam about one another in the fiercest confusion.
Svanornathe swansSvanorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasesomwhosom · pronounsubject of legatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
nyssjust nownyss · adverbmodifies legathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of legatlegatlainlegat · verb, active, supinerelative clause on Svanornaiini · prepositionpreposition marking ordningenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ordningsåsuchså · adverbmodifies skönskönfineskön · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ordningordningorderordning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of legatsummoswamsummo · noun, nominative, neuter, singularin apposition to SvanornaHistorical plural past form of simma, ‘to swim’.
nunownu · adverbmodifies Svanornaomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking varandravarandraeach othervarandra · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies Svanornaiini · prepositionpreposition marking vimmelhäftigastefiercesthäftig · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies vimmelvimmelconfusionvimmel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrase Everyone wanted to press forward to catch sight of the white wild goose.
Allaallall · pronoun, pluralsubject of trängavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trängaträngato force one's waytränga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of trängaframforwardfram · adverbmodifies trängaförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of fåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fåcatch sight offå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on trängasynsightsyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking vildgåsendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vildgåsenvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies vildgåsenvildgåsenwild goosevildgås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of få- 37
"That white gander ought at least to be ashamed to come and show himself among us swans."
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of passive skämmasdärtheredär · adverbmodifies Denvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gåskarlngåskarlnthe gandergåskarln · nounsubject of passive skämmasKarln is a colloquial contracted definite form of karl.
bordeought toböra · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skämmasBare borde is simple past modal ("ought to"/"should"); the perfect sense ("ought to have") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth ("borde släppa taget") has no ha and translates as plain "ought to."
åtminstoneat leaståtminstone · adverbmodifies skämmasskämmasbe ashamedskämma · verb, passive, infinitivedepends on »förtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of kommaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skämmasochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvisato showvisa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kommasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of visablandamongbland · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of visasvanorswanssvana · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of komma - 38
"He's surely just as gray as the others.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gråärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to grånogsurelynog · adverbmodifies grålikaequallylika · adverbmodifies grågrågraygrå · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of andradethede · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andraThis type's own examples show 'de' used as the plain personal pronoun "they" (de voro ovanligt strävsamma = "they were unusually...") as often as the determiner "the" (de andra = "the others"); a fixed gloss of "the" mis-renders every pronoun occurrence.
andraothersannan · pronoun, pluraladverbial clause on grå He's simply dipped himself in a flour bin on some farm."
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of doppatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of doppatbarajustbara · adverbmodifies doppatdoppatdipped himselfdoppa · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of doppatiini · prepositionpreposition marking mjölbingeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of mjölbingemjölbingeflour binmjölbinge · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of doppatiini · prepositionpreposition marking bondgårdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bondgårdbondgårdfarmbondgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies mjölbinge- 39
Akka had just barely reached Dagaklar and was about to ask what kind of help he wanted from her, when the king noticed the commotion among the swan-folk.
AkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of hadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hunnitnättbarelynätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hadeAlways in the fixed phrase 'nätt och jämnt' = barely/just barely, though tagged as a noun.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjämntjust barelyjämn · adverbmodifies hunnithunnitreachedhinna · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceframforwardfram · adverbdepends on hunnittilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking DagaklarDagaklarDagaklarDagaklar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of hunnitProper name of the swan king character, mistagged as a common noun.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskullewas about toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of frågajustjustjust · adverbmodifies frågafrågato askfråga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with hunnitvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of hjälpslagskind ofslag · noun, genitive, neuter, singularpossessor of hjälpGenitive 'slags' used in the fixed phrase 'ett slags'/'vad för slags' = 'a kind of'/'what kind of'.
hjälphelphjälp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of hunnithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on hunnitbegärdewantedbegärde · verb, past, indicative, activedirect object of hunnitavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies begärdenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of märktekungenkingkung · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märktemärktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hunnituppståndelsencommotionuppståndelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of märkteblandamongbland · prepositionpreposition marking svanfolketsvanfolketswan-folksvanfolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of märkte "What's going on now?
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies stårpågoing onpå · prepositiondepends on stårHaven't I commanded that they be courteous to strangers?" he said, looking displeased.
Harhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of befalltjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of befalltintenotinte · particlemodifies befalltbefalltcommandedbefalla · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hövligadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hövligaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hövligavarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to hövligahövligacourteoushövlig · adjective, nominative, pluralclausal complement of befalltmottomot · prepositionpreposition marking främmandefrämmandestrangefrämmande · adjective, nominativeoblique complement of hövligasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadepast tense of se, 'to see.'
missnöjddispleasedmissnöjd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of sågutlookut · adverbdepends on såg- 40
Snöfrid, the swan queen, swam off to keep her people in order, and Dagaklar turned back toward Akka.
SnöfridSnöfridSnöfrid · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseName of the swan queen.
svandrottningenthe swan queensvandrottning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Snöfridsamswamsam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies åstadPast tense of 'simma' (to swim), mistagged as an adjective.
åstadoffåsta · verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominativecoordinated with SnöfridSame adverb 'åstad'; mistagged as verb participle.
förtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of hållaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hållainfinitive marker before a verb.
hållato keep in orderhålla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on åstadefterin lineefter · prepositionpreposition marking folksitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of folkpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
folkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hållaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationDagaklarDagaklarDagaklar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of vändeProper name of the swan king character, mistagged as a common noun.
vändeturnedväna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with SnöfridPast tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vändeåteragainåter · adverbmodifies vändemottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking AkkaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of vändeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
Then Snöfrid came back looking greatly upset.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies Snöfridkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of SnöfridSnöfridSnöfridSnöfrid · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseName of the swan queen.
tillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies Snöfridochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with Snöfridpast tense of se, 'to see.'
mycketgreatlymycket · adverbmodifies upprördupprördupsetupprörd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of sågutlookut · adverbdepends on såg"Can't you make them be quiet?" the swan king called to her.
Kancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåintenotinte · particlemodifies fåfåmakefå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralindirect object of fåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tigainfinitive marker before a verb.
tigato be silenttig · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of fåInfinitive of tiga (to keep silent), mistagged as an adjective.
ropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesvankungenswan kingsvankung · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropadeemottoemot · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ropade— "There's a white wild goose over there," answered Snöfrid.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of vildgåsärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to vildgåsenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vildgåsvitwhitevit · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vildgåsvildgåswild goosevildgås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasedärbortaover theredärborta · adverbmodifies vildgåssvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to vildgåsSnöfridSnöfridSnöfrid · proper noun, nominativesubject of svaradeName of the swan queen.
"It's a disgrace to see.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of skamärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to skamjureallyju · adverbmodifies skamenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skamskamshameskam · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitivedepends on skamI'm not surprised that they're indignant."
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undrarundrarwondersundra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies undrarpåthatpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of förargadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förargadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of förargadeärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to förargadeförargadeannoyedförargad · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on undrar— "A white wild goose!" said Dagaklar.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vildgåsvitwhitevit · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vildgåsvildgåswild goosevildgås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceDagaklarDagaklarDagaklar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sadeProper name of the swan king character, mistagged as a common noun.
"That's too absurd.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with galetärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to galetförtooför · adverbmodifies galetgaletabsurdgale · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseNo such thing can exist.
NågotsomethingNågot · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sådantsådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of finnaskancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of finnasintenotinte · particlemodifies finnasfinnasto existfinnas · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentencetillin existencetill · prepositiondepends on finnasYou must have seen wrong."
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settmåttemustmåtte · adverbmodifies DuModal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means "must"; the perfect sense ("must have") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain "must."
hahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencemistewrongmiste · adverbdepends on sett- 41
Around Morten Gander the crush grew ever greater.
Omkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies MårtenMårtenMortenMårten · proper noun, nominativemodifies gåskarlthe studio translation renders this name as 'Morten'.
gåskarlgandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceträngselnthe crushträngsel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevallteverallt · adverbmodifies störrestörrebiggerstor · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of blev Akka and the other wild geese tried to swim forward to him, but they were jostled this way and that and could not reach him.
AkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vildgässenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försökteattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
försöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with Akkasimmaswimsimma · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försökteframforwardfram · adverbdepends on simmatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of simmamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of skuffadeblevobecameblevo · adverbmodifies skuffadeArchaic plural past tense of bli ("to become"), not an adverb; the parser mistagged it.
skuffadejostledskuffa · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with Akkahitherehit · adverbmodifies skuffadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdittheredit · adverbcoordinated with skuffadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of nåintenotinte · particlemodifies nånåto reachnå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with skuffadehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of nå- 42
The old swan king, who was stronger than any other, then set himself swiftly in motion, shoved all the others aside, and forced his way through to the white one.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of svankungengamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies svankungensvankungenswan kingsvankung · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattesomwhosom · pronounsubject of starkareThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to starkarestarkarestrongerstark · adjective, nominative, comparativerelative clause on svankungenänthanän · prepositionintroduces the clause of annannågonanynågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of annanannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on starkaresattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sattedåthendå · adverbmodifies sattehastigtquicklyhastig · adverbmodifies satteiini · prepositionpreposition marking rörelserörelsemovementrörelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of satteskötshovedsköt · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with satteallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andraandraothersannan · pronoun, pluraldirect object of skötåtasideåt · prepositiondepends on skötsidanasidesida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase åtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbanadeforced his waybana · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with skötsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of banadevägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of banadeframforwardfram · adverbmodifies banadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking vitedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vitevitewhite onevite · adjective, nominative, singularoblique complement of framDefinite adjective used as a noun, 'the white one', referring to the gander.
But when he saw that it really was a white goose lying there on the water, he grew just as furious as the rest.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of såghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blevpast tense of se, 'to see.'
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gåsverkligenreallyverkligen · adverbmodifies gåsvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gåsenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vitvitwhitevit · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gåsgåsgoosegås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of sågsomthatsom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on gåsdärtheredär · adverbmodifies lågpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking vattnetvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of därblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevlikaequallylika · adverbmodifies vredvredangryvred · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies blevsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of andradetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andraSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraothersannan · pronoun, pluralcomplement of blevHe hissed with rage, rushed straight at Morten Gander, and tore a couple of feathers from him.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frästefrästehissedfräsa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking rättilskaangerilska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies rättstörtaderushedstörta · adjective, nominative, singularcoordinated with ilskarättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of frästepåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking gåskarlMårtenMortenMårten · proper noun, nominativepossessor of gåskarlthe studio translation renders this name as 'Morten'.
gåskarlgandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies rättochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrycktetuggedrycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with frästeavoffav · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ryckteettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies fjädrarfjädrarfeathersfjädr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of ryckte"I'll teach you, wild goose, to come to the swans got up like this," he said.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of läraskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of läralärateachlära · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of läravildgåswild goosevildgås · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with digatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivein apposition to läratilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking svanornasvanornaswanssvanore · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kommasålike thisså · adverbmodifies utspökadhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase såutspökadgot uputspöka · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on kommasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lärahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade- 43
"Fly, Morten Gander, fly, fly!" cried Akka, for she understood that the swans were about to pluck every last feather from the great white one, and "Fly, fly!" cried Thumbietot too.
Flygfly!flyg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of ropadesurfaces Flyg/flyg here are the imperative of flyga ('to fly'), not the noun.
MårtenMortenMårten · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Flygthe studio translation renders this name as 'Morten'.
gåskarlgandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Mårtenflygfly!flyg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with Mårtensurfaces Flyg/flyg here are the imperative of flyga ('to fly'), not the noun.
flygfly!flyg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with Mårtensurfaces Flyg/flyg here are the imperative of flyga ('to fly'), not the noun.
ropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of ropadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
förforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of förstodhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstodförstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ropadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ryckasvanornaswanssvanore · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kommaskullewere about toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommato comekomma · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of ryckaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ryckainfinitive marker before a verb.
ryckapull/snatchrycka · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of förstodvarendaevery singlevarenda · determiner, singulardeterminer of fjäderfjäderfeatherfjäder · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ryckaavoffav · prepositionpreposition marking vitedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vitestorebigstore · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies viteWeak-declension form of 'stor'.
vitewhite onevite · verb, present, indicative, activemodifies ryckaIn all examples this is the definite adjective 'the white one', not a verb; morphology tag is mistagged.
ochandoch · conjunctiondepends on ,Flygfly!flyg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of ropadesurfaces Flyg/flyg here are the imperative of flyga ('to fly'), not the noun.
flygfly!flyg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with Flygsurfaces Flyg/flyg here are the imperative of flyga ('to fly'), not the noun.
ropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies TummetottTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativesubject of ropadethe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
But the gander lay so jammed in among the swans that he had no room to lift his wings.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of lågmorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
låglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies låginklämdwedgedinklämd · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on lågMistagged as noun; it is the past participle of 'klämma in' (to wedge/jam in), used adjectivally.
mellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking svanornasvanornaswanssvanore · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of lågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadeintenotinte · particlemodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on lågutrymmespaceutrymme · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of lyftainfinitive marker before a verb.
lyftato liftlyfta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hadevingarnathe wingsvingarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of lyftalemma should be vinge 'wing'.
And from every side the swans stretched out their strong bills to pluck the feathers from him.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking hållallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of hållhålldirectionshåll · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of sträcktesträcktestretchedsträcka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesvanornathe swanssvanorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sträckteframforwardfram · adverbdepends on sträcktesinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of näbbarstarkastrongstark · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies näbbarnäbbarbeaksnäbb · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sträckteförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of ryckaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ryckainfinitive marker before a verb.
ryckapull/snatchrycka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sträcktefjädrarnafeathersfjädr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of ryckaavoffav · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies fjädrarna- 44
Morten Gander defended himself against them by biting and striking as best he could, and the other wild geese also went into battle against the swans.
MårtenMortenMårten · proper noun, nominativemodifies gåskarlthe studio translation renders this name as 'Morten'.
gåskarlgandergåskarl · adverbsubject of försvarade'Gåskarl' is a noun meaning 'gander', mistagged here as an adverb; used as the goose-character's epithet Mårten gåskarl.
försvaradedefendedförsvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of försvarademotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of försvaradegenomthroughgenom · prepositionintroduces the clause of bitaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bitainfinitive marker before a verb.
bitato bitebita · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on försvaradeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhuggato chophugga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with bitaefterasefter · prepositionpreposition marking förmågabästabestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies förmågaförmågaabilityförmåga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of huggaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vildgässenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gingoattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
gingowentgingo · adjective, nominative, singularcoordinated with försvaradePast plural of 'gå' (to go/walk); mistagged as an adjective. Lemma should be 'gå'.
ocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies stridstillintotill · prepositionpreposition marking stridsstridsbattlestrid · noun, genitive, common gender, singularoblique complement of gingomotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking svanornasvanornaswanssvanore · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies strids But it was clear how this would have ended, had they not, quite unexpectedly, received help.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with klartvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to klartklartclearklar · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasehurhowhur · adverbmodifies slutatdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of slutatskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slutathahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of slutatslutatendedsluta · verb, active, supinedepends on klartomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåttdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fåttintenotinte · particlemodifies oförväntatheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies oförväntatoförväntatunexpectedlyoförvänta · adverbmodifies fåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttfåttreceivedfå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on slutathjälphelphjälp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fått- 45
It was a redstart who had noticed that the wild geese had come to grief among the swans, and he at once cried out the sharp rallying call that is customary among the small birds when it is a matter of chasing off a hawk or a falcon.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of rödstjärtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to rödstjärtenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rödstjärtrödstjärta redstartrödstjärt · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomwhosom · pronounsubject of märktThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of märktmärktnoticedmärka · verb, active, supinecoordinated with rödstjärtattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of råkatvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkatattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkatråkatcome to griefråka · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on skrekillabadlyilla · adverbcomplement of råkatutcome to griefut · adverbdepends on råkatblandamongbland · prepositionpreposition marking svanornasvanornaswanssvanore · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of utochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies skrekskrekcried outskrek · verb, active, supineparallel clause to märkthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skrekutoutut · adverbdepends on skrekdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of kallelseropetskarpasharpskarep · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies kallelseropetLemma is a variant spelling of 'skarp', sharp.
kallelseropetthe rallying callkallelseropet · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of skreksomthatsom · pronounsubject of brukligtThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to brukligtbrukligtcustomarybruklig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularrelative clause on kallelseropetblandamongbland · prepositionpreposition marking småfåglarnasmåfåglarnasmall birdssmåfågl · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of brukligtnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of jagadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase närgällera matter ofgälla · verb, present, indicative, activepart of the phrase näratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of jagainfinitive marker before a verb.
jagato huntjaga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on brukligtbortawaybort · adverbdepends on jagaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hökhökhawkhök · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of jagaelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of falkfalkfalconfalk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hök Scarcely had the call sounded three times before all the small birds of the district, on swift wings, came rushing down toward Hjälstaviken in a great, clamorous swarm.
KnapptscarcelyKnappt · verb, active, supinemodifies hadeSame adverb 'scarcely'; mistagged as verb supine.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceropetcryrop · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of hadeljuditrung outljudit · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of gångerMislabeled as a noun; ljudit is the supine of ljuda ("to sound/ring out").
trethreetre · numeral, nominativequantifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of hadeförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies allaused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
allaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of traktenstraktensthe region’strakt · noun, genitive, neuter, pluralpossessor of småfåglarsmåfåglarsmall birdssmåfågle · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of iladepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking vingarpilsnabbaswiftpilsnabb · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vingarvingarwingsving · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies småfåglariini · prepositionpreposition marking storenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vingarbullersamclamorousbullersam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies svärmsvärmswarmsvärm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with storiladehurriedila · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hadenerdownner · adverbmodifies ilademottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking HjälstavikenHjälstavikenHjälstavikenHjälstaviken · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of ilade- 46
And these small, powerless little creatures threw themselves upon the swans.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdessathesedenna · determiner, pluraldeterminer of stackaresmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stackarekraftlösapowerlesskraftlös · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stackarestackarepoor wretchesstackare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kastadekastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kastadeöveruponöver · prepositionpreposition marking svanornasvanornaswanssvanore · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kastade They shrieked in their ears, they blocked their view with their wings, they made them dizzy with their fluttering, they threw them into confusion by crying: "Shame, shame, swans! Shame, shame, swans!"
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of skränadeskränadeshriekedskräna · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseiini · prepositionpreposition marking öronderastheirde · pronounpossessor of öronpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
öronearsöron · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of skränadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of utsiktenskymdeblockedskymde · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies utsiktenPast tense of the verb 'skymma' (to block/obscure); mistagged as an adjective.
utsiktenviewutsikt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularparallel clause to skränadeförforför · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies utsiktenmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vingarsinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of vingarvingarwingsving · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies utsiktendetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to skränadedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of gjordeyradizzyyra · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of gjordeiini · prepositionpreposition marking huvudethuvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of yramedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking yrasitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of fladdrandepossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
fladdrandeflutteringfladdra · adjective, nominativemodifies gjordedetheyen · determiner, pluralsubject of bragteSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
bragtethrewbragte · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with skränadedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of bragteurout ofur · prepositionmodifies bragtefattningencomposurefattning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase urgenomthroughgenom · prepositionintroduces the clause of ropaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ropainfinitive marker before a verb.
ropato call outropa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on bragteSkämsshame on youskäms · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseskämsshameskäms · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with SkämsA form of the reflexive verb 'skämmas', used both as a finite present and in an imperative-like command; mistagged as an adjective.
svanorswanssvana · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with SkämsSkämsshame on youskäms · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseskämsshameskäms · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with SkämsA form of the reflexive verb 'skämmas', used both as a finite present and in an imperative-like command; mistagged as an adjective.
svanorswanssvana · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Skäms- 47
The onslaught of the small birds lasted only a couple of moments, but by the time they were gone and the swans had come back to their senses, they saw that the wild geese had risen and flown across to the other side of the bay.
Överfalletthe onslaughtÖverfallet · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of varadeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking småfåglarnasmåfåglarnathe little birdssmåfåglarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies Överfalletvaradelastedvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebarajustbara · adverbmodifies varadeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ögonblickögonblickmomentsögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of varademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vorodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of vorovorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with varadearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
bortagoneborta · adverbmodifies voroochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsvanornaswanssvana · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with bortakommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of varadekommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
tilltotill · prepositiondepends on kommosanstheir sensessa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase tilligenagainigen · adverbpart of the phrase tillsågosawsågoa · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with varadeLemma/tag are corrupted; sågo is the plural past tense of se ("saw"), not a noun or present tense.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sågoattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lyftvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lyftattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lyftlyftrisenlyfta · verb, active, supineclausal complement of sågoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsvävathoveredsvävat · verb, active, supinecoordinated with lyftöveracrossöver · prepositiondepends on lyfttilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking sidavikensthe bay'svik · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of sidaandraothertvå · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sidaSurface "andra" here means "other," not "two" — a lemma/tag mismatch in the source data.
sidasidesida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lyft - 48
THE NEW WATCHDOG.
DENTHEEN · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of BANDHUNDENNYANEWNYA · proper noun, nominativemodifies BANDHUNDENBANDHUNDENTHE WATCHDOGBANDHUNDEN · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrase - 49
It was at least to the swans' credit that, once they saw the wild geese had escaped, they were too proud to chase after them.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with godavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to godaåtminstoneat leaståtminstone · adverbmodifies godadetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of godagodagoodgod · adjective, nominative, singularhead of the phrasemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking svanornasvanornaswanssvanore · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of godaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågonärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sågosågosawsågoa · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on godaLemma/tag are corrupted; sågo is the plural past tense of se ("saw"), not a noun or present tense.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of undkommitvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undkommitattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of undkommitundkommitescapedundkommi · verb, active, supinedepends on godavorowerevoro · verb, imperative, activecoordinated with godaOld plural past tense of vara ('to be'), mistagged here as imperative.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of jagaförtooför · adverbmodifies stoltastoltaproudstolta · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying deatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of jagainfinitive marker before a verb.
jagato huntjaga · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to godaefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of jaga The wild geese could therefore settle down in perfect peace to sleep on a reed tussock.
Vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässen · proper noun, nominativesubject of ställakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ställaalltsåsoalltså · adverbmodifies ställaiini · prepositionpreposition marking lugnstörstabiggeststor · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies lugnlugncalmlugn · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ställaställato settle downställa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ställaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sovainfinitive marker before a verb.
sovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on ställapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking vassruggeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vassruggevassruggereed tussockvassrugge · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sova- 50
As for Nils Holgersson, he was too hungry to be able to fall asleep.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of varNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativesubject of angårHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilsangåras forangå · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on varsåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varförtooför · prepositionpreposition marking hungrighungrighungryhungrig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies varatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kunnainfinitive marker before a verb.
kunnato be able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of somnasomnato fall asleepsomna · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of var "I simply must try to get into some cottage and get myself a little food," he thought.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försökamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of försökanödvändigtsimplynödvändig · adverbmodifies försökaförsökato tryförsöka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försökaininin · adverbdepends on kommaiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking stuganågonsomenågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stugastugacottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfågetfå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kommamigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåliteta littleliten · adverbmodifies matthis type bundles the positive and comparative degree forms (litet, mindre) under one entry.
matfoodmat · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to försökahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkte- 51
In those days, when so many things of every kind were floating about on the lake, it was not hard for someone like Nils Holgersson to find a craft.
Iini · prepositionpreposition marking dagarnadethoseen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of dagarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
dagarnadaysdag · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasedåwhendå · subordinating conjunctionmodifies svårtsåsoså · adverbmodifies mångamångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sakersakerthingssak · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of svårtavofav · prepositionpreposition marking slagolikadifferentolik · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies slagslagkindsslag · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies sakerflötowere floatingflöto · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sakerHistorical plural past form of flyta.
omkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies sjönpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sakervarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to svårtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with svårtintenotinte · particlemodifies svårtsvårtdifficultsvår · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularrelative clause on dagarnaförforför · prepositionpreposition marking sådanenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sådansådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on svårtsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
somlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of NilsNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativesubject of finnaHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilsatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of finnainfinitive marker before a verb.
finnafindfinna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on svårtenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of farkostfarkostcraftfarkost · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of finna He did not stop to think for long, jumped down onto a scrap of board that had washed in among the reeds, fished up a little stick, and began poling himself across the shallow water toward the shore.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of besinnadebesinnadeconsideredbesinna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceOften reflexive, besinna sig, "to stop and think".
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of besinnadeintenotinte · particlemodifies längelängefor longlänge · adverbmodifies besinnadehoppadejumpedhoppa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with besinnadenerdownner · adverbmodifies hoppadepåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking brädstumpenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of brädstumpbrädstumpscrap of boardbrädstump · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hoppadesomthatsom · pronounsubject of gungatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gungatgungatdrifted ingunga · verb, active, supinerelative clause on brädstumpininin · adverbdepends on gungatblandamongbland · prepositionpreposition marking vassenvassenreedvass · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gungatfiskadefishedfiska · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with besinnadeuppupupp · adverbdepends on fiskadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of käpplitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies käppkäppcanekäpp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fiskadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with besinnadeöveracrossöver · prepositionmodifies börjadedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of vattnetgrundashallowgrund · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies vattnetvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of stakastakapole (a boat)staka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of stakaframforwardfram · adverbmodifies stakamottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking strandenstrandenshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fram- 52
Scarcely had he landed before he heard a splashing in the water beside him.
KnapptscarcelyKnappt · auxiliary verb, active, supinemodifies landatFunctions as the adverb 'scarcely/hardly' (knappt) opening 'knappt hade...förrän' constructions, not as a verb.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of landathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of landatlandatlandedlandaa · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies hördeused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on landatettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of plaskandeplaskandesplashingplaskande · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hördeiini · prepositionpreposition marking vattnetvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hördevidbesidevid · prepositionpreposition marking sigsidanbesidesida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase vidombesideom · prepositionpart of the phrase vidsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of hörde He held still and saw, first of all, a female swan lying asleep in her great nest only a few meters away from him; and further, he saw a fox that had waded a few steps out into the water to steal up on the swan's nest.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllhöllheld stillhålla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of höllstillastillstilla · adverbmodifies höllochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with höllpast tense of se, 'to see.'
dåthendå · adverbmodifies sågförfirst of allför · prepositionpreposition marking förstadetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of förstaförstafirsten · adjective, nominativeoblique complement of sågsurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of svanhonasvanhonafemale swansvanhona · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sågsomthatsom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
låglayligga · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on svanhonamistagged as adjective; the surface 'låg' here is the past tense of ligga 'to lie', not the unrelated adjective låg 'low'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsovsleptsov · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågiini · prepositionpreposition marking redesitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of redepossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
storabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies redeweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
redenestrede · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sovbarajustbara · adverbmodifies sovnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of metermetermetersmeter · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of lågifrånfromifrån · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies metervidarefurthervidare · adverbmodifies sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to höllpast tense of se, 'to see.'
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rävrävfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sågsomthatsom · pronounsubject of gåttThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttwadedgå · verb, active, supinerelative clause on rävettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies stegstegstepssteg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of gåttutoutut · adverbmodifies stegiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking vattnetvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of utförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of smygaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of smygainfinitive marker before a verb.
smygato sneaksmyga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gåttutuput · adverbdepends on smygatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking svanredetsvanredetthe swan's nestsvanrede · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ut"Hoy, hoy, hoy! Get up! Get up!" shouted the boy, striking the water with his stick.
HojhoyHoj · proper noun, nominativehead of the phrasehojhoy!hoj · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Hojhojhoy!hoj · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with HojStåstandStå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceoppupopp · adverbmodifies StåColloquial/dialectal spelling of 'upp'.
StåstandStå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceoppupopp · interjectionmodifies StåOpp is an older spelling of modern upp.
skrekshriekedskrek · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skrekochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslogstruckslå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with skrekLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
iini · prepositionpreposition marking vattnetvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of slogmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking käppsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of käppkäppcanekäpp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slogThe swan rose up, but not fast enough that the fox could not have thrown himself upon her, had he wished.
Svanhonanthe female swansvanhona · proper noun, nominativesubject of resteresteroseresa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of restemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies fortarefortarefastfort · adverbcoordinated with resteänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hunnitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hunniträventhe foxräven · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hunnithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hunnithunnithad timehinna · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on resteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kastainfinitive marker before a verb.
kastato throwkasta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of hunnitsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kastaöveruponöver · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kastaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of velathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of velathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of velatvelatwantedvela · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on restelemma should be vilja 'to want'; velat is its supine form.
But he gave that up instead and hurried straight toward the boy.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of avstodavstodgave upavstod · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of avstodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with avstodiinsteadi · prepositionmodifies skyndadeställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase irättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase imottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skyndade- 53
Thumbietot saw the fox coming and set off toward land.
TummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativesubject of sågthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
sågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencerävenfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågkommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kommapast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
avoffav · prepositiondepends on satteinåtintoinåt · prepositionmodifies landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of komma There lay wide, level meadows before him.
Detthereen · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of lågthis type bundles three distinct functions of the neuter forms det/ett under one entry.
låglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevidawidevida · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies lågjämnaeven/leveljämn · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ängarängarmeadowsäng · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with vidaframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågHe saw no tree that he could climb up into, no hole where he could hide himself.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies sågnågotanynågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of trädträdtreeträd · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sågsomthatsom · pronoundirect object of klättraThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of klättrakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of klättraklättrato climbklättra · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on träduppupupp · adverbdepends on klättraiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking klättraintetnothinginte · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hålarchaic pronoun 'intet' (nothing), not the modern negation 'inte'.
hålholehål · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of klättradärtheredär · adverbmodifies gömmahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gömmakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gömmagömmato hidegömma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on klättrasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of gömmaThere was nothing to do but run away.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of springavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to springabarajustbara · adverbmodifies springaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of springainfinitive marker before a verb.
springato runspringa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceOne cited example uses the homograph springa "slit/crack" (a different noun); this type is the infinitive verb "to run".
undanawayundan · adverbdepends on springaThe boy was a good runner, but it stood to reason that he could not compete in speed with a fox, when the fox was free and unencumbered and had nothing to drag along.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of löparevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to löpareenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of löparegodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies löparelöparerunnerlöpare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with givetvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to givetgivetobviousgiven · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with löpareIdiom 'det var givet' = 'it stood to reason'.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tävlahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tävlaintenotinte · particlemodifies tävlakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tävlatävlato competetävla · verb, active, infinitivedepends on givetiini · prepositionmodifies tävlasnabbhetspeedsnabbhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase imedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking rävenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rävrävfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tävlanärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lösdennehedenna · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of lösArchaic masculine demonstrative "denne" used anaphorically for a previously named male person.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to löslöslooselös · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on tävlaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationledigfreeledig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with lösochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lösnågotnothingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of släpainfinitive marker before a verb.
släpadragsläpa · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying någotpåalongpå · prepositiondepends on släpa- 54
A little way from the lake stood a few small crofters' cottages, where light shone from the windows.
Ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of styckestyckepiecestycke · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking lågosjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lågolågolaylågo · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies styckePast plural of 'ligga' (to lie); mistagged as a noun. Lemma should be 'ligga'.
någrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of torpstugorsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies torpstugortorpstugorcrofters' cottagestorpstuga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies styckedärtheredär · adverbmodifies lystedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lystelysteshonelyste · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on torpstugorTagged as an adjective but is the past tense of lysa, 'to shine'.
ljuslightljus · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of lysteurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking fönstrenfönstrenwindowsfönstr · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of lyste The boy ran, naturally, toward that direction, but he had to tell himself that before he reached the houses, the fox would surely have time to catch him many times over.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sprangsprangransprangma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLemma is corrupted; surfaces are only "sprang" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma.
förståsof courseförstås · adverbmodifies sprangåttowardåt · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of spranghålletdirectionhållen · adverbmodifies sprangsurface hållet; not a true adverb lemma but the idiom helt och hållet vs. the noun håll ('direction').
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sprangtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of sägasjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sigattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kominnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sägaframforwardfram · adverbmodifies komtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking husenhusenhouseshus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of kombordeought toböra · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hinnaBare borde is simple past modal ("ought to"/"should"); the perfect sense ("ought to have") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth ("borde släppa taget") has no ha and translates as plain "ought to."
räventhe foxräven · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hinnakunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of hinnahinnato have time tohinna · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sägahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of hinnamångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hinna- 55
Once the fox came so close to him that he thought himself certain of being caught, but then the boy suddenly threw himself to one side and turned back down toward the bay again.
Räventhe foxRäven · adverbmodifies varthis is the definite noun form ('the fox'), not an adverb.
varwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularsubject of varenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of varsåsoså · adverbmodifies näranäraclosenära · adverbmodifies varType lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tycktehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of varsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tycktevarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to säkersäkercertainsäker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of tyckteomofom · prepositionpreposition marking fångstenfångstencatchfångst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of säkermenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies kastadekastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tycktesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of kastadepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kastadehastigtquicklyhastig · adverbmodifies kastadeåtasideåt · prepositionmodifies kastadesidanone sidesida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase åtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvändeturnedvände · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kastadeombackom · prepositiondepends on vändenerdownner · adverbmodifies vändemottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking vikenvikenbayvik · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nerigenagainigen · adverbmodifies vände In the turn the fox lost a bit of time, and before he had caught up with the boy again, the boy had hurried up to a couple of men who had been out on the lake all day and evening salvaging drifting goods and were now on their way home.
Iini · prepositionpreposition marking vändningenvändningenthe turnvändning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förloradeförloradelostförlora · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencerävenfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förloradeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidsmulaa bitsmula · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of förloradeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of nytthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase innanpåagainpå · prepositionpreposition marking nyttnyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on hunnithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hunnithunnitcaught uphinna · verb, active, supinecoordinated with förloradeuppupupp · adverbdepends on hunnitpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hunnithadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skyndatdennehedenna · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of skyndatArchaic masculine demonstrative "denne" used anaphorically for a previously named male person.
skyndathurriedskynda · verb, active, supinecoordinated with förloradeframforwardfram · adverbdepends on skyndattilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking karlarettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies karlarkarlarmenkarl · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of skyndatsomwhosom · pronounsubject of varitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
helawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase somochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkvälleneveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with dagenhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supinerelative clause on karlaruteoutsideute · adverbmodifies varitpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of varitförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of bärgaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bärgainfinitive marker before a verb.
bärgasalvagingbärga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on varitkringdrivandedriftingkringdriva · adjective, nominativemodifies godsgodsgoodsgods · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of bärgaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies vorovorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with bärgaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
påon the waypå · prepositionpreposition marking hemväghemvägway homehemväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of voro- 56
The men were tired and sleepy.
Karlarnathe menKarlarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasevorowerevoro · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on Karlarnatröttatiredtrött · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with Karlarnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsömnigasleepysömnig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with trötta They had noticed neither the boy nor the fox, although these had run right in front of them.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevarkenneithervarken · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmärktnoticedmärka · verb, active, supinecoordinated with hadepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of märktelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrävenfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with pojkenfastalthoughfast · adverbmodifies sprungitdessathesedenna · pronoun, pluralsubject of sprungithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sprungitsprungitrunsprunga · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hadetättclosetätt · adverbmodifies sprungitframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of sprungitThe boy, for his part, did not bother to speak to them and ask for help, but contented himself with walking close beside them.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bryddebryddecaredbrydde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceOccurs mainly in the reflexive idiom 'brydde sig om' meaning 'cared about/bothered'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bryddeintenotinte · particlemodifies bryddehellereitherheller · adverbmodifies bryddeomtoom · prepositionintroduces the clause of talaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of talainfinitive marker before a verb.
talato speaktala · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on bryddetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of talaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbegäraask for/demandbegära · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with talahjälphelphjälp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of begärautanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
nöjdecontented (oneself)nöjde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with bryddesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of nöjdemedwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of gåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gåinfinitive marker before a verb.
gågogå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on nöjdetättclosetätt · adverbmodifies gåbredvidbesidebredvid · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of gå"The fox surely won't dare come all the way up to the humans," he thought.
Räventhe foxRäven · adverbmodifies vågathis is the definite noun form ('the fox'), not an adverb.
måttemustmåtte · adverbmodifies RävenModal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means "must"; the perfect sense ("must have") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain "must."
välsurelyväl · adverbmodifies vågaintenotinte · particlemodifies vågavågato darevåga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vågaändaall the wayända · adverbmodifies framframforwardfram · adverbmodifies vågatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking människornamänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of framtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to vågahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkte- 57
But soon he heard the fox come padding along.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehurhowhur · adverbmodifies komräventhe foxräven · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of hördetassandepadding alongtassande · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kom He was counting on the men taking him for a dog, since he came right up close to them.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räknaderäknadecountedräkna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenogprobablynog · adverbmodifies räknadepåcounting onpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of taattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of takarlarnathe menkarlarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of taskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on räknadehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of taförforför · prepositionpreposition marking hundenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hundhunddoghund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tatyforty · conjunctionlinks the coordinationArchaic causal conjunction, equivalent to 'because/for'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with räknadealldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies inpåinpåright up oninpå · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of kom"What kind of dog is that sneaking along after us?" said one of the men then.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phraseärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to Vaddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with Vadförkind offör · prepositionpreposition marking hundenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hundhunddoghund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Vadsomthatsom · pronounsubject of smygerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
smygercreepssmyga · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on hundefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of smygersadesaidsa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedåthendå · adverbmodifies sadedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of enaenaone ofena · adjective, nominativesubject of sadeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking karlarnakarlarnathe menkarlarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies ena"He's coming as close as if he meant to bite."
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesåasså · adverbmodifies näranäraclosenära · adverbmodifies kommerType lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära.
somassom · pronounintroduces the clause of bitasThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase somhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive bitasvillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bitasbitasbitebita · verb, passive, infinitiveadverbial clause on kommerThe other one stopped and looked around.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stannadeandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies stannadestannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stannadepast tense of se, 'to see.'
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sågomaroundom · prepositionpreposition marking såg"Get away with you!
BortawayBort · adverbmodifies digmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of »What business do you have here?" he said, and kicked at the fox so that it flew clear across the road.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harhärherehär · adverbmodifies haratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göradogöra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of harsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsparkadekickedsparka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadetillattill · prepositionpreposition marking rävenrävenfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sparkadesåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of vägenattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sådennehedenna · pronoun, masculine, singulardeterminer of vägenArchaic masculine demonstrative "denne" used anaphorically for a previously named male person.
forwas sent flyingfor · prepositionpreposition marking tvärsöverPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
tvärsöverstraight acrosstvärsöv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vägenLemma is corrupted; the word is the adverb tvärsöver.
vägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sadeAfter that the fox kept a couple of steps' distance, but he followed along the whole time.
Sedanthensedan · adverbmodifies höllhöllkepthålla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of höllrävenfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking stegsettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies stegsstegsstepsstegs · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of höllavstånddistanceavstånd · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of höllmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of följdeföljdefollowedfölja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with höllmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking tidenhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of följde- 58
The men were soon at the crofts and went together into one of the cottages.
Karlarnathe menKarlarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vorovorowerevoro · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies frammeframmearrived, at the destinationframme · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies voroFramme consistently conveys 'arrived at / at one's destination' (voro framme vid berget = 'were already at the mountain'; voro framme vid ... Lungersudden = 'arrived at'), not a bare locative 'there'.
vidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking torpentorpencroftstorp · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of voroochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationföljdeswent togetherfölj · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with voroåttogetheråt · adverbdepends on följdesMostly the adverb åt with the senses listed, but example ch02-p31-s1 ('Hela tiden, som pojken åt...') is not this adverb at all — it is åt as the past tense of äta ('ate'). The gloss's senses list must cover this example or a downstream consumer will render 'ate' as a directional adverb.
tillintotill · prepositionpreposition marking eneniten · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of följdesavofav · prepositionpreposition marking stugornastugornathe cottagesstugorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies en The boy had meant to go in with them, but when he had reached the front step, he had seen a large, splendid, long-haired watchdog come rushing out of its kennel to greet its master.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåämnatintendedämna · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of gåininin · adverbdepends on gåmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinecoordinated with gåpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking förstubronförstubronthe front stepförstubron · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of setthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settsettseense · verb, active, supinecoordinated with gåenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of settpräktigsplendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with storlånghåriglong-hairedlånghårig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bandhundbandhundwatchdogbandhund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with storLiterally "chain-dog", a dog kept tied up.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of settutrusanderushing oututrusande · adjective, nominativedirect object of kommaurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking kojasinitssig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of kojakojahutkoja · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommaförtoför · prepositionmodifies settattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase förhälsagreethälsa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase förBoth given examples are the verb hälsa, not the noun: 'hälsa på i varenda gård' = 'to visit every farm', 'låter nu hälsa dig' = 'sends word/greeting to you'. The tagged noun sense ('health') is not attested in these examples; flagging as context-dependent since the surface is shared between noun and verb.
pågreetpå · prepositionpreposition marking husbondenhusbondenmasterhusbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hälsaThen the boy had quickly changed his mind and stayed outside in the open.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ändratpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehastigtquicklyhastig · adverbmodifies ändratändratchangedändra · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ändratochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstannatstayedstanna · verb, active, supinecoordinated with ändratkvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on stannatuteoutsideute · adverbmodifies stannatiini · prepositionpreposition marking friadetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of friafriafreefri · adjective, nominative, singularoblique complement of stannat- 59
"Listen, watchdog!" said the boy in a low voice, as soon as the men had shut the door.
Hörhear/listenHör · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Hörbandhundwatchdogbandhund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies HörLiterally "chain-dog", a dog kept tied up.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Hörpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking röstlåglowlåg · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies röströstvoiceröst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sadesåasså · adverbmodifies snartsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies sadesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stängtkarlarnathe menkarlarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of stängtstängtshut/closedstäng · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on snartdörrendoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of stängt "I wonder if you'd be willing to help me catch a fox tonight."
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undrarundrarwondersundra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hjälpaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hjälpavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hjälpahjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of undrarmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälpamedwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of fångaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fångainfinitive marker before a verb.
fångato catchfånga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hjälpaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rävrävfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fångaitonighti · prepositionmodifies fånganattnightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase i- 60
The watchdog had poor eyesight, and being tied up had made him hot-tempered and quarrelsome.
Bandhundenwatchdogbandhund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadeLiterally "chain-dog", a dog kept tied up.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedåligbaddålig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies synsynsightsyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhetsighot-temperedhetsig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationargsintquarrelsomeargsint · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hetsighadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hadeavbyav · prepositionintroduces the clause of ståatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ståinfinitive marker before a verb.
ståstandstå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of blivitbundenboundbunden · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of stå "Am I to catch a fox?" he barked out in a fury.
Skulleam I toskullole · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fångajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fångafångato catchfånga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rävrävfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fångaskälldebarkedskälldea · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skälldetillouttill · prepositiondepends on skälldeiini · prepositionpreposition marking vredesmodvredesmodfuryvredesmod · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skällde"Who are you, coming here to make fun of me?
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phraseärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to Vadduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Vadförsort offör · prepositioncopula linking to Vadenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularcopula linking to Vadsomwhosom · pronounsubject of kommerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on Vadochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgördoesgöra · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with kommernarrfoolnarr · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gör'göra narr av' = 'to make a fool of/mock'.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of görJust get within my reach, and you'll learn not to joke with me!"
KomcomeKom · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of Kombarajustbara · adverbmodifies Kominomwithininom · prepositionpreposition marking räckhållräckhållreachräckhåll · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of Komskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of läraduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lärafåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of läraläralearnlära · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with Komatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of skämtainfinitive marker before a verb.
intenotinte · particlemodifies skämtaskämtajokeskämta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on läramedwithmed · prepositiondepends on skämtamigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of skämta- 61
"I'm not the least bit afraid to come close to you, believe me," said the boy, and ran up to the dog.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies räddärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to räddjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räddräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on räddnäranearnära · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommamåmaymå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of troduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trotrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with räddsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with räddpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsprangransprangma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadeLemma is corrupted; surfaces are only "sprang" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma.
framforwardfram · adverbdepends on sprangtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking hundenhundendoghund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sprang When the dog saw him, he was so astonished that he could not say a word.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågdennehedenna · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of sågArchaic masculine demonstrative "denne" used anaphorically for a previously named male person.
sågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blevpast tense of se, 'to see.'
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sågblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevsåsoså · adverbmodifies häpenhäpenastonishedhäp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevPredicate adjective häpen ('astonished'); tagged as noun.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sägahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägaintenotinte · particlemodifies sägakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on blevettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ordordwordord · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of säga- 62
"It is I, who am called Thumbietot, and who travel about with the wild geese," said the boy.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of jagärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to jagjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomwhosom · pronounsubject of passive kallasThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kallasis calledkalla · verb, present, indicative, passivedepends on jagTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativecomplement of kallasthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsomwhosom · pronounsubject of reserThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
resertravelresa · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with kallas3 of 4 examples in this chunk are reflexive 'reser sig' meaning 'rises/raises itself' (a mill, a wall, a town), not 'travels'. The glosser's single gloss 'travels' only fits the ch04-p17 example.
omkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies vildgässenmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of reserattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to jagpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade "Haven't you heard tell of me?"
Harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of talasduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive talasintenotinte · particlemodifies talashörtheardhöra · verb, active, supineauxiliary of talastalasto be talked abouttala · verb, passive, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceIdiom hört talas om = 'heard tell of.'
omofom · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talas— "The sparrows have certainly chirped about you now and then," said the dog.
Sparvarnathe sparrowsSparvarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kvittratharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kvittratvisstcertainlyviss · adverbmodifies kvittratsurface visst here is the adverb 'certainly/surely', not the adjective viss 'certain'.
kvittratchirpedkvittra · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseomofom · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kvittratiblandnow and thenibland · adverbmodifies kvittratsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to kvittrathundendoghund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade"You're said to have done great things for one so small."
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of utförtlärare said tolära · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of utförthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of utförtutförtcarried oututföra · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencestorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tingtingthingsting · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of utförtförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of litenatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of liteninfinitive marker before a verb.
varabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to litensåsoså · adverbmodifies litenlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on utfört— "Things have gone tolerably well for me up to now," said the boy, "but now it will be all up with me, unless you're willing to help me.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gåttharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttgonegå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencetämligenfairlytämligen · adverbmodifies brabrawellbra · adverbmodifies gåttförforför · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåtthittilldagsup to nowhittilldag · verb, passive, infinitivequantifies gåttsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gåttpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies lärläris said tolär · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varamodal expressing hearsay or likelihood.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lärvarabevara · verb, active, infinitivedepends on sadeuteoutsideute · adverbmodifies varamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uteomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hjälpaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hjälpaintenotinte · particlemodifies hjälpavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hjälpahjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sademigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of hjälpaI have a fox right on my heels.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rävrävfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hackhackat my heelshack · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of harioni · prepositionpreposition marking hälhälheelhäl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of harefterbehindefter · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hälHe's standing lurking behind the corner."
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlurarlies in waitlura · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with stårbakombehindbakom · prepositionpreposition marking knutenknutenthe cornerknuten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lurar— "Well, I can certainly smell him, upon my word," said the watchdog.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on luktasannerligentrulysannerligen · adverbmodifies luktakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of luktajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of luktaintenotinte · particlemodifies luktaluktasmelllukta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of luktasadesaidsade · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to luktabandhundenthe chained dogbandhunde · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sade"We'll soon be rid of him."
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of bliskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of blisnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceavawayav · prepositiondepends on blimedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking bliAnd the watchdog rushed off, as far as the chain would allow, and barked and snarled for a good while.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbandhundenthe watchdogbandhund · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of rusaderusaderushedrusa · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseTagged as an adjective but is the past tense of the verb 'rusa', 'rushed'.
åstadoffåstad · proper noun, nominativeadverbial clause on rusadeAdverb 'åstad' (off, away); mistagged as proper noun.
såasså · adverbmodifies långtlångtfarlångt · adverbadverbial clause on rusadesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tillätlänkenthe chainlänk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tillättillätallowedtillät · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on långtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskälldebarkedskällde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with rusadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgläfstesnappedgläfste · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with skälldeMistagged as adjective; it is the past tense of the verb 'gläfsa' (to snap/yap).
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundlånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skällde- 63
"Now I don't think he'll show himself again tonight," said the dog.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trorintenotinte · particlemodifies trorattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of visahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of visavisato showvisa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of trorsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of visameragainmycket · adverbmodifies visaitonighti · prepositionmodifies visanattnightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase isadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with visahundendoghund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade — "It takes more than a fine bit of barking to frighten off that fox," said the boy.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of passive behövsbehövsis neededbehöva · verb, present, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentencemermoremycket · adverbmodifies behövsänthanän · prepositionpart of the phrase merettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of grantgrantfine/splendidgrant · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase merskallwillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sadeförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of skrämmaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of skrämmainfinitive marker before a verb.
skrämmato frightenskrämma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skalldeniten · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of skrämmadärtheredär · adverbmodifies rävenrävenfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on densadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to behövspojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade"He'll soon be back again, and it's just as well, for I've made up my mind that you're to take him prisoner."
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of härärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to härsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies härhärherehär · adverbhead of the phraseigenagainigen · adverbmodifies härochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of välvorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to välbarajustbara · adverbmodifies välväljust as wellväl · adverbmodifies härförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of gjortjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjortharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjortgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on väloppupopp · adverbdepends on gjortColloquial/dialectal spelling of 'upp'.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gjortsjälvmyselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying migattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of taduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of taskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gjorthonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of tatillas prisonertill · prepositionintroduces the clause of fångafångato catchfånga · verb, active, infinitiveoblique complement of ta— "Are you starting to make sport of me now?" said the dog.
BörjarbeginsBörja · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Börjarnunownu · adverbmodifies Börjaratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förainfinitive marker before a verb.
föramake sportföra · verb, active, infinitivedepends on Börjarspektakelsportspektakel · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of föramedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehundendoghund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade— "Just come with me into the kennel, so the fox can't hear us," said the boy, "and I'll tell you how you're to go about it!"
KomcomeKom · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencebarajustbara · adverbmodifies Kommedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Komininin · adverbdepends on Komiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking kojankojankennelkojan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of KomThe studio translation renders the same doghouse as "hut" (ch03-p68) and as "kennel" (ch33-p63, ch33-p65); match whichever the passage uses.
såsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of höraattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såintenotinte · particlemodifies höraräventhe foxräven · adverbsubject of höraMistagged as an adverb; it is the definite noun 'räven', 'the fox'.
kancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörahörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on Komossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hörasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Kompojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesåandså · adverbadverbial clause on sägaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sadedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of sägahurhowhur · adverbmodifies bäraduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bäraskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bärabärato carrybära · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of sägadigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of bäraåtabout itåt · prepositiondepends on bära- 64
The boy and the watchdog crept into the kennel and lay there whispering.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kröpoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbandhundenthe watchdogbandhund · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with Pojkenkröpocreptkröpo · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceHistorical plural past-tense form of 'krypa' (to creep).
ininin · adverbdepends on kröpoiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking kojankojanhutkoja · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kröpoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlågolaylågo · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with kojanmistagged as a noun; this is the archaic plural past tense of ligga 'to lie' (they lay).
därtheredär · adverbmodifies lågoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationviskadewhisperedviska · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kojan - 65
After a while the fox poked his nose out from behind the corner, and when everything was quiet, he came softly into the yard.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking stackenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stackstackpokedstack · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of rävenThis is actually the past tense of the verb stinga 'to stick/poke', mistagged as a noun.
rävenfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseframforwardfram · adverbdepends on rävennosenmuzzlenos · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of rävenbakombehindbakom · prepositionpreposition marking knutenknutenthe cornerknuten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rävenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stillaallteverythingall · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of stillavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to stillastillastillstilla · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with rävenkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komsaktasoftlysakta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of komsakta doubles as the adverb 'slowly' (flög sakta) and the verb 'to slacken' (sakta farten).
ininin · adverbdepends on saktapåintopå · prepositionpreposition marking gårdengårdenyardgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sakta He scented the boy all the way to the doghouse and sat down at a suitable distance to think over how he might lure him out.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vädradevädradesniffed the airvädra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vädradeändaall the wayända · adverbmodifies hundkojantilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking hundkojanhundkojanthe doghousehundkojan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vädradeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vädradepast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sattepåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking avståndlämpligtsuitablelämplig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies avståndavstånddistanceavstånd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of satteförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of tänkaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tänkainfinitive marker before a verb.
tänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on satteefteroverefter · prepositionintroduces the clause of lockahurhowhur · adverbmodifies lockahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lockaskullemightskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lockakunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of lockalockalure/temptlocka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tänkautoutut · adverbdepends on lockahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lockaSuddenly the watchdog stuck out his head and growled at him: "Get away!
PlötsligensuddenlyPlötsligen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseAdverb mislabeled as a noun.
stackstuckstack · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies bandhundenThis is actually the past tense of the verb stinga 'to stick/poke', mistagged as a noun.
bandhundenthe watchdogbandhunde · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Plötsligenutoutut · adverbmodifies bandhundenhuvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies bandhundenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmorradegrowledmorra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with huvudetåtatåt · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies bandhundenGågogå · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencedinyourdu · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of vägvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of GåOr else I'll come and take you."
Annarsotherwiseannars · adverbmodifies kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtartakesta · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with kommerdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of tar— "I'll sit here as long as I please, for all you care," said the fox.
Nogcertainlynog · adverbmodifies sittersittersitssitta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sitterhärherehär · adverbmodifies sittersåasså · adverbintroduces the clause of villlängeas long aslänge · adverbpart of the phrase såjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villvillwantsvilja · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sitterförforför · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sittersadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to sitterrävenfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade— "Get away!" said the dog once more, in a threatening tone.
Gågogå · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencedinyourdu · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of vägvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of Gåsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Gåhundendoghund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gångenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking tonhotandethreateninghotande · adjective, nominativemodifies tontontoneton · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies gång"Or else you'll have hunted for the last time tonight."
Annarsotherwiseannars · adverbmodifies jagatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of jagatduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haritonighti · prepositionmodifies jagatnattnightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase ijagathuntedjagad · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseförforför · prepositionpreposition marking gångensistalastsista · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies gångengångentimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of jagatBut the fox only grinned at him and did not budge from the spot.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationräventhe foxräven · verb, imperative, activesubject of grinadebarajustbara · adverbmodifies grinadegrinadegrinnedgrina · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseåtatåt · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of grinadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvekturned offvek · verb, past, indicative, activemodifies urintenotinte · particlemodifies vekurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking fläckenfläckenspotfläck · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with honom"I know quite well how far your chain reaches," he said.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencealltquite wellallt · adverbmodifies vethurhowhur · adverbmodifies räckerlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies kedjadinyourdu · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of kedjakedjachainkedja · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räckerräckerreachesräcka · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of vetsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to vethanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade— "I've warned you twice," said the dog, and came out of the kennel.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varnatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varnatvarnatwarnedvarna · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of varnattvåtwotvå · numeral, nominativequantifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of varnathundendoghund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadeutoutut · adverbdepends on komurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking kojankojankennelkojan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komThe studio translation renders the same doghouse as "hut" (ch03-p68) and as "kennel" (ch33-p63, ch33-p65); match whichever the passage uses.
"Now you have only yourself to blame."
Nunownu · adverbmodifies skyllafårhavefå · verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of skylladuyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skyllaskyllablameskylla · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of skyllasjälvyourselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying dig- 66
At the same instant he threw himself with a long leap upon the fox and reached him without the least difficulty, for he was loose.
Iati · prepositionpreposition marking kastadedetsammathe same instantdetsamma · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies kastadekastadethrewkasta · adjective, nominative, singularhead of the phraseMistagged as an adjective; 'kastade' is the past tense of the verb 'kasta' (to throw).
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kastadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kastademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking språngettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of språnglångtlonglångt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies språngBoth examples ('for fram ett långt stycke' = 'sped along a long stretch', 'tog ett långt hopp' = 'took a long leap') mean 'long' (length), not 'far' (distance).
språngleapsprång · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kastadeöveruponöver · prepositionpreposition marking rävenrävenfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies språngochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnåddereachednå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kastadehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of nåddeutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
minstaleastliten · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies svårighetsvårighetdifficultysvårighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nåddeförforför · prepositionpreposition marking hanhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lösvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to löslöslooselös · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with kastade The boy had unbuckled his collar.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceknäpptunbuckledknäpp · verb, active, supinedirect object of hadeuppupupp · adverbdepends on knäppthanshishan · pronounpossessor of halsbandhalsbandcollarhalsband · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of knäppt- 67
There arose a few moments' struggle, but it was soon decided.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with uppstoduppstodaroseuppstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ögonblicksögonblicksmoments'ögonblick · noun, genitive, neuter, pluralpossessor of stridstridstrugglestrid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of uppstodmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of avgjordvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to avgjordsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies avgjordavgjordsettledavgjord · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with uppstod The dog stood as victor, the fox lay on the ground and did not dare stir.
Hundendoghund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesomassom · prepositionintroduces the clause of segrareFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
segrarevictorsegrare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of stodräventhe foxräv · adverbsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvågadedaredvåga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodintenotinte · particlemodifies rörarörastirröra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of vågadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of röra"Yes, hold still now!" said the dog.
Jayesja · interjectionmodifies »hålldirectionshåll · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralpart of the phrase Jadigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of hållnunownu · adverbmodifies stillastillastillstilla · adverbmodifies hållsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehundendoghund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade"Or I'll bite you to death."
Annarsotherwiseannars · adverbmodifies biterbiterbitebit · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldepends on ihjälTwo examples ('biter') are actually the present tense of bita (to bite), mixed in under this noun key.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of biterihjälto deathihjäl · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of ihjälHe took the fox by the scruff of the neck and dragged him to his kennel, and there the boy came with the dog chain and put the collar twice around his neck and fastened it tight, so that he was securely bound.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencerävenfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of togibyi · prepositionpreposition marking nackennackenthe necknack · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of togOnly surface is definite 'nacken'; all four examples render it 'the neck'/'his neck', not bare 'neck'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsläpadedraggedsläpa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with toghonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of släpadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking kojasinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of kojakojahutkoja · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of släpadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärtheredär · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with togpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hundlänkenhundlänkenthe dog chainhundlänken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationladelaidlade · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with komhalsbandetcollarhalsband · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of ladetvåtwotvå · numeral, nominativequantifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of komomifom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking halsenhalsenneckhalse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gångerpåhispå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies halsenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationspändefastenedspän · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with halsentilltighttill · prepositionpart of the phrase spändesåsoså · adverbpart of the phrase tillattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blevhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on komsäkertsurelysäker · adverbmodifies fastgjordfastgjordsecurely boundfastgjora · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevAnd through all this the fox had to lie still and dared not stir.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationunderthroughunder · prepositionpreposition marking dettaalltallall · determiner, neuter, singularpart of the phrase underdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of liggamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of liggaräventhe foxräven · adverbauxiliary of liggaMistagged as an adverb; it is the definite noun 'räven', 'the fox'.
liggato lieligga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencestillastillstilla · adverbdepends on liggaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvågadedaredvåga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with liggaintenotinte · particlemodifies rörarörastirröra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of vågadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of röra- 68
"Now I hope, Smirre Fox, that you'll make a good watchdog," said the boy, when he was finished.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies hoppashoppashopehoppas · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hoppasSmirreSmirresmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies rävName of Smirre the fox; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a comparative adjective.
rävfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hoppasattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blidetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with bliskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of hoppasenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bandhundgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bandhundbandhundwatchdogbandhund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bliLiterally "chain-dog", a dog kept tied up.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blisadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to hoppaspojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of färdighanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of färdigvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to färdigfärdigreadyfärdig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on sade
The particulars
- The text
- Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige, Selma Lagerlöf. The Wonderful Adventures of Nils.
- Translation
- Public-domain Swedish (Lagerlöf, d. 1940; published 1906–07). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
- Words
- Every word of the text, by letter.
- Data
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