Swedish · The Wonderful Adventures of Nils
Hos lapparna
Among the Lapps
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- 1
The funeral was over.
Begravningenfuneralbegravning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to överöveroveröver · adverbhead of the phrase All of Åsa the goose girl's guests had gone, and she was alone in the little cabin that belonged to her father.
Allaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ÅsaÅsaÅsaÅsa · proper noun, nominativemodifies gästergåsapigasgoose girl'sgåsapiga · adjective, genitive, pluralmodifies gästergästerguestsgäst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of gångnavorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on gångnaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
gångnagonegångna · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ensamvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ensamensamaloneensam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with gångnaiini · prepositionpreposition marking kåkendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kåkenlillalittleliten · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies kåkenkåkenthe shackkåk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ensamsomthatsom · pronounsubject of tillhördeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
tillhördebelongedtillhöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ensamhennesherhon · pronounpossessor of farpossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tillhördeShe had shut the door, so that she could sit quite in peace and think about her brother.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stängthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of stängtstängtshut/closedstäng · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencedörrendoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of stängtförso thatför · prepositionintroduces the clause of sittaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sittahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sittaskullecouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sittafåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of sittasittato sitsitta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stängtalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies frediin peacei · prepositionpreposition marking fredfredpeacefred · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sittaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sittapåaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking brorsinhersig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of brorbrorbrotherbror · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tänkaShe recalled everything little Mats had said and done, one thing after another, and there was so much of it that she never got around to lying down, but sat up the whole evening and a good part of the night.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of påmindepåminderecalledpåmin · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of påmindealltallall · adverbmodifies påmindevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sagtlillelittlelille · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularmodifies MatsMatsMatsMats · proper noun, nominativesubject of sagthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagtsagtsaidsägga · verb, active, supinerelative clause on alltLemma normalized from archaic spelling; modern infinitive is säga.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supinecoordinated with sagtdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of enaenaoneena · adjective, nominativedirect object of påmindeefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking andradetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of andraandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularoblique complement of påmindeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of mycketvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to mycketsåsoså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycken · adverbcoordinated with påmindeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of läggahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of läggaintenotinte · particlemodifies läggakomgot aroundkomma · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of läggaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of läggainfinitive marker before a verb.
läggato lay/putlägga · verb, active, infinitivedepends on mycketsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of läggautanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
sattsatsätta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with påmindeThis form (satt) is actually the past tense of sitta 'to sit', not sätta 'to set'; glossed by its real sense.
uppeup highuppe · adverbdepends on satthelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies kvällenkvälleneveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of delgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies deldelpartdel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with kvällenavofav · prepositionpreposition marking nattennattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies delThe more she thought about her brother, the better she understood how hard it would be to live without him, and at last she laid her head down on the tabletop and wept bitterly.
Jutheju · conjunctionmodifies mermermoremycket · adverbmodifies tänktehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on förstodpåaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking brodernbrodernbrotherbroder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tänktedestothedesto · adverbmodifies bättrebättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies förstodförstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstodhurhowhur · adverbmodifies svårtsvårtdifficultsvår · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularexpletive with blidetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with bliskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of förstodatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of levainfinitive marker before a verb.
levato liveleva · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of bliutanwithoututan · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of levaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies ladesistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase tillladelaidla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with förstod"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ladenerdownner · adverbdepends on ladehuvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of lademotonmot · prepositionpreposition marking bordskivanbordskivanthe tabletopbordskivan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ladeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgrätweptgrät · verb, imperative, activecoordinated with bordskivanbitterligenbitterlybitterligen · adverbmodifies grät"What am I to do, now that I no longer have little Mats?" she sobbed.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of taskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of tatilldotill · prepositiondepends on tanärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of harjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harintenotinte · particlemodifies harmerlongermycket · adverbmodifies harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on talillelittlelille · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularmodifies MatsMatsMatsMats · proper noun, nominativedirect object of harsnyftadesobbedsnyfta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of snyftade- 2
It was already late at night, and Åsa the goose girl had had a wearying day, so it was no wonder that sleep crept over her the moment she lowered her head.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with sentvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to sentredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies sentsentlatesen · adverbhead of the phrasepåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking nattennattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sentochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationÅsaÅsaÅsa · proper noun, nominativedepends on ochgåsapigagoose girlgåsapig · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of haftMistagged as an adjective; gåsapiga is the noun "goose girl" (a herding role), always paired with a name (Åsa gåsapiga).
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinecoordinated with sentenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagtröttsamwearyingtröttsam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies dagdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haftsåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of underligtattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sådetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with underligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to underligtintenotinte · particlemodifies underligtunderligtstrangeunderlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on haftattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of smögsömnensleepsömn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of smögsmögcrept/slippedsmöga · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on underligtPast tense of smyga ('to creep/slip'); lemma mislabeled 'smöga'.
sigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of smögöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of smögbarajustbara · adverbmodifies sänktehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sänktesänkteloweredsänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with smöghuvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sänkte Nor was it any wonder that she dreamed of the one she had just been sitting and thinking about.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies underligthellereitherheller · adverbmodifies underligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to underligtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of underligtunderligtstrangeunderlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of drömdehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of drömdedrömdedreameddrömde · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on underligtomofom · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of drömdesomwhosom · pronoundirect object of sattThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattjustjustjust · adverbmodifies sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on denochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattpåaboutpå · prepositiondepends on sattShe thought that little Mats came, alive as life itself, into the room to her.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komlillelittlelille · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularmodifies MatsMatsMatsMats · proper noun, nominativesubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of tycktelivslevandefully alivelivsleva · adjective, nominativedirect object of komininin · adverbmodifies komiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking rummetrummetroomrumm · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of inOlder double-m spelling of modern rum.
tillto hertill · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies rummet"Now, Åsa, you must go and find out about father," he said.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies gåÅsaÅsaÅsa · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Nuskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtato taketa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gåredafind outreda · adverbdepends on tapart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking farfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to gåhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade— "How am I to do that, when I don't even know where he is?" she seemed to answer.
Hurhowhur · adverbmodifies göraskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of görajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of görakunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of göragöradogöra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of göranärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vetjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetintenotinte · particlemodifies vetenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångevengång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on göravarwasvara · determiner, common gender, singularquantifies vetmistagged as a determiner; the surface 'var' here is the past tense of vara 'to be'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finnsfinnsisfinnas · verb, present, indicativedepends on vettycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of svaradehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svaradesvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of tyckte— "Don't worry about that!" said little Mats briskly and cheerfully, as was his way.
Varwasvar · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of orolig"var" is both the interrogative/relative adverb "where" and the past tense of vara ("was"); the parser conflated the two under one type.
intenotinte · particlemodifies oroligoroligtroubledorolig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasefördenskullfor that reasonfördenskull · adverbmodifies oroligsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencelillelittlelille · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of sadeMatsMatsMats · proper noun, nominativesubject of saderasktbrisklyrask · adverbmodifies sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmuntertcheerfullymuntert · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with rasktch40-p21-s1 and ch45-p2-s6 use it adverbially ("said... cheerfully"); ch41-p9-s1 and ch44-p3-s6 use it predicatively ("were... cheerful").
somassom · pronounsubject of sadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanshishan · pronounpossessor of vanavanawayvana · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase somvarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularmodifies sadethe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
"I'll send you someone who will help you."
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sändaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sändasändato sendsända · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of sändaenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on sändasomwhosom · pronounsubject of hjälpaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
skawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hjälpahjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitivedepends on sändadigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälpa- 3
At the very moment that Åsa the goose girl dreamed that little Mats said this, there came a knock on the door of her chamber.
Iati · prepositionpreposition marking detsammadetsammathe samedensamma · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of drömdesomthatsom · pronounintroduces the clause of ÅsaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ÅsaÅsaÅsa · proper noun, nominativeclause modifying detsammagåsapigagoose girlgåsapig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies drömdeMistagged as an adjective; gåsapiga is the noun "goose girl" (a herding role), always paired with a name (Åsa gåsapiga).
drömdedreameddrömde · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of knackadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sadelillelittlelille · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularmodifies MatsMatsMatsMats · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on drömdedettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sadeknackadeknockedknacka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of knackadepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking dörrendörrendoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of knackadetilloftill · prepositionpreposition marking kammarehennesherhon · pronounpossessor of kammarepossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
kammarechamberkammare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of knackade This was a real knock, and not something she only heard in the dream.
Dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of knackningvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to knackningenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of knackningriktigrealriktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies knackningknackningknockknackning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies någotnågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singularcoordinated with knackningsomthatsom · pronoundirect object of hördeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördebarajustbara · adverbmodifies hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on någotiini · prepositionpreposition marking drömmendrömmenthe dreamdrömm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hördeBut she was so deep in her dream that she could not tell what was real and what was fancy, and as she went to open it, she thought: "Now surely comes the one little Mats promised to send to me."
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies varinnedeep ininne · adverbmodifies varideep ini · prepositionpreposition marking drömsinhersig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of drömdrömdreamdröm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of varattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hållahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hållaintenotinte · particlemodifies hållakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållahållato tellhålla · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of varredafind outreda · adverbdepends on hållapart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of verkligtvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on verkligtsomwhatsom · pronounsubject of verkligtThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to verkligtverkligtrealverklig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on hållaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on inbillningsomwhatsom · pronounsubject of inbillningThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activedeterminer of inbillninginbillningfancyinbillning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with verkligtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gickhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with varförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of öppnaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of öppnainfinitive marker before a verb.
öppnato openöppna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gicktänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkteNunownu · adverbmodifies bestämtkommerwillkomma · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bestämtbestämtsurelybestämma · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of bestämtsomwhosom · pronoundirect object of lovatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
lillelittlelille · verb, past, indicative, passivemodifies MatsMatsMatsMats · proper noun, nominativesubject of lovatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lovatlovatpromisedlovat · verb, active, supinerelative clause on denatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of skickainfinitive marker before a verb.
skickato sendskicka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of lovattillto metill · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skicka- 4
Had it been Sister Hilma or some other real person standing on the threshold when Åsa the goose girl opened the door, the girl would no doubt at once have understood that the dream was over, but now it was not so, for the one who had knocked was a little gnome no taller than the breadth of a hand.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of systerdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with systerhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of systervaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to systersystersistersyster · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on förståttHilmaHilmaHilma · proper noun, nominativedepends on systerelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnågonsomenågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of människaannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies människariktigrealriktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies människamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with systersomwhosom · pronounsubject of ståttThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ståttståttstoodstå · verb, active, supinerelative clause on människapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking tröskelntröskelnthresholdtröskel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ståttnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of öppnadeÅsaÅsaÅsa · proper noun, nominativesubject of gåsapigagåsapigagoose girlgåsapig · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of öppnadeMistagged as an adjective; gåsapiga is the noun "goose girl" (a herding role), always paired with a name (Åsa gåsapiga).
öppnadeopenedöppna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on systerdörrendoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of öppnadeskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förståttflickangirlflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förståttvälno doubtväl · adverbmodifies förståttgenastat oncegenast · adverbpart of the phrase välhahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of förståttförståttunderstoodförstå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slutdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of slutvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to slutslutendslut · noun, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of förståttpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking drömmendrömmenthe dreamdrömm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slutmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies pysslingdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase varintenotinte · particlemodifies såsåsoså · adverbmodifies varutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionpart of the phrase varfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularpart of the phrase varsomwhosom · pronounsubject of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of knackatknackatknockedknacka · verb, active, supinecoordinated with varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to pysslingenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of pysslinglitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies pysslingpysslinggnomepyssling · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with slutA synonym for tomte, the household gnome; sometimes left untranslated as 'pyssling.'
somwhosom · pronounsubject of stortThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies stortvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to stortstortno tallerstor · adverbmodifies högAdverbial use of stor ('big'); e.g. 'inte stort' = 'not much'.
mermoremycket · adverbmodifies enänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase merenaen · determiner, common gender, singularquantifies högtvärhandhand's breadthtvärhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase enhögtallhög · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying pyssling Although it was so late at night, it was as bright as day, and Åsa saw at once that it was the same little fellow she and little Mats had come upon a couple of times while they had wandered through the country.
Fastänalthoughfastän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sentdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sentvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to sentsåsoså · adverbmodifies sentsentlatesen · adverbadverbial clause on ljustpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking nattennattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sentvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ljustdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ljustlikaequallylika · adverbmodifies ljustljustbrightljust · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesomassom · prepositionpreposition marking dagenFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
omasom · prepositionpreposition marking dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ljustochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationÅsaÅsaÅsa · proper noun, nominativesubject of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ljustgenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies sågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of parveldetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of parvelvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to parvelsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of parvelparvellittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of sågsomthatsom · pronounintroduces the clause of honThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlillelittlelille · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularcoordinated with honMatsMatsMats · proper noun, nominativesubject of råkathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkatråkatcome uponråka · verb, active, supinecoordinated with sågettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sågmedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vandratdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of vandrathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vandratvandratwanderedvandra · verb, active, supineclause modifying gångergenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of vandratThen she had been frightened of him, and she would have been frightened now too, had she been fully awake.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivithonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitförofför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of räddochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of blivitskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivithonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivithahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinecoordinated with blivitnunownu · adverbmodifies blivitocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies blivitomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of riktigthonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of riktigthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of riktigtvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to riktigtriktigttrulyriktig · adverbadverbial clause on blivitvakenawakevak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of riktigtAll four examples in this chunk use "vaken" as the adjective (awake), not the noun "vak" (ice-hole); the primary gloss should be "awake" here, though the ice-hole noun sense also occurs elsewhere in the book under this same conflated surface.
But she still believed she was dreaming, and so she stood there calmly.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceförbelievedför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of hadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of drömdehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of drömdeännustillännu · adverbmodifies drömdedrömdewas dreamingdrömde · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärförsodärför · adverbmodifies blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hadehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevlugntcalmlylugnt · adverbcomplement of blevståendestandingstående · adjective, nominativecomplement of blev"I was just expecting it would be the one little Mats said he would send to help me find father," she thought.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väntadeväntadeexpectingvänta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejustjustjust · adverbmodifies väntadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blidetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with bliskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on väntadedeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularcomplement of blidärtheredär · adverbmodifies skickasomwhosom · pronoundirect object of skickaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
lillelittlelille · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularmodifies MatsMatsMatsMats · proper noun, nominativesubject of skickaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skickaskickato sendskicka · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on denförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of hjälpaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hjälpainfinitive marker before a verb.
hjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skickamigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälpaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of finnainfinitive marker before a verb.
finnafindfinna · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of hjälparedafind outreda · adverbdepends on finnapart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påfindpå · prepositionpreposition marking farfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of finnatänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with skickahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkte- 5
And she was not so far wrong in this, for the little fellow had indeed come to speak with her about her father.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of orätthadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of orättintenotinte · particlemodifies orättsåsoså · adverbmodifies orättorättwrongorätt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseiabouti · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of orättförforför · prepositionpreposition marking parvelnparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of orättkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejustjustjust · adverbmodifies komförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of talaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of talainfinitive marker before a verb.
talato speaktala · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kommedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of farhennesherhon · pronounpossessor of farpossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tala When he saw that she was not afraid of him, he told her in a few words both where her father was to be found, and how she should go about reaching him.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of såghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sadepast tense of se, 'to see.'
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blevhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevintenotinte · particlemodifies blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on saderäddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevförofför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of räddsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sademedwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of fåfåfewfå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sadeordwordord · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fåbådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activedeterminer of fadernfadernfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tilltillto be foundtill · prepositionpreposition marking finnandesfinnandesto be foundfinnanda · verb, past, indicative, passiveoblique complement of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhurhowhur · adverbmodifies bärahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bäraskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bärabärato carrybära · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sadesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bäraåtabout itåt · prepositiondepends on bäraförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of kommaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on bäratilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komma- 6
While he spoke, Åsa the goose girl gradually woke to full awareness, and by the time he finished, she was wide awake.
Medanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of taladehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of taladetaladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on vaknadevaknadewoke upvakna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceÅsaÅsaÅsa · proper noun, nominativesubject of vaknadegåsapigagoose girlgåsapig · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of vaknadeMistagged as an adjective; gåsapiga is the noun "goose girl" (a herding role), always paired with a name (Åsa gåsapiga).
sågraduallyså · adverbmodifies vaknadesmåningomgraduallysmåningom · adverbpart of the phrase såUsed in the fixed phrase så småningom 'little by little.'
uppupupp · adverbmodifies vaknadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking medvetandefulltfullfull · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies medvetandemedvetandeconsciousnessmedvetande · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of vaknadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slutadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slutadeslutadestoppedsluta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vaknadevarwasvara · determiner, common gender, singularadverbial clause on vaknademistagged as a determiner; the surface 'var' here is the past tense of vara 'to be'.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on varalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies vakenvakenawakevak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of varAll four examples in this chunk use "vaken" as the adjective (awake), not the noun "vak" (ice-hole); the primary gloss should be "awake" here, though the ice-hole noun sense also occurs elsewhere in the book under this same conflated surface.
And then she grew so frightened, because she was standing there talking with one who did not belong to her world, that she could say neither thanks nor anything else to him, but only ran inside and pulled the door hard shut.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevsåsoså · adverbmodifies förskräcktförskräcktfrightenedförskräcka · verb, active, supinecomplement of blevdärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of stodattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därförhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtaladetalkedtala · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with stodTagged as an adjective but is talade, the past tense of tala, 'to talk'.
medwithmed · prepositiondepends on stodenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularquantifies stodsomwhosom · pronounsubject of hördeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies hördehördeheardhörde · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on entillbelong totill · prepositionpreposition marking världhennesherhon · pronounpossessor of världpossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
världworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hördeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sägahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägaintenotinte · particlemodifies sägakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivedepends on stodvarkenneithervarken · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtackthankstack · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with sägaelleroreller · conjunctionpart of the phrase tackannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase tacktilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sägautanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
barajustbara · adverbmodifies sprangsprangransprangma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blevLemma is corrupted; surfaces are only "sprang" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma.
ininin · adverbdepends on sprangochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdrogdrewdrog · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blevhårthardhård · adverbmodifies drogigenagainigen · adverbdepends on drogdörrendoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of drogShe thought she saw that the little fellow's face took on a very grieved look when she did so, but she could not help it.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tyckteseseese · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fickparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickficktook onfå · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of tyckteettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of uttryckmycketverymycket · adverbmodifies bedrövatbedrövatgrievedbedrövad · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies uttryckuttryckexpressionuttryck · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fickioni · prepositionpreposition marking ansiktesitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of ansiktepossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
ansiktefaceansikte · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ficknärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gjordehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tycktesåsoså · adverbmodifies gjordemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hjälpakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hjälpaintenotinte · particlemodifies hjälpahjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with tycktedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hjälpaShe was quite beside herself with fear, and hurried to creep into bed and pull the covers over her eyes.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencealldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies sigifrånfromifrån · prepositionpart of the phrase alldelessigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of varavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking rädslarädslafearrädsla · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sigochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with varsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of skyndadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of krypainfinitive marker before a verb.
krypato creepkrypa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skyndadeiintoi · prepositiondepends on krypasängbedsäng · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdrapulldra · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with vartäcketthe coverstäck · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of draöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking ögonenögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of dra- 7
But although she was so afraid of the little fellow, she understood that he meant her well, and the next day she hastened to do just as he had advised her.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfastänalthoughfastän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of räddhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räddvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to räddsåsoså · adverbmodifies räddräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseförofför · prepositionpreposition marking parvelnparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of räddförstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with räddhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstodattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of villehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villevillewantedvilja · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on förstodhennesherhon · pronounpossessor of bästapossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
bästabestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativedirect object of villeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skyndadedärpåthen/after thatdärpå · adverbmodifies skyndadeskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with förstodhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skyndadesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of skyndadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of handlainfinitive marker before a verb.
handlato acthandla · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of skyndadejustjustjust · adverbmodifies handlasåasså · adverbmodifies handlasomassom · pronounsubject of råttThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of råttråttadvisedråt · verb, active, supinerelative clause on handlaSupine of 'råda', which means both 'to prevail/reign' and 'to advise'.
henneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of rått - 8
On the western shore of Luossajaure, a small lake lying many miles farther north than Malmberget, there was a little Lapp camp.
Påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking strandenvästrawesternvästr · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies strandenstrandenshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fannsavofav · prepositionpreposition marking LuossajaureLuossajaureLuossajaureLuossajaure · proper noun, nominativemodifies strandenLake name in Lapland.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sjölitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sjösjölakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Luossajauresomthatsom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
låglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activemodifies milmångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies milmilmilesmil · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies nordligareSwedish mil = 10 km; conventionally rendered 'mile(s)' in translation.
nordligarefarther northnordlig · adverbmodifies strandenänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of MalmbergetMalmbergetMalmbergetMalmberget · proper noun, nominativemodifies strandenmining town in Lapland.
fannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of lapplägerlitetlittleliten · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies lapplägerlapplägerLapp camplappläger · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of fanns At the southern end of the lake rose a mighty mass of rock called Kirunavara, which was said to consist of almost nothing but iron ore.
Vidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking restesjönsthe lake'ssjöns · noun, genitive, neuter, singulardepends on restesödrasouthernsödra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sjönsändaendända · adverbmodifies resteresteroseresa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of resteenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bergklumpväldigenormousväldig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bergklumpbergklumpa mass of rockbergklump · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of restesomthatsom · pronounsubject of hetteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hettewas namedhette · verb, past, indicative, activeclause modifying bergklumpKirunavaraKirunavaraKirunavara · proper noun, nominativedirect object of hetteIron-ore mountain at Kiruna.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of passive sadesThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
sadeswas saidsaa · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with restebeståconsistbestå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of sadesavofav · prepositionpreposition marking järnmalmnästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies idelidelnothing butidel · numeral, nominativemodifies järnmalmmistagged as a numeral; it is the adjective/adverb 'idel' meaning 'nothing but, sheer'.
järnmalmiron orejärnmalm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of beståOn the northeastern side lay another mountain, called Luossavara, and that too was a rich iron mountain.
Påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sidannordöstranortheasternnordöstra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sidansidansidesida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of bergannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies bergbergmountainberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of lågsomthatsom · pronounsubject of hetteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hettewas namedhette · proper noun, nominativeclause modifying bergPast tense of heta ("to be called"), not a proper noun.
LuossavaraLuossavaraLuossavara · proper noun, nominativedirect object of hetteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationäventooäven · adverbmodifies järnbergdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of järnbergvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to järnbergettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of järnbergriktrichrik · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies järnbergjärnbergiron mountainjärnberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseUp to these mountains they were building a railway from Gellivare, and near Kirunavara there was being built a railway station, a hotel for travelers, and a great many dwellings for all the workers and engineers who were to live there once the ore mining had properly got under way.
UppupUpp · adverbmodifies bergtillup totill · prepositionpreposition marking bergdessathesedenna · determiner, pluraldeterminer of bergbergmountainsberg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of höllhöllwerehålla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemantheyman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllpåwerepå · prepositionintroduces the clause of byggaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of byggainfinitive marker before a verb.
byggato buildbygga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hölljärnvägrailwayjärnväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of byggafrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking GellivareGellivareGällivareGellivare · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of byggaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationineari · prepositionpreposition marking Kirunavaranärhetenvicinitynärhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iavnearav · prepositionpart of the phrase iKirunavaraKirunavaraKirunavara · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with höllIron-ore mountain at Kiruna.
uppfördeswas being builtuppför · verb, past, indicative, passiveadverbial clause on höllenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of järnvägsstationjärnvägsstationrailway stationjärnvägsstation · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllhotellhotelhotell · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with järnvägsstationförforför · prepositionpreposition marking resanderesandetravelerresande · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hotellochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of massamassaa mass ofmassa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bostäderbostäderdwellingsbostad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with resandeförforför · prepositionpreposition marking arbetareallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of arbetaredetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of arbetareSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
arbetareworkersarbetare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of höllochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationingenjörerengineersingenjör · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with arbetaresomwhosom · pronounsubject of boThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
skullewere toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of boboto livebo · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on arbetare"To dwell/live"; not to be confused with bo, "nest".
härherehär · adverbmodifies bosedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommitmalmbrytningenore miningmalmbrytning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommitvälonceväl · adverbmodifies kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hölliunder wayi · prepositiondepends on kommitgångunder waygång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iIt was quite a little town of bright, pleasant houses that was being raised in a region so far to the north that the small stunted birches covering the ground could not push their leaves out of the buds until after midsummer.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of stadvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to stadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stadhelwholehel · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stadlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stadstadtownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking husgladagladglad · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies husochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtrevligapleasanttrevlig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with gladahushouseshus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies stadsomthatsom · pronounsubject of höllThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
höllwashålla · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on huspåbeingpå · prepositiondepends on höllatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of resasinfinitive marker before a verb.
resasto be raisedresa · verb, passive, infinitiveadverbial clause on hölliini · prepositionpreposition marking traktenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of trakttraktregiontrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of resassomthatsom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
låglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on traktsåsoså · adverbmodifies långtlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies lågmottomot · prepositionmodifies lågnorrnorthnorr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase motattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fådetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of björkarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
småsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies björkarnaförkrymptastuntedförkrympta · verb, passive, supinemodifies björkarnabjörkarnathe birchesbjörkarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fåsomthatsom · pronounsubject of täckteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
täcktecoveredtäcka · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on björkarnamarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of täckteintenotinte · particlemodifies fåkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfåpush outfå · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying traktframforwardfram · adverbdepends on fåbladenleavesblad · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of få'Blad' means both tree leaves and paper sheets/pages.
urout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking knopparnaknopparnathe budsknopparna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies bladenförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies midsommarused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
efterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking midsommarmidsommarmidsummermidsommar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of få- 9
West of the lake the ground lay open and free, and there, as has been said, a couple of Lapp families had pitched their camp.
VästerwestVäster · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraseomofom · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Västerlåglaylåg · verb, past, indicative, activemodifies markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Västerfrifreefri · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying markenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationöppenopenöppen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with friochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärtheredär · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with Västersomassom · pronounsubject of sagtThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
sagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hadeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies familjerfamiljerfamiliesfamilj · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of slagitavofav · prepositionpreposition marking lappfolketlappfolketthe Lapp peoplelappfolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies familjerslagitpitchedslaga · verb, active, supineparallel clause to hadelägercampläger · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of slagit They had come there some month before, And it had not taken them long to get their dwelling in order.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencedittheredit · adverbdepends on kommitföragoför · prepositionpreposition marking månadnågonsomenågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of månadmånadmonthmånad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommitsedanthensedan · adverbdepends on månadOchandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of behövthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of behövtintenotinte · particlemodifies behövtbehövtneededbehövt · verb, active, supinecoordinated with kommitlånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of behövtatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fågetfå · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying tidsintheirsig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of bostadbostaddwellingbostad · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåireadyi · prepositionpreposition marking fåordningin orderordning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iThey had neither blasted nor built with stone to get a good, even foundation, but once they had picked out a dry and pleasant spot near the lake, they had only had to cut away a couple of willow bushes and level a few tussocks to get the site ready.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevarkenneithervarken · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsprängtblastedspräng · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with hadeelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmuratbuilt with stonemura · verb, active, supinecoordinated with sprängtförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of fåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fågetfå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sprängtgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies byggnadsgrundochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjämneven/smoothjämn · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies byggnadsgrundbyggnadsgrundfoundationbyggnadsgrund · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåThe nuns ask for land on which to build in ch37-p18-s2, whereas ch46-p34-s2 refers to a sound, level foundation. 'Building site' does not preserve the second sense.
utanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
sedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of valtdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of valthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of valtvaltchosenvälja · verb, active, supinecoordinated with hadeutoutut · adverbdepends on valtåtforåt · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of valtenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of platstorrdrytorr · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies platsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbehagligpleasantbehaglig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies platsplatsplaceplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of valtnäranearnära · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of valthadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of haftdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of haftbarajustbara · adverbmodifies hafthafthadha · verb, active, supineparallel clause to hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of huggainfinitive marker before a verb.
huggato chophugga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on haftbortawaybort · adverbdepends on huggaettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies videbuskarvidebuskarwillow bushesvidebusk · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of huggaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjämnaeven/leveljämn · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tuvornågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of tuvortuvortussockstuva · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with videbuskarförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of fåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fågetfå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hafttomtplatsenthe building sitetomtplatse · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåireadyi · prepositionmodifies fåordningreadyordning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iNor had they had to timber and hew for long days to raise sturdy walls of wood, nor had they had any trouble with roof-raising and roof-covering, with boarding and window-setting, with doors and locks.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies hellerhellereitherheller · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of timratSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
timrattimberedtimrat · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhuggithewnhuggit · verb, active, supinecoordinated with hadelångalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dagardagardaysdag · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of huggitförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of resaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of resainfinitive marker before a verb.
resato travelresa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on huggitstadigasturdystadig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies väggarväggarwallsvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of resaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking träträwoodträ · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies väggarintenotinte · particlemodifies hafthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of haftdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinecoordinated with hadebekymmerworrybekymmer · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of haftmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking takresningtakresningroof-raisingtakresning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of haftochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtaktäckningroof-coveringtaktäckning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with takresningintenotinte · particlemodifies brädfodringmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking brädfodringbrädfodringboardingbrädfodring · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of haftochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfönsterinsättningwindow fittingfönsterinsättning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with brädfodringintenotinte · particlemodifies dörrarmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking dörrardörrardoorsdörr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of haftochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlåslockslås · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with dörrarThey had only needed to drive the tent poles firmly into the ground and hang the tent cloth over them to have their dwelling as good as ready.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of behövtbarajustbara · adverbmodifies behövtbehövtneededbehövt · particlehead of the phraseslådriveslå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of behövtnerdownner · adverbdepends on slåtältstängernathe tent polestältstäng · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of slåstadigtfirmlystadig · adverbmodifies slåiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking jordenjordenearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhängato hanghänga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with slåuppupupp · adverbdepends on hängatältdukenthe tent clothtältduk · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hängaöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of hängaförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of haatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hainfinitive marker before a verb.
hato haveha · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hängabostadendwellingbostad · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hasåasså · adverbmodifies färdiggottvirtuallygod · adverbpart of the phrase såsomas good assom · conjunctionpart of the phrase såfärdigreadyfärdig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of haNor had they gone to much trouble over furnishing and decorating.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies gjorthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjortdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gjortgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of gjortmycketmuchmycket · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies besvärbesvärtroublebesvär · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gjortmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking inredninginredningfurnishinginredning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gjortochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmöbleringfurnishingmöblering · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with inredningThe main thing was to spread out a little spruce brush and a few hides on the floor, and to hang up the big kettle, in which they used to boil their reindeer meat, on a chain fastened up at the top of the tent poles.
Detaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of viktigasteviktigastemost importantviktig · adjective, nominative, superlativesubject of kokavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to viktigasteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of läggainfinitive marker before a verb.
läggato lay/putlägga · verb, active, infinitivedepends on viktigasteutoutut · adverbdepends on läggalitetlittleliten · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies granrisgranrisspruce branchesgranris · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of läggaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of hudarhudarhideshud · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with granrispåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking golvetgolvetfloorgolv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hudarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hängainfinitive marker before a verb.
hängato hanghänga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with läggauppupupp · adverbdepends on hängadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of grytanstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies grytanweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
grytanpotgryta · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hängadärtheredär · adverbmodifies brukadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of brukadebrukadeusually didbruka · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on grytanBackbone tags this as an adjective, but the surface (brukade) is the past tense of bruka, 'to usually do'.
kokato boilkoka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of renköttpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
renköttreindeer meatrenkött · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kokapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking kedjaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kedjakedjachainkedja · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kokasomthatsom · pronounsubject of passive fästesThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
fästeswas fastenedfästea · verb, present, indicative, passiverelative clause on kedjauppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies fästesiini · prepositionpreposition marking toppentoppentoptopp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fästesavatav · prepositionpreposition marking tältstängernatältstängernathe tent polestältstäng · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies toppen- 10
The settlers on the eastern side of the lake, who worked with the greatest eagerness to get their houses finished before the harsh winter should begin, marveled at the Lapps,
Nybyggarnathe settlersNybyggarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sidanöstraeasternöster · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sidansidansidesida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Nybyggarnaomofom · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Nybyggarnasomwhosom · pronounsubject of arbetadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
arbetadeworkedarbeta · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on sjönmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking iverstörstabiggeststor · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies iverivereagernessiv · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of arbetadeförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of fåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fågetfå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on arbetadesinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of hushushouseshus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of fåfärdigareadyfärdig · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of fåinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of börjadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vinternsträngahardsträng · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies vinternvinternwintervinter · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of börjabörjato beginbörja · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fåförvånadesurprisedförvåna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with börjasigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of förvånadeöveratöver · prepositionpreposition marking lapparnalapparnaLappslapp · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of förvånadePeriod term for the Sami people; preserved as in the historical source text.
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who had roamed about up here in the far north for many, many hundreds of years without thinking that better shelter against cold and storm was needed than thin tent walls.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of strövatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of strövatströvatwanderedströva · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies häruppehäruppeup herehäruppe · adverboblique complement of strövatiini · prepositionpreposition marking nordenhögahighhög · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies nordennordenthe northnord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of strövatiini · prepositionpreposition marking årmångamanymånga · pronoun, pluralmodifies årmångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with mångahundrahundredhundra · numeral, nominativecoordinated with mångaåryearsår · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of strövatutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of tänkaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tänkainfinitive marker before a verb.
tänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on strövatpåthatpå · prepositionpreposition marking tänkaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of behövdesdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with behövdesbehövdeswas neededbehöv · verb, past, indicative, passiveclausal complement of tänkabättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies skyddskyddshelterskydd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of passive behövdesmotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking köldköldcoldköld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of behövdesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstormstormstorm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with köldänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking tältväggartunnathintunn · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tältväggartältväggartent wallstältvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies köld And the Lapps wondered at the settlers, who made themselves so much heavy toil, when it takes no more than owning a few reindeer and a tent to be able to live.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlapparnaLappslapp · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of undradePeriod term for the Sami people; preserved as in the historical source text.
undradewonderedundra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceöveratöver · prepositionpreposition marking nybyggarnanybyggarnathe settlersnybyggarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of undradesomwhosom · pronounsubject of gjordeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
gjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on nybyggarnasigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of gjordesåsoså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies gjordeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåsoså · adverbpreposition marking arbetetungtheavytung · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies arbetearbeteworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with gjordedåwhendå · adverbmodifies fordrasdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fordrasintenotinte · particlemodifies fordrasfordrasit takesfordras · verb, present, indicativerelative clause on arbetemermoremycket · adverbmodifies fordrasänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ägaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ägainfinitive marker before a verb.
ägato ownäga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fordrasnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of renarrenarreindeerren · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of ägaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of tälttälttenttält · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with renarförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of levaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of levainfinitive marker before a verb.
kunnato be able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of levalevato liveleva · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tält- 12
One afternoon in July it rained something terrible up at Luossajaure, and the Lapps, who otherwise were not much indoors during the summer, had, as many of them as there were, crept into one of the tents and sat around the fire drinking coffee.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of eftermiddageftermiddagafternooneftermiddag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of regnadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking julijuliJulyjuli · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies eftermiddagregnaderainedregna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of regnadealldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies förfärligtförfärligtterribleförfärlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies regnadeuppeup highuppe · adverbdepends on regnadevidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking LuossajaureLuossajaureLuossajaureLuossajaure · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of regnadeLake name in Lapland.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlapparnaLappslapp · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with LuossajaurePeriod term for the Sami people; preserved as in the historical source text.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of voroThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
annarsotherwiseannars · adverbmodifies vorointenotinte · particlemodifies vorovorowerevoro · pronoun, accusativerelative clause on lapparnaMistagged as a pronoun; voro is the archaic plural past tense of vara ("to be").
mycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies lapparnainneindoorsinne · adverbmodifies lapparnaunderduringunder · prepositionpreposition marking sommarensommarensummersommar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of innehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on regnadesåasså · adverbmodifies mångamångamanymången · pronoun, pluralcoordinated with regnadesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vorodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of vorovorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on mångaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
krupitcreptkrupi · verb, active, supinecoordinated with regnadeininin · adverbdepends on krupitiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking ettettoneen · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of krupitthis type bundles three distinct functions of the neuter forms det/ett under one entry.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking tältentältenthe tentstält · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies ettochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsuttosatsutto · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with ettOld plural past tense of sitta ('to sit'), mistagged here as a noun.
kringaroundkring · prepositionpreposition marking eldeneldenfireelde · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of krupitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdruckodrankdrucko · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies kaffekaffecoffeekaffe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with elden - 13
While the Lapps were chatting away over their coffee, a boat came rowing from the Kiruna side and put in at the Lapp camp.
Medanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of språkadelapparnathe Lappslapparna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of språkadeAll four examples refer to the Sami people (lapplägret 'the Lapp camp', lapphundarna 'the Lapp dogs'), not to 'patches'; lapp = 'patch' is a false friend here.
språkadechattedspråka · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasesomawaysom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bästbästbestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativeadverbial clause on språkadevidovervid · prepositionpreposition marking kaffekoppenkaffekoppenthe coffee cupkaffekopp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of språkadekomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with språkadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of båtbåtboatbåt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies roenderoenderowingroende · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of komfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking KirunasidanKirunasidanthe Kiruna sideKirunasidan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationladeput inla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kom"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
tillintill · prepositiondepends on ladevidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking lapplägretlapplägretthe Sámi camplapplägr · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ladeThe historical compound uses the now-dated term lapp for Sámi people.
Out of the boat stepped a workman and a girl, who might have been between thirteen and fourteen years old.
Urout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking båtenbåtenboatbåt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stegstegsteppedsteg · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of arbetarearbetareworkersarbetare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of stegochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of flickaflickagirlflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with arbetaresomwhosom · pronounsubject of trettonThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trettonvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to trettonmellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking trettontrettonthirteentretton · numeral, nominativequantifies årochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfjortonfourteenfjorton · numeral, nominativecoordinated with trettonåryearsår · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of gammalgammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of stegThe Lapp dogs rushed at them barking loudly, and one of the Lapps stuck his head out through the tent opening to see what was going on.
Lapphundarnathe Lapp dogsLapphundarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of rusaderusaderushedrusa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceemotatemot · prepositiondepends on rusadedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of rusadeunderwithunder · adverbmodifies högthögthighhög · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies rusadeskallwillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activedepends on rusadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenoneman · pronoun, common gender, singularcoordinated with skallSurfaces are only "en"/"En" used as a counting pronoun ("en av dem" = "one of them"), not the indefinite generic pronoun man/en ("one does X"). Lemma is mistagged as man; it should be en (numeral pronoun "one"). Gloss "one" happens to still be correct.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking lapparnalapparnathe Lappslapparna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies stackAll four examples refer to the Sami people (lapplägret 'the Lapp camp', lapphundarna 'the Lapp dogs'), not to 'patches'; lapp = 'patch' is a false friend here.
stackstuckstack · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies enThis is actually the past tense of the verb stinga 'to stick/poke', mistagged as a noun.
utoutut · adverbdepends on enhuvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of engenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking tältöppningentältöppningenthe tent openingtältöppning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of enförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of seatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on envadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on stodsomwhatsom · pronounsubject of stodThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
stodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of sepågoing onpå · prepositionpreposition marking stodHe was glad when he caught sight of the workman.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fickhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickcaught sight offå · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on blevarbetarenthe workmanarbetar · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of seHe was a good friend of the Lapps, a friendly, talkative man who could speak Lappish, and the Lapp called out to him to crawl into the tent.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of vänvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to vänenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vängodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vänvänfriendvän · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasetilloftill · prepositionpreposition marking lapparnalapparnaLappslapp · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of vänPeriod term for the Sami people; preserved as in the historical source text.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of manvänligfriendlyvänlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies manochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationspråksamtalkativespråksam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with vänligmanmanman · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to vänsomwhosom · pronounsubject of talaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of talatalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on manlapskaLappishlapsk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of talaMistagged as a noun; 'lapska' here is the adjective/language name 'Lappish'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlappenLapplapp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropadePeriod term (now usually replaced by 'Sami') for a member of the Sami people.
ropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vänåttoåt · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ropadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of krypahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of krypaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of krypakrypato creepkrypa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on ropadeininin · adverbdepends on krypaiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking tältettältettenttält · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of krypa"Now here you come as if sent for, Söderberg," he said.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommersomas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of efterskickadefterskickadsent forefterskicka · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of kommerSöderbergSöderbergSöderberg · proper noun, nominativedepends on kommersadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to kommerhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade"The coffee pot is standing over the fire.
Kaffepannanthe coffee potKaffepannan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking eldeneldenfireeld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stårNo one can do anything in this rainy weather.
Ingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of företakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of företaföretato undertakeföreta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesigoneselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of företanågotanythingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of företaiini · prepositionpreposition marking regnvädretregnvädretthe rainy weatherregnvädret · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of företaCome in here and tell us something new!"
KomcomeKom · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Komhitherehit · adverbmodifies Komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationberättato tellberätta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with Komnågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of nyttnyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of berättaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of berätta- 14
The workman crept in among the Lapps, and with much effort and amid much laughter and joking, room was made for him and the girl in the little tent, which was already quite filled with people.
Arbetarenthe workmanArbetaren · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kröpkröpcreptkröpma · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencelemma mistagged as present tense; all examples are the past tense of 'krypa' (to creep).
ininin · adverbdepends on kröptillamongtill · prepositionpreposition marking lapparnalapparnaLappslapp · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kröpPeriod term for the Sami people; preserved as in the historical source text.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking mödamyckenmuchmycken · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies mödamödaeffortmöda · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ,ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationunderamidunder · prepositionmodifies skrattmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies skrattskrattlaughterskratt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with kröpochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskämtjokingskämt · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with skrattgjordesroom was madegöra · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with kröpplatsplaceplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive gjordesförforför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gjordesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationflickangirlflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with honomiini · prepositionpreposition marking tältetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of tältetlillalittleliten · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies tältettältettenttält · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gjordessomwhichsom · pronounsubject of uppfylltThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
redanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies uppfylltförutbeforeförut · adverbmodifies uppfylltvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to uppfylltalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies uppfylltuppfylltfilleduppfylla · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularrelative clause on tältetavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralagent of uppfyllt The man at once began chatting in Lappish with the hosts.
Karlenthe fellowKarlen · proper noun, nominativesubject of börjadeDefinite of 'karl' (man/fellow); mistagged as proper noun.
börjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies börjadepratato talkprata · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadelapskaSámilapsk · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of prataLapsk is a now-dated term; modern Swedish normally uses samisk.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking värdfolketvärdfolkethost householdvärdfolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of prataThe girl, who had come along with him, understood nothing of the conversation, but sat silent and looked in wonder at the pot and the coffee kettle, at fire and smoke, at Lapp men and women, at children and dogs, at walls and floor, at coffee cups and tobacco pipes, at gaily colored clothes and carved tools.
Flickanthe girlflickan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstodsomwhosom · pronounsubject of följtThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of följtföljtfollowedfölja · verb, active, supinerelative clause on Flickanmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of följtförstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of förstodavofav · prepositionpreposition marking samtaletsamtaletconversationsamtal · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of förstodutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
sattsatsätta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with förstodThis form (satt) is actually the past tense of sitta 'to sit', not sätta 'to set'; glossed by its real sense.
tystquiettyst · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattpast tense of se, 'to see.'
förvånadastonishedförvånad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of sågpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking grytagrytapotgryta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkaffekittelcoffee kettlekaffekittel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with grytapåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking eldeldfireeld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationröksmokerök · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with eldpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking lapparlapparLappslapp · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sattPeriod term for the Sami people; preserved as in the historical source text.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlappkvinnorSámi womenlappkvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with lapparThe Swedish source uses the now-dated term lapp for Sámi people.
påatpå · prepositionpreposition marking barnbarnchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies lapparochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhundardogshund · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with barnpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking väggarväggarwallsvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgolvfloorgolv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with väggarpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking kaffekopparkaffekopparcoffee cupskaffekopp · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtobakspiportobacco pipestobakspipa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with kaffekopparpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking kläderbrokigacolorfulbrokig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kläderkläderclotheskläder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationutskurnacarvedutskurn · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies verktygverktygtoolsverktyg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with kläderIt was all new to her.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with nyttvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to nyttalltsammansall of italltsamma · noun, genitive, common gender, singularsubject of nyttnyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nyttNothing was such as she was used to.
Ingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sådantvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to sådantsådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesomassom · pronoundirect object of vanThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vanvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to vanvanused tovan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on sådantvidtovid · prepositionpreposition marking van- 15
But all at once she had to stop looking and had to lower her eyes, because she noticed that everyone in the hut was looking at her.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmedwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of fickensat onceens · adverboblique complement of fickUsed in the fixed idiom med ens 'all at once/suddenly.'
fickhad tofå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ficklovhad tolov · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fickatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of slutainfinitive marker before a verb.
slutastopsluta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fickuppupupp · adverbdepends on slutaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tittainfinitive marker before a verb.
tittato looktitta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on slutaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sänkasänkalowersänka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with tittaA homograph noun sänka ("hollow, dip in the ground") also occurs in the corpus and is unrelated.
ögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of sänkadärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of märkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därförhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märktemärktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sänkaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågoallaallall · pronoun, pluralsubject of sågoiini · prepositionpreposition marking kåtankåtanhutkåta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sågoA Sami tent/hut (kåta).
sågosawsågo · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of märktemistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw).
påatpå · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sågo Söderberg must have said something about her, for now the Lapp men and women took the short pipe out of their mouths and stared in her direction.
SöderbergSöderbergSöderberg · proper noun, nominativesubject of sagtmåttemustmåtte · particlemodifies SöderbergModal particle expressing a confident inference (must have) or, rarely, a wish (may).
hahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of sagtsagtsaidsag · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceLemma is a truncated form of säga; surface sagt is the supine, 'said'.
någotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sagtomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sagtförforför · conjunctionpreposition marking lapparnunownu · adverbmodifies lappartogotooktogo · verb, past, indicative, activemodifies lapparOld plural past tense of taga/ta ('to take').
lapparLappslapp · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of munnenPeriod term for the Sami people; preserved as in the historical source text.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlappkvinnorSámi womenlappkvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with lapparThe Swedish source uses the now-dated term lapp for Sámi people.
denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of pipankortashortkort · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies pipanpipanthe pipepipan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies munnenurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking munnenmunnenmouthmun · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sagtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstirradestaredstirra · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with munnenReally the past tense of the verb stirra ('to stare'), mistagged here as an adjective.
åtinåt · prepositionpreposition marking hållhennesherhon · pronounpossessor of hållpossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
hålldirectionhåll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stirradeThe Lapp sitting next to her patted her on the shoulder, nodded, and said in Swedish: "Good, good."
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of klappadeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking lapparnalapparnaLappslapp · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies DenPeriod term for the Sami people; preserved as in the historical source text.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of sattThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
sattsatsätta · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on DenThis form (satt) is actually the past tense of sitta 'to sit', not sätta 'to set'; glossed by its real sense.
bredvidnearbybredvid · adverbdepends on satthenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sattklappadepattedklappa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of klappadepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking axelnaxelnshoulderaxel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of klappadenickadenoddednicka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with klappadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with nickadepåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking svenskasvenskaSwedishsvensk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nickadeBragoodBra · pronoun, pluralsubject of brabragoodbra · adjective, nominativehead of the phraseA Lapp woman poured out a large cup of coffee, which was handed to her with much difficulty, and a Lapp boy, who might have been about as old as she, crept and wound his way among those sitting there, until he came to her side.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lappkvinnalappkvinnaLapp womanlappkvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slogslogpoured outslog · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceiouti · prepositionpreposition marking koppenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of koppstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies koppkoppcupkopp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kaffekaffecoffeekaffe · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of slogsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of passive räcktesThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
räckteswas handedräckta · verb, past, indicative, passiverelative clause on kaffehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of räcktesmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking besvärmycketmuchmycket · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies besvärbesvärtroublebesvär · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of räcktesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lapp-pojkelapp-pojkeLapp boylapp-pojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with slogsomwhosom · pronounsubject of gammalThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gammalvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to gammalungefärapproximatelyungefär · adverbmodifies likalikaequallylika · adverbmodifies gammalgammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on lapp-pojkesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of honhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on gammalkröpcreptkröp · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with gammalPast tense of krypa despite the 'present' tag.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslingradewoundslingra · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with kröpPast tense of the verb 'slingra' (to wind/wander); mistagged as an adjective.
mellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking sittandedethoseen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of sittandeSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
sittandesittingsitta · adjective, nominativeoblique complement of kröptillsuntiltills · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gammalbredvidnearbybredvid · adverbmodifies komhenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of komAnd there he lay and just looked at her.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärtheredär · adverbmodifies låglåglowlåg · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbarajustbara · adverbmodifies tittadetittadelookedtitta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tittade- 16
The girl understood that Söderberg was telling the Lapps how she had held a great funeral for her brother, little Mats, but she wished he had not talked so much about her, but instead had asked the Lapps whether they knew where her father was.
Flickangirlflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstodförstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of berättadeSöderbergSöderbergSöderberg · proper noun, nominativesubject of berättadeberättadetoldberätta · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of förstodförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking lapparnalapparnathe Lappslapparna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of berättadeAll four examples refer to the Sami people (lapplägret 'the Lapp camp', lapphundarna 'the Lapp dogs'), not to 'patches'; lapp = 'patch' is a false friend here.
hurhowhur · adverbmodifies gjorthonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjorthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjortgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on förstodstorbegravninggrand funeralstorbegravning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gjortefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking brorsinhersig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of brorbrorbrotherbror · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gjortlillelittlelille · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularcoordinated with förstodMatsMatsMats · proper noun, nominativedepends on lillemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of önskatskullewould haveskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of önskathahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of önskatönskatwishedönskaa · verb, active, supinecoordinated with förstodLemma has a typo (önskaa for önska).
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of talathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talatintenotinte · particlemodifies talathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of talattalattalkedtala · verb, active, supineclausal complement of önskatsåsoså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies talatomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talatutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
iinsteadi · prepositionmodifies frågatställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase ifrågataskedfråga · verb, active, supinecoordinated with talatlapparnathe Lappslapparna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of frågatAll four examples refer to the Sami people (lapplägret 'the Lapp camp', lapphundarna 'the Lapp dogs'), not to 'patches'; lapp = 'patch' is a false friend here.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of visstedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on frågatvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to fannshennesherhon · pronounpart of the phrase varpossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativeclausal complement of vissteexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
The gnome had said that he was staying with the Lapps who had pitched camp west of Luossajaure, and she had asked permission to travel up here with a gravel train, for no real trains yet ran on this line, and to search for him.
Pysslingengnomepyssling · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sagtA synonym for tomte, the household gnome; sometimes left untranslated as 'pyssling.'
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagtsagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of uppehöllhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of uppehölluppehöllstayeduppehöll · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sagtsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of uppehöllhoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking lapparnalapparnaLappslapp · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of uppehöllPeriod term for the Sami people; preserved as in the historical source text.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of slagitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slagitslagitpitchedslå · verb, active, supinerelative clause on lapparnalägercampläger · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on slagitvästerwestväster · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of slagitomofom · prepositionpreposition marking LuossajaureLuossajaureLuossajaureLuossajaure · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of västerLake name in Lapland.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of betthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bettbettaskedbeda · verb, active, supinecoordinated with slagitSupine of be "to ask".
omforom · prepositionpreposition marking tillåtelsetillåtelsepermissiontillåtelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bettatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of farainfinitive marker before a verb.
faragofara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bettsome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
hitherehit · adverbmodifies farauppupupp · adverbmodifies faramedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking grustågettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of gruståggruståggravel traingruståg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies faraförforför · prepositionpreposition marking tågnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of tågriktigarealriktig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tågtågtrainståg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of gingogingowentgingo · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on bettPast plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective.
ännuyetännu · adverbmodifies inteintenotinte · particlemodifies gingopåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking banandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bananhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase denbananto clear (a path)bana · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gingoBackbone mistags this as a noun ('path'), but all four examples use 'bana' as the verb infinitive in 'bana sig (en) väg' (to clear/blaze itself a path, i.e. make its way), not the noun 'bana' (track/course).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsökasearchsöka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with bettefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sökaEveryone, both workmen and foremen, had helped her in the best way, and an engineer in Kiruna had sent Söderberg, who could speak Lappish, with her across the lake to ask after her father.
Allaallall · pronoun, pluralsubject of hjälptbådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationarbetareworkersarbetare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Allaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförmänforemenförmän · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with arbetarehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hjälpthjälpthelpedhjälpa · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälptpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättbästabestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hjälptochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ingenjöringenjöran engineeringenjör · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skickatiini · prepositionpreposition marking KirunaKirunaKirunaKiruna · proper noun, nominativemodifies ingenjörTown in Norrbotten.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skickatskickatsentskickat · verb, active, supinecomplement of hjälptSöderbergSöderbergSöderberg · proper noun, nominativedirect object of skickatsomwhosom · pronounsubject of talaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of talatalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on skickatlapskaLappishlapsk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of talaMistagged as a noun; 'lapska' here is the adjective/language name 'Lappish'.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talaöveracrossöver · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of henneförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of frågaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of frågainfinitive marker before a verb.
frågato askfråga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on henneefteraboutefter · prepositionpreposition marking fadernfadernfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of frågaShe had hoped that she would meet him as soon as she arrived here.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hoppatshadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hoppatshoppatshopedhoppas · verb, passive, supinemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of träffahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of träffaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of träffaträffato meetträffa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hoppatshonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of träffasåasså · adverbintroduces the clause of komsnartsoonsnart · adverbpart of the phrase såhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hoppatshitherehit · adverbmodifies komShe had glanced from one face to another inside the tent, but everyone there belonged to the Lapp people.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blickathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blickatblickathad glancedblickat · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking ansiktetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ansiktetenaoneena · adjective, nominativemodifies ansiktetansiktetthe faceansikt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of blickattilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking andradetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of andraandraotherannan · adjective, nominativeoblique complement of blickatinneinsideinne · adverbmodifies blickatiinsidei · prepositionpreposition marking tältettältettenttält · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of innemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationallesammanseveryoneallesammans · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörthörtheardhöra · verb, active, supinecoordinated with blickattillbelonged totill · prepositionpreposition marking lappfolketlappfolketthe Lapp peoplelappfolket · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hörtHer father was not there.
Fadernthe fatherFadern · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
intenotinte · particlemodifies fannsdärtheredär · adverbmodifies fanns- 17
She saw that the Lapps and Söderberg grew ever more serious the longer they talked together, and that the Lapps shook their heads and tapped their foreheads, as if they had been talking about someone who was not quite in his right mind.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blevolapparnathe Lappslappe · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of blevoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationSöderbergSöderbergSöderberg · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with lapparnablevobecameblevo · verb, active, supineclausal complement of såglemma should be bli 'to become'; blevo is the archaic plural past tense (they became).
allteverallt · adverbmodifies allvarligareallvarligaremore seriousallvarlig · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of blevojutheju · adverbmodifies taladelängrelongerlänge · adverbmodifies taladedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of taladetaladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blevosammantogethersamman · adverbdepends on taladeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ruskadelapparnathe Lappslapparna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of ruskadeAll four examples refer to the Sami people (lapplägret 'the Lapp camp', lapphundarna 'the Lapp dogs'), not to 'patches'; lapp = 'patch' is a false friend here.
ruskadeshookruska · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sågpåshookpå · prepositionpreposition marking huvudethuvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ruskadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationknackadeknockedknacka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ruskadesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of knackadepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking pannanpannanforeheadpanna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of knackadesomas ifsom · pronounsubject of talatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of talatdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of talathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of talattalattalkedtala · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on ruskadeomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking någonnågonsomeonenågon · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of talatsomwhosom · pronounsubject of varThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies varvarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularrelative clause on någonthe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
vidinvid · prepositionpreposition marking förståndsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of förståndpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
fullafullfull · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies förståndförståndsenseförstånd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of var Then she grew so anxious that she could no longer bear to sit silent and wait, but asked Söderberg what the Lapps knew about her father.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevsåsoså · adverbmodifies oroligoroligtroubledorolig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of uthärdahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of uthärdaintenotinte · particlemodifies uthärdalängrelongerlänge · adverbmodifies uthärdakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of uthärdauthärdato endureuthärda · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on blevatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sittainfinitive marker before a verb.
sittato sitsitta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on uthärdatystquiettyst · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sittaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationväntato waitvänta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with tystutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
frågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blevSöderbergSöderbergSöderberg · proper noun, nominativedirect object of frågadevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of visstelapparnathe Lappslapparna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vissteAll four examples refer to the Sami people (lapplägret 'the Lapp camp', lapphundarna 'the Lapp dogs'), not to 'patches'; lapp = 'patch' is a false friend here.
vissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activein apposition to frågadeomaboutom · prepositionintroduces the clause of farhennesherhon · pronounpossessor of farpossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of visste- 18
"They say he has gone out fishing," said the workman.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sägersägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåtthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåttharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttgone outgå · verb, active, supineclausal complement of sägerutoutut · adverbdepends on gåttförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of fiskaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fiskainfinitive marker before a verb.
fiskato fishfiska · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gåttsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gåttarbetarenthe workmanarbetar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade "They don't know whether he can come back to the camp tonight, but as soon as the weather turns better, one of them will go and look for him."
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies vetomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of vettillbakabacktillbaka · adverbdepends on kommatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking kåtalagetkåtalagetthe campkåtalag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of tillbakaitonighti · prepositionpreposition marking kvällkvälleveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåasså · adverbintroduces the clause of blirsnartsoonsnart · adverbpart of the phrase sådetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with kommabättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies väderväderweatherväder · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of blirskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåenoneman · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of gåSurfaces are only "en"/"En" used as a counting pronoun ("en av dem" = "one of them"), not the indefinite generic pronoun man/en ("one does X"). Lemma is mistagged as man; it should be en (numeral pronoun "one"). Gloss "one" happens to still be correct.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies engågogå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kommaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsökasearchsöka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gåhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of söka- 19
Then he turned to the Lapps and eagerly went on talking with them.
Därpåthen/thereuponDärpå · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of vändeActually the adverb 'därpå', mistagged as a pronoun.
vändeturnedväna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vändemottomot · prepositionpreposition marking lapparnalapparnaLappslapp · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of vändePeriod term for the Sami people; preserved as in the historical source text.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfortsattecontinuedfortsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vändeivrigteagerivrig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of fortsatteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of talainfinitive marker before a verb.
talato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of vändemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of tala He did not want Åsa to have the chance to ask him any more questions about Jon Assarsson.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villevillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies villeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåÅsaÅsaÅsa · proper noun, nominativesubject of fåskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfåhavefå · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of villetillfällechancetillfälle · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göraaskgöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fåhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of görafleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies frågorfrågorquestionsfråga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of göraomifom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking JonJonJonJon · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of göraAssarssonAssarssonAssarsson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Jon- 20
It was morning, and the weather was fine.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of morgonvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to morgonmorgonmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvackertbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies väderväderweatherväder · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with morgon Ola Serka himself, the foremost among the Lapps, had said that he would go and find Åsa's father, but he was in no hurry about it, and sat crouched down in front of the hut thinking about Jon Assarsson, wondering how he should break to him the news that his daughter had come to seek him out.
OlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativesubject of SerkaSerkaSerkaserka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceActually the surname of Ola Serka, a Lapp character; mistagged as a verb by the parser.
självhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of Serkadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of förnämsteförnämsteforemostförnämste · adjective, nominative, superlativecoordinated with Serkablandamongbland · prepositionpreposition marking lapparnalapparnaLappslapp · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of förnämstePeriod term for the Sami people; preserved as in the historical source text.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagtsagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on Serkaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of sagtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsökasearchsöka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gåredafind outreda · adverbdepends on sökapart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påfindpå · prepositionpreposition marking farÅsasÅsa'sÅsa · proper noun, genitivepossessor of farfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gåsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of gjordeintenotinte · particlemodifies bråttombråttomin a hurrybråttom · verb, active, supinemodifies gjordePredicative idiom 'ha bråttom'; tagged as a verb form but functions as an adjective/adverb phrase, not a separate lexeme.
utanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
sattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with Serkanerhukadcrouched downnerhuka · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on sattframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking kåtankåtanhutkåta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattA Sami tent/hut (kåta).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattpåaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking JonJonJonJon · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of tänkteAssarssonAssarssonAssarsson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Jonochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationundradewonderedundra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with satthurhowhur · adverbmodifies framförahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of framföraskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of framföraframförapass alongframföra · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of undradeused of conveying a greeting or message.
tilltotill · prepositiondepends on framförahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of framförabudskapetmessagebudskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of framföraattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommenhanshishan · pronounpossessor of dotterdotterdaughterdotter · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to kommenkommenarrivedkomm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying budskapetPast participle 'kommen' of 'komma' (to come/arrive), truncated to 'komm' and mistagged as a noun.
förtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of sökaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sökainfinitive marker before a verb.
sökasearchsöka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kommenuppupupp · adverbdepends on sökahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sökaIt was important to do this in such a way that Jon Assarsson would not be alarmed and flee, for he was a strange man who was afraid of encountering children.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gälldegälldewas importantgälla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göradogöra · verb, active, infinitivedepends on gälldedettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of görasåin such a wayså · adverbmodifies göraattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ängsligintenotinte · particlemodifies blevJonJonJon · proper noun, nominativesubject of blevAssarssonAssarssonAssarsson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Jonblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activepassive auxiliary of ängsligängsliganxiousängslig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of gälldeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationflyddefledfly · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ängsligundanawayundan · adverbdepends on flyddeförforför · prepositionpreposition marking manhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of manvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to manenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of manbesynnerligstrangebesynnerlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies manmanmanman · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ängsligsomwhosom · pronounsubject of räddThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to räddräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on manförofför · prepositionintroduces the clause of råkaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of råkainfinitive marker before a verb.
råkaencounterråka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on räddbarnchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of råkaHe used to say that such dark thoughts came over him when he saw them that he could not bear it.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brukadebrukadeused tobruka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of brukadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fickhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickcame overfå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on brukadesåsuchså · adverbmodifies mörkamörkadarkmörk · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tankartankarthoughtstank · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of ficknärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of såghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tankarpast tense of se, 'to see.'
demthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of sågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of uthärdahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of uthärdaintenotinte · particlemodifies uthärdakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of uthärdauthärdato endureuthärda · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of sågdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of uthärda- 21
While Ola Serka was pondering, Åsa the goose girl and Aslak, the young Lapp boy who had stared at her the evening before, sat in front of the tents talking.
Medanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of SerkaOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativesubject of SerkaSerkaSerkaSerka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on lappgossenProper name (Ola Serka), mistagged as a verb.
funderadeponderedfunderad · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of Serkapast tense of fundera ('to ponder'); mistagged as adjective.
suttosatsutto · nouncoordinated with funderadeArchaic plural past tense of 'sitta' (they sat), despite the noun tag.
ÅsaÅsaÅsa · proper noun, nominativecomplement of Serkagåsapigagoose girlgåsapig · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of SerkaMistagged as an adjective; gåsapiga is the noun "goose girl" (a herding role), always paired with a name (Åsa gåsapiga).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationAslakAslakAslak · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with gåsapigadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lappgossenungayoungung · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies lappgossenlappgossenLapp boylappgosse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomwhosom · pronounsubject of stirratThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of stirratstirratstaredstirra · verb, active, supinerelative clause on lappgossenpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stirratförrapreviousförra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies kvällenkvälleneveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stirratpåin front ofpå · prepositionpreposition marking platsenplatsenplaceplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lappgossenframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking tältentältenthe tentstält · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies platsenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationspråkadetalkedspråkad · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with platsen Aslak had been to school and could speak Swedish.
AslakAslakAslak · proper noun, nominativesubject of skolahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skolavaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to skolaiati · prepositionpreposition marking skolaskolaschoolskola · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of talatalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with skolasvenskaSwedishsvensk · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of talaHe told Åsa about the life of the Sami people and assured her that they had it better than anyone else.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of berättadeberättadetoldberätta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceÅsaÅsaÅsa · proper noun, nominativedirect object of berättadeomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking livSamefolketsthe Sami people'sSamefolkets · noun, genitive, neuter, singularpossessor of livlivlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of berättadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförsäkradeassuredförsäkrad · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with berättadehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of försäkradeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on försäkradedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hadebättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies hadeänthanän · prepositionpreposition marking andraallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andraandraothersannan · pronoun, pluraloblique complement of hadeÅsa thought they had it terribly, and said so too.
ÅsaÅsaÅsa · proper noun, nominativesubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tycktedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeförskräckligtdreadfulförskräcklig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsadesaidsaa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hadelemma should be säga 'to say'; sade/sa are its past-tense forms.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sadeocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies sade"You don't know what you're talking about," said Aslak.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies vetvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of talarduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talartalartalkstala · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of vetomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking talarsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vetAslakAslakAslak · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sade"Just stay with us a week, and you'll see that we are the happiest people on the whole earth!"
Stannastaystanna · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencehoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of Stannaenaen · determiner, common gender, singularquantifies veckaveckaweekvecka · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of Stannabarajustbara · adverbmodifies veckaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of seskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sefåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with Stannaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of folkviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of folkärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to folkdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of folklyckligastehappiestlycklig · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies folkfolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralclausal complement of sepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking jordenhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies jordenjordenearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies folk— "If I stayed here a week, I'd surely be choked by all the smoke inside the hut," said Åsa.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stannadejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stannadestannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kvävdhärherehär · adverbmodifies stannadeenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singulardeterminer of veckaveckaweekvecka · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of stannadevorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to kvävdjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kvävdvälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies kvävdkvävdchokedkvävd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking rökenallallall · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rökenrökensmokerök · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kvävdinneinsideinne · adverbmodifies kvävdiinsidei · prepositionpreposition marking kåtankåtanhutkåta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of inneA Sami tent/hut (kåta).
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to kvävdÅsaÅsaÅsa · proper noun, nominativesubject of sade— "Don't say that!" said the Lapp boy.
Sägtellsäg · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseMistagged as a proper noun; it is the imperative of säga (to say/tell).
intenotinte · particlemodifies Sägsåthatså · adverbmodifies Sägsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencelappgossenLapp boylappgosse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade"You know nothing about us.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of vetomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of vetI'm going to tell you something that may make you understand that the longer you stayed among us, the better you would like it here."
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of talatalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceomtellom · prepositionpreposition marking någotnågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of talaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies någotsomthatsom · pronounsubject of kommaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on någotdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of kommaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förståinfinitive marker before a verb.
förståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kommaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dröjdejutheju · adverbmodifies dröjdelängrelongerlänge · adverbmodifies dröjdeduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dröjdedröjdewas long in comingdröj · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on förståIdiomatic: "det dröjde inte länge" = "it was not long before."
iblandamongibland · adverbmodifies dröjdeossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of dröjdedestothedesto · adverbmodifies bättrebättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies trivasskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trivasduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trivastrivasto thrivetrivas · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with dröjdehärherehär · adverbmodifies trivas- 22
Then Aslak began to tell Åsa how it had been in the days when a sickness called the Black Death had passed through the land.
DärpåthenDärpå · adverbsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on berättaAslakAslakAslak · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of berättaberättato tellberätta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceÅsaÅsaÅsa · proper noun, nominativeindirect object of berättahurhowhur · adverbmodifies varitdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supineclausal complement of berättapåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking tidendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of varitdåthendå · adverbintroduces the clause of gåttenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sjukdomsjukdomsicknesssjukdom · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåttsomthatsom · pronounsubject of passive kalladesThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kalladeswas calledkallada · verb, past, indicative, passiverelative clause on sjukdomsvartablacksvart · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dödendödendeathdöd · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kalladesExamples mix the noun (döden) with adjectival uses (död gås); flag if the occurrence is adjectival.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttpassed throughgå · verb, active, supinerelative clause on tidenigenomthroughigenom · prepositiondepends on gåttlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gått He did not know whether it had raged up in the true Sameland, where they now were, but in Jämtland it had swept through so cruelly that among the Sami people living there in the forests and mountains, all had died except one boy of fifteen, and of the Swedes living in the river valleys, none had been left alive except one girl, who was also fifteen years old.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies vissteomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of härjatdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of härjathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of härjathärjatragedhärja · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on lämnatsuppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies härjatiini · prepositionpreposition marking Samelandetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of Samelandetriktigarealriktig · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies SamelandetSamelandetSamelandSameland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of härjatdärtheredär · adverbmodifies befunnodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of befunnonunownu · adverbmodifies befunnobefunnowere (located)befunno · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on SamelandetArchaic plural past tense of befinna sig (they found themselves), not an adjective.
sigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of befunnomenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiini · prepositionpreposition marking JämtlandJämtlandJämtlandJämtland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of farithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of faritdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of faritfarittraveledfara · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on lämnatsframforwardfram · adverbmodifies faritsåsoså · adverbmodifies grymtgrymtcruellygrymt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies faritatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of döttinfinitive marker before a verb.
blandamongbland · prepositionpreposition marking SamefolketSamefolketthe Sami peopleSamefolket · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of döttsomwhosom · pronounsubject of boddeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
boddelivedbodde · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Samefolketdärtheredär · adverbmodifies boddeiini · prepositionpreposition marking skogarskogarforestsskog · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of boddeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfjällmountainfjäll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with skogarhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of döttallaallall · pronoun, pluraldeterminer of döttdöttdieddöt · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on lämnatsSupine of 'dö' (to die); lemma is a spelling artifact for 'dött'.
utomexceptutom · prepositionpreposition marking gosseenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gossegosseboygosse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of döttpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking årfemtonfifteenfemton · numeral, nominativequantifies åråryearsår · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of döttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationavofav · prepositionpreposition marking svenskarnasvenskarnaSwedessvensk · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with döttsomwhosom · pronounsubject of boddeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
boddelivedboda · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on svenskarnaiini · prepositionpreposition marking ådalarnaådalarnathe river valleysådalare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of boddehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lämnatsingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of passive lämnatslämnatsbeen leftlämna · verb, passive, supinecomplement of visstekvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on lämnatsutomexceptutom · prepositionpreposition marking flickaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of flickaflickagirlflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lämnatssomwhosom · pronounsubject of gammalThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies gammalvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gammalfemtonfifteenfemton · numeral, nominativequantifies åråryearsår · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of gammalgammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on flicka- 23
"The boy and the girl had wandered about in the desolate land a whole winter searching for people, and toward spring they had at last met," Aslak went on to tell.
Gossenthe boyGossen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationflickangirlflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Gossenhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vandratvandratwanderedvandra · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on råkatomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies vandratiini · prepositionpreposition marking landetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ödeödedesolateöde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies landetöde is both a neuter noun 'fate' and an unrelated adjective 'deserted/desolate'; some examples use the adjective.
landetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of vandratenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vinterhelwholehel · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vintervinterwintervinter · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of vandratförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of sökaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sökainfinitive marker before a verb.
sökasearchsöka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on vandratefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sökaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationframemottowardframemot · adjective, nominativemodifies vårenAdverb/preposition of approaching time, e.g. 'toward evening'.
vårenspringvår · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sökahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkatdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of råkatäntligenfinallyäntligen · adverbmodifies råkatråkatmetråka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesammantogethersamman · adverbdepends on råkatberättadetoldberätta · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to råkatAslakAslakAslak · proper noun, nominativedirect object of berättadevidarefurthervidare · adverbmodifies Aslak "Then the Swedish girl begged the Lapp boy to go south with her, so that she might come to people of her own kind.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies badbadbeggedbe · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of flickansvenskaSwedishsvensk · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies flickanflickangirlflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lappgossenlappgossenthe Lapp boylappgossen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of badattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of följahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of följaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of följaföljato followfölja · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on badhenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of följamotsouthmot · prepositionpreposition marking södernsödernsouthsöder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of följasåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of kommaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommaskullemightskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on följatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking folkfolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of kommaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking stamsinher ownsig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of stamegenownegen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stamstamkindstam · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies folkShe no longer wanted to stay in Jämtland, where there was nothing but abandoned farms.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stannavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of stannaintenotinte · particlemodifies stannalängrelongerlänge · adverbmodifies stannastannastaystanna · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceiini · prepositionpreposition marking JämtlandJämtlandJämtlandJämtland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of stannadärtheredär · adverbmodifies fannsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsintenotinte · particlemodifies fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativeadverbial clause on stannaexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
annatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies fannsänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ödegårdarödegårdarabandoned farmsödegård · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies fanns'I'll take you wherever you wish,' said the boy, 'but not until winter comes.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of föraskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of föraföratakeföra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of föravartwherevart · adverbintroduces the clause of villduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villvillwantsvilja · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to föragossenboygoss · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeOlder form of 'gosse'.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies vinternförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies vinternused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
tilluntiltill · prepositionpreposition marking vinternvinternwintervinter · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sadeIt is spring now, and my reindeer are heading west up toward the mountains, and you know that we, who belong to the Sami people, must go where our reindeer take us.'
Nunownu · adverbmodifies vårärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to vårdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of vårvårourvi · pronoun, common gender, singularhead of the phraseMistagged as a pronoun under lemma vi; vår here is the possessive "our", not the pronoun "we".
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationminamyjag · pronoun, pluralpossessor of renarThis entry is really the possessive "mina" (plural agreement), mistagged under the lemma jag.
renarreindeerren · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of drardrardrawsdra · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with vårvästerutwestwardvästerut · adverbdepends on draroppåtup towardoppåt · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fjällenAdverb/preposition meaning 'upward toward', mistagged as an adjective.
fjällenmountainsfjälle · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of drarsurface fjällen here is the definite plural of fjäll ('mountain'), meaning 'the mountains'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with vårattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of gåsomwhosom · pronounsubject of hörThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hörhearshöra · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on vitillbelong totill · prepositionpreposition marking SamefolketSamefolketthe Sami peopleSamefolket · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of hörmåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of vetdittheredit · adverbmodifies renarvåraourvi · pronoun, pluralpossessor of renarPossessive form våra of the plural pronoun vi.
renarreindeerrena · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gåförtakeför · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gå- 24
The Swedish girl was the child of rich parents.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of flickansvenskaSwedishsvensk · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies flickanflickangirlflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of barnvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to barnbarnchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralhead of the phraseavofav · prepositionpreposition marking föräldrarrikarichrik · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies föräldrarföräldrarparentsförälder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies barn She was used to living under a roof, sleeping in a bed, and eating at a table.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vanvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to vanvanused tovan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of boinfinitive marker before a verb.
boto livebo · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on van"To dwell/live"; not to be confused with bo, "nest".
underunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking taktakrooftak · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of bosovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with vaniin bedi · prepositiondepends on sovasängbedsäng · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationätaeatäta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sovavidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking bordbordtablebord · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ätaShe had always despised the poor mountain folk, and thought that those who lived under the open sky were very unfortunate.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of föraktathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of föraktatalltidalwaysalltid · adverbmodifies föraktatföraktatdespisedförakta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of fjällfolketfattigapoorfattig · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies fjällfolketfjällfolketthe mountain folkfjällfolket · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of föraktatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with föraktatattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of olyckligadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of olyckligasomwhosom · pronounsubject of boddeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
boddelivedboda · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on deunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking himlendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of himlenöppnaopenöppen · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies himlenhimlenskyhiml · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of boddevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to olyckligamycketverymycket · adverbmodifies olyckligaolyckligaunfortunateolycklig · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on föraktatBut she was afraid to return to her farm, where there was now nothing but the dead.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räddvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to räddräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vändainfinitive marker before a verb.
vändato turnvända · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on räddtillbakabacktillbaka · adverbdepends on vändatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking gårdsinhersig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of gårdgårdfarmgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tillbakadärtheredär · adverbmodifies fannsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsintenotinte · particlemodifies fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativerelative clause on gårdexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
annatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dödadödadeaddöd · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on fanns'Then at least let me travel with you up into the mountains,' she said to the boy, 'so that I need not go about here alone without hearing a human voice!'
Låtletlåta · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of Låtdåthendå · adverbmodifies dragaåtminstoneat leaståtminstone · adverbmodifies dragadragatraveldraga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of LåtArchaic form of 'dra'.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of dragaoppåtupwardoppåt · adverbmodifies fjällenfjällenmountainsfjälle · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of dragasurface fjällen here is the definite plural of fjäll ('mountain'), meaning 'the mountains'.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on dragahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking gossengossenboygoss · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sadeOlder form of 'gosse'.
såsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of slipperattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slipperslipperdoesn't have toslippa · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on draga'Slippa' = be spared from / not have to.
gågogå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of slipperhärherehär · adverbmodifies gåensamaloneensam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gåutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of höraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hörainfinitive marker before a verb.
hörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gåenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of människoröstmänniskorösthuman voicesmänniskoröst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of höraThe boy readily agreed to this, and so the girl came to follow the reindeer on their journey up into the mountains.
Dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sadesadesaidsa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegossenboygoss · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeOlder form of 'gosse'.
gärnareadilygärna · adverbmodifies sadeType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
jayesja · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of sadetilltotill · prepositiondepends on sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsålundathussålunda · adverbmodifies fickfickwas allowed tofå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadeflickangirlflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickföljato followfölja · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fickrenarnathe reindeerrenarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of följapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking färdderastheirde · pronounpossessor of färdpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
färdjourneyfärd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of följaoppåtupwardoppåt · adverbmodifies fjällenfjällenmountainsfjälle · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies färdsurface fjällen here is the definite plural of fjäll ('mountain'), meaning 'the mountains'.
The herd longed for the good mountain pasture and covered long stretches every day.
Hjordenthe herdHjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of längtadelängtadelongedlängta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking fjällbetetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of fjällbetetgodagoodgod · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies fjällbetetfjällbetetthe mountain pasturefjällbet · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of längtadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with längtadevarjeeveryvarje · determiner, singularmodifies gickdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase varjelångalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sträckorsträckorstretchessträcka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of gickThere was no time to pitch a tent.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with tidvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tidingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of resainfinitive marker before a verb.
resato travelresa · verb, active, infinitivedepends on tidoppupopp · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of resaMistagged as a noun; opp is the colloquial spelling of upp, "up".
tälttenttält · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of oppThey had to throw themselves down and sleep on the snow during the moments when the reindeer stopped to graze.
Mantheyman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kastafickhad tofå · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kastakastato throwkasta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesigoneselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kastanerdownner · adverbdepends on kastaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kastapåonpå · prepositiondepends on sovasnönsnowsnö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase pådetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of stunderSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
stundertimesstund · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sovadåwhendå · adverbmodifies stannaderenarnathe reindeerrenarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of stannadestannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on stunderförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of betaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of betainfinitive marker before a verb.
betagrazebeta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stannadeThe animals felt the south wind stirring in their fur; they knew that within a few days it would sweep the snow off the mountain slopes.
Djurenthe animalsDjuren · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of kändekändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesunnanvindenthe south windsunnanvind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of känderistastirrista · proper noun, nominativesubject of kändeiwithini · prepositionpreposition marking pälsderastheirde · pronounpossessor of pälspossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
pälsfur/coatpäls · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kändedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to kändeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fejadenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of fejapåwithinpå · prepositionpreposition marking dagarnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of dagarfåfewfå · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dagardagardaysdag · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of fejaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fejafejato sweep awayfeja · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralclausal complement of visstebortawaybort · adverbdepends on fejasnönsnowsnö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fejafrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking fjällsluttningarnafjällsluttningarnathe mountain slopesfjällsluttningarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies fejaThe girl and the boy had to hurry after them through snow that was beginning to melt, and over cracking ice.
Flickanthe girlFlickan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skyndaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgossenboygosse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Flickanmåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of skyndaskyndato hurryskynda · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of skyndagenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking snösnösnowsnö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skyndasomthatsom · pronounsubject of höllThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
höllwas beginninghålla · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on snöpåbeginning topå · prepositiondepends on höllatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of smältainfinitive marker before a verb.
smältameltsmälta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on höllochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationöveroveröver · prepositionmodifies isarbristandecrackingbrista · adjective, nominativemodifies isarisariceis · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with snöWhen they had climbed so high up the mountains that the conifer forest gave out and the stunted birches took its place, they rested for a few weeks, waiting for the snow to melt on the upper mountain plateaus.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hunnitdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hunnithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hunnithunnitclimbedhinna · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on togsåsoså · adverbmodifies högthögthighhög · adverbmodifies bergenthis type bundles the positive, comparative, and superlative degree forms (högt, högre, högst) under one entry.
oppåtupwardoppåt · adverbmodifies bergenbergenmountainberg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hunnitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of upphördebarrskogenconifer forestbarrskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive upphördeupphördeceasedupphörde · verb, past, indicative, passiveclausal complement of hunnitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of björkarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
förkrymptastuntedförkrympta · verb, passive, supinemodifies björkarnabjörkarnathe birchesbjörkarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on viladevidovervid · prepositiondepends on togviladerestedvila · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of viladeutfullyut · adverbdepends on viladenågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of veckorveckorweeksvecka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of viladeunderwhileunder · prepositionpreposition marking väntanväntanwaitingväntan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of viladepåforpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of smältaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of smältasnönsnowsnö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of smältaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of smältasmältameltsmälta · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying väntanpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking fjällviddernadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fjällviddernaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
övreupperövre · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies fjällviddernafjällviddernathe mountain plateausfjällvidderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of smältaThen they moved up onto these.
Sedanthensedan · adverbmodifies drogdrogpulleddra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of drogoppupoppa · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldepends on drogOpp is a historical spelling of modern upp.
tillontotill · prepositionpreposition marking dessadessathesedenna · pronoun, pluraloblique complement of oppThe girl complained and panted and said many times that she was so tired she must turn back down to the valleys, but she went along all the same, rather than be left alone without a living soul near her.
Flickanthe girlFlickan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of klagadeklagadecomplainedklaga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpustadepantedpustad · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with klagadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with klagademångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of trötthonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tröttvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tröttsåsoså · adverbmodifies trötttrötttiredtrött · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on klagadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vändahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of vändavändato turnvända · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on klagadeombackom · prepositiondepends on vändanerdownner · adverbmodifies vändatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ådalarnaådalarnathe river valleysådalare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of nermenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of följdeföljdefollowedfölja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with klagadeändåall the sameändå · adverbmodifies följdemedwithmed · prepositiondepends on följdehellreratherhellre · adverbmodifies klagadeänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lämnadatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of lämnadinfinitive marker before a verb.
blito becomebli · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivepassive auxiliary of lämnadlämnadleftlämnaa · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on klagadeensamaloneensam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of lämnadutanwithoututan · prepositionpreposition marking människaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of människalevandelivinglevande · adjective, nominativemodifies människamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lämnadineari · prepositionpreposition marking närhetsinhersig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of närhetnärhetvicinitynärhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies människa- 25
When they had come up onto the mountain plateaus, the boy raised a tent for the girl on a lovely green spot sloping down toward a mountain stream.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komnadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of komnavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to komnakomnacomekomn · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on restePlural past participle of komma ("to come").
oppupopp · adverbdepends on komnaColloquial/dialectal spelling of 'upp'.
påontopå · prepositionpreposition marking fjällviddernafjällviddernathe mountain plateausfjällvidderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of oppresteraisedresa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegossenboygoss · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of resteOlder form of 'gosse'.
ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of tälttälttenttält · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of resteåtforåt · prepositionpreposition marking flickanflickangirlflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tältpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking vackerenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vackervackerbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of restegröngreengrön · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies platsplatsplaceplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with vackersomthatsom · pronounsubject of sluttadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
sluttadeslopedslutta · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on vackermottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking fjällbäckenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fjällbäckfjällbäckmountain streamfjällbäck · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of sluttade When evening came, he caught the reindeer cows with a lasso, milked them, and gave her milk to drink.
DåwhenDå · adverbintroduces the clause of varkvälleneveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarcamevara · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fångadeinnecameinne · adverbmodifies varfångadecaughtfånga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fångaderenkornathe reindeer cowsrenkorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of fångademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking kastlinakastlinalassokastlina · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fångademjölkademilkedmjölka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fångadedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of mjölkadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgavgavege · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fångadeLight-verb idioms in the examples: "gav ... till ett klagoskrik" = let out a cry; "gav sig tid" = took the time — not literal "gave" in either case.
henneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularpossessor of mjölkmjölkmilkmjölk · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gavatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of drickainfinitive marker before a verb.
drickadrinkdricka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gavHe sought out dried reindeer meat and reindeer cheese, which his people had stored up there on the heights when they had been there the summer before.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of letadeletadesearchedleta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceframforwardfram · adverbdepends on letadetorkatdriedtorka · verb, active, supinemodifies renköttrenköttreindeer meatrenkött · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of letadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrenostreindeer cheeserenost · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with renköttsomwhichsom · pronoundirect object of gömtThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanshishan · pronounpossessor of folkfolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of gömthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gömtgömthiddengömt · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on letadedäroppeup theredäroppe · adverbdirect object of gömtpåon the heightspå · prepositionpreposition marking höjdenhöjdenheighthöjd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gömtnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sommarendetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sommarenhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sommarenvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supinecopula linking to sommarendärtheredär · adverbmodifies varitförrapreviousförra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sommarensommarensummersommar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on letadeThe girl complained constantly and was never satisfied.
Flickangirlflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of klagadeklagadecomplainedklaga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencealltjämtstillalltjämt · adverbmodifies klagadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to nöjdaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies nöjdnöjdpleasednöjd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with klagadeShe wanted neither to eat dried reindeer meat nor reindeer cheese, nor to drink reindeer milk.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ätavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ätavarkenneithervarken · conjunctionlinks the coordinationätaeatäta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencetorkatdriedtorka · verb, active, supinemodifies renköttrenköttreindeer meatrenköda · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of ätaelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrenostreindeer cheeserenost · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with renköttelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdrickadrinkdricka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with renköttrenmjölkreindeer milkrenmjölk · adverbcoordinated with renköttShe could not accustom herself to sitting crouched under the tent, or to lying on the ground with only a reindeer hide and a little brush for a bed.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vänjakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vänjaintenotinte · particlemodifies vänjavänjaaccustomvänja · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vänjavidtovid · prepositionintroduces the clause of sittaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sittainfinitive marker before a verb.
sittato sitsitta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on vänjanerhukadcrouched downnerhuka · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on sittaunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking tältettältettenttält · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sittaelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of liggainfinitive marker before a verb.
liggato lieligga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sittapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of liggamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking renhudbarajustbara · adverbmodifies renhudenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of renhudrenhudreindeer hiderenhud · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies markenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlitetlittleliten · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies risrisbrushwoodris · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with renhudtillfortill · prepositionpreposition marking bäddbäddbedbädd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies risBut the mountain folk's son laughed at her whining and went on being good to her.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfjällfolketsthe mountain folk'sfjällfolk · noun, genitive, neuter, singularpossessor of sonsonsonson · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skrattadeskrattadelaughedskratta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceåtatåt · prepositionpreposition marking jämmerhennesherhon · pronounpossessor of jämmerpossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
jämmerwhiningjämmer · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of skrattadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfortforwent onfortfor · adverbcoordinated with jämmerMistagged as adverb; this is the past tense of the verb 'fortfara', meaning 'continued/went on'.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of godinfinitive marker before a verb.
varabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to godgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on skrattademottomot · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of god- 26
After a few days the girl came to the boy while he was milking the reindeer cows, and asked to help him.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of dagardagardaysdag · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceflickangirlflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komframforwardfram · adverbdepends on komtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking gossengossenboygoss · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komOlder form of 'gosse'.
närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of mjölkadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of mjölkademjölkadewas/were milkingmjölka · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on komThe surface mjölkade is a past-tense verb, despite the adjective label.
renkornathe reindeer cowsrenkorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of mjölkadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbadaskedbe · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with mjölkadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hjälpainfinitive marker before a verb.
fåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of hjälpahjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of badhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälpa She also took it upon herself to make a fire under the kettle where the reindeer meat was to be cooked, to fetch water, and to make cheese.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of företogföretogtook it upon herselfföreta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of företogocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies göraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göramakegöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on företogopplight a fireoppa · verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominativedepends on göraOpp is a historical spelling of modern upp.
eldfireeld · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of göraunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking grytangrytanpotgryta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of göradärtheredär · adverbmodifies kokasrenköttetthe reindeer meatrenkötte · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive kokasskullewas toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kokaskokasbe cookedkoka · verb, passive, infinitiverelative clause on grytanatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bärainfinitive marker before a verb.
bärato carrybära · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of kokasvattenwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of bäraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase ochystamake cheeseysta · adjective, nominative, superlativecoordinated with kokasThey had a good time now.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies hadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeThe weather was warm, and it was easy to get food.
Vädretthe weathervädret · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of varmtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to varmtvarmtwarmvarm · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lättvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to lättlätteasylätt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with varmtch01-p14 'ett lätt buller' renders as 'a faint noise' in the translation, a distinct sense from weight/air-lightness or ease.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fågetfå · verb, active, infinitivedepends on lättmatfoodmat · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåThey went together to set snares for the birds, fished for trout in the rapids, and gathered cloudberries on the marsh.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetillsammanstogethertillsammans · adverbmodifies gickatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sättainfinitive marker before a verb.
sättato set/putsätta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gicksnarorsnaressnara · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sättaförforför · prepositionpreposition marking fåglarnafåglarnabirdsfågl · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sättametadefishedmeta · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies laxöringlaxöringtroutlaxöring · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gickiini · prepositionpreposition marking forsenforsenthe rapidsforse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies laxöringochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationplockadepickedplocka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickhjortroncloudberrieshjortron · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of plockadepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking myrenmyrenthe bogmyre · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of plockade- 27
When summer was over, they moved so far down the mountains that they reached the line between conifer forest and deciduous woods, and there they made camp anew.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slutsommarensummersommar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slutvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to slutslutoverslut · adjective, nominativeadverbial clause on flyttadeflyttademovedflytta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of flyttadesåsoså · adverbmodifies neråtlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies neråtneråtdownwardneråt · adverbmodifies fjällenfjällenmountainsfjälle · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of flyttadesurface fjällen here is the definite plural of fjäll ('mountain'), meaning 'the mountains'.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of nåddedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of nåddenåddereachednådde · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on flyttadegränsenbordergräns · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of nåddemellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking barrskogbarrskogconifer forestbarrskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nåddeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlövskogdeciduous forestlövskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with barrskogochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärtheredär · adverbmodifies slogslogmade campsla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with nåddeLemma is a variant spelling of 'slå'; the particle verb's sense shifts with context.
detheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of lägersurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
lägercampläger · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of slogpåagainpå · prepositionpreposition marking nyttnyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of slog It was now slaughtering time, and they had hard work every day, but it was also a good time, with an even better supply of food than in summer.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with slaktetidvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to slaktetidnunownu · adverbmodifies slaktetidslaktetidslaughtering timeslaktetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with slaktetidsträngthardsträng · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies arbetearbeteworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of dagardagardaysdag · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tidvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tidocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies tidenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tillgångmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking tillgångännuevenännu · adverbmodifies bättrebättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies tillgångtillgångsupplytillgång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with slaktetidpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking matmatfoodmat · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tillgångänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sommarenominom · prepositionpreposition marking sommarensommarensummersommar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying matWhen the snow came and the ice began to form over the lakes, they moved farther east down into the dense spruce forest.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komsnönsnowsnö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on drogochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationisarnathe iceisarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with komläggato lay/putlägga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of läggaöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking sjöarnasjöarnathe lakessjöarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of läggadrogpulleddra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of droglängrefartherlänge · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies drogösteruteastwardösterut · adverbmodifies drognerdownner · adverbdepends on drogiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking granskogendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of granskogentätadensetät · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies granskogengranskogenspruce forestgranskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of drogAs soon as they had gotten the tent up, they set to work on the winter tasks.
Såasså · adverbmodifies fåttsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies Sådetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttfåttgottenfå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on togtältettenttält · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of fåttrestput uprest · adverbmodifies fåttdespite the tag 'adverb', these are past-participle uses of resa (to travel / to raise).
togtookta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of togtilltotill · prepositiondepends on togmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vintersysslornavintersysslornathe winter tasksvintersyssla · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of togThe boy taught the girl to twist thread from reindeer sinews, to prepare hides, to sew clothes and shoes from skins, to make combs and tools from reindeer horn, to run on skis and travel behind reindeer in a sledge.
Gossenthe boyGossen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lärdelärdetaughtlärde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceflickangirlflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lärdeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of snoinfinitive marker before a verb.
snotwistsno · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying flickantrådthreadtråd · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of snoavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking rensenorrensenorreindeer sinewsrensena · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of snoatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of beredainfinitive marker before a verb.
beredapreparebereda · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying rensenorhudarhideshud · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of beredaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of syinfinitive marker before a verb.
syto sewsy · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on snokläderclotheskläder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of syochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskorshoessko · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with kläderavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking skinnskinnskinskinn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies skoratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göramakegöra · verb, active, infinitivein apposition to snokammarcombskamme · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of göraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationverktygtoolsverktyg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with kammaravfromav · prepositionpreposition marking renhornrenhornreindeer hornrenhorn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies verktygatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of löpainfinitive marker before a verb.
löparunlöpa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on snopåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking skidorskidorskisskida · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of löpaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfärdastravelsfärda · verb, present, indicative, passivecoordinated with löpadeponent verb färdas, passive in form but active in meaning.
efterbehindefter · prepositionmodifies färdasrencleanren · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase efteriini · prepositionmodifies färdasackjaa reindeer sledgeackja · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iWhen they had lived through the dark part of winter and the sun shone almost the whole day, the boy said to
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sadelevatlivedlevat · verb, active, infinitivedirect object of hadeigenomthroughigenom · prepositionpreposition marking levatdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of delenmörkadarkmörk · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies delendelenpartdel · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking vinternvinternwintervinter · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies delenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsolensunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with vinternskenshonesk · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeLemma/surface 'sken' is mostly the past tense of 'skina' (shone); one occurrence is the noun 'glow, light'.
nästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies helahelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegossenboygoss · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeOlder form of 'gosse'.
tilltotill · prepositiondepends on sade- 28
the girl that now he could take her south, so that she might find people of her own kind.
flickangirlflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of följanunownu · adverbmodifies följakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of följahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of följaföljato followfölja · verb, active, infinitivedepends on flickanhenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of följasöderutsouthwardsöderut · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on följaThis is the adverb söderut, mistagged as a noun.
förso thatför · prepositionintroduces the clause of finnaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase förhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finnamåttemustmåtte · adverbmodifies finnaModal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means "must"; the perfect sense ("must have") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain "must."
finnafindfinna · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencefolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of finnaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking stamsinhersig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of stamstamkindstam · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies folk But then the girl looked at him in astonishment.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
flickangirlflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågförvånadastonishedförvånad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of sågpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of såg'Why do you want to send me away?' she said.
Varförwhyvarför · adverbmodifies skickavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of skickaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skickaskickato sendskicka · verb, active, infinitivedepends on ’bortawaybort · adverbdepends on skickamigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of skickasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade'Do you long to be alone with your reindeer?'
LängtarlongLängtar · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Längtaratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ensaminfinitive marker before a verb.
fåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of ensamvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to ensamensamaloneensam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying Längtarmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking renardinayourdu · pronoun, pluralpossessor of renarThis entry is really the possessive "dina" (plural agreement), mistagged under the lemma du.
renarreindeerrena · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of ensam— 'I thought it was you who longed for it,' said the boy.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of troddetroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dudetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of duvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to duduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesomwhosom · pronounsubject of längtadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
längtadelongedlängta · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on dusadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to troddegossenboygoss · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeOlder form of 'gosse'.
— 'I have now lived the life of the Sami people for nearly a year,' said the girl.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of levatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of levatnunownu · adverbmodifies levatlevatlivedlevat · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on —Mistagged as a noun; this is the supine of the verb 'leva' ('to live').
Samefolketsthe Sami people'sSamefolkets · proper noun, genitivepossessor of livlivlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of levatifori · prepositionpreposition marking årnäranearlynära · adverbmodifies ettType lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära.
ettaen · numeral, nominative, neuter, singularquantifies åråryearår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of levatsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to levatflickangirlflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade'I cannot go back to my own people and live in cramped dwellings, now that I have for so long wandered free on the mountain and in the forest.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies vändakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of vändajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändavändato turnvända · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencetillbakabacktillbaka · adverbdepends on vändatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking folkmittmyjag · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of folkThis entry is really the possessive "mitt" (neuter agreement), mistagged under the lemma jag.
folkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of tillbakaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlevato liveleva · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with vändaiini · prepositionpreposition marking bostädertrånganarrowtrång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bostäderbostäderdwellingsbostad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of levasedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vandratjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vandratsåsoså · adverbmodifies längelängelonglänge · adverbmodifies vandratharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of vandratvandratwanderedvandra · verb, active, supinecoordinated with vändafrifreefri · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of vandratpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking fjälletfjälletmountainfjäll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of vandratochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiini · prepositionpreposition marking skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with fjälletDo not drive me away, but let me stay here!
Jagadrive awayJaga · verb, imperative, activesubject of låtintenotinte · particlemodifies Jagabortawaybort · adverbdepends on Jagamigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of Jagautanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
låtletlåta · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of låtstannastaystanna · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låthärherehär · adverbmodifies stannaYour way of living is better than ours.'
ErtyourErt · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of bättreatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of levainfinitive marker before a verb.
levato liveleva · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying sättärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to bättrebättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativehead of the phraseänthanän · prepositionpreposition marking vårtvårtourvi · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of bättreThis is 'vårt' (our, neuter), not the pronoun 'vi' (we); mismatched lemma.
- 29
The girl stayed with the boy her whole life and never longed to go back to the valleys.
Flickangirlflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stannadestannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking gossengossenboygoss · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stannadeOlder form of 'gosse'.
helawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies livetlivetlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stannadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlängtadelongedlängta · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with stannadealdrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies längtadetillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies längtadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ådalarnaådalarnathe river valleysådalare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of tillbaka And if you, Åsa, stayed here just one month, you would never again be able to part from us."
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stannadeduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stannadeÅsaÅsaÅsa · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with dustannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on skiljahärherehär · adverbmodifies stannadebarajustbara · adverbmodifies stannadeenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singulardeterminer of månadmånadmonthmånad · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of stannadeskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skiljaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skiljaaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies skiljameragainmycket · adverbmodifies skiljakunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of skiljaskiljapart fromskilja · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of skiljaifrånfromifrån · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of skilja- 30
With these words Aslak the Lapp boy finished his story, and at that same moment his father, Ola Serka, took the pipe from his mouth and rose.
Medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ordendetheseen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ordenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
ordenthe wordsord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slutadeSurface orden is the definite plural of ord, despite the singular tag.
slutadestoppedsluta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceAslakAslakAslak · proper noun, genitivemodifies lappgosselappgosseLapp boylappgosse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slutadesinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of historiahistoriastoryhistoria · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of slutadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiati · prepositionpreposition marking detsammadetsammathe samedensamma · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with slutadehanshishan · pronounpossessor of farfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of togOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativesubject of togSerkaSerkaSerka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of togProper name (Ola Serka), mistagged as a verb.
pipanthe pipepipan · adverbmodifies munnenPipan is the definite noun 'the pipe,' despite the adverb label.
urout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking munnenmunnenmouthmun · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of togochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationresteroseresa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with togsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of reste Old Ola understood more Swedish than he cared to let anyone know, and he had grasped his son's words.
GamleoldGamle · proper noun, nominativemodifies OlaOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativesubject of förstodförstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemeramoremycket · adverbmodifies svenskasvenskaSwedishsvensk · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of förstodänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of låtahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låtagärnacared togärna · adverbmodifies låtaType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
villewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of låtalåtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on förstodnågonanyonenågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vetavetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitivedirect object of låtaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of uppfattathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of uppfattatuppfattatunderstooduppfatta · verb, active, supinecoordinated with förstodsonenshis son'sson · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of ordordwordord · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of uppfattatAnd while he had been listening, it had suddenly become clear to him how he should go about telling Jon Assarsson that his daughter had come to seek him.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lyssnathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lyssnathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lyssnatlyssnatlistenedlyssna · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåtthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåttplötsligensuddenlyplötsligen · adverbmodifies fåttfåttbecome clearfå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceklartclearklar · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of fåttförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of fåtthurhowhur · adverbmodifies bärahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bäraskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bärabärato carrybära · verb, active, infinitivedepends on fåttsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bäraåtabout itåt · prepositiondepends on bäraförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of talaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of talainfinitive marker before a verb.
talato speaktala · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on bäraomtellom · prepositionpreposition marking talaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking JonJonJonJon · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of talaAssarssonAssarssonAssarsson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Jonattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommendotterndaughterdotter · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to kommenkommenarrivedkomm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying JonPast participle 'kommen' of 'komma' (to come/arrive), truncated to 'komm' and mistagged as a noun.
förtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of sökaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sökainfinitive marker before a verb.
sökasearchsöka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kommenhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of söka- 31
Ola Serka went down to Luossajaure and followed the shore a way, until he came upon a man sitting on a stone and fishing.
OlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativesubject of SerkaSerkaSerkaSerka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceProper name (Ola Serka), mistagged as a verb.
gickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecomplement of Serkanerdownner · adverbdepends on gicktilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking LuossajaureLuossajaureLuossajaureLuossajaure · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of gickLake name in Lapland.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationföljdefollowedföljde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with Serkastrandenshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of följdeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of styckestyckepiecestycke · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of följdetillsuntiltills · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stöttehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stöttestöttestruckstötte · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on följdepåuponpå · prepositionpreposition marking manenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of manmanmanman · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stöttesomwhosom · pronounsubject of sattThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
sattsatsätta · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on manThis form (satt) is actually the past tense of sitta 'to sit', not sätta 'to set'; glossed by its real sense.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking stenenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stenstenstonesten · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmetadewas fishingmeta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with satt The fisherman had graying hair and a stooped bearing.
Metarenfishermanmetar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of grånatThe studio translation consistently renders metaren as "the fisherman," not "angler."
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of grånatgrånatturned graygrånad · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencehårhairhår · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of grånatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationböjdbentböjd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hårhållningbearinghållning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of grånatHis eyes looked weary, and there was something slack and helpless about him.
Ögonenthe eyesÖgonen · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of blickadeblickadelooked/gazedblicka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetröttatiredtrött · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies blickadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of slapptvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to slapptnågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of slapptslapptslackslappd · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with blickadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhjälplösthelplesshjälplös · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with slapptöveraboutöver · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hjälplöstHe looked like one who had tried to carry something that had been too heavy for him, or to work out something that had been too hard for him, and had been broken and disheartened by his failure to succeed.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
utlookut · adverbdepends on sågsomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of enenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sågsomwhosom · pronounsubject of bäraThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bäraförsökttriedförsöka · verb, active, supineauxiliary of bärabärato carrybära · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on ennågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of bärasomthatsom · pronounsubject of varitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supinedepends on enhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of varitförtooför · prepositionpreposition marking tungttungtheavytung · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies varitelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfunderathink/figure outfundera · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with varitutoutut · adverbdepends on funderanågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of funderasomthatsom · pronounsubject of varitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supinerelative clause on någothonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of varitförtooför · prepositionpreposition marking svårtsvårtdifficultsvår · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies varitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinecoordinated with enbrutenbrokenbrut · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitpredicate adjective use of the past participle of bryta, tagged as a noun type.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmissmodigdownheartedmissmodig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with brutenavbyav · prepositionintroduces the clause of lyckatsattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lyckatshanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lyckatsintenotinte · particlemodifies lyckatsharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lyckatslyckatssucceededlycka · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on blivitImpersonal 'lyckats' from 'lyckas' (to succeed); lemma should be 'lyckas'.
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"You must be having good luck fishing, Jon, since you've been sitting here angling all night?" said the mountain man in Lappish, as he came walking up.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevälmustväl · adverbmodifies hargodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fiskelyckafiskelyckafishing luckfiskelycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of harJonJonJon · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with fiskelyckaeftersomsinceeftersom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of suttitduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of suttitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of suttitsuttitsatsutta · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on harArchaic spelling of suttit, the supine of sitta ("to sit").
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmetatbeen fishingmeta · verb, active, supinecoordinated with suttithelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies nattennattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of suttitsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencefjällmannenthe mountain manfjällmann · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadepåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking lapskalapskaLappishlapsk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sadeMistagged as a noun; 'lapska' here is the adjective/language name 'Lappish'.
närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sadegåendewalkinggå · adjective, nominativedirect object of komPresent participle gående used adjectivally/adverbially.
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The other man started and looked up.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andreandreotherandre · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of sprattsprattgave a startspratt · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetillsuddenlytill · prepositiondepends on sprattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sprattpast tense of se, 'to see.'
uppupupp · adverbdepends on såg The bait on his hook was gone, and not a single fish lay beside him on the shore.
Betetthe baitBet · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of varpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking krokhanshishan · pronounpossessor of krokkrokhookkrok · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Betetvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebortagoneborta · adverbmodifies varochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fiskendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativemodifies fiskfiskfishfisk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with varmistagged as adjective; the surface 'låg' here is the past tense of ligga 'to lie', not the unrelated adjective låg 'low'.
bredvidbesidebredvid · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lågpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking strandenstrandenshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågHe hurried to put on new bait and cast out the hook again.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skyndadeskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of skyndadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sättainfinitive marker before a verb.
sättato set/putsätta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skyndadepåput onpå · prepositionpreposition marking betenyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies betebetegrazingbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sättaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkastato throwkasta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sättautoutut · adverbdepends on kastakrokenhookkrok · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kastaMeanwhile the mountain man sat himself down in the grass beside him.
Undermeanwhileunder · prepositionpreposition marking tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slogslogsat downslå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of slogfjällmannenthe mountain manfjällmann · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slognerdownner · adverbmodifies slogiini · prepositionpreposition marking gräsetgräsetgrassgräs · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of nerbredvidbesidebredvid · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slog- 34
"There's something I wanted to talk to you about," said Ola.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with någotärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to någotnågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronoundirect object of talaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of talatalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivedepends on någotmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talaomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking digsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to någotOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativesubject of sade "You know I had a daughter who died last year, and we have always missed her in the hut."
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of vetenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dotterdotterdaughterdotter · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadesomwhosom · pronounsubject of dogThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
dogdieddog · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on dotterilast yeari · prepositionmodifies dogfjollast yearfjol · nounpart of the phrase iFixed idiom 'i fjol' = 'last year'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on saknatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of saknatviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of saknatalltidalwaysalltid · adverbmodifies saknatsaknatmissedsakna · verb, active, supinecoordinated with hadeinneininne · adverbmodifies saknatiinsidei · prepositionpreposition marking kåtankåtanhutkåta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of saknatA Sami tent/hut (kåta).
— "Yes, I know," said the fisherman shortly, and a shadow passed over his face, as if he had not liked being reminded of a dead child.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on vetjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemetarenfishermanmetar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeThe studio translation consistently renders metaren as "the fisherman," not "angler."
kortshortlykort · adverbmodifies sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of skyforpassedfor · prepositionpreposition marking skyPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skyskycloudsky · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sadeöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking ansiktehanshishan · pronounpossessor of ansikteansiktefaceansikte · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of skysomas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of tycktomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tyckthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktintenotinte · particlemodifies tyckthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tyckttycktlikedtyck · verb, active, supinerelative clause on skySupine of 'tycka'; sense splits between 'liked' (tyckt om) and 'thought/seemed' (tyckt sig se).
omas ifom · prepositionintroduces the clause of bliatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bliinfinitive marker before a verb.
blito becomebli · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tycktpåmindremindedpåmind · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bliomtoom · prepositionpreposition marking barnettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of barndöttdeaddöt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies barnbarnchildbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of påmindHe spoke good Lappish.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of taladetaladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lapskalapskaLappishlapska · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of talade— "But it's no use ruining one's life with grief," said the Lapp.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with löntärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to löntintenotinte · particlemodifies löntlöntworthwhilelön · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseIn the idiom 'det är lönt' (it's worth it, no use).
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förstörainfinitive marker before a verb.
förstörato destroyförstöra · verb, active, infinitivedepends on löntlivetlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of förstöramedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sorgsorgsorrowsorg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies livetsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with löntlappenLapplapp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadePeriod term (now usually replaced by 'Sami') for a member of the Sami people.
— "No, that it is not."
Nejnonej · interjectiondepends on detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with detärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phrasejuafter allju · adverbmodifies detintenotinte · particlemodifies det— "And now I've been thinking of taking another child to myself.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies tänktharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänktjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkttänktthoughttänka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencepåofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of taatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tainfinitive marker before a verb.
tato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tänkttilltotill · prepositiondepends on tamigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of taettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of barnannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies barnbarnchildbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of taDon't you think that would be wise?"
Tyckerdo you thinktycke · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Tyckerintenotinte · particlemodifies Tyckerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kloktdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of kloktvorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to kloktkloktwiseklok · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of Tycker— "That depends on what sort of child it is, Ola."
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of berorberordependsbero · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking barnvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of barndetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of barnärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to barnförkind offör · prepositionpreposition marking barnettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of barnbarnchildbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of berorOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with barn- 35
"I want to tell you what I know about the girl, Jon," said Ola, and now told the fisherman that around midsummer a couple of strange children, a boy and a girl, had come walking to Malmberget to search for their father, and that, since the father was away, they had stayed on to wait for him.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of talatalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceomtellom · prepositiondepends on talaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talavadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of vetjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of talaomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking flickanflickangirlflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vetJonJonJon · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with flickansadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with talaOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationberättadetoldberätta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadenunownu · adverbmodifies berättadeförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking fiskarenfiskarenfishermanfiskare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of berättadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hadeinfinitive marker before a verb.
vidaroundvid · prepositionpreposition marking midsommartidenmidsommartidenmidsummermidsommartid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on sadeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies barnfrämmandestrangefrämmande · adjective, nominativemodifies barnbarnchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of hadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gossegosseboygosse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to barnochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of flickaflickagirlflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with gossekommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinecoordinated with talavandrandewalkingvandra · adjective, nominativedepends on kommitPresent participle 'vandrande' of 'vandra' (to walk/wander); mistagged as an adjective.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking MalmbergetMalmbergetMalmbergetMalmberg · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of kommitförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of sökaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sökainfinitive marker before a verb.
sökasearchsöka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kommitefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking farsintheirsig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of farfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sökaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stannatdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralpart of the phrase atteftersomsinceeftersom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varfadernfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on stannatbortaawayborta · adverbmodifies varhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of stannatstannatstayedstanna · verb, active, supinecoordinated with talakvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on stannatdärtheredär · adverbmodifies inväntaförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of inväntaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of inväntainfinitive marker before a verb.
inväntato wait forinvänta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stannathonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of invänta But while they went about waiting, the boy had been killed by a blasting shot, and then the girl had wanted to hold a great funeral for him.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationunderwhileunder · prepositionintroduces the clause of gingodetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase underattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase underdetheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of gingoSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
gingowentgingo · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasePast plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationväntadewaitingvänta · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with gingoPast tense of the verb 'vänta', mistagged as an adjective.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gingogossenboygosse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadeblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinemodifies hadedödadkilleddöda · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking sprängskottettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sprängskottsprängskottblasting shotsprängskott · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of dödadochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gingoflickangirlflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of velatvelatwantedvela · verb, active, supinecoordinated with gingolemma should be vilja 'to want'; velat is its supine form.
göraholdgöra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of velatstorbegravninggrand funeralstorbegravning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of göraefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of göraThen Ola described most beautifully how the poor little girl had managed to get everyone to help her, and that she had been so brave that she herself had gone and spoken with the manager.
Därpåthendärpå · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies beskrevbeskrevdescribedbeskrev · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativesubject of beskrevmycketmostmycket · adverbmodifies vackertvackertbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of beskrevhurhowhur · adverbmodifies förmåttdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of flickanlillalittleliten · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies flickanfattigapoorfattig · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies flickanflickangirlflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förmåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förmåttförmåttmanagedförmå · verb, active, supinedepends on beskrevallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of förmåttatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hjälpainfinitive marker before a verb.
hjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on förmåtthenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälpaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of modighonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of modighadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of modigvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to modigsåsoså · adverbmodifies modigmodigbravemodig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with beskrevattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåtthonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåttsjälvherselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying honhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttgonegå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on modigochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtalattalkedtala · verb, active, supinecoordinated with gåttmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking disponentendisponentenmanagerdisponent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talat- 36
"Is that the girl you want to take in with you, Ola?" asked the fisherman.
Ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to flickandetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with flickandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of flickanflickangirlflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomwhosom · pronoundirect object of taThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on flickantillintill · prepositiondepends on tadigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of taiini · prepositionpreposition marking kåtankåtanhutkåta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of taA Sami tent/hut (kåta).
OlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with kåtanfrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemetarenfishermanmetar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågadeThe studio translation consistently renders metaren as "the fisherman," not "angler."
— "Yes," said the Lapp.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencelappenLapplapp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadePeriod term (now usually replaced by 'Sami') for a member of the Sami people.
"When we heard this, none of us could keep from weeping, and we said to one another that so good a sister would also make a good daughter, and that we wished she would come to us."
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hördeviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on låtadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hördekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of låtaviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of låtaintenotinte · particlemodifies låtalåtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låtaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gråtainfinitive marker before a verb.
gråtato crygråta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on låtaallihopallallihop · adjective, nominative, pluraldirect object of gråtaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with låtatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking varandravarandraeach othervarandra · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of sadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blienaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of systersåsoså · adverbmodifies godgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies systersystersistersyster · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bliocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies bliskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of låtaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dottergodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies dotterdotterdaughterdotter · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bliochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of önskadeviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of önskadeönskadewishedönska · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with låtaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on låtatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kommaThe other man sat silent a while.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andreandreotherandre · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencetystquiettyst · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sattenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sattIt was clear that he kept up the conversation only to please his friend the Lapp.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with märktesmärkteswas evidentmärktes · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fortsattehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fortsattefortsattecontinuedfortsata · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of märktessamtaletconversationsamtal · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fortsatteendastonlyendast · adverbmodifies göraförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of göraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göragivegöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fortsattesinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of vänvänfriendvän · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of göralappenLapplapp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of göraPeriod term (now usually replaced by 'Sami') for a member of the Sami people.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of glädjeglädjejoyglädje · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of göra"She's of your own kind, this girl, I suppose?"
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stamärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to stamvälsupposeväl · adverbmodifies stamavofav · prepositionpreposition marking stamdinyourdu · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of stamstamkindstam · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of flickandärtheredär · adverbmodifies flickanflickangirlflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularparallel clause to stam— "No," said Ola, "she is not one of the Sami people."
Nejnonej · interjectionhead of the phrasesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to NejOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of någonärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to någonintenotinte · particlemodifies någonnågononenågon · pronoun, common gender, singularin apposition to sadeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking SamefolketSamefolketthe Sami peopleSamefolket · proper noun, nominativemodifies någon— "Perhaps she's the daughter of some settler, so that she's used to life up here in the north?"
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dotterärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to dotterkanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies dotterdotterdaughterdotter · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies —tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking nybyggarenågonsomenågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of nybyggarenybyggaresettlernybyggare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of dottersåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of vanattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vanärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to vanvanused tovan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on dottervidtovid · prepositionpreposition marking livetlivetlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of vanhärherehär · adverbmodifies livetiini · prepositionpreposition marking nordennordenthe northnord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of här— "No, she's from far in the south," said Ola, and looked as though this had nothing at all to do with the matter.
Nejnonej · interjectionhead of the phrasehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of söderifrånärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to söderifrånlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies söderifrånsöderifrånfrom the southsöderifrån · proper noun, nominativeparallel clause to Nejsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to NejOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadepast tense of se, 'to see.'
utlookut · adverbdepends on sågsomas thoughsom · pronounsubject of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omas thoughom · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of hadeallsat allalls · adverbmodifies hadeintenotinte · particlemodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on sadenågotnothingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sakensakenthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göradogöra · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying sakenBut now the fisherman grew more interested.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemetarenthe fishermanmetare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevmeramoremycket · adverbmodifies intresseradintresseradinterestedintresserad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blev"Then I don't think you can take her," he said.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trorintenotinte · particlemodifies trorattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of taduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of takancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of trorhenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of tasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade"She surely won't be able to stand living in a hut through the winter, when she isn't raised to it."
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tålalärsurely won'tlära · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tålanogsurelynog · adverbmodifies tålaintenotinte · particlemodifies tålatålastandtåla · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of boinfinitive marker before a verb.
boto livebo · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of tåla"To dwell/live"; not to be confused with bo, "nest".
ithroughi · prepositionpreposition marking vinternkåtahutkåta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iA Sami tent/hut (kåta).
ominom · prepositionpreposition marking vinternvinternwintervinter · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bonärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of uppföddhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of uppföddintenotinte · particlemodifies uppföddärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to uppfödduppföddraiseduppfödd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on tålamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of uppfödd— "She will have good parents and good brothers and sisters in the hut," said Ola Serka stubbornly.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfåhavefå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencegodagoodgod · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies föräldrarföräldrarparentsförälder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of fåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgodagoodgod · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies syskonsyskonsiblingssyskon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with föräldrariini · prepositionpreposition marking kåtankåtanhutkåta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies syskonA Sami tent/hut (kåta).
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to fåOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeSerkaSerkaserka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of sadeActually the surname of Ola Serka, a Lapp character; mistagged as a verb by the parser.
enviststubbornlyenvist · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of Serka"It's worse to be alone than to be cold."
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with värreärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to värrevärreworseond · adjective, nominative, comparativehead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ensaminfinitive marker before a verb.
varabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to ensamensamaloneensam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on värreänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of frysaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of frysainfinitive marker before a verb.
frysafreezefrysa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on ensam- 37
But the fisherman seemed to grow ever more eager to prevent the matter.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmetarenfishermanmetar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bliThe studio translation consistently renders metaren as "the fisherman," not "angler."
tycktesseemed totycktes · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on bliblito becomebli · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencealltmeraever morealltmera · adverbcomplement of bliivrigeagerivrig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of alltmeraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förhindrainfinitive marker before a verb.
förhindrapreventförhindra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on ivrigsakenthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of förhindra It was as though he could not bear the thought that a child with Swedish parents should be taken in among the Lapps.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phrasevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ,somas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tålaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tålahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tålaintenotinte · particlemodifies tålakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tålatålabeartåla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on ,denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tankentankenthoughttanke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tålaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bliettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of barnbarnchildbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of blisomthatsom · pronounsubject of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on barnsvenskarSwedessvensk · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hadetillastill · prepositionpreposition marking föräldrarföräldrarparentsförälder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of hadeskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying tankenupptagettaken inupptaga · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of bliblandamongbland · prepositionpreposition marking lapparnalapparnaLappslapp · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of bliPeriod term for the Sami people; preserved as in the historical source text.
"You said she had a father at Malmberget, didn't you?"
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejudidn't youju · adverbmodifies sadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of sadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of farfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadevidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking MalmbergetMalmbergetMalmbergetMalmberget · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of hademining town in Lapland.
— "He's dead," said the Lapp curtly.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dödärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to döddöddeaddöd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseExamples mix the noun (döden) with adjectival uses (död gås); flag if the occurrence is adjectival.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with dödlappenLapplapp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadePeriod term (now usually replaced by 'Sami') for a member of the Sami people.
tvärtcurtlytvärd · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sade— "Have you really made sure of that, Ola?"
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tagitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tagitduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tagitvälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies tagittagittakenta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceriktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies tagitredafind outreda · adverbdepends on tagitpart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påofpå · prepositionpreposition marking OlaOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of tagit— "What need is there to ask about that?" said the Lapp scornfully.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of passive behövsbehövsis neededbehöva · verb, present, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with behövsatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of frågainfinitive marker before a verb.
frågaquestionfråga · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on behövsomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking sakendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sakensakenthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of frågasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencelappenLapplapp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadePeriod term (now usually replaced by 'Sami') for a member of the Sami people.
föraktligtscornfullyföraktlig · adverbmodifies sade"I ought surely to know.
Detaen · determiner, neuter, singularsubject of vetamåttemustmåtte · adverbmodifies vetaModal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means "must"; the perfect sense ("must have") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain "must."
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetavälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies vetavetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceWould the girl and her brother have had to wander alone through the whole country, if they had had a living father?
SkullewouldSkola · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceflickangirlflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Skulleochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhennesherhon · pronounpossessor of brorpossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
brorbrotherbror · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with flickanhahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of tvungnavaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to tvungnatvungnaforcedtvungen · adjective, nominative, pluralparallel clause to Skulleatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vandrainfinitive marker before a verb.
vandrawandervandra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tvungnaensammaaloneensam · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vandragenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking landethelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of vandraomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of haftdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hafthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on Skulleenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of farfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haftilivingi · prepositionpreposition marking livetlivetlivingliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of haftWould two children have had to fend for themselves, if they had had a father?
SkullewouldSkola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of behövttvåtwotvå · numeral, nominativequantifies barnbarnchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of behövthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of behövtbehövthad tobehövt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseförsörjato supportförsörja · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of behövtsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of försörjasjälvathemselvessjälv · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying sigomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of haftdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hafthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinecoordinated with behövtenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of farfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haftWould the little girl have had to go alone to speak with the manager, if her father had been alive?
SkullewouldSkola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gådenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of flickanlillalittleliten · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies flickanflickangirlflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåhahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of gåbehövthad tobehövt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceensamaloneensam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of gåförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of talaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of talainfinitive marker before a verb.
talato speaktala · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gåmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking disponentendisponentenmanagerdisponent · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadehennesherhon · pronounpossessor of farpossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gålevatlivedlevat · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeMistagged as a noun; this is the supine of the verb 'leva' ('to live').
Would she be alone for a single moment, now that all of Sameland is talking of what a fine girl she is, unless her father were already dead?
SkullewouldSkola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of ensamhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ensamvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to ensamensamaloneensam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ögonblickögonblickmomentögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of ensamnunownu · adverbmodifies talarsedannow thatsedan · prepositiondepends on nuAlso glossed as preposition (since/for/ago), but example ch03-p30-s3 ('Han följde sedan barnen...') uses sedan adverbially to mean 'then/afterward', a sense the original senses list omitted.
helawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies SamelandetSamelandetSamelandSameland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of talartalartalkstala · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ensamomaboutom · prepositionintroduces the clause of flickavilkenwhichvilken · pronoun, common gender, singulardeterminer of flickaduktigcapableduktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies flickaflickagirlflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talarhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ensamomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of farintenotinte · particlemodifies farhennesherhon · pronounpossessor of farpossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on ensamredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies dödvorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to döddöddeaddöd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on ensamExamples mix the noun (döden) with adjectival uses (död gås); flag if the occurrence is adjectival.
The girl herself believes he's alive, but I say he must be dead."
Flickangirlflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesjälvherselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies trorattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of leverhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of leverleverlivesleva · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of trormenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägersägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with leverattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dödhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dödmåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of dödvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to döddöddeaddöd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of sägerExamples mix the noun (döden) with adjectival uses (död gås); flag if the occurrence is adjectival.
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The man with the weary eyes turned toward Ola.
Mannenthe manMannen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ögonendetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ögonenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
tröttatiredtrött · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ögonenögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies Mannenvändeturnedvän · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceReally the past tense 'vände' of the verb vända ('to turn'), mistagged here under lemma vän.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vändemottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking OlaOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of vände "What is the girl's name, Ola?" he said.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of heterheteris calledheta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceflickangirlflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of heterOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with flickansadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeThe mountain man pondered.
Fjällmannenthe mountain manFjällmannen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of funderadefunderadeponderedfundera · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentence"That I don't remember.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with kommerkommerwillkomma · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommerintenotinte · particlemodifies kommerihågto mind (remember)ihåg · adverbdepends on kommeronly occurs in the fixed phrase komma ihåg 'to remember'.
I'll have to ask her."
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågafårhave tofå · verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of frågafrågato askfråga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of fråga— "Are you going to ask her?
Skawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of frågaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågafrågato askfråga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of frågaIs she here already, then?"
Ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Ärredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies härhärherehär · adverbmodifies Ärdåthendå · adverbmodifies här— "She's up there in the hut, yes."
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kåtanärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to kåtandäroppeup theredäroppe · adverbdepends on äriini · prepositionpreposition marking kåtankåtanhutkåta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseA Sami tent/hut (kåta).
jayesja · interjectioncoordinated with kåtan— "What, Ola?
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phraseOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativesubject of VadHave you taken her in with you before you know what her father wants?"
Harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tagitduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tagittagittakenta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of tagittillintill · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tagitinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vetduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tagitvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of villhennesherhon · pronounpossessor of farpossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villvillwantsvilja · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of vet— "I need not concern myself with her father.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies brybehöverneedbehöva · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bryjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brybryto trouble oneselfbry · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of bryomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of farhennesherhon · pronounpossessor of farpossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bryIf he isn't dead, he must be one who doesn't want to know his own child.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dödhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dödintenotinte · particlemodifies dödärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to döddöddeaddöd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on sådanExamples mix the noun (döden) with adjectival uses (död gås); flag if the occurrence is adjectival.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to sådanhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sådanvälmustväl · adverbmodifies sådanenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sådansådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of vetaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies vetavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of vetavetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on sådanavknowav · prepositionpreposition marking barnsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of barnpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
barnchildbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of vetaLet him be glad that someone else is taking care of it."
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gladmåmaymå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gladvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to gladgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tarenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of annanannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tartartakesta · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gladvårdcarevård · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of taromofom · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of tarThe fisherman threw down his fishing rod and stood up.
Metarenthe fishermanMetaren · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kastadekastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencespöetthe fishing rodspöet · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of kastadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrestestood upresa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kastadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of resteThere was a briskness about him, as if new life had come into him.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of fartvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to fartenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fartfartspeedfart · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseöveraboutöver · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies fartsomas ifsom · pronounsubject of fåttThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåtthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttfåttcomefå · verb, active, supinedepends on fartnyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies livlivlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fått"I think the father can't be like other people," the mountain man went on.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkertänkerthinktänka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of människorfadernfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of människorintenotinte · particlemodifies människorärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to människorsomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of människorandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralclausal complement of tänkerfortforwent onfortfor · proper noun, nominativeparallel clause to tänkerfjällmannenthe mountain manfjällmann · noun, nominative, common gender, singularparallel clause to tänker"He may be one who's haunted by dark thoughts, so that he can't hold out at his work.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of enärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to enkanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies enenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomwhosom · pronounsubject of passive jagasThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagasis hauntedjaga · verb, present, indicative, passiverelative clause on enavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking tankarmörkadarkmörk · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tankartankarthoughtstank · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralagent of jagassåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of hållaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hållaintenotinte · particlemodifies hållakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållahållato hold outhålla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on enutoutut · adverbdepends on hållavidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking arbetetarbetetworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hållaWhat kind of father would that be for her to get?"
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phraseärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to Vaddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with Vadförkind offör · prepositionpreposition marking farenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of farfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcopula linking to Vadförforför · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies faratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fågetfå · verb, active, infinitivedepends on Vad- 39
While Ola was saying this, the fisherman had walked up onto the bank.
Medanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sadeOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hadedettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttmetarenfishermanmetar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåttThe studio translation consistently renders metaren as "the fisherman," not "angler."
gåttwalked upgå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceuppåtupwarduppåt · adverbmodifies gåttstrandbräddenriverbankstrandbrädd · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of uppåt "Where are you going?" asked the Lapp.
Vartwherevart · pronoun, common gender, singularmodifies gåskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencefrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencelappenLapplapp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågadePeriod term (now usually replaced by 'Sami') for a member of the Sami people.
— "I'm going to have a look at your foster daughter, Ola."
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationseseese · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gåpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking fosterdotternfosterdotternfoster daughterfosterdotter · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sedinyourdu · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of gåOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with din— "That's good," said the Lapp.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of braärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to brabragoodbra · adjective, nominativehead of the phrasesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to bralappenLapplapp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadePeriod term (now usually replaced by 'Sami') for a member of the Sami people.
"Come and look at her!
KomcomeKom · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationseseese · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with Kompåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of seI think you'll agree it's a good daughter I'm getting."
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkertänkerthinktänka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tyckatyckato thinktycka · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of tänkerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dotterdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of dotterärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to dotterenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dottergodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies dotterdotterdaughterdotter · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on tänkerjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fårfårgettingfå · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on dotter- 40
The Swede walked on at such a pace that the Lapp could scarcely keep up with him.
SvenskenSwedesvensk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceframforwardfram · adverbdepends on gickmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hastsådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hastsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
hasthurryhast · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gick'i en hast' = 'on the spot/in a hurry'.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of följalappenLapplapp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of följaPeriod term (now usually replaced by 'Sami') for a member of the Sami people.
knappthardlyknappt · adverbmodifies följanogbarelynog · adverbmodifies följakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of följaföljato followfölja · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gickhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of följa After a while Ola said to his companion: "I can just recall that her name is Åsa Jonsdotter, the girl I want to take in."
Efterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking stundenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking kamratsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of kamratkamratcompanionkamrat · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sadeJagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of påminnakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of påminnajustjustjust · adverbmodifies påminnapåminnato remindpåminna · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of påminnaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of heterhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of heterheteris calledheta · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of påminnaÅsaÅsaÅsa · proper noun, nominativedirect object of heterJonsdotterJonsdotterJonsdotter · proper noun, nominativedepends on Åsaflickangirlflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Åsasomwhosom · pronoundirect object of taThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on Åsaoppupopp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on taDialectal form of upp ("up"), mistagged as a noun by the parser.
The other man only hurried his steps, and old Ola Serka was so pleased that he could have burst out laughing.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andreandreotherandre · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of skyndadeskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebarajustbara · adverbmodifies skyndadepåhurriedpå · prepositionpreposition marking stegenstegenstepssteg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skyndadeSurface 'stegen' is the definite PLURAL of neuter 'steg' (steg/steg/steget/stegen), not 'the step' singular — every example ('lyssnade efter stegen', 'stegen blev osäkra', 'skyndade på stegen') means 'the footsteps/his steps', not one single step.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgamleold mangamle · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies OlaOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativesubject of passive SerkaSerkaSerkaserka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with skyndadeActually the surname of Ola Serka, a Lapp character; mistagged as a verb by the parser.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activedepends on Serkasåsoså · adverbmodifies belåtenbelåtensatisfied/contentbelåt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skyndadePredicate adjective belåten ('satisfied'); tagged as noun.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of velathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of velathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of velatvelatwantedvela · verb, active, supineclause modifying belåtenlemma should be vilja 'to want'; velat is its supine form.
storskrattalaugh aloudstorskratta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of velatWhen they had gone so far that they could see the huts, Ola said a few more words.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåttdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttgonegå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sadesåsoså · adverbmodifies långtlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies gåttattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sågosågosawsågo · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gåttmistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw).
kåtornathe hutskåtorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sågosadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeännumoreännu · adverbmodifies sadeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ordordwordsord · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of sade"She has come here to the Sami people to look for her father and not to become my foster daughter, but if she doesn't find her father, then I would gladly keep her in the hut."
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencehitherehit · adverbdepends on kommittilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking SamefolketSamefolketthe Sami peoplesamefolk · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of kommitförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of sökaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sökainfinitive marker before a verb.
sökasearchsöka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kommitefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking farsinhersig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of farfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sökaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies bliförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of bliatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bliinfinitive marker before a verb.
blibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sökaminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of fosterdotterpossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
fosterdotterfoster daughterfosterdott · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of blimenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of finnerhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finnerintenotinte · particlemodifies finnerfinnerfindsfinna · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with kommitfadernfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finnerdåthendå · adverbmodifies behållavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of behållajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of behållagärnagladlygärna · adverbmodifies behållaType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
behållato keepbehålla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on finnerhenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of behållaiini · prepositionpreposition marking kåtankåtanhutkåta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of behållaA Sami tent/hut (kåta).
The other man hurried on with even greater haste.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andreandreotherandre · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of skyndadeskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceframåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies skyndademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hastänevenän · adverbmodifies störrestörrebiggerstor · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies hasthasthastehast · nounoblique complement of skyndade"I could well believe he'd be afraid, when I threatened to take up his daughter among the Sami people," said Ola to himself.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trokundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trovälwellväl · adverbmodifies trotrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blihanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bliskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on saderäddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blinärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hotadejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hotadehotadethreatenedhota · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on räddatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tainfinitive marker before a verb.
tato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hotadeoppupoppa · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on taDialectal form of upp ("up"), a particle, not a finite verb; the parser mistagged it.
hanshishan · pronounpossessor of dotterdotterdaughterdotter · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tablandamongbland · prepositionpreposition marking SamefolketSamefolketthe Sami peopleSamefolket · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of tasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to troOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of sadesjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sig- 41
When the man from Kiruna, who had rowed Åsa the goose girl over to the Lapp camp, returned later in the day, he had with him in the boat two people who sat close together on the thwart, holding each other's hands faithfully, as if they never wished to be parted again.
Närwhennär · adverbintroduces the clause of vändeFunctions as a subordinating conjunction, not an adverb.
karlenmankarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase Närfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking KirunaKirunaKirunaKiruna · proper noun, nominativemodifies karlenTown in Norrbotten.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on karlenrottrowedrott · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of hadeÅsaÅsaÅsa · proper noun, nominativedepends on rottgåsapigagoose girlgåsapig · adjective, nominative, pluraldirect object of hadeMistagged as an adjective; gåsapiga is the noun "goose girl" (a herding role), always paired with a name (Åsa gåsapiga).
överoveröver · adverbmodifies hadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking lapplägretlapplägretthe Sámi camplapplägr · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hadeThe historical compound uses the now-dated term lapp for Sámi people.
vändeturnedvääggn · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hadeLemma is garbled; surface vände is the past tense of vända ("to turn").
tillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies vändeframforwardfram · adverbdepends on vändepåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of framhadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of hadeiduringi · prepositionpreposition marking båtenbåtenboatbåt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadetvåtwotvå · numeral, nominativequantifies människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hadesomwhosom · pronounsubject of suttoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
suttosatsutto · noun, nominative, neuter, singularrelative clause on människorOld plural past tense of sitta ('to sit'), mistagged here as a noun.
tättclosetätt · adverbmodifies bredvidbredvidbesidebredvid · prepositionpreposition marking varandravarandraeach othervarandra · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of suttopåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking toftentoftenthe thwarttoft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of suttoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhölloholdinghöllo · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with suttovarandraeach othervarandra · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of höllotrogetfaithfullytroget · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of hölloiholding handsi · prepositionmodifies höllohandhandhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase isomas ifsom · pronounintroduces the clause of skiljasThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skiljasdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of passive skiljasaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies skiljasmeragainmycket · adverbmodifies skiljasvillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skiljasskiljasbe partedskilja · verb, passive, infinitiverelative clause on människor They were Jon Assarsson and his daughter.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of JonSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies Jonarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
JonJonJon · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseAssarssonAssarssonAssarsson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Jonochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanshishan · pronounpossessor of dotterdotterdaughterdotter · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with JonBoth were changed from what they had been a couple of hours before, for Jon Assarsson looked less bent and weary, and his eyes shone clear and kind, as if he had now got the answer to what had so long troubled him, and Åsa the goose girl no longer looked around so wisely and warily as she had been used to do.
Bådabothbåda · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of sågvorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on Bådaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
olikadifferentolik · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying Bådamotfrommot · prepositionpreposition marking vadvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of timmardetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of passive timmarhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of timmarvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to timmarföragoför · prepositionpreposition marking timmarettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies timmartimmarhourstimme · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralrelative clause on Bådasedanthensedan · adverbmodifies timmarförforför · prepositionpreposition marking JonJonJonJon · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with BådaAssarssonAssarssonAssarsson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Jonsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemindrelessliten · adverbmodifies böjdthis type bundles the positive and comparative degree forms (litet, mindre) under one entry.
böjdbentböjd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies utochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtrötttiredtrött · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with böjdutlookut · adverbdepends on sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanshishan · pronounpossessor of ögonögoneyesögon · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of blickadeblickadelooked/gazedblicka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sågklaraclearklar · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of blickadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgodagoodgod · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with klarasomas ifsom · pronounintroduces the clause of fåttThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåtthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåttnunownu · adverbmodifies fåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttfåttgotfå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on blickadesvaranswersvar · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fåttpåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of fåttsomwhatsom · pronounsubject of ängslatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
såsoså · adverbmodifies längelängelonglänge · adverbmodifies ängslathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ängslatängslattroubledängsla · verb, active, supinerelative clause on fåtthonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of ängslatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationÅsaÅsaÅsa · proper noun, nominativepart of the phrase ochgåsapigagoose girlgåsapig · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fåttsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sågintenotinte · particlemodifies sågomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies sågsåsoså · adverbpart of the phrase omkringdärtheredär · adverbmodifies sågkloktwiseklok · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvaksamtwarilyvaksam · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with kloktsomassom · pronounintroduces the clause of brukatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brukathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of brukatbrukatused tobruka · verb, active, supinecomplement of fåttgöradogöra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of brukatShe had found someone great to lean on and trust in, and it seemed as though she were about to become a child again.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttfåttfoundfå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencenågonsomeonenågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåttatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of stödjainfinitive marker before a verb.
stödjalean onstödja · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fåttsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of stödjavidonvid · prepositionpreposition marking stödjaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlitato trustlita · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with vidpåonpå · prepositionpart of the phrase vidochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tycktestycktesseemedtycktes · verb, past, indicativecoordinated with fåttsomas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hållaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hållahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hållaskullewas about toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållahållato be about tohålla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fåttpåabout topå · prepositionintroduces the clause of bliatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bliinfinitive marker before a verb.
blibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hållabarnchildbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of bliigenagainigen · adverbmodifies bli
The particulars
- The text
- Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige, Selma Lagerlöf. The Wonderful Adventures of Nils.
- Translation
- Public-domain Swedish (Lagerlöf, d. 1940; published 1906–07). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
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- Every word of the text, by letter.
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