Swedish · The Wonderful Adventures of Nils
Sägner från Härjedalen
Legends from Härjedalen
Tap a sentence to open its words.
- 1
The boy grew uneasy, because the tourists lingered so long in the lookout tower.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceoroligtroubledorolig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevdärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of stannadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därförturisternathe touriststurist · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of stannadestannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on oroligsåsoså · adverbmodifies längelängelonglänge · adverbmodifies stannadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking utsiktstornetutsiktstornetlookout towerutsiktstorne · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stannade Morten Goosey-Gander could not come and fetch him while they remained there, and he well knew that the wild geese were in a hurry to continue the journey.
MårtenMortenMårten · proper noun, nominativepossessor of gåskarlthe studio translation renders this name as 'Morten'.
gåskarlgandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommaintenotinte · particlemodifies kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhämtato fetchhämta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kommahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of kommamedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vorodetheyde · determiner, pluralsubject of voroThis type's own examples show 'de' used as the plain personal pronoun "they" (de voro ovanligt strävsamma = "they were unusually...") as often as the determiner "the" (de andra = "the others"); a fixed gloss of "the" mis-renders every pronoun occurrence.
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on kommaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
kvarstill therekvar · adverbmodifies voroochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kommajuwellju · adverbmodifies vissteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bråttvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bråttattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bråttbråttin a hurrybrå · verb, active, supineclausal complement of vissteIdiom 'ha brått' = to be in a hurry.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fortsättainfinitive marker before a verb.
fortsättato continuefortsätta · verb, active, infinitivedepends on bråttresanjourneyresa · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fortsättaIn the middle of the story he had seemed to hear goose-cackle and strong wingbeats, quite as if the wild geese had flown away.
Mittunderin the midst ofMittunder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies berättelsenFunctions as the preposition/adverb 'mittunder' (in the very midst of), not as a noun.
berättelsenstoryberättelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tyckthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckttycktthoughttycka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tyckthörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tycktgåskackelgoose-cacklegåskackel · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of höraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstarkastrongstark · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vingslagvingslagwingbeatsvingslag · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with gåskackelalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies flugitsomas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of flugitomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of flugitvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flugitattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
skullehadskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flugithahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of flugitflugitflownfluga · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on tycktbortawaybort · adverbdepends on flugitBut he had not dared venture to the balustrade to find out how things stood.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vågathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vågatintenotinte · particlemodifies vågatvågatdaredvåga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vågatframforwardfram · adverbmodifies vågattilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking balustradenbalustradenthe balustradebalustrad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of framförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of taatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tainfinitive marker before a verb.
tato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on vågatredafind outreda · adverbdepends on tapart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påoutpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of förhöllhurhowhur · adverbmodifies förhöllsakenthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förhöllförhöllwasförhöll · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on taFrom förhålla sig, 'to be the case'; 'det förhöll sig så att' = 'the truth was that'.
sigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of förhöll- 2
When the tourists had finally gone and the boy could creep out of his hiding place, he saw no wild geese down on the ground, and no Morten Goosey-Gander came to fetch him.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gångnaturisternathe touriststurist · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of gångnaäntligenfinallyäntligen · adverbmodifies gångnavorowerevoro · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activedepends on gångnaArchaic plural past tense of vara ("to be").
gångnagonegångna · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of krypakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of krypakrypato creepkrypa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gångnaframforwardfram · adverbdepends on krypaurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking gömställesitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of gömställepossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
gömställehiding placegömställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of krypasågsawsåägg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast tense of 'se' (to see), despite the odd lemma spelling.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågingano/noneingen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vildgässvildgässwild geesevildgäss · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of sågneredownnere · adverbmodifies sågpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nereochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of MårtenMårtenMortenMårten · proper noun, nominativemodifies gåskarlthe studio translation renders this name as 'Morten'.
gåskarlgandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhämtadefetchedhämta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with komhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of kom He called out, "Where are you?
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropaderopadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceVarwherevar · adverbhead of the phraseärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to Varduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärHere I am," as loudly as he was able, but his travel companions did not appear.
Härherehär · adverbmodifies ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärsåasså · adverbmodifies högthögtloudlyhög · adverbmodifies »this type bundles the positive, comparative, and superlative degree forms (högt, högre, högst) under one entry.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förmåddeförmåddecould manageförmåd · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ärFrom förmå, 'to be able to'; here in 'allt vad han förmådde' = 'as fast as he could manage'.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationreskamraternatraveling companionsreskamrat · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of visadevisadeshowedvisa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ärsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of visadeintenotinte · particlemodifies visadeHe did not think for a moment that they had abandoned him, but he was afraid they had met with an accident, and he wondered how he should go about finding them, when Bataki the raven swooped down beside him.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of troddetroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies troddeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ögonblickögonblickmomentögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of troddeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of övergivitdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of övergivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of övergivitövergivitabandonedövergivi · verb, active, supineclause modifying ögonblickhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of övergivitmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räddvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to räddräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with troddeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of råkatdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of råkathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkatråkatmet withråka · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on räddutwithut · adverbdepends on råkatförwithför · prepositionpreposition marking olyckaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of olyckaolyckamisfortuneolycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of råkatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationundradewonderedundra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with råkathurhowhur · adverbmodifies bärahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bäraskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bärabärato carrybära · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of undradesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bäraåtabout itåt · prepositiondepends on bäraförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of fåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fåfindfå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on bäraredafind outreda · adverbdepends on fåpart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påfindpå · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of fådåwhendå · adverbmodifies BatakiBatakiBatakibataki · proper noun, nominativesubject of slogkorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Batakislogswooped downslå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on räddLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
nerdownner · adverbdepends on slogbredvidbesidebredvid · prepositionmodifies sloghonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of slog- 3
The boy had never imagined that he would come to greet Bataki with so glad a welcome as he now did.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of anathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of anataldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies anatanatimaginedana · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of anatattthatatt · subordinating conjunctiondepends on kommahälsagreethälsa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase attBoth given examples are the verb hälsa, not the noun: 'hälsa på i varenda gård' = 'to visit every farm', 'låter nu hälsa dig' = 'sends word/greeting to you'. The tagged noun sense ('health') is not attested in these examples; flagging as context-dependent since the surface is shared between noun and verb.
BatakiBatakibataki · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kommaProper name (the raven), mistagged as a common noun.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking välkommenettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of välkommensåsoså · adverbmodifies glattglattgladglat · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies välkommenvälkommena welcomevälkommen · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies Batakisomassom · pronoundirect object of gjordeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordenunownu · adverbmodifies gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Bataki "Dear Bataki," he said, "how good it was that you came here!
KäraDearkära · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies BatakiBatakiBatakibataki · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of väldetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of välvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to välvälgoodväl · adverbclausal complement of sadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on välhitherehit · adverbmodifies komDo you perhaps know what has become of Morten Goosey-Gander and the wild geese?"
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies vetvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of blivitdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blivitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineclausal complement of vetavofav · prepositionpreposition marking gåskarlMårtenMortenMårten · proper noun, nominativepossessor of gåskarlthe studio translation renders this name as 'Morten'.
gåskarlgandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies blivitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with gåskarlattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
— "I come with greetings from them, in fact," the raven answered.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejustjustjust · adverbmodifies hälsningarmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hälsningarhälsningargreetingshälsning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kommerfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of kommersvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to kommerkorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svarade"Akka noticed that a hunter was roaming about here on the mountain, and so she didn't dare stay and wait for you, but has gone on ahead.
AkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of märkteproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
märktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of strövadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of jägarejägarehunterjägare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of strövadeströvaderoamedströva · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of märkteomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies bergethärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase omkringpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking bergetbergetmountainberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of strövadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärförsodärför · adverbmodifies tordestordesdaredtora · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with märkteHistorical past form of töras, ‘dare’.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive tordesintenotinte · particlemodifies stannastannastaystanna · verb, active, infinitivedirect object of märkteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationväntato waitvänta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with stannapåforpå · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of väntautanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of restresttraveledrest · verb, active, supinecoordinated with märkteiaheadi · prepositionmodifies restförvägadvanceförväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iAlmost always in the phrase 'i förväg', meaning 'ahead/in advance'.
Climb up on my back now, and you shall be with your friends again in a little while!"
Sättclimb upsätt · verb, imperative, activesubject of oppdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of Sättnunownu · adverbmodifies oppoppupoppa · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on varaDialectal form of upp ("up"), a particle, not a finite verb; the parser mistagged it.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking ryggminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of ryggpossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
ryggbackrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of oppsåandså · adverbadverbial clause on varaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varavarabevara · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencehoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking vännerdinayourdu · pronoun, pluralpossessor of vännerThis entry is really the possessive "dina" (plural agreement), mistagged under the lemma du.
vännerfriendsvänn · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of varaomifom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking stundenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vänner- 4
The boy quickly settled himself on the raven's back, and Bataki would surely soon have caught up with the wild geese, had not the fog hindered him.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattesattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sattemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hastallallall · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hasthasthastehast · nounoblique complement of sattetillintill · prepositionpreposition marking korpryggenrättasettledrätta · noun, common genderpart of the phrase tillThe gloss 'order' doesn't fit any of the four examples, which are three distinct idioms built on the noun 'rätta' (the right/correct state), not a standalone noun meaning 'order'.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking korpryggenkorpryggenraven's backkorprygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of satteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationBatakiBatakibataki · proper noun, nominativesubject of hunnitskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hunnitnogsurelynog · adverbmodifies hunnitsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies hunnithahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of hunnithunnitcaught uphinna · verb, active, supinecoordinated with satteuppupupp · adverbdepends on hunnitvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hunnitattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hindratintenotinte · particlemodifies hindratdimmanthe fogdimma · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hindrathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hindrathindrathinderedhindra · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hunnithonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hindrat But it was as if the morning sun had roused it to life anew.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesomas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of väcktomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of väcktmorgonsolenmorning sunmorgonsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väcktskullehadskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of väckthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of väcktväcktrousedväcka · verb, active, supineclausal complement of vardenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of väckttillto lifetill · prepositionpreposition marking livlivlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of väcktpåanewpå · prepositionpreposition marking nyttnyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies livSmall light veils of mist rose up at once from the lake, from the fields, and from the forest.
SmåsmallSmå · adverbmodifies lättalättalightlätt · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dunstslöjordunstslöjorveils of mistdunstslöja · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of höjdehöjderaisedhöja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of höjdepåat oncepå · prepositionpreposition marking gångenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of höjdeurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gångurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking åkrarnaåkrarnafieldsåkr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of höjdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with åkrarnaThey thickened and spread with astonishing speed, and soon the earth was hidden by white, billowing fog.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of tätnadetätnadethickenedtätna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbreddespreadbre · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tätnadeutoutut · adverbdepends on breddesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of breddemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hastförunderligwondrousförunderlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hasthasthurryhast · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bredde'i en hast' = 'on the spot/in a hurry'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to bortskymdjordenearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bortskymdbortskymdhiddenbortskymd · adverbcoordinated with tätnadeavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking dimmorvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dimmorböljandebillowingbölja · adjective, nominativemodifies dimmordimmormistsdimmor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of bortskymd- 5
Bataki flew on above the fog in clear air and bright sunshine, but the wild geese must have been faring down among the masses of mist.
BatakiBatakibataki · proper noun, nominativesubject of flögflögflewflög · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceActually the past tense of flyga ('to fly'), mistagged here as present.
framforwardfram · adverbmodifies flögovanföraboveovanför · adverbmodifies flögdimmanthe fogdimma · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of flögiamidi · prepositionpreposition marking luftklarclearklar · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies luftluftairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flögochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstrålanderadiantstrålande · adjective, nominativemodifies solskensolskensunshinesolsk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with luftLemma is truncated; the word is 'solsken' (sunshine).
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of faritattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
måttemustmåtte · adverbmodifies vildgässenModal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means "must"; the perfect sense ("must have") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain "must."
hahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of faritfarittraveledfara · verb, active, supinecoordinated with flögneredownnere · adverbmodifies faritblandamongbland · prepositionpreposition marking dunstmassornadunstmassornathe masses of mistdunstmassorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of nere It was impossible to catch sight of them.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with omöjligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to omöjligtomöjligtimpossibleomöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fåcatch sight offå · verb, active, infinitivedepends on omöjligtsynsightsyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of fåThe boy and the raven shrieked and called, but they got no answer.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpossessor of skrekoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Pojkenskrekoshriekedskreko · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseBackbone mistags this as a noun; skreko is the archaic plural past tense of skrika, 'to shriek/screech'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with skrekomenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of fingofingogotfingo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with skrekoMistagged as a noun; fingo is the archaic plural past tense of få ("got/were given").
intenotinte · particlemodifies svarnågotanynågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of svarsvaranswersvar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with skreko"This is a real piece of bad luck," Bataki said at last.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sadehärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase Detvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activepart of the phrase Detdåindeeddå · adverbpart of the phrase varenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of oturriktigrealriktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies oturoturbad luckotur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceBatakiBatakibataki · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sadeName of the raven Bataki; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a common noun.
tillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies sadesistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase till"But we do know that they're heading south, and as soon as it clears, I'll surely track them down."
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejudoju · adverbmodifies vetattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skaffadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of farfargoesfara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skaffasome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
motsouthmot · prepositionpreposition marking södersödersouthsöder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of farochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåasså · adverbmodifies blirsnartsoonsnart · adverbpart of the phrase sådetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on klartklartclearklar · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on skaffaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of skaffajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skaffanogsurelynog · adverbmodifies skaffaskaffato getskaffa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of vetredafind outreda · adverbdepends on skaffapart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påfindpå · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of skaffa- 6
The boy was quite grieved at having been parted from Morten Goosey-Gander just now, when they were on their journey and the great white gander might run into all manner of dangers.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bedrövadvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to bedrövadalltquiteallt · adverbmodifies bedrövadbedrövaddistressedbedrövad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseöveratöver · prepositionintroduces the clause of blivitatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hainfinitive marker before a verb.
hahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on bedrövadskildseparatedskild · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking MårtenMårtenMortenMårten · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of gåskarlthe studio translation renders this name as 'Morten'.
gåskarlgandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blivitjustjustjust · adverbmodifies nununownu · adverbmodifies blivitnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of befunnodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of befunnobefunnowere (located)befunno · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on blivitArchaic plural past tense of befinna sig (they found themselves), not an adjective.
sigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of befunnopåjourneypå · prepositionpreposition marking resaresajourneyresa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of befunnoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vitestorebigstore · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies viteWeak-declension form of 'stor'.
vitewhite gandervite · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of råkakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkaråkarun intoråka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of blivitutintout · adverbdepends on råkaförintoför · prepositionpreposition marking farorallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of farormöjligaall manner ofmöjlig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies farorfarordangersfara · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of råka But when he had sat and fretted for a couple of hours, he said to himself that no misfortune had happened yet, and that it wasn't worth losing his good spirits over.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of suttithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of suttithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of suttitsuttitsatsutta · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sadeArchaic spelling of suttit, the supine of sitta ("to sit").
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationängslatsfrettedängslats · verb, passive, supinecoordinated with suttitettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies timmartimmarhourstimme · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of suttitsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of sadesjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sigattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadeännuyetännu · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skettjuafter allju · adverbmodifies skettingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of olyckaolyckamisfortuneolycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skettsketthappenedske · verb, active, supineparallel clause to sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies värtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to värtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with värtintenotinte · particlemodifies värtvärtworthvärd · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with skettatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förlorainfinitive marker before a verb.
förlorato loseförlora · verb, active, infinitivedepends on värtsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of humörpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
godagoodgod · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies humörhumörgood spiritshumör · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of förlora- 7
Just then he heard a rooster crowing down on the ground, and at once he leaned forward over the raven's back and called out, "What is the name of the land I'm flying over?
Justjustjust · adverbmodifies detsammaijust theni · prepositionpreposition marking detsammadetsammathendetsamma · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tupptupproostertupp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hördegalacrowgal · adjective, nominative, singularcomplement of hördeneredownnere · adverbmodifies hördepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking jordenjordenearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nereochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies lutadelutadeleanedluta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hördehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lutadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of lutadeframforwardfram · adverbmodifies lutadeöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking korpryggenkorpryggenraven's backkorprygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of framochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lutadeVadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of heterheteris calledheta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencelandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of hetersomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of farThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of farfartravels/fliesfara · verb, present, indicative, activein apposition to heterVildgässen far = the wild geese fly/travel; used generically for travel by any means.
framforwardfram · adverbmodifies faröveroveröver · prepositionmodifies far What is the name of the land I'm flying over?"
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of heterheteris calledheta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencelandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of hetersomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of farThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of farfartravels/fliesfara · verb, present, indicative, activein apposition to heterVildgässen far = the wild geese fly/travel; used generically for travel by any means.
framforwardfram · adverbdepends on faröveroveröver · adverbmodifies far— "It's called Härjedalen, Härjedalen, Härjedalen," crowed the rooster.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with heterheteris calledheta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceHärjedalenHärjedalenhärjedal · proper noun, nominativesubject of heterHärjedalenHärjedalenHärjedalen · proper noun, nominativein apposition to heterName of a Swedish province.
HärjedalenHärjedalenHärjedalen · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with HärjedalenName of a Swedish province.
golcrowedgol · adverbdepends on hetertuppenroostertupp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of heter— "What does it look like down where you are?" the boy asked.
Hurhowhur · adverbmodifies serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of serutlookut · adverbdepends on serneredownnere · adverbmodifies serhoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of nerefrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågade— "Mountains in the west, forest in the east, a broad river valley through the whole land," the rooster answered.
Fjällmountainsfjäll · proper noun, nominativesubject of svaradeito the westi · prepositionpreposition marking västervästerwestväster · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Fjällskogforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with västerito the easti · prepositionpreposition marking österöstereastöster · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Fjällbredbroadbred · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ådalådalriver valleyådal · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Fjällgenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking landethelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ådalsvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetuppenroostertupp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svarade— "Thank you very much!
Tackthankstack · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of haskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of haduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceYou give a fine account of things," the boy called.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of görgördoesgöra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebrafinebra · adverbmodifies görredafind outreda · adverbdepends on görpart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
förofför · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of görropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to görpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropade- 8
When he had traveled on for a while longer, he heard a crow cawing down in the fog.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of restresttraveledrest · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on hördeänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking stundenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of resthördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kråkakråkacrowkråka · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hördekraxacawkraxa · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hördeneredownnere · adverbmodifies hördeiwithini · prepositionpreposition marking dimmandimmanthe fogdimman · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nere "What kind of people are there in this land?" he called out.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on finnsfinnsare therefinnas · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsförkind offör · prepositionpreposition marking människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of finnsiini · prepositionpreposition marking landetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of landethärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase detlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies människorropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropade— "Fine, good farming folk," the crow answered, "fine, good farming folk."
PräktigtfinePräktig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies bondfolkochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbragoodbra · adjective, nominativecoordinated with Präktigtbondfolkfarm folkbondfolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldepends on —svaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to bondfolkkråkancrowkråka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svaradepräktigtsplendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies bondfolkochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbragoodbra · adjective, nominativecoordinated with präktigtbondfolkfarm folkbondfolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with svarade— "What do they busy themselves with?" the boy asked.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of harharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activedepends on —detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of harförwithför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of harfrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågade"What do they busy themselves with?"
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of harharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of harförwithför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of har— "They keep livestock and fell timber," the crow cawed.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sköterskötertakes care ofsköta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceboskaplivestockboskap · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sköterochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhuggerfellhugga · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sköterskogforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of huggerkraxadecawedkraxa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sköterkråkancrowkråka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kraxade— "Thank you very much!
Tackthankstack · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of haskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of haduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceYou give a fine account of things," the boy called.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of görgördoesgöra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebrafinebra · adverbmodifies görredafind outreda · adverbdepends on görpart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
förofför · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of görropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to görpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropade- 9
A little farther on he heard a person humming and singing down in the fog.
Ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of styckestyckepiecestycke · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraselängrefartherlänge · adverbmodifies framframforwardfram · adverbmodifies hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on styckehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tralladeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of människamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tralladetralladehummedtralla · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of hördeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsjöngsangsjöng · verb, active, supinecoordinated with tralladeneredownnere · adverbdepends on sjöngiwithini · prepositionpreposition marking dimmandimmanthe fogdimman · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sjöng "Is there any large town in this land?" the boy asked.
Finnsis thereFinns · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentencePresent tense of 'finnas' (to exist/be found).
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with Finnsnågonanynågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stadstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stadstadtownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Finnsiini · prepositionpreposition marking landetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of landethärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase detlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of Finnsfrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågade— "What... What... who is that calling?" the person answered.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phraseVadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of vemvemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singularhead of the phraseärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to vemdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with vemsomthatsom · pronounsubject of roparThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
roparcallsropa · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on vemgenmäldeansweredgenmälde · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasemänniskanhuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of genmälde— "Is there any town in this district?" the boy repeated.
Finnsis thereFinns · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentencePresent tense of 'finnas' (to exist/be found).
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with Finnsnågonanynågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stadstadtownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Finnsiini · prepositionpreposition marking landskapetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of landskapethärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase detlandskapetdistrictlandskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of Finnsupprepaderepeatedupprepa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of upprepade— "I want to know who it is that's calling," the person shouted.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of vetavetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencevemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singulardeterminer of ,detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with ,ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to ,somthatsom · pronounsubject of roparThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
roparcallsropa · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of vetaskrekshriekedskrek · verb, past, indicative, activemodifies människanmänniskanhuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ropar— "I might have known I wouldn't get a straight answer out of asking a person," the boy called.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trokundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trovälmight have knownväl · adverbmodifies trotrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåintenotinte · particlemodifies fåskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfågetfå · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of tronågotanågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of beskedbeskedanswerbesked · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fånärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of frågadejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågadefrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fåenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of människamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of frågaderopadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to tropojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropade- 10
It was not long after this before the fog blew away as quickly as it had come, and the boy now saw that Bataki was flying on over a broad river valley.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with dröjdedröjdewas long in comingdröj · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceIdiomatic: "det dröjde inte länge" = "it was not long before."
intenotinte · particlemodifies dröjdelängelonglänge · adverbmodifies dröjdeefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of dröjdeförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies drevused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
dimmanthe fogdimman · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of drevdrevblew awaydriva · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on dröjdebortawaybort · adverbdepends on drevlikaequallylika · adverbmodifies fortfortfastfort · adverbmodifies drevsomassom · pronounintroduces the clause of kommitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinedepends on dröjdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with dröjdenunownu · adverbmodifies sågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of flögBatakiBatakiBataki · proper noun, nominativesubject of flögflögflewflög · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of sågActually the past tense of flyga ('to fly'), mistagged here as present.
framforwardfram · adverbdepends on flögöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking floddalenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of floddalbredbroadbred · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies floddalfloddalriver valleyfloddal · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flög It was fine country, with high mountains here as in Jämtland, but there was no large and fertile tract below the mountains.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of landskapvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to landskapgrantfine/splendidgrant · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies landskaplandskapcountrylandskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking fjällhögatallhög · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fjällfjällmountainsfjäll · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies landskaphärherehär · adverbmodifies landskapsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of Jämtlandiini · prepositionpreposition marking JämtlandJämtlandJämtlandJämtland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of härmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativecoordinated with landskapexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
ingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singularmodifies fannsstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bygdochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfruktbarfertilefruktbar · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with storbygdsettlementbygd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannsnedanförbelownedanför · prepositionpreposition marking bergenbergenmountainberg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fannsThe villages were far apart, and the fields were small.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of långtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to långtlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies småmellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking byarnabyarnathe villagesby · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of långtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationåkrarnafieldsåkr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with byarnavorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on långtarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
småsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseBataki followed the river southward, until they came near a village.
BatakiBatakibataki · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of följdeName of the raven Bataki; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a common noun.
följdefollowedföljde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceflodenriverflod · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of följdemotsouthwardmot · prepositionmodifies följdesödersouthsöder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase motändauntilända · adverbmodifies kommotillsuntiltills · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommokommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivepart of the phrase motkommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
ineari · prepositionpreposition marking bynärhetenvicinitynärhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iavofav · prepositionpart of the phrase ienaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bybyvillageby · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommoThere he swooped down onto a stubble field and let the boy dismount.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies slogslogswooped downsla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLemma is a variant spelling of 'slå'; the particle verb's sense shifts with context.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slognerdownner · adverbdepends on slogpåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking stubbåkerenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stubbåkerstubbåkerstubble fieldstubbåker · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slogochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlätletlät · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with slogpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lätstigato risestiga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of lätavoffav · prepositionpreposition marking stiga- 11
"There has been grain growing on this ground this summer," said Bataki.
Påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking markendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of markenhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase denmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vuxitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of vuxitdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with vuxitvuxitgrownväxa · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencekorngrainkorn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of vuxitithis summeri · prepositionmodifies vuxitsommarsummersommar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase isadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vuxitBatakiBatakibataki · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sadeName of the raven Bataki; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a common noun.
"See if you can't find something to eat!"
Selookse · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceeftercheckefter · prepositiondepends on Seomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of finnaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finnaintenotinte · particlemodifies finnakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of finnafinnafindfinna · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of Senågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ätbartätbartedibleätbar · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of finnaActually the adjective 'ätbart' (edible, neuter), mistagged as a noun.
The boy followed the advice, and it was not long before he found an ear of grain.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lyddelyddeobeyedlydde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencerådetadviceråd · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of lyddeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of dröjdedröjdewas long in comingdröj · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lyddeIdiomatic: "det dröjde inte länge" = "it was not long before."
intenotinte · particlemodifies dröjdelängelonglänge · adverbmodifies dröjdeförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies hittadeused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hittadehittadefoundhittaa · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on dröjdeettaen · numeral, nominative, neuter, singularquantifies axaxan ear of grainax · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hittadeWhile he picked out the kernels and ate, Bataki began to chat with him.
Medanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of plockadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of plockadeplockadepickedplocka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceframforwardfram · adverbdepends on plockadekornenthe kernelskorn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of plockadeochandoch · conjunctionpreposition marking kornenåtateåt · prepositionpart of the phrase ochbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with plockadeBatakiBatakibataki · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of språkaName of the raven Bataki; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a common noun.
språkachatspråka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of språka- 12
"Do you see that big, splendid mountain rising up there due south?" he asked.
SerseeSer · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePresent tense of se ('to see'); capitalized here as sentence-initial.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Serdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of Serdärtheredär · adverbmodifies storastorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fjälletgrannasplendidgrann · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with storaFunctions as the adjective 'grann' (fine/splendid), mistagged as a noun.
fjälletthe mountainfjället · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of Sersomthatsom · pronounsubject of reserThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
reserrisesresa · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on fjället3 of 4 examples in this chunk are reflexive 'reser sig' meaning 'rises/raises itself' (a mill, a wall, a town), not 'travels'. The glosser's single gloss 'travels' only fits the ch04-p17 example.
sigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of reserrättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of reseridue southi · prepositionmodifies resersödersouthsöder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase ifrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågade — "Yes, indeed, I've always seen it," the boy answered.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on sernogindeednog · adverbmodifies serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of serdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of seralltidalwaysalltid · adverbmodifies sersvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to serpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svarade— "It's called Sonfjället," the raven went on, "and you may believe there have been plenty of wolves there in the old days."
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with heterheteris calledheta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceSonfjälletSonfjälletSonfjället · proper noun, nominativesubject of heterfortforwent on/continuedfortfor · numeral, nominativepreposition marking korpenPast tense of 'fortfara' (to continue); mistagged as a numeral.
korpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of heterochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trokancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of trotrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with heterattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of funnitsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with funnitsharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of funnitsfunnitsexisted/been foundfunnits · verb, passive, supineclausal complement of trogottplentygott · adverbmodifies funnitsomofom · prepositionpreposition marking vargarvargarwolvesvarg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of funnitsdärtheredär · adverbmodifies förrförrbeforeförr · adverbrelative clause on vargariin the old daysi · prepositionpreposition marking tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förr— "That must have been a good refuge for them," the boy admitted.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tillflyktsortvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tillflyktsortnogmustnog · adverbmodifies tillflyktsortenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tillflyktsortgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tillflyktsorttillflyktsortrefugetillflyktsort · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseförforför · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies tillflyktsortmedgavadmittedmedge · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to tillflyktsortpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of medgav— "The people who lived down here in the valley had a hard time of it with them, many a time," said Bataki.
Människornathe peopleMänniskorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hadesomwhosom · pronounsubject of boddeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
boddelivedbodde · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Människornahärneredown herehärnere · adverbmodifies boddeiini · prepositionpreposition marking ådalenådalenriver valleyådal · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of boddehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of hadealltindeedallt · adverbmodifies svårtsvårtdifficultsvår · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of hademångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralin apposition to demsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hadeBatakiBatakibataki · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sadeName of the raven Bataki; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a common noun.
— "Do you perhaps remember some good wolf story you could tell me?" said the boy.
Kanskeperhapskanske · adverblinks the coordinationduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceihågto mind (remember)ihåg · adverbdepends on kommeronly occurs in the fixed phrase komma ihåg 'to remember'.
någonsomenågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of varghistoriabragoodbra · adjective, nominativemodifies varghistoriavarghistoriawolf storyvarghistoria · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kommersomthatsom · pronoundirect object of berättaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of berättakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of berättaberättato tellberätta · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on varghistoriamigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of berättasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade- 13
"I've heard that long, long ago the wolves from Sonfjället are supposed to have attacked a fellow who was out selling wooden vessels," said Bataki.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörtharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörthörtheardhöra · verb, active, supinedepends on »atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of överfallitinfinitive marker before a verb.
föragoför · prepositionpreposition marking längelängelonglänge · adverbmodifies överfallitilong agoi · prepositionpreposition marking världenvärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of längesedanthensedan · adverbdepends on längeskullewere supposed toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of havargarnawolvesvargare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of haLemma is normalized to 'vargare'; the modern headword is 'varg'.
ifrånfromifrån · prepositionpreposition marking SonfjälletSonfjälletSonfjälletSonfjäll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies vargarnahahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of överfallitöverfallitattackedöverfalli · verb, active, supineclausal complement of hörtenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of karlkarlmankarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of överfallitsomwhosom · pronounsubject of varThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on karluteoutsideute · adverbmodifies varförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of säljaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of säljainfinitive marker before a verb.
säljato sellsälja · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on varlaggkärlwooden vesselslaggkärl · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of säljaLaggkärl are vessels made from joined wooden staves.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to »BatakiBatakibataki · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sadeName of the raven Bataki; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a common noun.
"He was from Hede, a village lying here in the valley a few miles farther up, than where we are now.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of byvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to byfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking HedeHedeHedeHede · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of varenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bybyvillageby · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomwhichsom · pronounsubject of liggerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
liggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on byhärherehär · adverbmodifies liggeriini · prepositionpreposition marking ådalenådalenriver valleyådal · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of liggernågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of milmilmilesmil · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies högreSwedish mil = 10 km; conventionally rendered 'mile(s)' in translation.
högrehigherhög · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies oppoppupoppa · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on liggerDialectal form of upp ("up"), a particle, not a finite verb; the parser mistagged it.
änthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of befinnerviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of befinnernunownu · adverbmodifies befinnerbefinnerare locatedbefinna · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on byossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of befinnerIt was winter, and the wolves went after
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of vintervarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to vintervinterwintervinter · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvargarnawolvesvargare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of satteLemma is normalized to 'vargare'; the modern headword is 'varg'.
sattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vinterpast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
efterafterefter · prepositiondepends on satte- 14
him, as he drove over the ice of the Ljusnan.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking ishanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of isfordrovefor · prepositionpreposition marking isPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
påoverpå · prepositionpreposition marking isLjusnansthe Ljusnan'sLjusnan · proper noun, genitivepossessor of isisiceis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on honom There were a good nine or ten of them, and the man from Hede had no good horse, so that he had little hope of getting away.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of nievarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to nieväla goodväl · adverbmodifies varenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singulardeterminer of nienieninenie · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasetietentie · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with nieOlder colloquial spelling of tio, ‘ten’.
styckenof themstyck · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies nieochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationHedebonthe man from HedeHedebon · proper noun, nominativesubject of hadeNot a personal name but an epithet ('one from Hede').
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with nieingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hästbragoodbra · adjective, nominativemodifies hästhästhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadesåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of hadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hadeintenotinte · particlemodifies hademycketlittlemycket · adverbmodifies hopphopphopehopp · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeTwo distinct homonyms share the spelling hopp: 'leap' and 'hope.'
omofom · prepositionintroduces the clause of kommaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying hoppundanawayundan · adverbdepends on komma- 15
When the man heard the wolves howling and saw what a great pack it was that was after him, he lost all self-command and did not even think that he ought to throw the tubs and troughs and casks off the sledge to lighten it.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hördekarlenmankarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tjutavargarnawolvesvarg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hördetjutato howltjuta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tjutapast tense of se, 'to see.'
vilkenwhatvilken · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skarastorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies skaraskaraflockskara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sågvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies tjutasomthatsom · pronoundirect object of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on tjutaefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of hadeförloradelostförlora · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tjutahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förloradeallallall · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of besinningbesinningself-commandbesinning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of förlorade'Besinning' appears in fixed phrases like 'komma till besinning' (come to one's senses) and 'förlora besinning' (lose one's composure).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with förloradeintenotinte · particlemodifies tänkteenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångevengång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tänktepåthatpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of kastaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kastahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kastabordeought toböra · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kastaBare borde is simple past modal ("ought to"/"should"); the perfect sense ("ought to have") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth ("borde släppa taget") has no ha and translates as plain "ought to."
kastato throwkasta · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying gångbyttortubsbytto · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of kastaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåartroughssåar · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with byttorochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkartubkar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with byttornerdownner · adverbmodifies byttorfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking lassetlassetloadlass · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of nerförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of lättaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of lättainfinitive marker before a verb.
lättalightenlätta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kastadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of lätta He only whipped the horse, and it went as fast as it possibly could, but the man soon noticed that the wolves were gaining on it.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of piskadebarajustbara · adverbmodifies piskadepiskadelashedpiska · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasePast tense of the verb 'piska' (to lash/whip), mistagged as an adjective.
påwhippedpå · prepositionpreposition marking hästenhästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of piskadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with piskadesåasså · adverbmodifies godgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fartfartspeedfart · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gjordedenitden · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of kundenågonsinevernågonsin · adverbmodifies kundekundecouldkunna · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on fartmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkarlenmankarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märktemärktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with piskadesnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies märkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vannvargarnawolvesvargare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vannLemma is normalized to 'vargare'; the modern headword is 'varg'.
vanngainingvann · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of märktepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of vannThe banks were desolate, and he had a couple of miles to go to the nearest farm.
Strändernathe shoresStränderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of ödsligavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ödsligaödsligadesolateödslig · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ödsligaettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies milmilmilesmil · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hadeSwedish mil = 10 km; conventionally rendered 'mile(s)' in translation.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking gårdnärmastenearestnära · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies gårdgårdfarmgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadeHe expected nothing else than that his last hour had come, and felt himself grow stiff with terror.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väntadeväntadeexpectedvänta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies väntadeannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies väntadeänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommenattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase änhanshishan · pronounpossessor of stundsistalastsista · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to kommenkommenarrivedkomm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on väntadePast participle 'kommen' of 'komma' (to come/arrive), truncated to 'komm' and mistagged as a noun.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kommenattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blevhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on väntadestelstiffstel · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking skräckskräckterrorskräck · noun, nominative, common gender, singularagent of stel- 16
While he sat there thus paralyzed, he saw something moving among the spruce twigs that had been set up on the ice to mark the road.
Medanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of satthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ficksåthusså · adverbmodifies sattdärtheredär · adverbmodifies sattförlamadparalyzedförlamad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of sattficksawfå · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of seseseese · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of rördenågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of rörderördemovedröra · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of sesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of rördemellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking granruskornagranruskornathe spruce branchesgranruskorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of rördesomthatsom · pronounsubject of nersattaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to nersattanersattaset upnersatta · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on granruskornapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking iseniseniceis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nersattaförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of utmärkaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of utmärkainfinitive marker before a verb.
utmärkato markutmärka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on nersattavägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of utmärka And when he saw who it was that was walking there, he found that the terror that lay upon him grew many times greater than it had been before.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of såghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tycktepast tense of se, 'to see.'
vemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singularintroduces the clause of vardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tycktesomthatsom · pronounsubject of gickThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
gickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on vardärtheredär · adverbmodifies gicktycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blevskräckenterrorskräck · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevsomthatsom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
låglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on skräckenöveruponöver · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of tycktemångdubbeltmany timesmångdubbelt · adverbmodifies störrestörrebiggerstor · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of blevänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förutdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of föruthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förutvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to förutförutbeforeförut · adverbcoordinated with blev- 17
It was no wolves coming toward him, but a poor old woman.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with vargarvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to vargaringano/noneingen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vargarvargarwolvesvarg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounsubject of komThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
komcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on vargaremottowardemot · prepositiondepends on komhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of komutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fattiggammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fattigfattigpoorfattig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gummagummaold womangumma · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with vargar She was called Finn-Malin, and used to go tramping about the roads and paths constantly.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hettehettewas calledheta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceFinn-MalinFinn-MalinFinn-Malin · proper noun, nominativedirect object of hettePersonal name.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbrukadeused tobruka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hettejämtconstantlyjämt · adverbmodifies brukadestrykaroamstryka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of brukadeomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies vägarpåaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking vägarvägarroadsväg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of strykaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstigarpathsstig · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with vägarShe was a little lame and hunchbacked, so that he could recognize her from far off.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haltvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to haltenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of haltsmulabitsmula · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies halthaltlamehalt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpuckelryggighunchbackedpuckelryggig · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with haltsåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of kännaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kännakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kännakännato feelkänna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on haltigenagainigen · adverbdepends on kännahenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of kännapåfrompå · prepositionpreposition marking hålllångtlonglångt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hållBoth examples ('for fram ett långt stycke' = 'sped along a long stretch', 'tog ett långt hopp' = 'took a long leap') mean 'long' (length), not 'far' (distance).
hålldirectionhåll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of känna- 18
The old woman was walking straight toward the wolves.
Gummanthe old womanGumman · proper noun, nominativesubject of vandradeCommon noun 'gumman' (the old woman), mistagged as a proper noun.
vandradewanderedvandra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencerättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of vandradeemottowardemot · prepositionpreposition marking vargarnavargarnawolvesvargarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of vandrade It must have been that the sledge hid them from her view, and the man from Hede understood at once that if he drove past without warning her, she would fall right into the jaws of the beasts, and while they tore her apart, he himself might get away.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of måttemåttemustmåtte · particlemodifies varitModal particle expressing a confident inference (must have) or, rarely, a wish (may).
hahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hinnasåthe caseså · adverbmodifies varitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skymdeslädenthe sledgesläd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skymdeOnly surface is definite 'släden'; every example translates it 'the sledge'.
skymdehidskymde · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of varitPast tense of the verb 'skymma' (to block/obscure); mistagged as an adjective.
bortawaybort · adverbdepends on skymdedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of skymdeförfromför · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skymdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationHedebonthe man from HedeHedebon · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with ,Not a personal name but an epithet ('one from Hede').
förstodunderstoodförstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with varitstraxat oncestrax · adverbmodifies förstodattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kördeomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kördehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kördekördedroveköra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on förstodförbipastförbi · adverbdepends on kördeutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of fallaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fallavarnato warnvarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralpart of the phrase attMistagged as a plural noun; surface 'varna' is the infinitive of varna (to warn).
henneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies varnaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fallahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fallafallato fallfalla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on körderättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fallaiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking gapetgapetjawsgap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fallapåintopå · prepositionpreposition marking vilddjurenvilddjurenwild beastsvilddjur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gapetochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sönderdetheyde · determiner, pluraldeterminer of sleteThis type's own examples show 'de' used as the plain personal pronoun "they" (de voro ovanligt strävsamma = "they were unusually...") as often as the determiner "the" (de andra = "the others"); a fixed gloss of "the" mis-renders every pronoun occurrence.
sletetoreslete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of söndersönderapart/brokensönder · adverbcoordinated with förstodhenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sönderkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hinnahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hinnasjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hinnahinnato have time tohinna · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceundanawayundan · adverbdepends on hinna- 19
She walked slowly, leaning on a stick.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencelångsamtslowlylångsam · adverbmodifies gicklutadleaningluta · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with gicköveronöver · prepositionpreposition marking käppenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularquantifies käppkäppcanekäpp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lutad It was plain that she was lost, if he did not help her.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with tydligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tydligttydligtcleartydlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förloradhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förloradvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to förloradförloradlostförlorad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on tydligtomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hjälptehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hjälpteintenotinte · particlemodifies hjälptehjälptehelpedhjälpa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with förloradhenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälpteBut even if he stopped and let her climb up onto the sledge bottom, it was not certain that she would be saved for that.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies stannadeomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stannadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stannadestannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationläteletläte · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies henneHistorical past subjunctive of låta, despite the parser's adjective label.
henneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of stannadestigaclimbstig · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of stannadeoppupopp · adverbdepends on stigaColloquial/dialectal spelling of 'upp'.
påontopå · prepositionpreposition marking slädbottnenslädbottnenthe sledge bottomslädbottn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stigavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to sagtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with sagtintenotinte · particlemodifies sagtsagtsaidsäga · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with stannadeReally the supine 'sagt' of the verb säga ('to say'), mistagged here as an adjective.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blihonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bliskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of sagträddadsavedrädda · verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominativecomplement of blifördenskullfor that reasonfördenskull · adverbmodifies bliIf he took her up into the sledge, it was likely that the wolves would catch up with them, and that both he and she and the horse would be killed.
Togtooktog · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on troligthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Togoppupoppa · verb, present, indicative, activecomplement of TogDialectal form of upp ("up"), a particle, not a finite verb; the parser mistagged it.
henneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of oppiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking slädenslädenthe sledgesläd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of oppOnly surface is definite 'släden'; every example translates it 'the sledge'.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to troligtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with troligtjuafter allju · adverbmodifies troligttroligtlikelytrolig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hinnavargarnawolvesvargare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hinnaLemma is normalized to 'vargare'; the modern headword is 'varg'.
skullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hinnahinnato have time tohinna · verb, active, infinitivedepends on troligtdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of hinnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase ochbådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase attochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hanochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bliskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblito becomebli · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with attdödadekilleddöda · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of bliHe wondered whether it was not most right to sacrifice one life in order to save two others.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undradeundradewonderedundra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceomwhetherom · prepositionintroduces the clause of rättastdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with rättastintenotinte · particlemodifies rättastvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to rättasträttastmost appropriaterättast · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on undradeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of uppoffrainfinitive marker before a verb.
uppoffrato sacrificeuppoffra · verb, active, infinitivedepends on rättastettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of livlivlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of uppoffraförin order toför · prepositionintroduces the clause of räddaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of räddainfinitive marker before a verb.
kunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of räddaräddato saverädda · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on rättasttvåtwotvå · numeral, nominativequantifies andraandraothersannan · pronoun, pluraldirect object of rädda- 20
All of this stood before him in the very instant that he saw the old woman.
Alltallall · determiner, neuter, singularhead of the phrasedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase Alltdärtheredär · adverbmodifies stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on detförbeforeför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodiati · prepositionpreposition marking ögonblicksammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of ögonblickögonblickmomentögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stodsomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of sågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on ögonblickpast tense of se, 'to see.'
gummanold womangumma · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of såg And it was not enough with this, but he also managed to think of how it would be for him afterward, if he should come to regret not having helped the old woman, or if people should find out that he had met her and given her no help.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tänkavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies tänkaintenotinte · particlemodifies varnognot onlynog · adverbmodifies intemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of nogutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hannhannhad timehann · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänkaPast tense of hinna, 'to have time to / manage to (before something else happens)'.
ocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies tänkaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tänkainfinitive marker before a verb.
tänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencepåofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of blihurhowhur · adverbmodifies blidetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of bliskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tänkaförforför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bliefteråtafterwardefteråt · adverbmodifies bliomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommato comekomma · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on bliatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ångrainfinitive marker before a verb.
ångrato regretångra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kommaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of biståtthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of biståttintenotinte · particlemodifies biståtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of biståttbiståtthelpedbistå · verb, active, supineclausal complement of ångradenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gamlagamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singulardirect object of biståttelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vetafolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of vetaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vetafåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of vetavetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with biståttattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of mötthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of mötthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of möttmöttmetmött · verb, active, supineclausal complement of vetahenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of möttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies lämnatlämnatleftlämna · verb, active, supinecoordinated with mötthjälphelphjälp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lämnat- 21
It was a hard temptation he had run into.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of frestelsevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to frestelseenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of frestelsesvårhardsvår · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies frestelsefrestelsetemptationfrestelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkatråkatrun intoråka · verb, active, supinedepends on frestelseutintout · adverbdepends on råkatförintoför · prepositionpreposition marking råkat 'I would much rather never have met her,' he said to himself.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villevillewantedvilja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies hellrehellreratherhellre · adverbmodifies villeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of möttjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of möttaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies mötthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of möttmöttmetmött · verb, active, supinedepends on villehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of möttsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with mötthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of sadesjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sig- 22
At that same moment the wolves set up a wild howl.
Iati · prepositionpreposition marking detsammadetsammathe samedensamma · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of gavgavset upge · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLight-verb idioms in the examples: "gav ... till ett klagoskrik" = let out a cry; "gav sig tid" = took the time — not literal "gave" in either case.
vargarnawolvesvarg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of gavoppupopp · verb, present, indicative, activecomplement of gavmistagged as a verb; this is the dialectal/colloquial adverb opp, a variant of upp 'up'.
ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of tjutviltwildvilt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies tjuttjuthowltjut · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of opp The horse started, dashed off as if in a fright, and rushed past the beggar woman.
Hästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattesprattgave a startspratt · verb, past, indicative, activemodifies Hästentillsuddenlytill · prepositionpreposition marking sprattsattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
avoffav · prepositiondepends on sattesomassom · pronounintroduces the clause of skenThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
iin frighti · prepositionpreposition marking skenskenboltingske · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of satteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstörtaderushedstörta · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with satteTagged as an adjective but is 'störtade', past tense plural of 'störta', rushed/plunged.
förbipastförbi · prepositiondepends on störtadetiggargummanthe beggar womantiggargumman · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of störtadeShe too had heard the wolves' howling, and when the man from Hede drove past, he saw that she knew what was in store for her.
Ocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies hörthonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörthörtheardhöra · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sågvargtjutetthe wolves' howlingvargtjut · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hörtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kördeHedebonthe man from HedeHedebon · proper noun, nominativesubject of kördeNot a personal name but an epithet ('one from Hede').
kördedroveköra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hörtförbipastförbi · adverbdepends on kördesågsawsåga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceMislemmatized: surface is 'såg', the past tense of se ('to see'/'looked'), in both examples ('såg han sig om' = 'looked around'), not a form of såga ('to saw'). Gloss corrected to 'saw' (as in 'he saw/looked').
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of visstehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of sågvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on förestodsomthatsom · pronounsubject of förestodThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
förestodwas in store forförestå · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of visstehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of förestodShe had stood still, her mouth had opened in a scream, and her arms had stretched out for help, but she had neither called out nor tried to fling herself up onto the load.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ståtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ståttståttstoodstå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencestillastillstilla · adverbdepends on ståttmunnenmouthmunn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of öppnathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of öppnatöppnatopenedöppna · verb, active, supinecoordinated with ståttsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of öppnattillintotill · prepositionpreposition marking skrikettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of skrikskrikcryskrik · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of öppnatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationarmarnathe armsarmarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sträckthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sträcktsträcktstretched outsträcka · verb, active, supinecoordinated with ståttch19-p39-s1 'hade sträckt fram och åter över sjön' = 'had flown back and forth over the lake' (bird-flight idiom), distinct from the physical-stretching sense in the other examples.
sigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sträcktutoutut · adverbmodifies sträcktefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking hjälphjälphelphjälp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ropatvarkenneithervarken · conjunctionlinks the coordinationropatcalledropa · verb, active, supineparallel clause to ståttelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförsökttriedförsöka · verb, active, supinecoordinated with ropatatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kastainfinitive marker before a verb.
kastato throwkasta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försöktsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kastaoppupopp · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on kastaMistagged as a noun; opp is the colloquial spelling of upp, "up".
påontopå · prepositionpreposition marking lassetlassetloadlass · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kastaIt must have been something that had turned her to stone.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of måttemåttemustmåtte · particlemodifies någotModal particle expressing a confident inference (must have) or, rarely, a wish (may).
hahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of någotvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to någotnågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounsubject of förstenatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förstenatförstenatturned to stoneförstena · verb, active, supinerelative clause on någothenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of förstenat'It must have been I who looked like a troll, as I drove past her,' thought the man.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of jagvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to jagvälmustväl · adverbmodifies jagjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomwhosom · pronounsubject of sågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
sågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on jagpast tense of se, 'to see.'
utlookut · adverbdepends on sågsomlikesom · prepositionpreposition marking trollFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of trolltrolltrolltroll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sågnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking hennejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förbifordrovefor · prepositionpart of the phrase jagPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
förbipastförbi · adverbmodifies hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on sågtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to jagkarlenmankarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkte- 23
He tried to feel content now, when he was sure of getting away.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försökteförsöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekännato feelkänna · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försöktesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kännanöjdpleasednöjd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of kännanunownu · adverbmodifies kännanärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of säkerhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of säkervarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to säkersäkersuresäker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on kännaomofom · prepositionintroduces the clause of kommaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on säkerundanawayundan · adverbdepends on komma But at the same time a stinging, aching feeling began in his chest.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking detsammadetsammathe samedensamma · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of börjadesvidastingsvida · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvärkaachevärka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with svidaiini · prepositionpreposition marking bröstetbröstetchestbröst · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of värkapåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of värkaHe had never before done anything dishonorable, and now it seemed to him that his whole life was ruined.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjorthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjortaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies gjortförrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies gjortgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencenågotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies vanhederligtvanhederligtdishonorablevanhederlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gjortochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gjorthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förstörthelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies livhanshishan · pronounpossessor of livlivlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of förstörtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to förstörtförstörtdestroyedförstöra · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on tyckte'No, let it go however it will,' he said, and reined in the horse, 'but I cannot leave her alone with the gray-legs.'
Nejnonej · interjectionhead of the phrasedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gåfårletfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to Nejhurhowhur · adverbmodifies villdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of villvillwantsvilja · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gåsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gåhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhöllreined inhålla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gåininin · adverbdepends on höllhästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of höllmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lämnakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lämnaintenotinte · particlemodifies lämnalämnaleavelämna · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gåhenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lämnaensamaloneensam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of lämnamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking gråbenengråbenengray-legsgråben · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lämnaAn old euphemistic name for a wolf.
- 24
It was with great difficulty that he got the horse to turn, but it succeeded all the same, and he soon overtook the old woman.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of svårighetvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to svårighetmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking svårighetstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies svårighetsvårighetdifficultysvårighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickgotfå · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on svårighethästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vändainfinitive marker before a verb.
vändato turnvända · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fickmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of lyckadeslyckadessucceededlycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with svårighetImpersonal 'det lyckades honom' = 'he succeeded'; lemma should be 'lyckas'.
ändåall the sameändå · adverbmodifies lyckadesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kördekördedroveköra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with svårighetsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies kördefattcaught up withfatt · subordinating conjunctionmodifies kördegummanold womangumma · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of körde 'Get up onto the sledge bottom, quick!' he said, speaking harshly, for he was angry at himself for not having left the old woman to her fate.
KomcomeKom · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasefortfastfort · adverbmodifies Komoppupopp · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on KomMistagged as a noun; opp is the colloquial spelling of upp, "up".
påontopå · prepositionpreposition marking slädbottnenslädbottnenthe sledge bottomslädbottn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Komsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtaladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadehårthardhård · adverbmodifies taladeförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of ondhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ondvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ondondangryond · adjective, nominativeadverbial clause on sadeond usually means 'angry/furious' in these contexts, but can mean 'evil' elsewhere.
påatpå · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of ondsjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sigdärförfordärför · adverbintroduces the clause of lämnatattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därförhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lämnatintenotinte · particlemodifies lämnathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lämnatlämnatleftlämna · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sadegummanold womangumma · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lämnatåttoåt · prepositionpreposition marking ödesitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of ödepossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
ödefateöde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of lämnatöde is both a neuter noun 'fate' and an unrelated adjective 'deserted/desolate'; some examples use the adjective.
'You might for once stay home, you old troll,' he said.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kundekundecouldkunna · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållavälmightväl · adverbmodifies kundenågonfor oncenågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångfor oncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hållahållato stay homehålla · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hållahemmaat homehemma · adverbmodifies hålladittyourdu · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of trollsurface ditt is the neuter possessive 'your', not the pronoun 'you'.
gamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies trolltrolltrolltroll · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hållasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to trollhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade'Now both Blackie and I have to suffer on your account.'
Nunownu · adverbmodifies fårfårhave tofå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationSvartenBlackieSvarte · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fårochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with fåråtperishåt · prepositiondepends on gåförforför · prepositionpreposition marking skulldinyourdu · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of skullskullsakeskull · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåonly occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'.
- 25
The old woman did not answer with a single word, but the man from Hede was in no mood to spare her.
Gummanthe old womanGumman · proper noun, nominativesubject of svaradeCommon noun 'gumman' (the old woman), mistagged as a proper noun.
svaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies svarademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ordettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ordordwordord · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of svarademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationHedebonthe man from HedeHedebon · proper noun, nominativesubject of sparaNot a personal name but an epithet ('one from Hede').
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to sparaintenotinte · particlemodifies sparaiin the moodi · prepositionmodifies sparalynnemoodlynne · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase iatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sparainfinitive marker before a verb.
sparato sparespara · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with svaradehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of spara 'Blackie has already gone five miles today,' he said, 'so you can understand that he'll soon tire, and the load hasn't gotten any lighter since you climbed onto it.'
SvartenBlackieSvarten · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåttharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttgonegå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencefemfivefem · numeral, nominativequantifies milmilmilesmil · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of gåttSwedish mil = 10 km; conventionally rendered 'mile(s)' in translation.
förutbeforeförut · adverbmodifies militodayi · prepositionmodifies förutdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase isadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to gåtthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of kanattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kankancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of förståförståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tröttnahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tröttnasnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies tröttnaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tröttnatröttnatiretrötten · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of förståochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlassetloadlass · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of blivitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitintenotinte · particlemodifies blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinecoordinated with tröttnalättareeasierlätt · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of blivitsedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommitduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on blivitoppupopp · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on kommitMistagged as a noun; opp is the colloquial spelling of upp, "up".
påontopå · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommit- 26
The sledge runners screeched against the ice, but despite that he heard how the wolves were panting, and he understood that the gray-legs had now caught up with him.
Slädmedarnathe sledge runnersSlädmedarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of gnissladegnissladescreechedgnissla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking iseniseniceis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gnisslademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of oaktatoaktatdespiteoakta · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hördeArchaic form 'oaktat' functions as a preposition/conjunction meaning 'notwithstanding/despite'.
hördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gnissladehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehurhowhur · adverbmodifies flåsadevargarnawolvesvargare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of flåsadeLemma is normalized to 'vargare'; the modern headword is 'varg'.
flåsadepantedflåsa · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of hördeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstodförstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hördeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hunnitnunownu · adverbmodifies hunnithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hunnitgråbenengray-legsgråben · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hunnitAn old euphemistic name for a wolf.
hunnitcaught uphinna · verb, active, supineclausal complement of förstodoppupopp · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on hunnitmistagged as a verb; this is the dialectal/colloquial adverb opp, a variant of upp 'up'.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of opp 'Now it's over for us,' he said.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies slutärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to slutdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of slutslutendslut · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of slutsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to sluthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade'It brought little joy to either you or me, that I tried to save you, Finn-Malin.'
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of glädjevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to glädjeintenotinte · particlemodifies glädjetilltotill · prepositionmodifies glädjemyckenmuchmycken · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase tillglädjejoyglädje · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasevarkenneithervarken · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of glädjeelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularcoordinated with digattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of försöktejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försökteförsöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on glädjefrälsasavefrälsa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularindirect object of försöktedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of försökteFinn-MalinFinn-MalinFinn-Malin · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with digPersonal name.
- 27
Up until now the old woman had kept silent, like one who is used to taking abuse.
Alltup until nowAlln · adverbmodifies hadeLemma should be 'all'/'allt'; surface 'Allt' means 'all/entirely'.
hittillsso farhittills · adverbpart of the phrase Allthadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tegatgummanold womangumma · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tegattegatkept silenttega · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceliktlikelik · adverbcoordinated with tegatenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tegatsomwhosom · pronounsubject of vanThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to vanvanused tovan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on enatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tainfinitive marker before a verb.
tato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on vanemottakeemot · adverbdepends on taovettabuseovett · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of ta Now she said a few words.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ordordwordsord · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of sade'I can't understand why you don't throw off the wooden vessels and lighten the load.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of begripakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of begripaintenotinte · particlemodifies begripabegripaunderstandbegripa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencevarförwhyvarför · adverbmodifies kastarduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kastarintenotinte · particlemodifies kastarkastarthrowskasta · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of begripaavoffav · prepositionpreposition marking laggkärlenlaggkärlenthe wooden vesselslaggkärl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kastarLaggkärl are vessels made from joined wooden staves.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlättarlightenlätta · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with kastarlassetloadlass · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of lättarYou can certainly go back tomorrow and pick them up.'
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of farakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of farajucertainlyju · adverbmodifies farafaragofara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
tillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies faraitomorrowi · prepositionpreposition marking demmorgonmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationplockato pickplocka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with ioppupopp · verb, present, indicative, activepart of the phrase imistagged as a verb; this is the dialectal/colloquial adverb opp, a variant of upp 'up'.
demthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of tillbakaThe man from Hede understood that this was wise advice, and was only astonished that he had not thought of it himself before.
Hedebonthe man from HedeHedebon · proper noun, nominativesubject of förstodNot a personal name but an epithet ('one from Hede').
förstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of råddettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of rådvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to rådettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of rådkloktwiseklok · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies rådrådadviceråd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of förstodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with förstodbarajustbara · adverbmodifies blevhäpenastonishedhäp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevPredicate adjective häpen ('astonished'); tagged as noun.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tänkthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktintenotinte · particlemodifies tänkthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänkttänktthoughttänka · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on blevhärpåof ithärpå · noun, nominative, common gender, singularintroduces the clause of förutförutbeforeförut · adverbmodifies tänktHe let the old woman handle the reins, loosened the rope that held the vessels fast, and threw them down.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lätlätletlät · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegummanold womangumma · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lätskötato tend tosköta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of lättömmarnathe reinstömm · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of skötalossadeloosenedlossa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with skötarepetthe roperep · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of lossadesomthatsom · pronounsubject of höllThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
höllheldhålla · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on repetfastfastfast · adverbdepends on hölllaggkärlenthe wooden vesselslaggkärl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of höllLaggkärl are vessels made from joined wooden staves.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lossadenerdownner · adverbdepends on kastadedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of kastadeThe gray-legs were right up against the sledge.
Gråbenenthe gray-legsGråbenen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slädenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to slädenalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies slädeninpåright up oninpå · prepositionpreposition marking slädenslädenthe sledgesläd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseOnly surface is definite 'släden'; every example translates it 'the sledge'.
But now they stopped to investigate what had been flung out onto the ice, and the travelers gained a little headway again.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies stannadestannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of stannadeförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of undersökaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of undersökainfinitive marker before a verb.
undersökato investigateundersöka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stannadedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of undersökasomthatsom · pronounsubject of passive vräktesThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
vräktesbeen flungvräktes · verb, past, indicative, passiverelative clause on undersökautoutut · adverbdepends on vräktespåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking iseniseniceis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vräktesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of resandeSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
resandetravelersresande · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of fickfickgainedfå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stannadepåagainpå · prepositionpreposition marking försprångnyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies försprånglitetlittleliten · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies försprångförsprånghead startförsprång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fick- 28
'If this doesn't help, then you understand well enough that I'll give myself up to the wolves of my own accord,' said the old woman, 'so that you can get away.'
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hjälperintenotinte · particlemodifies hjälperdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of hjälperhjälperhelpshjälpa · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on förstårsåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on förstårförstårunderstand(s)förstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstårvälwellväl · adverbmodifies förstårattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gerjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gergergivesge · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of förstårmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of gersjälvmantof their own accordsjälvmant · adverbdirect object of geråttoåt · prepositionpreposition marking vargarnavargarnawolvesvargare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gerLemma is normalized to 'vargare'; the modern headword is 'varg'.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gergummanold womangumma · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of kommaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sadeundanawayundan · adverbdepends on komma As she said this, the man was busy shoving a great, heavy brewing vat down from the long sledge.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sadehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesadesaidsa · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hölldettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sadehöllwas busyhålla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekarlenmankarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllpåbusypå · prepositionintroduces the clause of skjutaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of skjutainfinitive marker before a verb.
skjutashovingskjuta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on höllettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of bryggkarstortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies bryggkartungtheavytung · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies bryggkarbryggkarbrewing vatbryggk · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of skjutaThis parser bucket mixes plural bryggkar in ch42-p50-s2 with singular ett ... bryggkar in ch42-p56-s1; the plural-only gloss is wrong for the latter.
nerdownner · adverbmodifies skjutafrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking långslädenlångslädenthe long sledgelångsläde · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nerIn the midst of working at this, he stopped himself, as if he could not make up his mind to throw the vat out.
Mittunderin the midst ofMittunder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraseFunctions as the preposition/adverb 'mittunder' (in the very midst of), not as a noun.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with Mittunderattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of arbetadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of arbetadearbetadeworkedarbeta · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on Mittundermedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of arbetadehejdadestoppedhejda · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Mittunderhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hejdadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of hejdadesomassom · pronounsubject of beslutaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of beslutahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of beslutaintenotinte · particlemodifies beslutakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of beslutabeslutadecidebesluta · verb, active, infinitivedepends on Mittundersighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of beslutaförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of kastaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kastainfinitive marker before a verb.
kastato throwkasta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on beslutautoutut · adverbdepends on kastakarettubkar · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kastaBut in truth his thoughts were occupied with something else entirely.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiin truthi · prepositionpreposition marking verketsjälvain factsjälv · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies verketSurface "själva" is the plural/emphatic form of själv and can mean "themselves" or intensify "the very."
verketin truthverk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of upptagnathe idiom i (själva) verket means 'in fact/actually', not literal 'work'.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to upptagnahanshishan · pronounpossessor of tankartankarthoughtstank · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of upptagnaupptagnaoccupiedupptagen · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking annatnågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of annatheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies annatannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularagent of upptagna'A horse and a man in perfectly sound condition surely ought not to let an old woman be eaten up by wolves for their sake,' he thought.
Hästa horseHäst · adjective, nominative, comparativehead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkarlmankarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Hästsomwhosom · pronounintroduces the clause of felarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of felarfelarailsfel · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on låtaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of låtavälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies låtaintenotinte · particlemodifies låtabehövato need tobehöva · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of låtalåtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on blienaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kvinnagammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kvinnakvinnawomankvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of låtablibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceoppäteneaten upoppät · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bliOpp is a historical spelling of modern upp.
avbyav · prepositionpreposition marking vargarnavargarnawolvesvargare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies oppätenLemma is normalized to 'vargare'; the modern headword is 'varg'.
förforför · prepositionpreposition marking skullderastheirde · pronounpossessor of skullpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
skullsakeskull · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blionly occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'.
tänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to blihanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkte'There must be some way out to safety.
Detthereen · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnasthis type bundles three distinct functions of the neuter forms det/ett under one entry.
måttemustmåtte · adverbmodifies finnasModal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means "must"; the perfect sense ("must have") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain "must."
välmustväl · adverbmodifies finnasfinnasto existfinnas · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentencenågonsomenågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of utvägutvägway oututväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of finnastilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking räddningräddningrescueräddning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies utvägYes, surely there is one.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on finnsvisstcertainlyviss · adverbmodifies finnssurface visst here is the adverb 'certainly/surely', not the adjective viss 'certain'.
finnsthere isfinnas · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsnågononenågon · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of finnsIt's only that I can't find my way to it.'
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with hindretärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to hindretbarajustbara · adverbmodifies hindretdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of hindrethindretthe obstaclehindr · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hittajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hittaintenotinte · particlemodifies hittakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hittahittafind my wayhitta · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying hindretredafind outreda · adverbdepends on hittapart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påfindpå · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of hitta- 29
He began again to push at the brewing vat, but then stopped himself once more and burst out laughing.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skjutabegyntebeganbegynte · particlemodifies omigenomigenagainomig · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Hanskjutapushskjuta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencepåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking bryggkaretbryggkaretthe brewing vatbryggkar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of skjutamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies hejdadehejdadestoppedhejda · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with skjutahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hejdadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of hejdadepåagainpå · prepositionpreposition marking nyttnyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hejdadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslogburst intoslå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hejdadeLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
tillouttill · prepositionintroduces the clause of skrattettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of skrattskrattlaughterskratt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of slog - 30
The old woman looked at him in fright and wondered if he had gone mad, but the man from Hede laughed at himself, because he had been so foolish the whole time.
Gummanthe old womanGumman · proper noun, nominativesubject of sågCommon noun 'gumman' (the old woman), mistagged as a proper noun.
sågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
förskräcktfrightenedförskräckd · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of sågpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationundradewonderedundra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sågomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on undradetokigmadtokig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationHedebonthe man from HedeHedebon · proper noun, nominativesubject of skrattadeNot a personal name but an epithet ('one from Hede').
skrattadelaughedskratta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blivitåtatåt · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of skrattadesjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sigdärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of dumattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därförhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dumhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of dumvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to dumsåsoså · adverbmodifies dumdumfoolishdum · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on blivithelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of dum It was the simplest thing in the world to save all three of them.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with enklastevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to enklastedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of enklasteenklastethe simplestenklaste · adjective, nominative, superlativehead of the phraseiin the worldi · prepositionpreposition marking världenvärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of enklasteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of räddainfinitive marker before a verb.
räddato saverädda · verb, active, infinitivedepends on enklastedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of räddaallaallall · determiner, pluralcoordinated with enklastetrethreetre · numeral, nominativequantifies allaHe could not understand why he had not thought it out before.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förståkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förståintenotinte · particlemodifies förståförståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tänkthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktintenotinte · particlemodifies tänkthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänkttänktthoughttänka · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on förståutoutut · adverbdepends on tänktdetaen · determiner, neuter, singularintroduces the clause of förutförutbeforeförut · adverbmodifies tänkt- 31
'Now listen well to what I tell you, Malin!' he said.
Hörhear/listenHör · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies Hörvälwellväl · adverbmodifies Hörpålistenpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of sägervadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sägerjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägersägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on Hördigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of sägerMalinMalinMalin · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with digsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Hörhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade 'It was brave of you, that you wanted to throw yourself to the wolves of your own accord.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with duktigtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to duktigtduktigtconsiderableduktig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseIn all four examples duktig(t) is an intensifier meaning 'considerable/hearty/thorough' (duktigt tilltagen = 'built on a grand scale'; ett duktigt blåsväder = 'a good hard blow of wind'; ett duktigt arbete = 'a good day's work'), not the 'skilled/capable (of a person)' sense the glosser used.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies duktigtattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kastaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kastavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kastakastato throwkasta · verb, active, infinitivedepends on duktigtdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of kastasjälvmantof their own accordsjälvmant · adverbmodifies kastaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking vargarnavargarnawolvesvarg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kastaBut you don't need to do that, for I know now how the three of us can be helped without putting anyone's life in danger.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of görabehöverneedbehöva · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of göraduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of göraintenotinte · particlemodifies göragöradogöra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceförforför · prepositiondepends on vetjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on göranunownu · adverbmodifies vethurhowhur · adverbmodifies hjälptaviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hjälptaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hjälptablito becomebli · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivepassive auxiliary of hjälptahjälptabe helpedhjälpta · verb, passive, supineclausal complement of vetallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of tretrethreetre · numeral, nominativeoblique complement of hjälptautanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of sättaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sättainfinitive marker before a verb.
sättato set/putsätta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hjälptanågonsanyone'snågo · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of livlivlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sättaiini · prepositionpreposition marking farafaradangerfara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sättasome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
Remember, whatever I may do, you're to sit still on the sledge and drive down to the village of Linsäll!
KomcomeKom · verb, imperative, activedepends on sitterihågto mind (remember)ihåg · adverbdepends on Komonly occurs in the fixed phrase komma ihåg 'to remember'.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of göravadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of görajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of göraänthanän · subordinating conjunctionmodifies göramåmaymå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of göragöradogöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on Komsåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on sittersittersitssitta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sitterstillastillstilla · adverbdepends on sitterpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking slädenslädenthe sledgesläd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sitterOnly surface is definite 'släden'; every example translates it 'the sledge'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkördrivesköra · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sitternerdownner · adverbdepends on körtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking byLinsällsLinsäll'sLinsälls · proper noun, genitivepossessor of bybyvillageby · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of körThere you're to wake the people and tell them that I'm alone out here on the ice with ten gray-legs around me, and ask them to come and help me.'
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies väckerväckerwakesväcka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väckerfolketpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of väckerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtalartalkstala · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with väckeromtellom · prepositiondepends on talarattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ensamjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ensamärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to ensamensamaloneensam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies härutehäruteout herehärute · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talarpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking iseniseniceis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of härutemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking tietietentie · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies isenOlder colloquial spelling of tio, ‘ten’.
gråbengray-legsgråb · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of talaromkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbercarriedba · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with väckerTagged present tense, but every occurrence is the old preterite of bära ("carried"), not the present.
demthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of berattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommerdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommerkommerwillkomma · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of berochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhjälperhelpshjälpa · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with kommermigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälper- 32
The man now waited until the wolves were right up against the sledge.
Karlenthe mankarl · proper noun, nominativesubject of väntadeväntadewaitedvänta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies väntadetillsuntiltills · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slädenvargarnawolvesvarge · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of slädenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to slädenalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies inpåinpåright up oninpå · prepositionpreposition marking slädenslädenthe sledgesläd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of väntadeOnly surface is definite 'släden'; every example translates it 'the sledge'.
Then he tipped the great vat down onto the ice, ran after it himself, and crept in under it.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies vältevältetippedvälte · adjective, nominative, singularhead of the phrasehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vältedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of karetstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies karetweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
karettubkar · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of vältenerdownner · adverbmodifies karetpåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking iseniseniceis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nersprangransprangma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with välteLemma is corrupted; surfaces are only "sprang" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma.
självhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sprangefterafterefter · prepositionmodifies sprangochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkröpcreptkröp · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with vältePast tense of krypa despite the 'present' tag.
ininin · adverbdepends on kröpunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of kröp- 33
It was a huge vat.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of karvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to karettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of karväldigttremendousväldig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies karkartubkar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrase It was made so large that a whole Christmas brewing could be housed in it.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with tilltagetvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tilltagetsåsoså · adverbmodifies stortstortlargestor · adverbmodifies tilltagetAdverbial use of stor ('big'); e.g. 'inte stort' = 'not much'.
tilltagetscaletilltage · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseOccurs in the idiom 'stort tilltaget' = 'planned/built on a large scale'.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of rymmasenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of julbrygdhelwholehel · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies julbrygdjulbrygdChristmas brewingjulbrygd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive rymmaskundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of rymmasrymmasto be housedrymma · verb, passive, infinitivedepends on tilltagetdäriin itdäri · adverbmodifies rymmasThe wolves leaped up at it, bit at the hoops, and tried to tip it over.
Vargarnawolvesvargarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hoppadehoppadejumpedhoppa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceoppupopp · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on hoppademistagged as a verb; this is the dialectal/colloquial adverb opp, a variant of upp 'up'.
emotatemot · prepositiondepends on oppdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of oppdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of betbetbitbet · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralparallel clause to hoppadeiati · prepositionpreposition marking gjordarnagjordarnathe hoopsgjordarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of betochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförsöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with betatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vältainfinitive marker before a verb.
vältatip overvälta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on försöktedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of vältaBut the vat was too heavy and sturdy.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkarettubkar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of tungtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tungtförtooför · prepositionmodifies tungttungtheavytung · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstadigtsturdystadig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with tungtThey could not get at the man who lay inside it.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommaintenotinte · particlemodifies kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceåtatåt · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommasomwhosom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
låglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kommadärinnein theredärinne · adverbmodifies låg- 34
The man from Hede knew that he was safe, and he lay there laughing at the wolves.
Hedebonthe man from HedeHedebon · proper noun, nominativesubject of vissteNot a personal name but an epithet ('one from Hede').
vissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of trygghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tryggvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tryggtryggsafetrygg · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of vissteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tryggdärtheredär · adverbmodifies lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskrattadelaughedskratta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågåtatåt · prepositionpreposition marking vargarnavargarnawolvesvarg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of skrattade But after a while he grew serious.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blevenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevallvarsamseriousallvarsam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blev'As soon as I get into any tight spot from now on,' he said, 'I shall remember this brewing vat.
Såasså · adverblinks the coordinationfortfastfort · adverbpart of the phrase SåjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommaiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking trångmålnågotanynågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of trångmåltrångmålpredicamenttrångmål · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hädanefterhädanefterfrom now onhädaneft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to hädanefterhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceihågto mind (remember)ihåg · adverbdepends on kommaonly occurs in the fixed phrase komma ihåg 'to remember'.
dettathisdenna · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of bryggkaretbryggkaretthe brewing vatbryggkar · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kommaI shall bear in mind that I need not do wrong against myself, nor against others.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänkatänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencepåbear in mindpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of göraattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of görajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of göraintenotinte · particlemodifies görabehöverneedbehöva · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of göragöradogöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tänkaorättwrongorätt · adverbcomplement of göramotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of görasjälvmyselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying migochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies andramotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking andraandraothersannan · pronoun, pluralcoordinated with migThere is always a third way out, if only one is able to find it.'"
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsfinnsthere isfinnas · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentencealltidalwaysalltid · adverbmodifies finnsenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of utvägtredjethirdtre · adjective, nominativemodifies utvägSurface 'tredje' is the ordinal 'third', though lemma is tagged as the cardinal 'tre'.
utvägway oututväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finnsbarajustbara · adverbmodifies hittamanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hittaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to hittaiablei · prepositionmodifies hittaståndablestånd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase iatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hittainfinitive marker before a verb.
hittafindhitta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with finnsdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of hitta- 35
With that Bataki ended his story.
Därmedwith thatdärmed · adverbmodifies slötslötclosedslöt · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceBatakiBatakibataki · adjective, nominative, singularsubject of slötsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of berättelseberättelsestoryberättelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of slöt But it was so that the boy had noticed that the raven never spoke of anything without having some particular purpose in it, and the longer he listened to him, the more thoughtful he grew.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of såvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to såsåthe caseså · adverbhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of märktpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märkthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of märktmärktnoticedmärka · verb, active, supineclausal complement of såattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of taladekorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of taladealdrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies taladetaladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of märktomofom · prepositionpreposition marking någotnågotanythingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of taladeutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of haatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hainfinitive marker before a verb.
hato haveha · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying någotenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of meningsärskildparticularsärskild · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies meningmeningpurposemening · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of haochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjutheju · adverbmodifies längrelängrelongerlänge · adverbmodifies hördehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to såpålistenedpå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hördedestothedesto · adverbmodifies merameramoremycket · adverbmodifies tankfulltankfullthoughtfultankfull · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularparallel clause to såblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on tankfullhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blev"I wonder why you tell me that story," said the boy.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undrarundrarwondersundra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevarförwhyvarför · adverbmodifies talarduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talartalartalkstala · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of undraromtellom · prepositionpreposition marking historiendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of historiendärtheredär · adverbmodifies historienhistorienthe storyhistorie · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talarförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies historiensadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with undrarpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade— "It just came to mind when I stood here and stared at Sonfjället," the raven answered.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebarajustbara · adverbmodifies komatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tänkainfinitive marker before a verb.
tänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kompåcame to mindpå · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of tänkanärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stodjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on denhärherehär · adverbdepends on stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstirradestaredstirra · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with stodReally the past tense of the verb stirra ('to stare'), mistagged here as an adjective.
påatpå · prepositionpreposition marking SonfjälletSonfjälletSonfjälletSonfjället · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of stodsvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodkorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svarade- 36
They now flew on farther down along the Ljusnan, and within an hour they had come to the village of Kolsätt, which lies right on the border with Hälsingland.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of foroSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
forotraveledforo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralhead of the phraseArchaic plural past tense of fara ("to go/travel"), not a noun; the parser mistagged it.
nunownu · adverbmodifies vidarevidarefurthervidare · adverbmodifies foroneråtdownwardneråt · adverbmodifies foroLjusnanthe LjusnanLjusnan · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of neråtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomwithinom · prepositionpreposition marking timmenågonannågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of timmetimmehourtimme · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vorovorowerevoro · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to komnaArchaic plural past tense of vara ("to be").
detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of komnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
komnacomekomn · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with LjusnanPlural past participle of komma ("to come").
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking bynbynvillagebyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komnaKolsättKolsättKolsätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with Ljusnansomwhichsom · pronounsubject of liggerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
liggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on Kolsättalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies liggervidonvid · prepositionpreposition marking gränsengränsenbordergräns · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of liggermotwithmot · prepositionpreposition marking HälsinglandHälsinglandHälsinglandHälsingland · proper noun, nominativemodifies gränsen Here the raven swooped down near a small, low cabin.
Härherehär · adverbmodifies slogslogswooped downslå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
korpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slognerdownner · adverbmodifies slogineari · prepositionpreposition marking kojanärhetenvicinitynärhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iavofav · prepositionpart of the phrase ienaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kojalitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kojalåglowlåg · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kojakojahutkoja · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slogIt had no windows, only a shutter.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceingano/noneingen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fönsterfönsterwindowsfönster · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hadeutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
barajustbara · adverbmodifies luckaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of luckaluckahatchlucka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hadeOut of the chimney rose a spark-laced smoke, and loud hammer-blows were heard from within the house.
Urout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking skorstenenskorstenenchimneyskorsten · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stegstegrosestiga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rökgnistblandadspark-lacedgnistblandad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies rökröksmokerök · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of stegochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstarkastrongstark · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hammarslaghammarslaghammer-blowshammarslag · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of passive hördeshördeswas heardhördes · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with steginifrånfrom withininifrån · adverbmodifies hördeshusethousehus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of passive hördes"When I see that smithy there," said the raven, "I get to thinking that in the old days there were such good smiths in Härjedalen, and above all in this very village, that they had no equal in the whole country."
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of serjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sadedeniten · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of serdärtheredär · adverbmodifies sersmedjansmithysmedja · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sersadesaidsa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadekommerwillkomma · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänkajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tänkainfinitive marker before a verb.
tänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sadepåthinking thatpå · prepositiondepends on tänkaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fannsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsförrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies fannsiin the old daysi · prepositionpreposition marking världenvärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förrfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativeclausal complement of tänkaexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
såsuchså · adverbmodifies smedergodagoodgod · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies smedersmedersmithssmeder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of fannsiini · prepositionpreposition marking HärjedalenHärjedalenHärjedalenHärjedalen · proper noun, nominativemodifies smederName of a Swedish province.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationframförin front offramför · prepositioncoordinated with fannsallteverythingall · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase framföriini · prepositionpreposition marking byndenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bynhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase denbynvillagebyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fannsattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadeintenotinte · particlemodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeclause modifying bynsinequalsig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of likelikeequallike · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeithroughouti · prepositionpreposition marking landethelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hade— "Do you perhaps remember a story about them too, that you want to tell me?" said the boy.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies kommerihågto mind (remember)ihåg · adverbdepends on kommeronly occurs in the fixed phrase komma ihåg 'to remember'.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of historiahistoriastoryhistoria · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kommeromaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies historiaocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies demsomthatsom · pronoundirect object of berättaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of berättavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of berättaberättato tellberätta · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on historiaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of berättasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade— "Yes, I do indeed remember one about a smith from Härjedalen," said Bataki, "who challenged two other master smiths, one from Dalarna and one from Värmland, to a contest in nail-forging.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on minnsnogindeednog · adverbmodifies minnsminnsremembersminnas · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of minnsenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of smedomaboutom · prepositionpart of the phrase enenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of smedsmedsmithsmed · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of minnsifrånfromifrån · prepositionpreposition marking HärjedalenHärjedalenHärjedalenHärjedalen · proper noun, nominativemodifies smedName of a Swedish province.
sadesaidsade · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with minnsBatakiBatakibataki · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sadeName of the raven Bataki; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a common noun.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of utmanadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
utmanadechallengedutmana · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on »tvåtwotvå · numeral, nominativequantifies mästersmederandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies mästersmedermästersmedermaster smithsmästersmed · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of utmanadeenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of utmanadeifrånfromifrån · prepositionpreposition marking DalarnaDalarnaDalarnaDalarna · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of enochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singularquantifies Dalarnaifrånfromifrån · prepositionpreposition marking VärmlandVärmlandVärmlandVärmland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of utmanadeA Swedish province.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking tävlantävlancontesttävlan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Värmlandiin nail-forgingi · prepositionpreposition marking spiksmidespiksmidenail-forgingspiksmide · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tävlanThe challenge was accepted, and the three smiths met here in Kolsätt.
Utmaningenthe challengeutmaning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceantagenacceptedantag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of smedernaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
trethreetre · numeral, nominativequantifies smedernasmedernasmithssmed · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of möttesmöttesmetmöttes · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blevhärherehär · adverbmodifies möttesiini · prepositionpreposition marking KolsättKolsättKolsättKolsätt · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of möttesThe man from Dalarna was the one who began.
Dalkarlenthe DalesmanDalkarlen · proper noun, nominativesubject of denvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomwhosom · pronounsubject of börjadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
börjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on denHe forged a dozen nails, so even and sharp and smooth that they could not be made better.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of smiddesmiddeforgedsmida · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of dussindussindozendussin · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies spikarspikarnailsspik · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of smiddesåsoså · adverbmodifies jämnajämnaeven/leveljämn · adjective, nominative, pluralin apposition to spikarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvassasharpvassa · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with jämnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationglattasmoothglatta · adjective, nominativecoordinated with jämnaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of görasdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of passive görasintenotinte · particlemodifies göraskundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of görasgörasbe donegöra · verb, passive, infinitiveadverbial clause on smiddebättrebetterbra · adverbmodifies görasAfter him came the man from Värmland.
Efterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevärmlänningenVärmland manvärmlänning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komHe too forged a dozen nails, which were quite excellent, and in addition he had made them in half the time it took the man from Dalarna.
Ocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies smiddehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of smiddesmiddeforgedsmida · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of dussindussindozendussin · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies spikarspikarnailsspik · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of smiddesomwhichsom · pronounsubject of förträffligaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to förträffligaalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies förträffligaförträffligaexcellentförträfflig · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on spikarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärtillbesidesdärtill · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with smiddeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förfärdigathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förfärdigathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förfärdigatförfärdigatmadeförfärdiga · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on komdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of förfärdigatpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking hälftenhälftenhalfhälft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förfärdigatsåasså · adverbmodifies kortkortshortkort · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of komsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dalkarlendalkarlenthe Dalecarliandalkarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying tidWhen those who were to judge the contest saw this, they said to the smith from Härjedalen that it wasn't worth his while trying, for he could not forge better than the man from Dalarna nor faster than the man from Värmland.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sågsomwhosom · pronounsubject of dömaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
skullewere toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of dömadömato judgedöma · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on deomonom · prepositionpreposition marking tävlingentävlingenthe contesttävling · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of dömasågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sadepast tense of se, 'to see.'
dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sågsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking HärjedalssmedenHärjedalssmedenthe Härjedalen smithHärjedalssmeden · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lönadedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lönadeintenotinte · particlemodifies lönadelönadewas worthwhilelöna · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of sadesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of lönadeförforför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lönadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of försökainfinitive marker before a verb.
försökato tryförsöka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on lönadeförforför · prepositionpreposition marking bättrebättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies försökaänthanän · prepositionpreposition marking dalkarlendalkarlenthe Dalecarliandalkarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of försökaelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfortarefastfort · adverbcoordinated with dalkarlenänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking värmlänningenvärmlänningenVärmland manvärmlänning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of smidakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of smidahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of smidaintenotinte · particlemodifies smidasmidaforgesmida · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with lönade'I don't wish to give up.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies gevillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gegeto givege · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of geThere must surely be another way to distinguish oneself,' said the man from Härjedalen.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnasskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of finnasvälmustväl · adverbmodifies finnasfinnasto existfinnas · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceännuanotherännu · adverbmodifies finnasettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of finnasatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of utmärkainfinitive marker before a verb.
utmärkadistinguish oneselfutmärka · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying sättsigoneselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of utmärkapådistinguish oneselfpå · prepositionpreposition marking utmärkasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to finnashärjingenthe Härjedalen manhärjing · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeHe laid the iron on the anvil without first heating it in the forge, hammered it warm, and forged nail after nail without needing either coal or bellows.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ladeladelaidla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentence"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
järnetironjärn · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of ladepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking städetstädetthe anvilstäd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ladeutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of värmaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of värmainfinitive marker before a verb.
förstfirstförst · adverbmodifies värmavärmato warmvärma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on ladedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of värmaiini · prepositionpreposition marking ässjanässjanthe forgeässja · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of värmahamradehammeredhamra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with värmadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with hamradevarmtwarmvarm · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hamradeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmiddeforgedsmi · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with värmaspiknailspik · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of smiddepåafterpå · prepositionpreposition marking spikspiknailspik · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of smiddeutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of behövaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of behövainfinitive marker before a verb.
behövaneedbehöva · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on smiddevarkenneithervarken · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkolcoalkol · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with behövaelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblästerbellowsbläst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with kolNo one had ever seen a smith wield the hammer more masterfully, and the smith from Härjedalen was declared the finest in the land."
Ingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hanteraenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of smedsmedsmithsmed · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hanterahanterato handlehantera · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencehammarenhammerhammare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hanteramästerligaremore masterfullymästerlig · adverbmodifies hanteraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationHärjedalssmedenthe Härjedalen smithHärjedalssmeden · proper noun, nominativesubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hanteraförklaraddeclaredförklara · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevförasför · prepositionpreposition marking ypperstadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ypperstaypperstathe finestyppersta · adjective, nominative, singularadverbial clause on blevithroughouti · prepositionpreposition marking landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of blev- 37
With these words Bataki fell silent, but the boy grew now even more pensive.
Medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking orddessathesedenna · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ordordwordsord · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of tystnadetystnadefell silenttystna · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies BatakiBatakiBatakibataki · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of blevName of the raven Bataki; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a common noun.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies blevännuevenännu · adverbmodifies merameramoremycket · adverbmodifies fundersamfundersampensivefundersam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blev "I wonder what purpose you have in telling me this," he said.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undrarundrarwondersundra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of harduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of undrarförkind offör · prepositionmodifies harmeningpurposemening · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase förmedwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of berättaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of berättainfinitive marker before a verb.
berättato tellberätta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on förmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of berättadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of berättasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to undrarhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade— "That story crossed my mind when I caught sight of the old smithy," Bataki answered quite indifferently.
Deniten · pronoun, common gender, singularhead of the phrasedärtheredär · adverbmodifies föllhistorienthe storyhistorie · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of föllföllfellföll · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Denmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of föllito mindi · prepositionpreposition marking hågenhågenmindhåg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of föllnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sefickcaught sight offå · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fölldenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of smedjangamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies smedjansmedjansmithysmedja · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sesvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activemodifies BatakiBatakiBatakibataki · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of likgiltigtName of the raven Bataki; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a common noun.
heltquitehelt · adverbmodifies likgiltigtlikgiltigtindifferentlylikgiltig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with se- 38
The two travelers rose again into the air, and the raven carried the boy south to the parish of Lillhärdal, which borders Dalarna.
Detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of resenärernaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
tvåtwotvå · numeral, nominativequantifies resenärernaresenärernathe travelersresenär · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of höjdehöjderaisedhöja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of höjdeåteragainåter · adverbmodifies höjdeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of höjdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fördefördecarriedförde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with höjdepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fördesöderutsouthwardsöderut · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fördeThis is the adverb söderut, mistagged as a noun.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking sockenLillhärdalsLillhärdal'sLillhärdal · proper noun, genitivepossessor of sockensockenparishsocke · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of fördesomwhichsom · pronounsubject of gränsarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
gränsarbordersgränsa · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on sockenmotwithmot · prepositionpreposition marking DalarnaDalarnaDalarnaDalarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gränsarSwedish province.
There he swooped down onto a tree-covered mound that lay on the crest of a ridge.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies slogslogswooped downsla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLemma is a variant spelling of 'slå'; the particle verb's sense shifts with context.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slognerdownner · adverbdepends on slogpåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking högenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of högträdbevuxenwoodedträdbevuxen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies höghögpilehög · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slogsomthatsom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
låglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on slogpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking krönetkrönetcrestkrön · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of lågavofav · prepositionpreposition marking åsenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of åsåsridgeås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies krönet"I wonder if you know what kind of mound it is that you're standing on?" said Bataki.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undrarundrarwondersundra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vetduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of undrarvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularintroduces the clause of högdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of högärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to högförkind offör · prepositionpreposition marking högenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of höghögtallhög · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of vetsomthatsom · pronoundirect object of stårThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on högpåonpå · prepositiondepends on stårsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceBatakiBatakibataki · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sadeName of the raven Bataki; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a common noun.
No, the boy had to admit that he did not know.
Nejnonej · interjectionhead of the phrasedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on erkännamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of erkännajuafter allju · adverbmodifies erkännapojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of erkännaerkännato admiterkänna · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to Nejattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of visstehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vissteintenotinte · particlemodifies visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on erkänna— "Well, it's a burial mound," said Bataki.
Jowell/yesjo · interjectiondepends on gravhögused to affirm or answer a question, often contradicting an implied doubt.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gravhögärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to gravhögenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gravhöggravhögburial moundgravhög · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to gravhögBatakiBatakibataki · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sadeName of the raven Bataki; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a common noun.
"It was raised over a man named Härjulf, who was the first to settle in Härjedalen and begin cultivating the land."
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of blivitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceoppkastadraisedoppkastad · verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominativecomplement of blivitOpp is a historical spelling of modern upp.
överoveröver · prepositionpreposition marking manenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of manmanmanman · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blivitsomwhosom · pronounsubject of hetteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hettewas namedhette · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on manmistagged as a noun; it is the past tense of 'heta' (to be named/called).
HärjulfHärjulfHärjulf · nounoblique complement of blivitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to förstedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of försteförstefirstförst · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularcoordinated with blivitsomwhosom · pronounsubject of bosatteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
bosattesettledbosatte · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on förstesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bosatteiini · prepositionpreposition marking HärjedalenHärjedalenHärjedalenHärjedalen · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of bosatteName of a Swedish province.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blivitodlato cultivateodla · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadeoppupopp · noun, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on börjadeMistagged as a noun; opp is the colloquial spelling of upp, "up".
landetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of började— "Do you perhaps have a story to tell about him too?" said the boy.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies harenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of historiahistoriastoryhistoria · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of berättainfinitive marker before a verb.
berättato tellberätta · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying historiaomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of berättaocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies berättasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade- 39
"I haven't heard much about him, but I believe he must have been a Norwegian.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörtharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörtintenotinte · particlemodifies hörthörtheardhöra · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencemycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies hörtomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hörtmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with hörtattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of norrmanhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of norrmanskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of norrmanhahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of norrmanvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to norrmanenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of norrmannorrmanNorwegiannorrman · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of tror At first he was in service to a Norwegian king, but he fell out with him, so that he had to flee the country.
Förstfirstförst · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of variin servicei · prepositionmodifies vartjänstservicetjänst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase ihoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking kungenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kungnorskNorwegiannorsk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kungkungkingkung · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of varmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkaderåkadefell outråka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with variat oddsi · prepositionpreposition marking osämjaosämjadiscordosämja · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of råkademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking dennedennehe/this onedenne · pronoun, masculine, singularmodifies osämjasåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of flyattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flymåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of flyflyto fleefly · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on varurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of flyHe then betook himself to the Swedish king, who lived in Uppsala, and entered his service.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of begavbegavset offbegav · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceReflexive 'begav sig' = 'made his/her way, set off'; lemma should be 'begiva'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of begavdåthendå · adverbmodifies begavtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking kungendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kungensvenskeSwedishsvensk · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularmodifies kungenkungenkingkung · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of begavsomwhosom · pronounsubject of boddeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
boddelivedboda · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on kungeniini · prepositionpreposition marking UppsalaUppsalaUppsalaUppsala · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of boddeSwedish university city.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with begavtjänstservicetjänst · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of toghoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of togBut after a time he asked to have the king's sister for his wife, and when the king wouldn't give him so noble a bride, he fled away with her.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of begärdeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of begärdebegärdeasked forbegärde · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on flyddehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of begärdeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fågetfå · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of begärdekungensking'skung · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of systersystersistersyster · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåtillfortill · prepositionpreposition marking hustruhustruwifehustru · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gekungenkingkung · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of geintenotinte · particlemodifies gevillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gegeto givege · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with fåhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of geenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of brudsåsoså · adverbmodifies förnämförnämnobleförnäm · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies brudbrudbridebrud · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of geflyddefledfly · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flyddebortawaybort · adverbdepends on flyddemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flyddeHe had now arranged matters so that he could live neither in Norway nor in Sweden, and he did not wish to move abroad.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ställthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ställtnunownu · adverbmodifies ställtställtput/placedställa · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on flyttadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of ställtsåsoså · adverbmodifies ställtförforför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of ställtattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bohanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bointenotinte · particlemodifies bokundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of boboto livebo · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on ställt"To dwell/live"; not to be confused with bo, "nest".
iini · prepositionpreposition marking NorgeNorgeNorwayNorge · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of boochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies Sverigeiini · prepositionpreposition marking SverigeSverigeSwedenSverige · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with boochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtillabroadtill · prepositionpreposition marking utlandetutlandetabroadutland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with ställtvillewantedvilja · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flyttahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flyttaintenotinte · particlemodifies flyttaflyttamoveflytta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentence'But surely there must be another way out,' he thought, and set off with his servants and treasures northward through Dalarna, until he reached the great wilderness forests that spread out above the Dalarna border.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of passive gesskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gesvälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies gesgesbe givenge · verb, passive, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceännuanotherännu · adverbmodifies enenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of utvägutvägway oututväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gestänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with utväghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdrogset offdrogma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with utvägmedwithmed · prepositiondepends on drogsinahissig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of tjänaretjänareservantstjänare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of drogochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskattertreasuresskatt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with tjänarenorrutnorthwardnorrut · adverbmodifies droggenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking DalarnaDalarnaDalarnaDalarna · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of drogtillsuntiltills · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of uppnåddehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of uppnåddeuppnåddereacheduppnåda · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gesdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ödeskogarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
storabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ödeskogarnaödeskogarnathe wilderness forestsödeskog · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of uppnåddesomthatsom · pronounsubject of utbreddeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
utbreddespread oututbre · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on ödeskogarnasigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of utbreddeovanföraboveovanför · adverbpreposition marking DalgränsenDalgränsenthe Dalarna borderDalgränsen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utbreddeThere he settled down, built himself a house, and broke ground, and thus became the first to settle in that part of the country."
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies slogslogsettled downslå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slogsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of slognerdownner · adverbmodifies slogbyggdebuiltbygga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with slogsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of byggdehushousehus · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of byggdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbrötbrokebröt · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with slogbygdsettlementbygd · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of brötochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with slogsålundathussålunda · adverbmodifies blevdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of försteförstethe firstförste · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularcomplement of blevsomwhosom · pronounsubject of bosatteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
bosattesettledbosatte · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on förstesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bosatteiini · prepositionpreposition marking landsändandennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of landsändanlandsändanthat partlandsändan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bosatte- 40
When the boy heard this last story, he grew even more pensive than before.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hördepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blevdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of historiensistalastsista · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies historienhistorienthe storyhistorie · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hördeblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevännuevenännu · adverbmodifies merameramoremycket · adverbmodifies fundersamfundersampensivefundersam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förutförutbeforeförut · adverbadverbial clause on fundersam "I wonder what purpose you have in telling me all this," he said once again.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undrarundrarwondersundra · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sadevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of harduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of undrarförkind offör · prepositionmodifies harmeningpurposemening · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase förmedwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of berättaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of berättainfinitive marker before a verb.
berättato tellberätta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on förmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of berättaalltallall · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of berättasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeänthanän · subordinating conjunctionmodifies sadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sadeBataki answered nothing for a while, but twisted and turned his head and squeezed his eyes shut.
BatakiBatakibataki · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of svaradeName of the raven Bataki; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a common noun.
svaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of svaradepåforpå · prepositionpreposition marking stundenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of svaradeutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
vredangryvred · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ögonenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvändeturnedväna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vredPast tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända.
påturnedpå · prepositionpreposition marking huvudethuvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of vredochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationknepsqueezedknep · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with vredMistagged as a noun; the examples all show 'knep' as the past tense of 'knipa' (to seize/snatch/pinch).
ihoptogetherihop · adverbcoordinated with vredögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with svarade"Since we are all alone here like this," he said at last, "let me take the chance to ask you something.
Eftersomsinceeftersom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ensammaviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of ensammaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to ensammasålikeså · adverbmodifies ensammahärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase såensammaaloneensam · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on passahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadetillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies sadesistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase tillskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of passajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passapassatake the chancepassa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencepåthe chancepå · prepositiondepends on passaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfrågaquestionfråga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with pådigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of passaomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking sakenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of saksakthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of passaHave you ever found out properly what condition that gnome, who transformed you, has set for you to become human again?"
Harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tagitduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tagitnågonsinevernågonsin · adverbmodifies tagittagittakenta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceriktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies tagitredafind outreda · adverbdepends on tagitpart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påoutpå · prepositionpreposition marking vadvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of tagitdeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularexpletive with vaddärtheredär · adverbmodifies satttomtentomte (gnome)tomt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattfalse friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of förvandladeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
förvandladetransformedförvandla · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on tomtendigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of förvandladeharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sattsattputsätta · verb, active, supinerelative clause on densomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of villkorvillkorconditionvillkor · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcomplement of sattförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of bliattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase förduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bliskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sattmänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bli— "I haven't heard of any other condition than that I should carry the white gander unharmed up to Lapland and back down to Skåne again."
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive talasharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of talasintenotinte · particlemodifies talashörtheardhöra · verb, active, supineauxiliary of talastalasto be talked abouttala · verb, passive, infinitivedepends on —Idiom hört talas om = 'heard tell of.'
omofom · prepositionpreposition marking villkornågotanynågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of villkorannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies villkorvillkorconditionvillkor · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of talasänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of föraattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of föraskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of föraföracarryföra · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with talasdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåskarlenvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gåskarlengåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies oskaddmorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
oskaddunharmedoskadd · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of föraFunctions as an adjective ('unharmed'), though the backbone tags it as a noun.
oppupoppa · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularpreposition marking villkorOpp is a historical spelling of modern upp.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking LapplandLapplandLaplandLappland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of oppochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnerdownner · adverbcoordinated with Lapplandtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking SkåneSkåneSkåneSkåne · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of nerigenagainigen · adverbmodifies opp— "That's just what I thought," said Bataki, "for the last time we met, you spoke so proudly about how there was nothing so ugly as betraying a friend who trusts one.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trokundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trojustjustjust · adverbmodifies trotrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of trosadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to troBatakiBatakibataki · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sadeName of the raven Bataki; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a common noun.
förforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of råkadessistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase förviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive råkadesråkadeswe metråka · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with sadetaladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadeduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of taladesåsoså · adverbmodifies taladestoltproudstolt · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of taladeomthatom · prepositionintroduces the clause of fannsattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fannsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsintenotinte · particlemodifies fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativeadverbial clause on stoltexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
någotnothingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of fannssåsoså · adverbmodifies fultfultuglyful · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of fannssomwhosom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of svikaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of svikainfinitive marker before a verb.
svikabetrayingsvika · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fannsenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vänvänfriendvän · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of svikasomwhosom · pronounsubject of litarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
litartrustslita · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on vänpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking enenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of litarYou really ought to ask Akka about the condition.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Akkabordeought toböra · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of AkkaBare borde is simple past modal ("ought to"/"should"); the perfect sense ("ought to have") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth ("borde släppa taget") has no ha and translates as plain "ought to."
alltallall · adverbmodifies Akkafrågaquestionfråga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase alltAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
omaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking villkoretvillkoretconditionvillkor · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of AkkaYou know she was at your home and spoke with the gnome."
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of vethemmaat homehemma · adverbmodifies varhoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of hemmaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtaladetalkedtala · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with varTagged as an adjective but is talade, the past tense of tala, 'to talk'.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking tomtentomtentomte (gnome)tomt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of taladefalse friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'.
— "Akka hasn't told me anything about this," said the boy.
AkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of sagtproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagtintenotinte · particlemodifies sagtsagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sademigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of sagtnågotanythingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sagtomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of sagtsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade— "She has probably thought it was best for you not to know how the gnome's words turned out.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tycktvälprobablyväl · adverbmodifies tyckttycktthoughttycka · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bästdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of bästvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to bästbästbestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativeclausal complement of tycktförforför · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bästatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vetainfinitive marker before a verb.
intenotinte · particlemodifies vetavetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitivedepends on bästhurhowhur · adverbmodifies fölltomtensgnome'stomt · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of ordGenitive of 'tomte', the household spirit, not 'tomt' (a plot of land).
ordwordord · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of föllföllfellföll · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of vetasigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of föllShe would of course rather help you than Morten Goosey-Gander."
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hjälpavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hjälpaförståsof courseförstås · adverbmodifies hjälpahellreratherhellre · adverbmodifies förståshjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälpaänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of MårtenMårtenMortenMårten · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of hjälpathe studio translation renders this name as 'Morten'.
gåskarlgandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Mårten— "It's strange, Bataki, that you should always manage to make me sad and uneasy," said the boy.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of besynnerligtärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to besynnerligtbesynnerligtstrangebesynnerlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseBatakiBatakibataki · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with besynnerligtattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varaalltidalwaysalltid · adverbmodifies varaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varavarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivedepends on besynnerligtiablei · prepositionmodifies varaståndablestånd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase iatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göramakegöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on varamigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of göraledsensadledse · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of göraLemma normalized to older form 'ledse'; modern spelling is 'ledsen'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationoroligtroubledorolig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ledsensadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with besynnerligtpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade— "It may well seem so," said the raven, "but this time I think you'll be grateful to me for telling you that the gnome's words were, that you should get to become human if you could bring Morten Goosey-Gander home, so that your mother could lay him on the chopping block."
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of passive tyckaskancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tyckasnogwellnog · adverbmodifies tyckastyckasto seemtycka · verb, passive, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies tyckassadesaidsa · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to tyckaskorpenravenkorp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gångenhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase dengångentimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sadejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trorattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blirduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of trortacksamgratefultacksam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blirmottomot · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blirförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of sägerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sägerjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägersägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blirdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sägerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lyddetomtensgnome'stomt · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of ordGenitive of 'tomte', the household spirit, not 'tomt' (a plot of land).
ordwordord · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of passive lyddelyddereadlydde · verb, past, indicative, passiveclausal complement of trorsåsoså · adverbmodifies lyddeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivesubject of sademänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bliomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of föraduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of föraförabringföra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on blihemhomehem · adverbdepends on föraMårtenMortenMårt · proper noun, nominativepossessor of gåskarlLemma is the shortened stem 'Mårt'; surface 'Mårten' is the gander's full name.
gåskarlgandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of läggaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sådinyourdu · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of mormormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of läggafickgot tofå · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of läggaläggato lay/putlägga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sadehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of läggapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking slaktbänkenslaktbänkenchopping blockslaktbänk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lägga- 41
The boy sprang up.
Pojkenboypojk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseforsprangfor · prepositionmodifies PojkenPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
uppupupp · adverbpart of the phrase for "That's nothing but a wicked invention of yours," he cried.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phrasedärtheredär · adverbmodifies annatärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to annatvälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies annatintenotinte · particlemodifies annatannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularrelative clause on Detänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of påhittettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of påhittelaktwickedelakt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies påhittpåhittinventionpåhitn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies Detavofav · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies påhittropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Dethanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropade— "You can ask Akka herself," said Bataki, "I see that she's coming up there with the whole flock.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of frågafrågaquestionfråga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of frågaproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
självherselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying Akkasadesaidsade · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to frågaBatakiBatakibataki · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sadeThe raven character's name.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to sadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommerhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of sadedäroppeup theredäroppe · adverbdirect object of kommermedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking flockenhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies flockenflockenflockflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommerDon't forget now what I've told you today!
GlömforgetGlöm · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies Glömintenotinte · particlemodifies Glömdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of Glömsomthatsom · pronoundirect object of berättatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of berättatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of berättatberättattoldberätta · verb, active, supineclausal complement of Glömdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of berättatitodayi · prepositionmodifies berättatdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iThere's probably a way out of every difficulty, if only one can find it.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsfinnsthere isfinnas · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentencenogprobablynog · adverbmodifies finnsenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of utvägutvägway oututväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finnsurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking svårigheterallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of svårighetersvårigheterdifficultiessvårighet · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies utvägbarajustbara · adverbmodifies finnamanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finnakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of finnafinnafindfinna · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with finnsredafind outreda · adverbdepends on finnapart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påfindpå · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of finnaIt will gladden me to see how you succeed."
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of glädjaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of glädjaglädjato delightglädja · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of glädjaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on glädjahurhowhur · adverbmodifies lyckasdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lyckaslyckassucceedslycka · verb, present, indicativeclausal complement of sedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lyckas
The particulars
- The text
- Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige, Selma Lagerlöf. The Wonderful Adventures of Nils.
- Translation
- Public-domain Swedish (Lagerlöf, d. 1940; published 1906–07). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
- Words
- Every word of the text, by letter.
- Data
- JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents