Swedish · The Wonderful Adventures of Nils
Fram över Gästrikland
Onward Across Gästrikland
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The eagle continued flying until he had come a good distance north of Stockholm.
Örnenthe eagleÖrnen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fortsattefortsattecontinuedfortsatte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of flygainfinitive marker before a verb.
flygaflyflyga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fortsattetillsuntiltills · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on fortsatteettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of styckegottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies styckestyckepiecestycke · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kommitnorrnorthnorr · adverbmodifies kommitomofom · prepositionpreposition marking StockholmStockholmStockholmStockholm · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of norr There he lowered himself into a wooded hillside and loosened the grip with which he held the boy fast.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies sänktesänkteloweredsänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sänktesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sänktenerdownner · adverbmodifies sänkteiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking skogsbackeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skogsbackeskogsbackewooded hillsideskogsbacke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlossadeloosenedlossa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sänktegreppetgripgrepp · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of lossadevarmedwith whichvarmed · adverbmodifies lossadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllhöllheldhålla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sänktefastfastfast · adverbmodifies höllpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of höll- 2
But no sooner did the boy feel himself free than he began running back toward the city, as fast as he was able.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdennehe/this onedenne · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of kändekändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kändeintenotinte · particlemodifies kändeförrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies kändefrifreefri · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of kändeänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of börjadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kändespringato runspringa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadeOne cited example uses the homograph springa "slit/crack" (a different noun); this type is the infinitive verb "to run".
tillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies springamottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking stadenstadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tillbakaalltallall · determiner, neuter, singularintroduces the clause of förmåddevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase allthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förmåddeförmåddewas ableförmådde · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kände - 3
The eagle then made a long leap, caught up with the boy, and laid his foot over him.
Örnenthe eagleÖrnen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedåthendå · adverbmodifies gjordeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of hopplångtlonglångt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hoppBoth examples ('for fram ett långt stycke' = 'sped along a long stretch', 'tog ett långt hopp' = 'took a long leap') mean 'long' (length), not 'far' (distance).
hoppleaphopp · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gjordeTwo distinct homonyms share the spelling hopp: 'leap' and 'hope.'
hannhad timehann · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gjordePast tense of hinna, 'to have time to / manage to (before something else happens)'.
uppupupp · adverbdepends on hannpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hannochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationladelaidla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hann"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
fotenfootfot · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ladeöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lade »Is it your intention to go back to the prison?» he asked.
Ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to meningdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with meningdinyourdu · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of meningmeningintentionmening · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on »atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vändainfinitive marker before a verb.
vändato turnvända · verb, active, infinitivedepends on meningtillbakabacktillbaka · adverbdepends on vändatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking fängelsetfängelsetthe prisonfängels · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of tillbakafrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågade— »What business is that of yours? I suppose I may go wherever I like, for all you care,» said the boy, and tried to get away.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of harharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activedepends on —duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of haratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göradogöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on harJagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåmåttemustmåtte · adverbmodifies gåModal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means "must"; the perfect sense ("must have") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain "must."
välsupposeväl · adverbmodifies gåfåmayfå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencevartwherevart · adverbintroduces the clause of villjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villvillwantsvilja · verb, present, indicative, activein apposition to gåförforför · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to gåpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförsöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försökteundanawayundan · adverbdepends on kommaThen the eagle gripped him firmly again with his strong talons, lifted off, and flew north once more.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies fattadefattadegrippedfatta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceörneneagleörn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of fattadestadigtfirmlystadig · adverbmodifies fattadeomaroundom · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fattademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking tårsinahissig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of tårstarkastrongstark · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tårtårtalonstår · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of fattadeSame surface covers two distinct nouns: 'tår' (tear) and 'tå'/'tår' (talon/toe, plural); occurrences disambiguated by context.
lyfteliftedlyfte · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to fattadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationforflewfor · prepositionpart of the phrase ochPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
återigenagainåterig · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase forThis is the adverb återigen 'again', mistagged as a noun.
norrutnorthwardnorrut · adverbcoordinated with lyfte- 4
Now the eagle flew with the boy over the whole of Uppland and did not stop until he came to the great waterfall at Älvkarleby.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies flögflögflewflög · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceActually the past tense of flyga ('to fly'), mistagged here as present.
örneneagleörn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flögmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flögöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking Upplandhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies UpplandUpplandUpplandUppland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of flögochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with flögintenotinte · particlemodifies stannadeförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies komused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on flögtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking vattenfalletdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of vattenfalletstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies vattenfalletweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
vattenfalletwaterfallvattenfall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of komvidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking ÄlvkarlebyÄlvkarlebyÄlvkarlebyÄlvkarleby · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of kom He alighted on a rock that lay in the middle of the river just below the roaring falls, and once again released his captive.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slogslogalightedslå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
nerdownner · adverbdepends on slogpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking stenenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stenstenstonesten · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slogsomthatsom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
låglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on stenmittin the middlemitt · adverbdepends on lågiini · prepositionpreposition marking älvenälvenriverälv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågstraxjuststrax · adverbmodifies falletnedanförbelownedanför · prepositionpreposition marking falletdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of falletbrusanderoaringbrusande · adjective, nominativemodifies falletdescribes rushing water or wind.
falletfallsfall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsläpptereleasedsläppte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with slogpåagainpå · prepositionpreposition marking fångennyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies fångenlöslooselös · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fångenfångencaptivefång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of släpptePredicate use of the past participle of fånga ('to catch'); tagged as noun but functions adjectivally.
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The boy saw at once that there was no possibility of escaping the eagle here.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
genastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies sågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fannshärherehär · adverbmodifies fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativeadverbial clause on sågexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
ingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of möjlighetmöjlighetpossibilitymöjlighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannsatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of rymmainfinitive marker before a verb.
rymmato holdrymma · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying möjlighetfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking örnenörneneagleörn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rymma Above them the falls' white wall of foam came crashing down, and all around them the river surged past in a mighty torrent.
Ovanföraboveovanför · adverbmodifies demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralsubject of komkomcame crashingkomma · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencefalletsthe waterfall'sfall · noun, genitive, neuter, singularpossessor of skumväggvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies skumväggskumväggwall of foamskumvägg · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of komnerstörtandecrashing downnerstörtande · adjective, nominativepreposition marking skumväggochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationruntaroundrunt · adverbmodifies demomkringaroundomkring · adverbpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of strömmadeströmmadestreamedströmma · verb, past, indicative, activemodifies älvenälvenriverälv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with komframforwardfram · adverbmodifies komiini · prepositionpreposition marking forsmäktigmightymäktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies forsforsrapidsfors · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of framHe was very bitter at being made a breaker of his word in this way.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förbittradvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to förbittradmycketverymycket · adverbmodifies förbittradförbittradembitteredförbittrad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseöveratöver · prepositionintroduces the clause of görasatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görasinfinitive marker before a verb.
påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättdettathisdenna · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of görasgörasbe donegöra · verb, passive, infinitiveadverbial clause on förbittradtillintotill · prepositionpreposition marking ordbrytareordbrytarebreaker of his wordordbrytare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of görasHe turned his back on the eagle and would not say a word to him.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändevändeturnedväna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända.
ryggenbackrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of vändeåtonåt · prepositionpreposition marking örnenörneneagleörn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vändeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägaintenotinte · particlemodifies sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with vändeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ordordwordord · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sägatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of säga- 6
But once the eagle had set the boy down in a place from which he could not get away, he told him that he had been raised by Akka from Kebnekaise, and that he had fallen into enmity with his foster mother.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sattörneneagleörn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sattnunownu · adverbmodifies satthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sattsattputsätta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencenerdownner · adverbdepends on sattpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sattpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking platsenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of platsplatsplaceplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattdärtheredär · adverbmodifies undkommadennehedenna · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of undkommaArchaic masculine demonstrative "denne" used anaphorically for a previously named male person.
intenotinte · particlemodifies undkommakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of undkommaundkommaescapeundkomma · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on platsberättadetoldberätta · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to satthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of berättadeförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of berättadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of uppfostradhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · auxiliary verb, active, supinepassive auxiliary of uppfostraduppfostradraiseduppfostra · verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominativeclausal complement of berättadeavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking AkkaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativeagent of uppfostradproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
frånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking KebnekajseKebnekajseKebnekaiseKebnekajse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uppfostradMountain in Lapland; Akka's epithet 'from Kebnekajse.'
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of råkathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkatråkatfallen intoråka · verb, active, supinecoordinated with uppfostradiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking fiendskapfiendskapenmityfiendskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of råkatmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking fostermorsinhersig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of fostermorfostermorfoster motherfostermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of råkat »And now perhaps you understand, Thumbietot, why I want to bring you back to the wild geese,» he said at last. »I have heard it said that you stand high in Akka's favor, and it was my intention to ask you to make peace between us.»
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies förstårkanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies förstårduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstårförstårunderstand(s)förstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with förstårthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
varförwhyvarför · adverbmodifies förajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of föravillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of föraförabringföra · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on Tummetottdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of föratillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies föratilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tillbakaattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to förstårhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadetillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies sadesistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase tillJagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörtharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörthörtheardhöra · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesägasto be saidsäga · verb, passive, infinitivecomplement of hörtattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stårduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of hörthögthighhög · adverbmodifies stårthis type bundles the positive, comparative, and superlative degree forms (högt, högre, högst) under one entry.
iini · prepositiondepends on stårgunstfavorgunst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase ihoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking AkkaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of stårproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of meningvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to meningminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of meningpossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
meningintentionmening · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ståratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of beinfinitive marker before a verb.
beto askbe · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying meningdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of bemedlamake peacemedla · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of befredpeacefred · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of bemellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of be- 7
As soon as the boy understood that the eagle had not carried him off out of mere willfulness, he grew friendly toward him.
Såasså · adverbmodifies pojkensnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies Såpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies begrepbegrepunderstoodbegrep · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on blevPast-tense verb 'begrep' (understood), mistagged as a noun.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förtörneneagleörn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förtintenotinte · particlemodifies förthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förtförtcarriedföra · verb, active, supinedepends on begrepbortawaybort · adverbdepends on förthonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of förtbarajustbara · adverbmodifies förtavout ofav · prepositionpreposition marking egensinneegensinnewillfulnessegensinne · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of förtblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevvänligfriendlyvänlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevmottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blev »I would very gladly have liked to help you with what you're asking of me,» he said, »but I am, after all, bound by my promise.»
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hjälpabravery gladlybra · adverbmodifies velatgärnavery gladlygärna · adverbmodifies velatType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
velatwantedvela · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hjälpaMistagged as an adjective; surface 'velat' is the supine of vilja (to want).
hjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälpamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of hjälpasomwhatsom · pronounoblique complement of berThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of berberasksbe · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on dettamigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of beromofom · prepositionintroduces the clause of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on berhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bundenärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to bundenjuafter allju · adverbmodifies bundenbundenboundbunden · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sadeavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking löftemittmyjag · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of löfteThis entry is really the possessive "mitt" (neuter agreement), mistagged under the lemma jag.
löftepromiselöfte · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies bundenAnd now he told the eagle in his turn how he had fallen into captivity, and that Klement Larsson had left Skansen without setting him free.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies berättadeberättadetoldberätta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of berättadeiini · prepositionmodifies berättadesinin turnsig · pronoun, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iturturntur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking örnenörneneagleörn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of berättadehurhowhur · adverbmodifies råkathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkatråkatfallen intoråka · verb, active, supineclausal complement of berättadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking fångenskapenfångenskapencaptivityfångenskap · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of råkatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lämnatKlementKlementKlement · proper noun, nominativemodifies LarssonProper name, Klement Larsson.
LarssonLarssonLarsson · proper noun, nominativesubject of lämnatSurname, Klement Larsson.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lämnatlämnatleftlämna · verb, active, supinecoordinated with råkatSkansenSkansenSkansen · proper noun, nominativedirect object of lämnatutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of geatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of geinfinitive marker before a verb.
geto givege · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on lämnathonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of gefrifreefri · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of ge- 8
But the eagle did not, in any case, want to give up his plans.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationörneneagleörn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villevillewantedvilja · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of avståiin any casei · prepositionpreposition marking fallallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fallfallcasesfall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of avståintenotinte · particlemodifies avståavståto give upavstå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking planersinahissig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of planerplanerplansplan · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of avstå »Listen to me now, Thumbietot!» he said. »My wings can carry you wherever you want to go, and my eyes can seek out whatever you wish to find. Tell me what the man looked like who took the promise from you, and I shall search him out and bring you to him! After that it will be your own affair to persuade him to set you free.»
Hörhear/listenHör · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies Hörpåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of HörTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativeparallel clause to Hörthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Hörhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeMinamyMina · pronoun, pluralpossessor of vingarvingarwingsving · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of bärakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bärabärato carrybära · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of bäravartwherevart · adverbmodifies kommaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivein apposition to bäraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationminamyjag · pronoun, pluralpossessor of ögonThis entry is really the possessive "mina" (plural agreement), mistagged under the lemma jag.
ögoneyesögon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of letakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of letaletato searchleta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with bäraredafind outreda · adverbdepends on letapart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påoutpå · prepositionpreposition marking vadvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of finnahelstevergärna · adverbpart of the phrase vadType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finnavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of finnafinnafindfinna · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of letaTalatellTala · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceomtellom · prepositionpreposition marking migförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies Talahurhowhur · adverbmodifies sågmannenmanman · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of Talapast tense of se, 'to see.'
utlookut · adverbdepends on sågsomwhosom · pronounsubject of togThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
togtookta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with såglöftetthe promiselöft · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of togavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of togochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sökaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sökasökasearchsöka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sågoppupopp · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on sökamistagged as a verb; this is the dialectal/colloquial adverb opp, a variant of upp 'up'.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of oppochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförabringföra · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sökadigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of föratilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of föraSedanthensedan · adverbmodifies blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of blirdinyourdu · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of saksakthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bliratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förmåinfinitive marker before a verb.
förmåpersuadeförmå · verb, active, infinitivedepends on blirhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of förmåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of geinfinitive marker before a verb.
geto givege · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on förmådigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of gefrifreefri · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of ge- 9
The boy thought this a good proposal.
Dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktevarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to förslagettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of förslaggottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies förslagförslagproposalförslag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of tyckte »I can well tell, Gorgo, that you have had as wise a bird as Akka for a foster mother,» he said.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märkermärkernoticesmärka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenogwellnog · adverbmodifies märkerGorgoGorgoGorgo · proper noun, nominativeparallel clause to märkerProper name of an eagle character.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of haftduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haftharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinedepends on Gorgoenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fågelsåasså · adverbmodifies visviswisevis · adverbmodifies fågelfågelbirdfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haftsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of AkkaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativecomplement of fågelproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
tillastill · prepositionpreposition marking fostermorfostermorfoster motherfostermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Akkasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to märkerhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeHe then described Klement Larsson very carefully, and added that he had heard it said at Skansen that the little fiddler was supposed to be from Hälsingland.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of beskrevbeskrevdescribedbeskriva · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedärpåthen/after thatdärpå · adverbmodifies beskrevKlementKlementKlement · proper noun, nominativedirect object of beskrevProper name, Klement Larsson.
LarssonLarssonLarsson · proper noun, nominativedepends on KlementSurname, Klement Larsson.
mycketverymycket · adverbmodifies noganogacarefulnoga · adjective, nominativemodifies beskrevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tilladetilladeaddedtilla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with beskrevattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sägashanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive sägashadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägashörtheardhöra · verb, active, supineauxiliary of sägassägasto be saidsäga · verb, passive, infinitiveadverbial clause on tilladepåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking SkansenSkansenSkansenSkansen · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of sägasattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lillelillelittlelille · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularmodifies spelmannenspelmannenfiddlerspelmann · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varaskullewas supposed toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varavarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivedepends on sägasfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking HälsinglandHälsinglandHälsinglandHälsingland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of vara- 10
»We shall search through the whole of Hälsingland, from Lingbo to Mellansjö, from Storberget to Hornslandet,» said the eagle. »Tomorrow before evening you shall be speaking with the man.»
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sökaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sökasökasearchsöka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceigenomthroughigenom · prepositiondepends on sökahelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies HälsinglandHälsinglandHälsinglandHälsingland · proper noun, nominativedirect object of sökaifrånfromifrån · prepositionpreposition marking LingboLingboLingboLingbo · proper noun, nominativemodifies Hälsinglandtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking MellansjöMellansjöMellansjöMellansjö · proper noun, nominativemodifies Lingboifrånfromifrån · prepositionpreposition marking StorbergetStorbergetStorbergetStorberget · proper noun, nominativemodifies Hälsinglandtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking HornslandetHornslandetHornslandetHornslandet · proper noun, nominativemodifies Storbergetsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to sökaörneneagleörn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sadeItomorrowi · prepositionhead of the phrasemorgonmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase Iinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommakvälleneveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on Itillspeak withtill · prepositiondepends on kommatalsspeakingtals · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase tillOccurs in komma till tals med, ‘get to speak with’.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking karlenkarlenmankarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komma — »Now you're certainly promising more than you can keep,» said the boy.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies lovarlovarpromiseslova · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lovarvisstcertainlyviss · adverbmodifies lovarsurface visst here is the adverb 'certainly/surely', not the adjective viss 'certain'.
mermoremycket · adverbmodifies lovaränthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hålladuyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hållakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållahållato keephålla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on lovarsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to lovarpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade— »I would be a poor eagle indeed if I weren't good for that much,» answered Gorgo.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of örnvorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to örnvälindeedväl · adverbmodifies voreenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of örndåligbaddålig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies örnörneagleörn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svaradeomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dugdejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dugdeintenotinte · particlemodifies dugdedugdewas fit fordugde · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on örnpast tense of duga ('to be good/fit for'); mistagged as noun.
tillfortill · prepositionpreposition marking mycketsåthatså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycken · adverbmodifies dugdesvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceGorgoGorgoGorgo · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of svaradeProper name of an eagle character; mistagged as a common noun plural.
- 11
When Gorgo and Thumbietot left Älvkarleby, they were good friends, and the boy now settled himself to ride on the eagle's back.
Närwhennär · adverbintroduces the clause of resteFunctions as a subordinating conjunction, not an adverb.
GorgoGorgoGorgo · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of resteProper name (a wild goose/duck character) mistagged as an adjective.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Gorgothe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
resteleftresa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking ÄlvkarlebyÄlvkarlebyÄlvkarlebyÄlvkarleby · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of restevorowerevoro · verb, imperative, activecoordinated with resteOld plural past tense of vara ('to be'), mistagged here as imperative.
detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vännerSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
godagoodgod · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vännervännerfriendsvänn · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of voroochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattesattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with restepast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sattenunownu · adverbmodifies satteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ridainfinitive marker before a verb.
ridato riderida · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of sattepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking örnryggenörnryggenthe eagle's backörnrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rida In this way he came once more to have the chance of seeing something of the country he was flying over.
Påinpå · prepositionmodifies komsåthatså · adverbpart of the phrase Påsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase Påkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komåterigenagainåterig · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies komThis is the adverb återigen 'again', mistagged as a noun.
ito have the chancei · prepositionpreposition marking tillfälletillfällechancetillfälle · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of komatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on komnågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of seavofav · prepositionpreposition marking trakterdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of trakterSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
trakterdistrictstrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies någotsomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of seThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies somforflewfor · prepositionmodifies överPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
framforwardfram · adverbpart of the phrase foröveroveröver · prepositionmodifies somWhen he had been carried in the eagle's talon, he had not been able to see anything.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of buritshanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive buritshadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of buritsburitsbeen carriedburits · verb, passive, supineadverbial clause on hadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking kloörnensthe eagle'sörn · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of klokloclawklo · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of buritshadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadeingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hadekunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of hadeIt was almost just as well for him that he did not know very well how things stood, for if he had known that this morning he had traveled over Uppsala Hills, the great Österby ironworks, the Dannemora mine, and old Örbyhus Castle without having gotten to see any of them, he would certainly have felt quite grieved.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of välvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to välnästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies välväljust as wellväl · adverbhead of the phraseförforför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of välattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadeintenotinte · particlemodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on välsåsoså · adverbmodifies brabrawellbra · adverbmodifies haderedafind outreda · adverbdepends on hadepart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of hadeförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of vetatomifom · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase förhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vetatvetatknownvetaa · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of resthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of restdennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of morgonmorgonmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hanhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of restresttraveledrest · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of vetatMislabeled as infinitive; rest is the past participle, but it is a homograph collision between resa ("to raise/erect") and resa ("to travel"); several examples mean "had traveled" or "had risen (reflexive)", not "raised".
framforwardfram · adverbdepends on restöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking högarUppsalaUppsala'sUppsala · proper noun, genitivepossessor of högarhögarHillshög · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of restÖsterbyÖsterbyÖsterby · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with högarstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies brukbrukironworksbruk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with högarDannemoraDannemoraDannemora · proper noun, nominativemodifies gruvaIron mine and village.
gruvaminegruva · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with restochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationÖrbyhusÖrbyhusÖrbyhus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with restgamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies slottslottCastleslott · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of restutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of seatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
hahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of sefåttgotten tofå · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of se"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on restnågotanynågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of seavofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies någothadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivitsäkertsurelysäker · adverbmodifies blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineparallel clause to välrättquiterätt · adverbmodifies bedrövadbedrövaddistressedbedrövad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivit- 12
The eagle now carried him at good speed away over Gästrikland.
Örnenthe eagleÖrnen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of barbarcarriedba · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceTagged present tense, but every occurrence is the old preterite of bära ("carried"), not the present.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of barnunownu · adverbmodifies barmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking fartgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fartfartspeedfart · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nubortawaybort · adverbdepends on baröveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking GästriklandGästriklandGästriklandGästrikland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of bar In the southern part there was not much to catch the eye.
Iini · prepositionpreposition marking delensödrasouthernsödra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies delendelenpartdel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
intenotinte · particlemodifies fannsmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies fannssomthatsom · pronounsubject of fängslaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fängslafängslacatchfängsla · verb, active, supinedepends on fannsblickarnaglancesblick · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of fängslaThere a plain spread out, almost everywhere covered with spruce forest.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies utbreddeutbreddespread oututbre · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of utbreddeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of slättslättflatslätt · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of utbreddesomthatsom · pronounsubject of täcktThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
nästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies överalltöverallteverywhereöverallt · adverbmodifies täcktvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to täckttäcktcoveredtäcka · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularrelative clause on slättmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking granskoggranskogspruce forestgranskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of täcktBut farther north there stretched across the province, from the Dalarna border to the Gulf of Bothnia, a beautiful tract with hills clad in deciduous trees, gleaming lakes, and rushing streams.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlängrefartherlänge · adverbmodifies sträcktemotnorthmot · prepositionmodifies sträcktenorrnorthnorr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase motsträcktestretchedsträcka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencech19-p39-s1 'hade sträckt fram och åter över sjön' = 'had flown back and forth over the lake' (bird-flight idiom), distinct from the physical-stretching sense in the other examples.
sigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sträcktetvärsöverstraight acrosstvärsöv · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sträckteLemma is corrupted; the word is the adverb tvärsöver.
landskapetprovincelandskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sträcktefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking DalagränsenDalagränsenthe Dalarna borderDalagränsen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sträcktetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking vikenBottniskaBothnianBottniska · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies vikenvikenbayvik · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Dalagränsenenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of traktvackerbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies trakttraktregiontrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to vikenmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking kullarlövträdskläddadeciduous-tree-cladlövträdsklädd · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kullarkullarhillskull · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies traktblankagleamingblank · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sjöarsjöarlakessjö · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with vikenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationforsanderushingforsa · adjective, nominativecoordinated with vikenströmmarstreamsströmm · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with DalagränsenHere lay populous parishes around their white churches, roads and railways crossed one another, the houses lay prettily nestled in greenery, and blossoming gardens sent lovely scents up into the air.
Härherehär · adverbmodifies socknarlågolaylågo · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies folkrikaArchaic plural past tense of ligga ("to lie"), not an adjective; the parser mistagged it.
folkrikapopulousfolkrik · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of socknarsocknarparishessockna · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceomkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking kyrkorsinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of kyrkorvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kyrkorkyrkorchurcheskyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of socknarvägarroadsväg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with kyrkorochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjärnvägarrailwaysjärnväg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with kyrkorkorsadecrossedkorsa · verb, past, indicative, activeclause modifying järnvägarvarandraeach othervarandra · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of korsadehusenhouseshus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of lågolågolaylågo · adjective, nominative, comparativesubject of inbäddadeArchaic plural past tense of ligga ("to lie"), not an adjective; the parser mistagged it.
vackertbeautifullyvacker · adverbmodifies inbäddadeinbäddadenestledinbäddad · adjective, nominative, pluralparallel clause to socknariini · prepositionpreposition marking grönskagrönskagreenerygrönska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of inbäddadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblommandebloomingblommande · adjective, nominativemodifies trädgårdarträdgårdargardensträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with socknarsändesentsän · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on socknarLemma is a truncated form of sända; surface sände is the past tense, 'sent'.
ljuvligalovelyljuvlig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dofterdofterscentsdoft · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sändeuppupupp · adverbmodifies sändeiini · prepositionpreposition marking luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of upp- 13
Along the watercourses there were several large ironworks, of the kind the boy had already seen in Bergslagen.
UtmedalongUtmed · prepositionmodifies vattendragenvattendragenthe watercoursesvattendrag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of funnosfunnosthere werefunnos · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceOld plural past tense of 'finnas', existential 'there were/existed'.
fleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies järnverkstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies järnverkjärnverkironworksjärnverk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of funnossådanasuchsån · pronoun, pluraldepends on funnosColloquial/old plural of sådan ('such').
somlikesom · pronoundirect object of settThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supinerelative clause on sådanaiini · prepositionpreposition marking BergslagernaBergslagernaBergslagenBergslagerna · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of settHistorical name of Sweden's central mining district, here in an older plural-looking form.
They lay at fairly even intervals in a row all the way toward the sea, where a great city spread out its masses of white houses.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of lågoSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
lågolaylågo · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasemistagged as a noun; this is the archaic plural past tense of ligga 'to lie' (they lay).
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking mellanrumtämligenfairlytämligen · adverbmodifies jämnajämnaeven/leveljämn · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies mellanrummellanrumintervalsmellanrum · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies lågoiini · prepositionpreposition marking radenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of radradrowrad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies mellanrumändaall the wayända · adverbmodifies framframforwardfram · adverbmodifies radmottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking havethavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of framdärtheredär · adverbmodifies utbreddeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stadstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stadstadtownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of utbreddeutbreddespread oututbre · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on mellanrumsinaitssig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of husmassorvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies husmassorhusmassormasses of houseshusmassa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of utbreddeNorth of this rich district dark forests began again, but the land there did not lie flat beneath them; instead it rose into ridges and sank into valleys like a stormy sea.
NorrnorthNorr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of upprörtomofom · prepositionpreposition marking vidtogodennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bygdrikarichrik · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies bygdbygdsettlementbygd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vidtogovidtogobeganvidtogo · verb, active, infinitivemodifies Norråteragainåter · adverbpreposition marking skogarmörkadarkmörk · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies skogarskogarforestsskog · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of vidtogomenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärtheredär · adverbmodifies låglåglayligga · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Norrmistagged as adjective; the surface 'låg' here is the past tense of ligga 'to lie', not the unrelated adjective låg 'low'.
intenotinte · particlemodifies låglandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of lågslättflatslätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of lågunderbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of lågutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
höjderaisedhöja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of höjdetillintotill · prepositionpreposition marking åsaråsarridgesås · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of höjdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsänkteloweredsänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with höjdesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sänktetillintotill · prepositiondepends on sänktedalarvalleysdal · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of höjdesomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionquantifies lågettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardepends on upprörtupprörtstormyupprörd · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies havhavseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrase- 14
»This land is dressed in a jacket of spruce twigs and a shirt of gray stone,» thought the boy to himself. »But around its waist it wears a belt with no equal in costliness, for it is embroidered with gleaming blue lakes and blossoming meadows; the great ironworks adorn it like a row of noble gems, and for a buckle it has a whole city with castles and churches and great clusters of houses.»
Detaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of landethärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase Detlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of klättärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to klättklättdressedklä · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseiini · prepositionpreposition marking granriskjortelgranriskjortelspruce-twig jacketgranriskjortel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of klättochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgråstenströjagray-stone shirtgråstenströja · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with granriskjorteltänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with klättpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkteförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of tänktesjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sigMenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkringaroundkring · prepositionpreposition marking midjanmidjanthe waistmidja · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bärbärwearsbä · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on harlemma is really bära ('to carry'); surface bär.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of bärettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of bältebältebeltbälte · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of bärsomthatsom · pronounsubject of harThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on bältesinequalsig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of likelikeequallike · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hariini · prepositionpreposition marking kostbarhetkostbarhetcostlinesskostbarhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of harförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of utbroderatdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of utbroderatärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to utbroderatutbroderatembroideredutbrodera · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on bärmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sjöarblånandebluishblåna · adjective, nominativemodifies sjöarPresent participle of 'blåna' (to turn blue) used adjectivally.
sjöarlakessjö · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of utbroderatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblommandebloomingblommande · adjective, nominativemodifies hagarhagarpastureshag · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with sjöardetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of järnverkenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
storabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies järnverkenjärnverkenthe ironworksjärnverk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to sjöarpryderadornpryda · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with bärdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of prydersomlikesom · conjunctionpart of the phrase pryderenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of radradrowrad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase somavofav · prepositionpreposition marking stenarädlanobleädla · verb, active, infinitivemodifies stenarMistagged as a verb; ädla is the plural form of the adjective ädel ("noble").
stenarstonessten · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies radochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtillfortill · prepositionpreposition marking spännespännebucklespänne · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with bärharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with harenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stadhelwholehel · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stadstadtownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of harmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking slottslottcastleslott · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of harochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkyrkorchurcheskyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with slottochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies klungorklungorclustersklunga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with slottavofav · prepositionpreposition marking hushushousehus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies klungor - 15
When the travelers had journeyed a way up into the northern forest tract, Gorgo came down onto the topmost peak of a bare hill, and once the boy had jumped down to the ground, the eagle said: »There is game to be had in this forest, and I don't think I can forget my captivity and truly feel free until I have gone hunting. You won't be afraid, will you, if I go off and leave you?»
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of färdatsdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of resandeSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
resandetravelersresande · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of passive färdatshadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of färdatsfärdatstraveledfärda · verb, passive, supineadverbial clause on slogdeponent verb färdas, passive in form but active in meaning.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bitbita waybit · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies uppåtuppåtupwarduppåt · adverbmodifies färdatsdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skogstraktennorranorthernnorra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies skogstraktenskogstraktenwoodland regionskogstrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of uppåtslogcame downslå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
GorgoGorgoGorgo · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of slogProper name (a wild goose/duck character) mistagged as an adjective.
nerdownner · adverbmodifies Gorgopåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking toppenöverstatopmostöversta · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies toppentoppentoptopp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slogavofav · prepositionpreposition marking bergshöjdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kalkalbarekal · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bergshöjdAdjective kal ('bare/barren'); tagged as noun.
bergshöjdmountain heightbergshöjd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies toppenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåoncedå · subordinating conjunctionmodifies hoppatpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hoppathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hoppathoppatjumpedhoppa · verb, active, supinecoordinated with slognerdownner · adverbdepends on hoppatpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hoppatsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with slogörneneagleörn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sadeHärherehär · adverbmodifies finnsfinnsthere isfinnas · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentencevillebrådgamevillebråd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsiini · prepositionpreposition marking skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of finnsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with finnsintenotinte · particlemodifies trorattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of glömmajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of glömmakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of glömmaglömmato forgetglömma · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of trorfångenskapencaptivityfångenskap · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of glömmaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationriktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies kännakännato feelkänna · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with glömmamigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of kännafrifreefri · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of kännaförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies draused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of draharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of drafåtthave gonefå · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of dra"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
drago huntingdra · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kännautoutut · adverbdepends on drapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking jaktjakthuntingjakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of draDuyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevälwill youväl · adverbmodifies blirintenotinte · particlemodifies blirräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bliromifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of farjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of farfartravels/fliesfara · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blirVildgässen far = the wild geese fly/travel; used generically for travel by any means.
ifrånfromifrån · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of far — »Oh no, I don't suppose I will,» said the boy.
Ånejoh noÅnej · proper noun, nominativedepends on blirInterjection (Ånej = Å nej, 'oh no'), tagged as a proper noun by the parser.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blirvälsupposeväl · adverbmodifies blirintenotinte · particlemodifies blirsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to blirpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade— »You may go wherever you like, so long as you are here when it draws toward sunset,» said the eagle, and flew off on his way.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencevartwherevart · adverbintroduces the clause of villduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villvillwantsvilja · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gåbarajustbara · adverbmodifies finnsduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finnsfinnsarefinnas · verb, present, indicativeparallel clause to gåhärherehär · adverbmodifies finnsnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of liderdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of liderliderdraws towardlida · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on finnsmottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking solnedgångsolnedgångsunsetsolnedgång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lidersadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to gåörneneagleörn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationforflewfor · prepositionpreposition marking vägPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
sinawaysig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of vägvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with örnen- 16
The boy felt quite lonely and forsaken now, sitting on a stone and looking out over the bare mountain ground and the great forests that lay all around it.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändekändefeltkän · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast tense 'kände' of känna, here in the sense 'recognized'; same surface as käna but a distinct sense of the polysemous verb.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kändealltquiteallt · adverbmodifies rätträttquiterätt · adverbmodifies ensamensamaloneensam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of kändeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationövergivenabandonedövergiven · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ensamdärtheredär · adverbmodifies satthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kändepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking stenenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stenstenstonesten · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattpast tense of se, 'to see.'
utoutut · adverbdepends on sågöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking bergmarkendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bergmarkennaknabarenakn · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies bergmarkenbergmarkenthe rocky groundbergmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of skogarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
storabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies skogarnaskogarnaforestsskog · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with bergmarkensomthatsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lågolågolaylågo · verb, active, supinecomplement of sågHistorical plural past-tense form of 'ligga' (to lie).
runtaroundrunt · prepositionpreposition marking denomkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågo But he had not sat there long before he heard singing from down in the forest and saw something bright moving among the trees.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of suttithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of suttitintenotinte · particlemodifies suttitsuttitsatsutta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceArchaic spelling of suttit, the supine of sitta ("to sit").
därtheredär · adverbmodifies suttitlängelonglänge · adverbmodifies suttitförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies hördeused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on suttitsångsongsång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hördenerifrånfrom belownerifrån · adverbmodifies skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hördeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hördepast tense of se, 'to see.'
någotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ljustljustbrightlyljust · adverbmodifies röraröramovingröra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of sågsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of rörainneinsideinne · adverbmodifies rörablandamongbland · prepositionpreposition marking trädenträdentreeträd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of inneträd is an invariant noun (same form singular and plural); the definite plural träden means "the trees."
He soon saw that it was a blue and yellow banner, and he understood from the singing and the merry clamor he heard that the banner was being carried at the head of a whole procession of people, though it was a long while before he could make out who they were.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies sågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blådetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of blåvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to blåenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of blåblåblueblå · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fanaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgulyellowgul · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with blåfanabannerfana · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstodförstodunderstoodförstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sågavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking sångensångensongsång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förstodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of glammetgladagladglad · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies glammetglammetthe merry clamorglamm · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with förstodsomthatsom · pronoundirect object of hördeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on glammetattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of barsfananbannerfana · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive barsbarswas carriedbara · noun, genitive, common gender, pluralclause modifying glammetiati · prepositionpreposition marking spetsenspetsenfront/headspetse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies barsi spetsen = 'at the head/front' (of a line).
förofför · prepositionpreposition marking tågettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of tågheltwholehel · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies tågtågprocessiontåg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of barsSecond example ('en sjöman äntrar uppför ett tåg' = 'a sailor climbs up a rope') uses the nautical sense 'rope', not 'train'; the type was pinned to 'train' with contextDependent false, missing this attested sense.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies tågmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with dröjdedröjdewas long in comingdröj · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with barsIdiomatic: "det dröjde inte länge" = "it was not long before."
längea long whilelänge · adverbmodifies dröjdeinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on dröjdevilkawhichvilken · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vorodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of vorovorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralclausal complement of searchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
The banner was carried along winding paths, and he sat wondering where it, and those following after it, meant to go.
Fananthe bannerFanan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive fördesfördeswas carriedföra · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentencepåalongpå · prepositionpreposition marking stigarslingrandewindingslingrande · adjective, nominativemodifies stigarstigarpathsstig · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of fördesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fördesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationundradewonderedundra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattvartwherevart · adverbmodifies sattdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularpart of the phrase vartochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralcoordinated with densomwhosom · pronounsubject of följdeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
följdefollowedfölja · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on vartefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of följdeskullemeant toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of styrastyrato gostyra · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sattkosancoursekosa · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of styra'styra kosan' = 'to head/make one's way'.
He could hardly believe that they would come all the way up to this ugly, desolate mountain height, where he sat.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trokundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trojuafter allju · adverbmodifies troaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies trotrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of trouppupupp · adverbdepends on kommatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking bergviddendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bergviddenfulauglyful · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies bergviddenödsligadesolateödslig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bergviddenbergviddenthe mountain heightbergvidd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of kommadärtheredär · adverbmodifies satthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on bergviddenBut that is just what they did.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gjordeändåanywayändå · adverbmodifies gjordeThere the banner came out at the edge of the forest, and after it came all the swarming crowd it had shown the way.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencefananbannerfana · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komframforwardfram · adverbmodifies komiati · prepositionpreposition marking skogsbrynetskogsbrynetedge of the forestskogsbryn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of framochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking dendenaen · determiner, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommokommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with komkommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
allaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of frammyllrandedetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of frammyllrandeSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
frammyllrandeswarming forthframmyllra · adjective, nominativecomplement of kommosomthatsom · pronoundirect object of visatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of visathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of visatvisatshownvisa · verb, active, supinerelative clause on frammyllrandevägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of visatThere was life and stir over the whole height, and that day the boy had so much to look at that he was not bored for a single moment.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencelivlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrörelsemovementrörelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with livöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking höjdenhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies höjdenhöjdenheighthöjd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickhadfå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blevpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ficksåsoså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies fickatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fickpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking seattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadeintenotinte · particlemodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of setråkigtboringtråkig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hadeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ögonblickögonblickmomentögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hade- 17
THE FOREST'S DAY.
SKOGENSTHE FOREST'SSKOGENS · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of DAGDAGDAYDAG · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrase - 18
On the broad mountain ridge where Gorgo had left Thumbietot, a forest fire had swept through some ten years before.
Påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking bergsryggendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bergsryggenbredabroadbred · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies bergsryggenbergsryggenmountain ridgebergsrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåttdärtheredär · adverbmodifies lämnatGorgoGorgoGorgo · proper noun, nominativesubject of lämnatProper name of an eagle character.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lämnatlämnatleftlämna · verb, active, supinerelative clause on bergsryggenTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativedirect object of lämnatthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gåttgåttsweptgå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceframforwardfram · adverbdepends on gåttskogsbrandforest fireskogsbrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gåttföragoför · prepositionpreposition marking årenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tiotiotentio · numeral, nominativequantifies åråryearsår · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies skogsbrandsedanthensedan · adverbdepends on år The charred trees had been felled and carried away, and the great burned field had begun to be clothed with vegetation at its edges, where it bordered the untouched forest.
Detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of trädenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
kolnadecharredkolnad · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies trädenträdentreesträd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralhead of the phrasevorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
fälldafelledfälled · adjective, nominative, pluralpart of the phrase voroochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbortfördacarried awaybortförda · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with fälldaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of brandfältetstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies brandfältetweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
brandfältetthe burned fieldbrandfält · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of börjathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of börjatbörjatbegunbörja · verb, active, supinecoordinated with vorobeklädasbe clothedbekläda · verb, passive, infinitivecomplement of börjatmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking växtlighetväxtlighetvegetationväxtlighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of beklädasiati · prepositionpreposition marking utkanternautkanternaouter edgesutkanterna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of beklädasdärtheredär · adverbmodifies gränsadedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of gränsadegränsadeborderedgränsa · adjective, nominative, singularrelative clause on utkanternatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking skogendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skogenfriskauntouchedfrisk · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gränsadeBut most of the height showed itself bare and dreadfully desolate.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstörstabiggeststor · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies delendelenpartdel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of teddeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking höjdenhöjdenheighthöjd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies delenteddeappearedteda · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of teddenakenbarenak · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of teddeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationohyggligtdreadfullyohygglig · adverbmodifies ödsligödsligdesolateödslig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with nakenBlack stumps still stood among the rocky slabs as a witness that a great and splendid forest had once stood here, but no young saplings shot up out of the ground.
Svartablacksvart · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stubbarstubbarstumpsstubb · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of stodostodostoodstodo · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on stodomellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking hällarnahällarnathe rock slabshällarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of stodosomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vittnesbördettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of vittnesbördvittnesbördevidencevittnesbörd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of stodoomthatom · prepositionintroduces the clause of funnitsatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of funnitsinfinitive marker before a verb.
härherehär · adverbmodifies funnitshadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of funnitsfunnitsexistedfunnits · verb, supineclause modifying vittnesbördstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies skogochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpräktigsplendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with storskogforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of funnitsmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationingano/noneingen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of trädtelningarungayoungung · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies trädtelningarträdtelningarsaplingsträdtelning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of skötoskötoshotsköto · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with stodouppupupp · adverbmodifies skötourout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of upp- 19
People wondered why it went so slowly for the mountain height to be clothed again with forest, but they did not consider that when the forest fire had swept through, the ground had been without moisture after a long drought.
Folkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of undradeundradewonderedundra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceöverwhyöver · prepositionintroduces the clause of gickattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gickdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on undradesåsoså · adverbmodifies långsamtlångsamtslowlylångsam · adverbmodifies gickförforför · prepositionpreposition marking bergshöjdenbergshöjdenmountain heightbergshöjd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of beklädasinfinitive marker before a verb.
återagainåter · prepositionmodifies beklädasbeklädasbe clothedbekläda · verb, passive, infinitiveclause modifying bergshöjdenmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking skogskogforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of beklädasmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmanpeopleman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with undradeintenotinte · particlemodifies tänktepåaboutpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of gåttattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåttnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåttskogsbrandenforest fireskogsbrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttsweptgå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on tänkteframforwardfram · adverbdepends on gåttdärtheredär · adverbmodifies gåtthadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with undrademarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadevaritbeenvara · verb, active, supinemodifies hadeutanwithoututan · prepositionpreposition marking fuktighetfuktighetmoisturefuktighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadeefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking torkaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of långlånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies torkatorkadroughttorka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hade Therefore it was not enough that the trees had burned, and that everything growing on the ground — the heather and the wild rosemary and the moss and the lingonberry heath — had perished too; the very topsoil covering the bedrock had, after the fire, become dry and loose as ash.
Därförthereforedärför · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varintenotinte · particlemodifies nognognot onlynog · adverbmodifies varmedwithmed · prepositiondepends on varattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of brunnitträdentreeträd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brunnitträd is an invariant noun (same form singular and plural); the definite plural träden means "the trees."
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of brunnitbrunnitburnedbrunnit · verb, active, supineclausal complement of varochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of växandealltallall · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies växandeväxandegrowingväxa · adjective, nominativecoordinated with brunnitpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of växandeljungenthe heatherljungen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularparallel clause to varochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgetporsenthe wild rosemarygetporsen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ljungenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmossanmossmossa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with getporsenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlingonrisetthe lingonberry heathlingonris · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with ljungenocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies strukithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of strukitstrukitperishedstrukit · verb, active, supinecoordinated with varmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking myllanutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
självaverysjälv · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies myllanSurface "själva" is the plural/emphatic form of själv and can mean "themselves" or intensify "the very."
myllantopsoilmyllan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of strukitsomthatsom · pronounsubject of täckteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
täcktecoveredtäcka · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on myllanberggrundenthe bedrockberggrunde · adverbdirect object of täcktehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking brandenbrandenthe firebrande · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of hadeDefinite singular of 'brand' (fire).
blivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinecoordinated with vartorrdrytorr · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlöslooselös · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with torrsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of askaaskaashaska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitIt whirled up into the air with every gust of wind, and since the height lay exposed to the wind, one rock slab after another had been swept bare.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of virvladevirvladewhirledvirvla · verb, past, indicative, activesubject of blivituppupupp · adverbdepends on virvladeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uppvidwithvid · prepositionpreposition marking vindvarjeeveryvarje · determiner, singulardeterminer of vindvindwindvind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of virvladevind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsomsincesom · pronounmodifies lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
höjdenheighthöjd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase somlåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on utsattutsattexposedutsätta · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with virvladeförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking blåstenblåstenwindblåst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utsatthadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hällenenaoneena · adjective, nominativemodifies hällenhällenrock slabhäll · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking andradenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andraandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies hadeblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencerensopadswept barerensopa · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitThe rainwater naturally helped carry the soil away too, and now that wind and water had been scouring the mountain clean for a full ten years, it lay so bare that one might well have believed it would remain a wasteland until the world's last hour.
Regnvattnetthe rainwaterRegnvattnet · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of hjälptehjälptehelpedhjälpa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenaturligtvisnaturallynaturligtvis · adverbmodifies hjälptetillhelptill · prepositionintroduces the clause of föraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förainfinitive marker before a verb.
föracarry awayföra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hjälptebortawaybort · adverbdepends on föramyllantopsoilmyllan · proper noun, nominativedirect object of föraThis is the common noun myllan, not a proper name.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsedanthensedan · adverbmodifies nununownu · adverbmodifies vindvindwindvind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hjälptevind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvattenwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with vindhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållithållitbeen scouringhålla · verb, active, supinecoordinated with hjälpteSurface "hållit" spans several idioms in this book: literal "held" (hållit trogen vakt = kept faithful watch), "hållit ut" (held out/endured), "hållit på" (had been -ing, continuous aspect), and "hållit sig" (stayed/remained). A single fixed gloss of "held" misrenders the hållit på / hållit sig examples.
påin progresspå · prepositiondepends on hållitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lågfejascouringfeja · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of lågavcleanav · prepositionpreposition marking bergetbergetmountainberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies fejaifori · prepositionpreposition marking århelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies årtiotentio · numeral, nominativequantifies åråryearsår · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies fejalåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of hållitdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lågsåsoså · adverbmodifies kaltkaltbarekal · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies lågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tromanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trosnarastrathersnarast · adverbmodifies trokundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trotrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of hållitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förblidetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of förbliskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förblikommato comekomma · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of förbliatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förbliinfinitive marker before a verb.
förbliremainförbli · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hjälpteödedesolateöde · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on förbliöde is both a neuter noun 'fate' and an unrelated adjective 'deserted/desolate'; some examples use the adjective.
ändauntilända · adverbmodifies stundtilluntiltill · prepositionpreposition marking stundvärldensworld'svärld · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of stundsistalastsista · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förbli- 20
But one day at the beginning of summer, all the children of the parish where the burned mountain lay gathered in front of one of the schoolhouses.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of samladesiati · prepositionpreposition marking börjanbörjanbeginningbörjan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies dagavofav · prepositionpreposition marking sommarensommarensummersommar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies börjansamladesgatheredsamla · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentenceallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of barnenbarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of passive samladesiini · prepositionpreposition marking socknendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of socknensocknenparishsockn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of samladesdärtheredär · adverbmodifies fannsdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of bergetavbrändaburnedavbränd · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies bergetbergetmountainberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativerelative clause on socknenexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
framförin front offramför · prepositionmodifies samladesettoneen · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase framförthis type bundles three distinct functions of the neuter forms det/ett under one entry.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking skolhusenskolhusenschoolhousesskolhus · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ett Every single one of the children had a hoe or a spade over his shoulder and a food-bundle in his hand.
Vartwherevart · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of hackaochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase Vartettoneen · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase Vartthis type bundles three distinct functions of the neuter forms det/ett under one entry.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking barnenbarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies Varthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hackahackahoehacka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesome examples use 'hacka' as the noun for a hoe or pick, not the verb 'to peck'.
elleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationspadespadespad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hackaSame word 'spade' (garden tool); lemma spelling is a tagging artifact.
påoverpå · prepositionpreposition marking axelnaxelnshoulderaxel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hackaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmatsäcksknytefood bundlematsäcksknyte · adverbcoordinated with axelniini · prepositionmodifies hackahandenhandhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iAs soon as everyone had arrived, they set off in a long procession up toward the forest.
Såasså · adverbmodifies uppåtsnartsoonsnart · adverbpart of the phrase Såallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of komnavorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on komnaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
komnaarrivedkomna · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of uppåtMistagged as an adjective; 'komna' is the past participle plural of 'komma' (to come, arrive).
drogoset offdrogo · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with komnapast plural of dra ('to draw/pull'); mistagged as adjective.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldepends on komnaiini · prepositionpreposition marking tågettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of tåglångtlonglångt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies tågBoth examples ('for fram ett långt stycke' = 'sped along a long stretch', 'tog ett långt hopp' = 'took a long leap') mean 'long' (length), not 'far' (distance).
tågprocessiontåg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of uppåtSecond example ('en sjöman äntrar uppför ett tåg' = 'a sailor climbs up a rope') uses the nautical sense 'rope', not 'train'; the type was pinned to 'train' with contextDependent false, missing this attested sense.
uppåtupwarduppåt · adverbhead of the phraseskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of uppåtThe banner was carried at the head, teachers walked alongside, and behind followed a couple of forest rangers and a horse pulling a load of pine seedlings and spruce seed.
Fananthe bannerFanan · proper noun, nominativemodifies barsbarswas carriedbars · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gingoiati · prepositionpreposition marking spetsenspetsenfront/headspetse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies barsi spetsen = 'at the head/front' (of a line).
lärareteacherslärare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with spetsenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlärarinnorfemale teacherslärarinna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with spetsengingowentgingo · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasePast plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective.
vidalongsidevid · prepositionpreposition marking sidansidanalongsidesida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gingoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationefterbehindefter · adverbmodifies följdech23-p11-s4 uses se efter in the sense 'check/look'; the proposed sense 'after' misses this occurrence. ch38-p32-s2 is the spatial adverb 'behind'.
följdefollowedfölja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies skogvaktareskogvaktareforest rangersskogvaktare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of följdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hästhästhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with skogvaktaresomthatsom · pronounsubject of drogThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
drogdrewdrog · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on hästettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of lasslassloadlass · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of drogmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking tallplantortallplantorpine seedlingstallplanta · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of drogochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgranfrönspruce seedsgranfrön · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with tallplantor- 21
That procession did not stop in any of the birch groves lying nearest the settlement — no, it made its way far into the forest with it.
Detthaten · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phrasethis type bundles three distinct functions of the neuter forms det/ett under one entry.
därtheredär · adverbmodifies stannadetågetprocessiontåg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of stannadeSecond example ('en sjöman äntrar uppför ett tåg' = 'a sailor climbs up a rope') uses the nautical sense 'rope', not 'train'; the type was pinned to 'train' with contextDependent false, missing this attested sense.
stannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Detintenotinte · particlemodifies stannadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking någonnågonanynågon · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of stannadeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking björkhagarnabjörkhagarnathe birch grovesbjörkhagarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies någonsomthatsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lågolågolaylågo · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying björkhagarnaPast plural of 'ligga' (to lie); mistagged as a noun. Lemma should be 'ligga'.
närmastnearestnära · adverbpreposition marking bygdenType lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära.
bygdensettlementbygd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stannadenejnonej · interjectioncoordinated with Detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of barbarmade its waybara · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on DetLemma tag is odd; surface 'bar' is the past tense of bära, 'to carry', also used idiomatically in 'det bar av' = 'off they went'.
avoffav · prepositionpreposition marking skogenlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies inåtinåtintoinåt · prepositionmodifies skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of barmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of bar It followed old summer-pasture paths, and the foxes poked their startled heads out of their dens, wondering what sort of pasture-folk this was.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with följdeföljdefollowedfölj · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fäbodstigarfäbodstigarsummer-farm pathsfäbodstig · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of följdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrävarnathe foxesräv · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with fäbodstigarstuckostuckstucko · adverbmodifies följdeTagged as an adverb but is 'stucko', past tense plural of 'sticka', stuck out.
förvånadesurprisedförvåna · verb, past, indicative, activecomplement of följdeframforwardfram · adverbdepends on förvånadesinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of huvudenhuvudenheadshuvude · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of förvånadeurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking lyornalyornathe denslyorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies huvudenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationundradewonderedundra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with förvånadevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of undradedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of fäbodfolkhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase detvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activepart of the phrase detförkind offör · prepositionpreposition marking fäbodfolkfäbodfolksummer-farm folkfäbodfolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of undradeIt marched past old charcoal-burning grounds, where the charcoal piles used to be raised in the autumns, and the crossbills turned their crooked beaks and asked one another what kind of charcoal-burners these were, now pressing into the forest.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tågadetågademarchedtåga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceförbipastförbi · adverbmodifies tågadegamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kolbottnarkolbottnarcharcoal-burning groundskolbotten · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of tågadedärtheredär · adverbmodifies brukademilornacharcoal pilesmilorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of brukadeHere milor means charcoal-burning piles or kilns.
brukadeused tobruka · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on kolbottnarresasto be raisedresa · verb, passive, infinitivecomplement of brukadeominom · prepositionpreposition marking höstarnahöstarnathe autumnshöst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of resasochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkorsnäbbarnathe crossbillskorsnäbbarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralpart of the phrase ochvredoturnedvredo · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of varandrapåaroundpå · prepositionpreposition marking näbbarsinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of näbbarkrokigacrookedkrokig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies näbbarnäbbarbeaksnäbb · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vredoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with näbbarvarandraeach othervarandra · pronoun, accusative, pluralcoordinated with brukadevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularintroduces the clause of kolargubbardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of kolargubbarvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to kolargubbarförkind offör · prepositionpreposition marking kolargubbarslagskindslag · noun, genitive, neuter, pluralpossessor of kolargubbarkolargubbarcharcoal burnerskolargubbar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcomplement of brukadesomwhosom · pronounsubject of trängdeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
nunownu · adverbmodifies trängdeträngdepressingträngde · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on kolargubbarininin · adverbdepends on trängdeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of in- 22
So the procession came at last up onto the great, burned-over mountain height.
Såthenså · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetågetprocessiontåg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of komSecond example ('en sjöman äntrar uppför ett tåg' = 'a sailor climbs up a rope') uses the nautical sense 'rope', not 'train'; the type was pinned to 'train' with contextDependent false, missing this attested sense.
dåthendå · adverbmodifies komtillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies komsistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase tilluppupupp · adverbpart of the phrase tilltillontotill · prepositionpreposition marking bergviddendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bergviddenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies bergviddenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
avbrändaburned-overavbränd · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with storabergviddenmountain expansesbergvidd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kom There the stones lay bare without the delicate twinflower vines that had once clothed them; the rock slabs had been stripped of the lovely silver moss and the white, pleasant reindeer lichen.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies lågolågolaylågo · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stenarnaHistorical plural past form of ligga, despite the parser's adjective label.
stenarnastonessten · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of naknanaknabarenakn · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of berövadeutanwithoututan · prepositionpreposition marking linnearankornadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of linnearankornaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
finafinefin · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies linnearankornalinnearankornathe twinflower vineslinnearanka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with naknasomthatsom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of klättenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of klätthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of klättklättclothedklä · verb, active, supinerelative clause on linnearankornademthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of klätthällarnathe rock slabshällarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with demvorowerevoro · pronoun, pluraldepends on berövademistagged as a pronoun; this is the archaic plural past tense of vara 'to be'.
berövadestrippedberöva · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of silvermossanvackrabeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies silvermossansilvermossanthe silver mosssilvermossa · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of berövadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of renlavenvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies renlavenbehagligapleasantbehaglig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies renlavenrenlaventhe reindeer lichenrenlaven · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with silvermossanAround the black water that had gathered in clefts and hollows, there was not a single wood sorrel or bog-arum leaf to be found.
Omkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies vattnetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of vattnetsvartablacksvart · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies vattnetvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fannssomthatsom · pronounsubject of passive samlatsThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of samlatssamlatsgatheredsamla · verb, passive, supinerelative clause on vattnetiini · prepositionpreposition marking klyftorklyftorcleftsklyfta · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of samlatsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfördjupningarhollowsfördjupning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with klyftorfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsintenotinte · particlemodifies fannsnågona singlenågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of harsyraharsyrawood sorrelharsyra · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on fannsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationingano/noneingen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of kallabladkallabladbog-arum leaveskallablad · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with fannsThe small patches of soil still lying in crevices and among the stones were bare of ferns, of starflowers, of white pyrola, of all the green and red and light and soft and delicate things that usually clothe the forest floor.
Detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of jordfläckarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
småsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies jordfläckarnajordfläckarnapatches of soiljordfläck · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounsubject of lågoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ännustillännu · adverbmodifies lågolågolaylågo · adjective, nominative, comparativerelative clause on jordfläckarnaArchaic plural past tense of ligga ("to lie"), not an adjective; the parser mistagged it.
kvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on lågoiini · prepositionpreposition marking skrevorskrevorcrevicesskreva · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of lågoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking stenarstenarstonessten · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with skrevorvorowerevoro · pronoun, pluralcoordinated with lågomistagged as a pronoun; this is the archaic plural past tense of vara 'to be'.
utanwithoututan · prepositionlinks the coordinationormbunkarfernsormbunk · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with lågoutanwithoututan · prepositionpreposition marking skogsstjärnorskogsstjärnorstarflowersskogsstjärna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with jordfläckarnautanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
vitwhitevit · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies pyrolapyrolawintergreenpyrola · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with jordfläckarnaPyrola is a genus of woodland wintergreen plants.
utanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
alltallall · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of grönadetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of grönagrönagreengrön · adjective, nominative, singularcoordinated with pyrolaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrödaredröd · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with grönaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlättalightlätt · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with grönaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmjukasoftmjuk · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with lättaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsirligadelicatesirlig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with lättasomthatsom · pronounsubject of brukarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
brukartends tobruka · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on grönaklädaclothekläd · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of brukarskogensforest'sskog · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of bottenbottenbottombotten · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kläda- 23
It was as though a brightening had passed over the gray mountain height when all the parish's children spread out across it.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phrasevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to Detsomas thoughsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåttomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåttdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttpassedgå · verb, active, supinerelative clause on Detenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ljusningljusningbrighteningljusning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gåttöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking bergshöjdendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bergshöjdengråagraygrå · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies bergshöjdenbergshöjdenmountain heightbergshöjd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåttnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionmodifies spredosocknensthe parish'ssockn · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of barnallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of barnbarnchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of spredospredospreadspredo · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gåttPast-plural of the verb 'sprida' (to spread); mistagged as an infinitive.
sigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of spredoöveracrossöver · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of spredo There was once more something glad and fine, fresh and rosy, there.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of glattvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to glattåteragainåter · prepositionmodifies glattnågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of glattglattgladglatt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfintfinefin · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with glattfrisktfreshfrisk · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with glattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrosigtrosyrosig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with glattIt was young and growing.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ungtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ungtungtyoungung · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationväxandegrowingväxa · adjective, nominativecoordinated with ungtPerhaps these would help the abandoned wretch of a mountain to a little life again.
Kanskeperhapskanske · adverbhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hjälpadessathesedenna · pronoun, pluralsubject of hjälpaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hjälpahjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitivedepends on Kanskedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stackarenövergivnaabandonedövergivna · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies stackarenstackarenthe poor fellowstackar · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälpatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking livlitetlittleliten · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies livlivlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hjälpaigenagainigen · adverbdepends on hjälpa- 24
When the children had rested and eaten, they took up their hoes and spades and began to work.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vilatbarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of vilathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vilatvilatrestedvila · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vilatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationätiteatenäta · verb, active, supinecoordinated with vilatgrepotook hold ofgrepo · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with vilatdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of grepotilluptill · prepositionpreposition marking hackorhackorhoeshacka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies deochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationspadarspadesspad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with hackorochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vilatarbetaworkarbeta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of började The forest rangers showed them how to go about it, and they set down plant after plant in every little patch of soil they managed to discover.
Skogvaktarnathe forest rangersSkogvaktarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of visadevisadeshowedvisa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of visadehurhowhur · adverbmodifies bäradetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of bäraskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bärabärato carrybära · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on visadesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bäraåtabout itåt · prepositiondepends on bäraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sattesattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with bärapast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
nerdownner · adverbdepends on satteplantaplantplant · adjective, nominative, pluraldirect object of satteThe surface planta is a singular noun, despite the adjective label.
efterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking plantaplantaplantplant · adjective, nominative, pluraloblique complement of satteThe surface planta is a singular noun, despite the adjective label.
påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking jordfläckarallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of jordfläckardetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of jordfläckarSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
småsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies jordfläckarjordfläckarpatches of soiljordfläck · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sattesomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of lyckadesThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of lyckadeslyckadessucceededlycka · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on jordfläckarImpersonal 'det lyckades honom' = 'he succeeded'; lemma should be 'lyckas'.
upptäckato discoverupptäcka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of lyckades- 25
While the children were planting, they went about quite wise and knowing, talking to one another about how the little saplings they set down in the earth would come to bind the topsoil, so that it could not blow away.
Medanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of planteradebarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of planteradeplanteradeplantedplanterad · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasegingowentgingo · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with planteradePast plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective.
detheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluraldirect object of gingosurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
heltquitehelt · adverbmodifies förnumstigaförnumstigawise and knowingförnumstig · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of gingoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtaladetalkedtala · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with planteradeTagged as an adjective but is talade, the past tense of tala, 'to talk'.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking varandravarandraeach othervarandra · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of taladeomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bindahurhowhur · adverbmodifies bindadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of telningarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
småsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies telningarnatelningarnathe saplingstelningarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of bindasomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of satteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sattesattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on telningarnapast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
nerdownner · adverbdepends on satteiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking jordenjordenearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of satteskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bindakommato comekomma · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of bindaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bindainfinitive marker before a verb.
bindato bindbinda · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on talademyllantopsoilmyllan · proper noun, nominativedirect object of bindaThis is the common noun myllan, not a proper name.
såsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of blåsaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sådenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of blåsaintenotinte · particlemodifies blåsakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blåsablåsablowblåsa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on planteradebortawaybort · adverbdepends on blåsa And that was not all, for new topsoil would form beneath the trees as well.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies nognognot allnog · adverbmodifies detmedwithmed · prepositionpart of the phrase nogdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on bildasutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of passive bildasskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bildasbildasbe formedbilda · verb, passive, infinitivemain verb of the sentencenynewny · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies myllamyllasoilmylla · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of bildasDespite the infinitive tag, every occurrence is the noun 'soil/loam', not the verb.
underbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking trädenträdentreeträd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bildasträd is an invariant noun (same form singular and plural); the definite plural träden means "the trees."
And into that soil seeds would fall, and in a few years they would be able to pick both raspberries and blueberries here, where now there was nothing but bare rock.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of fallaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of falladetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of fallafallato fallfall · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencefrönseedsfrön · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of fallaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationominom · prepositionpreposition marking årnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of åråryearsår · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of plockaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of plockadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of plockakunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of plockaplockato pickplocka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with fallabådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhallonraspberrieshallo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of plockaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblåbärblueberriesblåbär · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with plockahärherehär · adverbmodifies blåbärdärtheredär · adverbmodifies fannsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsnunownu · adverbmodifies fannsbarajustbara · adverbmodifies fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativeadverbial clause on plockaexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
kalabarekal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hällarhällarrock slabshäll · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fannsAnd the little plants they were setting would, of course, in time grow into tall trees.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of plantornaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
småsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies plantornaplantornathe plantsplantorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of blisomthatsom · pronoundirect object of satteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sattesattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on plantornapast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
skullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blijuof courseju · adverbmodifies blisågraduallyså · adverbmodifies blismåningomgraduallysmåningom · adverbpart of the phrase såUsed in the fixed phrase så småningom 'little by little.'
blibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencetillintotill · prepositionpreposition marking trädhögatallhög · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies trädträdtreesträd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of bliPerhaps great houses or fine ships would someday be built of them.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of passive byggasskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of byggaskanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies byggaskommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of byggasatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of byggasinfinitive marker before a verb.
byggasto be builtbygga · verb, passive, infinitivemain verb of the sentencestorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hushushouseshus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of passive byggaselleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgrannasplendidgrann · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with husFunctions as the adjective 'grann' (fine/splendid), mistagged as a noun.
skeppshipskepp · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of passive byggasavofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralagent of byggas- 26
But if the children had not come here and planted while there was still a little soil left in the crevices, then all the topsoil would have been carried off by wind and water, and the mountain could never again have grown forest.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommitbarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of kommitintenotinte · particlemodifies kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencehitherehit · adverbdepends on kommitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationplanteratplantedplantera · verb, active, supinecoordinated with kommitmedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fannsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsännustillännu · adverbmodifies fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativeadverbial clause on bortfördexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
liteta littlelitet · adverbmodifies jordjordsoiljord · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of fannskvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on fannsiini · prepositionpreposition marking skrevornaskrevornathe crevicesskrevorna · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fannsdåthendå · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bortfördallallall · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of myllanmyllantopsoilmyllan · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeblivitbecomebli · auxiliary verb, active, supinepassive auxiliary of bortfördbortfördcarried offbortför · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularparallel clause to kommitPast participle 'bortförd' (carried off), mistagged as base adjective.
avbyav · prepositionpreposition marking vindvindwindvind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularagent of bortfördvind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvattenwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with vindochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbergetmountainberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of blihadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blialdrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies blimeragainmycket · adverbmodifies blikunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with bortfördskogbeväxtforest-coveredskogbeväxt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bli - 27
»Yes, it's a good thing we came here,» said the children. »It was in the very last hour.»
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on vardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularhead of the phrasethe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
föra good thingför · prepositionpart of the phrase varvälgoodväl · adverbmodifies förattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of varhitherehit · adverbmodifies komsadesaidsade · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to varbarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of sadeDetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of lagetvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to lagetiati · prepositionpreposition marking lagetsistalastsista · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies lagetlagetlast hourlag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrase And they felt themselves tremendously important.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kändekändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kändeotroligtincrediblyotrolig · adverbmodifies viktigaviktigaimportantviktig · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of kände- 28
While the children worked up on the mountain, father and mother went about at home, and after a while they began to wonder how the children were managing.
Underwhileunder · prepositionintroduces the clause of arbetadedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase Underattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of arbetadebarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of arbetadearbetadeworkedarbeta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on börjadeuppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies arbetadepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking bergetbergetmountainberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of arbetadegingowentgingo · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies farPast plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective.
farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with arbetadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with farhemmaat homehemma · adverbmodifies arbetadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomafterom · prepositionpreposition marking stundenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of börjadeundrato wonderundra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadehurhowhur · adverbmodifies reddebarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of reddereddemanagedreda · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of undrasigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of redde It was of course only make-believe, that such little ones should be planting a forest, but it might still be amusing to see how they were getting on.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of spektakelvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to spektakeljuof courseju · adverbmodifies spektakelbarajustbara · adverbmodifies spektakelspektakelmake-believespektakel · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseförståsof courseförstås · adverbmodifies spektakelattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of planterasådanasuchsån · pronoun, pluralsubject of planteraColloquial/old plural of sådan ('such').
skulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of planteraplanteraplantplantera · verb, active, infinitivedepends on spektakelskogforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of planteramenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with roligtkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of roligtjuafter allju · adverbmodifies roligtistilli · prepositionpreposition marking fallallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fallfallcasesfall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of roligtvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to roligtroligtfunrolig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with planteraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on roligthurhowhur · adverbmodifies gickdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of seförforför · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of gickBefore long, both father and mother were on their way up to the forest.
Rättbefore longrätt · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesomsuddenlysom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varvarbefore longvara · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Rättvorowerevoro · pronoun, pluralcoordinated with Rättmistagged as a pronoun; this is the archaic plural past tense of vara 'to be'.
bådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with voroochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with farpåonpå · prepositionmodifies vorovägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase påuppupupp · adverbpart of the phrase påtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of påWhen they came onto the summer-pasture path, they met several of their neighbors.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommokommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on råkadekommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
ininin · adverbdepends on kommopåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking fäbodstigenfäbodstigenthe summer-farm pathfäbodstigen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommoråkademetråka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fleraSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
fleraseveralflera · pronoun, pluralsubject of råkadeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking grannarnagrannarnathe neighborsgrannarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies flera»Are you going up to the burned field?»
Skawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of oppniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of oppsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
oppupoppa · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceDialectal form of upp ("up"), a particle, not a finite verb; the parser mistagged it.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking brandfältetbrandfältetthe burned fieldbrandfält · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of opp— »We are indeed.»
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of skaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesåsowså · adverbmodifies skajayesja · interjectionparallel clause to ska— »Up to see the children?»
OppupOpp · proper noun, nominativesubject of seochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationseseese · verb, active, infinitivemodifies »påatpå · prepositionpreposition marking barnenbarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of se— »Yes, up to see how they're managing.»
Jayesja · interjectionhead of the phraseoppupopp · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase JaMistagged as a noun; opp is the colloquial spelling of upp, "up".
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationseseese · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with Jahurhowhur · adverbmodifies bärdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of bärbärare managingbära · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of seThree of the four examples use the idiom 'bär sig åt' ('manages, behaves, goes about it'), distinct from the literal carrying sense in ch33-p35-s4 ('bär på sin rygg').
sigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bäråtabout itåt · prepositiondepends on bär— »I suppose it'll all just come to play?»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevälsupposeväl · adverbmodifies blirbarajustbara · adverbmodifies blirlekplaylek · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bliravofav · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies lek— »I doubt many forest trees will come of that sort of thing.»
Intenotinte · particlemodifies blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of blirväldoubtväl · adverbmodifies blirmångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies skogsträdskogsträdforest treesskogsträd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of utsattautsattaplantedutsätta · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of bliravbyav · prepositionpreposition marking sådanasådanasuchsån · pronoun, pluralagent of utsattaColloquial/old plural of sådan ('such').
— »We've brought the coffeepot along, so they can have something warm, seeing as they'll be living on their food-bundles the whole day.»
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of tagitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tagittagittakenta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositiondepends on tagitossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluralindirect object of tagitkaffepannancoffee potkaffepanna · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tagitsåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of fåattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sådetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fåkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfåhavefå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tagitliteta littlelitet · adverbmodifies varmtvarmtwarmvarm · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fåeftersomsinceeftersom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of levadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of levaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of levalevato liveleva · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fåpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking matsäckmatsäckprovisionsmatsäck · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of levahelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of leva- 29
So father and mother came up onto the mountain, and at first they thought only of how pretty it looked with all the little rosy cheeks scattered over the gray rock slabs.
Såthenså · adverbmodifies kommokommocamekommo · adjective, nominativehead of the phraseHistorical plural past tense of komma ("to come"), not an adjective.
farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with faruppupupp · adverbdepends on kommopåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking bergetbergetmountainberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of uppochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförstfirstförst · adverbmodifies tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kommodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of tänktebarajustbara · adverbmodifies tänktepåofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of vackerthurhowhur · adverbmodifies vackertvackertbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on tänktedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on vackertsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of togutlookut · adverbmodifies togmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking rosenkindernaallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of rosenkindernadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of rosenkindernaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
småsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies rosenkindernarosenkindernathe rosy cheeksrosenkindere · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of togsomthatsom · pronounsubject of spriddaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies somarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
spriddascatteredspridd · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on rosenkindernaöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking hällarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of hällarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
gråagraygrå · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hällarnahällarnathe rock slabshällarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of spridda But then they noticed how the children were working — how some were setting out plants, others were drawing furrows and sowing seed, and some were tearing away heather so it would not smother the little trees.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsedanthensedan · adverbmodifies ladeladenoticedla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentence"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
detheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ladesurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
märkenoticemärke · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of ladeBoth attested examples are the idiom 'lägga märke till' = 'to notice', not the bare noun 'mark'; flag as context-dependent so the idiomatic sense isn't lost.
tillnoticetill · prepositionintroduces the clause of arbetadehurhowhur · adverbmodifies arbetadebarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of arbetadearbetadeworkedarbeta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ladehurhowhur · adverbmodifies sattesomligasomesomlig · pronoun, pluralsubject of sattesattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ladepast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
utoutut · adverbdepends on satteplantorplantsplanta · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of satteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies drogodrogodrawingdrogo · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with plantorpast plural of dra ('to draw/pull'); mistagged as adjective.
uppupupp · adverbdepends on drogofårorfurrowsfåra · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of ladeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåddesowedsåda · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ladefrönseedsfrön · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of såddeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluralsubject of ryckterycktetuggedrycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with såddebortawaybort · adverbdepends on ryckteljungheatherljung · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ryckteförsoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of förkvävaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase fördenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of förkvävaintenotinte · particlemodifies förkvävaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förkvävafåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of förkvävaförkvävasmotherförkväva · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on rycktedetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of trädenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
småsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies trädenträdentreesträd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of förkvävaAnd they saw that the children took the work seriously and were so eager that they scarcely had time to look up.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sågosågosawsågo · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw).
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ivrigabarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of ivrigatogotooktogo · verb, past, indicativemodifies arbetetarbetetworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies barnenpåseriouslypå · prepositionpreposition marking allvarallvarseriouslyallvar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies barnenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvorowerevoro · pronoun, pluralcoordinated with barnenmistagged as a pronoun; this is the archaic plural past tense of vara 'to be'.
såsoså · adverbmodifies ivrigaivrigaeagerivrig · adjective, nominative, pluralclausal complement of sågoattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadeknappthardlyknappt · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ivrigatidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hadeuppupupp · adverbdepends on se- 30
Father stood for a while and watched, and then he began pulling up heather.
Farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtittadelookedtitta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking tittadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjaderyckapull/snatchrycka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadeuppupupp · adverbdepends on ryckaljungheatherljung · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of rycka Just for fun, as it were.
Barajustbara · adverbmodifies lekpåforpå · prepositionpreposition marking leklekplaylek · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseliksomas it wereliksom · adverbdepends on lekThe children were the masters, for they were already skilled in the craft, and it fell to them to show father and mother how to go about it.
Barnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of visavorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies läromästarearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
läromästarethe mastersläromästare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Barnenförforför · prepositionpreposition marking vorodetheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of voroSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on Barnenarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
redanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies hemmahemmaat homehemma · adverbmodifies voroiini · prepositionpreposition marking konstenkonstenartkonst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hemmaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of fingofingogotfingo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of visaMistagged as a noun; fingo is the archaic plural past tense of få ("got/were given").
visato showvisa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencefarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of visaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with farhurhowhur · adverbmodifies bäradetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of bäraskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bärabärato carrybära · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on visasigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bäraåtabout itåt · prepositiondepends on bära- 31
It happened that all the grown-ups who had come to watch the children ended up taking part in the work.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesåthe result wasså · adverbmodifies gickattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vuxnaallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vuxnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vuxnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vuxnagrown-upvuxen · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on gicksomwhosom · pronounsubject of kommitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinerelative clause on vuxnaförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of seatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kommitpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking barnenbarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of setogotooktogo · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies delHistorical plural past form of ta, ‘take’.
delpartdel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickiini · prepositionpreposition marking arbetetarbetetworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies del Then, of course, it became much more fun than it had been before.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of blevförståsof courseförstås · adverbmodifies blevmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies roligareroligaremore funrolig · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of blevänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förutdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of föruthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förutvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to förutförutbeforeförut · adverbadverbial clause on blevAnd after a while the children got even more help.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fingoenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fingofingogotfingo · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceHistorical plural past form of få.
barnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of fingoännuevenännu · adverbmodifies mermermoremycket · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies hjälphjälphelphjälp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fingo- 32
More tools were needed up there, and a couple of long-legged boys were sent down to the village for hoes and spades.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with behövdesbehövdeswas neededbehöv · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentencefleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies verktygverktygtoolsverktyg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies däruppedäruppeup theredäruppe · numeral, nominativesubject of passive behövdesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies pojkarpojkarboyspojke · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive skickadesmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking benlångalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies benbenlegsben · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies pojkarskickadeswere sentskicka · verb, past, indicative, passiveadverbial clause on behövdesnerdownner · adverbdepends on skickadestilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking bygdenbygdensettlementbygd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skickadesefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking hackorhackorhoeshacka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of skickadesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationspadarspadesspad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with hackor When they came running past the cottages, those at home came out and asked: »What's going on? Has some accident happened?»
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommodetheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of sprungoSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
sprungoransprungo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of kommotagged as a noun but is the plural past tense of springa (to run); glossed as its actual meaning.
förbipastförbi · adverbpreposition marking stugornastugornathe cottagesstugorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies sprungokommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencekommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
dethoseen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of hemmavarandeSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
hemmavarandethose at homehemmavarande · adjective, nominativedirect object of kommoutoutut · adverbdepends on kommoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kommoVadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåonpå · prepositiondepends on stårHarhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of häntdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with hänthänthappenedhända · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencenågonsomenågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of olyckaolyckamisfortuneolycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hänt— »Oh no, but the whole parish is up at the burned field planting a forest.»
Ånejoh noÅnej · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseInterjection (Ånej = Å nej, 'oh no'), tagged as a proper noun by the parser.
dånodå · adverbmodifies Ånejmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies socknensocknenparishsockn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of oppeärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to oppeoppeup thereoppe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with ÅnejColloquial adverb 'oppe' (dialectal for 'uppe'), mistagged here as a noun.
vidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking brandfältetbrandfältetthe burned fieldbrandfält · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of oppeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationplanteraris plantingplantera · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with oppeskogforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of planterar— »If the whole parish is there, then surely we shouldn't sit at home.»
Ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to socknenhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies socknensocknenparishsockn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of »därtheredär · adverbmodifies socknendåthendå · adverbmodifies sittaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sittavälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies sittaintenotinte · particlemodifies sittaviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sittasittato sitsitta · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to socknenhemmaat homehemma · adverbdepends on sitta- 33
So the people came streaming up to the burned mountain.
Såthenså · adverbmodifies kommokommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencekommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
människornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kommoströmmandestreamingströmmande · adjective, nominativecomplement of kommouppupupp · adverbmodifies kommotilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking bergetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of bergetavbrändaburnedavbränd · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies bergetbergetmountainberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of upp At first they stood still for a while and watched, but then they could not help joining in among those at work.
Förstfirstförst · adverbmodifies stodostodostoodstodo · verb, present, indicative, passivedepends on låtaHistorical plural past form of stå.
detheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of stundsurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
stillastillstilla · adverbpreposition marking stundenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågosawsågo · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with stodomistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw).
påatpå · prepositiondepends on sågosåthenså · adverbmodifies låtakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of låtadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of låtaintenotinte · particlemodifies låtalåtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låtaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of geinfinitive marker before a verb.
geto givege · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of blisigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of geininin · adverbmodifies geblandamongbland · prepositionpreposition marking arbetandedethoseen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of arbetandeSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
arbetandeworkingarbeta · adjective, nominativeoblique complement of geFor it can be pleasant enough to go out and sow one's field in spring and think of the grain that will come up out of the earth, but this was something even more enticing.
Förforför · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of roligtkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of roligtvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to roligtroligtfunrolig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gåinfinitive marker before a verb.
gågogå · verb, active, infinitivedepends on roligtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåsowså · adverbpart of the phrase ochsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of åkeråkerfieldåka · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with gåMislemmatized: surface is 'åker', the noun ('a field'), in both attested examples ('slog ner på en åker', 'stänger för en åker') — not a form of the verb åka ('to ride/drive'). Gloss corrected to the noun sense actually attested.
påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking vårenvårenspringvår · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gåpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking sädensädengrainsäd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tänkasomthatsom · pronounsubject of kommaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
skallwillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on sädenuppupupp · adverbdepends on kommaurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking jordenjordenearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of lockandevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to lockandenågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of lockandeännuevenännu · adverbmodifies merameramoremycket · adverbmodifies lockandelockandetemptinglockande · adjective, nominativecoordinated with roligt- 34
It was not only weak stalks that were to come up from this sowing, but strong trees with tall trunks and mighty branches.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with strånvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to strånintenotinte · particlemodifies varbarajustbara · adverbmodifies svagasvagaweaksvag · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies strånstrånstalksstrå · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounsubject of kommaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
skullewere toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on strånuppupupp · adverbdepends on kommaurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking såddendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of såddenhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase densåddenthe sowingsådd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommautanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of trädvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to trädstarkastrongstark · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies trädträdtreesträd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with strånmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking stammarhögatallhög · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stammarstammartrunksstam · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies trädochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmäktigamightymäktig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies grenargrenarbranchesgren · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with stammar It was to give rise not merely to a single summer's crop, but to many years of growth.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to geatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of geinfinitive marker before a verb.
geto givege · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceupphovoriginupphov · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of geOccurs in the phrase 'ge upphov till' = to give rise to.
intenotinte · particlemodifies gebarajustbara · adverbmodifies åtåttoåt · prepositionpreposition marking grödaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sommarssommarssummer'ssommar · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of grödagrödacropgröda · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of geutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
åttoåt · prepositionmodifies växtlighetmångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies årsårsyearsår · noun, genitive, neuter, pluralpossessor of växtlighetväxtlighetvegetationväxtlighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with geIt was to awaken the hum of insects and the song of thrushes and the drumming of wood grouse, and every kind of life on the desolate height.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of väckavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to väckaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of väckainfinitive marker before a verb.
väckato wakeväcka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceinsektsurrhum of insectsinsektsurr · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of väckaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtrastsångthrush songtrastsång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with insektsurrochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtjäderspelcapercaillie displaytjäderspel · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with insektsurrochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationalltallall · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of slagsslagskind ofslag · noun, genitive, neuter, singularpossessor of livGenitive 'slags' used in the fixed phrase 'ett slags'/'vad för slags' = 'a kind of'/'what kind of'.
livlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of väckapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking bergviddendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bergviddenödsligadesolateödslig · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies bergviddenbergviddenrocky expansebergvidd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies livAnd it was, in a way, a monument that they were raising for generations to come.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies minnesmärkevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activepart of the phrase sådetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase varliksomin a wayliksom · prepositionintroduces the clause of minnesmärkeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of minnesmärkeminnesmärkemonumentminnesmärke · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of resteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
mantheyman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of resteresteraisedresa · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on minnesmärkesigoneselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of resteinförbeforeinför · prepositionpreposition marking släktenkommandecomingkommande · adjective, nominativemodifies släktensläktenfamilysläkt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of resteOne could have given them a bare, naked height as their inheritance, and now they would have a proud forest instead.
Manoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gettkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of getthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of gettgettgivenge · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of gettenaen · determiner, common gender, singularquantifies kalkalbarekal · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gettAdjective kal ('bare/barren'); tagged as noun.
nakenbarenaken · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardeterminer of höjdhöjda heighthöja · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with kaliasi · prepositionpreposition marking arvarvinheritancearv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of höjdochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies fåskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fådetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fåiinsteadi · prepositionmodifies fåställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase ifåhavefå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gettenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skogstoltproudstolt · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies skogskogforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåAnd when those who came after considered this, they would understand that their forefathers had been a good and wise people, and they would think of them with reverence and gratitude.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionmodifies förstådethoseen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of dettaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
efterkommandethose who followedefterkommande · adjective, nominativemodifies besinnadebesinnadeconsideredbesinna · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase närskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förstådetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of förståsurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
förståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of folkderastheirde · pronounpossessor of förfäderpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
förfäderancestorsförfäder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of folkhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of folkvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to folkettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of folkgottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies folkochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkloktwiseklok · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with gottfolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of förståochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of tänkaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänkatänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with förståpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of tänkamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vördnadvördnadreverencevördnad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tänkaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtacksamhetgratitudetacksamhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with vördnad
The particulars
- The text
- Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige, Selma Lagerlöf. The Wonderful Adventures of Nils.
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- Public-domain Swedish (Lagerlöf, d. 1940; published 1906–07). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
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