Swedish · The Wonderful Adventures of Nils
Mot söder! Mot söder!
South! South!
Tap a sentence to open its words.
- 1
The boy sat on the white gander's back and rode along high up in the sky.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåonpå · prepositiondepends on sattdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåskarlensvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gåskarlensgåskarlensgander'sgåskarl · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of ryggryggbackrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationredrodered · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with ryggPast tense of 'rida' (to ride), mistagged as a proper noun.
framforwardfram · adverbmodifies högthögthighhög · adverbmodifies redthis type bundles the positive, comparative, and superlative degree forms (högt, högre, högst) under one entry.
uppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies sattiini · prepositionpreposition marking skynskynthe skyskyn · nounoblique complement of satt Thirty-one wild geese flew in orderly formation swiftly toward the south.
Trettienthirty-oneTrettien · proper noun, genitivepossessor of vildgässvildgässwild geesevildgäss · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of flögoflögoflewflögo · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking fylkingordnadorderlyordnad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fylkingfylkingformationfylking · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flögorasktbrisklyrask · adverbmodifies flögomottowardmot · prepositionmodifies flögosödersouthsöder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase motIt roared in the feathers, and the many wings whipped the air with such a whine that one could hardly hear one's own voice.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with brusadebrusaderoaredbrusa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceiini · prepositionpreposition marking fjädrarnafjädrarnafeathersfjädr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of brusadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vingarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
mångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vingarnavingarnathe wingsvingarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of piskadelemma should be vinge 'wing'.
piskadewhippedpiska · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with brusadeluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of piskademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vinandeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of vinandesådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies vinandevinandea whinevinande · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of piskadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of höramanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höraknappthardlyknappt · adverbmodifies hörakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörahörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying vinandesinone's ownsig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of röstegenownegen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies röströstvoiceröst · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of höraAkka from Kebnekaise flew at the head, and after her followed Yksi and Kaksi, Kolme and Neljä, Viisi and Kuusi, Morten Goosey-Gander and Dunfin.
AkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of flögproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
frånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking KebnekajseKebnekajseKebnekaiseKebnekajse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies AkkaMountain in Lapland; Akka's epithet 'from Kebnekajse.'
flögflewflög · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceActually the past tense of flyga ('to fly'), mistagged here as present.
iat the headi · prepositionpreposition marking spetsenspetsenfront/headspetse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flögi spetsen = 'at the head/front' (of a line).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of följdeföljdefollowedföljde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with flögYksiYksiYksi · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of följdeOne of Akka's flock, named for the Finnish word for 'one'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationKaksiKaksiKaksi · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with YksiName of one of the wild geese.
KolmeKolmeKolme · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Yksiochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationNeljäNeljäNeljä · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with KolmeViisiViisiViisi · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with YksiName of one of the wild geese (Finnish for "five").
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationKuusiKuusiKuusi · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with YksiProper name of one of the goslings.
MårtenMortenMårten · proper noun, nominativesubject of följdethe studio translation renders this name as 'Morten'.
gåskarlgandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Mårtenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationDunfinDunfinDunfin · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with MårtenThe six young geese who had accompanied the flock the previous autumn had now left it to fend for themselves.
Detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of unggässenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
sexsixsex · numeral, nominativequantifies unggässenunggässenyoung geeseunggäss · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lämnatsurface 'unggässen' is plural definite (the young geese) despite the singular tag.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of ledsagadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ledsagadeaccompaniedledsaga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on unggässenflockenflockflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ledsagadeförrapreviousförra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies höstenhöstenautumnhöst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ledsagadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lämnatnunownu · adverbmodifies lämnatlämnatleftlämna · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of lämnatförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of skötaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of skötainfinitive marker before a verb.
skötato tend tosköta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on lämnatsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of skötasjälvathemselvessjälv · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of skötaInstead the old geese brought with them twenty-two goslings, who had grown up in the mountain valley that summer.
Iinsteadi · prepositionmodifies fördeställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase Ifördebroughtföra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceSecond example 'en smal stig, som förde inåt skogen' = 'a narrow path that led into the forest' — a path leading, not carrying — a distinct sense from the first example ('förde ju lycka med sig' = 'brought good luck').
detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of gässenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
gamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gässengässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fördegässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of fördetjugotvåtwenty-twotjugotvå · numeral, nominativequantifies gässlingargässlingargoslingsgässling · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of fördesomwhosom · pronounsubject of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on gässlingarväxtgrownväxt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeActually the supine of the verb växa "to grow", mislabeled as a noun; all examples mean "has/had grown".
uppupupp · adverbdepends on hadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking fjälldalenfjälldalenmountain valleyfjälldal · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadedennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sommarsommarsummersommar · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeEleven flew to the right and eleven to the left, and they did their best to keep even distances from one another just like the grown ones.
ElvaelevenElva · proper noun, nominativesubject of flögoflögoflewflögo · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking tillhögerright (side)höger · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase tillochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationelvaelevenelva · numeral, nominativecoordinated with tilltilltotill · prepositionmodifies flögovänsterleftvänster · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase tillthe left side/direction.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with flögositthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of bästapossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
bästabestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativedirect object of gjordeförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of hållaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hållainfinitive marker before a verb.
hållato keep evenhålla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gjordejämnaeven/leveljämn · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies avståndavstånddistancesavstånd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of hållamellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking varandravarandraeach othervarandra · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of hållaliksomjust likeliksom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of storadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of storaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
storabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on hålla- 2
The poor young ones had never before made a long journey, and at first they had trouble keeping up with the swift flight.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of passive stackarsstackarspoorstackars · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentenceBackbone mistags this as a verb; stackars is the indeclinable adjective 'poor/wretched'.
ungarnayoung onesunge · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of gjorthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjortaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies gjortförrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies gjortgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supineparallel clause to stackarsnågonanynågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of långturlångturlong journeylångtur · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gjortochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiat firsti · prepositionpreposition marking börjanbörjanbeginningbörjan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stackarsdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadesvårtdifficultsvår · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of följainfinitive marker before a verb.
följato followfölja · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hademedwithmed · prepositiondepends on följapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking färdendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of färdensnabbaswiftsnabb · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies färdenfärdenjourneyfärd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of följa "Akka from Kebnekaise! Akka from Kebnekaise!" they cried in a pitiful tone.
AkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
frånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking KebnekajseKebnekajseKebnekaiseKebnekajse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of AkkaMountain in Lapland; Akka's epithet 'from Kebnekajse.'
AkkaAkkaAkka · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseProper name of the lead goose; mistagged as common noun.
frånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking KebnekajseKebnekajseKebnekaiseKebnekajse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of AkkaMountain in Lapland; Akka's epithet 'from Kebnekajse.'
ropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ropadeiin a tonei · prepositionpreposition marking tonjämmerfullpitifuljämmerfull · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tontontoneton · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ropade—"What's the matter?" asked the leader-goose.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåthe matterpå · prepositiondepends on stårfrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceförargåsenlead gooseförargåse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågade—"Our wings are too tired to move. Our wings are too tired to move," screamed the young ones.
Våraourvi · pronoun, pluralpossessor of vingarPossessive form våra of the plural pronoun vi.
vingarwingsving · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of tröttnatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tröttnattröttnatgrown wearytröttna · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of rörainfinitive marker before a verb.
röramoveröra · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of tröttnatsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of röraVåraourvi · pronoun, pluralpossessor of vingarPossessive form våra of the plural pronoun vi.
vingarwingsving · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of tröttnatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tröttnattröttnatgrown wearytröttna · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of rörainfinitive marker before a verb.
röramoveröra · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of tröttnatsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of röraskrekocried outskreko · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with tröttnatTagged as a noun but is the past plural of skrika, 'to cry/shout' (kommo, gingo-style historical plural).
ungarnayoung onesunge · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with skreko—"It gets better the longer you keep at it," answered the leader-goose, and she did not slacken her pace in the least, but continued as before.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebättrebetterbra · adverbmodifies gårjutheju · adverbmodifies hållerlängrelongerlänge · adverbmodifies hållerniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hållersecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
hållerkeepshålla · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gårpåat itpå · prepositiondepends on hållersvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to gårförargåsenlead gooseförargås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svaradeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsaktadeslackenedsakta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with svaradeintenotinte · particlemodifies saktadefartenspeedfart · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of saktadedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of minstaminstaleastliten · adjective, nominative, superlativedirect object of saktadeutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
fortsattecontinuedfortsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with svaradesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förutförutbeforeförut · adverbadverbial clause on fortsatteAnd it really seemed as if she would be proved right in what she had said, for once the goslings had flown a couple of hours, they no longer complained of tiredness.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with tycktestycktesseemedtycktes · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceverkligenreallyverkligen · adverbmodifies tycktessomas ifsom · pronounsubject of fåThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfåbe proved rightfå · verb, active, infinitivedepends on tycktesrättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåiini · prepositionpreposition marking vadvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of klagadehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sagthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagtsagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supinerelative clause on vadförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of flugitnärwhennär · adverbmodifies flugitFunctions as a subordinating conjunction, not an adverb.
gässlingarnathe goslingsgässlingarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of flugithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flugitflugitflownfluga · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on klagadeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies timmartimmarhourstimme · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of flugitklagadecomplainedklaga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fådetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of klagadeintenotinte · particlemodifies trötthetmerlongermycket · adverbmodifies överöveroföver · prepositionpreposition marking trötthettrötthetwearinesströtthet · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of klagadeBut in the mountain valley they had been used to eating all day long, and it was not long before they began to long for food.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiini · prepositionpreposition marking fjälldalenfjälldalenthe mountain valleyfjälldale · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vanahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vanadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of vanavaritbeenvara · verb, active, supinecopula linking to vanavanaused tovana · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ätainfinitive marker before a verb.
ätaeatäta · verb, active, infinitivedepends on vanahelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ätaigenomthroughigenom · adverbdepends on ätaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of dröjdedröjdewas long in comingdröj · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vanaIdiomatic: "det dröjde inte länge" = "it was not long before."
intenotinte · particlemodifies dröjdeförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies börjadeused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on dröjdelängtato long forlängta · verb, active, infinitivedirect object of börjadeefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking matmatfoodmat · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of började- 3
"Akka, Akka, Akka from Kebnekaise!" cried the young geese in a pitiful voice.
AkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
AkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Akkaproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
AkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Akkaproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
frånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking KebnekajseKebnekajseKebnekaiseKebnekajse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies AkkaMountain in Lapland; Akka's epithet 'from Kebnekajse.'
ropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceunggässenyoung geeseunggäss · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropadesurface 'unggässen' is plural definite (the young geese) despite the singular tag.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking röstömkligpitifulömklig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies röströstvoiceröst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ropade —"What's the matter now?" asked the leader-goose.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies stårpåthe matterpå · prepositiondepends on stårfrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceförargåsenlead gooseförargåse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågade—"We are so hungry that we can't manage to fly any longer," screamed the young ones. "We are so hungry that we can't manage to fly any longer."
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hungrigaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to hungrigasåsoså · adverbmodifies hungrigahungrigahungryhungrig · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of orkarviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of orkarintenotinte · particlemodifies orkarorkarmanagesorka · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hungrigaflygaflyflyga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of orkarlängreany longerlänge · adverbmodifies flygaskrekocried outskreko · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with orkarTagged as a noun but is the past plural of skrika, 'to cry/shout' (kommo, gingo-style historical plural).
ungarnayoung onesunge · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with skrekoViwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hungrigaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to hungrigasåsoså · adverbmodifies hungrigahungrigahungryhungrig · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of orkarviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of orkarintenotinte · particlemodifies orkarorkarmanagesorka · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hungrigaflygaflyflyga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of orkarlängreany longerlänge · adverbmodifies flyga—"Wild geese must learn to eat air and drink wind," answered the leader-goose, and she made no halt at all, but continued as before.
Vildgässwild geesevildgäss · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of läraskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of läraläralearnlära · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ätainfinitive marker before a verb.
ätaeatäta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of läraluftairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ätaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsupadrinksupa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with luftvindwindvind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with luftvind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form.
svaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with läraförargåsenlead gooseförargås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svaradeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with svaradeintenotinte · particlemodifies gjordenågotanynågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of uppehålluppehållpauseuppehåll · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gjordeutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
fortsattecontinuedfortsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with svaradesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förutförutbeforeförut · adverbadverbial clause on fortsatte- 4
It almost seemed as if the young ones had learned to live on air and wind, for once they had flown a while, they no longer complained of hunger.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with tycktestycktesseemedtycktes · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentencenästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies tycktessomas ifsom · pronounsubject of lärtThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lärtungarnayoung onesunge · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of lärtskullehadskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lärthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of lärtlärtlearnedlära · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on tycktessigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of lärtatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of levainfinitive marker before a verb.
levato liveleva · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of lärtavonav · prepositionpreposition marking luftluftairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of levaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvindwindvind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with luftvind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form.
förforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of flugitnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of flugitdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of flugithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flugitflugitflownfluga · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on levaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of flugitklagadecomplainedklaga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tycktesdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of klagadeintenotinte · particlemodifies mermerlongermycket · adverbmodifies överöveroföver · prepositionpreposition marking hungerhungerhungerhunger · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of klagade The wild goose flock was still up among the mountains, and the old geese called out the names of every peak they passed, so that the young ones might learn what they were called.
Vildgåsflockenthe wild goose flockvildgåsflock · proper noun, nominativesubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceännustillännu · adverbmodifies varkvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on varuppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies variamongi · prepositionpreposition marking fjällenfjällenmountainsfjälle · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uppesurface fjällen here is the definite plural of fjäll ('mountain'), meaning 'the mountains'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of gässenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
gamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gässengässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropadegässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
ropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with varutoutut · adverbdepends on ropadenamnennamesnamn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of ropadepåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking bergtopparallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of bergtopparbergtopparmountain peaksbergtopp · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of ropadesomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of foroThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of foroSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
forotraveledforo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralrelative clause on bergtopparArchaic plural past tense of fara ("to go/travel"), not a noun; the parser mistagged it.
förbipastförbi · adverbmodifies foroförso thatför · prepositionintroduces the clause of läraattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase fördetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ungaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
ungayoungung · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of läraskullemightskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lärafåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of läraläralearnlära · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on ropadesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of läravadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of läradetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hettehettewere calledheta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase vadBut when they had gone on a while calling, "This is Porsotjokko, this is Sarjektjokko, this is Sulitelma," the young ones grew impatient again.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hållitdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hållithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållithållitgone onhålla · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceSurface "hållit" spans several idioms in this book: literal "held" (hållit trogen vakt = kept faithful watch), "hållit ut" (held out/endured), "hållit på" (had been -ing, continuous aspect), and "hållit sig" (stayed/remained). A single fixed gloss of "held" misrenders the hållit på / hållit sig examples.
pågone onpå · prepositionpreposition marking stundenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hållitmedwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of ropaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ropainfinitive marker before a verb.
ropato call outropa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hållitDettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of Porsotjokkoärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to PorsotjokkoPorsotjokkoPorsotjokkoporsotjokko · noundepends on Sarjektjokkodettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of Sarjektjokkoärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to SarjektjokkoSarjektjokkoSarjektjokkoSarjektjokko · proper noun, nominativehead of the phrasedettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of Sulitelmaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to SulitelmaSulitelmaSulitelmaSulitelma · proper noun, nominativeparallel clause to Sarjektjokkoblevobecameblevo · verb, active, supinemodifies Sulitelmalemma should be bli 'to become'; blevo is the archaic plural past tense (they became).
ungarnayoung onesunge · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of blevootåligaimpatientotålig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies blevopåagainpå · prepositionpreposition marking nyttnyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies blevo- 5
"Akka, Akka, Akka!" they cried in a heart-rending voice.
AkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
AkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Akkaproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
AkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Akkaproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
ropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ropademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking rösthjärtslitandeheart-rendinghjärtslitande · adjective, nominativemodifies röströstvoiceröst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ropade —"What's the matter?" asked the leader-goose.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåthe matterpå · prepositiondepends on stårfrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceförargåsenlead gooseförargåse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågade—"We have no room for more names in our heads," screamed the young ones. "We have no room for more names in our heads."
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fårfårhavefå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies fårrumroomrum · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fårmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking namnfleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies namnnamnnamesnamn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of fåriini · prepositionpreposition marking huvudenvåraourvi · pronoun, pluralpossessor of huvudenPossessive form våra of the plural pronoun vi.
huvudenheadshuvude · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of fårskrekocried outskreko · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with fårTagged as a noun but is the past plural of skrika, 'to cry/shout' (kommo, gingo-style historical plural).
ungarnayoung onesunge · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldepends on skrekoViwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fårfårhavefå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies fårrumroomrum · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fårmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking namnfleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies namnnamnnamesnamn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of fåriini · prepositionpreposition marking huvudenvåraourvi · pronoun, pluralpossessor of huvudenPossessive form våra of the plural pronoun vi.
huvudenheadshuvude · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of får—"The more that goes into a head, the more room there gets to be," answered the leader-goose, and she went on calling out the remarkable names in just the same way.
Jutheju · conjunctionmodifies merameramoremycket · adverbadverbial clause on blirsomthatsom · pronounsubject of kommerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on meraininin · adverbdepends on kommeriintoi · prepositionpreposition marking huvudettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of huvudhuvudheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommerdestothedesto · adverbmodifies bättrebättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies rumrumroomrum · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of blirsvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to blirförargåsenlead gooseförargås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svaradeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfortsattecontinuedfortsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with svaradeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ropainfinitive marker before a verb.
ropato call outropa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fortsatteutoutut · adverbdepends on ropadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of namnenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
märkvärdigaremarkablemärkvärdig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies namnennamnennamesnamn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of ropapåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ropa- 6
The boy thought to himself that it was high time the wild geese set off toward the south, for so much snow had fallen that the ground lay white as far as he could see.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of tänktesjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sigattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tänktepåhigh timepå · prepositionpreposition marking tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of varattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of begåvovildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of begåvoattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
begåvoset offbegåvo · verb, active, infinitivedepends on varArchaic plural past tense of 'begiva sig' (to betake oneself).
sigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of begåvomottowardmot · prepositiondepends on begåvosödersouthsöder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase motförforför · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinecoordinated with varsåsoså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies snösnösnowsnö · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kommitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lågmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kommitvitwhitevit · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lågsåasså · adverbmodifies långtlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies kommitsomassom · subordinating conjunctiondirect object of sehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on långt Nor could it be denied that they had had rather a rough time of it in the mountain valley of late.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies stodhellereitherheller · adverbmodifies stodtillpossibletill · prepositiondepends on stodatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förnekainfinitive marker before a verb.
förnekadenyförneka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stodattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of haftdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hafthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supineclausal complement of förnekadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of haftganskaquiteganska · adverbmodifies ruskigtruskigtraw and dismalruskig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of haftiini · prepositionpreposition marking fjälldalenfjälldalenmountain valleyfjälldal · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of haftdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidensistalastsista · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haftRain and storm and fog had followed one another without a break, and whenever it had cleared for a moment, it had at once turned bitterly cold.
RegnrainRegn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of följtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstormstormstorm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Regnochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtjockathicktjock · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with stormhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of följtföljtfollowedfölja · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on blivitpåone anotherpå · prepositionpreposition marking varandravarandraeach othervarandra · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of följtutanwithoututan · prepositionpreposition marking uppehålluppehållpauseuppehåll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of följtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of hadenågononcenågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångwhenevergång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with följtklarnatclearedklarna · verb, active, supinedirect object of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of blivitgenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencefryskalltbitterly coldfryskall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of blivitThe berries and mushrooms the boy had lived on through the summer had frozen or rotted, so that in the end he had been forced to eat raw fish, and he disliked that very much.
BärberriesBär · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsvampmushroomssvamp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Bärsomthatsom · pronoundirect object of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Bärlevatlivedlevat · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeMistagged as a noun; this is the supine of the verb 'leva' ('to live').
avonav · prepositionpreposition marking levatunderthroughunder · prepositionpreposition marking sommarensommarensummersommar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Bärfrusitfrozenfrusit · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of hadeelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationruttnatrottedruttna · verb, active, supinecoordinated with frusitsåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of hadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadetillin the endtill · prepositionmodifies hadesistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase tillhadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hademåsthad tomåst · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activedirect object of hadeätaeatäta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of måstrårawrå · verb, active, infinitivemodifies fiskfiskfishfisk · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ätaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with Bärhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktemycketvery muchmycket · adverbmodifies illaillabadlyilla · adjective, nominativecomplement of tyckteomofom · prepositiondepends on tyckteThe days had grown short, and it had all been slow and tedious through the long evenings and the late mornings for one who was not able to sleep exactly as long as the sun was gone from the sky.
Dagarnathe daysDagarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencekortashortkort · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of blivitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of långsamthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of långsamtalltindeedallt · adverbmodifies långsamtvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to långsamtlångsamtslowlylångsam · adverbcoordinated with blivitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtråkigttedioustråkig · adverbcoordinated with långsamtunderthroughunder · prepositionpreposition marking kvällarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of kvällarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
långalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kvällarnakvällarnathe eveningskväll · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of tråkigtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of mornarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
senalatesen · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies mornarnamornarnamorningsmornarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with långsamtMornarna is an older or colloquial form of morgnarna.
förforför · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularmodifies mornarnasomwhosom · pronounsubject of sovaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies sovavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies sovaithroughi · prepositionpart of the phrase varståndablestånd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase iatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sovainfinitive marker before a verb.
sovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on denprecisexactlyprecis · adverbdepends on sovalikaequallylika · adverbmodifies längelängeas long aslänge · adverbmodifies sovasomassom · pronounoblique complement of varThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
solensunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on denbortagoneborta · adverbmodifies varfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking himmelenhimmelenthe skyhimmele · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of var- 7
Now at last the goslings had gotten their wings fully grown, so that the journey south had been able to begin, and the boy was so glad that he both laughed and sang as he rode on the goose's back.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttäntligenfinallyäntligen · adverbmodifies hadegässlingarnathe goslingsgässlingarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hadefåttgottenfå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of vingarvingarwingsving · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of fåttfullväxtafully grownfullväxt · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of fåttsåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of börjaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såresanjourneyresa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjasöderutsouthwardsöderut · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies börjaThis is the adverb söderut, mistagged as a noun.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of börjakunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of börjabörjato beginbörja · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fåttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gladvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gladsåsoså · adverbmodifies gladgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with fåttattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skrattadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skrattadebådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskrattadelaughedskratta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gladochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsjöngsangsjöng · verb, active, supinecoordinated with skrattadedärtheredär · adverbmodifies gåsryggenhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of redredrodered · proper noun, nominativepart of the phrase därPast tense of 'rida' (to ride), mistagged as a proper noun.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking gåsryggengåsryggengoose's backgåsrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skrattade For it was not only because it was dark and cold and food was scarce that he longed to leave Lapland, but it was for something else too.
Selookse · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Seintenotinte · particlemodifies varbarajustbara · adverbmodifies därfördärförbecausedärför · adverbmodifies varattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of mörktdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of mörktvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to mörktmörktdarkmörk · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of varochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkalltcoldkall · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with mörktochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationontscarceont · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with mörktBoth examples ('göra oss något ont' = 'do us harm', 'inte hade förmått göra mycket ont' = 'not been able to do much harm') attest the sense 'harm', not 'pain', which was the pinned default gloss.
omofom · prepositionpreposition marking matmatfoodmat · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of mörktsomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of längtadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of längtadelängtadelongedlängta · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on matfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking LapplandLapplandLaplandLappland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of längtadeutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with annatvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to annatallteverythingall · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase varförforför · prepositionpreposition marking annatnågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of annatannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with varocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies annat- 8
During the first weeks he had spent there, he had certainly not longed to leave.
Detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of veckornaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
förstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies veckornasurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
veckornaweeksvecko · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of varitsomthatsom · pronoundirect object of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on veckornavaritbeenvara · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencedärtheredär · adverbmodifies varitdåthendå · adverbmodifies längtathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of längtathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of längtatvisstcertainlyviss · adverbmodifies längtatsurface visst here is the adverb 'certainly/surely', not the adjective viss 'certain'.
intenotinte · particlemodifies längtatlängtatlongedlängtat · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of varit He had thought he had never been in so beautiful and glorious a land, and he had had no other troubles than keeping the swarms of mosquitoes from eating him up.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tyckttycktthoughttycka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vackerthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vackertaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies vackerthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vackertvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to vackertiini · prepositionmodifies vackertettaen · determiner, neuter, singularpart of the phrase isåsoså · adverbmodifies vackertvackertbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of tycktochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhärligtglorioushärlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with vackertlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with vackertochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of haftingano/noneingen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of bekymmerandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bekymmerbekymmerworriesbekymmer · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supineparallel clause to tycktänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hindraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hindrainfinitive marker before a verb.
hindrato preventhindra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on haftmyggsvärmarnamosquito swarmsmyggsvärmare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hindrafrånfromfrån · prepositionintroduces the clause of ätaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ätainfinitive marker before a verb.
ätaeatäta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hindrauppupupp · adverbdepends on ätahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of ätaThe boy had not had much company from Morten Goosey-Gander, for the big white one thought only of watching over Dunfin and did not stir a step from her side.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hafthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of haftintenotinte · particlemodifies hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencemycketmuchmycket · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sällskapsällskapcompanysällskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of haftavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking gåskarlMårtenMortenMårten · proper noun, nominativepossessor of gåskarlthe studio translation renders this name as 'Morten'.
gåskarlgandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of haftförforför · prepositionpreposition marking vitedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vitestorebigstore · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies viteWeak-declension form of 'stor'.
vitethe white onevite · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of haftSubstantivized adjective 'vit' referring to the white gander.
tänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on haftbarajustbara · adverbmodifies tänktepåofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of vakaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vakainfinitive marker before a verb.
vakato keep watchvaka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tänkteöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking DunfinDunfinDunfinDunfin · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of vakaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvekturned offvek · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vakaintenotinte · particlemodifies stegettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of stegstegstepsteg · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of vekfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vekBut instead he had kept to old Akka and to Gorgo the eagle, and the three of them had passed many happy hours together.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdäremoton the other handdäremot · adverbmodifies hållithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hållithållitkept tohålla · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceSurface "hållit" spans several idioms in this book: literal "held" (hållit trogen vakt = kept faithful watch), "hållit ut" (held out/endured), "hållit på" (had been -ing, continuous aspect), and "hållit sig" (stayed/remained). A single fixed gloss of "held" misrenders the hållit på / hållit sig examples.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of hållittilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking Akkadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of Akkagamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies AkkaAkkaAkkaAkka · noun, neuteroblique complement of hållitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking GorgoGorgoGorgoGorgo · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with AkkaProper name of an eagle character.
örneneagleörn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Akkaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of treSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
trethreetre · numeral, nominativesubject of fördrivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fördrivitfördrivitpassedfördrivit · verb, active, supinecoordinated with hållitmångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies timmargladagladglad · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies timmartimmarhourstimme · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of fördrivitmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking varandravarandraeach othervarandra · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of fördrivitThe birds had taken him with them on long journeys.
Fåglarnathe birdsFåglarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of tagithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tagittagittakenta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of tagitmedwithmed · prepositiondepends on tagitpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking färderlångalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies färderfärderjourneysfärd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of tagitThe boy had stood on the summit of snow-clad Kebnekaise and looked down on the glaciers spreading out beneath the steep, white cone, and he had visited many other high mountains that had not often, if ever, been trodden by human feet.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ståtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ståttståttstoodstå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking toppentoppentoptopp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ståttavofav · prepositionpreposition marking Kebnekajsedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of Kebnekajsesnökläddasnow-cladsnöklädda · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies KebnekajseKebnekajseKebnekaiseKebnekajse · pronounmodifies toppenHistorical spelling of modern Kebnekaise.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsettseense · verb, active, supinecoordinated with ståttnerdownner · adverbdepends on settpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking jöklarnajöklarnathe glaciersjöklarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of settsomthatsom · pronounsubject of utbreddeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
utbreddespread oututbre · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on jöklarnasigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of utbreddenedanförbelownedanför · prepositionpreposition marking käglandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of käglanbrantasteepbrant · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies käglanvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies käglankäglanthe conekäglan · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of utbreddeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of besökthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of besöktbesöktvisitedbesökt · verb, active, supinecoordinated with ståttmångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies högfjällandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies högfjällhögfjällhigh mountainhögfjäll · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of besöktsomthatsom · pronounsubject of trampadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
justjustjust · adverbmodifies blivitintenotinte · particlemodifies blivitoftaoftenofta · adverbmodifies blivithahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · auxiliary verb, active, supinepassive auxiliary of trampadetrampadetroddentrampa · verb, past, participle, plural, nominativerelative clause on högfjällavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking människoföttermänniskofötterhuman feetmänniskofött · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of trampadeAkka had shown him hidden valleys among the mountains and let him look down into rock-hollows where the she-wolves raised their young.
AkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of visatproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of visatvisatshownvisa · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of visatundangömdahidden awayundangömed · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dalardalarvalleysdal · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of visatiblandamongibland · adverbmodifies dalarbergenmountainberg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dalarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlåtitletlåta · verb, active, supinecoordinated with visathonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of låtitseseese · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låtitnerdownner · adverbdepends on seiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking klipphålorklipphålorrock hollowsklipphåla · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sedärtheredär · adverbmodifies uppföddevarghonornathe she-wolvesvarghona · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of uppföddeuppfödderaiseduppföddea · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on klipphålorsinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of ungarungaryoungunge · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of uppföddeIt was likewise certain that he had made the acquaintance of the tame reindeer, which grazed in great herds on the shore of beautiful Lake Torneträsk, and that he had been down at Stora Sjöfallet and greeted the bears living in that region from their kinsmen in Bergslagen.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with klartvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to klartocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies klartklartclearklar · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gjorthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjorthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjortgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supinedepends on klartbekantskapacquaintancebekantskap · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gjortmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking renarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of renarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
tamatametama · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies renarnarenarnathe reindeerrenarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gjortsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of betadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
betadegrazedbeta · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on renarnaiini · prepositionpreposition marking skarorstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies skarorskarorcrowdsskara · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of betadepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking strandenstrandenshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of betadeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking träskdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of Torneskönabeautifulskön · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies TorneTorneTorneTorne · proper noun, nominativemodifies träskträskTorneträskträsk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies strandenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supinedepends on boddeneredownnere · adverbmodifies varitvidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking SjöfalletStorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies Sjöfalletweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
SjöfalletSjöfalletsjöfall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of varitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhälsatgreetedhälsa · verb, active, supinecoordinated with varitbjörnarnabearsbjörn · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hälsatsomthatsom · pronounsubject of boddeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
boddelivedbodde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with klartdärtheredär · adverbmodifies boddeiini · prepositionpreposition marking traktentraktenregiontrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of boddefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking fränderderastheirde · pronounpossessor of fränderpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
fränderkinsfolkfränder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with boddeiini · prepositionpreposition marking BergslagernaBergslagernaBergslagenBergslagerna · proper noun, nominativemodifies fränderHistorical name of Sweden's central mining district, here in an older plural-looking form.
Wherever he had gone, it had been grand and stately country.
Vartwherevart · adverbmodifies kommithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on granthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of grantdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of grantvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to grantgrantgrandgran · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationståtligtmagnificentlyståtlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with grantHe was very glad to have seen it, but he had not exactly wished to live there.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gladvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gladbraverybra · adverbmodifies gladgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sefåtthave seenfå · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of se"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gladdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of semenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gladhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadejustjustjust · adverbmodifies velatvelatwantedvela · verb, active, supinemodifies bolemma should be vilja 'to want'; velat is its supine form.
boto livebo · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of hade"To dwell/live"; not to be confused with bo, "nest".
därtheredär · adverbmodifies boHe had to admit that Akka was right when she said that this land the Swedish settlers might well leave in peace and hand over to the bears and the wolves and the reindeer and the wild geese and
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of medgemåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of medgemedgeadmitmedge · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadeAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of hadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of medgerättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sadehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on medgeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lämnadetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of landethärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase detlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of lämnakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lämnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of nybyggarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
svenskaSwedishsvensk · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies nybyggarnanybyggarnathe settlersnybyggarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of lämnagärnamight wellgärna · adverbmodifies lämnaType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
lämnaleavelämna · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of sadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking fredfredpeacefred · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lämnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationöverlåtahand over toöverlåta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with lämnadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of överlåtaåttoåt · prepositionpreposition marking björnarnabjörnarnabearsbjörn · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of överlåtaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvargarnawolvesvarge · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with björnarnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrenarnathe reindeerrenarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with vargarnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with renarnaattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
ochandoch · conjunctiondepends on medge- 9
the snowy owls and the lemmings and the Lapps, who were made to live there.
fjällugglornathe snowy owlsfjällugglorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlämlarnalemmingsläml · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with fjällugglornaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlapparnaLappslapp · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with lämlarnaPeriod term for the Sami people; preserved as in the historical source text.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of skapadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
vorowerevoro · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activepart of the phrase somArchaic plural past tense of vara ("to be").
skapadecreatedskapa · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on fjällugglornaförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of levaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of levainfinitive marker before a verb.
levato liveleva · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skapadedärtheredär · adverbmodifies leva - 10
One day Akka had taken him to one of the great mining towns, and there he had found little Mats lying shot outside a mine opening.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of AkkaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with dagproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
förttakenfört · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of förttilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking eneniten · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of förtavofav · prepositionpreposition marking gruvstädernadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of gruvstädernaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
storabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gruvstädernagruvstädernathe mining townsgruvstäd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies enochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärtheredär · adverbmodifies funnithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of funnithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of funnitfunnitfoundfinna · verb, active, supinecoordinated with förtlillelittlelille · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularmodifies MatsMatsMatsMats · proper noun, nominativedirect object of funnitliggandelyingliggande · adjective, nominativemodifies sönderskjutensönderskjutenshotsönderskjut · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of funnitutanföroutsideutanför · prepositionpreposition marking gruvöppningenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gruvöppninggruvöppningmine openinggruvöppning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sönderskjuten For the following days the boy had thought of nothing but helping poor Åsa the goose-girl, but once she had found her father again, so that he no longer needed to do anything for her, he had preferred to stay home in the mountain valley.
Underforunder · prepositionpreposition marking dagarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of dagarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
närmastenearestnära · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies dagarnadagarnadaysdag · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänktpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktintenotinte · particlemodifies tänkttänktthoughttänka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencepåofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of hjälpaannatanything elseannan · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase påänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hjälpaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hjälpainfinitive marker before a verb.
hjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tänktdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälpastackarspoorstackars · verb, past, indicative, passivedepends on tänktBackbone mistags this as a verb; stackars is the indeclinable adjective 'poor/wretched'.
ÅsaÅsaÅsa · proper noun, nominativesubject of gåsapigagåsapigagoose girlgåsapig · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseMistagged as an adjective; gåsapiga is the noun "goose girl" (a herding role), always paired with a name (Åsa gåsapiga).
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of återfunnithonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of återfunnitvälonceväl · adverbmodifies återfunnithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of återfunnitåterfunnitfound againåterfunnit · verb, active, supinecoordinated with gåsapigasinhersig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of farfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of återfunnitsåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of göraattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of göraintenotinte · particlemodifies göramerlongermycket · adverbmodifies görabehövdeneeded tobehöva · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of göragöradogöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gåsapiganågotanythingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of göraförforför · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of görahadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehelstpreferredgärna · adverbmodifies hadeType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
stannatstayedstanna · verb, active, supinecomplement of hadehemmaat homehemma · adverbmodifies stannatiini · prepositionpreposition marking fjälldalenfjälldalenthe mountain valleyfjälldale · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stannatEver since then he had gone about longing for the day when he would get to travel home with Morten Goosey-Gander and become human again.
Alltever since thenAll · adverbmodifies gåttsedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase Alltdessthenden · pronounpart of the phrase Alltch03-p50 example 'sedan dess' means 'since then', not possessive 'its' — pinning the gloss to 'its' teaches a lie for that collocation.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåtthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåttgåttgone aboutgå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlängtatlongedlängtat · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with gåttefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking dagendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåttdåwhendå · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of resahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of resaresato travelresa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gåtthemhomehem · adverbmodifies resamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking gåskarlMårtenMortenMårten · proper noun, nominativepossessor of gåskarlthe studio translation renders this name as 'Morten'.
gåskarlgandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of resaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with resamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bliHe very much wanted to become the kind of person again that Åsa the goose-girl would dare speak to, and not slam the door in his face.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blialltvery muchallt · adverbmodifies bligärnavery muchgärna · adverbpart of the phrase alltType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
blibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blisån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
igenagainigen · adverbmodifies sådanattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vågaÅsaÅsaÅsa · proper noun, nominativesubject of vågagåsapigagoose girlgåsapig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ÅsaMistagged as an adjective; gåsapiga is the noun "goose girl" (a herding role), always paired with a name (Åsa gåsapiga).
skullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vågavågato darevåga · verb, active, infinitivedepends on blitalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of vågamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies slåslåslamslå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with vågaigenagainigen · adverbdepends on slådörrendoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of slåmittförin front ofmittför · verb, present, indicative, activepreposition marking näsahanshishan · pronounpossessor of näsanäsanosenäsa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of våga- 11
Yes, he was very happy now that they were finally off toward the south.
Jowell/yesjo · interjectiondepends on lyckligused to affirm or answer a question, often contradicting an implied doubt.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lyckligvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to lyckligbraverybra · adverbmodifies lyckliglycklighappylycklig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of barnunownu · adverbmodifies barbarcarriedba · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on lyckligTagged present tense, but every occurrence is the old preterite of bära ("carried"), not the present.
iawayi · prepositionmodifies barvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase isöderutsouthwardsöderut · adverbmodifies bar He waved his cap and shouted hurrah when he caught sight of the first spruce forest, and in the same way he greeted the first gray settler's cabin, the first goat, the first cat, and the first hens.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svängdesvängdeswungsvängde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking mössanmössancapmössa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of svängdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with svängdehurrahurrahhurra · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ropadenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sefickcaught sight offå · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on svängdedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of granskogenförstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies granskogensurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
granskogenspruce forestgranskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of seochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hälsadehälsadegreetedhälsa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hälsadedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of nybyggarstuganförstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies nybyggarstugansurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
gråagraygrå · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies nybyggarstugannybyggarstugansettler's cabinnybyggarstuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hälsadedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of getenförstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies getensurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
getenthe goatget · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to hälsadedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kattenförstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies kattensurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
kattencatkatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to getenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of hönsenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
förstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies hönsensurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
hönsenthe henshöns · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with kattenHe passed over magnificent waterfalls, and to his right he saw fine mountains, but he was by now so used to such things that he scarcely bothered to look at them.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågforpassedfor · prepositionmodifies HanPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
framforwardfram · adverbpart of the phrase foröveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking vattenfallpraktfullamagnificentpraktfull · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies vattenfallvattenfallwaterfallsvattenfall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of framochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtilltotill · prepositionmodifies såghögerright (side)höger · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase tillomofom · prepositionpart of the phrase tillsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativepart of the phrase tillsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågskönabeautifulskön · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fjällfjällmountainsfjäll · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of sågmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvidtovid · prepositionpreposition marking sådantsådantsuch a thingsån · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varnunownu · adverbmodifies varsåsoså · adverbmodifies varvanused tovan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on varattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bryddehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bryddeknappthardlyknappt · adverbmodifies bryddebryddecaredbrydde · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of varOccurs mainly in the reflexive idiom 'brydde sig om' meaning 'cared about/bothered'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bryddeomtoom · prepositionintroduces the clause of tittaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tittainfinitive marker before a verb.
tittato looktitta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on bryddeåtatåt · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of tittaIt was a different matter when, just east of the mountains, he caught sight of Kvikkjokk chapel with its little parsonage and its little church village.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sakannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies saksakthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to sakdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase varnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sestraxjuststrax · adverbmodifies österöstereastöster · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hanomofom · prepositionpreposition marking fjällenfjällenmountainfjäll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies österfickcaught sight offå · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of varKvickjocksKvikkjokk'sKvickjocks · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies kapellHistorical spelling of modern Kvikkjokk.
kapellchapelkapell · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of semedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking prästgårdendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of prästgårdenlillalittleliten · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies prästgårdenprästgårdenthe parsonageprästgårde · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of seochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kyrkbynlillalittleliten · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies kyrkbynkyrkbynthe church villagekyrkbyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with prästgårdenHe thought it was so beautiful that tears came to his eyes.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of tycktevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to vackertsåsoså · adverbmodifies vackertvackertbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fickhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickgotfå · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tycktetårartearståra · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of fickitoi · prepositionpreposition marking ögonenögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of tårar- 12
Continually they met migratory birds, who now came flying in much larger flocks than in the spring.
Oupphörligenceaselesslyoupphörligen · adverbmodifies råkaderåkademetråka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of flyttfåglarSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
flyttfåglarmigratory birdsflyttfågl · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of råkadesomwhosom · pronounsubject of kommoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
nunownu · adverbmodifies kommokommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on flyttfåglarkommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
flygandeflyingflyga · adjective, nominativedepends on kommoiini · prepositionpreposition marking flockarmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies störrestörrebiggerstor · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies flockarflockarflocksflock · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kommoänthanän · subordinating conjunctionmodifies flockarpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking vårenvårenspringvår · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommo "Where are you bound for, wild geese?" cried the migratory birds. "Where are you bound for?"
Vartwherevart · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of skaskawillskola · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceModal auxiliary 'ska', shall/will/going to.
niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
hänwhere (to)hän · proper noun, nominativedirect object of skaMistagged as a proper noun; it is the archaic adverb 'hän' (away, whither) as in 'vart ska ni hän?'.
vildgässwild geesevildgäss · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with hänropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceflyttfåglarnamigratory birdsflyttfågl · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of ropadeVartwherevart · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of skaskawillskola · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceModal auxiliary 'ska', shall/will/going to.
niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
hänwhere (to)hän · proper noun, nominativedirect object of skaMistagged as a proper noun; it is the archaic adverb 'hän' (away, whither) as in 'vart ska ni hän?'.
—"We're bound for foreign lands, we as well as you," answered the wild geese. "We're bound for foreign lands."
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of utlandetskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of utlandettillfortill · prepositionpreposition marking utlandetutlandetabroadutland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralin apposition to utlandetsåvälas well assåväl · conjunctionmodifies somused in the pair 'såväl...som' (both...and).
somassom · pronoundepends on svaradeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase somsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
svaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on vivildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svaradeattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of utlandetskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of utlandettillfortill · prepositionpreposition marking utlandetutlandetabroadutland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrase—"Your young ones aren't fit to fly yet," cried the others. "They'll never get across the sea with such tender wings."
Ungarnathe young onesUngarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of flygfärdigaerayourera · pronoun, pluralmodifies Ungarnaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to flygfärdigajuafter allju · adverbmodifies flygfärdigaintenotinte · particlemodifies flygfärdigaflygfärdigafit to flyflygfärdig · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to flygfärdigadetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ropadesurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
andraothersannan · pronoun, pluraldirect object of ropadeDetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of havetkommerwillkomma · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of havetaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies havetöveracrossöver · prepositionpreposition marking havethavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on »medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vingarsåsuchså · adverbmodifies vingarspädatenderspäd · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vingarvingarwingsving · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies havet- 13
The Lapps and the reindeer were also busy moving down from the mountains.
LapparLappsLappar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hölloHistorical term for the Sami people, as used in the period source text.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrenarreindeerrena · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Lapparhöllowere busyhöllo · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies höllopåbusypå · prepositionintroduces the clause of flyttaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of flyttainfinitive marker before a verb.
flyttamoveflytta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on höllonerdownner · adverbmodifies flyttafrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking fjällenfjällenmountainsfjälle · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nersurface fjällen here is the definite plural of fjäll ('mountain'), meaning 'the mountains'.
They traveled in good order: a Lapp walked at the head of the train, then came the herd with the big bulls in the front ranks, then a row of pack-reindeer carrying the Lapps' tents and baggage, and last of all seven or eight people.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vandradeSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vandradewanderedvandra · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseTagged as an adjective but is the past tense of vandra, 'to wander/walk'.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking ordninggodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ordningordningorderordning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vandradeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lapplappLapplapp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickPeriod term (now usually replaced by 'Sami') for a member of the Sami people.
gickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to vandradeiat the headi · prepositionpreposition marking spetsenspetsenfront/headspetse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gicki spetsen = 'at the head/front' (of a line).
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking tågettågettraintåg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies spetsenSecond example ('en sjöman äntrar uppför ett tåg' = 'a sailor climbs up a rope') uses the nautical sense 'rope', not 'train'; the type was pinned to 'train' with contextDependent false, missing this attested sense.
såthenså · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gickhjordenherdhjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking tjurarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of tjurarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
storabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tjurarnatjurarnathe bullstjurarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of komiat the fronti · prepositionpreposition marking ledendetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ledenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
främstaforemostfrämst · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies ledenledenranksled · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tjurarnasåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on sjuenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of radradrowrad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase såmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking bär-renarbär-renarpack reindeerbär-ren · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies radsomthatsom · pronounsubject of fördeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
fördecarryingföra · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on bär-renarSecond example 'en smal stig, som förde inåt skogen' = 'a narrow path that led into the forest' — a path leading, not carrying — a distinct sense from the first example ('förde ju lycka med sig' = 'brought good luck').
lapparnasthe Lapps'lapep · noun, genitive, common gender, pluralpossessor of tälttälttenttält · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fördeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpackningbaggagepackning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with tältochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtilllast of alltill · prepositionmodifies sjusistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase tillenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sjusjusevensju · numeral, nominativecoordinated with gickåttaeightåtta · numeral, nominativequantifies människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with sjuWhen the wild geese saw the reindeer, they swooped down and cried, "Now our thanks to you for the summer! Now our thanks to you for the summer!"
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågovildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågoattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
sågosawsågo · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sänktemistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw).
renarnathe reindeerrenarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sågosänkteloweredsänkte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sänktesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sänkteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sänkteNunownu · adverbmodifies haskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of haniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
hato haveha · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencetackthankstack · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on haförforför · adverbmodifies haithis summeri · prepositionpreposition marking sommarsommarsummersommar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of haNunownu · adverbmodifies haskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of haniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
hato haveha · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencetackthankstack · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on haförforför · adverbmodifies haithis summeri · prepositionpreposition marking sommarsommarsummersommar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ha—"A safe journey, and welcome back!" answered the reindeer.
LycksamsafeLycksam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of resaresajourneyresa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvälkomnawelcomevälkomn · adjective, nominative, singularcoordinated with resatillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies välkomnasvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to resarenarnathe reindeerrenarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of svarade- 14
But when the bears saw the wild geese, they pointed them out to their cubs and growled, "Look at those, who are so afraid of a little cold that they don't dare stay home in winter!"
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågobjörnarnabearsbjörn · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sågosågosawsågoa · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on pekadeLemma/tag are corrupted; sågo is the plural past tense of se ("saw"), not a noun or present tense.
vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sågoattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
pekadepointedpeka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of pekadeutoutut · adverbdepends on pekadedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of pekadeförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking ungarsinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of ungarungaryoung onesung · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of pekadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbrummadegrowledbrummad · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with pekadeSelookse · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencepåatpå · prepositiondepends on Sedetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of Sesurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
därtheredär · adverbmodifies Sesomwhosom · pronounsubject of räddaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to räddasåsoså · adverbmodifies räddaräddaafraidrädda · adjective, nominative, pluralparallel clause to SeMerges plural of the adjective 'rädd' (afraid) with forms of the unrelated verb 'rädda' (to save); sense depends entirely on context.
förofför · prepositionpreposition marking köldlitetlittleliten · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies köldköldcoldköld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of räddaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of törsdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of passive törsintenotinte · particlemodifies törstörsdarestöra · verb, present, indicative, passiveclausal complement of Sestannastaystanna · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of törshemmaat homehemma · adverbmodifies stannaominom · prepositionpreposition marking vinternvinternwintervinter · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stanna And the old wild geese did not fail to answer them, but called to their goslings, "Look at those, who would rather lie asleep half the year than take the trouble to travel south!"
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vildgässenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
gamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevoattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
blevobecameblevo · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencelemma should be bli 'to become'; blevo is the archaic plural past tense (they became).
demthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of blevointenotinte · particlemodifies blevosvaretanswersvar · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of blevoskyldigaowingskyldig · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of blevoIn the idiom inte bli svaret skyldig, it means not to be at a loss for an answer.
utanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ropaderopadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blevotilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking gässlingarsinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of gässlingargässlingargoslingsgässling · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of ropadeSelookse · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencepåatpå · prepositiondepends on Sedetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of Sesurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
därtheredär · adverbmodifies Sesomwhosom · pronounsubject of liggerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hellreratherhellre · adverbmodifies liggerliggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on Seochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsoversleepssova · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with liggerhalvahalfhalv · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies åretåretyearår · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of soveränthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gördetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of görgördoesgöra · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with liggersigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of görbesvärtroublebesvär · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of göratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vandrainfinitive marker before a verb.
vandrawandervandra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on görsöderutsouthwardsöderut · adverbmodifies vandra- 15
Down in the spruce forests the young capercaillies sat huddled together, moulting and shivering, watching all the great flocks of birds that in joy and gladness were passing south.
NeredownNere · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hopkrupnaAdverb 'nere' (down/below), mistagged as a noun.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking suttogranskogarnathe spruce forestsgranskogare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralpossessor of suttosuttosatsutto · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on NereOld plural past tense of sitta ('to sit'), mistagged here as a noun.
ungtjädrarnathe young capercailliesungtjädrarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of Nerehopkrupnahuddled togetherhopkrupna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseruggigaruffledruggig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with hopkrupnaIn the second example, kulna supplies the sense 'chilled/shivering'; ruggiga describes the birds' disordered or fluffed-up plumage.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkulnachilledkulna · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with ruggigaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtittadelookedtitta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hopkrupnaefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking fågelflockarnaallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fågelflockarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fågelflockarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
storabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fågelflockarnafågelflockarnaflocks of birdsfågelflock · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of tittadesomthatsom · pronounsubject of drogoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking jubeljubeljoyjubel · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of drogoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationglädjegladnessglädje · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with jubeldrogopassingdrogo · pronoun, pluraldepends on tittadepast plural of dra used intransitively ('moved, traveled'); mistagged as pronoun.
motsouthmot · prepositionmodifies drogosödersouthsöder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase mot "When will it be our turn?" they asked the capercaillie hen. "When will it be our turn?"
Närwhennär · adverbmodifies blirFunctions as a subordinating conjunction, not an adverb.
blirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of blirvårourvi · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of turMistagged as a pronoun under lemma vi; vår here is the possessive "our", not the pronoun "we".
turturntur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blirfrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of frågadesurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
tjäderhönanthe capercaillie hentjäderhöna · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of frågadeNärwhennär · adverbmodifies blirFunctions as a subordinating conjunction, not an adverb.
blirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of blirvårourvi · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of turMistagged as a pronoun under lemma vi; vår here is the possessive "our", not the pronoun "we".
turturntur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blir—"You'll just have to stay home with mother and father," said the capercaillie hen. "You'll just have to stay home with mother and father."
Niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fårsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
fårhave tofå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencealltallall · adverbmodifies stannastannastaystanna · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fårhemmaat homehemma · adverbmodifies stannahoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking mormormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stannaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with morsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to fårtjäderhönanthe capercaillie hentjäderhöna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeNiyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fårsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
fårhave tofå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencealltallall · adverbmodifies stannastannastaystanna · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fårhemmaat homehemma · adverbmodifies stannahoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking mormormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stannaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with mor- 16
Anyone who has traveled in mountain country knows well enough how troublesome the fogs can be, rolling in and blotting out the view, so that one cannot see anything at all of the beautiful high mountains rising all around.
Varanyonevar · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of vet"var" is both the interrogative/relative adverb "where" and the past tense of vara ("was"); the parser conflated the two under one type.
ochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase Varenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase Varsomwhosom · pronounsubject of passive färdatsThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of färdatsfärdatstraveledfärda · verb, passive, supinerelative clause on Vardeponent verb färdas, passive in form but active in meaning.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking fjälltrakterfjälltraktermountain countryfjälltrakter · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of färdatsvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenogwell enoughnog · adverbmodifies vethurhowhur · adverbmodifies svårtsvårtdifficultsvår · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of vetdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varavarabevara · verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to svårtmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking dimmornadimmornathe mistsdimmorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of vetsomthatsom · pronounsubject of kommaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on dimmornavältranderolling invältrande · adjective, nominativedepends on kommaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskymmablotting outskymma · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with vältrandebortawaybort · adverbdepends on skymmautsiktenviewutsikt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skymmasåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of seattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såmanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of seraktat allrak · adverbmodifies seintenotinte · particlemodifies sefårcannotfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on vetnågotanythingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of seavofav · prepositionpreposition marking högfjällallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of högfjälldetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of högfjällSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vackrabeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies högfjällhögfjällhigh mountainhögfjäll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies någotsomthatsom · pronounsubject of resaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
resato travelresa · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on någotsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of resaomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies enenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of resa One can run into fog in the middle of summer, and in autumn it can be said that it is scarcely possible to avoid it.
Manoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkaråkarun intoråka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceutintout · adverbdepends on råkaförintoför · prepositionpreposition marking dimmadimmafogdimma · verb, active, infinitiveoblique complement of råkamittpåin the middle ofmittpå · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sommarenFunctions as the preposition 'mittpå' (in the middle of), mistagged as an adjective.
sommarensummersommar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dimmaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking höstenhöstenautumnhöst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sägakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägamanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with råkaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of möjligtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with möjligtknappthardlyknappt · adverbmodifies möjligtärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to möjligtmöjligtpossiblemöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of sägahalf the examples (ch01-p27, ch04-p30) use the fixed idiom 'allt möjligt' = 'all sorts of/everything', not the literal 'possible' sense used in the other two.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of undgåinfinitive marker before a verb.
undgåto avoidundgå · verb, active, infinitivedepends on möjligtdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of undgåAs for Nils Holgersson, he had had good enough weather as long as he remained in Lapland, but the wild geese hardly had time to call out that they were now entering Jämtland before the fog thickened around him, so that he could not see anything of the land.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on hadeNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativesubject of beträffarHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilsbeträffaras forbeträffa · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on Vadsåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencebragood enoughbra · adverbmodifies haftnogenoughnog · adverbmodifies väderväderweatherväder · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of haftsåasså · adverbmodifies längelängeas long aslänge · adverbcoordinated with haftsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on längekvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on variini · prepositionpreposition marking LapplandLapplandLaplandLappland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of varmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropaattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
hunnomanaged tohunno · adverbmodifies vildgässenMistagged as adverb; it is the archaic plural past tense of 'hinna' (to have time to/manage to).
knappthardlyknappt · adverbmodifies roparopato call outropa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with haftutoutut · adverbdepends on ropaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of foronunownu · adverbmodifies foroforowentforo · noun, nominative, neuter, singularparallel clause to ropaMistagged as a noun; foro is the plural past tense of fara ("went/traveled").
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of foroininin · adverbpreposition marking deiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking JämtlandJämtlandJämtlandJämtland · proper noun, nominativemodifies deförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies dimmornaused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
dimmornathe mistsdimmorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of tätnadetätnadethickenedtätna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with foroomkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tätnadesåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of seattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of seintenotinte · particlemodifies sekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on foronågotanythingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of seavofav · prepositionpreposition marking landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies någotHe traveled over it a whole day without knowing whether it was a mountain country or a plain country that he had come to.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dagfortraveledfor · prepositionmodifies HanPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
framforwardfram · adverbmodifies Hanöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of framenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of daghelwholehel · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies dagdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of vetaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vetainfinitive marker before a verb.
vetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on dagomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of berglanddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of berglandvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to berglandettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of berglandberglandmountain countrybergland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of vetaelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of slättlandslättlandplain countryslättland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with berglandsomthatsom · pronoundirect object of kommitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinerelative clause on slättlandtilltotill · prepositiondepends on kommit- 17
Toward evening the wild geese settled down on a green spot that sloped away on every side, so that he understood he was on the top of a hill, but whether it was large or small he could not make out.
Mottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking kvällenkvälleneveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slogoslogolandedslogo · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentence'slogo ner' = landed, settled down.
vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slogoattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
nerdownner · adverbmodifies slogopåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking platsenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of platsgröngreengrön · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies platsplatsplaceplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nersomthatsom · pronounsubject of sluttadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
sluttadeslopedslutta · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on platsåttowardåt · prepositionpreposition marking sidorallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of sidorsidorsidessida · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sluttadesåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of förstodattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstodförstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on slogoattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of befannhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of befannbefannwasbefanna · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of förstodReflexive 'befann sig' means 'was located/found himself'; lemma should be 'befinna'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of befannpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking toppentoppentoptopp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of befannavofav · prepositionpreposition marking kulleenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kullekullehillkulle · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies toppenmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stordenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of storvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with förstodelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with stordetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of fåkundecouldkunna · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåintenotinte · particlemodifies fåfåmake outfå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with förstodklartclearklar · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of fåförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of få He believed they must be in inhabited country, for he thought he heard both human voices and the creaking of vehicles rolling along a road, but he was not certain of this either.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of troddetroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of befinnadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of befinnamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of befinnabefinnabe locatedbefinna · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of troddesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of befinnaiini · prepositionpreposition marking trakterbeboddainhabitedbebodd · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies traktertrakterdistrictstrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of befinnaförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of tycktehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with befinnaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hördehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of befinnabådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmänniskorösterhuman voicesmänniskoröst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hördeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgnisselcreakinggnissel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with människorösteravofav · prepositionpreposition marking åkdonåkdonvehicleåkdon · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies gnisselsomthatsom · pronounsubject of rulladeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
rulladerolledrulla · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on gnisselframforwardfram · adverbdepends on rulladepåalongpå · prepositionpreposition marking vägenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vägvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rullademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of säkervarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to säkerintenotinte · particlemodifies säkersäkercertainsäker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with troddeomifom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of säkerhellereitherheller · adverbmodifies säker- 18
He would very much have liked to find his way to some farm, but he was afraid of getting lost in the fog and dared not do anything but stay with the wild geese.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of letaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of letabravery muchbra · adverbmodifies hagärnavery muchgärna · adverbpart of the phrase braType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
hahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of velatvelatwantedvela · verb, active, supinemodifies letalemma should be vilja 'to want'; velat is its supine form.
letato searchleta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of letaframforwardfram · adverbmodifies letatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking gårdnågonsomenågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gårdgårdfarmgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of frammenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räddvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to räddräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with letaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gåinfinitive marker before a verb.
gågogå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on räddvilseastrayvilse · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on gåilost ini · prepositionpreposition marking dimmandimmanthe fogdimma · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtordesdaredtor · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with gåtordes is the archaic past tense of töras/tordas ("to dare").
intenotinte · particlemodifies tordesannatanything elseannan · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies tordesänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stannastannastaystanna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on räddkvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on stannahoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stannaattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
Everything was dripping wet and damp.
Alltingeverythingallting · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of våttvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to våttdrypandedrippingdrypande · adjective, nominativesubject of våttvåttwetvå · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfuktigtdampfuktig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with våttLittle drops hung on every blade of grass and on every small herb, so that he got a real shower of rain over him the moment he stirred.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with hängdehängdehunghänga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies droppardroppardropsdropp · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hängdepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking grässtråvarjeeveryvarje · determiner, singulardeterminer of grässtrågrässtråblade of grassgrässtrå · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hängdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking örtvarjeeveryvarje · determiner, singulardeterminer of örtlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies örtörtherbört · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with grässtråsåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of fickattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickgotfå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hängdeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of regnduschriktigrealriktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies regnduschregnduschrain showerregndusch · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ficköveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of fickbarajustbara · adverbmodifies rördehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rörderördestirredröra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fickpåstirredpå · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of rörde"This is not much better than up in the mountain valley," he thought.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of bättrehärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase Detärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to bättreintenotinte · particlemodifies bättrestortmuchstor · adverbmodifies bättreAdverbial use of stor ('big'); e.g. 'inte stort' = 'not much'.
bättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativehead of the phraseänthanän · prepositionpreposition marking oppeoppeup thereoppe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on bättreColloquial adverb 'oppe' (dialectal for 'uppe'), mistagged here as a noun.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking fjälldalenfjälldalenthe mountain valleyfjälldale · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies oppetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with bättrehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkte- 19
But he ventured to take a couple of steps, and now he glimpsed a building close in front of him.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies stegstegstepssteg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of vågadevågadedaredvåga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vågadedåthendå · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gåinfinitive marker before a verb.
gågogå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on vågadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies skymtadeskymtadecame into viewskymta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gåhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skymtadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of byggnadbyggnadbuildingbyggnad · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skymtadetättclosetätt · adverbmodifies sigframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativemodifies byggnad It was not especially large, but it was many storeys high.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of särdelesvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies särdelesintenotinte · particlemodifies särdelessärdelesespeciallysärdeles · adverbhead of the phrasestorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of särdelesmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies våningarvåningarstoriesvåning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of höghögtallhög · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with storHe could not see the top of it.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seintenotinte · particlemodifies seseseese · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencetoppentoptopp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of seavofav · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularmodifies toppenThe door was shut, and the whole house seemed to be uninhabited.
Dörrenthe doordörren · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stängdvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to stängdstängdclosedstängd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies husethusethousehus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of obebotttycktesseemed totycktes · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of obebottvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to obebottobebottuninhabitedobebott · adjective, nominativecoordinated with stängdHe understood that it was nothing else than a lookout tower, and that he could get neither food nor warmth there.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstodförstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of utsiktstorndetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of utsiktstornintenotinte · particlemodifies utsiktstornvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to utsiktstornnågotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies utsiktstornannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase någotänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of utsiktstornettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of utsiktstornutsiktstornlookout towerutsiktstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of förstodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåvarkenneithervarken · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfågetfå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with förstodmatfoodmat · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvärmewarmthvärme · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with matdärtheredär · adverbmodifies fåBut he hurried back to the wild geese with all speed just the same.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skyndadeskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceändåjust the sameändå · adverbmodifies skyndademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking haststörstabiggeststor · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies hasthasthastehast · nounoblique complement of skyndadetillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies skyndadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tillbakaattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
"Dear Morten Goosey-Gander," he said, "take me on your back and carry me up to the top of the tower over there!
Käradearkära · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceArchaic vocative imperative of kära, used as an endearment ("dear ___") when addressing someone.
MårtenMortenMårten · proper noun, nominativesubject of Kärathe studio translation renders this name as 'Morten'.
gåskarlgandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Kärasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Kärahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadetagtaketag · verb, imperative, activesubject of sademigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of tagpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking ryggenryggenbackrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tagochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbärcarrybär · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sademigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of bäroppupopp · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies bärMistagged as a noun; opp is the colloquial spelling of upp, "up".
påtopå · prepositionpreposition marking toppentoppentoptopp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bäravofav · prepositionpreposition marking tornettornetthe towertoren · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies toppendärbortaover theredärborta · adverbmodifies tornetIt's so wet here that I can't sleep, but up there I'm sure to find a dry place to lie down."
Härherehär · adverbmodifies våttärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to våttsåsoså · adverbmodifies våttvåttwetvå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sovajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sovaintenotinte · particlemodifies sovakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sovasovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on våttmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärtheredär · adverbmodifies finnerfinnerfindsfinna · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with våttjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finnernogsure tonog · adverbmodifies finnerenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of platstorrdrytorr · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies platsplatsplaceplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finneratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of liggainfinitive marker before a verb.
liggato lieligga · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying platspåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking ligga- 20
Morten Goosey-Gander was at once willing to help him.
MårtenMortenMårten · proper noun, nominativepossessor of gåskarlthe studio translation renders this name as 'Morten'.
gåskarlgandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of villigvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to villiggenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies villigvilligwillingvillig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hjälpainfinitive marker before a verb.
hjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on villighonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälpa He left him on the tower balcony, and there the boy lay sleeping peacefully until the morning sun woke him.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lämnadelämnadeleftlämna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lämnadepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking tornbalkongentornbalkongenthe tower balconytornbalkong · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lämnadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärtheredär · adverbmodifies låglåglowlåg · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lämnadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsovsleptsova · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lämnadeipeacefullyi · prepositionpreposition marking rogodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies roropeacero · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sovändauntilända · adverbintroduces the clause of väcktetillsuntiltills · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase ändamorgonsolenmorning sunmorgonsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väckteväcktewokeväcka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on lämnadehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of väckte- 21
But when he now opened his eyes and looked around, at first he could neither make out what he saw nor where he was.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sloghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slognunownu · adverbmodifies slogslogopenedslå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kundeLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
uppupupp · adverbdepends on slogögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of slogochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with slogpast tense of se, 'to see.'
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sågomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies sågkundecouldkunna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kundetillat firsttill · prepositionpreposition marking börjanenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of börjanbörjanbeginningbörjan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kundevarkenneithervarken · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbegripaunderstandbegripa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kundevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of såghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of begripapast tense of se, 'to see.'
elleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarwasvara · determiner, common gender, singulardepends on befannmistagged as a determiner; the surface 'var' here is the past tense of vara 'to be'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of befannbefannwasbefann · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sågreflexive befinna sig = 'to be located'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of befann He had once, at a fair, gone into a tent and seen an enormous circular painting, and he now felt as if he were standing again in the middle of just such a great, round tent, one that had a fine red roof, while the walls and the floor were painted to show a beautiful, wide-stretching landscape with great villages and churches, fields and roads, a railway and even a town.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadepåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking marknadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of marknadmarknadmarketmarknad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadevaritbeenvara · verb, active, supinemodifies hadeinneintoinne · adverbmodifies varitiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking tältettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of tälttälttenttält · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of varitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsettseense · verb, active, supinecoordinated with hadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rundmålningväldigenormousväldig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies rundmålningrundmålningpanorama paintingrundmålning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of settochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hadenunownu · adverbmodifies tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stodhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodåteragainåter · adverbmodifies stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of tycktemittin the middlemitt · adverbdepends on stodiini · prepositionpreposition marking sådantettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sådantsådantsuch a thingsån · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of stoddärtheredär · adverbmodifies stortstortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclause modifying sådantruntroundrunt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies tälttälttenttält · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with stortsomthatsom · pronounsubject of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on tältettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of grantgrantfine/splendidgrant · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies takröttredröt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with granttakrooftak · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hademedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of utmåladeväggarnawallsvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of voroochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgolvetfloorgolv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with väggarnavorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralpassive auxiliary of utmåladearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
utmåladepaintedutmåla · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on stodtillto showtill · prepositionpreposition marking landskapettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of landskapvackertbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies landskapochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvidsträcktvastvidsträcka · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with vackertlemma should be 'vidsträckt'; surface is the neuter/adverbial form of that adjective.
landskaplandscapelandskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of utmåladedärtheredär · adverbmodifies fannsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativerelative clause on landskapexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
storabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies byarbyarvillagesbyar · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of fannsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkyrkorchurcheskyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with byaråkrarfieldsåkra · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with byarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvägarroadsväg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with byarjärnvägrailwayjärnväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with byarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtilleventill · prepositionpart of the phrase ochochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase tillmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking stadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stadstadtownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with byarHe soon noticed enough that it was not so, but that he was standing on top of a lookout tower, with the red morning sky above him and real country all around him.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märktemärktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenogprobablynog · adverbmodifies märktesnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies märkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förhölldetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with förhöllintenotinte · particlemodifies förhöllförhöllwasförhöll · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of märkteFrom förhålla sig, 'to be the case'; 'det förhöll sig så att' = 'the truth was that'.
sigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of förhöllsåsoså · adverbmodifies förhöllutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of stodattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stodhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on märktepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking toppentoppentoptopp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodavofav · prepositionpreposition marking utsiktstornettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of utsiktstornutsiktstornlookout towerutsiktstor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies toppenmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking morgonhimlendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of morgonhimlenrödaredröd · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies morgonhimlenmorgonhimlenmorning skymorgonhiml · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies toppenöveraboveöver · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativemodifies morgonhimlenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking landverkligtrealverklig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with sigomkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of landBut he was now so unused to seeing anything but wilderness that it was not strange he had taken this, which he now saw and which was a real, great settled country, for nothing more than a painting.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to senunownu · adverbmodifies sesåsoså · adverbpart of the phrase nuovanunused toovan · adverbpart of the phrase såAlso occurs meaning 'unaccustomed' (ovan att flyga = unused to flying), a distinct sense from locative 'above'.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceannatanything elseannan · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies seänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ödemarkerödemarkerwildernessödemarker · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with annatattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of underligtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with underligtintenotinte · particlemodifies underligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to underligtunderligtstrangeunderlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of seattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tagithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tagithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tagittagittakenta · verb, active, supinedepends on underligtdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of tagitsomwhichsom · pronoundirect object of sågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågnunownu · adverbmodifies sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on dettapast tense of se, 'to see.'
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of storbygdThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to storbygdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of storbygdriktigrealriktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies storbygdstorbygdgreat settled regionstorbygd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with tagitförasför · prepositionintroduces the clause of tavlaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tavlainfinitive marker before a verb.
barajustbara · adverbmodifies varavarabevara · verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to tavlaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tavlatavlapaintingtavla · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on storbygd- 22
There was also something else that had caused the boy not to believe that what he saw was real, and that was that nothing had its true and proper color.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with annatvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to annatocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies annatnågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of annatannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounsubject of orsakThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of orsakvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to orsakorsakreasonorsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on annattillfortill · prepositionintroduces the clause of hadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadeintenotinte · particlemodifies hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trotttrottbelievedtrott · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on orsakattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with såghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on trottpast tense of se, 'to see.'
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to verkligtverkligtrealverklig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with annatattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadeingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of varsinitssig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of färgrättarighträtt · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies färgochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationriktigarealriktig · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies färgfärgcolorfärg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hade The lookout tower where he stood was set on a mountain, the mountain stood on an island, and the island lay near the eastern shore of a large lake.
Utsiktstornetthe lookout towerutsiktstornet · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of restdärtheredär · adverbmodifies befannhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of befannbefannwasbefann · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Utsiktstornetreflexive befinna sig = 'to be located'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of befannvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to restrestbuiltrest · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasePast participle of resa in the sense 'to raise/erect (a building)'.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking bergettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of bergbergmountainberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of restbergetmountainberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to restpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking öenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ööislandö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationönthe islandön · proper noun, nominativesubject of lågSame common noun (definite form of ö, island), mistagged here as a proper noun.
låglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodnäranearnära · adverbmodifies östraType lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära.
östraeasternöster · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies strandenstrandenshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lågavofav · prepositionpreposition marking insjöenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of insjöstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies insjöinsjöa lakeinsjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågBut this lake was not gray, as lakes usually are, but over a great part of its surface it was as pink as the morning sky, while into the deep bays it gleamed almost black.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sjösjölakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gråvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gråintenotinte · particlemodifies grågrågraygrå · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomassom · pronounsubject of insjöarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
insjöarlakesinsjöar · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gråbrukausuallybruka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of insjöarFirst example ('hon knappast kunde bruka den' = 'she could scarcely use it', of an injured wing) is the sense 'to use', which was missing from the senses list.
varabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivemodifies insjöarutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
överoveröver · prepositionmodifies delenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of delstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies deldelpartdel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skäravofav · prepositionpreposition marking ytasinitssig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of ytaytasurfaceyta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies delvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to skärdenaen · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of skärlikaequallylika · adverbmodifies skärskärpinkskär · verb, present, indicative, passiveparallel clause to gråsomassom · prepositionpreposition marking morgonhimlenFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
morgonhimlenmorning skymorgonhiml · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skärochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationinåtinto/inwardinåt · adverbmodifies vikarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vikarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
djupadeepdjup · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vikarnavikarnathe baysvikarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of blänkteblänktegleamedblänkte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with skärdenaen · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of blänktenästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies svartsvartblacksvar · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of blänkteThe lemma should be svart ("black"); the parser mistagged the surface "svart" under the noun svar ("answer").
The shores around the lake, in turn, were not green, but shone pale yellow thanks to all the mown fields and the yellowed deciduous forest covering them.
Strändernathe shoresStränderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraseomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Strändernaåterigenagainåterig · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies SträndernaThis is the adverb återigen 'again', mistagged as a noun.
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, singulardepends on SträndernaPast plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective.
intenotinte · particlemodifies grönagrönagreengrön · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of lysteutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
lysteshonelyste · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tackTagged as an adjective but is the past tense of lysa, 'to shine'.
ljusgulapale yellowljusgul · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of lystetackthankstack · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies Strändernavarewhethervare · conjunctionlinks the coordinationAppears in the correlative vare sig ... eller ... ("whether ... or ...").
allaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of åkrarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of åkrarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
avmejademownavmeja · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies åkrarnaåkrarnafieldsåkr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of Strändernaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lövskogengulnadeyellowedgulna · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies lövskogenlövskogendeciduous forestlövskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with åkrarnasomthatsom · pronounsubject of betäckteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
betäcktecoveredbetäcka · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on lövskogendemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of betäckteAround the yellow there followed a broad belt of black coniferous forest.
Runtaroundrunt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies gulaomaroundom · prepositionpart of the phrase Runtdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of gulagulayellowgul · adjective, nominative, singularoblique complement of vidtogvidtogfollowedvidtog · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of bältebrettbroadbred · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies bältebältebeltbälte · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of vidtogavofav · prepositionpreposition marking barrskogsvartblacksvart · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies barrskogbarrskogconifer forestbarrskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bältePerhaps it was because the deciduous forest had grown lighter, but the boy thought the coniferous forest had never looked so dark as it did this morning.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of komkanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies komdäravbecausedärav · adverbmodifies komattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ljusnatlövskogenthe deciduous forestlövskoge · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ljusnathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ljusnatljusnatgrown lighterljusna · verb, active, supinedepends on kommenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ljusnatattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of settbarrskogenconifer forestbarrskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supineclausal complement of tycktesåsoså · adverbmodifies mörkmörkdarkmörk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of settutlookut · adverbdepends on settsomassom · prepositionpreposition marking morgonenFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
dennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of morgonenmorgonenmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of settBeyond the black, pale blue hills could be seen in the east, but all along the western edge of sight ran a long, shimmering arc of jagged, many-shaped mountains, bearing a color so lovely and soft and radiant that he could not call it red, nor white, nor blue.
Bortombeyondbortom · determiner, common gender, singularpreposition marking kullardetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of kullarsvartablacksvart · adjective, nominative, singularpart of the phrase detsågoswere seensågos · adverbmodifies detHistorical plural past passive of se, ‘to see’.
ito the easti · prepositionmodifies ljustöstereastöster · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iljustbrightlyljust · adverbmodifies blånandeblånandebluishblåna · adjective, nominativemodifies kullarPresent participle of 'blåna' (to turn blue) used adjectivally.
kullarhillskull · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlängsalonglängs · adverbpreposition marking synrandenhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies synrandenvästrawesternvästr · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies synrandensynrandenthe horizonsynrande · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of löptelöpteranlöpte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kullarenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bågelånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bågeskimrandeshimmeringskimrande · adjective, nominativemodifies bågebågearcbåge · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of löpteavofav · prepositionpreposition marking fjälltaggigajaggedtaggig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fjällmångformademany-shapedmångforma · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with taggigafjällmountainsfjäll · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies bågesomthatsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of buroburoboreburo · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on fjällenaen · determiner, common gender, singularmodifies kullarsåsoså · adverbmodifies ljuvligljuvligdelightfulljuvlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on kullarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmildmildmild · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ljuvligochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstrålanderadiantstrålande · adjective, nominativemodifies färgfärgcolorfärg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ljuvligattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kallahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kallaintenotinte · particlemodifies kallakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kallakallacoldkalla · verb, active, infinitivedepends on kullarMislemmatized: both examples ('det kalla nattkvarteret', 'i den kalla marsnatten') show the definite/inflected adjective 'kall' ('cold'), not the verb kalla ('to call'). Gloss corrected to match the attested adjective use.
denitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of kallaförasför · prepositionmodifies rödrödredröd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of kallaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies vitförasför · prepositionmodifies vitvitwhitevit · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with rödochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies blåförasför · prepositionmodifies blåblåblueblå · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with kallaThere was no name for it.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
intenotinte · particlemodifies fannsnågotanynågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of namnnamnnamenamn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of fannsförforför · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of fanns- 23
But the boy turned his gaze from the mountains and the coniferous forest to look more closely at his nearest surroundings.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändevändeturnedväna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända.
blickarnaglancesblick · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vändefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking fjällfjällmountainfjäll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vändeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbarrskogconifer forestbarrskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with fjällförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of seatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on vändebättremore closelybra · adverbcomplement of sepåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking omgivningarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of omgivningarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
närmastenearestnära · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies omgivningarnaomgivningarnathe surroundingsomgivning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of se Around the lake, in the yellow belt, he made out one red village and one white church after another, and straight to the east, on the far side of the narrow strait that separated the island from the mainland, he saw a town.
Runtaroundrunt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sjönomaroundom · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of urskildeiini · prepositionpreposition marking bältetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of bältetgulayellowgul · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies bältetbältetbeltbält · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sjönurskildemade outurskilde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of urskildedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bynenaoneena · adjective, nominativemodifies bynrödaredröd · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies bynbynvillagebyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of urskildeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kyrkanenaoneena · adjective, nominativemodifies kyrkanvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies kyrkankyrkanchurchkyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with bynefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking andradenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andraandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies bynochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with bynito the easti · prepositionpreposition marking österöstereastöster · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies rättpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sidanandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sidansidanfar sidesida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with bynavofav · prepositionpreposition marking sundetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sundetsmalanarrowsmal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sundetsundetstraitsunde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies bynsomthatsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of önskildeseparatedskilde · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies önPast tense of the verb 'skilja' (to separate); mistagged as an adjective.
önthe islandön · proper noun, nominativerelative clause on bynSame common noun (definite form of ö, island), mistagged here as a proper noun.
frånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking fastlandetfastlandetthe mainlandfastland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies bynsågsawsåga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceMislemmatized: surface is 'såg', the past tense of se ('to see'/'looked'), in both examples ('såg han sig om' = 'looked around'), not a form of såga ('to saw'). Gloss corrected to 'saw' (as in 'he saw/looked').
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stadstadtownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sågIt spread out along the lakeshore, a mountain stood behind and sheltered it, and all around it lay a rich and well-populated countryside.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of utbreddeutbreddespread oututbre · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of utbreddepåalongpå · prepositionpreposition marking sjöstrandensjöstrandenthe lakeshoresjöstrande · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utbreddeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of bergbergmountainberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with utbreddebakombehindbakom · prepositiondepends on stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskyddadeshelteredskydda · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with stoddenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationruntaroundrunt · adverbmodifies omkringomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies sigsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with utbreddedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of hadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of traktrikrichrik · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies traktochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvälbefolkadwell-populatedvälbefolkad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with riktraktregiontrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hade"That town certainly knew how to get itself a good position," thought the boy. "I wonder what it might be called."
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singularhead of the phrasedärtheredär · adverbmodifies förståttstadentownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förståttharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of förståttdåcertainlydå · adverbmodifies förståttförståttunderstoodförstå · verb, active, supinerelative clause on Denatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of skaffainfinitive marker before a verb.
skaffato getskaffa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on förståttsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of skaffaettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of lägegottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies lägelägepositionläge · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of skaffatänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Denpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkteJagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undrarundrarwondersundra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hetadenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of hetakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hetahetabe calledheta · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of undrar- 24
At that moment he gave a start and looked around.
Medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sprattdetsammathe samedensamma · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies sprattspratttrickspratt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of spratttillsuddenlytill · prepositiondepends on sprattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sprattpast tense of se, 'to see.'
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sågomaroundom · prepositionpreposition marking såg He had been so absorbed in looking at the countryside that he had not noticed that visitors had come to the lookout tower.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of upptagenhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of upptagenvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to upptagensåsoså · adverbmodifies upptagenupptagenabsorbedupptagen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseavinav · prepositionintroduces the clause of tittaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tittainfinitive marker before a verb.
tittato looktitta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on upptagenpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking traktentraktenregiontrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tittaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of märkthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märktintenotinte · particlemodifies märkthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of märktmärktnoticedmärka · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on upptagenattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommitdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineclausal complement of märktbesökandevisitorsbesökande · adjective, nominativedirect object of kommittilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking utsiktstornetutsiktstornetlookout towerutsiktstorne · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommit- 25
They were now running up the stairs at a good pace.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of sprungoSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
sprungoransprungo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of uppförtagged as a noun but is the plural past tense of springa (to run); glossed as its actual meaning.
nunownu · adverbmodifies uppföruppförupuppför · prepositionhead of the phrasetrappornathe stairstrapporna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of uppförmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking fartgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fartfartspeedfart · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uppför The boy just barely had time to look about for a hiding place and tuck himself away there before they were up.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hannhannhad timehann · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast tense of hinna, 'to have time to / manage to (before something else happens)'.
nättbarelynätt · adverbmodifies hannochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjämntjust barelyjämn · adverbcoordinated with nättseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hannsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of seomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking seefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking gömställeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of gömställegömställehiding placegömställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of seochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstickahidesticka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of stickaundanawayundan · adverbmodifies stickadärtheredär · adverbmodifies stickainnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vorodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of vorovorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on searchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
uppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies voro- 26
They were young people out on a walking tour.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with människorvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to människorungayoungung · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasesomwhosom · pronounsubject of voroThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
vorowerevoro · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on människoruteoutsideute · adverbmodifies voropåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking fotvandringfotvandringwalking tourfotvandring · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of voro They talked about how they had wandered through the whole of Jämtland.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of taladetaladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceomaboutom · prepositionintroduces the clause of strövatattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of strövatdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of strövathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of strövatströvatwanderedströva · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on taladeigenomthroughigenom · prepositiondepends on strövathelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies JämtlandJämtlandJämtlandJämtland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of strövatThey were glad they had come to Östersund just the evening before, so that they got to see the great view from Östberget here on Frösön on this clear morning.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of voroSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on gladaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
gladagladglad · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommitdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinedepends on gladatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ÖstersundÖstersundÖstersundÖstersund · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of kommitjustjustjust · adverbmodifies kvällenförrapreviousförra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies kvällenkvälleneveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommitsåsoså · adverbmodifies seattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sådetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of fingofingogotfingo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralpart of the phrase såMistagged as a noun; fingo is the archaic plural past tense of få ("got/were given").
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gladadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of utsiktenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies utsiktenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
utsiktenviewutsikt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking ÖstbergetÖstbergetÖstbergetÖstberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies utsiktenhärherehär · adverbmodifies Östbergetpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking FrösönFrösönFrösönfrösön · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of sedennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singularintroduces the clause of klaraklaraclearklar · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies morgonmorgonmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies FrösönHere they could see more than twenty miles in every direction, so that they got a last overview of the whole of their beloved Jämtland before they were to travel away from it.
Härherehär · adverbmodifies sekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of seseseese · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemermoremycket · adverbmodifies tjugoänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase mertjugotwentytjugo · numeral, nominativequantifies milmilmilesmil · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of seSwedish mil = 10 km; conventionally rendered 'mile(s)' in translation.
åtinåt · prepositionpreposition marking hållallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of hållhålldirectionshåll · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of sesåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of fingoattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sådetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of fingofingogotfingo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraladverbial clause on seMistagged as a noun; fingo is the archaic plural past tense of få ("got/were given").
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of överblicksistalastsista · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies överblicköverblickoverviewöverblick · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fingoavofav · prepositionpreposition marking Jämtlandhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies Jämtlandsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of kärapossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
käradearkär · adjective, nominative, singularcoordinated with helaJämtlandJämtlandJämtland · proper noun, nominativemodifies överblickinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of resadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of resaskullewere toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of resaresato travelresa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sedärifrånfrom theredärifrån · adverbmodifies resaThey pointed out to one another the many churches lying around the lake.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of pekadepekadepointedpeka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceutoutut · adverbdepends on pekadeförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking varandravarandraeach othervarandra · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of utdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of kyrkornaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
mångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kyrkornakyrkornachurcheskyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of pekadesomthatsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lågolågolaylågo · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on kyrkornaMislabeled as infinitive; lågo is the same archaic plural past tense of ligga ("to lie/be situated").
runtaroundrunt · adverbpreposition marking sjönomaroundom · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågo"Down there we have Sunne," they said, "and there lies Marby, and over there lies Hallen.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies nereneredownnere · adverbmodifies sadeharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sadeviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of harSunneSunneSunne · proper noun, nominativedepends on visadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärtheredär · adverbmodifies liggerliggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sadeMarbyMarbyMarby · proper noun, nominativecomplement of liggerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärbortaover theredärborta · adverbmodifies liggerliggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sadeHallenHallenhall · proper noun, nominativesubject of liggerThe one you see due north is Rödön church, and the one rising here beneath us is Frösön church."
Deniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of kyrkasomthatsom · pronounsubject of synsThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
synsyou seesynas · verb, present, indicativerelative clause on Denraktduerak · adverbmodifies synsidue northi · prepositionmodifies synsnorrnorthnorr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to kyrkaRödöRödönRödö · proper noun, genitivepossessor of kyrkakyrkachurchkyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of Frösösomthatsom · pronounsubject of reserThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
reserrisesresa · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on den3 of 4 examples in this chunk are reflexive 'reser sig' meaning 'rises/raises itself' (a mill, a wall, a town), not 'travels'. The glosser's single gloss 'travels' only fits the ch04-p17 example.
sigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of reserhärherehär · adverbmodifies reserunderbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of reserärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to FrösöFrösöFrösöfrösö · proper noun, nominativesubject of kyrkakyrkachurchkyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with kyrkaThen they began to talk about the mountains.
Sedanthensedan · adverbmodifies börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of talasurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
talato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivesubject of börjadeomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking fjällenfjällenmountainsfjälle · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talasurface fjällen here is the definite plural of fjäll ('mountain'), meaning 'the mountains'.
The nearest were the Ovik mountains.
Detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of OviksfjällenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
närmastenearestnära · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies vorovorowerevoro · proper noun, nominativemodifies OviksfjällenVoro is the historical plural past form of vara.
Oviksfjällenthe Ovik mountainsOviksfjällen · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseAbout that they all agreed.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with kommokommocamekommo · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemistagged as an auxiliary/infinitive; it is the historical plural past tense of 'komma' (to come).
allaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of överensöverensin agreementöverens · adverbdepends on kommoomonom · prepositionpreposition marking överensBut then they began to wonder which one might be Klövsjöfjället, and which peak was Anarisfjället, and where Västerfjället and Almåsaberget and Åreskutan lay.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsedanthensedan · adverbmodifies börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of börjadeundrato wonderundra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on Klövsjöfjälletsomwhich onesom · pronounsubject of KlövsjöfjälletThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of Klövsjöfjälletvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to KlövsjöfjälletKlövsjöfjälletKlövsjöfjälletKlövsjöfjället · proper noun, nominativeclausal complement of undraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvilkenwhichvilken · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of topptopptoptopp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with börjadesomthatsom · pronounsubject of AnarisfjälletThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to AnarisfjälletAnarisfjälletAnarisfjälletAnarisfjället · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on toppochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarwasvara · determiner, common gender, singularmodifies hademistagged as a determiner; the surface 'var' here is the past tense of vara 'to be'.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemodifies VästerfjälletVästerfjälletVästerfjälletvästerfjället · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Anarisfjälletochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationAlmåsabergetAlmåsabergetAlmåsaberget · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Västerfjälletochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationÅreskutanÅreskutanÅreskutan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Västerfjället- 27
While they talked about this, a young girl took out a map, spread it on her knee, and began to study it.
Medanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of taladedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of taladetaladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on togomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of taladetogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on breddeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of flickaungyoungung · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies flickaflickagirlflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of toguppupupp · adverbdepends on togenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kartakartamapkarta · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of togbreddespreadbre · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceutoutut · adverbdepends on breddedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of breddepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking knäsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of knäpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
knäkneeknä · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of breddeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with breddestuderastudystudera · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of studera Suddenly she looked up.
PlötsligensuddenlyPlötsligen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sågAdverb mislabeled as a noun.
sågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of såguppupupp · adverbdepends on såg"When I see Jämtland like this on a map," she said, "I think it looks like one great, proud mountain.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of serjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sadeJämtlandJämtlandJämtland · proper noun, nominativedirect object of sersålikeså · adverbmodifies kartahärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase såpåonpå · prepositionpart of the phrase såenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kartakartamapkarta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sersadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tyckerhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadetyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of liknardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of liknarliknarlooks likelikna · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of tyckerettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of fjällstortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ettstoltproudstolt · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ettfjällmountainfjäll · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of liknarI always expect to hear a story that it once stood upright and pointed straight up at the sky."
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väntarväntarexpectvänta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencealltidalwaysalltid · adverbmodifies väntarattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hörajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höraskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörafåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of hörahörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of väntarenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of berättelseberättelsestoryberättelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of höraomthatom · prepositionintroduces the clause of ståttattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ståttdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with ståttenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ståttharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of ståttståttstoodståda · verb, active, supineclause modifying berättelseupprättuprightupprätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ståttActually the adjective/adverb 'upprätt' (upright/standing), mistagged as a noun.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpekatpointedpeka · verb, active, supinecoordinated with ståttraktstraightrak · adverbmodifies pekatmotatmot · prepositionpreposition marking skynskynthe skyskyn · nounoblique complement of pekat—"That would certainly have been a mighty mountain, that," said one of the others, laughing at her.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of fjällskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fjällalltcertainlyallt · adverbmodifies fjällhahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivepart of the phrase alltvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to fjällettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of fjällväldigttremendousväldig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies fjällfjällmountainfjäll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularadverbial clause on fjällsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to fjällenoneman · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of sadeSurfaces are only "en"/"En" used as a counting pronoun ("en av dem" = "one of them"), not the indefinite generic pronoun man/en ("one does X"). Lemma is mistagged as man; it should be en (numeral pronoun "one"). Gloss "one" happens to still be correct.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking andradetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andraSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies enochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskrattadelaughedskratta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with enåtatåt · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skrattade—"Yes, and that's probably why it was toppled over.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfördenskullfor that reasonfördenskull · adverbmodifies blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blevvälprobablyväl · adverbmodifies kullstörtatocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies kullstörtatkullstörtattoppled overkullstörta · verb, active, supinecomplement of blevBut just look for yourself whether it isn't like a real high mountain, with a broad foot and a pointed summit!"
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationselookse · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies sesjälvyourselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies seomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of liktdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of liktintenotinte · particlemodifies liktärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to liktliktlikelikt · adverbadverbial clause on seettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of högfjällriktigtrealriktig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies högfjällhögfjällhigh mountainhögfjäll · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of liktmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking fotbredbroadbred · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fotfotfootfot · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of liktochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationspetsigpointedspetsig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies topptopptoptopp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with fot—"It doesn't suit such a mountain country badly to look like a mountain itself," said one of the other tourists.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of passarpassarsuitpassa · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies passarillabadlyilla · adverbmodifies passarförforför · prepositionpreposition marking fjällandettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of fjällandsådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies fjällandfjällandmountain countryfjälland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of passaratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
självtitselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying fjällandutlookut · adverbdepends on sesomlikesom · prepositionintroduces the clause of fjällFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of fjällfjällmountainfjäll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to passarenoneman · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of sadeSurfaces are only "en"/"En" used as a counting pronoun ("en av dem" = "one of them"), not the indefinite generic pronoun man/en ("one does X"). Lemma is mistagged as man; it should be en (numeral pronoun "one"). Gloss "one" happens to still be correct.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking turisternadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of turisternaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies turisternaturisternathe touriststuristerna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies en"But although I have heard other tales about
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfastänalthoughfastän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hörtjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörtharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörthörtheardhöra · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sagorsagortalessaga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hörtomaboutom · prepositiondepends on hört- 28
Jämtland, I have never...
JämtlandJämtlandJämtland · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haraldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies jag —"Have you heard tales about Jämtland?" cried the young girl, not even giving him time to finish speaking.
Harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörtduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörthörtheardhöra · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesagortalessaga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hörtomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of JämtlandJämtlandJämtlandJämtland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of hörtropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of flickanungayoungung · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies flickanflickangirlflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgavtookge · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ropadeLight-verb idioms in the examples: "gav ... till ett klagoskrik" = let out a cry; "gav sig tid" = took the time — not literal "gave" in either case.
sigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of gavintenotinte · particlemodifies gavenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångevengång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gavtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gavatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of låtainfinitive marker before a verb.
låtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying tidhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of låtatalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låtatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking punktpunktthe endpunkt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tala"Then you must tell them at once.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies talaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of taladuyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talatalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceomtellom · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of talagenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies talaIt could never suit better than up here, where you can see the whole country."
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of passakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of passaaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies passapassabe more fittingpassa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencebättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of passaänthanän · prepositionpreposition marking häroppehäroppeup herehäroppe · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of passaFunctions as the adverb 'häroppe' (up here), mistagged as a noun.
därtheredär · adverbmodifies sermanyouman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on häroppehelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of ser- 29
All the others agreed with her, and their companion did not have to be asked twice, but began at once.
Allaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andradetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andraSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraothersannan · pronoun, pluralsubject of stämdestämdeagreedstämde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceininin · adverbdepends on stämdemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stämdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationderastheirde · pronounpossessor of kamratpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
kamrattheir companionkamrat · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with stämdevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to svårbeddintenotinte · particlemodifies svårbeddallsat allalls · adverbmodifies svårbeddsvårbeddhard to persuadesvårbedd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on kamratutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
börjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with svårbeddgenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies började - 30
THE TALE OF JÄMTLAND.
SAGANTHE TALESAGAN · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseOMABOUTOM · adverbdepends on SAGANJÄMTLANDJämtlandJämtland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of OM - 31
In the days when there were still giants in Jämtland, it happened once that an old mountain giant stood in the yard outside his dwelling grooming his horses.
Påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking tidendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of händedåwhendå · adverbmodifies fannsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsännustillännu · adverbmodifies fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativerelative clause on tidenexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
jättargiantsjätta · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on fannsjättar is the plural noun 'giants'; mistagged as a verb.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking JämtlandJämtlandJämtlandJämtland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of jättarhändehappenedhände · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with händeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of händeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stodenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bergresegammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bergresebergresethe mountain giantbergrese · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on händepåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking gårdengårdenyardgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodutanföroutsideutanför · prepositionpreposition marking bostadsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of bostadbostaddwellingbostad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationryktadegroomedrykta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodsinahissig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of hästarhästarhorseshäst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of ryktade Just as he was busy with this, he noticed that the horses began to tremble with fear.
Bästjust asBäst · adverbadverbial clause on märkteIn the idiom bäst som ("just as/right when").
somjust assom · pronounoblique complement of höllThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllhöllwas busyhålla · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Bästpåbusypå · prepositionpreposition marking härmedhärmedwith thishärmed · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of höllmärktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of börjadehästarnahorseshäst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of märktedarratrembledarra · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of börjadeinfinitive of the verb darra (to tremble), mistagged as a noun.
avwithav · prepositionpreposition marking ängslanängslananxietyängsla · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of började"What's wrong with you, my horses?" said the giant, and looked around to find out what it was that had frightened the animals.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phraseärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to Vaddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with Vadåtwithåt · prepositionexpletive with Vaderyouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluralsubject of Vadhästarnahorseshäst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with erminamyjag · pronoun, pluralsubject of VadThis entry is really the possessive "mina" (plural agreement), mistagged under the lemma jag.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejättengiantjätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadepast tense of se, 'to see.'
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sågomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies sågförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of taatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tainfinitive marker before a verb.
tato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sågredafind outreda · adverbdepends on tapart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påoutpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of varvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of vardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sågsomthatsom · pronounsubject of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on varskrämtfrightenedskräm · adverbmodifies djurendjurenanimalsdjur · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of hadeHe could discover neither bears nor wolves anywhere nearby.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of upptäckakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of upptäckavarkenneithervarken · conjunctionlinks the coordinationupptäckato discoverupptäcka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencebjörnarbearsbjören · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of upptäckaelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvargarwolvesvarg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with björnarinearbyi · prepositionpreposition marking närhetennärhetenvicinitynärhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of upptäckaThe only thing he noticed was a traveler, who was not nearly so big and stout as he himself, but who was nonetheless fairly tall and seemed to have good bodily strength, climbing up the path that led to his mountain cabin.
Detaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of endaendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativeadverbial clause on höllhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fästefästenoticedfäste · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on endasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of fästevidonvid · prepositionpreposition marking varvarwasvara · adverboblique complement of fästeThis is the past tense "var" of vara ("to be"), not an adverb; the parser mistagged it.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of haenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vandrarevandrarewanderervandrare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hasomwhosom · pronounsubject of storThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies storpånearlypå · prepositionintroduces the clause of storlångtfarlångt · adverbpart of the phrase pånärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of storvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to storsåsoså · adverbmodifies storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on vandrareochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgrovstoutgrov · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with storsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hanhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with storsjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying hanmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsomwhosom · pronounsubject of resligThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
inonethelessi · prepositionpreposition marking fallallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fallfallcasesfall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of resligvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to resligganskaquiteganska · adverbmodifies resligresligtallreslig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with storochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtycktesseemedtycktes · verb, past, indicativecoordinated with reslighato haveha · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fästegodagoodgod · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kroppskrafterkroppskrafterbodily strengthkroppskraft · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hahöllwashålla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåclimbingpå · prepositiondepends on höllatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of klättrainfinitive marker before a verb.
klättrato climbklättra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hölluppförupuppför · adverbpreposition marking stigenstigenpathstig · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of klättrasomwhosom · pronounsubject of leddeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
leddeledleda · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on klättratilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking fjällstugahanshishan · pronounpossessor of fjällstugafjällstugamountain cabinfjällstuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ledde- 32
No sooner had the old mountain giant caught sight of the traveler than he began to tremble from head to foot in just the same way as the horses.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bergresengamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies bergresenbergresenthe mountain giantbergrese · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttintenotinte · particlemodifies fåttförrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies fåttfåttcaughtfå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesynsightsyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåttpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking vandrarenvandrarenthe wanderervandrar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fåttLemma is truncated; the word is vandrare/vandraren ("wanderer").
änthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of börjadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fåttdarratrembledarra · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of börjadeinfinitive of the verb darra (to tremble), mistagged as a noun.
frånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking fothuvudheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase fråntilltotill · prepositionpart of the phrase frånfotfootfot · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of börjadepåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of börjadesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hästarnahästarnahorseshäst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralclause modifying sätt He did not take time to finish his work, but hurried into the great room to the giantess, who sat spinning tow on a distaff.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gavgavtookge · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLight-verb idioms in the examples: "gav ... till ett klagoskrik" = let out a cry; "gav sig tid" = took the time — not literal "gave" in either case.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of gavintenotinte · particlemodifies gavtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gavatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of slutainfinitive marker before a verb.
slutafinishsluta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gavarbetetworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of slutautanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
skyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gavininin · adverbdepends on skyndadeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking storstuganstorstuganthe great roomstorstuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skyndadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking jättekvinnanjättekvinnangiantessjättekvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skyndadesomwhosom · pronounsubject of sattThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
sattsatsätta · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on skyndadeThis form (satt) is actually the past tense of sitta 'to sit', not sätta 'to set'; glossed by its real sense.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationspannspunspann · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with sattPast tense of the verb 'spinna' (to spin); mistagged as a noun.
blånortowblåna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sattBlånor are the coarse fibers separated from flax during processing.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sländaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sländasländaspindleslända · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of satt- 33
"What's the matter?" said his wife. "You're as pale as a snow-covered mountain."
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåthe matterpå · prepositiondepends on stårsadesaidsade · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehustrunwifehustru · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeDuyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blekärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to bleklikaequallylika · adverbmodifies blekblekpaleblek · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of snöfjällettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of snöfjällsnöfjällsnow-covered mountainsnöfjäll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of blek —"Shouldn't I be pale?" said the giant. "There's a traveler coming up the road who's as surely Asa-Thor as you are my wife."
SkulleshouldSkola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blekjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blekintenotinte · particlemodifies blekvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to blekblekpaleblek · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejättengiantjätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeDetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vandrarevandrarewanderervandrare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommerpåuppå · prepositionpreposition marking vägenvägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommersomwhosom · pronounsubject of Asa-TorThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
likasålikewiselikaså · adverbmodifies säkertsäkertsurelysäker · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies Asa-Torused adverbially, 'certainly/surely'.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to Asa-TorAsa-TorAsa-ThorAsa-Tor · proper noun, nominativerelative clause on vägenThe Norse god Thor.
somassom · pronounsubject of hustruThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hustruärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to hustruminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of hustrupossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
hustruwifehustru · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on Asa-Tor—"Well, that's no welcome guest," said the giant's wife. "Can't you cast a spell on his sight, so that he takes the whole farm for a mountain and passes our door by?"
Dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of främmandevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to kärkommetjuwellju · adverbmodifies varingetnothingingen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of kärkommetkärkommetwelcomekärkomme · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies främmandefrämmandestrangefrämmande · adjective, nominativehead of the phrasesadesaidsade · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to främmandejättehustrunthe giant's wifejättehustrun · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeKancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of förvändaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förvändaintenotinte · particlemodifies förvändaförvändabewitchförvända · adjective, nominativehead of the phrasesynensightsyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of förvändapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies synensåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of tarattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tartartakesta · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on förvändahelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gårdengårdenfarmgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tarförasför · prepositionpreposition marking fjällettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of fjällfjällmountainfjäll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of tarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with tarvårourvi · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of dörrMistagged as a pronoun under lemma vi; vår here is the possessive "our", not the pronoun "we".
dörrdoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gårförbipastförbi · adverbmodifies går—"It's too late to work that piece of magic," answered the giant. "I can hear him pushing open the gate and stepping into the yard."
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with sentärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to sentförtooför · adverbmodifies sentsenttoo latesen · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of övainfinitive marker before a verb.
övaworköva · verb, active, infinitivedepends on sentdeniten · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of övatrollkonstenthe magictrollkonst · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of övasvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to sentjättengiantjätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svaradeJagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörhörhearshöra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hörskjutapushingskjuta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of höroppupopp · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on skjutaOpp is the particle upp in older spelling, despite the pronoun label.
grindengategrind · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skjutaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationträdaenterträda · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with skjutaininin · adverbdepends on trädapåintopå · prepositionpreposition marking gårdengårdenyardgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of träda—"Then my advice is that you keep out of the way and let me receive him alone," said the giantess briskly. "I'll try to arrange things so that he won't be in such a hurry to come calling on us again."
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies rådavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of rådajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rådarådato adviseråda · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of rådaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hållerduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hållerhållerkeepshålla · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on rådadigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hållerundanout of the wayundan · adverbdepends on hållerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlåterletlåta · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with hållermigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of låterensamaloneensam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låteremotreceiveemot · adverbdepends on tahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of tasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with rådajättekvinnanthe giantessjättekvinna · adverbsubject of saderasktbrisklyrask · adverbmodifies sadeJagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försökaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of försökaförsökato tryförsöka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceställato arrangeställa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försökadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of ställasåsoså · adverbmodifies ställaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bråtthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bråttintenotinte · particlemodifies bråttkommerwillkomma · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bråttsåsuchså · adverbmodifies bråttbråttin a hurrybrå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on ställaIdiom 'ha brått' = to be in a hurry.
igenagainigen · adverbdepends on bråttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhälsarcomes callinghälsa · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with bråttpåcalling onpå · prepositionpreposition marking osshoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of hälsar- 34
This seemed to the giant an exceedingly good plan.
Dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of syntessyntesseemedsyntes · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentencejättengiantjätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of syntesvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to förslagettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of förslagöverexceedinglyöver · prepositionpreposition marking måttanmåttanexceedinglymåtta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gottgottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies förslagförslagproposalförslag · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of syntes He went into the little chamber, while his wife stayed sitting on the women's bench in the great room, spinning as calmly as if she knew of no danger at all.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceininin · adverbdepends on gickiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking lillkammarenlillkammarenlittle chamberlillkammare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickmedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of satthustrunwifehustru · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gickkvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on sattpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking kvinnobänkenkvinnobänkenwomen's benchkvinnobänk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattiini · prepositionpreposition marking storstuganstorstuganthe great roomstorstuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationspannspunspann · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with storstuganPast tense of the verb 'spinna' (to spin); mistagged as a noun.
såasså · adverbmodifies lugntlugntcalmlylugnd · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with sattused adverbially, 'calm/quiet'.
somassom · pronounintroduces the clause of vissteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of visstehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vissteintenotinte · particlemodifies visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattavofav · prepositionpreposition marking faranågonnonågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of farafaradangerfara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of visstesome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
- 35
Now it should be noted that in those days Jämtland looked entirely different from how it looks in our own.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of märkainfinitive marker before a verb.
märkato noticemärka · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of äratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of såginfinitive marker before a verb.
påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking tidendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on märkapast tense of se, 'to see.'
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with sågheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies annorlundaannorlundadifferentannorlunda · adverbcomplement of sågutlookut · adverbdepends on sågiin those daysi · prepositionpreposition marking JämtlandJämtlandJämtlandJämtland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of sågänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking dagarinowadaysi · prepositionpreposition marking dagarvåraourvi · pronoun, pluralpossessor of dagarPossessive form våra of the plural pronoun vi.
dagardaysdag · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of såg The whole country was nothing but a great, flat expanse of rock, lying so bare and stripped that not even spruce forest could grow on it.
Helawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of storvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to annatintenotinte · particlemodifies annatannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies enänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase annatenaen · determiner, common gender, singularquantifies storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseplattflatplatt · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bergviddbergviddrocky expansebergvidd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with storsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
låglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on bergviddsåsoså · adverbmodifies nakennakenbarenak · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of storochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkalbarekal · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with nakenAdjective kal ('bare/barren'); tagged as noun.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of växadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gångintenotinte · particlemodifies gångenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångevengång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of växakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of växaväxato growväxa · verb, active, infinitivedepends on storgranskogspruce forestgranskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of växapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of växaThere was no lake, no river, no soil where a plow could pass.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
intenotinte · particlemodifies fannssjölakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannsintenotinte · particlemodifies flodflodriverflod · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with fannsintenotinte · particlemodifies markmarkgroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to fannsdärtheredär · adverbmodifies gåplogplowplog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on markframforwardfram · adverbdepends on gåNot even the mountains and mountain-masses that now lie scattered over the land existed there then, but they all stood ranged far away in the west.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies fjällensat onceens · adverbpart of the phrase InteUsed in the fixed idiom med ens 'all at once/suddenly.'
detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fjällSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
fjällmountainsfjäll · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of uppradadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbergklumparmountain massesbergklump · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with fjällsomthatsom · pronounsubject of liggaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
nunownu · adverbmodifies liggaliggato lieligga · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on bergklumparspriddascatteredspridd · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of liggaöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of spriddafunnosexistedfunnos · pronoun, pluralcoordinated with fjällFunnos is the historical plural past form of finnas.
därtheredär · adverbmodifies dådåthendå · adverbmodifies funnosutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of stodostodostoodstodo · verb, present, indicativemodifies uppradadeHistorical past-plural form of stå (cf. voro, gingo); despite the 'present' tag this is past tense.
allaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of uppradadeuppradaderangedupprada · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraselångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies uppradadebortafar awayborta · adverbmodifies uppradadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking västervästerwestväster · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bortaHuman beings could not live anywhere within the whole wide area, but the giants thrived there all the better for it.
Människornathe peopleMänniskorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of levakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of levaintenotinte · particlemodifies levalevato liveleva · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencenågonstanssomewherenågonstans · adverbmodifies levainomwithininom · prepositionpreposition marking områdethelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies områdetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of områdetvidawidevid · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies områdetområdetterritoryområde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of någonstansmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjättarnagiantsjättarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive trivdestrivdesfelt at hometriv · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with levalemma abbreviated from trivas; 'trivdes' = felt at home/thrived.
därtheredär · adverbmodifies trivdessåall theså · adverbmodifies bättremycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies bättrebättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies trivdesIt was probably not without their will and doing that the land lay so desolate and inhospitable, and it was surely with good reason that the mountain giant felt uneasy when he saw Asa-Thor approaching his cabin.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varittordeprobablytorde · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitintenotinte · particlemodifies varithahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceutanwithoututan · prepositionpreposition marking viljaderastheirde · pronounpossessor of viljapossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
viljawillvilja · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive nalkasochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationåtgörandenactionsåtgörand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with viljasomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
landetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on viljasåsoså · adverbmodifies lågödedesolateöde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with viljaöde is both a neuter noun 'fate' and an unrelated adjective 'deserted/desolate'; some examples use the adjective.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationogästvänligtinhospitableogästvänlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with ödeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of grundervarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to grundernogsurelynog · adverbmodifies varpåwithpå · prepositionpreposition marking grundergodagoodgod · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies grundergrunderreasonsgrund · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with viljasomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of kändeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
bergresenthe mountain giantbergres · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändekändefeltkän · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on grunderPast tense 'kände' of känna, here in the sense 'recognized'; same surface as käna but a distinct sense of the polysemous verb.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kändeängsliganxiousängslig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of kändenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of såghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on nalkaspast tense of se, 'to see.'
Asa-TorAsa-ThorAsa-Tor · proper noun, nominativeindirect object of sågThe Norse god Thor.
nalkasdraws nearnalka · verb, present, indicative, passivecoordinated with varithanshishan · pronounpossessor of stugastugacottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive nalkasHe knew that the gods did not love those who spread cold, darkness, and desolation about them and kept the earth from becoming rich, fertile, and adorned with human dwellings.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of älskadeasarnathe Norse godsasarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of älskadeintenotinte · particlemodifies älskadeälskadelovedälskad · adjective, nominative, pluralclausal complement of visstedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of älskadesomwhosom · pronounsubject of spredoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
spredospreadspredo · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on demPast-plural of the verb 'sprida' (to spread); mistagged as an infinitive.
omkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of spredoköldcoldköld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of spredomörkerdarknessmörker · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with köldochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationödslighetdesolationödslighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with köldochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhindradehinderedhindra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with spredojordenearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hindradefrånfromfrån · prepositionintroduces the clause of bliatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bliinfinitive marker before a verb.
blibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hindraderikrichrik · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blifruktbarfertilefruktbar · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with bliochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpryddadornedprydd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with blimedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking människoboningarmänniskoboningarhuman dwellingsmänniskoboning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of bli- 36
The giantess did not need to wait long before firm footsteps were heard in the yard, and the same traveler the giant had seen on the road flung open the door and stepped into the cabin.
Jättekvinnanthe giantessJättekvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väntabehövdeneededbehövdea · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of väntaintenotinte · particlemodifies väntaväntato waitvänta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencelängelonglänge · adverbmodifies väntaförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies fastaused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
fastasolidfast · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stegstegstepssteg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralpassive auxiliary of hördeshördeswas heardhör · verb, past, indicative, passiveparallel clause to väntaPassive past of höra, surface hördes.
påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking gårdengårdenyardgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hördesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdensammethe sameensamme · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies vandrarenvandrarenthe wanderervandrar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hördesLemma is truncated; the word is vandrare/vandraren ("wanderer").
somthatsom · pronoundirect object of settThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jättengiantjätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supinerelative clause on vandrarenpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking vägenvägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of settrycktetuggedrycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with väntauppupupp · adverbdepends on rycktedörrendoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ryckteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationträddestepped inträdde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ryckteininin · adverbdepends on träddeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of trädde The stranger did not stop at the door, as travelers usually did, but went straight toward the woman, who sat by the gable wall farthest away in the room.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of gickfrämmandestrangefrämmande · adjective, nominativemodifies stannadestannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Denintenotinte · particlemodifies stannadevidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking dörrendörrendoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stannadesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of brukadefärdemäntravelersfärdeman · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of brukadeAn older word for a traveler or wayfarer.
brukadeused tobruka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on stannadeutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies gickframforwardfram · adverbmodifies gickmottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking kvinnankvinnanwomankvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gicksomassom · pronounsubject of sattThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
sattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on kvinnanvidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking gavelväggengavelväggengable wallgavelvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattlängstfarthestlänge · adverbmodifies bortabortaawayborta · adverbmodifies sattiini · prepositionpreposition marking rummetrummetroomrumm · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of bortaOlder double-m spelling of modern rum.
But with that walk it happened that when he thought he had been walking for a good while, he had come only a little way from the door and still had far to go to the hearth, which lay in the middle of the room.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vandringendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vandringenvandringenjourneyvandring · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gicksåhappenedså · adverbmodifies gickattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tycktenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tycktehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gicksighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tycktehahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of gåttgåtthappenedgå · verb, active, supinecomplement of tyckteenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gåttvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to styckehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommenbarajustbara · adverbmodifies kommenkommencomekomm · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of varettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of styckelitetlittleliten · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies styckestyckepiecestycke · noun, nominative, neuter, singularin apposition to gickfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking dörrendörrendoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of styckeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with styckeännustillännu · adverbmodifies långtlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies hadekvarstill therekvar · adverbmodifies hadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking eldstadeneldstadenheartheldstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadesomwhichsom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
låglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on eldstadeniini · prepositionpreposition marking mittenmittenthe middlemitt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågavofav · prepositionpreposition marking rummetrummetroomrumm · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies mittenOlder double-m spelling of modern rum.
He lengthened his stride, but when he had walked a further while, it seemed to him as if both the hearth and the giantess were farther from him than when he had first come into the room.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceutlongerut · adverbdepends on togstegenstridesteg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of togSurface 'stegen' is the definite PLURAL of neuter 'steg' (steg/steg/steget/stegen), not 'the step' singular — every example ('lyssnade efter stegen', 'stegen blev osäkra', 'skyndade på stegen') means 'the footsteps/his steps', not one single step.
längrelongerlänge · adverbmodifies togmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåtthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttwalkedgå · verb, active, supinecoordinated with togänthanän · subordinating conjunctionmodifies gåttenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gåttförekomseemedförekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of förekomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of förekomsomassom · pronounsubject of ,Three of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omas ifom · prepositionpreposition marking eldstadenbådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationeldstadenheartheldstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of voroochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjättekvinnangiantessjättekvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with eldstadenvorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, singularpossessor of fjärmarePast plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularsubject of vorofjärmarefartherfjärmare · adverbpart of the phrase somänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionmodifies komhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komförstfirstförst · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on förekomininin · adverbdepends on komiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking rummetrummetroomrumm · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of komOlder double-m spelling of modern rum.
The cabin had not, at first, seemed to him especially large.
Stugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of syntsintenotinte · particlemodifies syntsfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking börjanbörjanbeginningbörjan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of syntssyntsseemedsyntas · verb, active, supinedepends on särdeleshonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of syntssärdelesespeciallysärdeles · adverbhead of the phrasestorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of särdelesHe only truly understood how vast it was once he had at last come as far as the hearth, for by then he was so tired that he had to lean on his staff to rest.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstodförstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceförstfirstförst · adverbmodifies förstodrättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ansenlighurhowhur · adverbmodifies ansenligansenligvastansenlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of förstoddenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of ansenligvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ansenlignärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommitäntligenfinallyäntligen · adverbmodifies kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on ansenligsåasså · adverbmodifies långtlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies kommitsomassom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking eldstadentilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking eldstadeneldstadenheartheldstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommitförforför · prepositionpreposition marking hanhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ansenligdåby thendå · adverbmodifies varsåsoså · adverbpart of the phrase vartrötttiredtrött · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of varattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stödjahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stödjamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of stödjastödjalean onstödja · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of varsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of stödjamotonmot · prepositionpreposition marking stavenstaventhe staffstav · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stödjaförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of vilaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vilainfinitive marker before a verb.
vilato restvila · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stödjaWhen the giantess saw that he had stopped, she laid down her distaff, rose from the bench, and in a few steps was at his side.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågjättekvinnangiantessjättekvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ladepast tense of se, 'to see.'
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stannadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stannadestannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of sågladelaidla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentence"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ladenerdownner · adverbdepends on ladesländanthe spindlesländan · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of laderesteroseresa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ladesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of restefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking bänkenbänkenbenchbänk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of resteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of fåthe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
medwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of fåfåfewfå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with restestegstepsstiga · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fåThe parser conflates the past tense 'steg' of 'stiga' with the plural noun 'steg' ('steps').
frammethereframme · adverbmodifies få'vara framme' = to have arrived/be at the front.
hoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of få"We giants like large cabins," she said, "and my husband is always complaining that it's cramped in here.
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of jättarjättargiantsjätta · verb, present, indicative, activesubject of tyckerjättar is the plural noun 'giants'; mistagged as a verb.
tyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceomlikeom · prepositionintroduces the clause of sadestorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stugorstugorcottagesstuga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of tyckerhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of husbondepossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
husbondehusbandhusbonde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of brukarbrukartends tobruka · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sadeklagato complainklaga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of brukaröveraboutöver · prepositionintroduces the clause of härinneattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of härinnedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of härinneärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to härinnetrångtcrampedtrång · adverbmodifies härinnehärinnein herehärinne · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on klagaBut I can understand that it must be wearisome to walk through a giant's cabin for one who can't take longer strides than you.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förståkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of förståförståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blirdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of förståmödosamtwearisomemödosam · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of bliratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gåinfinitive marker before a verb.
gågogå · verb, active, infinitivedepends on blirigenomthroughigenom · prepositiondepends on gåjättestuganthe giant's cabinjättestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gåförforför · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåsomwhosom · pronounsubject of taThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies takancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on denlängrelongerlång · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies stegstegstepsteg · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of taänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of duduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on taNow tell me who you are, and what you seek among the giants!"
SägtellSäg · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies Sägvemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of ärduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of Sägochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sökerduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sökersökerseekssöka · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with Säghoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking jättarnajättarnagiantsjättarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sökerIt looked as if the traveler had meant to give a sharp answer, but he surely did not wish to start a quarrel with a woman, and instead he answered quite calmly:
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
utlookut · adverbdepends on sågsomassom · pronounsubject of geThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gevandrarenthe wanderervandrar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of geLemma is truncated; the word is vandrare/vandraren ("wanderer").
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of geämnathad meantämna · noun, nominative, neuter, singularauxiliary of gegeto givege · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sågettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of svarhäftigtviolenthäftig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies svarsvaranswersvar · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsäkerligensurelysäkerligen · adverbmodifies börjavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of börjahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjaintenotinte · particlemodifies börjabörjato beginbörja · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gegrälquarrelgräl · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of börjamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking kvinnaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kvinnakvinnawomankvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of börjautanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svaradesvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sågheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies lugntlugntcalmlylugnd · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of svaradeused adverbially, 'calm/quiet'.
"My name is Handfaste, and I am a champion who has taken part in many adventures.
MittmyMitt · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of namnnamnnamenamn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of Handfasteärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to HandfasteHandfasteHandfasteHandfaste · proper noun, nominativehead of the phrasea legendary champion's name.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kämpeärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to kämpeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kämpekämpechampionkämpe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Handfastesomwhosom · pronounsubject of varitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supinerelative clause on kämpemedwithmed · prepositiondepends on varitominom · prepositionpreposition marking äventyrmångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies äventyräventyradventuresäventyr · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of varitThis past year I have sat at home on my farm, and I had just begun to wonder whether there would never again be anything for me to do, when I heard people saying that you giants take such poor care of the land up here that no one but yourselves can live in it.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies suttitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of suttitjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of suttitsuttitsatsutta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceArchaic spelling of suttit, the supine of sitta ("to sit").
hemmaat homehemma · adverbmodifies suttitvidonvid · prepositionpreposition marking gårdengårdenfarmgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of suttithelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies åretåretyearår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of suttitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with suttitjustjustjust · adverbmodifies börjadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of undrainfinitive marker before a verb.
undrato wonderundra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on börjadeomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blidetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blialdrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies bliskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of undranågotanythingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of mermeragainmycket · adverbcomplement of bliatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göradogöra · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying merförforför · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of göranärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hördejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on talamänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hördetalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of bliomwhetherom · prepositionintroduces the clause of jättarattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of jättarniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of jättarsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
jättargiantsjätta · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on talajättar is the plural noun 'giants'; mistagged as a verb.
skötertakes care ofsköta · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with blisåsuchså · adverbmodifies illaillabadlyilla · adverbmodifies sköteromthatom · prepositionpreposition marking landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of blihäroppeup herehäroppe · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcomplement of bliFunctions as the adverb 'häroppe' (up here), mistagged as a noun.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of boingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of mermerelsemycket · adverbmodifies niänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase merniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bosecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
självayourselvessjälv · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying nikancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of boboto livebo · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying häroppe"To dwell/live"; not to be confused with bo, "nest".
härherehär · adverbmodifies boI have now come here to speak with your husband about this matter and ask whether he will not see to it that better order is made here."
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dragitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of dragitnunownu · adverbmodifies dragitdragitcomedraga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceArchaic supine of dra; sense shifts widely with the particle it governs (dragit i led, dragit ihop, dragit bort, dragit upp).
hitherehit · adverbdepends on dragitförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of talaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of talainfinitive marker before a verb.
talato speaktala · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on dragitvidwithvid · prepositionpreposition marking husbondedinyourdu · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of husbondehusbondehusbandhusbonde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of talaomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking sakendennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sakensakenthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfrågaquestionfråga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sakenomwhetherom · prepositionintroduces the clause of lagahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lagaintenotinte · particlemodifies lagavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lagalagato see to itlaga · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of frågaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blirhärherehär · adverbmodifies blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on lagaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ordningbättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies ordningordningorderordning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of blir- 37
"My husband has gone hunting," said the giantess, "and he can answer your questions himself when he comes home.
MinmyMin · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of husbondehusbondehusbandhusbonde · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gångenärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to gångengångengonegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasepåhuntingpå · prepositionpreposition marking jaktjakthuntingjakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gångensadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to gångenjättekvinnangiantessjättekvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fårfårcanfå · verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of svarasjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fårsvarato answersvara · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to gångenpåanswerpå · prepositionpreposition marking frågordinayourdu · pronoun, pluralpossessor of frågorThis entry is really the possessive "dina" (plural agreement), mistagged under the lemma du.
frågorquestionsfråga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of svaranärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommerhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on svarahemhomehem · adverbmodifies kommer But I will tell you that one who dares put such questions to a mountain giant ought to be a bigger man than you.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sägaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of mandenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of mansomwhosom · pronounsubject of vågarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
vågardaresvåga · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on denställato putställa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of vågarsådanasuchsån · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies spörsmålspörsmålquestionsspörsmål · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of ställatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking bergreseenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bergresebergresethe mountain giantbergrese · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ställabordeought toböra · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of manBare borde is simple past modal ("ought to"/"should"); the perfect sense ("ought to have") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth ("borde släppa taget") has no ha and translates as plain "ought to."
varabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to manenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of manstörrebiggerstor · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies manmanmanman · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of sägaänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of duduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying manIt would surely be best for your honor if you went your way at once without meeting the giant."
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with säkertvorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to säkertsäkertsurelysäker · adverbmodifies råkabästbestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies säkertförforför · prepositionpreposition marking hederdinyourdu · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of hederhederhonorheda · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of säkertomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gingeduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gingegingewentginge · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of vägmistagged as a proper noun; it is the past subjunctive of 'gå' (to go).
dinyourdu · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of vägvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of säkertgenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies säkertutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of råkaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of råkainfinitive marker before a verb.
råkameetråka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencejättengiantjätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of råka—"I'll certainly wait for him, now that I've come this far," said the one who called himself Handfaste.
Nogcertainlynog · adverbmodifies väntaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of väntajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väntaväntato waitvänta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceininin · adverbdepends on väntahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of väntanärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hitkommenjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hitkommennunownu · adverbmodifies hitkommenärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to hitkommenhitkommencome this farhitkomm · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on väntasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with väntahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesomwhosom · pronounsubject of kalladeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kalladecalledkalla · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on sadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kalladeHandfasteHandfasteHandfaste · proper noun, nominativedirect object of kalladea legendary champion's name.
—"I've advised you as best I know how," said the mistress of the house, "now you must follow your own will.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råttharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of råttråttadvisedråt · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceSupine of 'råda', which means both 'to prevail/reign' and 'to advise'.
digyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of råttsåasså · adverbmodifies förstårgottbestgod · adverbpart of the phrase såjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstårförstårunderstand(s)förstå · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on råttsadesaidsade · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with råtthusmodernmistress of househusmoder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadenunownu · adverbmodifies följafårmustfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of följaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of följaföljato followfölja · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to sadedinyourdu · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of viljaegenownegen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies viljaviljawillvilja · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of följaSit down here on the bench, and I'll go and fetch you a welcome drink!"
Sättsitsätt · verb, imperative, activedepends on gådigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of Sätthärherehär · adverbmodifies Sättpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking bänkenbänkenbenchbänk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Sättsåandså · adverbadverbial clause on gåskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhämtato fetchhämta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gådigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of gåenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of välkomstdryckvälkomstdryckwelcome drinkvälkomstdryck · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gå- 38
The woman now took an enormous mead-horn and went to the innermost corner of the room, where the mead-cask lay.
Kvinnanthe womankvinnan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies togettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of mjödhornväldigttremendousväldig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies mjödhornmjödhornmead hornmjödhorn · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of togochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbegavset offbegav · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with togReflexive 'begav sig' = 'made his/her way, set off'; lemma should be 'begiva'.
sigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of begavtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking vrårummetsthe room'srumme · noun, genitive, neuter, singularpossessor of vråinnerstainnermostinnerst · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies vråvråcornervrå · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of begavdärtheredär · adverbmodifies lågmjödtunnanmead barrelmjödtunna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on vrå This too did not seem especially large to the guest, but when the woman pulled out the spigot, the mead came crashing down into the horn with a roar, as if an entire waterfall had come into the room.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies synteshellereitherheller · adverbmodifies Intedennathesedenna · pronoun, pluraloblique complement of syntessyntesseemedsyntes · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentencegästenthe guestgäste · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of syntessärdelesespeciallysärdeles · adverbmodifies syntesbetydliglargebetydlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of särdelesmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of drogkvinnanwomankvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of drogdrogpulleddra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with syntesurout ofur · prepositiondepends on drogtappenspigottapp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of drogstörtadecame crashing downstörta · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies mjödetmjödetmeadmjöd · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of drognerdownner · adverbmodifies drogiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking hornethornethornhorn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of nermedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking dånettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of dåndånroardån · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of drogsomassom · pronounsubject of kommitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omas ifom · prepositionpreposition marking vattenfallettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of vattenfallheltwholehelt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies vattenfallvattenfallwaterfallVattenfall · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinerelative clause on dånininin · adverbdepends on kommitiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking rummetrummetroomrumm · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommitOlder double-m spelling of modern rum.
The horn was soon filled, and the mistress of the house tried to put the spigot back in the cask.
Hornetthe hornHorn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of fylltvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to fylltsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies fylltfylltfilledfylla · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhusmodernmistress of househusmoder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sättavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sättasättato set/putsätta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with fyllttappenspigottapp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sättaiini · prepositionpreposition marking tunnantunnanbarreltunna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sättaBut she did not succeed.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of lyckadeslyckadesmanagedlyckades · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lyckadesintenotinte · particlemodifies lyckadesThe mead surged forth with force, flung the spigot out of her hand, and streamed down onto the floor.
Mjödetthe meadMjödet · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of brusadebrusaderoaredbrusa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceframforwardfram · adverbdepends on brusademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking fartfartspeedfart · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of brusadeslungadehurledslunga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with brusadetappenspigottapp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slungadeurout ofur · adverbmodifies tappenFunctions as a preposition ('out of / from'), mistagged as an adverb.
hennesherhon · pronoundepends on tappenpossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
handhandhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tappenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationströmmadestreamedströmma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with slungadenerdownner · adverbmodifies strömmadepåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking golvetgolvetfloorgolv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of strömmadeThe giantess made a fresh attempt to put in the spigot, but again failed.
Jättekvinnanthe giantessjättekvinnan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of försöknyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies försökförsökattemptförsök · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gjordeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sättainfinitive marker before a verb.
sättato set/putsätta · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying försökiini · prepositionpreposition marking tappentappenspigottapp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sättamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmisslyckadesfailedmisslycka · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with gjordeåteragainåter · adverbmodifies misslyckadesThen she called the stranger to help her.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies kalladekalladecalledkalla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kalladefrämlingenstrangerfrämling · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kalladetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking hjälphjälphelphjälp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kallade"You see the mead is running away from me, Handfaste. Come here and put the spigot in the cask!"
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of rinnermjödetmeadmjöd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of rinnerrinnerrunsrinna · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of serbortawaybort · adverbdepends on rinnerförfromför · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rinnerHandfasteHandfasteHandfaste · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with miga legendary champion's name.
KomcomeKom · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencehitherehit · adverbmodifies Komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with Komtappenspigottapp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Komiini · prepositionpreposition marking tunnantunnanbarreltunna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tappenThe guest hurried at once to help.
Gästenthe guestGästen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skyndadeskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies skyndadeframforwardfram · adverbmodifies skyndadeförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of hjälpaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hjälpainfinitive marker before a verb.
hjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skyndadeHe took the spigot and tried to force it into the hole, but the mead shot it out again, threw it far across the room, and went on flooding the floor.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetappenspigottapp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of togochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsöktetriedsöka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with togtvingato forcetvinga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of sökteininin · adverbdepends on tvingadenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of tvingaiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking hålethåletholehål · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of tvingamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmjödetmeadmjöd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of skötskötshotsköt · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with togåteragainåter · adverbmodifies skötutoutut · adverbdepends on skötdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of skötkastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with togdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardirect object of kastadelångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies framåtframåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies kastaderummetroomrumm · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kastadeOlder double-m spelling of modern rum.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfortforwent onfortfor · adverbmodifies översvämmaMistagged as adverb; this is the past tense of the verb 'fortfara', meaning 'continued/went on'.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of översvämmainfinitive marker before a verb.
översvämmafloodöversvämma · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kastadegolvetfloorgolv · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of översvämma- 39
Time after time Handfaste made the attempt again, but he could not manage it, and he threw the spigot from him.
GångtimeGång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordeUsed in 'gång på gång' (time after time).
påafterpå · prepositionpreposition marking Gånggångtimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase pågjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceHandfasteHandfasteHandfaste · proper noun, nominativesubject of gjordea legendary champion's name.
omagainom · prepositionpreposition marking försöketförsöketattemptförsök · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gjordemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lyckasvillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lyckasintenotinte · particlemodifies lyckaslyckasmanagelycka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gjordehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lyckasochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kastadekastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gjordetappenspigottapp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kastadeifrånfromifrån · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of kastade The whole floor now stood covered with mead, and to make it more bearable in the cabin, the stranger set about tracing deep furrows where the mead could flow.
Helawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies golvetgolvetfloorgolv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies täckttäcktcoveredtäcka · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of stodavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking mjödmjödmeadmjöd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of täcktochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of fåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fåmakefå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with stoddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of fådrägligaremore bearabledräglig · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of fåiini · prepositionpreposition marking stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fåföretogset aboutföreta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on stodsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of företogdeniten · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of företogfrämmandestrangefrämmande · adjective, nominativepart of the phrase denatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ritainfinitive marker before a verb.
ritadrawrita · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of företoguppupupp · adverbdepends on ritadjupadeepdjup · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fårorfårorfurrowsfåra · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of ritadärtheredär · adverbmodifies flytamjödetmeadmjöd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of flytakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flytaflytaflowflyta · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on fårorHe made channels for the mead in the hard rock slabs, just as children in springtime make channels in the sand for the snow-water, and here and there he stamped with his foot deep hollows where the liquid could collect.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevägarroadsväg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of gjordeförforför · prepositionpreposition marking mjödetmjödetmeadmjöd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gjordeiini · prepositionpreposition marking berghällenhårdahardhård · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies berghällenberghällenthe rockberghäll · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of gjordesåsomassåsom · conjunctionintroduces the clause of görabarnchildbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of göraominom · prepositionpreposition marking vårenvårenspringvår · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of göragöramakegöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gjordevägarroadsväg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of göraiin springtimei · prepositionpreposition marking sandensandensandsand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of göraförforför · prepositionpreposition marking snövattnetsnövattnetthe snowmeltsnövatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sandenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhärherehär · adverbadverbial clause on stampadeochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase härdärtheredär · adverbmodifies stampadestampadestampedstampa · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with gjordePast tense of the verb 'stampa' (to stamp); mistagged as an adjective.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stampademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking fotenfotenfootfot · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stampadeuppupupp · adverbmodifies stampadedjupadeepdjup · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hålorhålorhollowshåla · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of stampadedärtheredär · adverbmodifies samlavätskanthe liquidvätska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of samlakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of samlasamlato gathersamla · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on hålorsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of samlaThe giantess stood silent all the while, and had the guest glanced up at her, he would surely have seen that she watched the work with astonishment and dread.
Jättekvinnanthe giantessJättekvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetystquiettyst · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of stodunderall the whileunder · prepositionpreposition marking tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodgästenthe guestgäste · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadeblickathad glancedblickama · verb, active, supinecomplement of hadeuppupupp · adverbdepends on blickattillattill · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blickattordewould surelytorde · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of setthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of setthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supinecoordinated with stodattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of såghonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking förskräckelsehäpnadamazementhäpnad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase medochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförskräckelseterrorförskräckelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with honsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on stodpåwatchedpå · prepositionpreposition marking arbetetarbetetworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sågBut once he was finished, she said in a mocking voice, "I thank you, Handfaste.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of färdighanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of färdigvälonceväl · adverbmodifies färdigvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to färdigfärdigreadyfärdig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to färdighonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking röstgäckandemockinggäckande · adjective, nominativemodifies röströstvoiceröst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sadeJagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tackartackarthanktacka · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to färdigdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of tackarHandfasteHandfasteHandfaste · proper noun, nominativedirect object of tackara legendary champion's name.
I see that you do as well as you can.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of görduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of görgördoesgöra · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of sersåasså · adverbintroduces the clause of kangottas wellgod · adverbpart of the phrase såduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kankancankunna · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on görMy husband usually helps me put in the spigot.
Husbondenhusbandhusbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brukarbrukartends tobruka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceeljestotherwiseeljest · adverbmodifies hjälpahjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on brukarmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälpaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sättainfinitive marker before a verb.
sättato set/putsätta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on brukariini · prepositionpreposition marking tappentappenspigottapp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sättaIt's not to be expected that everyone should have his strength, but since you can't manage this, it seems to me best that you set off on your way at once."
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of begäraärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to begäraintenotinte · particlemodifies begäraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of begärainfinitive marker before a verb.
begäraask for/demandbegära · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ägaallaallall · pronoun, pluralsubject of ägaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of ägaägato haveäga · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of begärahanshishan · pronounpossessor of styrkastyrkastrengthstyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ägamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of rårduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rårintenotinte · particlemodifies rårrårcan managerår · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with ägamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of rårtycksseemstyckas · verb, present, indicativecoordinated with begäradetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with tycksmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularsubject of tycksbästbestbra · adverbmodifies tycksattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of drarduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of drargenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies drardrardrawsdra · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on tycksdinayourdu · pronoun, pluralpossessor of färdeThis entry is really the possessive "dina" (plural agreement), mistagged under the lemma du.
färdeafootfärde · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of drarArchaic noun surviving only in the idiom 'fara å färde', 'danger afoot/about'.
—"I won't leave until I've delivered my errand," said the stranger, though he looked ashamed and downcast.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies gåvillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sadeförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies harused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of framförtframförtdeliveredframföra · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on gåmittmyjag · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of ärendeThis entry is really the possessive "mitt" (neuter agreement), mistagged under the lemma jag.
ärendeerrandärende · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of framförtsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of sadefrämmandestrangefrämmande · adjective, nominativemodifies sademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadepast tense of se, 'to see.'
skamsenashamedskams · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sågAdjective 'skamsen' (ashamed); mistagged as a noun by the parser.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnedslagendowncastnedslag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with skamsenMislabeled as a noun; nedslagen is the adjective "downcast/dejected".
utlookut · adverbdepends on såg—"Then sit yourself down there on the bench," said the woman, "and I'll put the pot on the fire and cook you some porridge!"
Slåsitslå · verb, imperative, activedepends on sättadigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of Slådåthendå · adverbmodifies Slånerdownner · adverbdepends on Slådärtheredär · adverbmodifies Slåpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking bänkenbänkenbenchbänk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of därsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Slåkvinnanwomankvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesåandså · adverbadverbial clause on sättaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sättajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sättasättato set/putsätta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencegrytanpotgryta · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sättapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking eldeneldenfireeld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sättaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkokato boilkoka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sättagrötporridgegröt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kokaåtforåt · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of koka- 40
The mistress of the house did as she had said.
Husmodernmistress of the houseHusmodern · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sagthonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sagthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagtsagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on gjorde But when the porridge was almost ready, she turned to the guest.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of färdiggrötenporridgegröt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of färdigvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to färdignästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies färdigfärdigreadyfärdig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on vändevändeturnedvände · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vändetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking gästengästenguestgäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vände"Now I notice the meal is running low, so I can't get the porridge thick enough.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies märkermärkernoticesmärka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märkerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hållermjöletflourmjöl · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of hållerhållerkeepshålla · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of märkerpårunning lowpå · prepositiondepends on hålleratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tainfinitive marker before a verb.
tato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hållerslutendslut · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on tasåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of fåattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåintenotinte · particlemodifies fåfågetfå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on märkergrötenporridgegröt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåstadigthickstadig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of fånogenoughnog · adverbmodifies fåWould you have the strength to turn the mill standing beside you a couple of turns?
SkullewouldSkola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of orkaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of orkaorkahave the strength toorka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vridainfinitive marker before a verb.
vridato turnvrida · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on orkaomkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking kvarnenkvarnenmillkvarn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vridasomthatsom · pronounsubject of stårThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
stårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on kvarnenbredvidnearbybredvid · adverbdepends on stårdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of stårettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies slagslagkindsslag · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of stårThere's grain between the stones.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of liggerliggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesädgrainsäd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of liggermellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking stenarnastenarnastonessten · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of liggerBut you'll have to use all your strength, for the mill doesn't turn easily."
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tafårhave tofå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitivedepends on gåriexert yourselfi · prepositiondepends on tamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking krafterallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of krafterkrafterstrengthkraft · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of taförforför · prepositionpreposition marking kvarnenkvarnenmillkvarn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with tagårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejustjustjust · adverbmodifies gårintenotinte · particlemodifies gårlätteasilylätt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies gårch01-p14 'ett lätt buller' renders as 'a faint noise' in the translation, a distinct sense from weight/air-lightness or ease.
- 41
The guest did not need to be asked twice, but tried to turn the hand-mill.
Gästenthe guestGästen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lätlätletlät · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies bedjalängelonglänge · adverbmodifies bedjabedjabe askedbedja · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of lätsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bedjautanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
försöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lätvridato turnvrida · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försöktehandkvarnenthe hand-millhandkvarn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of vrida It did not seem to him especially large, but when he took hold of the handle and tried to turn the stone around, it went so stiffly that he could not budge it.
Deniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of syntessyntesseemsyntes · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of syntesintenotinte · particlemodifies särdelesvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of särdelessärdelesespeciallysärdeles · adverbcomplement of syntesstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of särdelesmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fattadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fattadefattadetook holdfatta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with särdelesomaroundom · prepositionpreposition marking handtagethandtagetthe handlehandtag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fattadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of föraföraturnföra · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with fattadestenenstonesten · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of föraruntaroundrunt · adverbmodifies föragickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of gicksåsoså · adverbmodifies trögttrögtstifflytrög · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies gickattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of rubbahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rubbaintenotinte · particlemodifies rubbakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of rubbarubbabudgerubba · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of gickdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of rubbaHe had to use all his strength and still could not manage to turn it more than one revolution.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of användamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of användaanvändauseanvända · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencehelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies styrkasinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of styrkastyrkastrengthstyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of användaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförmåddemanagedförmåda · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with användaändåstilländå · adverbmodifies förmåddeintenotinte · particlemodifies dragadragaturndraga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of förmåddeArchaic form of 'dra'.
denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of varvmeramoremycket · adverbmodifies varvänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking varvettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of varvvarvrevolutionvarv · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of draga- 42
The giantess watched in astonished silence all the while he worked.
Jättekvinnanthe giantessJättekvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
påwatchedpå · prepositiondepends on sågunderinunder · prepositionpreposition marking tystnadhäpenastonishedhäp · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tystnadtystnadsilencetystnad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sågsåasså · adverbmodifies längelängeall the whilelänge · adverbcoordinated with sågsomwhilesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of arbetadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of arbetadearbetadeworkedarbeta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on länge But when he left the mill, she said, "I usually get better help from my husband when the mill won't turn.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lämnadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lämnadelämnadeleftlämna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sadekvarnenmillkvarn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lämnadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeNogcertainlynog · adverbmodifies brukarbrukartends tobruka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brukarfågetfå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of brukarbättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies hjälphjälphelphjälp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking husbondeminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of husbondepossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
husbondehusbandhusbonde · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fånärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåkvarnenmillkvarn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåintenotinte · particlemodifies gåvillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fåruntaroundrunt · adverbmodifies gåBut no one can ask you to do more than you have the strength for.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of begärakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of begärabegäraask for/demandbegära · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of göraduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of göraskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of göragöradogöra · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of begärameramoremycket · adverbmodifies göraänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of harduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on görakrafterstrengthkraft · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hartillfortill · prepositionpreposition marking harDon't you see for yourself now that it would be best for you to avoid meeting the one who can grind as much as he likes on this mill?"
SerseeSer · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePresent tense of se ('to see'); capitalized here as sentence-initial.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Sernunownu · adverbmodifies Serintenotinte · particlemodifies Sersjälvyourselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of Serattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bästdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with bästvorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to bästbästbestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativeclausal complement of Serförforför · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bästatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of undvikainfinitive marker before a verb.
undvikaavoidundvika · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying digatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of råkainfinitive marker before a verb.
råkameetråka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of undvikadenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of råkasomwhosom · pronounsubject of malaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of malamalagrindmala · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on densåasså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies malahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villvillwantsvilja · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on malapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking kvarnendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kvarnenhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase denkvarnenmillkvarn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vill—"I still think I'd rather wait for him," said Handfaste, speaking quite low and meekly now.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenogprobablynog · adverbmodifies trorändåstilländå · adverbmodifies trorattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of inväntajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of inväntavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of inväntainväntato wait forinvänta · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of trorhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of inväntasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with trorHandfasteHandfasteHandfaste · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadea legendary champion's name.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtaladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with saderättquiterätt · adverbmodifies lågmältlågmältin a low voicelågmält · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of taladeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsaktmodigtmeeklysaktmodig · adverbcoordinated with lågmält—"Then sit quietly over there on the bench while I make ready a good bed for you," said the giantess, "for you'll likely be forced to stay the night here!"
Sättsitsätt · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of Sättdåthendå · adverbmodifies Sättiquietlyi · prepositionmodifies Sättlugncalmlugn · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase ibortaover thereborta · adverbpart of the phrase ipåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking bänkenbänkenbenchbänk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bortamedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of görjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of görgördoesgöra · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on Sättireadyi · prepositiondepends on görordningreadyordning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase ienaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bäddgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bäddbäddbedbädd · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of göråtforåt · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of görsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Sättjättekvinnangiantessjättekvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of bliduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blilärwill likelylära · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of blinoglikelynog · adverbmodifies bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sadetvungenobligedtvung · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bliatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of stannainfinitive marker before a verb.
stannastaystanna · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of blihärherehär · adverbmodifies stannaöverovernightöver · prepositionpreposition marking nattennattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stanna- 43
She made up the bed with many bolsters and cushions and wished her guest a good night's sleep.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bäddadebäddademade a bedbädda · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking bolstrarmångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bolstrarbolstrarbolstersbolstr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of bäddadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdynorcushionsdyna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with bolstrarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationönskadewishedönska · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with bäddadegästenthe guestgäste · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of önskadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sömngodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sömnsömnsleepsömn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of önskade "I'm afraid you'll find the bed rather hard," she said, "but my husband rests on just such a bed every night."
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räddärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to räddräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseförthatför · prepositionintroduces the clause of finnaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase förduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finnaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of finnafinnafindfinna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on räddbäddenbedbädd · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of finnavälratherväl · adverbmodifies hårdhårdhardhård · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on finnasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to räddhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of husbondepossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
husbondehusbandhusbonde · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vilarvilarrestsvila · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sadepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking lägerettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of lägersådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies lägerlägercampläger · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of vilarvareveryvara · verb, past, indicative, activesubject of sadenattnightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase var- 44
When Handfaste tried to stretch out on the bed, he felt so many lumps and unevenness beneath him that there was no thought of sleeping.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sträckanunownu · adverbpart of the phrase NärHandfasteHandfasteHandfaste · proper noun, nominativesubject of sträckaa legendary champion's name.
villewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sträckasträckato stretch outsträcka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kändech05-p4-s3 ('Ingen den minsta sträcka land...') uses 'sträcka' as the noun (a strip/stretch of land, translated 'strip of land'), not the infinitive verb — a mistagged example under this verb key. The other three examples (stretch up necks / reach out a hand / fly back and forth) do belong to the verb and are covered by the listed senses.
utoutut · adverbdepends on sträckasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sträckapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking bäddenbäddenbedbädd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sträckakändefeltkändäge · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceSurface 'kände' is past tense of 'känna' (to feel); the lemma 'kändäge' is a parser artifact.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändesåsoså · adverbmodifies mångamångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies knölarknölarlumpsknöl · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of kändeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationojämnheterunevennessojämnhet · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with knölarunderbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of kändeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tankedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tankeintenotinte · particlemodifies tankevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tanketankethoughttanke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of kändepåofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of sovaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sovainfinitive marker before a verb.
sovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tanke He tried turning and shifting himself, but could not find any comfort in the bed.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försökteförsöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vridainfinitive marker before a verb.
vridato turnvrida · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on försökteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvändato turnvända · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with vridasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vändamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåintenotinte · particlemodifies fåfåfind comfortfå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with försöktetrevnadcomforttrevnad · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåiini · prepositionpreposition marking bäddenbäddenbedbädd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fåSo he set about throwing out the bedclothes, a cushion here and a bolster there, and after that he slept peacefully right through until morning.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of togdåsodå · adverbmodifies togföraboutför · prepositionintroduces the clause of kastaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kastainfinitive marker before a verb.
kastato throwkasta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on togutoutut · adverbdepends on kastasängklädernathe beddingsängkläderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of kastaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dynadynacushiondyna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies toghitherehit · adverbmodifies togochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of bolsterbolsterbolsterbolst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with togdittheredit · adverbmodifies bolsterochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsedanthensedan · adverbmodifies sovsovsleptsova · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with toghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sovipeacefullyi · prepositionpreposition marking rogodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies roropeacero · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sovändaright throughända · adverbmodifies morgonentilluntiltill · prepositionpreposition marking morgonenmorgonenmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sov- 45
But when the sun shone in through the roof-hole, he rose and left the giants' dwelling.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skensolensunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skenskenshonesk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on resteLemma/surface 'sken' is mostly the past tense of 'skina' (shone); one occurrence is the noun 'glow, light'.
ininin · adverbmodifies skengenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking takgluggentakgluggenthe roof-holetakglugg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of inresteroseresa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of restesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of resteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlämnadeleftlämna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with restejätteboningenthe giants' dwellingjätteboning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lämnade He walked across the farmyard, out through the gate, and shut it again behind him.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vandradevandradewanderedvandra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceöveracrossöver · prepositionpreposition marking gårdsplanengårdsplanencourtyardgårdsplan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vandradeutoutut · adverbmodifies vandradegenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking grindengrindengategrind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskötshutsköt · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vandradeigenagainigen · adverbdepends on skötdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of skötefterbehindefter · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of skötAt once the giantess stood beside him.
Medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking detsammadetsammathe samedensamma · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejättekvinnangiantessjättekvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodbredvidbesidebredvid · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stod"I see you mean to be on your way, Handfaste," she said. "That was surely your best course, too."
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ämnarduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ämnarämnarintend toämna · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gågågogå · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of serdinyourdu · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of vägvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gåHandfasteHandfasteHandfaste · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with väga legendary champion's name.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to serhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeDetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of rådvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to rådnogsurelynog · adverbmodifies varocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies vardittyourdig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of rådbästabestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies rådrådadviceråd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrase—"If your husband can sleep on such a bed as you made up for me last night," said Handfaste sullenly, "then I don't want to meet him.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sovadinyourdu · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of husbondehusbondehusbandhusbonde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of sovakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sovasovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sadepåonpå · prepositiondepends on sovaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bäddsådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bäddsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
bäddbedbädd · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sovasomassom · pronounoblique complement of harThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of rettrettmade uprett · verb, active, supinerelative clause on bäddåtforåt · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rettilast nighti · prepositionmodifies rettnattnightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase isadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on träffaHandfasteHandfasteHandfaste · proper noun, nominativemodifies butterta legendary champion's name.
buttertsullenlybuttert · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sadevillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of träffajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of träffaintenotinte · particlemodifies träffaträffato meetträffa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of träffaHe must be a man of iron, whom no one can get the better of."
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of manmåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of manvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to manenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of manmanmanman · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseavofav · prepositionpreposition marking järnjärnironjärn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies mansomwhomsom · pronoundirect object of råThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of råkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of råråget the better ofrå · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on järnpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking rå- 46
The giantess stood leaning against the gate.
Jättekvinnanthe giantessJättekvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlutadeleanedluta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of lutademotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking grindengrindengategrind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lutade "Now that you're outside my farm, Handfaste," she said, "I want to tell you that your journey up here to us giants has not been so little to your credit as you yourself seem to believe.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gårdduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gårdnunownu · adverbmodifies gårdärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to gårdutanföroutsideutanför · prepositionpreposition marking gårdminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of gårdpossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
gårdfarmgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on sadeHandfasteHandfasteHandfaste · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with gårda legendary champion's name.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesåsoså · adverbadverbial clause on berättavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of berättajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of berättaberättato tellberätta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sadedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of berättaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of oppdinyourdu · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of färdfärdjourneyfärd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of oppoppupoppa · noun, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of sadeColloquial adverb 'opp' (up), mistagged as a noun.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of oppjättargiantsjätta · verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of berömligjättar is the plural noun 'giants'; mistagged as a verb.
intenotinte · particlemodifies jättarharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of berömligvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to berömligsåsoså · adverbmodifies fögafögahardlyföga · adverbmodifies berömligberömligcreditableberömlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sadesomassom · pronounoblique complement of tycksThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckssjälvyourselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying dutycksseemstyckas · verb, present, indicativecoordinated with sadetrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tycksIt was no wonder that you found the way through our cabin long, for it was the whole expanse of rock called Jämtland that you walked across.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with underligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to underligtintenotinte · particlemodifies underligtunderligtstrangeunderlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fannduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannfannfoundfinna · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on underligtvägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fannlånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fanngenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking stugavårourvi · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of stugaMistagged as a pronoun under lemma vi; vår here is the possessive "our", not the pronoun "we".
stugacottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fannförforför · prepositionmodifies bergvidddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase förvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to bergviddhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies bergvidddenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bergviddbergviddrocky expansebergvidd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with fannsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of passive kallasThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kallasis calledkalla · verb, present, indicative, passiverelative clause on bergviddJämtlandJämtlandJämtland · proper noun, nominativecomplement of kallassomthatsom · pronoundirect object of gickThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on bergviddframforwardfram · adverbdepends on gicköveracrossöver · prepositionmodifies gickNor was it remarkable that you had trouble putting the spigot in the cask, for it was all the water rushing down from the snow-mountains that streamed against you.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies hellerhellereitherheller · adverbmodifies märkvärdigtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to märkvärdigtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of märkvärdigtmärkvärdigtremarkablemärkvärdig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadeduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on märkvärdigtsvårtdifficultsvår · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sättainfinitive marker before a verb.
sättato set/putsätta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hadetappenspigottapp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sättaiini · prepositionpreposition marking tunnantunnanbarreltunna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sättaförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of vattendetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase förvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activepart of the phrase föralltallall · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies vattendetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of vattenvattenwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of märkvärdigtsomthatsom · pronounsubject of forsarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
forsarrushesforsa · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on vattennerdownner · adverbdepends on forsarfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking snöfjällensnöfjällenthe snow mountainssnöfjälle · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of forsarsomthatsom · pronounsubject of strömmadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
strömmadestreamedströmma · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on snöfjällenemotagainstemot · prepositiondepends on strömmadedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of strömmadeAnd when you led the water across our cabin floor, you created the furrows and hollows that are now rivers and lakes.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of leddeduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of leddeleddeledleda · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on skapadevattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of leddeframforwardfram · adverbmodifies leddeöveracrossöver · prepositionpreposition marking stuggolvvårtourvi · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of stuggolvThis is 'vårt' (our, neuter), not the pronoun 'vi' (we); mismatched lemma.
stuggolvcottage floorstuggolv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of leddeskapadecreatedskapa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skapadefårorfurrowsfåror · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of skapadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfördjupningarhollowsfördjupning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with fårorsomthatsom · pronounsubject of älvarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
nunownu · adverbmodifies älvarärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to älvarälvarriversälvar · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularrelative clause on fördjupningarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsjöarlakessjö · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with älvarIt was no small proof of strength you gave when you turned the mill one revolution, for between the stones lay not grain but limestone and slate, and with that single turn you ground so much that the whole expanse of rock has become covered with good, fertile soil.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of provvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to provintenotinte · particlemodifies provnågotanynågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of provlitetlittleliten · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies provprovproofprov · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasepåofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of gavstyrkastrengthstyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase påduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gavgavgavege · verb, past, indicative, activemodifies provLight-verb idioms in the examples: "gav ... till ett klagoskrik" = let out a cry; "gav sig tid" = took the time — not literal "gave" in either case.
närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lågduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kvarnenvredturnedvred · prepositionpreposition marking kvarnenkvarnenmillkvarn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase närettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of varvvarvrevolutionvarv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies kvarnenförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of lågmellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking stenarnastenarnastonessten · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on provdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lågintenotinte · particlemodifies sädeskornsädeskorngrainssädeskor · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of lågutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
kalkstenlimestonekalksten · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskifferslateskiffer · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with kalkstenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking varvetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of varvetendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativemodifies varvetvarvetturnvarv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of maldemaldegroundmalde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of maldesåsoså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycken · adverbmodifies maldeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of betäckthelawhole/allhel · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bergviddenbergviddenrocky expansebergvidd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive betäcktharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of betäcktblivitbecomebli · auxiliary verb, active, supinepassive auxiliary of betäcktbetäcktcoveredbetäcka · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on maldePast participle 'betäckt' (covered), mistagged as base adjective.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking jordgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies jordochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfruktbarfertilefruktbar · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with godjordearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of betäcktThat you could not lie in the bed I had made up for you does not surprise me either, for I had made it up with great, jagged mountain peaks.
Attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of liggaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of liggaintenotinte · particlemodifies liggakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of liggaliggato lieligga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on förvånariini · prepositionpreposition marking bädddenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bäddbäddbedbädd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of liggasomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of rettrettmade upreda · verb, active, supinecoordinated with bäddåtforåt · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rettförvånarsurprisesförvåna · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularsubject of förvånarintenotinte · particlemodifies förvånarhellereitherheller · adverbmodifies förvånarförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of bäddatjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bäddathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bäddatbäddatmade it upbädda · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on förvånardenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of bäddatmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking fjälltopparstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fjälltopparkantigaangularkantig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fjälltopparfjälltopparmountain peaksfjälltopp · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of bäddatThese you have now thrown out over half the country, and perhaps people will not be as grateful for this as for the other things you have done.
Dessathesedenna · pronoun, pluralsubject of kastatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kastatduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kastatnunownu · adverbmodifies kastatkastatthrownkasta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceutoutut · adverbdepends on kastatöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking landethalvahalfhalv · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kastatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies blirattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blirmänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of blirintenotinte · particlemodifies blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tacksammasåasså · adverbmodifies tacksammatacksammagratefultacksam · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with kastatförforför · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of tacksammasomassom · pronoundirect object of gjortThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
förasför · prepositionpreposition marking andradetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of andraandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies somduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjortharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjortgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supinerelative clause on dettaI now bid you farewell, and I promise you that my husband and I will move away from here to a place where you cannot so easily come and call on us."
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bjuderbjuderbidbjuda · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of bjudernunownu · adverbmodifies bjuderfarvälfarewellfarväl · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of bjuderochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lovarlovarpromiseslova · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with bjuderdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lovarattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of flyttajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flyttaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of husbondepossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
husbondehusbandhusbonde · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with jagskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of flyttaflyttamoveflytta · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of lovarhärifrånfrom herehärifrån · adverbmodifies flyttatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ortenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ortortplaceort · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flyttadittheredit · adverbmodifies lättduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lättintenotinte · particlemodifies lättsåsoså · adverbmodifies lättlätteasilylätt · adverbmodifies kommakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on flyttaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhälsacall onhälsa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with kommaBoth given examples are the verb hälsa, not the noun: 'hälsa på i varenda gård' = 'to visit every farm', 'låter nu hälsa dig' = 'sends word/greeting to you'. The tagged noun sense ('health') is not attested in these examples; flagging as context-dependent since the surface is shared between noun and verb.
påcalling onpå · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of komma- 47
The traveler heard all this with growing anger, and when the giantess had finished speaking, he reached for a hammer he carried in his belt.
Alltallall · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevandrarenthe wanderervandrar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördeLemma is truncated; the word is vandrare/vandraren ("wanderer").
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vredeväxandegrowingväxa · adjective, nominativemodifies vredevredeangervrede · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hördeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of talatjättekvinnangiantessjättekvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of talattalattalkedtala · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on greputto the endut · adverbdepends on talatgrepgripped/seizedgrepa · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to hördePast tense (grep) of gripa, an older strong-verb spelling.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of grepefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking hammareenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hammarehammarehammerhammare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of grepsomthatsom · pronoundirect object of barThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of barbarcarriedba · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on hammarePast tense of bära "to carry/wear".
iini · prepositionpreposition marking bältetbältetbeltbält · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of bar But before he had even managed to lift it, the woman had vanished, and where the giants' farm had stood there was nothing to be seen but a gray mountain wall.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hunnithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hunnitännuevenännu · adverbmodifies hunnithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hunnithunnithad timehinna · auxiliary verb, active, supineadverbial clause on lyftalyftato liftlyfta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of lyftavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to lyftakvinnanwomankvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försvunnenförsvunnenvanishedförsvunn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on varPast participle of försvinna ('to vanish'); tagged as noun but functions adjectivally.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärtheredär · adverbmodifies legatjättegårdenthe giants' farmjättegård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of legathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of legatlegatlainlegaa · verb, active, supinecoordinated with varsynteswas to be seensyntes · verb, past, indicativeparallel clause to lyftaingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies syntesannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies syntesänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase annatenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bergvägggrågraygrå · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bergväggbergväggrock wallbergvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of syntesBut what remained was the mighty rivers and lakes he had made room for on the rocky expanse, and the fertile soil he had crumbled into being.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on fannssomthatsom · pronounsubject of fannsThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
fannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
kvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on fannsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to fannsdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of floderSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
mäktigamightymäktig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies floderfloderriversflod · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of varochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsjöarlakessjö · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with flodersomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of gjortThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjorthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjortgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supinerelative clause on floderplatsplaceplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gjortförforför · prepositionpreposition marking bergviddenpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking bergviddenbergviddenrocky expansebergvidd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gjortochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of jordenfruktbarafertilefruktbar · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies jordenjordenearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with bergviddensomthatsom · pronoundirect object of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on jordensöndersmulatcrumbledsöndersmulat · adverbmodifies hadeThere remained too the glorious mountains that give Jämtland its beauty, and that grant to all who visit them strength, health, joy, courage, and zest for life, so that none of Asa-Thor's feats seems more splendid than the one he performed when he flung out the mountain masses, all the way from the Frostviken mountains in the north to Helagsfjället in the south, all the way from the Ovik mountains just beyond Storsjön to the Sylarna at the national border.
Kvarremainingkvar · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasevorowerevoro · pronoun, accusative, pluraldepends on KvarArchaic plural past tense of vara "to be"; mislabeled as pronoun.
ocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies fjällendetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fjällenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
härligasplendidhärlig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fjällenfjällenthe mountainsfjälle · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with Kvarsomthatsom · pronounsubject of geThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
geto givege · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on fjällenJämtlandJämtlandJämtland · proper noun, nominativeindirect object of gedessitsden · pronounpossessor of skönhetch03-p50 example 'sedan dess' means 'since then', not possessive 'its' — pinning the gloss to 'its' teaches a lie for that collocation.
skönhetbeautyskönhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of geochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsomthatsom · pronounsubject of skänkaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
åttoåt · prepositionpreposition marking allaallaallall · pronoun, pluralpart of the phrase somsomwhosom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of demgästavisitgästa · verb, active, infinitivemodifies demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralin apposition to allaskänkato giveskänka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with Kvarstyrkastrengthstyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skänkasundhethealthsundhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with styrkaglädjejoyglädje · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with styrkamodcouragemod · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with styrkalevnadslustzest for lifelevnadslust · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with styrkasåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of synesattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of synesavofav · prepositionpreposition marking bragderAsa-TorsAsa-Thor'sAsa-Tor · proper noun, genitivepossessor of bragderbragderfeatsbragd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies ingensynesseemssynesa · verb, present, indicativecoordinated with Kvarförnämligaremore splendidförnämlig · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcomplement of synesänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularclause modifying Kvarsomthatsom · pronoundirect object of utfördeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of utfördeutfördeperformedutförde · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on dennärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kastadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kastadekastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on denutoutut · adverbdepends on kastadefjällmassornathe mountain massesfjällmassorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of kastadealltallall · adverbmodifies Frostviksfjällenifrånfromifrån · prepositionpreposition marking FrostviksfjällenFrostviksfjällenFrostviken mountainsfrostviksfjäll · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of kastadeiin the northi · prepositionmodifies Frostviksfjällennorrnorthnorr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase itilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking HelagsfjälletHelagsfjälletHelagsfjälletHelagsfjället · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of iiin the southi · prepositionmodifies Frostviksfjällensödersouthsöder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase ialltallall · adverbintroduces the clause of Oviksfjällenifrånfromifrån · prepositionpart of the phrase alltOviksfjällenthe Ovik mountainsOviksfjälle · proper noun, nominativehead of the phrasestraxjuststrax · adverbmodifies Storsjönbortombeyondbortom · prepositionpreposition marking StorsjönStorsjönStorsjönStorsjön · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Oviksfjällenändaall the wayända · adverbmodifies Sylarnatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking SylarnaSylarnaSylarnaSyl · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of Storsjönvidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking riksgränsenriksgränsenthe national borderriksgräns · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Sylarna
The particulars
- The text
- Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige, Selma Lagerlöf. The Wonderful Adventures of Nils.
- Translation
- Public-domain Swedish (Lagerlöf, d. 1940; published 1906–07). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
- Words
- Every word of the text, by letter.
- Data
- JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents