Swedish · The Wonderful Adventures of Nils
Västerbotten och Lappland
Västerbotten and Lappland
Tap a sentence to open its words.
- 1
When the boy was at Skansen, he had once sat under the stairs to the Bollnäs cottage and listened to Klement Larsson and the old Lapp talk about Norrland.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hadepåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking SkansenSkansenSkansenSkansen · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of varhadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on suttithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of suttitsuttitsatsutta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceArchaic spelling of suttit, the supine of sitta ("to sit").
underunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking trappantrappanthe staircasetrappan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of suttittilloftill · prepositionpreposition marking BollnässtuganBollnässtuganthe Bollnäs cottageBollnässtugan · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of suttitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhörtheardhöra · verb, active, supinecoordinated with suttitpåtopå · prepositionintroduces the clause of talathurhowhur · adverbmodifies talatKlementKlementKlement · proper noun, nominativesubject of talatProper name, Klement Larsson.
LarssonLarssonLarsson · proper noun, nominativedepends on KlementSurname, Klement Larsson.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlappgubbenold Lapp manlappgubb · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with KlementDated period ethnonym for a Sámi man, kept as historical vocabulary.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of talattalattalkedtala · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hörtomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking NorrlandNorrlandNorrlandNorrland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of talatRegion of northern Sweden.
Both had agreed that it was the best part of Sweden, but Klement Larsson liked best the provinces south of the Ångerman River, while the old Lapp maintained that those lying north of that river were the foremost.
BådabothBåda · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ensevaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to enseenseagreedense · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseomthatom · prepositionintroduces the clause of delenattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of delendetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with delenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to delendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of delenbästabestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies delendelenpartdel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on enseavofav · prepositionpreposition marking SverigeSverigeSwedenSverige · proper noun, nominativemodifies delenmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationKlementKlementKlement · proper noun, nominativesubject of tyckteProper name, Klement Larsson.
LarssonLarssonLarsson · proper noun, nominativedepends on KlementSurname, Klement Larsson.
tycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemestbestmycket · adverbmodifies tyckteomlikeom · prepositionpreposition marking landskapenlandskapenprovinceslandskap · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of tycktesödersouthsöder · adverbmodifies tyckteomofom · prepositionpreposition marking ÅngermanälvenÅngermanälvenÅngerman RiverÅngermanälven · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of tycktemedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of påstodlappgubbenold Lapp manlappgubb · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of påstodDated period ethnonym for a Sámi man, kept as historical vocabulary.
påstodmaintainedpåstod · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionmodifies påstoddetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralpart of the phrase attsomthatsom · subordinating conjunctionmodifies lågolågolaylågo · adjective, nominative, comparativerelative clause on deArchaic plural past tense of ligga ("to lie"), not an adjective; the parser mistagged it.
norrnorthnorr · adverbmodifies lågoomofom · prepositionpreposition marking älvdennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of älvälvriverälv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of norrvorowerevoro · verb, imperative, activecoordinated with deOld plural past tense of vara ('to be'), mistagged here as imperative.
detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of förnämstaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
förnämstaforemostförnämsta · adjective, nominative, superlativedepends on voro- 2
Just as they were talking of this, it came out that Klement had never been farther north than Härnösand, and then the old Lapp had to laugh at him, who spoke so confidently about regions he had never seen.
Bästjust asBäst · adverbsubject of komIn the idiom bäst som ("just as/right when").
somassom · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase Bästdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of taladetaladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Bästhäromabout thishärom · adverbmodifies taladekomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of komframforwardfram · adverbdepends on komattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of norrutKlementKlementKlement · proper noun, nominativesubject of norrutProper name, Klement Larsson.
aldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies norruthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of norrutvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to norrutlängrefartherlänge · adverbmodifies norrutnorrutnorthwardnorrut · adverbadverbial clause on komänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of Härnösandiini · prepositionpreposition marking HärnösandHärnösandHärnösandHärnösand · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of norrutochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies skrattamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of skrattalappgubbenold Lapp manlappgubb · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skrattaDated period ethnonym for a Sámi man, kept as historical vocabulary.
skrattalaughskratta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with norrutåtatåt · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skrattasomwhosom · pronounsubject of yttradeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
yttradespokeyttra · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on skrattasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of yttradesåsoså · adverbmodifies tvärsäkerttvärsäkertconfidentlytvärsäkert · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of yttradeomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking traktertrakterdistrictstrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of yttradesomthatsom · pronoundirect object of settThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supinerelative clause on trakter »I really must tell you a story, Klement, so that you may know what it looks like in Västerbotten and Lappland, in the great Sameland, where you have never been,» he said.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of berättamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of berättavisstcertainlyviss · adverbmodifies berättasurface visst here is the adverb 'certainly/surely', not the adjective viss 'certain'.
berättato tellberätta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sagasagatalesaga · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of berättaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies sagaKlementKlementKlement · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with digmistagged as a common noun; this is the proper name of a character (a keeper at Skansen).
såsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of vetaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetafårmayfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of vetavetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on berättahurhowhur · adverbmodifies serdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of vetautlookut · adverbdepends on seriini · prepositionpreposition marking VästerbottenVästerbottenVästerbottenvästerbott · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of serSwedish province name.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationLapplandLaplandLappland · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Västerbotteniini · prepositionpreposition marking Samelandetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of Samelandetstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies Samelandetweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
SamelandetSamelandSameland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies Västerbottendärtheredär · adverbmodifies varitduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varitintenotinte · particlemodifies varitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinerelative clause on Samelandetsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to berättahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade— »It shall never be said of me that I refuse to hear a story, just as it has never been said of you that you have refused to take a drop of coffee,» answered Klement, and the old Lapp began his tale.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sagtskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagtaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies sagtblito becomebli · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivepassive auxiliary of sagtsagtsaidsäga · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseReally the supine 'sagt' of the verb säga ('to say'), mistagged here as an adjective.
omofom · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sagtattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of nekarjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of nekarnekarrefusesneka · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sagtatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hörainfinitive marker before a verb.
hörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of nekarenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sagasagatalesaga · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of höraliksomjust asliksom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sagtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sagtaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies sagtharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagtblivitbecomebli · auxiliary verb, active, supinepassive auxiliary of sagtsagtsaidsäga · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on sagtReally the supine 'sagt' of the verb säga ('to say'), mistagged here as an adjective.
omofom · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sagtattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of nekatduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of nekatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of nekatnekatrefusednekaa · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sagtatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tainfinitive marker before a verb.
tato taketa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of nekatemottakeemot · adverbdepends on taenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularquantifies tårtåra droptår · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of takaffecoffeekaffe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularin apposition to tårsvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with nekatKlementKlementKlement · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of svarademistagged as a common noun; this is the proper name of a character (a keeper at Skansen).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlappgubbenthe old Lapplappgubb · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with nekatsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of historiahistoriastoryhistoria · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of började- 3
»It happened once, Klement, that the birds who lived down in Sweden, south of the great Sameland, thought that they were too cramped for room, and considered moving north.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with händehändehappenedhäna · adjective, nominativehead of the phrasemistagged as an adjective; it is the past tense of 'hända' (to happen).
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of händeKlementKlementKlement · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with gångPersonal name (Klement Larsson); the parser mistagged it as a common noun.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tycktefåglarnabirdsfågl · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of tycktesomwhosom · pronounsubject of boddeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
boddelivedbodde · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on fåglarnaneredownnere · adverbdepends on boddeiini · prepositionpreposition marking SverigeSverigeSwedenSverige · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of boddesödersouthsöder · adverbmodifies fåglarnaomofom · prepositionpreposition marking Samelandetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of Samelandetstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies Samelandetweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
SamelandetSamelandSameland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of södertycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on händeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of trångboddadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of trångboddavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to trångboddaförtooför · prepositionmodifies trångboddatrångboddacramped for roomtrångbodda · adjective, nominative, pluralclausal complement of tyckteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with trångboddapåaboutpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of flyttaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of flyttainfinitive marker before a verb.
flyttamoveflytta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tänktenorrutnorthwardnorrut · adverbmodifies flytta - 4
They gathered and took counsel.
Detheyen · determiner, pluralsubject of samladeSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
samladegatheredsamla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of samladeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationöverladedeliberatedöverla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sig The young and eager wanted to set out on the migration at once, but the old and wise carried the point that they should first send out scouts to explore the unknown land.
Detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of anträdaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
ungayoungung · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of anträdaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationivrigaeagerivrig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with ungavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of anträdagenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies anträdaanträdaset out onanträda · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceflyttresanmigrationflyttresa · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of anträdamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of gamlaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
gamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of drevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvisato showvisa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gamladrevcarried the pointdriva · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with anträdaigenomthroughigenom · adverbdepends on drevattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sändadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sändaförstfirstförst · adverbmodifies sändaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sändasändato sendsända · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of drevutoutut · adverbdepends on sändakunskaparescoutkunskapare · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sändaKunskapare is an older word for a scout or intelligence-gatherer.
förtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of forskaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of forskainfinitive marker before a verb.
forskato exploreforska · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sändautexploreut · adverbdepends on forskadetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of landetfrämmandestrangefrämmande · adjective, nominativemodifies landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of forska'Let each of the five great bird-peoples send out a scout,' said the wise ones, 'so that we may all learn whether we can find nesting places, food, and shelter in the north!'
MåletMå · prepositionpreposition marking vartvarteachvar · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies skickaSurface 'vart' covers both the adverb 'vart' (whither/to where, ch11/ch16) and the neuter form of determiner 'var' (each, agreeing with neuter 'ett' in 'vart och ett' = each one, ch34/ch43); the latter sense was missing.
ochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase vartetteachen · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase vartthis type bundles three distinct functions of the neuter forms det/ett under one entry.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking fågelfolkendetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fågelfolkenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
femfivefem · numeral, nominativequantifies fågelfolkenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fågelfolkenfågelfolkenbird-peoplesfågelfolk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ettskickato sendskicka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of spejarespejarescoutspejare · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skickasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activein apposition to spejaredetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sadesurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
visato showvisa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of sadesåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of vetaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vetaallaallall · pronoun, pluralsubject of vetafårmayfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of vetavetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sadeomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of finnaviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of finnaiini · prepositionmodifies finnanorrnorthnorr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase ikancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of finnafinnafindfinna · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of vetaboplatserdwelling placesboplats · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of finnafödafoodföda · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to boplatserochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgömställenhiding placesgömställe · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with föda- 5
Five good and wise birds were at once chosen by the five great bird-peoples.
Femfivefem · numeral, nominativedeterminer of fåglargodagoodgod · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fåglarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationklokawisekloka · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with godafåglarbirdsfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies blevutseddachosenutse · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of blevavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking fågelfolkendetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fågelfolkenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
femfivefem · numeral, nominativequantifies fågelfolkenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fågelfolkenfågelfolkenbird-peoplesfågelfolk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularagent of blev The forest birds chose a capercaillie, the plain birds a lark, the sea birds a gull, the lake birds a loon, and the mountain birds a snow bunting.
Skogsfåglarnathe forest birdsSkogsfåglarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of valdevaldechosevala · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tjädertjädercapercaillietjäd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of valdeslättfåglarnathe plain birdsslättfågl · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with tjäderenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lärkalärkalarklärka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of valdehavsfåglarnasea birdshavsfågl · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with lärkaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fiskmåsfiskmåsseagullfiskmås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to lärkainsjöfåglarnathe lake birdsinsjöfåglare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with fiskmåsenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lomlomloonlom · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of valdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfjällfåglarnathe mountain birdsfjällfågl · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with valdeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of snösparvsnösparvsnow buntingsnösparv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fjällfåglarna- 6
When these five were to begin their journey, the capercaillie, who was the largest and most authoritative, said: 'There are vast expanses lying before us.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of börjadessathesedenna · determiner, pluraldeterminer of femfemfivefem · numeral, nominativesubject of börjaskullewere toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of börjabörjato beginbörja · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sadesinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of resaresajourneyresa · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of börjasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetjäderncapercaillietjäder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesomwhosom · pronounsubject of störstaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to störstadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of störstastörstabiggeststor · adjective, nominative, superlativein apposition to sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmyndigastemost authoritativemyndig · adjective, nominative, superlativecoordinated with störstaDetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of vidderärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to vidderstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vidderviddervast expansesvidd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounsubject of liggerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
liggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on vidderframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of ligger If we travel together, it will be a long time before we have flown over all the land we have to explore.
Farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on dröjaviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Fartillsammanstogethertillsammans · adverbmodifies Farkommerwillkomma · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of dröjadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of dröjaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of dröjainfinitive marker before a verb.
dröjato delaydröja · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencelängea long timelänge · adverbmodifies dröjainnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of flugitviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of flugitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of flugitflugitflownfluga · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on dröjaöveroveröver · prepositiondepends on flugitalltallall · determiner, neuter, singularpart of the phrase överdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of flugitsomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of harThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on landatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of forskainfinitive marker before a verb.
forskato exploreforska · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of harigenomthroughigenom · prepositiondepends on forskaIf instead we travel separately and each examines our own part of the land, the whole business can be done in a couple of days.'
Farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of utförtviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vardäremoton the other handdäremot · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularrelative clause on Farthe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
föreachför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of varochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationundersökerexaminesundersöka · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with varvareachvar · pronoun, common gender, singularpart of the phrase undersöker"var" is both the interrogative/relative adverb "where" and the past tense of vara ("was"); the parser conflated the two under one type.
sinour ownsig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of deldelpartdel · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of undersökeravofav · prepositionpreposition marking landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies delkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of utförthelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies ärendetärendetbusinessärend · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of utförtvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to utförtutförtcarried oututföra · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencepåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking darettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies dardardaysd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of utfört- 7
The other four scouts thought this was a wise proposal, and fell in with it.
Detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of kunskaparnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kunskaparnafyrafourfyra · numeral, nominativequantifies kunskaparnakunskaparnathe scoutskunskaparna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of tyckteHere kunskapare is an archaic term for a scout or spy.
tycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förslagdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of förslagvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to förslagettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of förslagvistwisevist · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies förslagförslagproposalförslag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of tyckteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrättadefell in withrätta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with förslagsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of rättadeefterwithefter · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of rättade It was agreed that the capercaillie should explore the middle land, the lark should travel a stretch farther east, and the gull farther east still, where the land sank into the sea.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceöverenskommetagreedöverenskom · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of blevattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of forskatjäderncapercaillietjäder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of forskaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of forskaforskato exploreforska · verb, active, infinitivedepends on blevigenomthroughigenom · prepositiondepends on forskamittlandetmiddle landmittland · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of forskalärkanthe larklärkan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive färdasskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of färdasfärdastravelfärda · verb, passive, infinitivecoordinated with forskaettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of styckestyckepiecestycke · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of passive färdasöstligarefarther eastöstlig · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of färdasochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfiskmåsenthe gullfiskmåse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with östligareännustillännu · adverbmodifies längrelängrefartherlänge · adverbmodifies färdasmoteastmot · prepositionpreposition marking österöstereastöster · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of färdasdärtheredär · adverbmodifies sjönklandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of sjönksjönksanksjönk · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on österiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking havethavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sjönkThe loon undertook to fly a stretch farther west than the capercaillie, and the snow bunting was to travel farthest to the west, along the border of the land.
Lommenthe loonLommen · proper noun, nominativesubject of åtogåtogundertookåta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of åtogatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of flygainfinitive marker before a verb.
flygaflyflyga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of åtogettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of styckestyckepiecestycke · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of flygavästligarefarther westvästlig · adverbcomplement of flygaänthanän · prepositionpreposition marking tjäderntjäderncapercaillietjäder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flygaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsnösparventhe snow buntingsnösparv · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of faraskullewas toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of farafaragofara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with åtogsome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
längstfarthestlänge · adverbmodifies västermotwestmot · prepositionpreposition marking västervästerwestväster · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies farautmedalongutmed · prepositionpreposition marking landsgränsenlandsgränsenthe national borderlandsgräns · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to väster- 8
In this order the five birds traveled north, as far as the land extended.
Iini · prepositionpreposition marking ordningdennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ordningordningorderordning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasefortraveledfor · prepositionpreposition marking fåglarnaPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fåglarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
femfivefem · numeral, nominativequantifies fåglarnafåglarnathe birdsfåglarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies ordningmotnorthmot · prepositionpreposition marking norrnorrnorthnorr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fåglarnasåasså · adverbmodifies långtlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies ordningsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of räcktelandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of räckteräckteextendedräcka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on långt Then they turned back and told the assembled birds what they had seen.
Sedanthensedan · adverbmodifies vändevändeturnedvääggn · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLemma is garbled; surface vände is the past tense of vända ("to turn").
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of vändetillbakabacktillbaka · adverbdepends on vändeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationberättadetoldberätta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vändedetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fåglarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
församladeassembledförsamla · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fåglarnafåglarnathe birdsfåglarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vändevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of settdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supinedepends on vände- 9
The gull, who had traveled along the outer skerries, was the first to speak.
Fiskmåsenthe gullFiskmåsen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of togsomwhosom · pronounsubject of faritThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of faritfarittraveledfara · verb, active, supinerelative clause on Fiskmåsenframforwardfram · adverbdepends on faritialongi · prepositionpreposition marking havsbandethavsbandetouter skerrieshavsbande · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of framtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceförstfirstförst · adverbmodifies togtillto speaktill · prepositionintroduces the clause of ordaordaspeakord · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of togIn the fixed phrase ta till orda, meaning ‘begin to speak.’
- 10
'It is a good land up there in the north,' he said.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with landärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to landettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of landgottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies däroppedäroppeup theredäroppe · adverbhead of the phraseiini · prepositionmodifies sadenorrnorthnorr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase isadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to däroppehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade 'It consists of nothing but a long archipelago.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of bestårbestårconsists ofbestå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies beståravofav · prepositionpreposition marking skärgårdannatanything elseannan · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies enänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase annatenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skärgårdlånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies skärgårdskärgårdarchipelagoskärgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bestårIt is full of fish-rich sounds and wooded headlands and islands.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of uddarärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to uddarfulltfullfull · adverbmodifies uddarAdverbial use of full/fullt, e.g. 'fullt så' = 'quite as'.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking uddarfiskrikafish-richfiskrik · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies uddarsundsound/straitsund · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fiskrikaNoun meaning a narrow sea channel; tagged as adjective.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskogigawoodedskogig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with sunduddarpoints of landudda · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationöarislandsöar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with uddarMost of these are uninhabited, and the sea birds will find nesting places enough on them.
Detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of flestaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
flestamostmången · adjective, nominative, plural, superlativesubject of obeboddaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking dessadessathesedenna · pronoun, pluralmodifies flestaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to obeboddaobeboddauninhabitedobebodd · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on finnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhavsfåglarnasea birdshavsfågl · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of skaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of finnapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of finnafinnafindfinna · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencetillräckligtsufficientlytillräcklig · adverbdirect object of finnamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking boplatserboplatserdwelling placesboplats · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of finnaThe people carry on a bit of fishing and shipping in the sounds, but not so much that it could disturb us birds.
Människornathe peopleMänniskorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of driverdrivercarry ondriva · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fiskesmulabitsmula · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fiskefiskefishingfiske · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of driverochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsjöfartshippingsjöfart · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with fiskeiini · prepositionpreposition marking sundensundensounds (straits)sund · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of drivermenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies mycketsåsoså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · adverbcoordinated with driverattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of störadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of störakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of störastöradisturbstöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on mycketossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluralindirect object of störafåglarbirdsfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of störaIf the sea-bird people wish to follow my advice, let them move north at once.'
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of följahavsfåglarnasthe seabirds'havsfågel · noun, genitive, common gender, pluralpossessor of folkfolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of följavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of följaföljato followfölja · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on flyttamittmymig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of rådNeuter form of the possessive min ("my"), not the object pronoun mig.
rådadviceråd · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of följamåmaymå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of flyttadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of flyttagenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies flyttaflyttamoveflytta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemotnorthmot · prepositionpreposition marking norrnorrnorthnorr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flytta- 11
After the gull, the lark spoke, who had explored the land inland of the coast.
Efterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking fiskmåsenfiskmåsenseagullfiskmås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of taladetaladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencelärkanthe larklärkan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of taladesomwhosom · pronounsubject of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on lärkangenomforskatexploredgenomforska · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeinnanförinsideinnanför · prepositionpreposition marking kustenkustencoastkust · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hade - 12
'I don't understand what the gull means by her islands and headlands,' she said.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstårförstårunderstand(s)förstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies förstårvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of menarfiskmåsenthe gullfiskmåsen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of menarmenarmeansmena · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of förstårmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking öarsinahersig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of öaröarislandsöar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of menarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationuddarheadlandsudda · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with öarsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with menarhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade 'I have only traveled over great fields and the fairest flowering meadows.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of faritharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of faritbarajustbara · adverbmodifies faritfarittraveledfara · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceframforwardfram · adverbmodifies faritöveroveröver · adverbpreposition marking fältstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fältfältfieldfält · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of framochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of blomsterängarSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
skönastemost beautifulskön · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies blomsterängarblomsterängarflowering meadowsblomsteräng · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with fältNever before have I seen a land so cut through by so many great rivers.
AldrigneverAldrig · adverbmodifies förrförrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies settharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of settjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settsettseense · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of settsomthatsom · pronounsubject of genomskuretThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to genomskuretgenomskuretcut throughgenomskuret · noun, nominative, neuter, singularrelative clause on landavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking flodersåsoså · adverbmodifies mångamångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies floderstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies floderfloderriversflod · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies genomskuretIt was a joy to me to see them, broad and mighty, traveling in calm course over the level plain.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularsubject of varenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of glädjeglädjejoyglädje · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of varatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitivedepends on vardemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of sebredabroadbred · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies loppochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmäktigamightymäktig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with bredaiati · prepositionpreposition marking lopplugntcalmlugnt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies lopploppcourselopp · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of seIn the idiom 'i tidernas lopp' (over the course of time).
färdastravelsfärda · verb, present, indicative, passivecomplement of vardeponent verb färdas, passive in form but active in meaning.
överoveröver · prepositionpreposition marking slättendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of slättenjämnaleveljämn · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies slättenslättenplainslätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of färdasOn the riverbanks the farms lie as close together as along a town street, and at the river mouths there are cities, but otherwise the land is very desolate.
Påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking flodsträndernaflodsträndernathe riverbanksflodstränderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of liggerliggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegårdarnathe farmsgårdarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of liggersåasså · adverbmodifies stadsgatatättclosetätt · adverbpart of the phrase såsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of utmedutmedalongutmed · prepositionpreposition marking stadsgataenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stadsgatastadsgatatown streetstadsgata · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of liggerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking älvmynningarnaälvmynningarnathe river mouthsälvmynning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of finnsfinnsthere arefinnas · verb, present, indicativecoordinated with liggerstädertownsstad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of finnsmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförotherwiseför · prepositionmodifies ödsligtövrigtotherwiseövrigt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase förärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to ödsligtlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of ödsligtmycketverymycket · adverbmodifies ödsligtödsligtdesolateödslig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with finnsIf the plain-bird people wish to obey my advice, they should move north at once.'
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lydaslättfåglarnasthe plain birds'slättfågel · noun, genitive, common gender, pluralpossessor of folkfolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of lydavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lydalydato obeylyda · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on flyttamittmyjag · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of rådThis entry is really the possessive "mitt" (neuter agreement), mistagged under the lemma jag.
rådadviceråd · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of lydabörought toböra · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of flyttadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of flyttagenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies flyttaflyttamoveflytta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemotnorthmot · prepositionpreposition marking norrnorrnorthnorr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flytta- 13
After the lark came the capercaillie, who had flown over the middle land.
Efterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking lärkanlärkanlarklärka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetjäderncapercaillietjäder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komsomwhosom · pronounsubject of flugitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flugitflugitflownfluga · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on komöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking mittlandetmittlandetmiddle landmittland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of flugit - 14
'I understand neither what the lark means by her meadows nor the gull by her archipelago,' he said.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstårförstårunderstand(s)förstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevarkenneithervarken · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of menarlärkanlarklärka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of menarmenarmeansmena · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of förstårmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ängarsinahersig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of ängarängarmeadowsäng · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of menarelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfiskmåsenthe gullfiskmåse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ängarmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking skärgårdsinhersig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of skärgårdskärgårdarchipelagoskärgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fiskmåsensadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with menarhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade 'I have seen nothing but pine forests and spruce forests during the whole journey.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of settintenotinte · particlemodifies settsettseense · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase settänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase annatfuruskogarpine forestsfuruskog · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of settochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgranskogarspruce forestsgranskoga · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with settMistagged as a verb; 'granskogar' is the plural noun 'spruce forests'.
underduringunder · prepositionpreposition marking resanhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies resanresanjourneyresa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of granskogarA great many large bogs and many rushing, swift rivers are found there too, but everything that is not bog or river is dark coniferous forest.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of mängdmängda great manymängd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies mossarstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies mossarmossarbogsmoss · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies forsandeforsanderushingforsa · adjective, nominativecoordinated with mossarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstridato fightstrida · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with mossarälvarriversälv · adverbmodifies finnsMistagged as an adverb; älvar is the plural of älv ("river").
finnsare foundfinnas · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentencedärtheredär · adverbmodifies finnsocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies finnsmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationallteverythingall · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of barrskogsomthatsom · pronounsubject of mosseThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies mosseärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to mossemossebogmosse · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularrelative clause on alltelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationälvriverälv · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with mosseärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to barrskogmörkdarkmörk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies barrskogbarrskogconifer forestbarrskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with finnsI have not seen farmland, I have not seen human dwellings.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies settharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of settjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settsettseense · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceåkerfältfieldåkerfält · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of settintenotinte · particlemodifies settharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of settjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settsettseense · verb, active, supineparallel clause to settmänniskoboningarhuman dwellingsmänniskoboning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of settIf the forest-bird people wish to obey my advice, they should move north at once.'
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lydaskogsfåglarnasthe forest birds'skogsfågel · noun, genitive, common gender, pluralpossessor of folkfolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of lydavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lydalydato obeylyda · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on flyttamittmyjag · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of rådThis entry is really the possessive "mitt" (neuter agreement), mistagged under the lemma jag.
rådadviceråd · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of lydabörought toböra · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of flyttadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of flyttagenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies flyttaflyttamoveflytta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemotnorthmot · prepositionpreposition marking norrnorrnorthnorr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flytta- 15
After the capercaillie came the loon, who had examined the belt of land beyond the forest region.
Efterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking tjäderntjäderncapercaillietjäder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencelommenthe loonlommen · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of komsomwhosom · pronounsubject of granskatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of granskatgranskatexaminedgranska · verb, active, supinerelative clause on lommenlandbältetthe belt of landlandbält · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of granskatbortombeyondbortom · prepositionpreposition marking skogstraktenskogstraktenwoodland regionskogstrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of granskat - 16
'I don't understand what the capercaillie means by his forest, nor do I know where the lark and the gull have had their eyes,' said the loon.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstårförstårunderstand(s)förstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies förstårvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of menartjäderncapercaillietjäder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of menarmenarmeansmena · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of förstårmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking skogsinhersig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of skogskogforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of menarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies vethellereitherheller · adverbmodifies vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with förstårjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeintroduces the clause of haftlärkanlarklärka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haftochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfiskmåsenthe gullfiskmåse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with lärkanharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supineclausal complement of vetsinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of ögonögoneyesögon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of haftsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to vetlommenthe loonlommen · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sade 'There is hardly any land up there.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of däroppeärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to däroppeknappasthardlyknappast · adverbmodifies däroppenågotanynågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of däroppedäroppeup theredäroppe · adverbhead of the phraseIt is nothing but great lakes.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sjöarärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to sjöaridelnothing butidel · numeral, nominativemodifies sjöarmistagged as a numeral; it is the adjective/adverb 'idel' meaning 'nothing but, sheer'.
storabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sjöarsjöarlakessjö · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraseBetween lovely shores gleam deep-blue mountain lakes, which pour themselves out in thundering waterfalls.
Mellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking stränderskönabeautifulskön · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies strändersträndershoresstränd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of blänkerblänkergleamsblänka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedjupblåadeep-bluedjupblåa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of blänkerfjällsjöarmountain lakesfjällsjöar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of blänkersomwhichsom · pronounsubject of utgjuterThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
utgjuterpour oututgjuta · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on fjällsjöarsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of utgjuteriini · prepositionpreposition marking vattenfalldånanderoaringdåna · adjective, nominativemodifies vattenfallPresent participle of 'dåna' (to thunder/boom) used adjectivally.
vattenfallwaterfallvattenfall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of utgjuterI saw churches and large church villages by some of the lakes, but others lay desolate and undisturbed.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekyrkorchurcheskyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kyrkbyarkyrkbyarchurch villageskyrkbyar · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with kyrkorvidbyvid · prepositionpreposition marking somligasomligasomesomlig · pronoun, pluraloblique complement of sågavofav · prepositionpreposition marking sjöarnasjöarnalakessjö · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies somligamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationandraothersannan · pronoun, pluralsubject of låglåglowlåg · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sågödedesolateöde · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on lågöde is both a neuter noun 'fate' and an unrelated adjective 'deserted/desolate'; some examples use the adjective.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfredadeundisturbedfreda · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågIf the lake-bird people wish to obey my advice, they should move north at once.'
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lydainsjöfåglarnasthe lake birds'insjöfågl · noun, genitive, common gender, pluralpossessor of folkfolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of lydavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lydalydato obeylyda · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on flyttamittmyjag · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of rådThis entry is really the possessive "mitt" (neuter agreement), mistagged under the lemma jag.
rådadviceråd · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of lydabörought toböra · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of flyttadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of flyttagenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies flyttaflyttamoveflytta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemotnorthmot · prepositionpreposition marking norrnorrnorthnorr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flytta- 17
Last of all spoke the snow bunting, who had flown along the border of the land.
Tilllast of alltill · prepositionpreposition marking snösparvensistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase Tilltaladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activemodifies snösparvensnösparventhe snow buntingsnösparv · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralhead of the phrasesomwhosom · pronounsubject of flugitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flugitflugitflownfluga · verb, active, supinerelative clause on snösparvenframforwardfram · adverbdepends on flugitutmedalongutmed · prepositionpreposition marking landsgränsenlandsgränsenthe national borderlandsgräns · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fram - 18
'I don't understand what the loon means by her lakes, nor do I grasp what kind of land the capercaillie and the lark and the gull can have seen,' he said.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstårförstårunderstand(s)förstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies förstårvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of menarlommenthe loonlommen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of menarmenarmeansmena · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of förstårmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sjöarsinahersig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of sjöarsjöarlakessjö · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of menarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies begriperhellereitherheller · adverbmodifies begriperbegriperunderstandbegripa · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of begripervadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of setttjäderncapercaillietjäder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlärkanlarklärka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with tjädernochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfiskmåsenthe gullfiskmåse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with tjädernkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of setthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supineclausal complement of begriperförkind offör · prepositionpreposition marking landettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of settsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with setthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade 'Up there in the north I have found a great mountain land.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of funnitdäroppeup theredäroppe · adverbdirect object of hariini · prepositionmodifies funnitnorrnorthnorr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase ifunnitfoundfinna · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of fjällandstortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies fjällandfjällandmountain countryfjälland · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of funnitI have come upon no plains, no great forest, but mountain peak after mountain peak, mountain expanse after mountain expanse.
Inganoinga · pronoun, pluraldeterminer of slätterslätterplainsslätt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of råkatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkatjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkatråkatcome uponråka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencepåuponpå · prepositiondepends on råkatingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of storskogstorskoggreat foreststorskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with råkatmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbergtoppmountain peakbergtopp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with storskogefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking bergtoppbergtoppmountain peakbergtopp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bergtoppfjällviddmountain expansefjällvidd · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with storskogefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking fjällviddfjällviddmountain expansefjällvidd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of storskogI have seen ice fields and snow and mountain streams with water white as milk.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceisfältice fieldsisfält · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of settochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsnösnowsnö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with isfältochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbergbäckarmountain streamsbergbäck · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of vittmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vattenvattenwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of vittvittwhitevi · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of settsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of mjölkmjölkmilkmjölk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of settNo fields, no meadows have met my eyes, but grounds covered with willow, dwarf birch, and reindeer moss.
Inganoinga · pronoun, pluralsubject of åkraråkrarfieldsåkra · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraseingano/noneingen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ängarängarmeadowsäng · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of möttharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of möttmöttmetmött · verb, active, supinecoordinated with åkrarminamymig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of blickarThe surface mina is the plural possessive form of min, despite the lemma and morphology supplied.
blickarglancesblick · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of möttmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmarkerlandsmark · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with åkrarsomthatsom · pronounsubject of täcktaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to täcktatäcktacoveredtäckt · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on markeravwithav · prepositionpreposition marking videvidewillowvide · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of täcktadvärgbjörkdwarf birchdvärgbjörk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with videochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrenmossareindeer lichenrenmossa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with videNo farmers, no domestic animals, no farms have I found, but Lapps, reindeer, and Lapp huts.
Inganoinga · determiner, pluraldeterminer of bönderbönderfarmersbönd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of funnitingano/noneingen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of husdjurhusdjurlivestockhusdjur · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with bönderingano/noneingen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of gårdargårdarfarmsgård · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralin apposition to bönderharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of funnitjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of funnitfunnitfoundfinna · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlapparLappslapp · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with funnitPeriod term for the Sami people; preserved as in the historical source text.
renarreindeerren · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with lapparochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlappkåtorLapp hutslappkåtor · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with lapparIf the mountain-bird people wish to obey my advice, they should move north at once.'
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lydafjällfåglarnasthe mountain birds'fjällfågel · noun, genitive, common gender, pluralpossessor of folkfolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of lydavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lydalydato obeylyda · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on flyttamittmyjag · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of rådThis entry is really the possessive "mitt" (neuter agreement), mistagged under the lemma jag.
rådadviceråd · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of lydabörought toböra · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of flyttadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of flyttagenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies flyttaflyttamoveflytta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemotnorthmot · prepositionpreposition marking norrnorrnorthnorr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flytta- 19
When the five scouts had spoken in this way, they began to call each other liars and were ready to fly at one another and fight to prove the truth of their words.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of talatdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of kunskaparnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
femfivefem · numeral, nominativequantifies kunskaparnakunskaparnathe scoutskunskaparna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of talatHere kunskapare is an archaic term for a scout or spy.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of talattalattalkedtala · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on börjadepåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättetdettathisdenna · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sättetsättetwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of talatbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kallakallacoldkalla · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadeMislemmatized: both examples ('det kalla nattkvarteret', 'i den kalla marsnatten') show the definite/inflected adjective 'kall' ('cold'), not the verb kalla ('to call'). Gloss corrected to match the attested adjective use.
varandraeach othervarandra · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of kallaförasför · prepositionpreposition marking lögnarelögnareliarslögn · adjective, nominative, comparativeoblique complement of kallaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvareveryvar · determiner, common gender, singularcopula linking to färdigafärdigareadyfärdig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with kallaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of farafaragofara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of kallasome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
ihoptogetherihop · adverbdepends on faraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstridato fightstrida · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with faraförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of bevisaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bevisainfinitive marker before a verb.
bevisaprovebevisa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stridasanningentruthsanning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of bevisaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking ordsinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of ordordwordsord · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies sanningen But the old and wise birds who had sent them out had heard their reports with joy, and calmed the combative ones.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of gamlaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
gamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of hörtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvisato showvisa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gamlafåglarnabirdsfågl · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of visasomwhosom · pronounsubject of skickatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skickatskickatsentskickat · verb, active, supinerelative clause on fåglarnautoutut · adverbdepends on skickatdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of skickathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörthörtheardhöra · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencederastheirde · pronounpossessor of talpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
talreportstal · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hörtmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking glädjeglädjejoyglädje · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hörtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlugnadecalmedlugna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hörtdetheen · determiner, pluralsubject of lugnadeSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
stridslystnacombativestridslysten · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of lugnade- 20
'You must not be angry with one another,' they said.
Niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vredgassecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
skawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of vredgasintenotinte · particlemodifies vredgasvredgasbe angryvredgas · noun, genitive, common gender, plurallinks the coordinationpåwithpå · prepositionpreposition marking varandravarandraeach othervarandra · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies vredgassadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on vredgasdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sade 'We understand from your words that up there in the north there is both a great mountain land and a great lake land and a great forest land and a great plain land and a great archipelago.
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of förstårförstårunderstand(s)förstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking orderayourera · pronoun, pluralpossessor of ordordwordord · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of förstårattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of finnsdäroppeup theredäroppe · adverbsubject of finnsiini · prepositionmodifies finnsnorrnorthnorr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase ifinnsthere isfinnas · verb, present, indicativeclausal complement of förstårbådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of fjällandstortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies fjällandfjällandmountain countryfjälland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of finnsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of insjölandstortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies insjölandinsjölandlake countryinsjöland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with fjällandochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of skogslandstortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies skogslandskogslandforest landskogsland · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with insjölandochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of slättlandstortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies slättlandslättlandplain countryslättland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with insjölandochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skärgårdstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies skärgårdskärgårdarchipelagoskärgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with slättlandThat is more than we had expected.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of merärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to mermermoremycket · adverbhead of the phraseänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of väntatviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of väntathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of väntatväntatexpectedvänta · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on merossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of väntatThat is more than many a great kingdom can boast of possessing within its borders.'»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of merärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to mermermoremycket · adverbhead of the phraseänthanän · subordinating conjunctionmodifies berömmamångamanymången · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kungarikenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kungarikenkungarikenkingdomskungarik · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase änkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of berömmaberömmato boast ofberömma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on mersigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of berömmaavofav · prepositionintroduces the clause of ägaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ägainfinitive marker before a verb.
ägato possessäga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on berömmainomwithininom · prepositionpreposition marking gränsersinaitssig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of gränsergränserbordersgräns · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of äga- 21
The boy had come to think of the old Lapp's story, because he himself was now traveling over the same land that the man had spoken of.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänkakommitcomekomma · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of tänkain kommit att + infinitive, 'come to (do something)'.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tänkainfinitive marker before a verb.
tänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencepåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking berättelselappgubbensold Lapp'slappgubb · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of berättelseberättelsestoryberättelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tänkadärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of resteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därförhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of restenunownu · adverbmodifies restesjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies nurestetraveledresa · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tänkaframforwardfram · adverbdepends on resteöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking landsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of restesomthatsom · pronoundirect object of talatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
dennehedenna · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of talatArchaic masculine demonstrative "denne" used anaphorically for a previously named male person.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of talattalattalkedtala · verb, active, supinein apposition to resteomofom · prepositionpreposition marking talat The eagle had told him that the level coastal stretch spreading out beneath them was Västerbotten, and that the bluish ridges far to the west lay in Lappland.
Örnenthe eagleÖrnen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sagthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagtsagtsaidsag · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceLemma is a truncated form of säga; surface sagt is the supine, 'said'.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sagtattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vardenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kuststräckanjämnaleveljämn · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies kuststräckankuststräckanthe coastal stretchkuststräcka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase attsomthatsom · pronounsubject of breddeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
breddespreadbreda · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on kuststräckanutoutut · adverbdepends on breddesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of breddeunderbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of breddevarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sagtVästerbottenVästerbottenvästerbott · proper noun, nominativesubject of varSwedish province name.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lågodetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of åsarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
blånandebluishblåna · adjective, nominativemodifies åsarnaPresent participle of 'blåna' (to turn blue) used adjectivally.
åsarnathe ridgesåsarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of lågolångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies lågoiini · prepositionpreposition marking lågovästerwestväster · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lågolågolaylågo · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Västerbottenmistagged as a noun; this is the archaic plural past tense of ligga 'to lie' (they lay).
iini · prepositionpreposition marking LapplandLapplandLaplandLappland · proper noun, nominativemodifies lågo- 22
Just sitting safely again on Gorgo's back, after all the anguish he had endured during the forest fire, was a joy in itself, but it was also a very fine journey they made.
Barajustbara · adverbmodifies detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sittainfinitive marker before a verb.
återagainåter · adverbmodifies sittasittato sitsitta · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying detsäkersafelysäker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of sittapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking ryggGorgosGorgo'sGorgos · proper noun, genitivepossessor of ryggryggbackrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sittaefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking ångestenallallall · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ångestenångestenanguishångest · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sittasomthatsom · pronoundirect object of utståttThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of utståtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of utståttutståttenduredutstå · verb, active, supinerelative clause on ångestenunderduringunder · prepositionpreposition marking skogsbrandenskogsbrandenforest fireskogsbrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utståttvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to lyckaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lyckalyckajoylycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sittamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of resavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to resaocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies resaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of resabraverybra · adverbmodifies skönskönfineskön · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies resaresajourneyresa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sittasomthatsom · pronoundirect object of gjordeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on resa In the morning the wind had come from the north, but now it had shifted, so that they had a following wind, and no draft of air could be felt.
Påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking morgonenmorgonenmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitvindenwindvind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommitvind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form.
kommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencefrånfromfrån · prepositiondepends on kommitnorrnorthnorr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase frånmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies kastathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kastatdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of kastatkastatshiftedkasta · verb, active, supinecoordinated with kommitomshiftom · prepositiondepends on kastatsåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of hadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sådetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kastatmedvindfollowing windmedvind · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintetnointe · adverbcoordinated with hadearchaic neuter form intet functions both as the determiner 'no/none' and, before 'annat', as the pronoun 'nothing'; examples in this chunk show both uses, not just 'no'.
luftdragdraft of airluftdrag · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadekändesfeltkändes · verb, past, indicativemodifies kastatThe flight went so smoothly that it sometimes seemed as if they stood still in the air.
Färdenjourneyfärd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies lugntlugntcalmlylugnd · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of gickused adverbially, 'calm/quiet'.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förefölldetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with förefölliblandsometimesibland · adverbmodifies föreföllföreföllseemedförefölal · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gicklemma is a mis-OCR of föreföll ('seemed').
somas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stodeomifom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking stodedetheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of stodeSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
stodestoodstode · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralclause modifying föreföllStode is a historical plural subjunctive form of stå, ‘to stand’.
stillastillstilla · adverbmodifies stodeiini · prepositionpreposition marking luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stillaThe boy thought that the eagle beat
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slogörneneagleörn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slogslogbeatslå · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of tyckteLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
- 23
and beat its wings without moving from the spot.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslogbeatslå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vingarnavingarnathe wingsvingarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sloglemma should be vinge 'wing'.
utanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of kommaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on slogurout ofur · prepositiondepends on kommafläckenspotfläck · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of komma Instead, everything beneath them was in motion.
Iinsteadi · prepositionhead of the phraseställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase Ivarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activepart of the phrase Ialltingeverythingallting · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varunderbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of variini · prepositionpreposition marking rörelserörelsemovementrörelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of varThe whole ground and everything on it drew slowly southward.
Helawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of drogochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationallteverythingall · pronoun, neuter, singularcoordinated with markensomthatsom · pronounsubject of fannsThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
fannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativerelative clause on alltexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of fannsdrogdrewdrog · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of drogsaktaslowlysakta · adverbcomplement of drogsöderutsouthwardsöderut · adverbdepends on drogThe forests, the houses, the meadows, the fences, the rivers, the cities, the archipelago islands, the sawmills — everything was on the move.
Skogarnathe forestsSkogarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasehusenhouseshus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralin apposition to Skogarnaängarnameadowsäng · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Skogarnagärdsgårdarnathe fencesgärdsgårdarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Skogarnaälvarnariversälv · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralin apposition to Skogarnastädernathe citiesstädern · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with älvarnaskärgårdsöarnaarchipelago islandsskärgårdsö · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with älvarnasågverkensawmillssågverke · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with älvarnaallteverythingall · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of stattvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to stattstattwas on the movestatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to Skogarnapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking vandringvandringjourneyvandring · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stattHe wondered where all of that was headed.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undradeundradewonderedundra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevartwherevart · adverbmodifies begealltallall · determiner, neuter, singularpart of the phrase vartdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of begedärtheredär · adverbmodifies begeskullewas headedskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of begebegeset offbege · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on undradeUsed reflexively, bege sig, "to betake oneself, set off".
sigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of begeHad it grown tired of standing so far up in the north and wanted to move down toward the south?
HadehadHa · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with Hadetröttnatgrown wearytröttna · verb, active, supinecomplement of Hadepåofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of ståatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ståinfinitive marker before a verb.
ståstandstå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on Hadesåsoså · adverbmodifies långtlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies ståuppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies ståiini · prepositionpreposition marking norrnorrnorthnorr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uppeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flyttaflyttamoveflytta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with stånerdownner · adverbmodifies flyttamottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking södernsödernsouthsöder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ner- 24
Among all this that moved and wandered southward, he saw only one thing that stood still, and that was a railway train.
Blandamongbland · prepositionintroduces the clause of sågallteverythingall · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase Blanddettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase Blandsomthatsom · pronounsubject of rördeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
rördemovedröra · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on dettasigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of rördeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvandradewanderedvandra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with rördesöderutsouthwardsöderut · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on vandradeThis is the adverb söderut, mistagged as a noun.
sågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågbarajustbara · adverbmodifies sågenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singulardeterminer of saksakthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sågsomthatsom · pronounsubject of stodThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
stodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on sakstillastillstilla · adverbdepends on stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of järnvägstågvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to järnvägstågettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of järnvägstågjärnvägståga railway trainjärnvägståg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with såg It stood directly beneath them, and it was the same with the train as with Gorgo — it could not move from the spot.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencealldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies stodunderbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking tågettågettraintåg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of varSecond example ('en sjöman äntrar uppför ett tåg' = 'a sailor climbs up a rope') uses the nautical sense 'rope', not 'train'; the type was pinned to 'train' with contextDependent false, missing this attested sense.
somassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of Gorgomedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking GorgoGorgoGorgoGorgo · proper noun, nominativeclause modifying tågetProper name of an eagle character.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with kommaintenotinte · particlemodifies kommakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivedepends on Gorgourout ofur · prepositiondepends on kommafläckenspotfläck · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kommaThe locomotive sent out smoke and sparks, and the boy could hear all the way up how the wheels rattled against the rails, but the train did not move.
Lokomotivetthe locomotivelokomotiv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of sändesändesentsän · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLemma is a truncated form of sända; surface sände is the past tense, 'sent'.
utoutut · adverbdepends on sänderöksmokerök · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sändeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgnistorsparksgnistor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with rökdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of passive hördeshördescould be heardhöra · verb, past, indicative, passiveparallel clause to sändeändaall the wayända · adverbmodifies hördesuppupupp · adverbpart of the phrase ändatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hördeshurhowhur · adverbmodifies rassladehjulenwheelshjul · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of rassladerassladerattledrassla · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on pojkenmotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking skenornaskenornathe railsskenorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of rasslademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtågettraintåg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of rördeSecond example ('en sjöman äntrar uppför ett tåg' = 'a sailor climbs up a rope') uses the nautical sense 'rope', not 'train'; the type was pinned to 'train' with contextDependent false, missing this attested sense.
rördemovedröra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hördessigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of rördeintenotinte · particlemodifies rördeThe forests glided past it, the trackwalkers' cottages glided past it.
Skogarnathe forestsSkogarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasegledoglidedgledo · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies SkogarnaHistorical plural preterite of glida; modern Swedish uses gled.
förbipastförbi · adverbmodifies Skogarnadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of Skogarnabanvaktarstugornathe trackmen's cottagesbanvaktarstugorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Skogarnagledoglidedgledo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with Skogarnapast plural of glida ('to glide'); mistagged as noun.
förbipastförbi · adverbdepends on Skogarnadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of SkogarnaGates and telegraph poles glided past it, but the train stood still.
GrindargatesGrindar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtelegrafstolpartelegraph polestelegrafstolp · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Grindargledoglidedgledo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with Grindarpast plural of glida ('to glide'); mistagged as noun.
förbipastförbi · adverbcoordinated with Grindardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularcoordinated with Grindarmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtågettraintåg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of stodSecond example ('en sjöman äntrar uppför ett tåg' = 'a sailor climbs up a rope') uses the nautical sense 'rope', not 'train'; the type was pinned to 'train' with contextDependent false, missing this attested sense.
stodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with Grindarstillastillstilla · adverbdepends on stodA broad river with a long bridge came toward it, but the river and the bridge glided along beneath the train without the slightest difficulty.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of älvbredbroadbred · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies älvälvriverälv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking broenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of brolånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies brobrobridgebro · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies älvkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceemottowardemot · prepositiondepends on komdetiten · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of komthis type bundles three distinct functions of the neuter forms det/ett under one entry.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationälvenriverälv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationälvbronthe river bridgeälvbro · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with älvengledoglidedgledo · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of komGledo is the historical plural past form of glida.
framforwardfram · adverbmodifies komunderbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking tågettågettraintåg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of framSecond example ('en sjöman äntrar uppför ett tåg' = 'a sailor climbs up a rope') uses the nautical sense 'rope', not 'train'; the type was pinned to 'train' with contextDependent false, missing this attested sense.
utanwithoututan · prepositionlinks the coordinationminstaslightestliten · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies svårighetsvårighetdifficultysvårighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komAt last a railway station came traveling along.
Tillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies komsistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase Tillkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of järnvägsstationjärnvägsstationrailway stationjärnvägsstation · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies farandefarandetravelingfarande · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of komPresent participle 'flying/traveling', used adverbially with verbs of motion.
The stationmaster stood on the platform with his red flag in hand and was carried slowly forward to the train.
Stationsinspektorenthe stationmasterstationsinspektor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking perrongenperrongenthe platformperrong · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking flaggasinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of flaggarödaredröd · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies flaggaflaggaflagflagga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodiini · prepositionpreposition marking handenhandenhandhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfördeswas carriedför · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with stodLemma is truncated; the full verb is 'föra' (to carry/lead), passive past 'fördes'.
saktaslowlysakta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fördessakta doubles as the adverb 'slowly' (flög sakta) and the verb 'to slacken' (sakta farten).
framforwardfram · adverbmodifies saktatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking tågettågettraintåg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of framSecond example ('en sjöman äntrar uppför ett tåg' = 'a sailor climbs up a rope') uses the nautical sense 'rope', not 'train'; the type was pinned to 'train' with contextDependent false, missing this attested sense.
When he waved the little flag, the locomotive sent up even blacker whirls of smoke than before and whistled anxiously, as if to lament that it stood still.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of viftadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of viftadeviftadewavedvifta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sändemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking flaggandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of flagganlillalittleliten · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies flagganflagganflagflagga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of viftadesändesentsän · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLemma is a truncated form of sända; surface sände is the past tense, 'sent'.
lokomotivetthe locomotivelokomotiv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of sändeuppupupp · adverbdepends on sändeännuevenännu · adverbmodifies svartaresvartareblackersvart · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies rökvirvlarrökvirvlarwhirls of smokerökvirvl · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sändeänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förutförutbeforeförut · adverbclause modifying rökvirvlarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpepwhistledpep · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with rökvirvlarängsligtanxiouslyängslig · adverbmodifies sändeliksomas ifliksom · prepositionpart of the phrase sändeförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking jämraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of jämrainfinitive marker before a verb.
jämrato lamentjämra · pronoun, neuter, singularadverbial clause on sändesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sändeöveroveröver · prepositiondepends on sändeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stoddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of sändestillastillstilla · adverbmodifies stodBut at that very moment it began to move.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking detsammadetsammathe samedensamma · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of börjadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of rörainfinitive marker before a verb.
röramoveröra · verb, active, infinitivedepends on börjadesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of röraIn the same way as the railway station and everything else, it glided away toward the south.
Påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of .somassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of järnvägsstationenjärnvägsstationenrailway stationjärnvägsstation · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sättochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationalltallall · determiner, neuter, singularintroduces the clause of gleddetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of gledandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularpart of the phrase detgledslidgled · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sättpast singular of glida ('to glide/slide'); mistagged as noun.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of gledbortawaybort · adverbmodifies gledmottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking södernsödernsouthsöder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gledThe boy saw how the carriage doors were flung open and the travelers came out of the train, all the while both it and the travelers were moving southward.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
hurhowhur · adverbmodifies slogosvagnsdörrarnathe carriage doorsvagnsdörrarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive slogosslogoswere flung openslogos · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of såguppupupp · adverbdepends on slogosochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of resandeSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
resandetravelersresande · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of kommokommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with slogoskommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
utoutut · adverbdepends on kommourout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking tågettågettraintåg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of utSecond example ('en sjöman äntrar uppför ett tåg' = 'a sailor climbs up a rope') uses the nautical sense 'rope', not 'train'; the type was pinned to 'train' with contextDependent false, missing this attested sense.
alltallall · adverbintroduces the clause of flyttadeunderall the whileunder · prepositionpreposition marking dettadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase underattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase underbådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of flyttadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of resandeSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
resandetravelersresande · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with dettaflyttademovedflytta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kommosigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of flyttadesöderutsouthwardsöderut · adverbmodifies flyttadeBut then the boy lifted his eyes from the ground and tried to look straight ahead of him.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies lyftelyfteliftedlyfte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies blickarnablickarnahis eyesblickarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of lyfte'blickarna' = the gazes/glances, used for 'his eyes'.
frånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking jordenjordenearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lyfteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförsöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lyfteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on försökterättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of seframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of seHe felt that he grew dizzy in the head from looking at the strange railway train.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blevhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of tyckteyrdizzyyr · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bleviini · prepositionpreposition marking huvudethuvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of blevavfromav · prepositionintroduces the clause of tittaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tittainfinitive marker before a verb.
tittato looktitta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on blevpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking järnvägstågetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of järnvägstågetbesynnerligastrangebesynnerlig · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies järnvägstågetjärnvägstågetthe railway trainjärnvägståg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of titta- 25
But after the boy had sat for a while staring at a little white cloud, he grew tired of this and looked down again.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of suttitenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies pojkenhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of suttitsuttitsatsutta · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on tröttnadeArchaic spelling of suttit, the supine of sitta ("to sit").
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstirratstaredstirra · verb, active, supinecoordinated with suttitpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking molnettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of molnlitetlittleliten · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies vittvittwhitevit · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies molnmolncloudmoln · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stirrattröttnadegrew tiredtröttna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tröttnadepåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of tröttnadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tröttnadepast tense of se, 'to see.'
nerdownner · adverbdepends on sågigenagainigen · adverbmodifies såg He still felt that he and the eagle were holding still, and that everything else was rushing away southward.
AlltjämtstillAlltjämt · adverbmodifies tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of höllohanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hölloochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationörneneagleörn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hanhölloholdinghöllo · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tycktesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of höllostillastillstilla · adverbmodifies hölloochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of åstadalltallall · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies annatannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of åstadforwentfor · adverblinks the coordinationMistagged as adverb; this is the past tense of the verb 'fara', meaning 'went/traveled'.
åstadoff/awayåsta · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with tyckteDuplicate entry for the adverb 'åstad'; lemma mis-split as 'åsta'.
söderutsouthwardsöderut · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies åstadThis is the adverb söderut, mistagged as a noun.
Sitting there on the eagle's back with nothing else to amuse himself with but his own thoughts, he found it amusing to imagine that all of Västerbotten was in motion and marching toward the south.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies satthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on roapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking örnryggenörnryggenthe eagle's backörnrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of hadeannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of roaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of roainfinitive marker before a verb.
roato amuseroa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of roamedwithmed · prepositiondepends on roaänthanän · prepositionintroduces the clause of tankarsinahis ownsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of tankaregnaownegen · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tankartankarthoughtstank · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of roafannfoundfinna · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to roahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fanndetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannlustigtamusinglustig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies fannatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of föreställainfinitive marker before a verb.
föreställaimagineföreställa · verb, active, infinitivedepends on lustigtsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of föreställaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of rörelsehelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies VästerbottenVästerbottenVästerbottenvästerbotten · proper noun, nominativesubject of rörelsevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to rörelseiini · prepositionpreposition marking rörelserörelsemovementrörelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of föreställaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtågademarchedtåga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with föreställamottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking södernsödernsouthsöder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tågadeJust imagine, if that field which was just now gliding along beneath him — and which could scarcely be more than newly sown, for he saw not a single green blade on it — should travel all the way down to Söderslätt in Skåne, where the rye stood in ear at this time of year!
TänkthinkTänk · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of åkerndenaen · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of åkernåkernfieldåker · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of Tänksomwhichsom · pronounsubject of gledThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
justjustjust · adverbmodifies glednunownu · adverbmodifies gledgledslidgled · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on åkernpast singular of glida ('to glide/slide'); mistagged as noun.
framforwardfram · adverbmodifies gledunderbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of framochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of merThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
välprobablyväl · adverbmodifies merknappthardlyknappt · adverbmodifies merkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of mervarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to mermermoremycket · adverbmodifies nysåddänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of nysåddnysåddnewly sownnysådd · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with åkernförforför · prepositionpreposition marking hanhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with åkernpast tense of se, 'to see.'
intenotinte · particlemodifies sågettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of strågröntgreengrön · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies stråstråbladestrå · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sågOne example uses 'strå' collectively as 'straw', distinct from the countable 'not a single blade' sense in the other three.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of sågskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of åkaåkatravelåka · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to Tänkiawayi · prepositionmodifies åkavägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase inerdownner · adverbmodifies åkatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking SöderslättSöderslättSöderslättSöderslätt · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of nerPlain in southern Skåne.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking SkåneSkåneSkåneSkåne · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of åkadärtheredär · adverbmodifies stodrågenthe ryeråg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on åkamedwithmed · prepositiondepends on stodaxin earax · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase medvidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking tidendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidenhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase dentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stod- 26
The spruce forests had changed up here.
Granskogarnathe spruce forestsGranskogare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of förändrathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förändratförändratchangedförändra · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of förändrathäruppeup herehäruppe · adverboblique complement of förändrat The trees stood sparse, the branches were short, the needles almost black, many trees had bare tops and looked sickly.
Trädenthe treesTräden · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of glesastodostoodstodo · adverbmodifies glesaArchaic plural preterite of stå 'to stand', mistagged as adverb.
glesasparseglesa · adjective, nominative, superlativehead of the phrasegrenarnathe branchesgrenarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of glesavorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on glesaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
kortashortkort · adjective, nominative, pluralpart of the phrase vorobarrenneedlesbarr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with kortaPine/spruce needles, not sewing needles.
nästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies svartasvartablacksvart · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of glesamångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies trädträdtreesträd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with glesakalabarekal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies toppartoppartopstopp · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågosawsågoa · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with glesaLemma/tag are corrupted; sågo is the plural past tense of se ("saw"), not a noun or present tense.
sjukasicksjuk · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of sågoutlookut · adverbmodifies sågoThe ground beneath them was covered with old trunks that no one had bothered to make use of.
Markengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of betäcktunderbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies Markenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to betäcktbetäcktcoveredbetäcka · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasePast participle 'betäckt' (covered), mistagged as base adjective.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking stammargamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stammarstammartrunksstam · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of betäcktsomthatsom · pronounsubject of bryttThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of brytthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bryttbryttbotheredbryta · verb, active, supinerelative clause on stammarsigoneselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bryttomtoom · prepositionintroduces the clause of taatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tainfinitive marker before a verb.
tato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on bryttvarabevara · verb, active, infinitivedirect object of tapåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking varaJust imagine if such a forest should travel far enough to catch sight of Kolmården!
TänkthinkTänk · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skogsådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies skogsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
skogforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kommekommewould comekomme · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of TänkOld subjunctive form of komma ("to come"), not a noun.
såenoughså · adverbmodifies långtlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies kommeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fingedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of fingefingemight get tofinge · verb, past, subjunctive, activeclausal complement of TänkArchaic past subjunctive of få ("to get/be allowed").
seseese · verb, active, infinitivedepends on TänkKolmårdenKolmårdenKolmårde · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of seProper place name of the forest; lemma preserves the indefinite base form.
Then it would surely feel quite pitiful.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies kännaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kännadeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of kännaalltsurelyallt · adverbmodifies kännakännato feelkänna · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kännaynkligpitifulynklig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of känna- 27
And that garden he saw beneath him just now!
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of trädgårdendärtheredär · adverbmodifies trädgårdenträdgårdengardenträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of sågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on trädgårdenpast tense of se, 'to see.'
underbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of sågjustjustjust · adverbmodifies nununownu · adverbmodifies såg There were beautiful trees in it, but neither fruit trees nor noble lindens and chestnuts, only rowans and birches.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
vackrabeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies trädträdtreesträd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of fannsiini · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of fannsmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarkenneithervarken · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfruktträdfruit treesfruktträd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of lindarelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationädlanobleädla · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with fruktträdMistagged as a verb; ädla is the plural form of the adjective ädel ("noble").
lindarlindenslinda · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with fannsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkastanjerchestnut treeskastanje · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with lindarutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
barajustbara · adverbmodifies rönnarrönnarrowansrönna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with fannsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbjörkarbirchesbjörka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with rönnarThere were beautiful bushes in it, but no laburnum or elder, only bird cherries and lilacs.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
vackrabeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies buskarbuskarbushesbusk · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fannsiini · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularmodifies buskarmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies guldregnguldregnlaburnumguldregn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with buskarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfläderelderfläder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with guldregnutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
barajustbara · adverbmodifies häggarhäggarbird cherrieshägg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with fannsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsyrenerlilacssyren · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with häggarThere were also herb beds in it, but they had not yet been tended and planted.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
ocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies fannskryddsängarkitchen-garden bedskryddsäng · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fannsiini · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularmodifies kryddsängarmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ansadevorowerevoro · pronoun, pluralpart of the phrase demistagged as a pronoun; this is the archaic plural past tense of vara 'to be'.
ännuyetännu · adverbmodifies ansadeintenotinte · particlemodifies ansadeansadetendedansa · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with fannsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationplanteradeplantedplanterad · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with ansadeJust imagine if such a little plot should come traveling all the way down to a manor garden in Sörmland!
TänkthinkTänk · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of täppasådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies täppasån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
täppaplottäppa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of Tänkfarandetravelingfarande · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kommaPresent participle 'flying/traveling', used adverbially with verbs of motion.
ändaall the wayända · adverbmodifies nernerdownner · adverbmodifies herrgårdsträdgårdtilltotill · prepositionpart of the phrase nerenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of herrgårdsträdgårdherrgårdsträdgårdmanor gardenherrgårdsträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommaiini · prepositionpreposition marking SörmlandSörmlandSörmlandSörmland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of herrgårdsträdgårdA Swedish province.
Then it would surely think itself quite the wilderness.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies tyckaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tyckadenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of tyckavälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies tyckatyckato thinktycka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceomofom · prepositiondepends on tyckasigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tyckasjälvitselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sigattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vildmarkdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of vildmarkvorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to vildmarkenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vildmarkriktigrealriktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vildmarkvildmarkwildernessvildmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of tycka- 28
Or that meadow, so crowded with so many little gray barns that one might think half the ground must have been given over to building plots!
Elleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singularhead of the phrasedärtheredär · adverbmodifies ängenängenmeadowäng · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on densomthatsom · pronounsubject of fullsattThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to fullsattfullsattcrowdedfullsatt · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on ängenmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ladorsåsoså · adverbmodifies mångamångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ladorsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ladorgråagraygrå · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ladorladorbarnslada · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of fullsattattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tyckamanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tyckatyckato thinktycka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fullsattattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåtthälftenhalfhälft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåttavofav · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hälftenmåttemustmåtte · adverblinks the coordinationModal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means "must"; the perfect sense ("must have") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain "must."
hahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of gåttgåttgiven overgå · verb, active, supineclausal complement of tyckaåtgiven overåt · adverbdepends on gåttMostly the adverb åt with the senses listed, but example ch02-p31-s1 ('Hela tiden, som pojken åt...') is not this adverb at all — it is åt as the past tense of äta ('ate'). The gloss's senses list must cover this example or a downstream consumer will render 'ate' as a directional adverb.
tillfortill · prepositionpreposition marking tomtplatsertomtplatserbuilding plotstomtplats · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gått If it went steering off down toward the Östergötland plain, the farmers there would certainly open their eyes wide.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of styrdedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of styrdestyrdesteeringstyr · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on åstadåstadoff/awayåstad · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceActually the adverb/particle 'åstad' used with verbs of motion ('ge sig åstad' = to set off), mistagged as a verb.
nerdownner · adverbdepends on åstadmottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking ÖstgötaslättenÖstgötaslättenÖstergötland plainÖstgötaslätten · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of åstaddåthendå · adverbmodifies göraskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of göraalltallall · adverbmodifies göraböndernathe farmersbönderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralpart of the phrase alltdärtheredär · adverbmodifies göragöraopengöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on åstadstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ögonögoneyesögon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of göra- 29
But if the vast pine heath now lying beneath him, where the pines did not stand stiff and straight as in ordinary forests, but had bushy branches and rich crowns and had arranged themselves in pleasant groups upon the loveliest carpet of white reindeer moss — if that pine heath should march down to the park at Övedskloster, then that splendid park would be forced to admit that it had found its equal.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking tallmondenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tallmonvidsträcktavastvidsträckt · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies tallmontallmonthe pine heathtallmon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
nunownu · adverbmodifies låglåglayligga · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on tallmonmistagged as adjective; the surface 'låg' here is the past tense of ligga 'to lie', not the unrelated adjective låg 'low'.
underbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågdärtheredär · adverbmodifies stelatallarnathe pinestallarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of stelaintenotinte · particlemodifies stelastodostoodstodao · adverbmodifies stelaStodo is the historical plural past form of stå, ‘to stand’.
stelastiffsteel · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on honomLemma is truncated; the word is 'stel' (stiff).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrakastraightrak · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with stelasomassom · pronounintroduces the clause of skogarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking skogarvanligaordinaryvanlig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies skogarskogarforestsskog · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of stelautanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stelayvigabushyyvig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies grenargrenarbranchesgren · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrikarichrik · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kronorkronorcrownskrona · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with grenarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ordnatordnatarrangedordna · verb, active, supinecoordinated with hadesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ordnatiini · prepositionpreposition marking grupperbehagligapleasantbehaglig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gruppergruppergroupsgrupp · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of ordnatpåuponpå · prepositionpreposition marking mattadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of mattaskönastemost beautifulskön · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies mattamattarugmatta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies grupperavofav · prepositionpreposition marking renmossavitwhitevit · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies renmossarenmossareindeer lichenrenmossa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies mattaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of nerdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tallmontallmonthe pine heathtallmon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of nerskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of nertågamarchtåga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies nernerdownner · adverbadverbial clause on stelatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking parkÖvedsklostersÖvedskloster'sÖvedskloster · proper noun, genitivepossessor of parkparkparkpark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nerdåthendå · adverbmodifies nödgasskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of nödgasdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of parkenpräktigasplendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies parkenparkenparkpark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive nödgasnödgasto be forcednödga · verb, passive, infinitiveadverbial clause on stelamedgeadmitmedge · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of nödgasattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of funnitdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of funnithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of funnitfunnitfoundfinna · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on nödgassinequalsig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of vederlikevederlikeequalvederlike · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of funnit - 30
Just imagine, if the wooden church down below him, with walls covered in red wooden shingles, with a gaily painted bell tower, and with a whole little town of gray church-stables beside it, should come dragging past one of the solidly built-up churches of Gotland!
TänkthinkTänk · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of täcktaträkyrkanthe wooden churchträkyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of täcktaneredownnere · adverbmodifies träkyrkanunderbelowunder · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of neremedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking väggarväggarwallsvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of täcktatäcktacoveredtäckt · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on Tänkavinav · prepositionpreposition marking träfjällrödaredröd · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies träfjällträfjällwooden shinglesträfjäll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularagent of täcktamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking klockstapelbrokigtgailybrokig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies måladmåladpaintedmåla · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies klockstapelklockstapelbell towerklockstapel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Tänkochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking stadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stadhelwholehel · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stadlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stadstadtownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with klockstapelavofav · prepositionpreposition marking kyrkbodargråagraygrå · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kyrkbodarkyrkbodarchurch stableskyrkbod · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies stadbredvidnearbybredvid · adverbpreposition marking sigsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativemodifies kyrkbodarkommewould comekomme · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with TänkOld subjunctive form of komma ("to come"), not a noun.
dragandedragging alongdragande · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of Tänkförbipastförbi · adverbdepends on Tänkeniten · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of Tänkavofav · prepositionpreposition marking Gottlandskyrkornadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of GottlandskyrkornaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
fastsolidlyfast · adverbmodifies uppmuradeuppmuradesolidly builtuppmura · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies GottlandskyrkornaGottlandskyrkornaGotland churchesGottlandskyrkorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies en Then they would surely have a great deal to say to one another.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies haskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of haalltsurelyallt · adverbmodifies hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemycketmuchmycket · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of haatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sägainfinitive marker before a verb.
sägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on havarandraeach othervarandra · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of säga- 31
What was the whole province's pride and glory was its mighty, dark rivers with their splendid valleys full of farms, their masses of timber, their sawmills, their cities, and their mouths crowded with steamboats.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on stolthetsomwhatsom · pronounsubject of stolthetThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to stolthethelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies stolthetlandskapetsprovince'slandskap · noun, genitive, neuter, singularpossessor of stolthetstolthetpridestolthet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationärahonorära · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with stolthetdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to stolthetdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of älvarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
mäktigamightymäktig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies älvarnamörkadarkmörk · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with mäktigaälvarnariversälv · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of varmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking dalgångarsinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of dalgångarpräktigasplendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dalgångardalgångarvalleysdalgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of varfullafullfull · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with varavofav · prepositionpreposition marking gårdargårdarfarmsgård · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralagent of varsinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of massormassormasses/lotsmassa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with varavofav · prepositionpreposition marking timmertimmertimbertimmer · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies massorsinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of sågverksågverksawmillssågverk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with timmersinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of städerstädertownsstad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with timmerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationångbåtsfylldacrowded with steamboatsångbåtsfylld · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies mynningarmynningarmouthsmynning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with timmer If such a river were to come and show itself farther down the country, all the streams and rivers south of the Dal River would creep down into the ground from shame.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of älvsådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies älvsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
älvriverälv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kommekommewould comekomme · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on krypaOld subjunctive form of komma ("to come"), not a noun.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvisadeshowedvisa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kommesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of visadeneråtdownwardneråt · adverbmodifies visadelandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of visadeskullewere toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of krypaallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of åaråarstreamsåar · nounsubject of krypaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationälvarriversälvar · adverbmodifies södersödersouthsöder · adverbcoordinated with åaromifom · prepositionpreposition marking DalälvenDalälvenDal Riverdalälv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of söderkrypato creepkrypa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencenerdownner · adverbdepends on krypaiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking jordenjordenearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of krypaavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking blygselblygselshameblygsel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies jorden- 32
And just imagine, if such an immensely large plain, so easy to cultivate and so well situated, should come gliding before the eyes of the poor Småland farmers!
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtänkthink!tänka · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slättenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of härsådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies härsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
härherehär · adverbmodifies slättofantligtimmenselyofantlig · adverbmodifies storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies slättslättplainslätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of tänksåsoså · adverbmodifies lättodladlättodladeasy to cultivatelättodlad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with slättochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåsoså · adverbmodifies välbelägenvälbelägenwell situatedvälbeläg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with slättkommewould comekomme · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with slättOld subjunctive form of komma ("to come"), not a noun.
glidandeglidingglida · adjective, nominativerelative clause on kommeMistagged as adjective; it is the present participle 'glidande' of 'glida' (to glide).
framförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking ögonenögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of glidandepåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking Smålandsböndernadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of SmålandsböndernaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
fattigapoorfattig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies SmålandsböndernaSmålandsböndernathe Småland farmersSmålandsbönderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of slätt Then they would surely hurry away from their meager plots and stone-filled fields and begin clearing and cultivating.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies skyndaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skyndadetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of skyndasurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
alltallall · adverbmodifies skyndaskyndahurryskynda · adjective, nominativehead of the phrasebortawaybort · adverbmodifies skyndafrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking täpporsinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of täppormagrameagermagr · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies täpportäpporplotstäppa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of bortochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstenfylldastone-filledstenfylled · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies åkerbitaråkerbitarsmall fieldsåkerbit · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with täpporochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbörjato beginbörja · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with skyndaröjaclear (land)röja · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationodlato cultivateodla · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with röja- 33
There was one thing this province had more of than all the others, and that was light.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of saksakthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to sakdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with saksomthatsom · subordinating conjunctiondirect object of hadedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of landskapethärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase detlandskapetprovincelandskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on detmermoremycket · adverbmodifies allaavofav · prepositionpart of the phrase meränthanän · prepositionintroduces the clause of allaallaallall · determiner, pluraldepends on hadedetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andraSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraothersannan · pronoun, pluralmodifies allaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ljusvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ljusljuslightljus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with hade The cranes stood sleeping on the bogs.
Tranornathe cranesTranorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of stodostodostoodstodo · adverbhead of the phraseArchaic plural preterite of stå 'to stand', mistagged as adverb.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsovosleptsovo · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with stodoArchaic plural past tense of sova (they slept), not a noun.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking mossarnamossarnathe bogsmossarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of stodoNight must have come, but the light lingered on.
NattennightNatten · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommenmåttemustmåtte · adverbmodifies NattenModal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means "must"; the perfect sense ("must have") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain "must."
varabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to kommenkommenarrivedkomm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasePast participle 'kommen' of 'komma' (to come/arrive), truncated to 'komm' and mistagged as a noun.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationljusetlightljus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of dröjdedröjdewas long in comingdröj · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kommenIdiomatic: "det dröjde inte länge" = "it was not long before."
kvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on dröjdeThe sun had not traveled south like everything else.
Solensunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vandrathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vandratintenotinte · particlemodifies vandratvandratwanderedvandra · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencemotsouthmot · prepositionpreposition marking södersödersouthsöder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vandratsomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of annatalltallall · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies annatannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on vandratInstead it had gone so far north that it now shone right in his face.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of gåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttiinsteadi · prepositionmodifies gåttställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase igåttgonegå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies långtlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies gåttmotnorthmot · prepositionmodifies gåttnorrnorthnorr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase motattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of rättdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skennunownu · adverbmodifies skenskenshonesk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralpart of the phrase attThe parser conflates the noun 'sken' ('light' or runaway motion) with the past tense 'sken' ('shone').
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularsubject of rätträttrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on gåttiini · prepositionpreposition marking ansiktetansiktetthe faceansikt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies rättAnd it did not seem to intend to sink to the horizon that night.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of tycktestycktesseemedtycktes · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies tycktesämnaintend toämna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of sjunkasjunkato sinksjunka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tycktesnerdownner · adverbdepends on sjunkatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking himlarandenhimlarandenthe horizonhimlarand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nerdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of nattennattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying himlarandenJust imagine if that light and that sun shone over Västra Vemmenhög!
TänkthinkTänk · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceomifom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking ljusetdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of ljusetljusetlightljus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of Tänkochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of solensolensunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lystelysteshonelysa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with Tänköveroveröver · prepositiondepends on lysteVästrawesternVästra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies Vemmenhögused only as part of the place name Västra Vemmenhög.
VemmenhögVemmenhögVemmenhög · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of lysteIt would surely please cottager Holger Nilsson and his wife to have a working day that was twenty-four hours long.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with smakaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of smakaalltsurelyallt · adverbmodifies smakasmakapleasesmaka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencech31-p27-s3 'det fick smaka i hungersnödens dagar' = 'it had to do in those days of famine' — idiomatic 'make do/suffice', not literally 'taste'.
husmancottagerhusman · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies HolgerHolgerHolgerHolger · proper noun, nominativesubject of fåGiven name, father Holger Nilsson.
NilssonNilssonNilsson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Holgersurname, as in Holger Nilsson, Nils's father.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanshishan · pronounpossessor of hustruhustruwifehustru · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Holgeratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fåhavefå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of smakaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of arbetsdagarbetsdaga working dayarbetsdag · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåsomthatsom · pronounsubject of långThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
vorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to långtjugofyratwenty-fourtjugofyra · numeral, nominativequantifies timmartimmarhourstimme · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of långlånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on arbetsdag- 34
The boy lifted his head and looked around, quite bewildered with sleep.
Pojkenboypojk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lyftelyfteliftedlyfa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceuppupupp · adverbdepends on lyftehuvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of lyfteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lyftepast tense of se, 'to see.'
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sågomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies sågalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies yrvakenyrvakensleep-bewilderedyrvak · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of såg This was indeed very strange.
Dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of besynnerligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to besynnerligtdåindeeddå · adverbmodifies besynnerligtbraverybra · adverbmodifies besynnerligtbesynnerligtstrangebesynnerlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseHere he lay sleeping in a place where he had never been before.
Härherehär · adverbmodifies låglåglayligga · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasemistagged as adjective; the surface 'låg' here is the past tense of ligga 'to lie', not the unrelated adjective låg 'low'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsovsleptsov · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking ställeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ställeställeplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sovdärtheredär · adverbmodifies varithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varitaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies förrförrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies varithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supinerelative clause on ställeNo, he had never before seen the valley where he lay, nor the mountains standing around it.
Nejnonej · interjectionhead of the phrasehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies förrförrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies settsettseense · verb, active, supineparallel clause to Nejdalenvalleydal · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of settdärtheredär · adverbmodifies låghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on settochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies bergenhellereitherheller · adverbmodifies bergenbergenmountainberg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Nejsomthatsom · pronounsubject of stodoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
stodostoodstodo · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on bergenomkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodoHe did not recognize the round lake lying in the middle of the valley, and never in his life had he seen such wretched, stunted birches as the ones he now lay beneath.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändekändefeltkäna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies kändeigenagainigen · adverbdepends on kändedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sjönrundaroundrund · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kändesomthatsom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
låglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on sjönmittin the middlemitt · adverbdepends on lågiini · prepositionpreposition marking dalendalenvalleydal · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies settnågonsinevernågonsin · adverbmodifies setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of setthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settsettseense · verb, active, supinecoordinated with kändesådanasuchsån · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies björkareländigawretchedeländig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies björkarförkrymptastuntedförkrympta · verb, passive, supinecoordinated with eländigabjörkarbirchesbjörka · verb, present, indicative, activedirect object of settActually the noun plural 'birches', mislabeled as a verb.
somassom · pronounoblique complement of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of låghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lågnunownu · adverbmodifies låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on björkarunderbeneathunder · adverbmodifies låg- 35
And where was the eagle?
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activesubject of örnenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to örnenörneneagleörn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrase He could not see him anywhere.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies sågtillseetill · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sågpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking hållnågotanynågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of hållhålldirectionhåll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sågGorgo must have abandoned him.
GorgoGorgoGorgo · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies måtteProper name (a wild goose/duck character) mistagged as an adjective.
måttemustmåtte · particlemodifies övergettModal particle expressing a confident inference (must have) or, rarely, a wish (may).
hahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of övergettövergettabandonedöverge · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of övergettThis was quite an adventure, indeed.
Detthisden · determiner, neuter, singularsubject of varhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase Detvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedåindeeddå · adverbmodifies varocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies varettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of äventyräventyradventureäventyr · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on var- 36
The boy lay down on the ground again, closed his eyes, and tried to recall how it had been when he fell asleep.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ladeladelay downla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentence"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ladenerdownner · adverbmodifies ladepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nerigenagainigen · adverbmodifies ladeslötclosedslöt · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ladeögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of slötochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförsöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with slötpåminnato remindpåminna · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försöktesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of påminnahurhowhur · adverbmodifies varitdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinedepends on slötnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of somnadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of somnadesomnadefell asleepsomna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on varit - 37
He remembered that as long as he had traveled over Västerbotten, he had felt that he and the eagle were holding still in the air in the same spot, and that the land beneath him was marching south.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceihågto mind (remember)ihåg · adverbdepends on komonly occurs in the fixed phrase komma ihåg 'to remember'.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of faritinfinitive marker before a verb.
såasså · adverbmodifies längelängeas long aslänge · adverbmodifies attsomassom · pronoundirect object of faritThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of farithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of faritfarittraveledfara · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on komframforwardfram · adverbdepends on faritöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking VästerbottenVästerbottenVästerbottenvästerbott · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of faritSwedish province name.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tyckthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckttycktthoughttycka · verb, active, supinecoordinated with komattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of höllohanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hölloochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationörneneagleörn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hanhölloholdinghöllo · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of tycktsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of höllostillastillstilla · adverbmodifies hölloiini · prepositionpreposition marking luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stillapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking ställesammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of ställeställeplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hölloochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tågadelandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of tågadeunderbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tågadetågademarchedtåga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with höllomotsouthmot · prepositionmodifies tågadesödersouthsöder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase mot But then the eagle had turned toward the northwest, the wind had come from the side, he had once again felt the draft of air, and at that very moment the land below had stopped, and he had noticed that the eagle was carrying him forward at tremendous speed.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies vänthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of väntörneneagleörn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of väntväntturnedvända · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencemottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking nordvästnordvästnorthwestnordväst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of väntvindenwindvind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommitvind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineparallel clause to väntfrånfromfrån · prepositiondepends on kommitsidansidesida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase frånhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of käntåterigenonce againåterig · adverbmodifies hadekäntfeltkänt · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on väntluftdragetdraft of airluftdrag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of käntochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking detsammadetsammathe samedensamma · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with käntlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of hadedärneredown theredärnere · adverbcoordinated with käntstannatstayedstanna · verb, active, supinecomplement of käntochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märkthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of märktmärktnoticedmärka · verb, active, supinecoordinated with käntattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of barörneneagleörn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of barbarcarriedba · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on märktTagged present tense, but every occurrence is the old preterite of bära ("carried"), not the present.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of barframåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies barmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking fartväldigenormousväldig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fartfartspeedfart · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bar- 38
»Now we're flying into Lappland,» Gorgo had said, and the boy had leaned forward to get a look at the province he had heard so much talk about.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies farfargoesfar · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentence'far' = travels/goes (present tense of 'fara').
viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of farininin · adverbdepends on fariintoi · prepositionpreposition marking LapplandLapplandLaplandLappland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of farhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceGorgoGorgoGorgo · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldepends on hadeProper name of an eagle character; mistagged as a common noun plural.
sagtsaidsäga · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies GorgoReally the supine 'sagt' of the verb säga ('to say'), mistagged here as an adjective.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lutathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lutatlutatleaned forwardlutaa · verb, active, supinecoordinated with Gorgosighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of lutatframöverforwardframöver · adverbmodifies lutatförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of seatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
fåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on lutatdettheen · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sethis type bundles three distinct functions of the neuter forms det/ett under one entry.
landskapetprovincelandskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sesomthatsom · pronoundirect object of hörtThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörthörtheardhöra · verb, active, supinerelative clause on landskapetsåsoså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies talastalastalked oftala · verb, present, indicative, passivecoordinated with hörtomofom · prepositionpreposition marking talas - 39
But he had felt rather disappointed, since he had seen nothing but great forest lands and wide bogs.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of käntalltratherallt · adverbmodifies käntkäntfeltkänd · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseTwo of the four examples use känt as the supine of känna ("felt"), a homograph of the adjective känd ("known") tagged under the same type.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of känträttratherrätt · adverbmodifies besvikenbesvikendisappointedbesviken · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of käntnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of setthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settintenotinte · particlemodifies setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on käntnågotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of skogsmarkerannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase någotänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase någotstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies skogsmarkerskogsmarkerforest landsskogsmark · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of settochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvidawidevid · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies mossarmossarbogsmoss · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with skogsmarker Forest followed bog, and bog followed forest.
SkogforestSkog · proper noun, nominativesubject of följdeCommon noun 'skog' (forest) mistagged as a proper noun.
följdefollowedfölja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåafterpå · prepositionpreposition marking mossemossebogmosse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of följdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmossebogmosse · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of följdeföljdefollowedfölja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with följdepåafterpå · prepositionpreposition marking skogskogforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of följdeThe great monotony had at last made him so drowsy that he had nearly tumbled off onto the ground.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of enformighetenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies enformighetenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
enformighetenmonotonyenformighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjorthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjorttillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies gjortsistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase tillgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of gjortsåsoså · adverbmodifies sömnigsömnigsleepysömnig · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of gjortAdjective 'sleepy/drowsy', despite the noun tag.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hållithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hållithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållithållitnearlyhålla · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sömnigSurface "hållit" spans several idioms in this book: literal "held" (hållit trogen vakt = kept faithful watch), "hållit ut" (held out/endured), "hållit på" (had been -ing, continuous aspect), and "hållit sig" (stayed/remained). A single fixed gloss of "held" misrenders the hållit på / hållit sig examples.
pånearlypå · prepositionintroduces the clause of ramlaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ramlainfinitive marker before a verb.
ramlato tumbleramla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hållitiontoi · prepositionpreposition marking backenbackengroundbacke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ramla- 40
He had told the eagle that he could no longer manage to sit on his back, but had to sleep for a while.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sagthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagtsagtsaidsägga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceLemma normalized from archaic spelling; modern infinitive is säga.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking örnenörneneagleörn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sagtattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of orkadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of orkadeintenotinte · particlemodifies orkadeorkadehad the strength toorka · verb, past, indicative, activeclause modifying örnensittato sitsitta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of orkadekvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on sittapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking rygghanshishan · pronounpossessor of ryggryggbackrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sittalängreany longerlång · adverbmodifies sittaComparative adverb forms of 'lång' (long); English rendering shifts between spatial 'far/further' and temporal 'longer' depending on context.
utanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tvungentvungenobligedtvung · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularauxiliary of sovaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sovainfinitive marker before a verb.
sovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sagtenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sova Gorgo had at once lowered himself to the ground, and the boy had flung himself down on the moss, but then Gorgo had closed his talons around him and swung up into the sky with him.
GorgoGorgoGorgo · proper noun, nominativesubject of sänktProper name of an eagle character.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sänktgenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies sänktsänktloweredsänka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceOften of a bird swooping down.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sänkttilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sänktochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kastathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kastatkastatflung himselfkasta · verb, active, supinecoordinated with sänktsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kastatnerdownner · adverbmodifies kastatpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking mossanmossanmossmossa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kastatmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies slagithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slagitGorgoGorgoGorgo · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraladverbial clause on slagitProper name of an eagle character; mistagged as a common noun plural.
slagitclosedslå · verb, active, supinecoordinated with sänktklornathe clawsklorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of slagitomaroundom · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slagitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsvingatswungsvinga · verb, active, supinecoordinated with slagituppupupp · adverbdepends on svingatiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking rymdenrymdenskyrymd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of svingatmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies rymden»Go ahead and sleep, Thumbietot!» he had cried.
Sovsleepsova · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of SovTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativedepends on Sovthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ropathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropatropatcalledropa · verb, active, supineparallel clause to Sov»The sunshine keeps me awake, and I want to go on with the journey.»
Solskenetthe sunshineSolskenet · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of hållerhållerkeepshålla · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of hållervakenawakevak · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hållerAll four examples in this chunk use "vaken" as the adjective (awake), not the noun "vak" (ice-hole); the primary gloss should be "awake" here, though the ice-hole noun sense also occurs elsewhere in the book under this same conflated surface.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fortsättavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fortsättafortsättato continuefortsätta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with hållerresanjourneyresa · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fortsätta- 41
And although the boy had been hanging so uncomfortably, he had truly dozed off, and while he had slept, he had dreamed.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfastänalthoughfastän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hängtpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hängthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hängthängthunghäng · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hadeLemma is a truncated form of 'hänga' (to hang); surface 'hängt' is its supine.
såsoså · adverbmodifies obekvämtobekvämtuncomfortablyobekvämt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hängthadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on drömthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadeverkligenreallyverkligen · adverbmodifies slumratslumratdozed offslumra · verb, active, supinecomplement of hadeininin · adverbdepends on slumratochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sovitsovitsleptsovit · verb, active, supinecoordinated with hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of drömthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of drömtdrömtdreameddröma · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentence - 42
He dreamed that he was walking on a broad road down in southern Sweden and hurrying forward as fast as his little legs could carry him.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gickhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of tycktepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking vägenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vägbredbroadbred · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vägvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickneredownnere · adverbmodifies vägiini · prepositionpreposition marking Sverigesödrasouthernsödra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies SverigeSverigeSwedenSverige · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of nereochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickframåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies skyndadesåasså · adverbmodifies skyndadefortfastfort · adverbpart of the phrase såsomassom · pronounsubject of bäraThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanshishan · pronounpossessor of bensmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies benbenlegsben · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of bärakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bärabärato carrybära · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skyndadehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of bära He was not alone, for a great many travelers were marching along in the same direction.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ensamvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ensamintenotinte · particlemodifies ensamensamaloneensam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionintroduces the clause of tågadefollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of mängdmängda great manymängd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vandrarevandrarewanderersvandrare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of tågadetågademarchedtåga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ensamframforwardfram · adverbmodifies tågadeåtinåt · prepositionpreposition marking hållsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of hållhålldirectionhåll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of tågadeClose beside him marched rye-stalks with heavy ears atop them, flowering cornflowers and yellow corn marigolds; apple trees puffed along, weighed down with fruit, and after them followed bean vines heavy with pods, great clusters of oxeye daisies, and whole thickets of berry bushes.
Tättclosetätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseActually the adverb 'tätt' (close/closely), mistagged as a noun; used in 'tätt bredvid' = close beside.
bredvidbesidebredvid · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardepends on Tättmarscherademarchedmarschera · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencerågstrånrye-stalksrågstrå · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of marscherademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking axtungaheavytung · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies axaxears of grainax · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of marscheradeiatopi · prepositionpreposition marking topparnatopparnathe tipstoppa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of marscheradeblommandebloomingblommande · adjective, nominativemodifies blåklintblåklintcornflowersblåklint · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with marscheradeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgulayellowgul · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gullkragargullkragarcorn marigoldsgullkrag · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with marscheradeäppleträdapple treesäppleträd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldepends on gullkragarpustadepuffedpusta · verb, past, indicative, activecomplement of marscheradeframforwardfram · adverbdepends on pustadenertyngdaweighed downnertynga · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with marscheradeavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking frukterfrukterfruitfrukt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of nertyngdaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of följdeföljdefollowedfölja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with marscheradefullsattaladenfullsatt · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bönrankorbönrankorbean vinesbönranka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of följdestorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ståndståndclustersstånd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with bönrankormedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking prästkragarprästkragaroxeye daisiesprästkrag · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies ståndochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies snårsnårthicketsnår · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with prästkragaravofav · prepositionpreposition marking bärbuskarbärbuskarberry bushesbärbusk · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies snårGreat deciduous trees, beech and oak and linden alike, walked at an easy pace in the middle of the road, rustled their crowns proudly, and gave way to no one.
Storabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies lövträdlövträddeciduous treeslövträd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of susadebådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbokbookbok · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with lövträdochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationekoakek · numeral, nominativecoordinated with bokochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlindlindenlind · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with bokgingowentgingo · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with bokPast plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective.
iat an easy pacei · prepositionpreposition marking maksaktaslowlysakta · adjective, nominative, pluralpart of the phrase iFunctions adverbially ('slowly') though tagged as an adjective form.
makeasy pacemak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bokIn i mak, mak means an unhurried pace.
mittpåin the middle ofmittpå · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies vägenFunctions as the preposition 'mittpå' (in the middle of), mistagged as an adjective.
vägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with boksusaderustledsusa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencestoltproudstolt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of susadeFunctions as adjective 'proud' in all examples, despite the noun tag.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking kronornakronornathe crownskronorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of susadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvekogave wayveko · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with susadeThis is the past tense of the verb 'vika' (to turn/fold/yield), mistagged as a noun.
intenotinte · particlemodifies vekoförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking någonnågonno onenågon · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of vekoBetween his feet darted the small herbs: wild strawberry plants, wood anemones, dandelions, clover, and forget-me-nots.
Mellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking fötternafötternathe feetfötterna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kiladepåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies fötternakiladedartedkila · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesmåörternathe small herbssmåörterna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kiladesmultronståndwild strawberry plantssmultronstånd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralin apposition to kiladevitsipporwood anemonesvitsippa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with smultronståndmaskrosordandelionsmaskrosa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with smultronståndklövercloverklöver · conjunctionmodifies smultronståndochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförgätmigejforget-me-notsförgätmigej · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with klöverAt first he thought it was nothing but plants marching forward along the road in this way, but soon he noticed that both animals and people were traveling along with them.
Förstfirstförst · adverbmodifies tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of växterdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with växterintenotinte · particlemodifies växtervarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to växterannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase varänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking växterväxterplantsväxt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralclausal complement of tycktesomthatsom · pronounsubject of tågadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättdettathisdenna · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of tågadetågademarchedtåga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on växterframåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies tågadevägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tågademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies märktemärktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tycktehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of märkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of följdebådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdjuranimaldjur · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of följdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with djurföljdefollowedfölja · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of märktemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of följdeInsects buzzed around the hurrying plants, fish glided in the roadside ditches, birds sat and sang in the wandering trees, tame and wild animals raced along neck and neck, and in the midst of all these walked people, some with spades and scythes, others with axes, others with hunting guns, and others still with fishing nets.
Insekternathe insectsinsekterna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of surradesurradebuzzedsurra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekringaroundkring · prepositionpreposition marking växternadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of växternaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
framskyndandehurrying forwardframskynda · adjective, nominativemodifies växternaväxternaplantsväxt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of surradeiini · prepositionpreposition marking gledolandsvägsdikenathe roadside ditcheslandsvägsdike · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies gledogledoglidedgledo · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fiskarHistorical plural preterite of glida; modern Swedish uses gled.
fiskarfishfisk · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralin apposition to surradefåglarnathe birdsfåglarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies suttosuttosatsutto · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralin apposition to fiskarArchaic plural past tense of sitta (they sat), not a noun.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsjöngosangsjöngo · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with suttoOld plural past tense of 'sjunga' (to sing), mistagged as an adjective.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking trädendetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of trädenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vandrandewalkingvandra · adjective, nominativemodifies trädenPresent participle 'vandrande' of 'vandra' (to walk/wander); mistagged as an adjective.
trädentreeträd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sjöngoträd is an invariant noun (same form singular and plural); the definite plural träden means "the trees."
tamdjurdomestic animalstamdjur · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with trädenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvilddjurwild beastsvilddjur · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with trädeniladehurriedila · verb, past, indicative, activemodifies surradeframåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies iladeiin competitioni · prepositionpreposition marking kappkappracekapp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of surradeused in the phrase 'i kapp (med)', 'racing/in competition (with)'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmittblandamidstmittbland · verb, imperative, activecoordinated with surradeallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of människordessathesedenna · determiner, pluraldeterminer of människorgingowentgingo · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies människorPast plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective.
människorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralclausal complement of mittblandsomligasomesomlig · pronoun, pluraladverbial clause on mittblandmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking spadarspadarspadesspad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of mittblandochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationliarscythesliar · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with spadarandraothersannan · pronoun, pluralclause modifying mittblandmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking yxoryxoraxesyxor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of mittblandandraothersannan · pronoun, pluralmodifies mittblandmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking jaktbössorjaktbössorhunting gunsjaktbössa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of mittblandochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationandraothersannan · pronoun, pluralcoordinated with jaktbössoråteragainåter · adverbmodifies fiskhåvarmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking fiskhåvarfiskhåvarfishing netsfiskhåvar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of jaktbössor- 43
The procession moved along with joy and cheerfulness, and he was not surprised at that, once he had seen who was leading it.
Tågetthe processionTåget · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of drogdrogmoved alongdrogma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceframforwardfram · adverbdepends on drogmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking glädjeglädjejoyglädje · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of drogochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmunterhetcheerfulnessmunterhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with glädjeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of undradeundradewonderedundra · adjective, nominative, singularcoordinated with droghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undradeintenotinte · particlemodifies undradepåatpå · prepositiondepends on undradesedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of setthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on undradevemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singularintroduces the clause of vardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of settsomthatsom · pronounsubject of anfördeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
anfördeledanföra · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on vardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of anförde It was none other than the sun itself.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phrasevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to Detingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of mindremindreotherlite · adverbmodifies solenSurface 'mindre' is the shared comparative of both 'lite' (less) and 'liten' (small); in ch. examples it renders as predicate-adjective 'smaller' (mycket mindre än han, mindre höga) as often as adverbial 'less' (nöjde sig inte med mindre).
änthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of solensolensunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varsjälvitselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying solenIt rolled along the road like a great shining head with hair of many-colored rays and a face that beamed with cheerfulness and kindness.
Denitden · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of rulladerulladerolledrulla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceframåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies rulladevägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rulladesomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of huvudettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of huvudstortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies huvudlysandeshininglysa · adjective, nominativecoordinated with stortMistagged as an adjective; 'lysande' is the present participle of 'lysa' (to shine).
huvudheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularclause modifying vägenmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hårhårhairhår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies huvudavofav · prepositionpreposition marking strålarmångfärgademany-coloredmångfärgad · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies strålarstrålarraysstråel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies hårochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ansikteansiktefaceansikte · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with huvudsomthatsom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of skenskenbeamedsk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularin apposition to vägenLemma/surface 'sken' is mostly the past tense of 'skina' (shone); one occurrence is the noun 'glow, light'.
avwithav · prepositionpreposition marking munterhetmunterhetcheerfulnessmunterhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies skenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgodhetkindnessgodhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with munterhet»Onward!» it cried unceasingly.
Framåtonwardframåt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ropadeAdverb meaning 'forward, onward'; mistagged as a noun.
ropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of ropadeoupphörligenceaselesslyoupphörligen · adverbmodifies ropade»No one need be afraid, when I am along.
Ingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of ängsligbehöverneedbehöva · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of ängsligvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to ängsligängsliganxiousängslig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ärjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ängsligmedwithmed · prepositiondepends on ärOnward!
Framåtonwardframåt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseAdverb meaning 'forward, onward'; mistagged as a noun.
Onward!»
Framåtonwardframåt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseAdverb meaning 'forward, onward'; mistagged as a noun.
- 44
»I wonder where the sun wants to take us,» the boy then said to himself.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undrarundrarwondersundra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevartwherevart · adverbmodifies förasolensunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of föravillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of föraföratakeföra · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of undrarossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of förasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to undrardåthendå · adverbmodifies sadepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativemodifies pojkensjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sig But the rye-stalk walking beside him had heard his words, and it answered at once: »She wants to lead us up to Lappland to fight the great petrifier.»
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrågstråetthe rye-stalkrågstrået · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gicksomthatsom · pronounsubject of gickThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
gickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebredvidnearbybredvid · adverbdepends on gickhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of gickhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörthörtheardhöra · verb, active, supinecoordinated with gickhanshishan · pronounpossessor of ordordwordord · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hörtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of svaradesvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickgenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies svaradeHonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of föravillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of föraföraleadföra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of föraoppåtupwardoppåt · adverbmodifies LapplandLapplandLaplandLappland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of föraförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of stridaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of stridainfinitive marker before a verb.
stridato fightstrida · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on föramotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking förstenarendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of förstenarenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies förstenarenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
förstenarenpetrifierförstenar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stridaA folkloric being that turns things to stone.
- 45
The boy soon noticed that several of the travelers grew hesitant, slowed their pace, and finally came to a stop.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märktemärktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies märkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blevofleraseveralflera · pronoun, pluralsubject of blevoavofav · prepositionpreposition marking vandrarnavandrarnawanderersvandrare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies flerablevobecameblevo · adverbadverbial clause on märkteArchaic plural past tense of bli ("to become"), not an adverb; the parser mistagged it.
tveksammahesitanttveksam · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of blevosaktadeslowedsakta · adjective, nominative, singularcoordinated with tveksammafartenspeedfart · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blevoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies blevosistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase tillblevobecameblevo · adverbmodifies ståendeArchaic plural past tense of bli ("to become"), not an adverb; the parser mistagged it.
ståendestandingstående · adjective, nominativecoordinated with farten He saw that the great beech tree halted, the roe deer and the wheat-stalk stayed behind at the roadside, and likewise the blackberry bushes, the big yellow globeflowers, the chestnut trees, and the partridges.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stannadedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of bokträdetstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies bokträdetweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
bokträdetthe beech treebokträde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of stannadestannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of sågrådjuretthe roe deerrådjuret · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with stannadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationveteståndetthe wheat stalkvetestånde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with stannadeblevobecameblevo · verb, active, supineoblique complement of såglemma should be bli 'to become'; blevo is the archaic plural past tense (they became).
kvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on blevovidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking vägkantenvägkantenroadsidevägkante · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blevoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlikaledeslikewiselikaledes · adverbcoordinated with blevobjörnbärsbuskarnablackberry bushesbjörnbärsbusk · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sågdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of smörbollarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
storabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies smörbollarnagulayellowgul · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies smörbollarnasmörbollarnathe globeflowerssmörboll · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sågkastanjernathe chestnut treeskastanjerna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with smörbollarnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrapphönornathe partridgesrapphönorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with smörbollarna- 46
He looked around to figure out why so many were stopping.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sågomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies sågförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of funderaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of funderainfinitive marker before a verb.
funderathink/figure outfundera · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sågutoutut · adverbdepends on funderavarförwhyvarför · adverbmodifies mångasåsoså · adverbmodifies mångamångamanymången · pronoun, pluralmodifies stannadestannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activedirect object of fundera Then he discovered that he was no longer in southern Sweden, but that the march had gone so fast they were already in Svealand.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies upptäckteupptäcktediscoveredupptäcka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of upptäckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varintenotinte · particlemodifies varlängrelongerlänge · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on upptäcktekvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on variini · prepositionpreposition marking Sverigesödrasouthernsödra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies SverigeSverigeSwedenSverige · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of varutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
vandringenjourneyvandring · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttgonegå · verb, active, supinecoordinated with upptäcktesåsoså · adverbmodifies gåttfortfastfort · adverbmodifies gåttattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vorodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of vororedanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies vorovorowerevoro · pronoun, pluraladverbial clause on gåttmistagged as a pronoun; this is the archaic plural past tense of vara 'to be'.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking SvealandSvealandSvealandSvealand · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of voro- 47
Up here the oak began to move forward ever more hesitantly.
Häruppeup herehäruppe · proper noun, nominativesubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceekenoakek · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadeflyttamoveflytta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of flyttaframåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies flyttaalltmermore and morealltmer · adverbmodifies betänksamtbetänksamthesitantlybetänksam · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies flytta It stood still for a moment, took a few uncertain steps, and then stopped dead.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencestillastillstilla · adverbmodifies stundenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of stegtveksammauncertaintveksamm · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stegstegstepssteg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of togochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtvärstannadestopped deadtvärstanna · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with togMistagged as an adjective; surface 'tvärstannade' is the past tense of tvärstanna (to stop abruptly).
alldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies tvärstannade»Why doesn't the oak keep going?» asked the boy.
Varförwhyvarför · adverbmodifies följerföljerfollowsfölja · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on »ekenoakek · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of följerintenotinte · particlemodifies följermedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking längrelängrefartherlänge · adverbmodifies följerfrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågade— »She fears the great petrifier,» said a young, bright birch, who walked along so gladly and briskly that it was a pleasure to see.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fruktarfruktarfearsfrukta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of förstenarenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies förstenarenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
förstenarenpetrifierförstenar · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fruktarA folkloric being that turns things to stone.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to fruktarenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of björkungyoungung · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies björkljusbrightljus · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ungbjörkbirchbjörk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesomwhosom · pronounsubject of gickThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
gickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on björkframåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies gicksåsoså · adverbmodifies gladgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkäckspiritedkäck · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with gladattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lustdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of lustvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to lustenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lustlustdesirelust · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of sadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitivedepends on lust- 48
But although many had been left behind, there was still a great crowd that continued the journey in good spirits.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfastänalthoughfastän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivitmångamanymången · pronoun, pluralsubject of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on fannsefterbehindefter · prepositiondepends on blivitfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsännustillännu · adverbmodifies fannsenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skarastorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies skaraskaraflockskara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannssomthatsom · pronounsubject of fortsatteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
fortsattecontinuedfortsatte · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on skarafärdenjourneyfärd · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fortsattemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking modgottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies modmodcouragemod · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fortsatte And the sun-head kept rolling ahead of the procession, laughing and calling out: »Onward!
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsolhuvudetthe sun-headsolhuvude · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of rulladerulladerolledrulla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencealltjämtstillalltjämt · adverbmodifies rulladeförebeforeföre · prepositionpreposition marking tågettågetprocessiontåg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of rulladeSecond example ('en sjöman äntrar uppför ett tåg' = 'a sailor climbs up a rope') uses the nautical sense 'rope', not 'train'; the type was pinned to 'train' with contextDependent false, missing this attested sense.
skrattadelaughedskratta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with rulladeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with rulladeFramåtonwardframåt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseAdverb meaning 'forward, onward'; mistagged as a noun.
Onward!
Framåtonwardframåt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseAdverb meaning 'forward, onward'; mistagged as a noun.
No one need be afraid, as long as I am along.»
Ingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of ängsligbehöverneedbehöva · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of ängsligvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to ängsligängsliganxiousängslig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesåasså · adverbmodifies längelängeas long aslänge · adverbmodifies ängsligsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ärjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ängsligmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking är- 49
The crowd hurried onward at the same pace.
Skaranthe crowdSkaran · proper noun, nominativesubject of skyndadeskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevidarefurthervidare · adverbmodifies skyndademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking fartsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of fartfartspeedfart · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skyndade Soon they were up in Norrland, and now it did not help however much the sun called and pleaded.
Snartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies vorovorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, singularhead of the phrasePast plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of vorouppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies voroiini · prepositionpreposition marking NorrlandNorrlandNorrlandNorrland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of uppeRegion of northern Sweden.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies hjälptehjälptehelpedhjälpa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vorodetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hjälpteintenotinte · particlemodifies hjälptehurhowhur · adverbmodifies ropadesolensunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropaderopadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hjälpteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbadpleadedbe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with ropadeSurface 'bad' is genuinely ambiguous between the noun 'bad' (a bath) and the past tense of the verb 'be' (asked). Only ch03-p15-s1 is the verb sense ('asked'); ch03-p74-s3, ch16-p36-s2, and ch22-p49-s8 are all the noun 'bad' (bath/bathing), which the noun morphology tag on this key actually points to. The glosser's original gloss 'asked' fit only 1 of 4 examples.
The apple tree stopped, the cherry tree stopped.
Äppleträdetthe apple treeÄppleträdet · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of stannadestannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekörsbärsträdetthe cherry treekörsbärsträd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with stannadestannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activecomplement of stannadeThe oat-stalk stopped.
Havreståndetthe oat-stalkHavrestånd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of stannadestannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceThe boy turned to those who had fallen behind.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändevändeturnedväna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vändetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of vändesomwhosom · pronounsubject of blevoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
blevobecameblevo · verb, active, supinerelative clause on demlemma should be bli 'to become'; blevo is the archaic plural past tense (they became).
efterbehindefter · prepositiondepends on blevo»Why don't you come along?
Varförwhyvarför · adverbmodifies gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gårsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
intenotinte · particlemodifies gårmedwithmed · prepositiondepends on gårWhy do you betray the sun?» he said.
Varförwhyvarför · adverbmodifies svikersvikerbetraysvika · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svikersecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
solensunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of svikersadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade— »We dare not.
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vågarvågardaresvåga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies vågarWe fear the great petrifier who lives up in Lappmarken,» they answered.
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fruktarfruktarfearsfrukta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of förstenarenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies förstenarenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
förstenarenpetrifierförstenar · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fruktarA folkloric being that turns things to stone.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of borThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
borlivesbo · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on förstenarenoppeup thereoppe · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of borColloquial adverb 'oppe' (dialectal for 'uppe'), mistagged here as a noun.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking LappmarkenLappmarkenLappmarkenlappmark · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of borsvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fruktardetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of svarade- 50
Soon the boy thought he understood that they had come far up into Lappland, and here the crowd marching forward grew ever thinner.
Snartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tycktepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckteförståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommitdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineclausal complement of tycktelångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies uppåtuppåtupwarduppåt · adverbmodifies LapplandLapplandLaplandLappland · proper noun, nominativedirect object of kommitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhärherehär · adverbmodifies blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tyckteskaranflockskara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevsomthatsom · pronounsubject of vandradeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
vandradewanderedvandra · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on skaranframåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies vandradeallteverallt · adverbmodifies glesareglesaresparsergles · adjective, nominative, comparativecoordinated with tyckte The rye-stalk, the barley, the wild strawberry, the blueberry bush, the pea vine, the currant bush had all kept up until now.
Rågstråetthe rye-stalkRågstrået · proper noun, nominativesubject of följtkornetthe barleykornet · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with Rågstråetsmultronetthe wild strawberrysmultron · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with Rågstråetblåbärsrisetthe blueberry bushblåbärsries · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with Rågstråetärtrankanthe pea vineärtranka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Rågstråetvinbärsbuskenthe currant bushvinbärsbusk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Rågstråethadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of följtföljtfollowedfölja · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositionmodifies följtallteverythingall · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase medhittillsso farhittills · adverbpart of the phrase medThe elk and the cow had walked side by side, but now all of these stopped.
Älgenthe mooseÄlgen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkonthe cowkon · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with ÄlgenDefinite form of common-gender 'ko' (cow); mistagged as neuter.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttwalkedgå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesidasidesida · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on gåttvidbyvid · prepositionmodifies gåttsidasidesida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase vidmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies stannadestannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gåttallaallall · pronoun, pluraldeterminer of dessadessathesedenna · pronoun, pluralsubject of stannadeThe people kept up a little further, but then they too came to a stop.
Människornathe peopleMänniskorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of följdeföljdefollowedfölja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositiondepends on följdeänthanän · prepositionintroduces the clause of styckeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of styckestyckepiecestycke · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of följdemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies ståendeblevobecameblevo · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase såocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies blevodetheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ståendeSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
ståendestandingstående · adjective, nominativecoordinated with följdeThe sun would surely have been left almost deserted, had not new companions arrived.
Solensunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of övergivenskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of övergivennogsurelynog · adverbmodifies övergivenhahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of övergivenvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to övergivennästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies övergivenövergivenabandonedövergiven · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommitdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with kommitintenotinte · particlemodifies kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on övergivennyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies följesfolkföljesfolkcompanionsföljesfolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kommitWillow bushes and a great deal of other low brush joined the procession.
Videbuskarwillow bushesvidebusk · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sälladeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of mängdmängda great manymängd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies småkrattannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies småkrattsmåkrattlow brushsmåkratt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with Videbuskarsälladejoinedsälla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sälladetilljoinedtill · prepositionpreposition marking tågettågetprocessiontåg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sälladeSecond example ('en sjöman äntrar uppför ett tåg' = 'a sailor climbs up a rope') uses the nautical sense 'rope', not 'train'; the type was pinned to 'train' with contextDependent false, missing this attested sense.
Lapps and reindeer, snowy owls and Arctic foxes and ptarmigans joined it.
LapparLappsLappar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of förenadeHistorical term for the Sami people, as used in the period source text.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrenarreindeerren · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Lapparfjällugglorsnowy owlsfjälluggla · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Lapparochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfjällrävarArctic foxesfjällräv · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Lapparochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsnöriporptarmiganssnöripa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with fjällrävarförenadejoinedförena · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of förenademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of förenade- 51
The boy now heard something coming toward them.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies hördenågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardirect object of hördesomthatsom · pronounsubject of komThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
komcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on någotemottowardemot · prepositiondepends on komdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of kom It was a great many rivers and streams rushing along in swift rapids.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of flodervarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to floderenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of mängdmängda great manymängd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies floderfloderriversflod · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbäckarbrooksbäck · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with flodersomthatsom · pronounsubject of störtadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
störtaderushingstörta · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on bäckarframforwardfram · adverbdepends on störtadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking forsstarkstrongstark · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies forsforsrapidsfors · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of störtade»Why are they in such a hurry?» he asked.
Varförwhyvarför · adverbmodifies bråttomharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bråttomdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of bråttomdärtheredär · adverbmodifies bråttomsåsuchså · adverbmodifies bråttombråttomin a hurrybråttom · verb, active, supinemodifies »Predicative idiom 'ha bråttom'; tagged as a verb form but functions as an adjective/adverb phrase, not a separate lexeme.
frågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågade— »They are fleeing from the great petrifier who lives up in the mountains,» answered a ptarmigan.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of flyrflyrare fleeingflyr · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceundanfromundan · adverbdepends on flyrförfromför · prepositionpreposition marking förstenarendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of förstenarenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies förstenarenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
förstenarenpetrifierförstenar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flyrA folkloric being that turns things to stone.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of borThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
borlivesbo · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on förstenarenoppeup thereoppe · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of borColloquial adverb 'oppe' (dialectal for 'uppe'), mistagged here as a noun.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking fjällenfjällenmountainsfjälle · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of borsurface fjällen here is the definite plural of fjäll ('mountain'), meaning 'the mountains'.
svaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to flyrenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of riphönariphönaptarmigan henriphöna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svarade- 52
Quite suddenly the boy saw that ahead of them rose a high, dark wall with a jagged crest.
HeltcompletelyHelt · adverbmodifies plötsligtplötsligtsuddenlyplötslig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of resteinfinitive marker before a verb.
framförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of resteresteroseresa · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sågsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of resteenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of murhögtallhög · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies murmörkdarkmörk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with högmurwallmur · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of restemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking krönuttaggatjaggeduttagga · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies krönkröncrestkrön · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies mur At the sight of the wall, everyone seemed to recoil, but the sun at once turned its radiant face toward it and poured light over it.
Vidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking åsynenåsynenthe sightåsyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tycktesavofav · prepositionpreposition marking murenmurenwallmur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies åsynentycktesseemedtycktes · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceallaallall · pronoun, pluraldeterminer of ryggaryggato recoilrygga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tycktestillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies ryggamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsolensunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändevändeturnedväna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tycktesPast tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända.
genastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies vändesitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of ansiktepossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
strålanderadiantstrålande · adjective, nominativemodifies ansikteansiktefaceansikte · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of vändeemottowardemot · prepositiondepends on vändedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of emotochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationövergötfloodedövergö · verb, active, supinecoordinated with dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularpart of the phrase emotmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ljusljuslightljus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of emotThen it turned out that it was no wall standing in their way, only the loveliest mountains, rising one behind another.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies visadevisadeshowedvisa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of visadesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of visadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of murdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of murintenotinte · particlemodifies murvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to murnågonnonågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of murmurwallmur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of visadesomthatsom · pronounsubject of stodThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
stodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on muriini · prepositionpreposition marking vägderastheirde · pronounpossessor of vägpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
vägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodbarajustbara · adverbmodifies bergdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of bergSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
allraveryallra · adverbmodifies skönaste"Most of all" only fits "allra ondast" (angriest of all); in "allra vackraste," "allra tunnaste," and "allra förskräckligaste" allra intensifies the following superlative and renders as "very" (the very loveliest/thinnest/worst).
skönasteloveliestskönaste · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies bergStudio translation renders 'skönaste' as 'loveliest' (3x) or 'fairest' (1x), never 'finest'; prefer 'loveliest' to match the wording actually used.
bergmountainberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with mursomthatsom · pronounsubject of höjdeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
höjderaisedhöja · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on bergsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of höjdedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of enaenaoneena · adjective, nominativedirect object of höjdebakombehindbakom · prepositionpreposition marking andradetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of andraandraotherannan · adjective, nominativeoblique complement of höjdeThe peaks turned red in the sunshine, the slopes stood pale blue with tints of gold.
Topparnathe peaksTopparna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of blevoblevobecameblevo · adverbhead of the phraseArchaic plural past tense of bli ("to become"), not an adverb; the parser mistagged it.
rödaredröd · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies blevoiini · prepositionpreposition marking solskenetsolskenetthe sunshinesolsken · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of blevosluttningarnathe slopessluttningarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with blevostodostoodstodo · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blevoljusblåapale blueljusblåa · pronoun, pluralsubject of stodomedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking guldskiftningarguldskiftningartints of goldguldskiftning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of stodo»Onward!
Framåtonwardframåt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseAdverb meaning 'forward, onward'; mistagged as a noun.
Onward!
Framåtonwardframåt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseAdverb meaning 'forward, onward'; mistagged as a noun.
No danger, as long as I am along,» cried the sun, and rolled up the steep sides of the mountains.
Ingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of farafaradangerfara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropadesome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
såasså · adverbmodifies längelängeas long aslänge · adverbmodifies farasomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ärjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on faramedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ärropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesolensunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrulladerolledrulla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ropadeuppåtupwarduppåt · adverbmodifies rulladebergensthe mountains'berg · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of sidorbrantasteepbrant · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sidorsidorsidessida · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of rullade- 53
But on the journey up the mountains, the brave young birch, the strong pine, and the stubborn spruce abandoned her.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationunderonunder · prepositionpreposition marking färdenfärdenjourneyfärd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of övergavuppåtupwarduppåt · adverbpreposition marking bergenbergenmountainberg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies färdenövergavabandonedöverge · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of övergavdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ungbjörkentapprabravetappra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies ungbjörkenungbjörkenthe young birchungbjörk · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of övergavdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tallenstarkastrongstark · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies tallentallenpinetall · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of övergavochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of envisaenvisastubbornenvisa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with övergavgranensprucegran · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of envisa Here the reindeer, the Lapp, and the willow abandoned her.
Härherehär · adverbmodifies övergåvoövergåvoabandonedövergåvo · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceÖvergåvo is a historical plural past form.
henneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies renenrenenthe reindeerren · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of övergåvolappenLapplapp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies renenPeriod term (now usually replaced by 'Sami') for a member of the Sami people.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvidetthe willowvide · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with renenAt last, when she was up on the mountaintop, there was no one left but little Nils Holgersson still following her.
Tillat lasttill · prepositionintroduces the clause of Nilssistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase Tillnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on Nilsuppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies varpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking bergtoppenbergtoppenthe mountain peakbergtopp · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to Nilsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with Nilsingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of mermerelsemycket · adverbmodifies Nilsänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking Nilsdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of Nilslillalittleliten · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies NilsNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilssomwhosom · pronounsubject of följdeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
följdefollowedfölja · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on Nilshenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of följde- 54
The sun rolled into a ravine where the walls were clad in ice, and Nils Holgersson wanted to follow her in there, but he did not dare go farther than the mouth of the ravine, for inside he saw something terrifying.
Solensunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rulladerulladerolledrulla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceininin · adverbdepends on rulladeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking klyftaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of klyftaklyftagorgeklyfta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rulladedärtheredär · adverbmodifies kläddaväggarnawallsvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies vorovorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of kläddaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
kläddadressedklädda · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on klyftamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking isisiceis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kläddaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativesubject of följaHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilsvillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of följaföljato followfölja · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kläddahenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of följadittheredit · adverbmodifies följaininin · adverbdepends on följamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlängrefartherlänge · adverbmodifies öppningänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase längretilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking öppningklyftansthe ravine'sklyfta · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of öppningöppningopeningöppning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vågadevågadedaredvåga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with rulladehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vågadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vågadeintenotinte · particlemodifies vågadeförforför · prepositiondepends on sågdärinnein theredärinne · adverbpart of the phrase försågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on vågadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågnågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of förfärandeförfärandeterrifyingförfärande · adjective, nominativedirect object of såg Deepest inside the ravine sat an old troll with a body of ice, hair of icicles, and a mantle of snow.
LängstfarthestLängst · adverbmodifies inneinnedeepest insideinne · adverbmodifies sattiini · prepositionpreposition marking klyftanklyftangorgeklyfta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattsattsatsitta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of trollgammaltoldgammal · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies trolltrolltrolltroll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking kroppkroppbodykropp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies trollavofav · prepositionpreposition marking isisiceis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kropphårhairhår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with isavofav · prepositionpreposition marking istapparistappariciclesistapp · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies hårochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmantelmantlemantel · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with istapparavofav · prepositionpreposition marking snösnösnowsnö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies istapparIn front of the troll lay several black wolves, which rose up and opened their jaws when the sun appeared.
Framförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking trollettrollettrolltroll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of lågolågolaylågo · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies ulvarmistagged as a noun; this is the archaic plural past tense of ligga 'to lie' (they lay).
någrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ulvarsvartablacksvart · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ulvarulvarwolvesulvar · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralhead of the phrasesomwhichsom · pronounsubject of resteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
resteroseresa · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on ulvarsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of resteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationöppnadeopenedöppna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with restesinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of gapgapjawsgap · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of öppnadenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of visadesolensunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visadevisadeshowedvisa · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ulvarsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of visadeAnd out of one wolf's jaws came sharp cold, out of the second came hissing north wind, out of the third came black darkness.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking ulvagapetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ulvagapetenaoneena · adjective, nominativemodifies ulvagapetulvagapetthe wolf's jawsulvagap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on komvasssharpvass · adjective, nominativemodifies köldköldcoldköld · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of komurout ofur · adverbpreposition marking andraFunctions as a preposition ('out of / from'), mistagged as an adverb.
detaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of andraandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activein apposition to komväsandehissingväsande · adjective, nominativemodifies nordannordannorth windnorda · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of komurout ofur · adverbpreposition marking tredjeFunctions as a preposition ('out of / from'), mistagged as an adverb.
detaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of tredjetredjethirdtre · adjective, nominativeadverbial clause on komSurface 'tredje' is the ordinal 'third', though lemma is tagged as the cardinal 'tre'.
komcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesvartblacksvar · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies mörkerThe lemma should be svart ("black"); the parser mistagged the surface "svart" under the noun svar ("answer").
mörkerdarknessmörker · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kom»That must surely be the great petrifier and his retinue,» thought the boy.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phrasedärtheredär · adverbmodifies förstenarenärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to förstenarenvälmustväl · adverbmodifies äralltallall · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies ärdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of förstenarenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies förstenarenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
förstenarenpetrifierförstenar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies DetA folkloric being that turns things to stone.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanshishan · pronounpossessor of följeföljecompanyfölje · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with förstenarentänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Detpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkteHe understood that the wisest thing now would be to flee, but he was so curious to see how the meeting between the troll and the sun would turn out that he stood his ground.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstodförstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gjordenunownu · adverbmodifies gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on förstodhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordeklokastwisestklok · adverbcomplement of gjordeitoi · prepositionintroduces the clause of flyatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of flyinfinitive marker before a verb.
flyto fleefly · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gjordemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of nyfikenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to nyfikensåsoså · adverbmodifies nyfikennyfikencuriousnyfiken · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with gjordeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on nyfikenhurhowhur · adverbmodifies semötetgatheringmöte · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of semellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking trollettrollettrolltroll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies mötetochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsolensunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of avlöpaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of avlöpaavlöpato turn outavlöpa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with mötetattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blevhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of avlöpaståendestandingstående · adjective, nominativecomplement of blev- 55
The troll did not move, but only stared at the sun with his dreadful ice-face, and the sun likewise stood still, doing nothing but smiling and shining.
Trolletthe trollTroll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of rörderördemovedröra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of rördeintenotinte · particlemodifies rördeutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
barajustbara · adverbmodifies stirradestirradestaredstirra · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with rördeReally the past tense of the verb stirra ('to stare'), mistagged here as an adjective.
motatmot · prepositionpreposition marking solensolensunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stirrademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking isansiktesitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of isansiktepossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
hemskadreadfulhemsk · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies isansikteisansikteice-faceisansikte · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of stirradeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsolensunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with rördelikaledeslikewiselikaledes · adverbdepends on stodstillastillstilla · adverbmodifies stodgjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with rördeingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gjordeannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies gjordeänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of loglogsmiledloga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gjordeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstråladeshonestråla · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with log This went on for a while, and the boy thought he noticed that the troll began to sigh and writhe, the snow mantle fell, and the three terrible wolves howled less violently.
Såthisså · adverbmodifies fortgickfortgickcontinuedfortgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of fortgickenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fortgickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fortgicksighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tycktemärkato noticemärka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of börjadetrollettrolltroll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tycktesuckasighsucka · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of börjadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvåndaswrithevånda · verb, present, indicative, passivecoordinated with börjadesnömantelnthe snow mantlesnömantel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of föllföllfellföll · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with börjadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ulvarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
trethreetre · numeral, nominativequantifies ulvarnaförfärligaterribleförfärlig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ulvarnaulvarnathe wolvesulve · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vråladevråladehowledvråla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fortgickmindrelessliten · adverbmodifies våldsamtthis type bundles the positive and comparative degree forms (litet, mindre) under one entry.
våldsamtviolentlyvåldsam · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies vråladeBut suddenly the sun cried: »Now my time is up,» and rolled backward out of the ravine.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationplötsligensuddenlyplötsligen · adverbmodifies ropaderopadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesolensunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropadeNunownu · adverbmodifies baklängesärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to baklängesminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of tidpossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
tidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of äruteoutsideute · adverbmodifies ärochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrulladerolledrulla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ärbaklängesbackwardsbaklänge · verb, passive, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceFunctions as an adverb, not a verb.
utoutut · adverbdepends on baklängesurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking klyftanklyftangorgeklyfta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of baklängesThen the troll let his three wolves loose, and at once the north storm, the cold, and the darkness rushed out of the ravine and began to chase the sun.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies släpptesläpptereleasedsläppte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetrollettrolltroll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of släpptesinahissig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of ulvartrethreetre · numeral, nominativequantifies ulvarulvarwolvesulvar · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of lösalösalooselösa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of släppteIn all four examples 'lösa' is the plural/definite form of the adjective 'lös' ('loose': lösa styltor, hundarna lösa, lösa pappersbladen/bladen), not the verb 'lösa' ('to solve'). The gloss 'to solve' does not match a single example.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking foroensat onceens · pronounpossessor of foroforowentforo · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of nordanstormenMistagged as a noun; foro is the plural past tense of fara ("went/traveled").
nordanstormennorth stormnordanstorm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with lösaköldencoldköld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with nordanstormenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmörkretdarknessmörker · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with nordanstormenutoutut · adverbmodifies mörkreturout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking klyftanklyftangorgeklyfta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lösajagato huntjaga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadesolensunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of jaga»Drive her away!
KörDriveköra · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencebortawaybort · adverbdepends on Körhenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of KörChase her off!» cried the troll.
Drivchasedriv · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceundanoffundan · adverbmodifies Drivhenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularsubject of passive Drivropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetrollettrolltroll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of ropade»Hunt her so that she never comes back!
JagahuntJaga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesåsoså · adverbmodifies henneattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommerhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommeraldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hennetillbakabacktillbaka · adverbdepends on kommerTeach her that Lappland is mine!»
LärteachLär · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of Lärattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of mittLapplandLaplandLappland · proper noun, nominativesubject of mittärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to mittmittmyjag · pronoun, neuter, singularclausal complement of LärThis entry is really the possessive "mitt" (neuter agreement), mistagged under the lemma jag.
- 56
But Nils Holgersson had grown so frightened, hearing that the sun was to be chased away from Lappland, that he had woken with a cry.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativesubject of blivitHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilshadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies ängsligängsliganxiousängslig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hördehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ängsligattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of jagassolensunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive jagasskullewas toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of jagasjagasto be chasedjaga · verb, passive, infinitiveclausal complement of hördebortawaybort · adverbdepends on jagasfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking LapplandLapplandLaplandLappland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of jagasattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vaknathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vaknathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vaknatvaknatwokenvakna · verb, active, supineclausal complement of jagasmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking skrikettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of skrikskrikcryskrik · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vaknat - 57
And when he had come to his senses, he had noticed that he lay at the bottom of a great mountain valley.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on märkttillto his sensestill · prepositionpreposition marking besinningbesinninghis sensesbesinning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommit'Besinning' appears in fixed phrases like 'komma till besinning' (come to one's senses) and 'förlora besinning' (lose one's composure).
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of märkthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märktmärktnoticedmärka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of låghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of märktpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking bottnenbottnenbottombottn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågavofav · prepositionpreposition marking bergdalenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bergdalstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bergdalbergdalmountain valleybergdal · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bottnen But where was Gorgo, and how was he to find out where he himself was?
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to Gorgovarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to GorgoGorgoGorgoGorgo · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseProper name (the eagle), mistagged as adjective by the parser.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhurhowhur · adverbmodifies fåskullewas toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåfåfind outfå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with Gorgoredafind outreda · adverbdepends on fåpart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påoutpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of befannvarwasvara · adverbmodifies befannThis is the past tense "var" of vara ("to be"), not an adverb; the parser mistagged it.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of befannsjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying hanbefannwasbefann · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fåreflexive befinna sig = 'to be located'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of befann- 58
He got up and looked around.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of resterestegot upresa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of resteuppupupp · adverbdepends on resteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with restepast tense of se, 'to see.'
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sågomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies såg Then his eyes fell on a strange structure of pine branches lying on a rocky ledge.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies fölloföllofellfölloma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanshishan · pronounpossessor of blickarblickarglances/eyesblicka · verb, present, indicative, activedirect object of fölloEvery example shows 'blickar' as the plural noun (his/her glances/eyes), subject of 'föllo' — not the present-tense verb 'blickar' (glances/gazes). Morphology tag is mislabeled verb; the idiom is 'hans blickar föll på' = 'his eyes/glance fell on'.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking byggnadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of byggnadbesynnerligstrangebesynnerlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies byggnadbyggnadbuildingbyggnad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies blickaravofav · prepositionpreposition marking tallgrenartallgrenarpine branchestallgren · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies byggnadsomthatsom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
låglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on byggnadpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking klippavsatsenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of klippavsatsklippavsatsrocky ledgeklippavsats · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of låg»That is certainly one of those eagle nests, like Gorgo's...
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phrasedärtheredär · adverbmodifies bestämtärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to bestämtbestämtcertainlybestämd · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularrelative clause on DetHere used adverbially as 'bestämt' (certainly, surely), not the adjective 'definite'.
ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sådantsådantsuch a thingsån · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of bestämtdärtheredär · adverbintroduces the clause of örnnästeörnnästeeagle's nestörnnäste · noun, nominative, neuter, singularclause modifying sådantsomlikesom · pronounintroduces the clause of GorgoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
GorgoGorgoGorgo · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on Det- 59
He did not finish the thought.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies tänktetankenthoughttanke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tänktetillto the endtill · prepositionmodifies tänkteslutendslut · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase till Instead he pulled the cap off his head, swung it in the air, and cheered.
Iinsteadi · prepositionmodifies ryckteställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase Irycktetuggedrycka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on svängdehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ryckteluvancapluva · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ryckteavoffav · prepositionpreposition marking huvudethuvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of rycktesvängdeswungsvängde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of svängdeiini · prepositionpreposition marking luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of svängdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhurradecheeredhurrad · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with luftenHe understood where Gorgo had brought him.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstodförstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevartwherevart · adverbmodifies förtGorgoGorgoGorgo · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of förtProper name (the eagle), mistagged as adjective by the parser.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förtförtcarriedföra · verb, active, supineclausal complement of förstodhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of förtThis was the valley where the eagles lived on the rocky shelf and the wild geese on the valley floor.
Dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of dalenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to dalendalenvalleydal · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasedärtheredär · adverbmodifies boddeörnarnathe eaglesörnarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of boddeboddelivedbodde · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on dalenpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking klipphyllanklipphyllanrock shelfklipphylla · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of boddeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with klipphyllanattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking dalbottnendalbottnenvalley floordalbottn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of boddeHe had arrived!
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frammevarhad arrivedvara · verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to frammeframmearrivedframme · adjective, nominativehead of the phraseHe would meet Morten Goosey-Gander and Akka and all his traveling companions in a moment.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkaråkameetråka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceMårtenMortenMårt · proper noun, nominativedirect object of råkaLemma is the shortened stem 'Mårt'; surface 'Mårten' is the gander's full name.
gåskarlgandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Mårtenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with gåskarlproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of reskamraternareskamraternatraveling companionsreskamrat · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Mårtenominom · prepositionpreposition marking ögonblickettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ögonblickögonblickmomentsögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies reskamraterna- 60
THE ARRIVAL.
FRAMKOMSTENTHE ARRIVALFRAMKOMSTEN · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrase - 61
The boy walked slowly forward, looking for his friends.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesaktaslowlysakta · adverbcomplement of gickframåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies saktaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationletadesearchedleta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking vännersinahissig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of vännervännerfriendsvänn · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of letade It was perfectly still throughout the whole valley.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of stillavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to stillaalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies stillastillastillstilla · adverbhead of the phraseithroughouti · prepositionpreposition marking dalenhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies dalendalenvalleydal · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stillaThe sun had not yet risen above the rock walls, and Nils Holgersson could tell that it was so early in the morning that the wild geese were not yet awake.
Solensunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stigithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of stigitintenotinte · particlemodifies stigitstigitrisenstiga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceuppupupp · adverbdepends on stigitöveraboveöver · prepositionpreposition marking klippväggarnaklippväggarnathe cliff wallsklippväggarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of stigitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativesubject of förståHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilskundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förståförståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with stigitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of morgondetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of morgonvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to morgonsåsoså · adverbmodifies tidigtidigearlytidig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies morgonmorgonmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of förståattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vorovildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of voroattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
ännuyetännu · adverbmodifies vorointenotinte · particlemodifies vorovorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on vaknaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
vaknato wakevakna · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with morgonHe had not gone far before he stopped and smiled, because he saw something so beautiful.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttintenotinte · particlemodifies gåttgåttgonegå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencelångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies gåttförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies stannadeused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stannadestannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gåttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmålogsmiledsmålog · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with stannadedärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of sågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därförhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gåttpast tense of se, 'to see.'
någotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sågsåsoså · adverbmodifies vackertvackertbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of sågIt was a wild goose lying asleep in a little nest on the ground, and beside her stood the gander.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of vildgåsvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to vildgåsenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vildgåsvildgåswild goosevildgås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
låglayligga · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with vildgåsmistagged as adjective; the surface 'låg' here is the past tense of ligga 'to lie', not the unrelated adjective låg 'low'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsovsleptsov · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vildgåsiini · prepositionpreposition marking redeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of redelitetlittleliten · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies rederedenestrede · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sovpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies redeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbredvidnearbybredvid · adverbmodifies stodhenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vildgåsgåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of stodmorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
He too was asleep, but it was plain that he had placed himself so close in order to be at hand at the first sign of danger.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sovsovsleptsova · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sovocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies sovmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with tydligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tydligttydligtcleartydlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with sovattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ställthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ställthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ställtställtput/placedställa · verb, active, supinedepends on tydligtsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ställtsåsoså · adverbmodifies näranäraclosenära · adverbmodifies ställtType lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära.
förin order toför · prepositionintroduces the clause of varaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of varainfinitive marker before a verb.
varabevara · verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to tilltillat handtill · prepositiondepends on ställthandsat handhands · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase tillvidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking faravarjeeveryvarje · determiner, singulardeterminer of farafaradangerfara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ställtsome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
- 62
The boy wandered on without disturbing them and peered in among the little willow bushes that covered the ground.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vandradevandradewanderedvandra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevidarefurthervidare · adverbmodifies vandradeutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of störaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of störainfinitive marker before a verb.
störadisturbstöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on vandradedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of störaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtittadelookedtitta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with störaininin · adverbdepends on tittademellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking videbuskarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of videbuskarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
småsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies videbuskarnavidebuskarnawillow bushesvidebuskarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of tittadesomthatsom · pronounsubject of täckteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
täcktecoveredtäcka · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on videbuskarnamarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of täckte It
Detiten · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phrasethis type bundles three distinct functions of the neuter forms det/ett under one entry.
- 63
was not long before he caught sight of a new pair of geese.
dröjdewas long in comingdröj · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceIdiomatic: "det dröjde inte länge" = "it was not long before."
intenotinte · particlemodifies dröjdeförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies fickused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickcaught sightfå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with dröjdesynsightsyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking gåsparettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of gåsparnyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies gåspargåsparpair of geesegåspa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of fick They did not belong to his flock, but were strangers, yet he grew so glad that he began to sing softly to himself, simply because he had come upon wild geese.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies hördetillbelong totill · prepositionpreposition marking flockhanshishan · pronounpossessor of flockflockflockflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hördeutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of främlingarSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies främlingararchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
främlingarstrangersfrämling · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of hördemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hördesåsoså · adverbmodifies gladgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of börjadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blevsmåsjungasing softlysmåsjung · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of börjadebarajustbara · adverbmodifies råkatdärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of hadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därförhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkatråkatcome uponråka · verb, active, supinecoordinated with börjadevildgässwild geesevildgäss · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of råkat- 64
He peered into a new thicket, and there at last he saw a pair he recognized.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tittadetittadelookedtitta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceininin · adverbdepends on tittadeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking snårettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of snårnyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies snårsnårthicketsnår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of tittadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärtheredär · adverbmodifies sågäntligenfinallyäntligen · adverbmodifies sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tittadepast tense of se, 'to see.'
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sågsomthatsom · pronoundirect object of kändeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändekändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on parigenagainigen · adverbdepends on kände It was certainly Neljä lying there on her eggs, and the gander standing beside her was Kolme.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of bestämtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to bestämtbestämtcertainlybestämd · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceAdverbial 'bestämt' (certainly, surely), mistagged as a verb supine.
NeljäNeljäNeljä · proper noun, nominativequantifies bestämtsomthatsom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
låglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Neljädärtheredär · adverbmodifies lågpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking äggäggeggägg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with Neljämorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
somthatsom · pronounsubject of stodThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
stodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on gåskarlenbredvidnearbybredvid · adverbdepends on stodhenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of stodvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to KolmeKolmeKolmeKolme · proper noun, nominativedepends on bestämtYes, surely it was so.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on såvisstsurelyviss · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies såvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to sådetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with såsåsoså · adverbhead of the phraseIt was impossible to be mistaken.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with omöjligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to omöjligtomöjligtimpossibleomöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tainfinitive marker before a verb.
tato taketa · verb, active, infinitivedepends on omöjligtmistemistakenmiste · adverbdepends on ta- 65
The boy would certainly have liked to wake them, but he let them sleep and wandered on.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hafthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of haftnogcertainlynog · adverbmodifies hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencegodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lustlustdesirelust · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haftatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of väckainfinitive marker before a verb.
väckato wakeväcka · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying lustdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of väckamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lätlätletlät · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with haftdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of lätsovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of lätochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvandradewanderedvandra · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with sovaTagged as an adjective but is the past tense of vandra, 'to wander/walk'.
vidarefurthervidare · adverbmodifies sova - 66
In the next thicket he saw Viisi and Kuusi, and not far from them he found Yksi and Kaksi.
Iini · prepositionpreposition marking snårnästanextnästa · adjective, nominativemodifies snårsnårthicketsnår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågViisiViisiviisi · proper noun, nominativedirect object of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationKuusiKuusiKuusi · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ViisiProper name of one of the goslings.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies demlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies demfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of fannfannfoundfinna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with såghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannYksiYksiYksi · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fannOne of Akka's flock, named for the Finnish word for 'one'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationKaksiKaksiKaksi · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with YksiName of one of the wild geese.
All four were asleep, and the boy passed by them without waking them.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of sovoSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
sovowere asleepsovo · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseHistorical plural past form of sova.
allaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fyrafyrafourfyra · numeral, nominativeoblique complement of sovoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sovoförbipastförbi · adverbdepends on gickdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of gickutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of väckaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of väckainfinitive marker before a verb.
väckato wakeväcka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gickdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of väcka- 67
When he came near the next thicket, he thought he saw something white gleaming among the bushes, and his heart began to pound with joy in his chest.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tyckteineari · prepositionmodifies komnärhetenvicinitynärhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iavofav · prepositionpreposition marking snårnästanextnästa · adjective, nominativemodifies snårsnårthicketsnår · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase itycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tyckteseseese · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tycktenågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of lysavittwhitevi · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies lysalysato shinelysa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of seframforwardfram · adverbdepends on lysamellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking buskarnabuskarnabushesbusk · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of framochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhjärtathearthjärta · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tycktebultapoundbulta · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of börjadeavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking glädjeglädjejoyglädje · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of börjadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking bröstetbröstetchestbröst · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of börjadepåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of började Yes, it was just as he had expected.
Jowell/yesjo · interjectiondepends on varused to affirm or answer a question, often contradicting an implied doubt.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesomassom · pronoundirect object of väntatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väntathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of väntatväntatexpectedväntaa · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on varSupine of 'vänta': 'väntat' = 'expected' in most tokens but 'väntat på svar' = 'had been waiting for an answer' — genuinely polysemous (expect vs. wait).
In there lay Dunfin so fair upon her eggs, and beside her stood the white gander.
Därinnein theredärinne · adverbmodifies låglåglayligga · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Dunfinmistagged as adjective; the surface 'låg' here is the past tense of ligga 'to lie', not the unrelated adjective låg 'low'.
DunfinDunfinDunfin · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodsåsoså · adverbmodifies fagertfagertfairfagert · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Dunfinpåuponpå · prepositionpreposition marking äggäggeggägg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies Dunfinochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbredvidnearbybredvid · adverbmodifies stodhenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåskarlenvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gåskarlengåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of stodmorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
The boy felt that one could tell, even in his sleep, how proud he was to stand guard over his wife up there in the Lapp mountains.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of syntesdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of syntessyntesone could tellsyntes · verb, past, indicativeclausal complement of tycktepåfrompå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of syntesfastänalthoughfastän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sovhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sovsovsleptsova · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tycktehurhowhur · adverbmodifies stoltstoltproudstolt · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of sovhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stoltvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to stoltöveroföver · prepositionpart of the phrase varatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ståinfinitive marker before a verb.
ståstandstå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stoltochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvaktato guardvakta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with ståsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of hustruhustruwifehustru · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ståuppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies ståiini · prepositionpreposition marking fjällendetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fjällenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
lapskaSámilapsk · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fjällenLapsk is a now-dated term; modern Swedish normally uses samisk.
fjällenmountainsfjälle · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uppesurface fjällen here is the definite plural of fjäll ('mountain'), meaning 'the mountains'.
- 68
But the white gander, too, the boy did not want to wake from his sleep, so he went on.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies gåskarlenhellereitherheller · adverbmodifies gåskarlendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåskarlenvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gåskarlengåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of väckamorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
villewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of väckapojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väckaväckato wakeväcka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceurout ofur · prepositiondepends on väckasömnensleepsömn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of väckautanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with väckavidarefurthervidare · adverbmodifies gick - 69
He had to search quite a while before he came upon any more wild geese.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sökafickhad tofå · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sökasökasearchsöka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencerättquiterätt · adverbmodifies längelängelonglänge · adverbmodifies sökainnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of råkadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkaderåkadecame uponråka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sökanågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vildgässflermorefler · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vildgässvildgässwild geesevildgäss · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of råkade But then, on a little hillock, he noticed something that resembled a gray tussock.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies märktemärktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märktepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking kulleenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kullelitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kullekullehillockkulle · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies någotnågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of märktesomthatsom · pronounsubject of liktThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to liktliktresembledlikt · adverbrelative clause on någotenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tuvagrågraygrå · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tuvatuvatussocktuva · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of liktAnd when he came to the foot of the hillock, he saw that the gray tussock was Akka from Kebnekaise, standing there wide awake and looking about, as though she were keeping watch over the whole valley.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sågframforwardfram · adverbdepends on komtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking fotkullenshillock'skull · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of fotfotfootfot · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komsågsawsåga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceMislemmatized: surface is 'såg', the past tense of se ('to see'/'looked'), in both examples ('såg han sig om' = 'looked around'), not a form of såga ('to saw'). Gloss corrected to 'saw' (as in 'he saw/looked').
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of Akkadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tuvangråagraygrå · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies tuvantuvantussocktuva · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Akkavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to AkkaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativeclausal complement of sågproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
frånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking KebnekajseKebnekajseKebnekaiseKebnekajse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of AkkaMountain in Lapland; Akka's epithet 'from Kebnekajse.'
somwhosom · pronounsubject of stodThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
stodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Kebnekajsedärtheredär · adverbmodifies stodalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies klarvakenklarvakenwide awakeklarvak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodpast tense of se, 'to see.'
sigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sågomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies sågsomas ifsom · pronounintroduces the clause of hölleThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of höllehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllehöllewere keeping watchhölle · verb, past, indicative, activeclause modifying stodArchaic subjunctive form of 'hålla' (to hold), used in 'som om...' clauses.
vaktwatchvakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hölleöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking dalenhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies dalendalenvalleydal · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hölle- 70
»Good day, Mother Akka!» said the boy.
Goddaggood dayGoddag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasemormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with GoddagAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Goddagproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade »It's good that you're awake.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to brabragoodbra · adjective, nominativehead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vakenniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vakensecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to vakenvakenawakevak · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on braAll four examples in this chunk use "vaken" as the adjective (awake), not the noun "vak" (ice-hole); the primary gloss should be "awake" here, though the ice-hole noun sense also occurs elsewhere in the book under this same conflated surface.
Please be kind enough not to wake the others just yet, for I would like to speak with you alone.»
Niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of snällsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
skawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of snällvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to snällsnällkindsnäll · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies väckaväckato wakeväcka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with snälldetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of andrasurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
andraothersannan · pronoun, pluraldirect object of väckaänthanän · prepositionmodifies väckapåforpå · prepositionpreposition marking stundenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of väckaförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of talajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of talagärnawould likegärna · adverbmodifies talaType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
talato speaktala · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on snällmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of talaensamaloneensam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of tala- 71
The old lead goose rushed down the hillock toward the boy.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of förargåsengamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies förargåsenförargåsenlead gooseförargås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rusaderusaderushedrusa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceutfördownutföra · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on rusadeFunctions here as the adverb/preposition "down" (utför trappan/kullen), not the unrelated verb utföra ("to perform").
kullenhillockkull · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of utförnerdownner · adverbmodifies utförmottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ner First she seized hold of him and shook him, then she stroked her bill up and down along his whole body, and then she shook him again.
Förstfirstförst · adverbmodifies fattadefattadeseized holdfatta · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on strökhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fattadetagholdtag · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on fattadeiofi · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tagochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationruskadeshookruska · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fattadehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of ruskadesåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on strökströkstrokedströk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasePast tense of stryka, mistagged as an adjective.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ströknäbbenbeaknäbbe · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of strökuppupupp · adverbmodifies strökochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase uppnerdownner · adverbpart of the phrase upplängsalonglängs · adverbpreposition marking kropphelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies kropphanshishan · pronounpossessor of kroppkroppbodykropp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of strökochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies ruskaderuskadeshookruska · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with strökhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ruskadehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of ruskadepåagainpå · prepositionpreposition marking nyttnyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ruskadeBut she said nothing, since he had asked her not to wake the others.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sadeeftersomsinceeftersom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of betthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of betthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bettbettaskedbet · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sadeSupine 'bett' of be (to ask/pray), unrelated to bita (to bite).
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of väckahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väckaintenotinte · particlemodifies väckaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of väckaväckato wakeväcka · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of bettdetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralindirect object of väckasurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
andraothersannan · pronoun, pluraldirect object of väcka- 72
Thumbietot kissed old Mother Akka on both cheeks, and then began to tell her how he had been carried off to Skansen and kept there in captivity.
TummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativesubject of kysstethe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
kysstekissedkysste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of morgamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies mormormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kyssteAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of kyssteproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking kindernabådabothbåda · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kindernakindernathe cheekskindern · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kyssteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsedanthensedan · adverbmodifies börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kysstehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadeberättato tellberätta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadeförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of berättahurhowhur · adverbmodifies blivithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · auxiliary verb, active, supineadverbial clause on börjadefördcarried offföra · verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominativecomplement of blivittilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking SkansenSkansenSkansenSkansen · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of fördochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkvarhållenheld captivekvarhåll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Skansendärtheredär · adverbmodifies blivitiin captivityi · prepositionpreposition marking fångenskapfångenskapcaptivityfångenskap · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of där - 73
»Now I must tell you that Smirre Fox, with the bitten-off ear, was sitting captive in the fox den at Skansen,» said the boy.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies talaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of talajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talatalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceomtellom · prepositiondepends on talaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of talaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sattSmirreSmirreSmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativesubject of rävmistagged as a comparative adjective; this is the proper name of the fox character.
rävfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking öratdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of öratavbitnabitten-offavbiten · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies öratöratearöra · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies rävsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of talafångencaptivefång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sattPredicate use of the past participle of fånga ('to catch'); tagged as noun but functions adjectivally.
icaptivei · prepositionpreposition marking rävboeträvboetthe fox denrävboe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sattpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking SkansenSkansenSkansenSkansen · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of sattsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade »And although he had been very hard on us, I couldn't help feeling it was a pity for him.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfastalthoughfast · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on svårHere used as the concessive conjunction 'though', not the adjective 'firm'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svårhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of svårvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to svårbraverybra · adverbmodifies svårsvårhardsvår · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasemotonmot · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of svårkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of låtajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låtaintenotinte · particlemodifies låtalåtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to svårblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låtaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tyckainfinitive marker before a verb.
tyckato thinktycka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on låtaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of synddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of syndvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to syndsynda pitysynd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of låtaomforom · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of syndThere were many other foxes in the great fox enclosure, and they seemed to thrive well enough, but Smirre always sat looking miserable and longing for his freedom.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
mångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies andraandraothersannan · pronoun, pluralmodifies rävarrävarfoxesräva · verb, present, indicative, activesubject of fannstagged as a verb form but every occurrence is the plural noun 'rävar' (foxes); glossed as the noun it actually is.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking rävborgendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rävborgenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies rävborgenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
rävborgenthe fox enclosurerävborg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fannsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of passive trivdestrivdesfelt at hometriv · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with fannslemma abbreviated from trivas; 'trivdes' = felt at home/thrived.
brawell enoughbra · adverbmodifies trivdesnogenoughnog · adverbmodifies trivdesmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationSmirreSmirreSmirre · pronoun, pluralsubject of sattProper name (the fox), mistagged as a plural pronoun.
sattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fannsjämtconstantlyjämt · adverbmodifies sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattbedrövaddistressedbedrövad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of sågutlookut · adverbdepends on bedrövadochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlängtadelongedlängtad · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with bedrövadPast tense of the verb 'längta' (to long/yearn); mistagged as an adjective.
efterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking frihetenfrihetenfreedomfrihet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bedrövadI had made many good friends there, and one day I heard from the Lapp dog that a man had come to Skansen to buy foxes.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttfåttmadefå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencemångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vännergodagoodgod · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vännervännerfriendsvänn · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of fåttdärtheredär · adverbmodifies fåttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hörafickheardfå · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörahörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with fåttavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking lapphundenlapphundenthe Lapp doglapphund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularagent of höraattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommitenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of manmanmanman · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on fåtttilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking SkansenSkansenSkansenSkansen · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of kommitförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of köpaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of köpainfinitive marker before a verb.
köpato buyköpa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kommiträvarfoxesrävar · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of köpaPlural 'foxes' (from 'räv'), mistagged here as neuter singular.
He was from an island far out at sea.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking öenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ööislandö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of långtlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies uteuteoutsideute · adverbmodifies variat seai · prepositionpreposition marking havethavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of uteThey had exterminated all the foxes out on his island, but now the rats were beginning to get the upper hand there, and they wished the foxes back.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of utrotathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of utrotatutrotatexterminatedutrota · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceallaallall · pronoun, pluraldeterminer of rävarrävarfoxesräva · verb, present, indicative, activedirect object of utrotattagged as a verb form but every occurrence is the plural noun 'rävar' (foxes); glossed as the noun it actually is.
bortaout onborta · adverbmodifies rävarpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking öhanshishan · pronounpossessor of ööislandö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rävarmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies höllhöllwere beginninghålla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with utrotatråttornathe ratsråttorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of höllpåbeginningpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of taatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tainfinitive marker before a verb.
tato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on höllöverhandthe upper handöverhand · adverbdepends on taUsed in 'ta överhand' (to gain the upper hand/take over).
hoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of taochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of önskadeönskadewantedönska · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with höllrävarnathe foxesräv · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of önskadetillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies önskadeAs soon as I learned this, I went to Smirre's cage and said to him: 'Tomorrow, Smirre, the people will come here to fetch a pair of foxes.
Såasså · adverbmodifies vetasnartsoonsnart · adverbpart of the phrase SåjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vetafåttlearnedfå · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of veta"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
vetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gickdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of vetagickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gicktilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking burSmirresSmirre'ssmirres · proper noun, genitivemodifies burburcagebur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gicktilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sadeItomorrowi · prepositionhead of the phrasemorgonmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase ISmirreSmirreSmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativepart of the phrase Imistagged as a comparative adjective; this is the proper name of the fox character.
kommerwillkomma · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of människornamänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Ihitherehit · adverbmodifies människornaförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of hämtaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hämtainfinitive marker before a verb.
hämtato fetchhämta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on människornaettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies rävarrävarfoxesräv · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of hämtaDon't sneak away then, but stay out in the open and see to it that you get caught, so you'll get your freedom back!'
Smygsneaksmyg · proper noun, nominativedepends on fårdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularsubject of Smygdåthendå · adverbmodifies Smygintenotinte · particlemodifies Smygundanawayundan · adverbdepends on Smygutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
hålldirectionshåll · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralpart of the phrase utandigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase utanframmein the openframme · nouncoordinated with Smygochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlagato see to itlaga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with frammeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blirduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on Smyginfångadcaughtinfångad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blirsåsoså · adverbadverbial clause on fårfårwill getfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fårdinyourdu · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of frihetfrihetfreedomfrihet · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fårtillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies fårAnd he took my advice, and now he runs free about the island.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lyddelyddeobeyedlydde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemittmymitt · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of rådrådadviceråd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of lyddeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies springerspringerrunsspringa · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with lyddehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of springerfrifreefri · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of springeromkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies springerpåaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking önönthe islandön · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of omkringSame common noun (definite form of ö, island), mistagged here as a proper noun.
What do you say to that, Mother Akka?
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sägersägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägersecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
omtoom · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of sägermormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with dettaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of sägerproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
Was that done to your liking?»
Varwasvar · adverbmodifies handlatdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase Varhandlatactedhandla · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceeftertoefter · prepositionpreposition marking sinneertyourert · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of sinnesinnelikingsinne · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of handlat- 74
»That was done in such a way that I myself would have wished to do it,» said the lead goose.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of handlatvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to handlathandlatactedhandla · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesåin such a wayså · adverbmodifies handlatattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of velatjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of velatskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of velathahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of velatvelatwantedvela · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sadelemma should be vilja 'to want'; velat is its supine form.
göradogöra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of velatdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of görasjälvmyselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies görasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to handlatförargåsenlead gooseförargås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade - 75
»Well, it's good that you were pleased with that,» said the boy.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varvarwerevara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedåwelldå · adverbmodifies varvälgoodväl · adverbmodifies varattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of nöjdniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of nöjdsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to nöjdnöjdpleasednöjd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of varmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of nöjdsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to varpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade »Now there's one more thing I must ask you about.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies sakärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to sakdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sakenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of saksakthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasetillmoretill · prepositionpreposition marking saksomthatsom · pronoundirect object of frågaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of frågafrågato askfråga · verb, active, infinitivedepends on sakeryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of frågaomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking frågaOne day I saw that Gorgo, the eagle, the one who had fought with Morten Goosey-Gander, was brought captive to Skansen and put into the eagle cage.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fördesGorgoGorgoGorgo · proper noun, nominativesubject of passive fördesProper name of an eagle character.
örneneagleörn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Gorgodeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularcoordinated with Gorgodärtheredär · adverbmodifies kämpatsomwhosom · pronounsubject of kämpatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kämpatkämpatfoughtkämpa · verb, active, supinecoordinated with Gorgomedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking gåskarlMårtenMortenMårten · proper noun, nominativepossessor of gåskarlthe studio translation renders this name as 'Morten'.
gåskarlgandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kämpatfördeswas broughtföra · verb, past, indicative, passiveclause modifying dagfångencaptivefång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive fördesPredicate use of the past participle of fånga ('to catch'); tagged as noun but functions adjectivally.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking SkansenSkansenSkansenSkansen · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of fördesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsatteswas putsattes · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with fördesininin · adverbdepends on sattesiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking örnburenörnburenthe eagle cageörnbure · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattesHe looked pitiful and miserable, and I considered filing through the wire netting over him and setting him free.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
ömkligpitifulömklig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies utochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbedrövligpitifulbedrövlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ömkligutlookut · adverbdepends on sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of funderadefunderadeponderedfundera · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sågpåaboutpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of filaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of filainfinitive marker before a verb.
filato filefila · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on funderadesönderapart/brokensönder · adverbdepends on filaståltrådstaketthe wire nettingståltrådstak · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of filaöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of filaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsläppasetting freesläppa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with funderadeutfreeut · adverbdepends on släppahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of släppaBut then I also thought about how he was a dangerous robber and bird-eater.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkteocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies tänktepåaboutpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of rövareattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of rövarehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rövarevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to rövareenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rövarefarligdangerousfarlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies rövarerövarerobberrövare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tänkteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfågelätarebird-eaterfågelätare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with rövarea predator that eats birds, i.e. bird of prey.
I did not know whether I would be doing right if I set loose such a wrongdoer, and I thought it might perhaps be best to let him sit where he was.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies vissteomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gjordejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on vissterättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gjordeifallififall · adverbintroduces the clause of släppteFunctions as the conjunction 'if/in case'.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of släpptesläpptereleasedsläppte · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on visstelöslooselös · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of släppteenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of illgärningsmansådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies illgärningsmansån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
illgärningsmanevildoerillgärningsman · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lösochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with släppteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bästdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with bästvorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to bästkanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies bästbästbestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativeclausal complement of tyckteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of låtainfinitive marker before a verb.
låtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitivedepends on bästhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of låtasittato sitsitta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låtadärtheredär · adverbmodifies satthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sittaWhat do you say, Mother Akka?
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sägersägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägersecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
mormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägerAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of sägerproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
Was that rightly thought?»
Varwasvar · adverbintroduces the clause of tänktdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tänkträttrightlyrätt · adverbmodifies tänkttänktthoughttänka · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasetagged as adjective but is the neuter past participle 'tänkt' (thought) of tänka.
- 76
»That was not rightly thought,» said Akka.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies tänktvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tänktdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tänkträttrightlyrätt · adverbmodifies tänkttänktthoughttänka · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasetagged as adjective but is the neuter past participle 'tänkt' (thought) of tänka.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tänktAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
»One may say what one likes about eagles, but they are prouder and more freedom-loving than other animals, and it will not do to keep them in captivity.
Manoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägamåmaymå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of villmanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villvillwantsvilja · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of sägaomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking örnarnaörnarnaeaglesörn · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of villmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of stoltaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to stoltastoltaproudstolt · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with villochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfrihetsälskandefreedom-lovingfrihetsälskande · adjective, nominativecoordinated with stoltamermoremycket · adverbmodifies stoltaänthanän · prepositionpreposition marking djurandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies djurdjuranimalsdjur · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of stoltaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with villintenotinte · particlemodifies gårandoan · adverbdepends on gårUsed only in the fixed idiom 'gå an' meaning 'to be all right/permitted'.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hållainfinitive marker before a verb.
hållato keep in captivityhålla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gårdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of hållaiin captivityi · prepositionpreposition marking fångenskapfångenskapcaptivityfångenskap · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hållaDo you know what I now propose to you?
Vetdo you knowVet · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Vetvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of föreslårjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of föreslårnunownu · adverbmodifies föreslårföreslårproposeföreslå · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of Vetdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of föreslårWhy, this: that the two of us, as soon as you have rested, make a journey down there to the great bird prison and free Gorgo.»
Jowell/yesjo · interjectiondepends on dettaused to affirm or answer a question, often contradicting an implied doubt.
dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of görattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vilatviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vilatbådabothbåda · pronoun, pluralmodifies visåasså · adverbintroduces the clause of vilatfortfastfort · adverbpart of the phrase såsomassom · subordinating conjunctionoblique complement of vilatduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vilatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of vilatvilatrestedvila · verb, active, supinedepends on dettautfullyut · adverbdepends on vilatgördoesgöra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of resaresajourneyresa · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gördittheredit · adverbmodifies görnerdownner · adverbmodifies görtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking fågelfängelsetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of fågelfängelsetstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies fågelfängelsetweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
fågelfängelsetthe bird prisonfågelfängels · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of görochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbefriarfreebefria · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with görGorgoGorgoGorgo · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of befriarProper name of an eagle character; mistagged as a common noun plural.
- 77
»That's just the word I expected from you, Mother Akka,» said the boy.
Detaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ordetordetwordord · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of väntadeväntadeexpectedvänta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väntademigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of väntadeavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of väntademormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with erAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of väntadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to väntadepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade »There are those who say that you no longer feel any love for the one you raised with so much effort, because he lives as eagles must live.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsfinnsthere arefinnas · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of finnssomwhosom · pronounsubject of sägerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
sägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on deattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kännerniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kännersecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
intenotinte · particlemodifies kännermerlongermycket · adverbmodifies kännerkännerfeelskänna · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of sägernågonnonågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kärlekkärleklovekärlek · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kännerförforför · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of kännersomwhosom · pronounoblique complement of harThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
harhasha · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on denuppfostratraiseduppfostra · verb, active, supinecomplement of harmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking mödasåsoså · adverbmodifies myckenmyckenmuchmycken · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies mödamödaeffortmöda · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hardärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of leverattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därförhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of leverleverlivesleva · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kännersåasså · adverbmodifies leversomassom · pronounsubject of levaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
örnareaglesörna · verb, present, indicative, activesubject of levamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of levalevato liveleva · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on leverBut now I hear that this is not true.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies hörhörhearshöra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of santdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of santintenotinte · particlemodifies santärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to santsanttruesant · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of hörI will now go see whether Morten Goosey-Gander is not awake, and if in the meantime you'd like to say a word of thanks to the one who carried me back here to you, I believe you'll find him up there on the rocky shelf, where you once found a helpless eaglet.»
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sevillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of senunownu · adverbmodifies seseseese · verb, active, infinitivedepends on troreftercheckefter · prepositiondepends on seomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vakenMårtenMortenMårten · proper noun, nominativesubject of vakenthe studio translation renders this name as 'Morten'.
gåskarlgandergåskarl · adverbmodifies Mårten'Gåskarl' is a noun meaning 'gander', mistagged here as an adverb; used as the goose-character's epithet Mårten gåskarl.
intenotinte · particlemodifies vakenärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to vakenvakenawakevak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of seAll four examples in this chunk use "vaken" as the adjective (awake), not the noun "vak" (ice-hole); the primary gloss should be "awake" here, though the ice-hole noun sense also occurs elsewhere in the book under this same conflated surface.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of säganiyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
underin the meantimeunder · prepositionpreposition marking tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sägavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with seettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ordordwordord · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sägatillof thankstill · prepositionpreposition marking dentackthankstack · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase tillåttoåt · prepositionpart of the phrase tilldenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of sägasomwhosom · pronounsubject of buritThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of buritburitcarriedburit · verb, active, supinerelative clause on denmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of burithitherehit · adverbmodifies burittillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies burittilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of tillbakasåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trorattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of träffarniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of träffarsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
träffarfindträffa · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of trorhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of träffardäroppeup theredäroppe · adverbdirect object of träffarpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking klipphyllanklipphyllanrock shelfklipphylla · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of träffardärtheredär · adverbmodifies fannniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fannfannfoundfann · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on träffarenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of örnungehjälplöshelplesshjälplös · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies örnungeörnungeeagletörnunge · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fann
The particulars
- The text
- Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige, Selma Lagerlöf. The Wonderful Adventures of Nils.
- Translation
- Public-domain Swedish (Lagerlöf, d. 1940; published 1906–07). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
- Words
- Every word of the text, by letter.
- Data
- JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents