Swedish · The Wonderful Adventures of Nils
En liten herrgård
A Little Manor House
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The wild geese followed the Klarälven as far as Munkfors, the great ironworks.
Vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · proper noun, nominativesubject of följdeföljdefollowedföljde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceKlarälventhe KlarälvenKlarälven · proper noun, nominativedirect object of följdeName of the river Klarälven in Värmland.
såasså · adverbmodifies bruklångtfarlångt · adverbpart of the phrase såsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bruktilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking MunkforsMunkforsMunkforsMunkfors · proper noun, genitivepossessor of brukstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies brukbrukironworksbruk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of följde Then they turned west toward Fryksdalen.
Sedanthensedan · adverbhead of the phrasetogotooktogo · verb, past, indicative, activepart of the phrase SedanOld plural past tense of taga/ta ('to take').
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldepends on togoavoffav · prepositionpreposition marking västerutvästerutwestwardvästerut · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies deSame adverb 'westward'; mistagged as noun.
mottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking FryksdalenFryksdalenFryksdalenFryksdalen · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of togoBefore they had even reached Lake Fryken, it began to grow dark, and they settled down in a marshy bog up on a wooded ridge.
Innanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hunnitdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hunnitännuevenännu · adverbmodifies hunnithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hunnithunnitreachedhinna · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on börjadeframforwardfram · adverbdepends on hunnittilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking Frykensjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies FrykenFrykenFrykenFryken · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of hunnitbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of börjademörknagrow darkmörkna · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of slogoslogosettled downslogo · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with börjadeArchaic plural preterite of slå; tagged present but functions as past tense.
sigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of slogonerdownner · adverbmodifies slogoiini · prepositionpreposition marking myrenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sanksanksoggysank · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies myrAdjectival form 'soft and wet ground', despite the noun tag.
myrbogmyr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slogouppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies myrpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking skogshöjdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skogshöjdskogshöjdwooded ridgeskogshöjd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slogoThe bog was a decent enough night's lodging for wild geese, but the boy thought it was raw and dismal there, and wanted a better bed.
Myrenthe bogMyren · proper noun, nominativesubject of nattkvartervarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to nattkvarternogenoughnog · adverbmodifies nattkvarterettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of nattkvartergottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies nattkvarternattkvarternight's lodgingnattkvart · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraseförforför · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässvildgässwild geesevildgäss · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies nattkvartermenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with nattkvarterattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ruskigtdärtheredär · adverbmodifies ruskigtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ruskigtruskigtraw and dismalruskig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of tyckteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationråttrawrå · verb, active, supinecoordinated with ruskigtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hagärnawantedgärna · adverbmodifies haType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
hato haveha · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with nattkvarterenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sovplatsbättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies sovplatssovplatssleeping placesovplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haWhile he was still up in the air, he had seen that there were some farms below the ridge, and he set off in a great hurry to find them.
Medanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varännustillännu · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on settkvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on varuppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies variini · prepositionpreposition marking luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uppehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of setthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settsettseense · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lågdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of settnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of gårdargårdarfarmsgård · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of lågnedanförbelownedanför · prepositionpreposition marking åsenåsenridgeås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gårdarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of begavbegavset offbegava · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of begavmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hastallallall · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hasthasthastehast · nounoblique complement of begavåstadoffåsta · verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominativecoordinated with lågSame adverb 'åstad'; mistagged as verb participle.
förtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of sökaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sökainfinitive marker before a verb.
sökasearchsöka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on åstaduppupupp · adverbdepends on sökademthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of söka- 2
It was a longer way than he had thought, and more than once he was tempted to turn back.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of vägvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to väglängrelongerlång · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies vägvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeclause modifying vägtrottbelievedtrott · verb, active, supinedirect object of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frestadvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to frestadfleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of frestadfrestadtemptedfrestad · nouncoordinated with vägatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vändainfinitive marker before a verb.
vändato turnvända · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on frestad But at last the forest thinned out around him, and he came to a country road running along the edge of the woods.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationäntligenfinallyäntligen · adverbmodifies glesnadeglesnadethinned outglesna · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseomkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skogenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking landsvägenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of landsväglandsväghighwaylandsväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komsomthatsom · pronounsubject of löpteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
löpteranlöpte · verb, active, supinerelative clause on landsvägframforwardfram · adverbmodifies löpteialongi · prepositionpreposition marking skogsbrynetskogsbrynetedge of the forestskogsbryn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of framFrom the road a handsome birch avenue led down to a farm, and he set his course straight for it.
Frånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking vägenvägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of leddeleddeledleda · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of björkallévackerbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies björkallébjörkallébirch avenuebjörkallé · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of leddenerdownner · adverbmodifies leddetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking gårdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gårdgårdfarmgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ställdeställdesetställa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with leddegenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies ställdekosancoursekosa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ditåt'styra kosan' = 'to head/make one's way'.
ditåtthat wayditåt · adverbdirect object of ställde- 3
The boy first came into a back yard, as big as a town square and lined with long, red rows of outbuildings.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceförstfirstförst · adverbmodifies komininin · adverbdepends on kompåintopå · prepositionpreposition marking bakgårdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bakgårdbakgårdback yardbakgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of storThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on bakgårdsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of torgettorgetthe squaretorge · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of storiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking stadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stadstadtownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies torgetochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomgavswas surroundedomgav · noun, genitive, neuter, singularcoordinated with torgetavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking huslängorlångalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies huslängorrödaredröd · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies huslängorhuslängorranges of buildingshuslänga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralagent of omgavs When he had crossed it, he saw another yard, where the manor house stood with a sanded walk and a broad forecourt in front of it, a wing at the side, and a leafy garden behind.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåtthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttcrossedgå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sågöveracrossöver · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåttsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gårdannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gårdgårdestategård · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sågdärtheredär · adverbmodifies lågboningshusetdwelling houseboningshus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on gårdmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sandgångenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sandgångsandgångsanded pathsandgång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gårdsplanstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gårdsplangårdsplancourtyardgårdsplan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sandgångframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativemodifies gårdsplanflygela wingflygel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sigvidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking sidansidanat the sidesida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies flygelochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of trädgårdlummigleafylummig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies trädgårdträdgårdgardenträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with lågbakombehindbakom · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of trädgårdThe main building itself was small and unassuming, but the forecourt was bordered by a row of enormously tall rowan trees, standing so close together that they formed a proper wall around it, and the boy felt as though he had stepped into a splendid, high-vaulted room.
Självaitselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies manbyggnadenSurface "själva" is the plural/emphatic form of själv and can mean "themselves" or intensify "the very."
manbyggnadenthe main buildingmanbyggnad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of litenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to litenlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationoansenligunassumingoansenlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with litenmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgårdsplanencourtyardgårdsplan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kantadvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to kantadkantadborderedkantad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with litenmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking rönnarenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of radradrowrad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of högaofantligtimmenselyofantlig · adverbmodifies högahögatallhög · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies rönnarrönnarrowansrönna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kantadsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of stodoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
stodostoodstodo · verb, present, indicativerelative clause on rönnarHistorical past-plural form of stå (cf. voro, gingo); despite the 'present' tag this is past tense.
såsoså · adverbmodifies tätttättclosetätt · adverbmodifies stodoattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bildadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of bildadebildadeformedbilda · verb, past, indicative, activeclause modifying rönnarenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of väggriktigrealriktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies väggväggwallvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of bildadeomkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of bildadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with litenattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of tycktesomas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommitomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on litenininin · adverbdepends on kommitiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking präktigtettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of präktigtpräktigtsplendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommithögvälvthigh-vaultedhögvälv · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with präktigtrumroomrum · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with präktigtThe sky rested beautifully pale blue above it, the rowans were golden with big red clusters of berries, the lawns were still fairly green, but it was bright, radiant moonlight that evening, and it fell on the grass with such a glow that the grass turned white as silver.
Himmelenthe skyHimmelen · proper noun, nominativesubject of viladeviladerestedvila · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedäröverabove itdäröver · adverbmodifies viladesköntbeautifullyskönt · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies blekblåblekblåpale blueblekblå · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with viladerönnarnathe rowansrönn · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with viladevorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on gulaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
gulayellowgul · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with vilademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking klasarstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies klasarrödaredröd · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with storaklasarclustersklas · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of viladegräsmattornalawnsgräsmattore · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with viladevorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with viladearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
välfairlyväl · adverbmodifies grönaännustillännu · adverbmodifies grönagrönagreengrön · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of vilademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ljustvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ljustljustlightljust · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with viladeDescribes daylight/brightness, e.g. "det var ljust" = "it was light out."
strålanderadiantstrålande · adjective, nominativemodifies månskenmånskenmoonlightmånsk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ljustdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kvällenkvälleneveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ljustochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of föllföllfellföll · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vilademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking glanssådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies glanssån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
glansradianceglans · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of föllöveronöver · prepositionpreposition marking gräsetgräsetgrassgräs · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies glansattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blevdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeclause modifying glansvittwhitevi · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of blevsomlikesom · conjunctionpreposition marking silversilversilversilver · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of blev- 4
Not a soul was to be seen, so the boy could roam about freely wherever he liked, and when he came into the garden, he noticed something that very nearly put him in a good mood.
Ingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of människamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of syntessynteswas to be seensyntes · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentencetillin sighttill · prepositiondepends on syntesutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with syntesfrittfreelyfri · adverbmodifies gåomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies gåvartwherevart · adverbmodifies villehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villevillewantedvilja · verb, past, indicative, activein apposition to gåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gåininin · adverbdepends on komiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking trädgårdenträdgårdengardenträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komladenoticedla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with syntes"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lademärkenoticemärke · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of ladeBoth attested examples are the idiom 'lägga märke till' = 'to notice', not the bare noun 'mark'; flag as context-dependent so the idiomatic sense isn't lost.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking någotnågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of ladesomthatsom · pronounsubject of försatteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
näravery nearlynära · adverbmodifies försatteType lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära.
nognearlynog · adverbmodifies försatteförsatteputförsata · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on någothonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of försatteiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking humörgottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies humörhumörgood moodhumör · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of försatte He had climbed up into a small rowan to eat rowanberries, but before he had reached a cluster, he caught sight of a bird-cherry bush that was likewise full of berries.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stigithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of stigitstigitrisenstiga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceuppupupp · adverbdepends on stigitiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking rönnenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rönnlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies rönnrönnrowanrönn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stigitförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of ätaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ätainfinitive marker before a verb.
ätaeatäta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stigitrönnbärrowanberriesrönnbär · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ätamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of nåtthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of nåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of nåttnåttreachednå · verb, active, supinecoordinated with stigitSupine of nå ('to reach').
uppupupp · adverbdepends on nåtttilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking klaseenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of klaseklaseclusterklase · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nåttfickcaught sightfå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ficksynsightsyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking häggbuskeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of häggbuskehäggbuskebird-cherry bushhäggbuske · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ficksomthatsom · pronounsubject of fullThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies fullvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to fullfullfullfull · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on häggbuskemedwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of bärbärberriesbär · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fullHe slid down the rowan trunk and climbed up into the bird-cherry, but he had scarcely gotten there when he discovered a currant bush still hung with long red clusters.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hasadehasadeslid downhasa · verb, past, indicative, activesubject of utförsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of hasadeutfördownutföra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceFunctions here as the adverb/preposition "down" (utför trappan/kullen), not the unrelated verb utföra ("to perform").
rönnstammenthe rowan trunkrönnstamm · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of utförochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationklättradeclimbedklättra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with utföruppupupp · adverbdepends on klättradeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking häggenhäggenthe bird cherryhägg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of klättrademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationknappthardlyknappt · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · adverbcoordinated with utförThis is the past tense "var" of vara ("to be"), not an adverb; the parser mistagged it.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vardärtheredär · adverbmodifies varförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies upptäckteused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of upptäckteupptäcktediscoveredupptäcka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on utförenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vinbärsbuskevinbärsbuskea currant bushvinbärsbuske · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of upptäcktedärtheredär · adverbmodifies hängdedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of hängdeännustillännu · adverbmodifies hängdehängdehunghängde · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on vinbärsbuskekvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on hängdelångalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of hängderödaredröd · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies klasarklasarclustersklas · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with långaAnd now he saw that the whole garden was filled with gooseberries and raspberries and rose hips.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of uppfylldhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies trädgårdenträdgårdengardenträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of uppfylldvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to uppfyllduppfylldfilleduppfylld · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of sågavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking krusbärkrusbärgooseberrieskrusbär · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralagent of uppfylldochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhallonraspberrieshallo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with krusbärochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnyponrose hipsnypon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with hallonThere were turnips and rutabagas out on the vegetable beds, there were berries on every bush, seeds on the herbs, small grain-filled ears on the grass stalks.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
kålrötterrutabagaskålrött · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fannsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrovorturnipsrova · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with kålrötterbortaout onborta · adverbmodifies fannspåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking grönsakslandengrönsakslandenthe vegetable bedsgrönsakslande · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fannsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativeparallel clause to fannsexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
bärberriesbä · verb, present, indicative, activecomplement of fannslemma is really bära ('to carry'); surface bär.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking buskevarendaevery singlevarenda · determiner, singulardeterminer of buskebuskebushbuske · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bärfrönseedsfrön · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with buskepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking örternaörternaherbsört · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies frönsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kornfylldakornfylldagrain-filledkornfylld · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies axaxears of grainax · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with buskepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking grässtrånagrässtrånagrass stalksgrässtråna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of bärAnd there on the path — no, he certainly wasn't mistaken — there lay a big, splendid apple, gleaming in the moonlight!
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärtheredär · adverbmodifies gångenpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking gångengångenpathgång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bestämtnejnonej · interjectioncoordinated with gångenhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bestämtsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bestämtpast tense of se, 'to see.'
bestämtcertainlybestämd · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceAdverbial 'bestämt' (certainly, surely), mistagged as a verb supine.
intenotinte · particlemodifies bestämtmistemistakenmiste · adverbdepends on bestämtdärtheredär · adverbmodifies låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to bestämtettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of äpplestortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase ettgrantfine/splendidgrant · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies äppleäppleappleäpple · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblänktegleamedblänkte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågiin the moonlighti · prepositionpreposition marking månskenetmånskenetmoonlightmånsken · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies blänkte- 5
The boy sat himself down on a grassy verge with the big apple in front of him and began cutting small pieces out of it with his sheath knife.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slogslogsat downslå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of slognerdownner · adverbmodifies slogpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking gräskantenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gräskantgräskantgrassy vergegräskant · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slogmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking äppletdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of äppletstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies äppletweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
äppletappleäpple · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies gräskantframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of äppletochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with slogskäracutskär · verb, active, infinitivemodifies styckensmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies styckenstyckenpiecesstycken · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcomplement of börjadeurout ofur · prepositiondepends on styckendetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase urmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking slidknivenslidkniventhe sheath-knifeslidkniv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of började "It wouldn't be so hard to be a tomte your whole life, if it were always this easy to get good food as it is at this place," he thought.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with tungtskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tungtintenotinte · particlemodifies tungtvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to tungtsåsoså · adverbmodifies tungttungtheavytung · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tomteinfinitive marker before a verb.
varabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to tomtetomtetomtetomte · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on tungtithroughouti · prepositionpreposition marking livhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies livsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of livpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
livlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of tomteomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lättdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lättjämtconstantlyjämt · adverbmodifies lättvorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to lättsåsoså · adverbmodifies lättlätteasylätt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on tungtch01-p14 'ett lätt buller' renders as 'a faint noise' in the translation, a distinct sense from weight/air-lightness or ease.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fågetfå · verb, active, infinitivedepends on lättgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies matmatfoodmat · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåsomassom · pronounintroduces the clause of påThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
påatpå · prepositionclause modifying matdetaen · determiner, neuter, singularpart of the phrase påhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase detställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase dettänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to tungthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkte- 6
He sat and pondered as he ate, and at last he wondered whether it might not be just as well if he stayed right where he was and let the wild geese fly on south without him.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgrubbladeponderedgrubbla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattmedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of åthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of åtåtateåt · prepositionadverbial clause on sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies undradesistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase tillundradewonderedundra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with satthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undradeomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of voredetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of voreintenotinte · particlemodifies vorevorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activeadverbial clause on undradesåasså · adverbmodifies gottgottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase voreattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stannadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stannadestannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on undradedärtheredär · adverbmodifies varhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varnunownu · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on stannadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationläteletläte · adjectivemodifies vildgässenLäte is a historical subjunctive form of låta.
vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässen · determiner, common gender, singularpossessor of farafaragofara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with stannadesome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
motsouthmot · prepositionpreposition marking södersödersouthsöder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies farautanwithoututan · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies fara "I really don't know how I'll explain to Father Gander Morten that I can't come home," he thought.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceraktreallyrak · adverbmodifies vetintenotinte · particlemodifies vethurhowhur · adverbmodifies förklarajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förklaraskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of förklaraförklaraexplainförklara · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of vetförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking gåskarlMårtenMortenMårten · proper noun, nominativepossessor of gåskarlthe studio translation renders this name as 'Morten'.
gåskarlgandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förklaraattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of farajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of faraintenotinte · particlemodifies farakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of farafaracome homefara · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of förklarahemhomehem · adverbmodifies faratänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with farahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkte"It's better that I simply part ways with him.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with bättreärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to bättrebättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativehead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skiljerjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skiljeralldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies skiljerskiljerpart waysskilja · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on bättremigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of skiljerfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skiljerI could gather myself a winter store, just as well as the squirrels do, and if I lived in some dark corner of the stable or the cowshed, I wouldn't have to freeze to death."
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of samlakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of samlasamlato gathersamla · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of samlaettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of vinterförrådvinterförrådwinter storevinterförråd · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of samlajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of likavällikaväljust as welllikaväl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralparallel clause to samlasomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ekorrarnaekorrarnathe squirrelsekorrarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralin apposition to likavälochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of boddejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of boddeboddelivedboda · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with samlaiini · prepositionpreposition marking vråenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vråmörkdarkmörk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vråvråcornervrå · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of boddeiofi · prepositionpreposition marking stalletstalletstablestall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of boddeelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiini · prepositionpreposition marking lagårdenlagårdencow houselagård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with stalletbehövdeneededbehövdea · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of frysajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frysaintenotinte · particlemodifies frysafrysafreezefrysa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with samlaihjälto deathihjäl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldepends on frysaBackbone mistags this as a noun; ihjäl is the adverb particle meaning 'to death' (as in slå ihjäl, svälta ihjäl).
- 7
Just as he was thinking this, he heard a light rustling over his head, and the next moment something resembling a short birch stump stood on the ground beside him.
Justjustjust · adverbmodifies tänktesomassom · pronounoblique complement of tänkteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hördedettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of tänktehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of susninglättlightlätt · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies susningsusningrustlingsusning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hördeöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking huvudsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of huvudpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
huvudheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hördeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationögonblicketmomentögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of stoddärefterafterwarddärefter · adverbmodifies stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hördenågotsomethingnågon · adverbexpletive with stodsomthatsom · pronounsubject of liknadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
liknaderesembledlikna · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on någotenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of björkstubbelitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies björkstubbekortshortkort · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies björkstubbebjörkstubbebirch stumpbjörkstubbe · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of liknadebredvidnearbybredvid · adverbadverbial clause on stodhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of stodpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stod The stump twisted and turned, and two bright points up at its top glowed like embers.
Stubbenthe stumpstubbe · noun, common gendersubject of lystevredtwistedvred · adverbmodifies Stubbenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvändeturnedväna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with StubbenPast tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända.
påitselfpå · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of vändeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtvåtwotvå · numeral, nominativequantifies punkterljusapale/lightljus · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies punkterpunkterpointspunkt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Stubbenuppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies lysteiati · prepositionpreposition marking toppentoppentoptopp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lystelysteshonelyste · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseTagged as an adjective but is the past tense of lysa, 'to shine'.
somlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of eldkoleldkolemberseldkol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of lysteThis looked like real sorcery, but the boy soon noticed that the stump had a hooked beak and great feathered rings around its glowing eyes, and then he calmed down.
Dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceutlookut · adverbdepends on sågsomlikesom · prepositionpreposition marking trolleriFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of trolleririktigtrealriktig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies trolleritrollerisorcerytrolleri · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sågmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märktemärktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sågsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies märkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadestubbenthe stumpstubbe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on märkteenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of näbbkrokighookedkrokig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies näbbnäbbbeaknäbb · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fjäderkransarfjäderkransarfeathered ringsfjäderkrans · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with hadekringaroundkring · prepositionpreposition marking ögonendetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ögonenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
glödandeglowingglöda · adjective, nominativemodifies ögonenögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies fjäderkransarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies lugnadelugnadecalmedlugna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with märktehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lugnadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of lugnade- 8
"It was quite a pleasure to meet a living creature," he said.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with roligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to roligtriktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies roligtroligtfunrolig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of råkainfinitive marker before a verb.
råkameetråka · verb, active, infinitivedepends on roligtpåmeetpå · prepositionpreposition marking varelseenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of varelselevandelivinglevande · adjective, nominativemodifies varelsevarelsecreaturevarelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of råkasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to roligthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade "Perhaps you, Mrs. Tawny Owl, would care to tell me what this place is called, and what sort of people live here?"
Kanskeperhapskanske · adverbhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fruduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frufruladyfru · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on Kanskekattugglatawny owlkattuggla · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fruvillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of talatalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with fruomtellom · prepositiondepends on talaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talavadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularintroduces the clause of heterdetaen · determiner, neuter, singularsubject of heterhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase detställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase detheteris calledheta · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of talaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of folkdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with folkärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to folkförsort offör · prepositionpreposition marking folkfolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with hetersomthatsom · pronounsubject of borThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
borlivesbo · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on folkhärherehär · adverbmodifies bor- 9
The tawny owl had, that evening as on every other autumn evening, been sitting on a rung of the tall ladder propped against the roof of the house, looking down at the gravel paths and lawns to watch for rats.
Kattugglanthe tawny owlkattugglan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kvällenkvälleneveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadesomassom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of suttitallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of höstkvällarandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies höstkvällarhöstkvällarautumn eveningshöstkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of suttitsuttitsatsutta · verb, active, supinerelative clause on kvällenArchaic spelling of suttit, the supine of sitta ("to sit").
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking pinneenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of pinnepinnerungpinne · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of suttitiofi · prepositionpreposition marking stegendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stegenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies stegenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
stegenladdersteg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies pinneSurface 'stegen' is the definite PLURAL of neuter 'steg' (steg/steg/steget/stegen), not 'the step' singular — every example ('lyssnade efter stegen', 'stegen blev osäkra', 'skyndade på stegen') means 'the footsteps/his steps', not one single step.
somthatsom · pronounsubject of stodThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
stodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on stegenstöddproppedstödd · verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominativecomplement of stodmotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking hustakethustaketthe house roofhustak · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stöddochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtittatlookedtittaa · verb, active, supinecoordinated with suttitnerdownner · adverbdepends on tittatpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking grusgångargrusgångargravel pathsgrusgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of tittatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgräsmattorlawnsgräsmatta · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with grusgångarförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of spanaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of spanainfinitive marker before a verb.
spanawatch forspana · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tittatefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking råttorråttorratsråttor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of spana But to her surprise, not a single gray hide had shown itself.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking förvåninghennesherhon · pronounpossessor of förvåningpossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
förvåningastonishmentförvåning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on visatintenotinte · particlemodifies hadeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of gråskinnendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativemodifies gråskinngråskinngray hidegråskinn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visatvisatshownvisa · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of visatInstead she saw that something resembling a human being, though very, very much smaller, was moving about in the garden.
Iinsteadi · prepositionmodifies sågställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase Isågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionmodifies sågnågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase attsomthatsom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of liknadeliknaderesembledlikna · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on någotenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of människamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of liknadefastänalthoughfastän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of mycketdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with mycketvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to mycketmycketmuchmycket · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on någotmycketvery muchmycket · adverbmodifies mindremindresmallerlite · adverbcoordinated with mycketSurface 'mindre' is the shared comparative of both 'lite' (less) and 'liten' (small); in ch. examples it renders as predicate-adjective 'smaller' (mycket mindre än han, mindre höga) as often as adverbial 'less' (nöjde sig inte med mindre).
rördemovedröra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with mycketsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of rördeiini · prepositionpreposition marking trädgårdenträdgårdengardenträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rörde"Here, surely, is the one scaring off the rats," the tawny owl had thought.
Härherehär · adverbmodifies tänktharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänktjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harnogsurelynog · adverbmodifies hardenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of tänktsomwhosom · pronounsubject of skrämmerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
skrämmerfrightensskrämma · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on denbortawaybort · adverbdepends on skrämmerråttornathe ratsråttorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of skrämmerhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänktkattugglantawny owlkattuggla · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkttänktthoughttänka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentence"Whatever in the world can this be?"
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of föriini · prepositionpreposition marking världenallallall · determiner, common gender, singularpart of the phrase ivärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Vadkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fördetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of förvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to förförwhat kind offör · prepositionpreposition marking enenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrase- 10
"It's not a squirrel, not a kitten, not a weasel," she thought further.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with ekorreärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to ekorreintenotinte · particlemodifies ekorreenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ekorreekorresquirrelekorre · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseintenotinte · particlemodifies kattungeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kattungekattungekittenkattunge · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ekorreintenotinte · particlemodifies vesslaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vesslavesslaweaselvessla · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to kattungetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to ekorrehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktevidarefurthervidare · adverbmodifies tänkte "I thought that a bird who has lived as long as I have on an old manor house would know all there is to know in the world.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of troddetroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fågelenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fågelfågelbirdfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of troddesomwhosom · pronounsubject of haThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
såasså · adverbmodifies längelängeas long aslänge · adverbpart of the phrase somsomassom · pronounintroduces the clause of bottThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bottharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bottbottlivedbott · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking herrgårdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of herrgårdgammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies herrgårdherrgårdmanor househerrgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bottskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on fågelredafind outreda · adverbdepends on hapart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påknowpå · prepositionpreposition marking alltallteverythingall · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of hasomthatsom · pronounsubject of finnsThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
finnsthere isfinnas · verb, present, indicativerelative clause on alltiini · prepositionpreposition marking världenvärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of finnsBut this is beyond my understanding."
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of övergårövergåris beyondövergå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemittmyjag · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies förståndThis entry is really the possessive "mitt" (neuter agreement), mistagged under the lemma jag.
förståndsenseförstånd · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of övergårunderstanding/good sense, not the false-friend 'understanding' alone.
- 11
She had stared at the thing moving on the sanded paths until her eyes glowed.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stirrathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of stirratstirratstaredstirra · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencepåatpå · prepositiondepends on stirratdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase pådärtheredär · adverbmodifies stirratsomthatsom · pronounsubject of rördeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
rördemovedröra · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on stirratsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of rördepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sandgångarnasandgångarnathe sanded pathssandgångarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of rördetillsuntiltills · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of glöddeögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of glöddeglöddeglowedglö · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on stirrat At last curiosity had gotten the better of her, so that she had flown down to the ground to get a closer look at the stranger.
Slutligenfinallyslutligen · adverbmodifies tagithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tagitnyfikenhetencuriositynyfikenhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tagittagittakenta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceöverhandthe upper handöverhand · adverbdepends on tagitUsed in 'ta överhand' (to gain the upper hand/take over).
såsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of flugitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flugithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flugitflugitflownfluga · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on tagitnerdownner · adverbdepends on flugittilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flugitförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of seatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on flugitnärmareclosernära · adverbmodifies seType lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära.
påatpå · prepositionpreposition marking främmandedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of främmandefrämmandestrangefrämmande · adjective, nominativeoblique complement of se- 12
When the boy began to speak, the owl leaned forward and studied him.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of börjadepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on lutadetalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadelutadeleanedluta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceugglanowluggla · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lutadesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of lutadeframåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies lutadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbeskådadestudiedbeskåda · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lutadehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of beskådade "He has neither claws nor spines," she thought, "but who can know whether he doesn't have a poison fang, or some other, still more dangerous weapon?
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevarkenneithervarken · conjunctionlinks the coordinationklorclawskla · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of harModern headword is 'klo'; lemma appears truncated as 'kla'.
elleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtaggarspinestagg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with klortänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to harhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of vetakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of vetavetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with tänkteomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ägerhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ägerintenotinte · particlemodifies ägerägerownsäga · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of vetaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gifttandgifttandpoison fanggifttand · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ägerelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnågotsomenågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of annatannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with ägerännustillännu · adverbmodifies farligarefarligaremore dangerousfarlig · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies vapenvapenweaponsvapen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with ägerI'd better try to find out a little more about what he's made of before I risk myself against him."
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försökafårhad betterfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of försökaförsökato tryförsöka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tainfinitive marker before a verb.
tato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of försökaliteta littlelitet · adverbmodifies bättrebättrebetterbra · adverbmodifies taredafind outreda · adverbdepends on tapart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påaboutpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of gårvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of gårhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on taförworthför · prepositionmodifies gårinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vågarjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vågarvågardaresvåga · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gårmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of vågarpåagainstpå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vågar- 13
"The place is called Mårbacka," said the owl, "and gentlefolk used to live here, once upon a time.
Gårdenthe farmGård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of heterheteris calledheta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceMårbackaMårbackaMårbacka · proper noun, nominativesubject of hetersadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to heterugglanowluggla · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhärherehär · adverbmodifies bottharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bottbottlivedbott · verb, active, supinecoordinated with sadeherrskapgentlefolkherrskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of bottförrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies herrskapiini · prepositionpreposition marking tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förr But what sort of creature are you yourself?"
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phraseärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to vadduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vadsjälvyourselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying duförsort offör · prepositionpreposition marking enenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vad— "I'm thinking of moving here," said the boy, without answering the owl's question.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of funderarfunderaram thinkingfundera · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of flyttaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of flyttainfinitive marker before a verb.
flyttamoveflytta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on funderarhitherehit · adverbmodifies flyttasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to funderarpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of svaraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of svarainfinitive marker before a verb.
svarato answersvara · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sadepåansweringpå · prepositionpreposition marking frågaugglansthe owl'sugglans · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of frågafrågaquestionfråga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of svara"Do you think that could be managed?"
Trorthink/believeTror · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Trorattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gådetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gåkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of Trorförpossibleför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of gå— "Oh well, the place isn't up to much now, compared to what it once was," said the owl, "but one can certainly hold out here.
Åjaoh wellÅja · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on mycketInterjection meaning 'oh yes'; mistagged as noun.
intenotinte · particlemodifies mycketärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to mycketdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with mycketmycketmuchmycken · adverbhead of the phrasemedwithmed · prepositionpart of the phrase mycketställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase mednunownu · adverbmodifies mycketemotcompared toemot · adverbpart of the phrase mycketvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sadedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activepart of the phrase detvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinerelative clause on vadsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on mycketugglanowluggla · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnogcertainlynog · adverbmodifies härdakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of härdamanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of härdahärdahold outhärda · adverbcoordinated with sadeutoutut · adverbmodifies härdahärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase utIt mostly depends on what you mean to live on.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of berorberordependsbero · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejuafter allju · adverbmodifies berormestmostlymycket · adverbmodifies berorpåonpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of tänkervadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of tänkerduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkertänkerthinktänka · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on berorlevato liveleva · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tänkeravonav · prepositiondepends on levaDo you intend to take up rat-hunting?"
ÄmnarintendÄmnar · verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of slåduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slåslåtake upslå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of slåpåtake uppå · prepositionpreposition marking råttjaktråttjaktrat-huntingråttjakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slå— "No, not at all," said the boy.
Nejnonej · interjectionhead of the phraseförat allför · prepositionpreposition marking delallallall · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of deldelpartdel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Nejsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Nejpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade"There's more danger of the rats eating me up than of my doing them any harm."
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of faraärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to faramermoremycket · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies farafaradangerfara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
förofför · prepositionintroduces the clause of ätaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ätaråttornathe ratsråttorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of ätaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of ätaätaeatäta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on faraoppupoppa · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on ätaDialectal form of upp ("up"), a particle, not a finite verb; the parser mistagged it.
migmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of ätaänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of göraattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of görajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of göraskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of göragöradogöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on farademthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralindirect object of göranågonanynågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skadaskadaharmskada · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of göra- 14
"It can hardly be possible that he's really as harmless as he says," thought the tawny owl.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with möjligtkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of möjligtvälhardlyväl · adverbmodifies möjligtaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies möjligtvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to möjligtmöjligtpossiblemöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasehalf the examples (ch01-p27, ch04-p30) use the fixed idiom 'allt möjligt' = 'all sorts of/everything', not the literal 'possible' sense used in the other two.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ofarlighanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ofarligärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to ofarligsåasså · adverbmodifies ofarligofarligharmlessofarlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on möjligtsomassom · pronoundirect object of sägerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägersägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on möjligttänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemodifies kattugglankattugglanthe tawny owlkattugglan · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of säger "But I think I'll make an attempt all the same."
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceändåall the sameändå · adverbmodifies trorattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of görjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of görgördoesgöra · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of trorettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of försökförsökattemptförsök · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of görShe rose into the air, and in the next instant she had struck her claws into Nils Holgersson's shoulder and was pecking at his eyes.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höjdehöjderosehöjde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencealmost always reflexive höjde sig, 'rose (into the air)'.
sigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of höjdeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of höjdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiini · prepositionpreposition marking ögonblicknästanextnästa · adjective, nominativemodifies ögonblickögonblickmomentögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of slagithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slagithonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slagitslagitstruckslå · verb, active, supinecoordinated with höjdeklornathe clawsklorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of slagitiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking skuldraNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativepossessor of skuldraHolgerssonsHolgersson'sHolgersson · proper noun, genitivedepends on Nilsskuldrashoulderskuldra · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slagitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhackadepeckinghacka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with slagitefteratefter · prepositionpreposition marking ögonhanshishan · pronounpossessor of ögonögoneyesögon · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hackadeActually plural of 'öga' (eye); morphology tag mislabels number.
The boy put one hand up over his eyes and tried to free himself with the other.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattesattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
enaoneena · adjective, nominativemodifies sattehandenhandhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of satteföroverför · prepositionpreposition marking ögonenögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of satteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsöktetriedsöka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattegörafreegöra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of söktesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of görafrifreefri · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of göramedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking andradenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andraandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularoblique complement of göraAt the same time he shouted for help with all his strength.
Påatpå · prepositionpreposition marking gångsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of gånggångtimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ropaderopadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropadepåforpå · prepositionpreposition marking krafterhjälphelphjälp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase påavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking krafterallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of krafterkrafterstrengthkraft · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of ropadeHe realized he was in real mortal danger, and he told himself that this time, surely, it was the end of him.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märktemärktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of livsfarahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of livsfaravarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to livsfaraiini · prepositionpreposition marking livsfarariktigrealriktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies livsfaralivsfaramortal dangerlivsfara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of märkteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with märktetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of sadesjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sigattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slutdennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gångengångentimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slutvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to slutdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of slutvisstsurelyviss · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies slutslutendslut · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with sademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slut- 15
Now I must tell how strangely it happened that in that very year when Nils Holgersson was traveling about with the wild geese, there was a woman who went about thinking of writing a book about Sweden, one meant for children to read in the schools.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies talafårmustfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of talajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talatalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceomtellom · prepositionintroduces the clause of föllhurhowhur · adverbmodifies märkvärdigtmärkvärdigtstrangelymärkvärdig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on fölldetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with föllföllfellföll · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on talasigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of föllattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of åretjustjustjust · adverbmodifies åretdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of åretåretyearår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of taladåwhendå · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of människaNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativesubject of människaHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilsforwas travelingfor · prepositionmodifies NilsPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
omkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies vildgässenmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of forattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to människadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of människaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of människamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to åretsomwhosom · pronounsubject of gickThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
gickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on människaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickpåofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of skrivaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of skrivainfinitive marker before a verb.
skrivato writeskriva · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gickenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bokbokbookbok · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skrivaomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking SverigeSverigeSwedenSverige · proper noun, nominativemodifies boksomthatsom · pronounsubject of passaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
skullewas meant toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of passapassasuitablepassa · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on Sverigeförforför · prepositionpreposition marking barnbarnchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of passaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of läsainfinitive marker before a verb.
läsato readläsa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on passaiini · prepositionpreposition marking skolornaskolornaschoolsskola · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of läsa She had been thinking about this from Christmastime clear on into the autumn, but she had not gotten a single line of the book written, and at last she had grown so weary of the whole thing that she said to herself: "You're no good at this.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänkttänktthoughttänka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencepåaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of tänktfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking jultidenjultidenChristmastimejultid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies dettaändaclear onända · adverbmodifies höstentillintotill · prepositionpreposition marking höstenhöstenautumnhöst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of jultidenmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttintenotinte · particlemodifies fåttfåttgottenfå · verb, active, supinecoordinated with tänktenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of radradrowrad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies skrivenskrivenwrittenskriven · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on fåttpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking bokenbokenbookbok · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skrivenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies blivitsistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase tillhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivithonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinecoordinated with fåttsåsoså · adverbmodifies trötttrötttiredtrött · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitvidofvid · prepositionpreposition marking alltsammansalltsammansall of italltsammans · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blivitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sadehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blivittilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of sadesjälvherselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sigDetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of dugerhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase Detdugeris any goodduga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dugerintenotinte · particlemodifies dugertillattill · prepositiondepends on dugerSit yourself down and compose fairy tales and stories, as you're used to doing, and let someone else write this book, which has to be instructive and serious, and in which there mustn't be a single untrue word!"
Sättsit downsätt · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of Sättnerdownner · adverbdepends on Sättochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdiktacomposedikta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with nersagortalessaga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of Sättochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationberättelserstoriesberättelse · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with sagorsomassom · pronoundirect object of brukarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brukarbrukartends tobruka · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on sagorochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlåtletlåt · verb, imperative, activecoordinated with Sättenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of annanannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skrivaskrivato writeskriva · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låtdennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bokenbokenbookbok · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skrivasomwhichsom · pronounsubject of lärorikThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
måstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lärorikvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to läroriklärorikinstructivelärorik · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on bokenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationallvarligseriousallvarlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with lärorikochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärtheredär · adverbmodifies finnasdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnasintenotinte · particlemodifies finnasfårmustfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of finnasfinnasto existfinnas · verb, infinitivecoordinated with lärorikettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ordosantuntrueosant · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ordordwordord · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of finnas- 16
It was as good as settled that she would give up the undertaking, but she did feel that it would have been delightful to get to write something beautiful about Sweden, and she found it hard to let the work go.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of avgjortvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to avgjortsåasså · adverbmodifies avgjortgottvirtuallygod · adverbpart of the phrase såsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of avgjortavgjortsettledavgjort · adverbhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of övergehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of övergeskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of övergeövergeto give upöverge · verb, active, infinitivedepends on avgjortföretagetundertakingföretag · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of övergemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with övergejudidju · adverbmodifies tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of roligtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with roligtskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of roligthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of roligtvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to roligtroligtfunrolig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of tyckteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of skrivainfinitive marker before a verb.
fåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of skrivaskrivato writeskriva · verb, active, infinitivedepends on roligtnågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of vackertvackertbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of skrivaomifom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking SverigeSverigeSwedenSverige · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of skrivaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with roligtsvårtdifficultsvår · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of lämnainfinitive marker before a verb.
lämnaleavelämna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hadearbetetworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of lämnaifrånfromifrån · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of lämna At last it occurred to her that perhaps it was because she sat in a city with nothing but streets and house walls around her that she could not get the writing started.
Tillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies föllsistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase Tillföllfellföll · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of föllhenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of föllininin · adverbdepends on föllattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varkanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fölldärförbecausedärför · adverbmodifies varattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of satthonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of fölliini · prepositionpreposition marking stadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stadstadtownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbarajustbara · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattgatorstreetsgata · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhusväggarhouse wallshusvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with gatoromkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of hadesomthatsom · pronoundirect object of kommaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommaintenotinte · particlemodifies kommakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hadesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kommaiinto motioni · prepositionmodifies kommagångstartedgång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase imedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking skrivningenskrivningenthe writingskrivning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommaIf she went out into the countryside, where she could see forests and fields, it might go better.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of forehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of foreforewentfore · adverbadverbial clause on gåFore is a historical past subjunctive form of fara.
utoutut · adverbmodifies forepåintopå · prepositionpreposition marking landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of utdärtheredär · adverbmodifies sehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitivedepends on foreskogarforestsskog · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of seochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationåkrarfieldsåkra · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with skogarskullemightskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gådetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gåkanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencebättrebetterbra · adverbmodifies gå- 17
She was from Värmland, and it stood quite clear to her that she wanted to begin the book with that province.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking VärmlandVärmlandVärmlandVärmland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of varA Swedish province.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with varalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies klartklartclearklar · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of stodförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of börjahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of börjabörjato beginbörja · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stodbokenbookbok · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of börjamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking landskapetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of landskapetlandskapetprovincelandskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of börja And first and foremost she would tell about the place where she had grown up.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförstfirstförst · adverbmodifies berättaochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase förstfrämstfirst of allfrämst · adverbmodifies berättaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of berättahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of berättaberättato tellberätta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceomaboutom · prepositionintroduces the clause of ställetställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of berättadärtheredär · adverbmodifies vuxithonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vuxithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vuxitvuxitgrownväxa · verb, active, supinerelative clause on ställetuppupupp · adverbdepends on vuxitIt had been a small manor house, lying far from the world, where many old-fashioned customs and ways had been preserved.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with herrgårdhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of herrgårdvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to herrgårdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of herrgårdlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies herrgårdherrgårdmanor househerrgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomwhichsom · pronounsubject of legatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of legatlegatlainlegat · verb, active, supinedepends on herrgårdlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies ururout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking världenvärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of legatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärtheredär · adverbmodifies brukmångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies brukgammaldagsold-fashionedgammaldags · adjective, genitive, pluralmodifies brukbrukironworksbruk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of bibehållitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsedercustomssed · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with brukhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bibehållitbibehållithad been preservedbibehållit · verb, active, supinecoordinated with legatsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bibehållitShe had thought it would be a delight for children to hear about the manifold tasks that had followed one another all through the year.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänkttänktthoughttänka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of roligtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of roligtskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of roligtvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to roligtroligtfunrolig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of tänktförforför · prepositionpreposition marking barnbarnchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of roligtatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hörainfinitive marker before a verb.
hörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on roligtomaboutom · prepositiondepends on höradetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of sysslorSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
mångfaldigamanifoldmångfaldig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sysslorsysslortaskssyssla · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hörasomthatsom · pronounsubject of passive följtThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of följtföljtfollowedfölja · verb, active, supinerelative clause on sysslorpåone anotherpå · prepositionpreposition marking åretvarandraeach othervarandra · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies åretåretyearår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of följtruntaroundrunt · adverbmodifies åretShe wanted to tell them how they had celebrated Christmas and New Year and Easter and Midsummer back home, what sort of furniture and household things they had had, what it had looked like in the kitchen and the pantry, in the cowshed and the stable, in the barn and the bathhouse.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of talatalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceomtellom · prepositiondepends on talaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of talahurhowhur · adverbmodifies firatdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of firathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of firatfiratcelebratedfiraa · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on talajulChristmasjul · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of firatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnyårNew Yearnyår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with julochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpåskEasterpåsk · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with julochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmidsommarMidsummermidsommar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with julhemmaat homehemma · adverbmodifies firathoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hemmavadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of haftdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hafthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on firatförsort offör · prepositionpreposition marking möblermöblerfurnituremöbel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of haftochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhusgerådhousehold goodshusgeråd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with möblerhurhowhur · adverbmodifies settdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on haftutlookut · adverbdepends on settiini · prepositionpreposition marking kökkökkitchenkök · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of settochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvisthusbodpantryvisthusbod · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with kökiini · prepositionpreposition marking lagårdlagårdcow houselagård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of settochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstallstablestall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with lagårdiini · prepositionpreposition marking logelogethreshing barnloge · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of firatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbastubathhousebastu · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with logeBut when she meant to write about this, the pen would not stir.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skrivahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skrivaskullemeant toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skrivaskrivato writeskriva · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on röraomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of skrivavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of rörapennanthe penpenna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of röraintenotinte · particlemodifies rörarörastirröra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of röraShe could not at all understand what the reason for it was, but so it was, in any case.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förståkundecouldkunna · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förståraktat allrak · adverbmodifies förståintenotinte · particlemodifies förståförståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencevaravthe reasonvarav · adverbmodifies komdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on förståsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kommenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of såvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to såsåsoså · adverbcoordinated with förståiini · prepositionpreposition marking fallallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fallfallcasesfall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of så- 18
It was certainly true that she remembered all of it just as clearly as if she had still been living in the midst of it.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with santvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to santvisserligenindeedvisserligen · adverbmodifies santConcessive adverb, close to "it's true, but...".
santtruesant · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on santihågto mind (remember)ihåg · adverbdepends on komonly occurs in the fixed phrase komma ihåg 'to remember'.
alltallall · determiner, neuter, singularintroduces the clause of tydligtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase alltdärtheredär · adverbmodifies tydligtlikaequallylika · adverbmodifies tydligttydligtcleartydlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies komsomassom · pronounsubject of levatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadeännustillännu · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on levatlevatlivedlevat · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on santmittiblandright amongmittibland · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies levatFunctions as the preposition 'mittibland' (right in the midst of), mistagged as a noun.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of levat But she told herself that since she was going to travel out to the countryside anyway, she ought perhaps to go to the old estate and look at it once more before she wrote about it.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of sadesjälvherselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sigattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of resaeftersomsinceeftersom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of resahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of resaändåanywayändå · adverbmodifies resaskullewas going toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of resaresato travelresa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of sadeutoutut · adverbdepends on resatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of utbordeought toböra · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of faraBare borde is simple past modal ("ought to"/"should"); the perfect sense ("ought to have") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth ("borde släppa taget") has no ha and translates as plain "ought to."
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of farakanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies farafaragofara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularparallel clause to sadesome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking gårdendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gårdengamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gårdengårdenestategård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies faraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationseseese · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with farapåatpå · prepositiondepends on sedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of seänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gångenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on seinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skrevhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skrevskrevwroteskriva · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on seomaboutom · prepositiondepends on skrevdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of skrevShe had not been there for many years, and she did not mind having a reason to travel there.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitintenotinte · particlemodifies varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencedärtheredär · adverbmodifies varitpåforpå · prepositionpreposition marking årmångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies åråryearsår · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of varitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with varitintenotinte · particlemodifies tyckteillabadlyilla · adverbmodifies tyckteomtoom · prepositionintroduces the clause of fåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fåhavefå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tyckteenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of anledninganledningreasonanledning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of resainfinitive marker before a verb.
resato travelresa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fådittheredit · adverbmodifies resaIn truth she longed for it, wherever in the world she happened to be.
Egentligenin truthegentligen · adverbmodifies längtadelängtadelongedlängta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of längtadedittheredit · adverbmodifies längtadevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activedepends on befanniini · prepositionpreposition marking världenvärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of varhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of befannänwhereverän · adverbmodifies befannbefannhappened to bebefanna · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to längtadeReflexive 'befann sig' means 'was located/found himself'; lemma should be 'befinna'.
sigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of befannShe saw clearly enough that other places were both more beautiful and better, but nowhere could she find such security and comfort as she had known in her childhood home.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenogclearly enoughnog · adverbmodifies sågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of voroandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies platserplatserplacesplats · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vorovorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, singularclausal complement of sågPast plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective.
bådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvackraremore beautifulvackr · adjective, nominative, comparativecoordinated with voroochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativecoordinated with vackraremenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finnakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of finnaingenstansnowhereingenstans · adverbauxiliary of finnafinnafindfinna · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with voroenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of trygghetsådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies trygghetsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
trygghetsecuritytrygghet · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of finnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtrevnadcomforttrevnad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with trygghetsomassom · pronoundirect object of käntThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of känthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of käntkäntknownkänt · verb, active, supinerelative clause on trygghetiini · prepositionpreposition marking barndomshemsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of barndomshempossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
barndomshemchildhood homebarndomshem · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of känt- 19
It was not, however, so simple a matter for her to go home as one might think, for the estate had been sold to people she did not know.
EmellertidhoweverEmellertid · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to sakdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sakintenotinte · particlemodifies sakenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of saksåsoså · adverbmodifies lättlättsimplelätt · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies saksakthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseförforför · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sakatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of farainfinitive marker before a verb.
farago homefara · verb, active, infinitivedepends on sakhemhomehem · adverbmodifies farasomassom · pronoundirect object of troThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
manoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trokundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trotrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on faraförforför · prepositionpreposition marking gårdengårdenestategård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of faravarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to såldsåldsoldsåld · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying gårdentilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of såldsomwhomsom · pronoundirect object of kändeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändeintenotinte · particlemodifies kändekändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on människor She supposed they would receive her well enough, but she did not want to come to the old place in order to sit and talk with strangers, but rather to be able to truly remind herself of how it had been there in the old days.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenogsupposednog · adverbmodifies tänkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of taskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of tänktevälwellväl · adverbmodifies taemotreceiveemot · prepositiondepends on tahenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of tamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommaintenotinte · particlemodifies kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with tatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ställetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ställetgamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies ställetställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommaförin order toför · prepositionintroduces the clause of sittaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sittainfinitive marker before a verb.
sittato sitsitta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kommaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sittamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking främmandefrämmandestrangefrämmande · adjective, nominativeadverbial clause on sittautanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
förin order toför · prepositionintroduces the clause of påminnaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of påminnainfinitive marker before a verb.
riktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies påminnakunnato be able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of påminnapåminnato remindpåminna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kommasigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of påminnahurhowhur · adverbmodifies förrdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of förrhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förrvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to förrdärtheredär · adverbmodifies förrförrbeforeförr · adverbadverbial clause on påminnaiini · prepositionpreposition marking tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förrFor that reason she arranged it so that she would arrive late one evening, when the work was done and the people were indoors.
Fördenskullfor that reasonfördenskull · adverbmodifies ställdeställdearrangedställa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ställdesåsoså · adverbmodifies ställdetillabouttill · prepositionpart of the phrase såattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of ställdedittheredit · adverbdepends on kommasentlatesen · adverbmodifies enenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kvällkvälleveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kommadåwhendå · adverbmodifies slutarbetetworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of slutvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to slutslutendslut · noun, nominative, neuter, singularrelative clause on kvällochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfolketpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of befannbefannwerebefanna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with slutReflexive 'befann sig' means 'was located/found himself'; lemma should be 'befinna'.
sigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedepends on befanninomhusindoorsinomhus · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of befann- 20
She had never believed it would feel so strange to come home.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trotthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trottaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies trotttrottbelievedtrott · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of underligtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with underligtskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of underligtvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to underligtsåsoså · adverbmodifies underligtunderligtstrangeunderlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of trottatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivedepends on underligthemhomehem · adverbmodifies komma As she sat in the carriage and drove toward the old estate, she felt that with every minute she was growing younger and younger, and soon she was no longer an old woman with graying hair, but a little girl in short skirts with a long, flax-white braid.
Medanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of satthonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tyckteiini · prepositionpreposition marking vagnenvagnencarriagevagn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkördedroveköra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattframforwardfram · adverbdepends on kördemottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking gårdendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gårdengamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gårdengårdenestategård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kördetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blevhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevförwithför · prepositionintroduces the clause of blevvarwasvara · determiner, common gender, singulardepends on blevmistagged as a determiner; the surface 'var' here is the past tense of vara 'to be'.
minutminuteminut · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of tycktealltallall · adverbmodifies yngreyngreyoungerung · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationyngreyoungerung · adjective, nominative, comparativecoordinated with yngreochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blevhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varintenotinte · particlemodifies mermerlongermycket · adverbmodifies varenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of människagammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies människamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of varmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hårhårhairhår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of varsomthatsom · pronounsubject of börjadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
börjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on hårgrånato turn graygråna · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of börjadeutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of töslitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies töstösgirltös · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blevmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking kjolarkortashortkort · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kjolarkjolarskirtskjoel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies tösochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with kjolarlinvitflax-whitelinvit · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with långflätabraidfläta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevAs she sat there recognizing every single farm along the road, she could soon believe nothing else but that everything at home would be just as it had once been in the world.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of satthonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fådärtheredär · adverbdepends on sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattigenagainigen · adverbdepends on kändevarendaevery singlevarenda · determiner, singulardeterminer of gårdgårdfarmgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kändeutmedalongutmed · prepositionpreposition marking vägenvägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gårdkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies fåintenotinte · particlemodifies fåfåbelievefå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceförbelieveför · prepositiondepends on fåsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativepart of the phrase förannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase föränthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of .attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase änallteverythingall · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase ändärhemmaback homedärhemma · conjunctionlinks the coordinationBackbone mistags this as a conjunction; it is the adverb 'at home/back home'.
skullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varavarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with alltsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of varaliktthe samelikd · adverbcomplement of varaIn the idiom 'vara sig likt' (to remain the same).
somassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förrförrbeforeförr · adverbclause modifying alltiini · prepositionpreposition marking världenvärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förrFather and mother and siblings would stand on the steps to receive her, the old housekeeper would hurry to the kitchen window to see who was coming driving up, and Nero and Freja and a couple more dogs would come rushing and jump up on her.
Farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ståochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Farochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsyskonsiblingssyskon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with Farskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ståståstandstå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking trappantrappanthe staircasetrappan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ståochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtato taketa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with ståemotreceiveemot · adverbdepends on tahenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of tadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hushållerskangamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies hushållerskanhushållerskanthe housekeeperhushållerska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skyndaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skyndaskyndato hurryskynda · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with ståtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking köksfönstretköksfönstretthe kitchen windowköksfönstr · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of skyndaförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of seatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skyndaeftercheckefter · prepositionintroduces the clause of komvemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singulardepends on komsomthatsom · pronounsubject of komThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
komcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on seåkanderidingåka · adjective, nominativedirect object of komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationNeroNeronero · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationFrejaFrejaFreja · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Neroochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hundarhundardogshund · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of komtillmoretill · prepositionintroduces the clause of kommaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveoblique complement of komrusanderushingrusa · adjective, nominativedirect object of kommaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhoppajumphoppa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kommauppupupp · adverbdepends on hoppapåup onpå · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hoppa- 21
The nearer she came to the estate, the happier she grew.
Jutheju · conjunctionmodifies mermermoremycket · adverbmodifies honhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive nalkadesnalkadesdrew nearnalka · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentencegårdenestategård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive nalkadesdestothedesto · adverbmodifies gladaregladarehappierglad · adjective, nominative, comparativedepends on blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to nalkadeshonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blev It was autumn now, and a busy season of many tasks lay ahead, but it was precisely the abundance of tasks that made things never dull or monotonous back home.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of höstvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to hösthöstautumnhöst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasenunownu · adverbmodifies höstochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with förestodförestodwas in store forförestå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with höstenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidarbetsambusyarbetsam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förestodmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sysslorenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of massamassaa mass ofmassa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sysslorsysslortaskssyssla · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies tidmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of mängdenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to mängdenvälprobablyväl · adverbmodifies varjustjustjust · adverbmodifies mängdenmängdena great manymängd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with förestodavofav · prepositionpreposition marking sysslorsysslortaskssyssla · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies mängdensomthatsom · pronounsubject of gjordeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
gjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on sysslorattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blevdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blevaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeclause modifying mängdentråkigtboringtråkig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of blevelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenformigtmonotonousenformig · adverbcoordinated with tråkigtdärhemmaback homedärhemma · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of blevShe had seen along the way that people were busy digging up potatoes, and no doubt they were doing the same at her home, so the first order of business now would be grating potatoes and making potato flour.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceunderalongunder · prepositionpreposition marking vägenvägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of settattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of höllfolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of höllhöllwere busyhålla · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of settpåbusypå · prepositiondepends on höllatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tainfinitive marker before a verb.
tato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hölluppupupp · adverbdepends on tapotatispotatoespotatis · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of taochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with settdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gjordenogno doubtnog · adverbmodifies gjordeocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies gjordeiati · prepositionpreposition marking hemhennesherhon · pronounpossessor of hempossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
hemhomehem · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gjordesåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of blevattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sånunownu · adverbmodifies blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gjordedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of blevförfirstför · prepositionpreposition marking förstadetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of förstaförstafirsten · adjective, nominativeoblique complement of blevsurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of rivainfinitive marker before a verb.
rivatearriva · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of blevpotatispotatoespotatis · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of rivaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlagamakinglaga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with rivapotatismjölpotato starchpotatismjöl · noundirect object of rivaIt had been a mild autumn.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of hösthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of höstvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to höstenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of höstmildmildmild · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hösthöstautumnhöst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseShe could well wonder whether everything had already been gathered in from the garden.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undrakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of undrajustjustjust · adverbmodifies undraundrato wonderundra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tillvaratagetalltallall · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of tillvaratagetredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies tillvaratagetvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tillvaratagettillvaratagetgathered intillvaratag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of undraifromi · prepositionpreposition marking trädgårdenträdgårdengardenträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tillvaratagetThe cabbage, at least, would surely still be standing out.
Kålencabbagekål · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodåtminstoneat leaståtminstone · adverbmodifies stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies stodännustillännu · adverbmodifies stoduteoutsideute · adverbmodifies stodAnd had the hops been picked, and all the apples taken down, she wondered?
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmånneI wondermånne · adverbmodifies humlenhumlenthe hopshuml · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of plockadvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to plockadplockadpickedplocka · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of äpplenäpplenapplesäpple · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with plockadnertagnataken downnertagen · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on plockad- 22
It would be all right if they hadn't had a great deal of bustle at home, for it was drawing near the time for the autumn market.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceanall rightan · adverbdepends on gickUsed only in the fixed idiom 'gå an' meaning 'to be all right/permitted'.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadeintenotinte · particlemodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gickstorstökgreat bustlestorstök · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadehemmaat homehemma · adverbmodifies storstökförforför · prepositionpreposition marking leddetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ledleddrawing nearled · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with hadeSecond example 'när det led mot kvällen' = 'as evening drew near' is the verb lida ('led' = past tense), not the noun led — mistagged here.
motnearmot · prepositionpreposition marking tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ledförforför · prepositionpreposition marking höstmarknadenhöstmarknadenthe autumn markethöstmarknad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tiden Everything was supposed to be swept and neat everywhere for the market.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of fejatskullewas supposed toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fejatvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to fejatfejatsweptfeja · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfintneatfin · adverbcoordinated with fejatöverallteverywhereöverallt · adverbmodifies fejattillfortill · prepositionpreposition marking marknadenmarknadenmarketmarknad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of överalltIt was reckoned a great festival, above all by the servants.
Deniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of passive räknadesräknadeswas reckonedräknaa · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentencesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of högtidenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of högtidstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies högtidhögtidfestivalhögtid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of räknadesframförin front offramför · prepositionmodifies tjänstfolketallteverythingall · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase framföravbyav · prepositionpreposition marking tjänstfolkettjänstfolketthe servantstjänstfolket · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of räknadesIt also used to be a pleasure, on market eve, to come into the kitchen and see the freshly scrubbed, juniper-strewn floor, the whitewashed walls, and the shining copper pots under the ceiling.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with brukadebrukadeused tobruka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies glädjevarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to glädjeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of glädjeglädjejoyglädje · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of brukadepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking marknadsaftonenmarknadsaftonenmarket evemarknadsafton · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of glädjeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying marknadsaftonenutoutut · adverbdepends on kommaiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking köketköketkitchenkök · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationseseese · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kommadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of nyskuradenyskuradefreshly scrubbednyskura · adjective, nominative, singulardirect object of seenrisadejuniper-strewnenrisa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with segolvetfloorgolv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of enrisadedetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of väggarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vitlimmadewhitewashedvitlimma · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies väggarnaväggarnawallsvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of seochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of kopparkärlenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
blankagleamingblank · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kopparkärlenkopparkärlenthe copper potskopparkärl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with väggarnaunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking takettaketrooftak · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of se- 23
Nor would there be much peace either, once the market festivities were over.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies bliskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blidetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencelångmuchlång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies roropeacero · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blihellereitherheller · adverbmodifies blisedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of övermarknadsfirandetthe market festivitiesmarknadsfirande · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of övervarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to överöveroveröver · adverbadverbial clause on bli Then they would have to get down to the flax-breaking.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies fingefingemight get tofinge · verb, past, subjunctive, activemain verb of the sentenceArchaic past subjunctive of få ("to get/be allowed").
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fingetillget down totill · adverbdepends on tamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking linbråkningenlinbråkningenthe flax-breakinglinbråkning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of taLinbråkning is the breaking of flax stalks during fiber preparation.
The flax had lain spread out on a meadow through the dog days of summer to be retted.
Linetthe flaxLin · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of legathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of legatunderthroughunder · prepositionpreposition marking rötmånadenrötmånadenthe dog daysrötmånad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of legatlegatlainlega · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceSupine of 'ligga' (to lie); lemma should be 'ligga'.
utbrettspread oututbre · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of legatpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking ängenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ängängmeadowäng · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of legatförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of rötasatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of rötasinfinitive marker before a verb.
rötasto be rettedröta · verb, passive, infinitiveadverbial clause on legatNow it was brought into the old bathhouse, and the great bathhouse stove was fired up, so that it would dry.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies ladesladeswas placedla · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of passive ladesininin · adverbdepends on ladesiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking bastundenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bastungamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies bastunbastunthe bathhousebastun · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ladesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bastu-ugnenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies bastu-ugnenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
bastu-ugnenthe bathhouse stovebastu-ugn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive eldadeseldadeswas fired upeldades · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with ladesförso thatför · prepositionintroduces the clause of torkaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase fördetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of torkaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of torkatorkadrytorka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on eldadesAnd when it was dry enough, all the women of the neighborhood were called together on a given day.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of torrtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of torrtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to torrttillräckligtsufficientlytillräcklig · adverbmodifies torrttorrtdrytorr · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on kalladeskalladeswas calledkallaa · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentenceSurface kallades, passive past of kalla, 'to call/name'.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kvinnorallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of kvinnorkvinnorwomenkvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive kalladesiofi · prepositionpreposition marking grannskapetgrannskapetthe neighborhoodgrannskape · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kalladestillsammanstogethertillsammans · adverbmodifies grannskapetThey sat themselves down outside the bathhouse and began to break up the flax.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of slogoslogosat downslogo · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceArchaic plural preterite of slå; tagged present but functions as past tense.
sigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of slogonerdownner · adverbmodifies slogoutanföroutsideutanför · prepositionpreposition marking bastunbastunbathhousebastu · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with slogobråkabreak upbråka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadesönderapart/brokensönder · adverbdepends on bråkalinetthe flaxlin · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of bråkaThen they beat it with swingles to draw out the fine, white fibers from the dry stalks.
Sedanthensedan · adverbmodifies slogoslogobeatslogo · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceArchaic plural preterite of slå; tagged present but functions as past tense.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of slogodetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of slogomedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking skäktorskäktorswinglesskäktor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slogoA skäkta is a wooden tool used to dress flax.
förtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of fåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fådraw outfå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on slogoframforwardfram · adverbdepends on fådetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of finaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
finafinefin · adjective, nominative, pluraldirect object of fåvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tågornatågornathe fiberstågorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralin apposition to finaurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking stjälkarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of stjälkarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
torradrytorr · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stjälkarnastjälkarnathe stalksstjälkare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies tågornaDuring the work the women turned gray with dust.
Underduringunder · prepositionpreposition marking arbetetarbetetworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of blevoblevobecameblevo · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencelemma should be bli 'to become'; blevo is the archaic plural past tense (they became).
kvinnornawomenkvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcomplement of blevogråagraygrå · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying kvinnornaavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking dammdammponddamm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kvinnornaTheir hair and clothes were covered with flax shives, but they were just as merry for all that.
Derastheirde · pronounpossessor of hårpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
hårhairhår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of passive övertäcktesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkläderclotheskläder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with hårövertäckteswere coveredövertäcktes · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentenceavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking skävorskävorflax shivesskäva · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralagent of övertäcktesmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyen · determiner, pluralsubject of gladaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralpart of the phrase dearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
likaequallylika · adverbmodifies gladagladagladglad · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with övertäcktesändåfor all thatändå · adverbmodifies gladaAll day long the swingles clattered and the talk went on, so that as one drew near the old bathhouse, it sounded as though a roaring storm had been raging there.
Helawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slamradeslamradeclatteredslamra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceskäktornathe swinglesskäktorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of slamradeA skäkta is a wooden tool used to dress flax.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpratetthe talkprate · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with slamradesåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of nalkadesattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sånärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of nalkadesmanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive nalkadesnalkadesdrew nearnalka · verb, past, indicative, passiveadverbial clause on gickdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bastungamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies bastunbastunthe bathhousebastun · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive nalkadeslätsoundedlät · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with slamradedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lätsomthatsom · pronounsubject of hållitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omas ifom · prepositionpreposition marking oväderettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of oväderbrusanderushingbrusa · adjective, nominativemodifies oväderpresent participle of brusa, 'to roar/rush'; tagged as adjective in this parse.
oväderstormoväd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hållitskullehad beenskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållithahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of hållithållitbeen raginghålla · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on lätSurface "hållit" spans several idioms in this book: literal "held" (hållit trogen vakt = kept faithful watch), "hållit ut" (held out/endured), "hållit på" (had been -ing, continuous aspect), and "hållit sig" (stayed/remained). A single fixed gloss of "held" misrenders the hållit på / hållit sig examples.
tillabouttill · prepositiondepends on hållitdärtheredär · adverbmodifies hållit- 24
After the work with the flax came the great rye-bread baking, the sheep-shearing, and the maidservants' moving day.
Efterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking arbetetarbetetworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking linetlinetthe flaxlin · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies arbetetkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of knäckebrödsbaketstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies knäckebrödsbaketweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
knäckebrödsbaketthe crispbread bakingknäckebrödsbaket · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of komfårklippningenthe sheep-shearingfårklippning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with knäckebrödsbaketochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpigflyttningenmaidservants' moving daypigflyttning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with knäckebrödsbaketHistorically, farm servants changed positions on an appointed annual moving day.
In November came busy slaughtering days with meat-salting and sausage-stuffing and blood-bread baking and candle-dipping.
Iini · prepositionpreposition marking novembernovemberNovembernovember · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förestodoförestodolay aheadförestodo · verb, present, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentenceHistorical plural past form of förestå.
arbetsammabusyarbetsamm · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies slaktedagarslaktedagarslaughtering daysslaktedag · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive förestodomedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking köttsaltningköttsaltningmeat-saltingköttsaltning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förestodoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkorvstoppningsausage stuffingkorvstoppning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with köttsaltningochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpaltbrödsbakblood-bread bakingpaltbrödsbak · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with köttsaltningochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationljusstöpningcandle-dippingljusstöpning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with köttsaltningThe seamstress, who used to sew their homespun woolen dresses, would surely also be coming around that time, and it was a pleasant couple of weeks when the household sat together busy with sewing.
Sömmerskanthe seamstresssömmerskan · proper noun, nominativesubject of sysomwhosom · pronounsubject of brukadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
brukadeused tobruka · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Sömmerskansyto sewsy · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencederastheirde · pronounpossessor of ylleklänningarpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
hemmavävdahomespunhemmavävd · adjective, nominativemodifies ylleklänningarylleklänningarwoolen dressesylleklänning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of syskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommavälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies kommaocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with syvidaroundvid · prepositionpreposition marking tidendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of veckorvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to veckorettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies veckortrevligapleasanttrevlig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies veckorveckorweeksvecka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with sydåwhendå · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of satthusfolkethouseholdhusfolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on veckortillsammanstogethertillsammans · adverbdepends on sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsyssladeworkedsyssla · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with sattmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sömnadsömnadsewingsömnad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of syssladeThe shoemaker, who made footwear for the whole household, sat at the same time out in the farmhands' chamber working away, and one could never tire of watching how he cut the leather and soled and heeled it and set rings into the lace-holes.
Skomakarenshoemakerskomakare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsomwhosom · pronounsubject of gjordeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
gjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Skomakarenskodonfootwearskodon · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of gjordeåtforåt · prepositionpreposition marking hushållethelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies hushållethushålletthe householdhushåll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gjordesattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesamtidigtat the same timesamtidig · adverbmodifies bortabortaout inborta · adverbmodifies sattpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking drängstu-kammarendrängstu-kammarenthe farmhands' chamberdrängstu-kammaren · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationarbetadeworkedarbeta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blikundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blialdrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with satttrötttiredtrött · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bliatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitivedepends on blipåwatchingpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of skarhurhowhur · adverbmodifies skarhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skarskarcutska · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on seThe backbone lemma/morphology are mistagged; surface 'skar' is actually the past tense of skära (to cut), not a form of ska (shall).
tillouttill · prepositionpreposition marking lädretlädretthe leatherlädr · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of skarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsuladesoledsula · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with skarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationklackadeheeledklacka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with suladeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with skarpast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
ininin · adverbdepends on satteringarringsring · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of satteiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking snörhålensnörhålenthe lace holessnörhål · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of satte- 25
But the greatest rush of all would come as Christmas drew near.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of brådskanstörstabiggeststor · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies brådskanbrådskanhastebrådska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceframemottowardframemot · adverbmodifies juljulChristmasjul · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komma Lucia Day, when the chambermaid went about dressed in white with candles in her hair and offered everyone coffee at five in the morning, came as a signal that for the next two weeks they could count on very little sleep.
Lucia-dagenLucia DayLucia-dag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasedåwhendå · subordinating conjunctionmodifies gickkammarjungfrunthe chambermaidkammarjungfru · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Lucia-dagenomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies vitkläddvitklädddressed in whitevitklädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gickmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ljusljuslightljus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies vitkläddiini · prepositionpreposition marking hårethårethairhår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ljusochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbjödofferedbjöd · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of bjödpåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking kaffekaffecoffeekaffe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies människorklockanfive o'clockklocka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies femfemfivefem · numeral, nominativeoblique complement of bjödpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking morgonenmorgonenmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of femdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Lucia-dagenjustjustjust · adverbmodifies teckensomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of teckenettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of teckenteckensigntecken · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of komtilloftill · prepositionintroduces the clause of göraattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of göradetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of veckornaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
nästanextnästa · adjective, nominativemodifies veckornatvåtwotvå · numeral, nominativequantifies veckornaveckornaweeksvecko · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of görakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of göradetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of göraintenotinte · particlemodifies göragöracountgöra · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying teckensigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of göraräkningcount onräkning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of görapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sömnmyckenmuchmycken · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sömnsömnsleepsömn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of göraNow there was ale to be brewed and fish to be lyed and the Christmas baking and cleaning to be seen to.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bryggainfinitive marker before a verb.
bryggato brewbrygga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hadejulölChristmas alejulöl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bryggaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlutalye-cureluta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with julölfiskfishfisk · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lutaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationställato see toställa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with julölmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking julbakjulbakChristmas bakingjulbak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ställaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjulrengöringChristmas cleaningjulrengöring · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with julbak- 26
She stood in the middle of the baking, with Christmas buns and little cookie sheets all around her, when the coachman drew in the horses at the start of the avenue, as she had asked him to do.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemittin the middlemitt · adverbdepends on stodiini · prepositionpreposition marking baketbaketthe bakingbak · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stodmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking julkusarjulkusarChristmas bunsjulkus · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmåbrödsplåtarcookie sheetssmåbrödsplåte · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with julkusaromkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of småbrödsplåtardåwhendå · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of höllskjutskarlenthe coachmanskjutskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllhöllreined inhålla · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on stodininin · adverbdepends on höllhästarnahorseshäst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of höllvidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking börjanbörjanbeginningbörjan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of höllavofav · prepositionpreposition marking allénallénthe avenueallén · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies börjanDespite the plural tag, surfaces as the singular definite 'allén' (the avenue/tree-lined lane) in all examples.
somassom · pronoundirect object of bettThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of betthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bettbettaskedbeda · verb, active, supinerelative clause on börjanSupine of be "to ask".
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of görahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of göraskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of göragöradogöra · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of bett She gave a start, like someone waking with a jolt.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sprattsprattgave a startspratt · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetillsuddenlytill · prepositionintroduces the clause of yrvakensomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of yrvakenenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singulardeterminer of yrvakenyrvakensomeone just awakenedyrvaken · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sprattIt felt eerie to sit alone this late in the evening, for one who had just been dreaming herself surrounded by all her own.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with hemsktvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to hemskthemsktdreadfulhemskt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sittainfinitive marker before a verb.
sittato sitsitta · verb, active, infinitivedepends on hemsktensamaloneensam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sittaiini · prepositionpreposition marking kvällensenalatesen · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies kvällenkvälleneveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sittaförforför · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sittasomwhosom · pronounsubject of drömtThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
nyssjust nownyss · adverbmodifies drömthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of drömtdrömtdreameddröma · verb, active, supinedepends on hemsktsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of drömtomgivensurroundedomgiven · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of drömtavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking sinaallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of sinadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of sinaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
sinaher ownsig · pronoun, pluralmodifies omgivenAs she stepped down from the carriage and began walking down the avenue in order to come unnoticed to her old home, she felt the difference between then and now so heavily that she would rather have turned back.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of steghonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stegstegstepped downsteg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kändeurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking vagnenvagnencarriagevagn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stegochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with steggågogå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadeneråtdownwardneråt · adverbdepends on gåallénthe avenueallén · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of gåDespite the plural tag, surfaces as the singular definite 'allén' (the avenue/tree-lined lane) in all examples.
förin order toför · prepositionintroduces the clause of kommaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gåobemärktunnoticedobemärk · adverbdepends on kommatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking hemsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of hempossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
gamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies hemhemhomehem · adverboblique complement of kommakändefeltkändäge · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceSurface 'kände' is past tense of 'känna' (to feel); the lemma 'kändäge' is a parser artifact.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändeskillnadendifferenceskillnad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändesåsoså · adverbmodifies tungtungheavytung · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of kändemellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking förrförrbeforeförr · adverboblique complement of tungochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbcoordinated with kändeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of velathonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of velathelstrathergärna · adverbmodifies velatType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of velatvelatwantedvela · verb, active, supineclausal complement of kändelemma should be vilja 'to want'; velat is its supine form.
vändato turnvända · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of velatombackom · prepositionpreposition marking vända"What's the use of coming here?
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on tjänartjänaris usefultjäna · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tjänartillfortill · prepositionintroduces the clause of kommaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tjänarhitherehit · adverbmodifies kommaIt surely can't be as it was in the old days," she thought.
Härherehär · adverbmodifies varakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varajusurelyju · adverbmodifies varaändåsurelyändå · adverbmodifies varaintenotinte · particlemodifies varavarabevara · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tidernaiini · prepositionpreposition marking tidernadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of tidernaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
gamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tidernatidernatimestid · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcomplement of varatänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to varahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkte- 27
But she felt that, now that she had come this far, she might as well see the place after all, and she walked on, though she felt sadder with every step she took.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of senärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommithonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommitnunownu · adverbmodifies kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sesåthisså · adverbmodifies långtlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies kommitskullemight as wellskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sevälmight as wellväl · adverbmodifies seändåafter alländå · adverbmodifies seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of tyckteställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on seochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fortforfortforwent onfortfor · adverbcoordinated with seMistagged as adverb; this is the past tense of the verb 'fortfara', meaning 'continued/went on'.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gåinfinitive marker before a verb.
gågogå · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of fortforframåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies gåfastänalthoughfastän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kändehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändekändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kändemeramoremycket · adverbmodifies sorgsensorgsensorrowfulsorgse · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of kändeförwithför · prepositionintroduces the clause of stegvartwherevart · adverbmodifies stegstegrosestiga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kändehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stegtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kände - 28
She had heard it said that the estate would be much decayed and changed, and no doubt it was.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörthörtheardhöra · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesägasto be saidsäga · verb, passive, infinitivecomplement of hörtattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förfallengårdenestategård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förfallenskullewas said toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förfallenvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to förfallenmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies förfallenförfallendecayedförfallen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to sägasochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförändradchangedförändra · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with förfallenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hörtdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularpart of the phrase varvälno doubtväl · adverbmodifies varocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies var But she could not tell it now, in the evening.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of märkakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of märkahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märkaintenotinte · particlemodifies märkamärkato noticemärka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies märkapåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking kvällenkvälleneveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of märkaShe felt rather that everything was just as it had been.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesnararerathersnarare · adverbmodifies tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of liktallteverythingall · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of liktvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activepart of the phrase alltsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativepart of the phrase alltliktas it had beenlikt · adverbadverbial clause on tyckteThere was the pond, which in her youth had been full of crucian carp that no one dared fish for, because father wanted those carp left to go their own way, wherever they went.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadedammenponddamm · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadesomwhichsom · pronounsubject of fullThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking ungdomhennesherhon · pronounpossessor of ungdompossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
ungdomyouthungdom · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fullhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fullvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to fullfullfullfull · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on dammenmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking rudorrudorcrucian carpruda · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of fullsomthatsom · pronounsubject of fiskaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of vågadevågadedaredvåga · verb, past, indicative, activemodifies fiskafiskato fishfisk · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on rudordärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of villeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därförfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villevillewantedvilja · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fiskaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gådetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gårudornathe carprudorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies gåskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåfåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fiskaiin peacei · prepositionpreposition marking fredfredpeacefred · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gådärtheredär · adverbmodifies gingodetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of gingosurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
gingowentgingo · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on gåPast plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective.
There stood the farmhands' cottage and the shed and the stable, with the porridge-bell over one gable and the weathervane over the other.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies drängstuganvorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, singulardepends on drängstuganPast plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective.
drängstuganthe farmhands' cottagedrängstuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of andraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbodenshedbod · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with drängstugan'Bod' means a farm outbuilding/storehouse in rural contexts, and 'shop' in a town street.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstalletstablestall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with drängstuganmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking gavelnvällingklockanporridge bellvällingklockan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase medöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking gavelnenaoneena · adjective, nominativemodifies gavelngavelngablegavel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stalletochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationväderflöjelnweathervaneväderflöjel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with gavelnöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking andradenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andraandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularhead of the phraseAnd the forecourt in front of the manor house was still enclosed all around, without a view in any direction, just as it had been in father's day, for he had never had the heart to cut down so much as a single bush.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgårdsplanencourtyardgårdsplan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rumframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking boningshusetboningshusetdwelling houseboningshus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies gårdsplanenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to rumalltjämtstillalltjämt · adverbmodifies varsomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of rumettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of rumkringstängtenclosedkringstäng · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies rumrumroomrum · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseutanwithoututan · prepositionpreposition marking utsiktutsiktviewutsikt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with rumåtinåt · prepositionpreposition marking hållnågotanynågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of hållhålldirectionhåll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of rumsåsomassåsom · adverbintroduces the clause of tiddenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of tidhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tidvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to tidiini · prepositionpreposition marking tidfarsfather'sfar · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rumförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of hafthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hafthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of haftintenotinte · particlemodifies hafthafthadha · verb, active, supineclause modifying tidhjärtahearthjärta · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of haftatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of huggainfinitive marker before a verb.
huggato chophugga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on haftbortawaybort · adverbdepends on huggasåsoså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies huggasomassom · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase mycketenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of buskebuskebushbuske · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hugga- 29
She had stopped in the shadow beneath the great maple by the entrance to the estate and stood looking about her.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stannathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of stannatstannatstayedstanna · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceiini · prepositionmodifies stannatskugganshadowskugga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iunderbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking lönnendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lönnenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies lönnenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
lönnenmaplelönn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stannatvidbyvid · prepositionpreposition marking inkörselninkörselnthe drivewayinkörsel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lönnentilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking gårdengårdenestategård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies inkörselnochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stannatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodpast tense of se, 'to see.'
sigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sågomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies såg And as she stood there now, the remarkable thing happened that a flock of pigeons came and settled down beside her.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stodhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodnunownu · adverbmodifies stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on händedärtheredär · adverbmodifies stodhändehappenedhäna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLemma should be hända; hände is its past tense.
detaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of märkvärdigamärkvärdigathe strange thingmärkvärdig · adjective, nominative, singularcomplement of händeused substantively as 'det märkvärdiga' (the remarkable/strange thing).
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of duvorenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of flockflockflockflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies duvorduvorpigeonsduva · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldepends on händekomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeoblique complement of händeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslogsettled downslå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with händeLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
nerdownner · adverbdepends on slogbredvidbesidebredvid · prepositionmodifies sloghenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of slog- 30
She could hardly believe they were real birds, for pigeons never move about after sunset.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trokundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of troknappthardlyknappt · adverbmodifies trotrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåglardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of fåglarvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to fåglarverkligarealverklig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fåglarfåglarbirdsfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralclausal complement of troförforför · prepositionpreposition marking duvorduvorpigeonsduva · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of varabrukausually didbruka · adjective, nominative, pluralauxiliary of varaBackbone tags this as an adjective, but the surface (brukade) is the past tense of bruka, 'to usually do'.
juafter allju · adverbmodifies varaaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies varavarabevara · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on fåglariin motioni · prepositionpreposition marking rörelserörelsemovementrörelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of varaefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking solnedgångensolnedgångensunsetsolnedgång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vara It must have been the beautiful moonlight that had woken these.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of måttemåttemustmåtte · particlemodifies månskenetModal particle expressing a confident inference (must have) or, rarely, a wish (may).
hahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of månskenetvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to månskenetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of månskenetskönabeautifulskön · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies månskenetmånskenetmoonlightmånsken · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounsubject of väcktThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of väcktväcktwokenväcka · verb, active, supinerelative clause on månskenetdessathesedenna · pronoun, pluraldirect object of väcktThey had thought it was daylight and flown out from their dovecote, but afterward they had grown confused and could not find their way.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trotttrottbelievedtrott · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dagerdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of dagervarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to dagerdagerdaylightdager · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of trottochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationflugitflownfluga · verb, active, supinecoordinated with dagerutoutut · adverbdepends on flugitfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking duvslagsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of duvslagpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
duvslagdovecoteduvslag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of flugitmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsedanthensedan · adverbmodifies blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinecoordinated with dagerförvirradeconfusedförvirrad · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of blivitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies kännakunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of kännakännato feelkänna · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with blivitigenagainigen · adverbdepends on kännasigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kännaWhen they had caught sight of a human being, they had flown to her, as if to have her show them the way.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sefåttcaught sightfå · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of se"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on flugitenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of människamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flugitdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of flugitflugitflownflu · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flugitliksomas ifliksom · adverbintroduces the clause of visaföras ifför · prepositionintroduces the clause of visaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of visahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of visavisato showvisa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on flugitdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of visatilltotill · prepositiondepends on visarättathe wayrätta · adjective, nominative, pluralpart of the phrase till- 31
There had been a great many pigeons at the estate in her parents' time, for the pigeons too had been among the creatures her father had taken under his special protection.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with funnitshadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of funnitsfunnitsexisted/been foundfunnits · verb, passive, supinemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of massamassaa mass ofmassa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies duvorduvorpigeonsduva · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of funnitspåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking gårdengårdenestategård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies duvoriini · prepositionpreposition marking tidhennesherhon · pronounpossessor of föräldrarspossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
föräldrarsparents'föräldr · noun, genitive, common gender, pluralpossessor of tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of funnitsförforför · prepositionpreposition marking duvornaduvornathe pigeonsduvorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies tidhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supineparallel clause to funnitsavamongav · prepositionpreposition marking djurendetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of djurenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
djurenanimalsdjur · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of varitsomthatsom · pronounsubject of tagitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hennesherhon · pronounpossessor of farpossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tagithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tagittagittakenta · verb, active, supinerelative clause on djureniunderi · prepositiondepends on tagitsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of hägnpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
särskildaspecialsärskild · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hägnhägnprotectionhägn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of tagit The moment there was talk of slaughtering a pigeon, he grew ill-humored.
Barajustbara · adverbmodifies taldetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of talvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to taltaltalktal · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseomofom · prepositionintroduces the clause of slaktaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of slaktainfinitive marker before a verb.
slaktaslaughterslakta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on talenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of duvaduvapigeonduva · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of slaktakomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to talhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komiintoi · prepositionmodifies kommisshumörill humormisshumör · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase iShe was very glad that the beautiful birds had come to meet her at the old home.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemycketverymycket · adverbmodifies tyckteomglad thatom · prepositiondepends on tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommitdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fåglarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vackrabeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fåglarnafåglarnathe birdsfåglarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineclausal complement of tycktehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of kommittilltotill · prepositiondirect object of kommitmötesto meetmötes · verb, past, indicative, passivedepends on kommitOccurs in the fixed expression komma någon till mötes.
iati · prepositionpreposition marking hemmetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of hemmetgamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies hemmethemmethomehem · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommitWho could say whether the pigeons had not flown out into the night after all to show her that they had not forgotten they had once had a good home here?
Vemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of vetakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vetavetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of flugitintenotinte · particlemodifies flugitduvornathe pigeonsduvorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of flugitändåafter alländå · adverbmodifies flugithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flugitflugitflownfluga · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on vetautoutut · adverbdepends on flugitiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking nattennattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flugitförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of visaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of visainfinitive marker before a verb.
visato showvisa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on flugithenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of visaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of glömtdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of glömtintenotinte · particlemodifies glömthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of glömtglömtforgottenglömma · verb, active, supineclausal complement of flugitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of haftdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of haftenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hafthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supineclausal complement of glömtettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of hemgottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase etthemhomehem · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hafthärherehär · adverbmodifies haft- 32
Or perhaps it was father who had sent his birds with a greeting to her, so that she would not feel so anxious and alone when she came to her former home?
Elleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies farattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of farvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to farfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomwhosom · pronounsubject of skickatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skickatskickatsentskickat · verb, active, supinerelative clause on farsinahissig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of fåglarfåglarbirdsfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of skickatmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hälsningenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hälsninghälsninggreetinghälsning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skickattilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies hälsningförso thatför · prepositionintroduces the clause of kännaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase förhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kännaintenotinte · particlemodifies kännaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kännakännato feelkänna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of kännasåsoså · adverbmodifies ängsligtängsligtanxiouslyängslig · adverbmodifies kännaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationensamtaloneensam · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with ängsligtnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kännatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking fornasitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of fornapossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
fornaformerforn · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of komforna is the adjective 'of former times'; mistagged as noun.
hemhomehem · adverbmodifies kom - 33
As she thought this, so strong a longing for the old days rose up within her that tears came to her eyes.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tänktehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on stegdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of tänktestegrosestega · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of steguppupupp · adverbdepends on steginomwithininom · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stegenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of längtansåsoså · adverbmodifies starkstarkstrongstark · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies längtanlängtanlonginglängtan · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of stegefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking tidernadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of tidernaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
gamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tidernatidernatimestid · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies längtanattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fickhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickcamefå · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on längtantårarnatearståre · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of fickitoi · prepositionpreposition marking ögonenögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of fick It had been a good life that they had led in this place.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of livvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to livettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of livgottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies livlivlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronoundirect object of förtThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of förthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förtförtcarriedföra · verb, active, supinerelative clause on livpåinpå · prepositiondepends on förtdetaen · determiner, neuter, singularpart of the phrase påhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase detställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase detThey had had weeks of work, but they had also had festival days; they had had drudgery by day, but in the evenings they had gathered around the lamp and read Tegnér and Runeberg, Mrs. Lenngren and Miss Bremer.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hafthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencearbetsveckorweeks of workarbetsvecka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of haftmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hafthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of haftocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinecoordinated with hafthögtidsfesterfestival dayshögtidsfest · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haftdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hafthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supineparallel clause to haftslitdrudgeryslit · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haftominom · prepositionpreposition marking dagarnadagarnadaysdag · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of slitmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking kvällarnakvällarnathe eveningskväll · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of samlatshadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of samlatsdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of passive samlatssamlatsgatheredsamla · verb, passive, supinecoordinated with haftkringaroundkring · prepositionpreposition marking lampanlampanthe lamplampan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of samlatsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlästreadläsa · verb, active, supinecoordinated with samlatsTegnérTegnérTegnér · proper noun, nominativedirect object of lästochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationRunebergRunebergRuneberg · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Tegnérfruladyfru · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with TegnérLenngrenLenngrenLenngren · proper noun, nominativedirect object of lästochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmamsellMissmamsell · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with LenngrenMamsell is an old title for an unmarried woman.
BremerBremerBremer · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with LenngrenThey had grown grain, but also roses and jasmine; they had spun flax, but they had sung folk songs while they spun.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of odlathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of odlatodlatgrownodla · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesädgrainsäd · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of odlatmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies rosorrosorrosesrosa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with sädochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjasminerjasminejasmin · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with rosordetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of spunnithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of spunnitspunnitspunspunnit · verb, active, supineparallel clause to odlatlinflaxlin · proper noun, nominativedirect object of spunnitmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sjungithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sjungitsjungitsungsjunga · verb, active, supinecoordinated with spunnitfolkvisorfolk songsfolkvisa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sjungitmedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of spunnodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of spunnospunnospunspunnoa · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sjungitHistorical plural past form of spinna.
They had toiled over history and grammar, but they had also put on plays and written verse; they had stood at the stove cooking food, but they had also learned to play the clavier and the flute and the guitar and the violin and the piano.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceknogattoiledknogat · verb, active, supinedirect object of hademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking historiahistoriastoryhistoria · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgrammatikgrammargrammatik · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with historiamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of spelathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of spelatocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies spelatspelatplayedspela · verb, active, supinecoordinated with hadeteaterplaysteat · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of spelatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskrivitwrittenskrivia · verb, active, supinecoordinated with spelatversversever · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of skrivitdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ståtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ståttståttstoodstå · verb, active, supineparallel clause to hadevidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking spisenspisenstovespis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ståttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlagatcookedlagaa · verb, active, supinecoordinated with ståttmatfoodmat · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ståttmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of lärthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lärtocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies lärtlärtlearnedlära · verb, active, supinecoordinated with ståttatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of trakterainfinitive marker before a verb.
trakteraplaytraktera · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on lärtklavérclavierklavér · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of trakteraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationflöjtthe fluteflöjt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with klavérochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgitarrguitargitarr · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with klavérochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfiolthe violinfiol · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with gitarrochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpianopianopiano · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with gitarrThey had planted cabbage and turnips and peas and beans in one garden, but they had had another that was full of apples and pears and every kind of berry.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of planterathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of planteratplanteratplantedplantera · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencekålcabbagekål · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of planteratochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrovorturnipsrova · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with kålochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationärterpeasärta · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with kålochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbönorbeansböna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with kåliini · prepositionpreposition marking trädgårdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of trädgårdträdgårdgardenträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bönormenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hafthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinecoordinated with planteratenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of annanannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haftsomthatsom · pronounsubject of fullThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to fullfullfullfull · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on annanavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking äpplenäpplenapplesäppl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fullochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpäronpearspäro · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with äpplenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of slagsslagskindslag · noun, genitive, neuter, pluralsubject of bärbärberrybä · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with fulllemma is really bära ('to carry'); surface bär.
They had lived solitary lives, but for that very reason they had kept so many tales and stories in memory.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencelevatlivedlevat · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeMistagged as a noun; this is the supine of the verb 'leva' ('to live').
ensammaaloneensam · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjustjustjust · adverbmodifies därfördärförfor that very reasondärför · adverbmodifies hafthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of haftdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinecoordinated with hadesåsoså · adverbmodifies mångamångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sagorsagortalessaga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of haftochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhistorierstorieshistorie · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with sagorkvarstill therekvar · adverbmodifies haftiini · prepositionpreposition marking minnetminnetmemoryminn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of haftThey had worn homemade clothes, but even so they had been able to live carefree and independent.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of burithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of buritburitwornburit · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencehemgjordahomemadehemgjord · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kläderkläderclotheskläder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of buritmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåsoså · adverbmodifies levahadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of levadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of levaocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies levakunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of levalevato liveleva · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with buritsorglöstcarefreesorglös · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies levaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationoberoendeindependentoberoende · adjective, nominativecoordinated with sorglöst- 34
"Nowhere else in the world do they know how to lead so good a life as they did at a little manor house like this one, in my youth," she thought.
Ingenstansnowhereingenstans · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of förståriini · prepositionpreposition marking världenvärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Ingenstansförstårunderstand(s)förstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of förståratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förainfinitive marker before a verb.
föraleadföra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of förstårettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of livsåsoså · adverbmodifies livgottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase sålivlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of förasomassom · pronoundirect object of gjordeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on livpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking herrgårdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of herrgårdsådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies herrgårdsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
härherehär · adverbpart of the phrase sådanlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies herrgårdherrgårdmanor househerrgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gjordeiini · prepositionpreposition marking ungdomminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of ungdompossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
ungdomyouthungdom · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies herrgårdtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to förstårhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkte "There was a fair measure of work and a fair measure of pleasure, and there was joy every day.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of lagomvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to lagomlagomjust rightlagom · adverbhead of the phraseavofav · prepositionpreposition marking arbetearbeteworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies lagomochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlagomjust rightlagom · adverbcoordinated with arbeteavofav · prepositionpreposition marking nöjenöjepleasurenöje · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies arbeteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of glädjevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to glädjeglädjejoyglädje · adjective, nominative, singularcoordinated with lagomallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of dagardagardaysdag · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of glädjeI would very gladly like to come back here.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommabravery gladlybra · adverbmodifies kommagärnavery gladlygärna · adverbpart of the phrase braType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
viljawillvilja · noun, nominative, common gender, singularauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencetillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies kommahitherehit · adverbmodifies kommaNow that I've seen the place, it's hard to travel away from it."
Sedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of settjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settnunownu · adverbmodifies settharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on tungtställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on settärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to tungtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with tungttungtheavytung · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of resainfinitive marker before a verb.
resato travelresa · verb, active, infinitivedepends on tungthärifrånfrom herehärifrån · adverbmodifies resa- 35
And so she turned to the flock of pigeons and spoke to it, laughing at herself even as she did so: "Won't you go to father and tell him that I long for home?
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåsoså · adverbmodifies vändevändeturnedväna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vändetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking duvflockenduvflockenthe pigeon flockduvflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vändeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vändetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of sadeundereven asunder · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of sadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skrattadehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skrattadeskrattadelaughedskratta · verb, past, indicative, activeclause modifying detåtatåt · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of skrattadesjälvherselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sigpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking gångsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of gånggångsimultaneouslygång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skrattadeVillwon'tVill · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of faraniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Villsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
intenotinte · particlemodifies Villfaragofara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking farfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies faraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with farhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of faraattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of längtarjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of längtarlängtarlongslängta · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on farahemhomehem · adverbmodifies längtar I've been traveling long enough now in strange places.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of faritharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of faritfarittraveledfara · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencelängelong enoughlänge · adverbmodifies faritnogenoughnog · adverbmodifies faritomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies ställenpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking ställenfrämmandestrangefrämmande · adjective, nominativemodifies ställenställenplacesställe · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of faritAsk him if he can't arrange it so that I may soon return to my childhood home!"
FrågaaskFråga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of Frågaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ställahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ställaintenotinte · particlemodifies ställakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of ställaställato arrangeställa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on Frågadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of ställasåsoså · adverbmodifies ställaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vändajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändasnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies vändafårmayfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of vändavändato turnvända · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of ställaåteragainåter · adverbmodifies vändatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking barndomshemmittmyjag · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of barndomshemThis entry is really the possessive "mitt" (neuter agreement), mistagged under the lemma jag.
barndomshemchildhood homebarndomshem · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of vända- 36
Scarcely had she said this when the whole flock of pigeons rose up and flew away.
KnapptscarcelyKnappt · auxiliary verb, active, supinemodifies sagtFunctions as the adverb 'scarcely/hardly' (knappt) opening 'knappt hade...förrän' constructions, not as a verb.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagthonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sagtsagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencedettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sagtförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies helaused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
helawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies duvflockenduvflockenthe pigeon flockduvflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höjdehöjderosehöjde · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to sagtalmost always reflexive höjde sig, 'rose (into the air)'.
sigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of höjdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationflögflewflög · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with höjdebortawaybort · adverbdepends on flög She tried to follow it with her eyes, but it vanished at once.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försökteförsöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceföljato followfölja · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försöktedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of följamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ögonenögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of följamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of försvannförsvanndisappearedförsvann · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with försöktePast tense of försvinna ('disappeared'), mistagged as a noun.
genastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies försvannIt was as if the whole bright flock had dissolved into the shimmering air.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phrasevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ,somas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of upplöstsomas ifom · prepositionintroduces the clause of upplöstshelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies skarandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skaranljusabrightljus · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies skaranskaranflockskara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive upplöstsskullehadskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of upplöstshahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of upplöstsupplöstsdissolvedupplösts · verb, active, supinerelative clause on Detiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking luftendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of luftenskimrandeshimmeringskimrande · adjective, nominativemodifies luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of upplösts- 37
The pigeons were barely gone when she heard a couple of shrill cries from the garden, and hurrying there now, she saw something quite peculiar.
Duvornathe pigeonsDuvorna · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sevorowerevoro · particledepends on DuvornaArchaic plural preterite of vara 'to be'; mistagged as particle.
nättbarelynätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies DuvornaAlways in the fixed phrase 'nätt och jämnt' = barely/just barely, though tagged as a noun.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjämntbarelyjämn · adverbcoordinated with nättbortagoneborta · adverbmodifies nättdåwhendå · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hördehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Duvornaettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies skrikhögatallhög · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies skrikskrikcryskrik · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hördefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking trädgårdenträdgårdengardenträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hördeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skyndadehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skyndadenunownu · adverbmodifies skyndadeskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hördedittheredit · adverbmodifies skyndadeficksawfå · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of seseseese · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencenågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of rätträttquiterätt · adverbmodifies besynnerligtbesynnerligtstrangebesynnerlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of se There stood a tiny, tiny fellow, who could hardly have been more than a hand's breadth tall, fighting with a tawny owl.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singularquantifies litenlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies parvelparvellittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with litensomwhosom · pronounsubject of stortThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies stortkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of stortvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to stortstortmuchstor · adverbmodifies meraAdverbial use of stor ('big'); e.g. 'inte stort' = 'not much'.
meramoremycket · adverbmodifies enänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase meraenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of högtvärhandhand's breadthtvärhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase enhögtallhög · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstredfightingstred · verb, imperative, activecoordinated with stodmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking kattugglaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kattugglakattugglatawny owlkattuggla · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stredAt first she was so startled that she could not move.
Förstfirstförst · adverbmodifies blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevsåsoså · adverbmodifies häpenhäpenastonishedhäp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevPredicate adjective häpen ('astonished'); tagged as noun.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of rörahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of röraintenotinte · particlemodifies rörakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of röraröramoveröra · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of blevsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of röraBut when the little fellow's cries grew ever more piteous, she stepped in quickly and parted the combatants.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skrekparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skrekskrekshriekedskrek · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceallteverallt · adverbmodifies jämmerligarejämmerligaremore piteousjämmerlig · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies skrekgrepgripped/seizedgrepa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with skrekPast tense (grep) of gripa, an older strong-verb spelling.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of greprasktbrisklyrask · adverbmodifies grepininin · adverbdepends on grepochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskildeseparatedskilde · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with inPast tense of the verb 'skilja' (to separate); mistagged as an adjective.
detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of stridandeSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
stridandethe combatantsstridande · adjective, nominativedirect object of grepåtapartåt · prepositionpreposition marking grepThe owl swung itself up into a tree, but the little fellow stood his ground on the sanded path without hiding or fleeing.
Ugglanthe owlugglan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svingadesvingadeswungsvinga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of svingadeuppupupp · adverbmodifies svingadeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking trädettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of trädträdtreeträd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of svingademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with svingadekvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on stodpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sandgångensandgångensanded pathsandgång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of gömmaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gömmainfinitive marker before a verb.
gömmato hidegömma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stodsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of gömmaelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationflyto fleefly · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of gömmaundanawayundan · adverbdepends on fly"Thanks for the help!" he said.
Tackthankstack · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of haskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of haniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
hato haveha · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceförforför · prepositionpreposition marking hjälpenhjälpenhelphjälp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade"But it was quite foolish of you to let the owl get away.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of dumtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to dumtbraquitebra · adjective, nominativemodifies dumtdumtfoolishdumd · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lätniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lätsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
lätletlät · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on dumtugglanowluggla · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lätkommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of lätundanawayundan · adverbdepends on kommaI can't leave from here, for she's sitting up in the tree lying in wait for me."
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gekancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of geintenotinte · particlemodifies gegeto givege · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of geavawayav · prepositionpreposition marking härifrånhärifrånfrom herehärifrån · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of geförforför · prepositionpreposition marking honhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sittersittersitssitta · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with geoppeup thereoppe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of sitterColloquial adverb 'oppe' (dialectal for 'uppe'), mistagged here as a noun.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking trädetträdetthe treeträde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sitterlemma should be 'träd'; surface 'trädet' means 'the tree'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlurarlies in waitlura · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sitterpåforpå · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lurar- 38
"Yes, it was thoughtless of me to let her go.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on tanklöstdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tanklöstvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tanklösttanklöstthoughtlesstanklös · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseavofav · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tanklöstattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of släpptejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of släpptesläpptelet gosläppa · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on tanklösthenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of släppte But couldn't I follow you instead to wherever you're at home?" said she, who was in the habit of composing fairy tales, feeling not a little astonished at having so unexpectedly fallen into conversation with one of the little folk.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of följajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of följaintenotinte · particlemodifies följaiinsteadi · prepositionmodifies följaställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase iföljato followfölja · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of följadittheredit · adverbmodifies följadärtheredär · adverbmodifies ärduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on följahemmaat homehemma · adverbmodifies ärsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesomwhosom · pronounsubject of brukadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
brukadeused tobruka · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on sadediktacomposedikt · verb, active, infinitivemodifies sagorsagortalessaga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of brukadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on sagorsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kändeintenotinte · particlemodifies förvånadliteta littlelitet · adverbmodifies förvånadförvånadastonishedförvåna · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of kändeöveratöver · prepositionintroduces the clause of råkatatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of råkatinfinitive marker before a verb.
såsoså · adverbmodifies råkatdärtheredär · adverbmodifies råkatoförmodatunexpectedlyoförmoda · adverbmodifies råkathahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of råkatråkatfallen intoråka · verb, active, supineclause modifying förvånadiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking samspråksamspråkconversationsamspråk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of råkatmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking eneniten · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of råkatavofav · prepositionpreposition marking småfolketsmåfolketthe little folksmåfolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies enBut at bottom she was not so very surprised after all.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiati · prepositionpreposition marking bottengrundat bottomgrund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase ibottenbottombotten · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevintenotinte · particlemodifies blevsåsoså · adverbmodifies överraskadöverraskadsurprisedöverraska · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevändåafter alländå · adverbmodifies överraskadIt was as though she had been expecting the whole time that she would get to experience something remarkable, walking there in the moonlight outside her old home.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phrasevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ,somas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of honomifom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking honhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väntathelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väntathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of väntatväntatbeen expectingväntaa · verb, active, supinecoordinated with ,Supine of 'vänta': 'väntat' = 'expected' in most tokens but 'väntat på svar' = 'had been waiting for an answer' — genuinely polysemous (expect vs. wait).
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of upplevahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of upplevaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of upplevafåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of upplevaupplevato experienceuppleva · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of väntatnågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies märkvärdigtmärkvärdigtremarkablemärkvärdig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of upplevadärtheredär · adverbmodifies gickhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on märkvärdigtiini · prepositionpreposition marking månskenetmånskenetmoonlightmånsken · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gickutanföroutsideutanför · prepositionpreposition marking hemsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of hempossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
gamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies hemhemhomehem · adverboblique complement of gick- 39
"Actually I had thought of staying here at the estate the whole night," said the little fellow.
Egentligenactuallyegentligen · adverbmodifies tänkthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänktjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkttänktthoughttänka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of stannainfinitive marker before a verb.
stannastaystanna · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of tänkthärherehär · adverbmodifies stannapåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking gårdengårdenestategård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stannahelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies nattennattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stannasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to tänktparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade "If you would just show me a safe place to sleep, I wouldn't go back to the forest until daybreak."
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of visaniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
barajustbara · adverbmodifies visavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of visavisato showvisa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on vändamigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of visaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sovplatstryggsafetrygg · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sovplatssovplatssleeping placesovplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of visaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vändajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändaintenotinte · particlemodifies vändavändato turnvända · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencetillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies vändatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tillbakaförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies daggryningenused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
iati · prepositionpreposition marking daggryningendaggryningendaybreakdaggryning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vända— "Shall I show you a place to sleep?
Skawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of visajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visavisato showvisa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of visaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sovplatssovplatssleeping placesovplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of visaAren't you at home here, then?"
Ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to inteduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of inteintenotinte · particlehead of the phrasehemmaat homehemma · adverbmodifies intehärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase hemmadåthendå · adverbmodifies inte— "I daresay you think I'm one of the little folk," said the little fellow now, "but I'm a human being, just as much as you are, only I've been turned into this by a tomte."
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstårförstårunderstand(s)förstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenogdaresaynog · adverbmodifies förstårattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of trorniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trorsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
trorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of förstårattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of enjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of enärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to enenoneman · pronoun, common gender, singularclausal complement of trorSurfaces are only "en"/"En" used as a counting pronoun ("en av dem" = "one of them"), not the indefinite generic pronoun man/en ("one does X"). Lemma is mistagged as man; it should be en (numeral pronoun "one"). Gloss "one" happens to still be correct.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking småfolketsmåfolketthe little folksmåfolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ensadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to förstårnunownu · adverbmodifies sadeparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of människaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to människaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of människamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with parvelnjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying människasåvälas well assåväl · conjunctionmodifies blivitused in the pair 'såväl...som' (both...and).
somassom · pronounintroduces the clause of niThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivitsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
fastonlyfast · adverbmodifies blivitjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on människaförvandladtransformedförvandla · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitBackbone mistags this as an adjective; the surface (förvandlad) is the past participle of förvandla, 'to turn into'.
avbyav · prepositionpreposition marking tomteenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tomtetomtetomtetomte · noun, nominative, common gender, singularagent of förvandladA tomte is a Swedish household guardian spirit or gnome; the studio translation renders it as 'tomte' or 'gnome'.
— "That's the most remarkable thing I've ever heard!
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of märkvärdigastevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to märkvärdigastedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of märkvärdigastemärkvärdigastemost remarkablemärkvärdig · adjective, nominative, superlativehead of the phrasejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörtharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörthörtheardhöra · verb, active, supinedepends on märkvärdigaste- 40
Would you care to tell me how you came to be so ill-used?"
SkullewouldSkulle · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of taladuyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talaintenotinte · particlemodifies talaviljato wantvilja · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of talatalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceomtellom · prepositiondepends on talaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talahurhowhur · adverbmodifies råkatduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkatråkatcame to beråka · verb, active, supineclausal complement of talasåsoså · adverbmodifies illaillabadlyilla · adverbmodifies råkatutfareut · adverbdepends on råkat - 41
The boy had no objection to telling of his adventures, and she who listened grew ever more astonished, marveling, and glad as the story went on.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies hadenågotobjectionnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeemotagainstemot · adverbdepends on hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of berättainfinitive marker before a verb.
berättato tellberätta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hadesinahissig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of äventyräventyradventuresäventyr · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of berättaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase ochsomwhosom · pronounsubject of hördeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on honhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hördeblevbecamebli · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hadealltmeraever morealltmera · adverbcomplement of blevhäpenastonishedhäp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of alltmeraPredicate adjective häpen ('astonished'); tagged as noun.
förundradastonishedförundra · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularparallel clause to alltmeraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with förundradalltallall · adverbintroduces the clause of fortgicksomassom · adverbmodifies fortgickAdverbial/conjunctive use of som ('as/just as'), distinct from its usual relative-pronoun sense.
berättelsenstoryberättelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fortgickfortgickcontinuedfortgick · verb, past, indicative, activecomplement of blev "Why, what luck it is to meet someone who has traveled on goose-back over the whole of Sweden!" she thought.
Nejnonej · interjectionhead of the phrasedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of råkavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to råkadåwhydå · adverbmodifies råkaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lyckalyckalucklycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of råkainfinitive marker before a verb.
råkameetråka · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to Nejpåmeetpå · prepositionpreposition marking enenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of råkasomwhosom · pronounsubject of restThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of restresttraveledrest · adverbrelative clause on endespite the tag 'adverb', these are past-participle uses of resa (to travel / to raise).
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking gåsrygggåsrygggoose's backgåsrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of restöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking Sverigehelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies SverigeSverigeSwedenSverige · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of resttänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Nejhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkte"Just what he's telling me now, I shall put in my book.
Justjustjust · adverbmodifies skrivadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase Justsomthatsom · pronoundirect object of berättarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of berättarberättartellsberätta · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on detskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of skrivajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skrivaskrivato writeskriva · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceiini · prepositionpreposition marking bokminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of bokpossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
bokbookbok · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skrivaNow I need worry no more about that matter.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies habehöverneedbehöva · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haintenotinte · particlemodifies hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemermoremycket · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies bekymmerbekymmerworrybekymmer · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of haföraboutför · prepositionpreposition marking sakensdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sakenssakensmatter'ssak · noun, genitive, common gender, singularoblique complement of haUsed chiefly in the fixed phrase 'för ... sakens skull', meaning 'for the sake of that matter'.
skullsakeskull · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on sakensonly occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'.
How very fortunate that I traveled home!
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phrasevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies Detjuhowju · adverbmodifies brabraverybra · adjective, nominativemodifies välvälfortunateväl · adverbmodifies varattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of restejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of resterestetraveledresa · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on Dethemhomehem · adverbmodifies resteTo think that I should get help with this, so soon as I came to the old estate!"
TänkthinkTänk · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceändåindeedändå · adverbmodifies Tänkattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfågetfå · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of Tänkhjälphelphjälp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of fåsåsoså · adverbmodifies snartsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies komsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fåtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking gårdendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gårdengamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gårdengårdenestategård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kom- 42
At once a thought came over her that she scarcely dared to think through to the end.
Medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking detsammadetsammathe samedensamma · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tanketankethoughttanke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komsomthatsom · pronounsubject of vågadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vågadeknappthardlyknappt · adverbmodifies vågadevågadedaredvåga · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on hennetänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of vågadetillto the endtill · prepositionmodifies tänkaslutendslut · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase till She had sent word to father with the pigeons that she longed for home, and directly afterward she had gotten help with the very thing she had puzzled over for so long.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skickathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skickatskickatsentskickaa · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencebudwordbud · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of skickattilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking farfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skickatmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking duvornaduvornathe pigeonsduvorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of faromthatom · prepositionintroduces the clause of längtadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of längtadehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of längtadelängtadelongedlängtad · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on skickathemhomehem · adverbdirect object of längtadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstraxdirectlystrax · adverbmodifies fåttefteråtafterwardefteråt · adverbmodifies fåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåtthonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåttfåttgottenfå · verb, active, supinecoordinated with skickathjälphelphjälp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåttmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of fåttsomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadesåsoså · adverbmodifies längelängelonglänge · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of grubblatgrubblatponderedgrubbla · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on skickatöveroveröver · adverbmodifies grubblatCould this be father's answer to what she had asked for?
SkullecouldSkola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of svardettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of svarvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to svarfarsfather'sfars · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of svarsvaranswersvar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasepåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of svarsomthatsom · pronoundirect object of bettThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of betthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bettbettaskedbeda · verb, active, supinerelative clause on svarSupine of be "to ask".
omforom · prepositionpreposition marking bett
The particulars
- The text
- Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige, Selma Lagerlöf. The Wonderful Adventures of Nils.
- Translation
- Public-domain Swedish (Lagerlöf, d. 1940; published 1906–07). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
- Words
- Every word of the text, by letter.
- Data
- JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents