Swedish · The Wonderful Adventures of Nils
Skatten på skäret
The Treasure on the Skerry
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- 1
Ever since the start of the autumn journey the wild geese had flown due south, but when they left Fryksdalen, they turned onto another course and traveled across western Värmland and Dalsland toward Bohuslän.
Alltever sinceAllt · adverbdeterminer of börjanifrånfromifrån · prepositionpart of the phrase Alltbörjanbeginningbörjan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flugitavofav · prepositionpreposition marking höstresanhöstresanthe autumn journeyhöstresa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies börjanhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flugitvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flugitattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
flugitflownfluga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceraktduerak · adverbmodifies söderutsöderutsouthwardsöderut · adverbmodifies flugitmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lämnadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of lämnadelämnadeleftlämna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on slogoFryksdalenFryksdalenFryksdalen · proper noun, nominativedirect object of lämnadeslogoturnedslogoa · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with flugitPast plural of slå ('to strike/land'); lemma mislabeled 'slogoa'.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of slogoininin · adverbdepends on slogoiontoi · prepositionpreposition marking riktningenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of riktningannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies riktningriktningdirectionriktning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slogoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationforowentforo · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with riktningMistagged as a noun; foro is the plural past tense of fara ("went/traveled").
överacrossöver · prepositionpreposition marking Värmlandvästrawesternvästra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies VärmlandVärmlandVärmlandVärmland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of slogoA Swedish province.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationDalslandDalslandDalsland · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Värmlandbortawaybort · adverbmodifies slogomottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking BohuslänBohuslänBohuslänBohuslän · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of slogoSwedish coastal province.
- 2
It became a merry journey.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of muntermuntermerrymunt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of blevMislabeled as a plural noun; munter is the adjective "cheerful/merry" (common gender singular).
resato travelresa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of blev The goslings were by now so used to flying that they no longer complained of tiredness, and the boy began to regain his good spirits.
Gässlingarnathe goslingsGässlingarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vanavorowerevoro · pronoun, accusativedepends on GässlingarnaMistagged as a pronoun; voro is the archaic plural past tense of vara ("to be").
nunownu · adverbmodifies Gässlingarnasåsoså · adverbmodifies Gässlingarnapassso (degree)pass · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase Gässlingarnafunctions as a degree particle here, not the noun 'pass'.
vanaused tovana · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of flygainfinitive marker before a verb.
flygaflyflyga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on vanaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of klagadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of klagadeintenotinte · particlemodifies klagademerlongermycket · adverbmodifies klagadeklagadecomplainedklaga · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on vanaöveroföver · prepositionpreposition marking trötthettrötthetwearinesströtthet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of klagadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with klagadeåterfåregainåterfå · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of börjadesitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of humörpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
godagoodgod · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies humörhumörgood spiritshumör · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of börjadeHe was glad that he had gotten to talk with a human being, for it had cheered him that she had said that if he went on as he had done so far, doing good to everyone he met, things could not end badly for him.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gladvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gladgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of talahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of talafåttgotten tofå · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of tala"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
talato speaktala · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gladmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking människaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of människamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talaförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of muntratdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of muntrathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of muntratmuntratcheered upmuntra · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on talauppupupp · adverbdepends on muntrathonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of muntratattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sagthonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sagthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagtsagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on muntratattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fortsatteomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fortsattehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fortsattefortsattecontinuedfortsatte · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on muntratpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fortsattesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of görahittillsso farhittills · adverbmodifies göraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göradogöra · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying sättgottgoodgott · adverbmodifies göraåttoåt · prepositionpreposition marking allaallaallall · pronoun, pluraloblique complement of görasomwhomsom · pronoundirect object of råkadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkaderåkademetråka · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on allasåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on slutakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slutadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of slutaintenotinte · particlemodifies slutaslutaendsluta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gladillabadlyilla · adverbcomplement of slutaförforför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slutaShe had not been able to tell him how he would get back his rightful shape, but she had given him back a little hope and confidence, and it was surely this that had made it possible for him now to think out how he should keep the big white gander from traveling home.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies sägahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägakunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencehurhowhur · adverbmodifies återfåhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of återfåskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of återfååterfåget backåterfå · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of sägasinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of skapnadrättarighträtt · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies skapnadskapnadshapeskapnad · numeral, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of återfåMistagged as a numeral; it is a noun meaning 'form/shape'.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of getthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gettgettgivenge · verb, active, supinecoordinated with återfåhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of getttillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies gettenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hoppsmulabitsmula · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hopphopphopehopp · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gettTwo distinct homonyms share the spelling hopp: 'leap' and 'hope.'
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtillförsiktconfidencetillförsikt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hoppochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with säkertvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to säkertsäkertsurelysäker · adverbcoordinated with återfådettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of säkertsomthatsom · pronounsubject of gjordeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
gjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on dettaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tänkahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkanunownu · adverbmodifies tänkahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänkakunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of tänkatänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitivedepends on säkertutoutut · adverbdepends on tänkahurhowhur · adverbmodifies avhållahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of avhållaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of avhållaavhållakeepavhålla · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of tänkadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardirect object of avhållastorebigstore · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies viteWeak-declension form of 'stor'.
vitewhite gandervite · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of avhållafrånfromfrån · prepositionintroduces the clause of resaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of resainfinitive marker before a verb.
resato travelresa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on avhållahemhomehem · adverbmodifies resa- 3
»You know, Morten Goosey-Gander,» he said, just as they were flying high up in the air, »that it will be dull enough for us to stay home all winter, once we've been through a journey like this.
Vetyou knowVet · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of VetMårtenMortenMårten · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadethe studio translation renders this name as 'Morten'.
gåskarlgandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Mårtensadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Vethanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadebästjust asbra · adverbmodifies forosomassom · conjunctionpreposition marking forodetheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of foroSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
forotraveledforo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of högtArchaic plural past tense of fara ("to go/travel"), not a noun; the parser mistagged it.
framforwardfram · adverbmodifies högthögthighhög · adverbmodifies sadethis type bundles the positive, comparative, and superlative degree forms (högt, högre, högst) under one entry.
uppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies sadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uppeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blirdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of sadenogenoughnog · adverbmodifies blirenformigtdullenformig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of blirförforför · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of bliratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of stannainfinitive marker before a verb.
stannastaystanna · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of blirhemmaat homehemma · adverbmodifies stannahelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies vinternvinternwintervinter · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of stannasedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varitviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of varitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sademedwithmed · prepositiondepends on varitomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of resaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of resasådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies resasån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
härherehär · adverbpart of the phrase sådanresato travelresa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of varit I keep thinking that we ought to go along with the wild geese to foreign lands.»
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sittersittersitssitta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtänkerthinktänka · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sitterpåthatpå · prepositiondepends on sitterattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of följaviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of följabordeought toböra · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of följaBare borde is simple past modal ("ought to"/"should"); the perfect sense ("ought to have") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth ("borde släppa taget") has no ha and translates as plain "ought to."
följato followfölja · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sittermedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of följaattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking utlandetutlandetabroadutland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of följa— »Surely you can't be in earnest!» said the gander, sounding quite alarmed, for now that he had shown he was able to follow the wild geese all the way to Lapland, he was perfectly content to get back to the goose-pen in Holger Nilsson's cow-house.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varavälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies varaaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies varavarabevara · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedittyourdu · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of allvarsurface ditt is the neuter possessive 'your', not the pronoun 'you'.
allvarin earnestallvar · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of varasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sademorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlätsoundedlät · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadeheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies förskräcktförskräcktfrightenedförskräcka · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of lätförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of visatsedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionmodifies visathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visatnunownu · adverbmodifies visathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of visatvisatshownvisa · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of visatiablei · prepositionmodifies varståndablestånd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase iatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of följainfinitive marker before a verb.
följato followfölja · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on varvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of följaattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
ändaall the wayända · adverbmodifies Lapplandtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking LapplandLapplandLaplandLappland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of följavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to nöjdhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of nöjdalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies nöjdnöjdpleasednöjd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularparallel clause to visatatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
fåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivedepends on nöjdtillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies kommatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking gåskättengåskättengoose pengåskätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tillbakaiini · prepositionpreposition marking kostallHolgerHolgerHolger · proper noun, nominativepossessor of kostallGiven name, father Holger Nilsson.
NilssonsNilsson'sNilsson · proper noun, genitivedepends on Holgerkostallcow shedkostall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of komma- 4
The boy sat quiet for a while, looking down at Värmland, where all the birch woods and groves and gardens were dressed in yellow and red autumn colors, and where the long lakes lay clear blue between the yellow shores.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetystquiettyst · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sattenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtittadelookedtitta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattnerdownner · adverbdepends on tittadepåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking VärmlandVärmlandVärmlandVärmland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of tittadeA Swedish province.
därtheredär · adverbmodifies kläddaallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of björkskogarbjörkskogarbirch woodsbjörkskog · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kläddaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlövdungarleafy groveslövdung · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with björkskogarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationträdgårdargardensträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with björkskogarvorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on kläddaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
kläddadressedklädda · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on Värmlandiini · prepositionpreposition marking höstfärgergulayellowgul · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies höstfärgerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrödaredröd · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with gulahöstfärgerautumn colorshöstfärg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kläddaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärtheredär · adverbmodifies lågodetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of sjöarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
långalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sjöarnasjöarnathe lakessjöarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of lågolågolaylågo · adjective, nominative, comparativecoordinated with kläddaArchaic plural past tense of ligga ("to lie"), not an adjective; the parser mistagged it.
klarblåaclear blueklarblåa · adjective, nominative, pluraldirect object of lågomellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking strändernadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of strändernaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
gulayellowgul · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies strändernasträndernathe shoresstränderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of lågo »I don't believe I've ever seen the earth lying so beautiful beneath us as today,» he said.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of settjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies settharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sadejordenearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of liggaliggato lieligga · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of settsåsoså · adverbmodifies vackervackerbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of liggaunderbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of liggasomassom · pronounintroduces the clause of iThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
itodayi · prepositionrelative clause on ossdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase isadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to trorhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade»The lakes are like blue silk and the shores like broad bands of gold.
Sjöarnathe lakesSjöarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sidenärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to sidensomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sidenblåttblueblåt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sidensidensilkside · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsträndernashoresstränd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with sidensomlikesom · pronounintroduces the clause of guldbandThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
bredabroadbred · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies guldbandguldbandbands of goldguldband · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralclause modifying strändernaDon't you think it would be a pity if we settled down in Västra Vemmenhög and never got to see any more of the world?»
Tyckerdo you thinktycke · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Tyckerintenotinte · particlemodifies Tyckerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skadadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of skadavorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to skadaskadapityskada · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of Tyckeromifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slåviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of slåskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slåslåsettleslå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skadaossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of slånerdownner · adverbdepends on slåiini · prepositionpreposition marking VemmenhögVästrawesternVästra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies Vemmenhögused only as part of the place name Västra Vemmenhög.
VemmenhögVemmenhögVemmenhög · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of slåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies sefåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with slånågotanynågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of mermerany moremycket · adverbdirect object of seavofav · prepositionpreposition marking världenvärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies mer— »I thought you wanted to go home to father and mother and show them what a fine boy you've turned into,» said the gander.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of faraduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of faravillewantedvilja · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of farafaragofara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of tänktesome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
hemhomehem · adverbmodifies faratilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking farfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hemochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with farochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvisato showvisa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with farademthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of visavadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of blivitdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of blivitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineclausal complement of visaförforför · prepositionpreposition marking pojkeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of pojkeduktigcapableduktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies pojkepojkeboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blivitavintoav · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies pojkesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to tänktegåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sademorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
All summer long he had gone about dreaming of what a proud moment it would be when he could swoop down onto the yard in front of Holger Nilsson's cottage and show off Dunfin and the six goslings to the geese and the hens and the cows and the cat, and to mother Holger Nilsson herself, so that he was not at all pleased with the boy's proposal.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sommarensommarensummersommar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåttgåttgone aboutgå · verb, active, supineparallel clause to hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdrömtdreameddrömma · verb, active, supinecoordinated with gåttomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stoltvilkenwhatvilken · determiner, common gender, singularintroduces the clause of stoltstoltproudstolt · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blidetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of bliskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gåttnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slåhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slåfickcouldfå · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slåslåswoop downslå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on blinerdownner · adverbdepends on slåpåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking gårdsplanengårdsplanencourtyardgårdsplan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slåframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking stugaHolgerHolgerHolger · proper noun, nominativepossessor of stugaGiven name, father Holger Nilsson.
NilssonsNilsson'sNilsson · proper noun, genitivedepends on Holgerstugacottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvisato showvisa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with slåDunfinDunfinDunfin · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of visaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ungarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
sexsixsex · numeral, nominativequantifies ungarnaungarnagoslingsunge · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Dunfinförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking gässengässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ungarnagässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhönsenhenshönse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with gässenlemma is the defined plural form 'hönsen' (the hens).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkornathe cowskorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Dunfinochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkattenthe catkatte · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with kornaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking mormormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with DunfinHolgerHolgerHolger · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseGiven name, father Holger Nilsson.
NilssonNilssonNilsson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Holgersurname, as in Holger Nilsson, Nils's father.
självherselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying Holgersåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of gladattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gladvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gladintenotinte · particlemodifies gladmycketat allmycket · adverbmodifies gladgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on Holgeråtwithåt · prepositionpreposition marking förslagpojkensboy'spojk · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of förslagförslagproposalförslag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of glad- 5
The wild geese made several long rests during the day.
Vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässen · proper noun, nominativesubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencefleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies rasterlångalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies rasterrasterrestsrast · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of gjordeunderduringunder · prepositionpreposition marking dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gjorde Everywhere they came upon such splendid stubble fields that they hardly had the heart to leave them, and they did not enter Dalsland until it was drawing toward sunset.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of råkaderåkadecame uponråka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceöverallteverywhereöverallt · adverbmodifies stubbåkrarpåuponpå · prepositionpreposition marking stubbåkrarsåsuchså · adverbmodifies präktigapräktigasplendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stubbåkrarstubbåkrarstubble fieldsstubbåker · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of råkadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadeknappthardlyknappt · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeclause modifying stubbåkrarhjärtahearthjärta · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of farainfinitive marker before a verb.
faragofara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on hadesome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
ifrånfromifrån · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies faraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommokommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with råkadekommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
intenotinte · particlemodifies kommoininin · adverbdepends on kommoiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking DalslandDalslandDalslandDalsland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of kommoförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies ledused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of ledleddrawing towardled · noun, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on kommoSecond example 'när det led mot kvällen' = 'as evening drew near' is the verb lida ('led' = past tense), not the noun led — mistagged here.
mottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking solnedgångensolnedgångensunsetsolnedgång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ledThey swept on over the northwestern part of the province, and there it was even more splendid than in Värmland.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of strökoströkosweptströko · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast-plural of the verb 'stryka' (to sweep/run/rub); mistagged as present tense.
framforwardfram · adverbdepends on strökoöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking delennordvästranorthwesternnordvästr · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies delendelenpartdel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of strökoavofav · prepositionpreposition marking landskapetlandskapetprovincelandskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies delenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärtheredär · adverbmodifies grannarevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to grannaredetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with grannareännuevenännu · adverbmodifies grannaregrannaremore splendidgrannare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with strökoThe surfaces list wrongly merges two distinct words: comparative adjective 'grannare' (finer, grander) and the unrelated noun 'grannarna' (the neighbors).
änthanän · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking Värmlandiini · prepositionpreposition marking VärmlandVärmlandVärmlandVärmland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of grannareA Swedish province.
There were so many lakes that the land ran between them like narrow, high-crested ridges.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
såsoså · adverbmodifies fannsfulltmanyfull · adverbmodifies fannsAdverbial use of full/fullt, e.g. 'fullt så' = 'quite as'.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking sjöarsjöarlakessjö · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralagent of fannsattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gicklandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fannsframforwardfram · adverbdepends on gickmellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of gicksomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of smalasmalanarrowsmal · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on demhögkulligahigh-crestedhögkullig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bankarbankarridgesbank · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with demIt was no fit ground for fields, but the trees thrived all the better for it, and the steep shores lay like beautiful parks.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of markvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to markingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of markpassandesuitablepassande · adjective, nominativemodifies markmarkgroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseförforför · prepositionpreposition marking åkraråkrarfieldsåkra · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies markmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationträdentreeträd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive trivdesträd is an invariant noun (same form singular and plural); the definite plural träden means "the trees."
trivdesfelt at hometriv · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with marklemma abbreviated from trivas; 'trivdes' = felt at home/thrived.
såall theså · adverbmodifies trivdesmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies bättrebättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of trivdesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of strändernaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
brantasteepbrant · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies strändernasträndernashoresstränd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of lågolågolaylågo · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with trivdesmistagged as a noun; this is the archaic plural past tense of ligga 'to lie' (they lay).
somlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of parkervackrabeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies parkerparkerparkspark · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with lågoThere seemed to be something in the air or in the water that held the sunlight fast, even after the sun had sunk down behind the ridges.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with tycktestycktesseemedtycktes · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentencefinnasto existfinnas · verb, infinitivecomplement of tycktesnågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of tycktesiini · prepositionpreposition marking luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tyckteselleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiini · prepositionpreposition marking vattnetvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with luftensomthatsom · pronounsubject of höllThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
höllheld fasthålla · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on vattnetkvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on höllsolljusetthe sunlightsolljus · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of höllocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies sjunkitsedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sjunkitsolensunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sjunkithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sjunkitsjunkitsunksjunka · verb, active, supinecoordinated with tycktesnerdownner · adverbdepends on sjunkitbakombehindbakom · prepositionpreposition marking åsarnaåsarnaridgesås · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sjunkitStreaks of gold played on the smooth, dark water, and over the ground quivered a bright, pale-red glow, out of which yellow-white birches, bright red aspens, and red-gold rowans rose up.
Strimmorstreaksstrimmor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of lekteavofav · prepositionpreposition marking guldguldgoldguld · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies Strimmorlekteplayedleka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking blankadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of blankaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
blankagleamingblank · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on lektemörkadarkmörk · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vattenytornavattenytornathe water surfacesvattenyta · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with lekteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of dallradedallradequivereddallra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lekteettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of skimmerljustbrightljust · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies skimmerblekröttpale-redblekröt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with ljustskimmershimmerskimmer · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of dallradevarurout of whichvarur · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of björkargulvitayellow-whitegulvita · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies björkarbjörkarbirchesbjörka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralparallel clause to lekteklarrödabright redklarröd · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies asparasparaspensaspe · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with björkarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrödgulared-yellowrödgul · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies rönnarrönnarrowansrönna · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with björkarstuckostuckstucko · adverbmodifies rönnarTagged as an adverb but is 'stucko', past tense plural of 'sticka', stuck out.
uppupupp · adverbmodifies rönnar- 6
»Don't you think yourself, Morten Goosey-Gander, that it will be hard never again to see anything so grand as this?» said the boy.
TyckerthinkTycker · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Tyckerintenotinte · particlemodifies Tyckersjälvyourselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies TyckerMårtenMortenMårten · proper noun, nominativesubject of Tyckerthe studio translation renders this name as 'Morten'.
gåskarlgandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Mårtenattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blirdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of Tyckersvårtdifficultsvår · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of bliratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
aldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies semeragainmycket · adverbmodifies sefåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitivedepends on blirnågotanythingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sesåsoså · adverbmodifies sehärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase sågrantfine/splendidgrant · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase såsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade — »I'd rather look at the fat fields of Söderslätt than these lean mountain slopes,» answered the gander.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckertyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies tyckeromtoom · prepositionintroduces the clause of seatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tyckerdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of åkrarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
fetafatfet · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies åkrarnaAlso 'rich' when describing fields.
åkrarnafieldsåkr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sepåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking SöderslättSöderslättSöderslättSöderslätt · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of sePlain in southern Skåne.
änthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bergbackarnadetheseen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of bergbackarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
härherehär · adverbpart of the phrase demagrameagermagr · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bergbackarnabergbackarnarocky slopesbergback · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sesvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to tyckergåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of svarademorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
- 7
»But you surely understand that if you absolutely want to continue the journey, I can't part from you.»
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of förstårförstårunderstand(s)förstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstårvälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies förstårattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fortsättaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fortsättaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fortsättanödvändigtabsolutelynödvändig · adverbmodifies fortsättavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fortsättafortsättato continuefortsätta · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of förstårresanjourneyresa · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fortsättasåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on skiljakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of skiljajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skiljaintenotinte · particlemodifies skiljaskiljapart fromskilja · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with fortsättamigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of skiljaifrånfromifrån · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skilja — »That's just the answer I thought I'd get,» said the boy, and one could hear in his voice that he had been freed from a great worry.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of svaretsvaretanswersvar · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of troddetroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of troddejustjustjust · adverbmodifies fåattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfågetfå · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of troddesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with troddepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of passive hördeshördeswas heardhör · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with troddePassive past of höra, surface hördes.
påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking röstenröstenvoiceröst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hördesattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of befriadhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of befriadhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of befriadblivitbecomebli · auxiliary verb, active, supinepassive auxiliary of befriadbefriadfreedbefria · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on hördesifrånfromifrån · prepositionpreposition marking bekymmerettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of bekymmerstortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies bekymmerbekymmerworrybekymmer · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of befriad- 8
When they later traveled over Bohuslän, the boy saw that the mountain expanses grew more continuous, the valleys lay like narrow clefts blasted into the bedrock, and the long lakes at the bottom of them were as black as if they had come up out of the underworld.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of restedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of restesedanthensedan · adverbmodifies resterestetraveledresa · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sågöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking BohuslänBohuslänBohuslänBohuslän · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of resteSwedish coastal province.
sågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blevobergviddernamountain expansesbergvidd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of blevoblevobecameblevo · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on lågolemma should be bli 'to become'; blevo is the archaic plural past tense (they became).
meramoremycket · adverbmodifies sammanhängandesammanhängandecontinuoussammanhänga · adjective, nominativecomplement of blevodalarnavalleysdal · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of lågolågolaylågo · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcomplement of sågmistagged as a noun; this is the archaic plural past tense of ligga 'to lie' (they lay).
somlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of klyftorsmalanarrowsmal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies klyftorklyftorcleftsklyftor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with lågonersprängdablastednersprängda · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with lågoiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking berggrundenberggrundenbedrockberggrunde · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies nersprängdaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of sjöarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
långalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sjöarnasjöarnathe lakessjöarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with lågopåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking bottenderastheirde · pronounpossessor of bottenpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
bottenbottombotten · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sjöarnavorowerevoro · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on sågsåasså · adverbmodifies svartasvartablacksvart · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on sågsomassom · pronounsubject of kommitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommitdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineclausal complement of sågurout ofur · prepositiondepends on kommitunderjordenthe underworldunderjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kommit This too was a stately landscape, and as the boy saw it now with a thin streak of sun, now in shadow, he felt there was something wild and singular about it.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of landskapvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to landskapettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of landskapståtligtmagnificentlyståtlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies landskaplandskaplandscapelandskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasedettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on landskapocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies landskapochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tycktepast tense of se, 'to see.'
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sågänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of strimmamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking strimmaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of strimmalitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies strimmastrimmastreakstrimma · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on sågavofav · prepositionpreposition marking solsolsunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies strimmaänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skuggaiini · prepositionpreposition marking skuggaskuggashadowskugga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sågtycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to landskaphanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of viltdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of viltvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to viltnågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of viltviltwildvilt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of tyckteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationegetownegen · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with viltöveraboutöver · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of viltHe didn't know what caused it, but it occurred to him that strong and daring warriors must once have lived here in the world, and that they must have gone through many dangerous and bold adventures in these mysterious regions.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies visstevaravwhat caused itvarav · adverbmodifies komdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on visstesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kommenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickoccurredfå · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kämparförintoför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of fickattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of funnitshärherehär · adverbmodifies funnitsbordeought toböra · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of funnitsBare borde is simple past modal ("ought to"/"should"); the perfect sense ("ought to have") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth ("borde släppa taget") has no ha and translates as plain "ought to."
hahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of funnitsfunnitsexistedfunnits · verb, supineadverbial clause on fickstarkastrongstark · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of funnitsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdjärvadaringdjärva · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with starkakämparwarriorskämpa · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with vissteförrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies kämpariini · prepositionpreposition marking världenvärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kämparochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of upplevatdetheyde · determiner, pluraldeterminer of måtteThis type's own examples show 'de' used as the plain personal pronoun "they" (de voro ovanligt strävsamma = "they were unusually...") as often as the determiner "the" (de andra = "the others"); a fixed gloss of "the" mis-renders every pronoun occurrence.
måttemustmåtte · adverbmodifies upplevatModal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means "must"; the perfect sense ("must have") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain "must."
hahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of upplevatupplevatexperiencedupplevat · verb, active, supinecoordinated with kämparmångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies äventyrfarligadangerousfarlig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies äventyrochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdristigadaringdristig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with farligaäventyradventuresäventyr · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of upplevatiini · prepositionpreposition marking trakternadetheseen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of trakternaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
härherehär · adverbpart of the phrase dehemlighetsfullamysterioushemlighetsfull · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies trakternatrakternadistrictstrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of upplevatThe old longing to take part in remarkable events awoke in him.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hågengamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies hågenhågenlonginghåg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of varainfinitive marker before a verb.
fåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of varavarabevara · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositiondepends on varaominom · prepositionpreposition marking händelsermärkvärdigaremarkablemärkvärdig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies händelserhändelsereventshändelse · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of varavaknadewoke upvakna · verb, past, indicative, activecomplement of varahoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vaknade»It's quite possible that I'd miss not being in mortal danger every day or two,» he thought.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with möjligtvorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to möjligtnogquitenog · adverbmodifies möjligtmöjligtpossiblemöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasehalf the examples (ch01-p27, ch04-p30) use the fixed idiom 'allt möjligt' = 'all sorts of/everything', not the literal 'possible' sense used in the other two.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of saknajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of saknaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of saknasaknato misssakna · verb, active, infinitivedepends on möjligtattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of råkaintenotinte · particlemodifies råkavarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularmodifies råkathe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
elleroreller · conjunctionpart of the phrase varvarannanevery othervarannan · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase varråkaberåka · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of saknaiini · prepositionpreposition marking livsfaralivsfaramortal dangerlivsfara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of råkatänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with saknahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkte»It's best to be content with what is.»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with bästärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to bästbästbestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativepart of the phrase »atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of nöjdinfinitive marker before a verb.
varabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to nöjdnöjdpleasednöjd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on bästmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of nöjdsomthatsom · pronounsubject of ärThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on det- 9
He said nothing of this to the big white one, for the geese were flying over Bohuslän at the greatest speed they could manage, and the gander was panting so hard that he would not have had breath to answer.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sadeomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of sadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking vitedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vitestorebigstore · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies viteWeak-declension form of 'stor'.
vitewhite onevite · verb, present, indicative, activeoblique complement of sadeIn all examples this is the definite adjective 'the white one', not a verb; morphology tag is mistagged.
förforför · prepositionpreposition marking gässengässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sadegässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
flögoflewflögo · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of sadePast plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense.
överoveröver · prepositionpreposition marking BohuslänBohuslänBohuslänBohuslän · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of flögoSwedish coastal province.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking fartdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fartstörstabiggeststor · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies fartfartspeedfart · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flögosomthatsom · pronoundirect object of åstadkommaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of åstadkommakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of åstadkommaåstadkommamanageåstadkomma · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on fartochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of flämtademorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
flämtadepantedflämta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with åstadkommasåsoså · adverbmodifies flämtadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of orkathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of orkatintenotinte · particlemodifies orkatskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of orkathahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of orkatorkathad breath toorka · adverbadverbial clause on svarasvarato answersvara · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of åstadkomma The sun stood on the horizon and now and then disappeared behind one hill or another, but the wild geese sped forward with such speed that again and again they caught sight of it.
Solensunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevidonvid · prepositionpreposition marking synrandensynrandenthe horizonsynrande · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförsvanndisappearedförsvann · adverbcoordinated with stodstundomnow and thenstundom · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of stodbakombehindbakom · prepositionpreposition marking kulleenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kulleelleroreller · conjunctionpart of the phrase enannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase enkullehillkulle · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stundommenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of jagadeattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
jagadechasedjaga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodframåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies jagademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking fartsådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fartsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
fartspeedfart · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of jagadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of .detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralpart of the phrase attomagainom · prepositionpart of the phrase deochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomigenagainomig · adverbcoordinated with omfingogotfingo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralpart of the phrase omMistagged as a noun; fingo is the archaic plural past tense of få ("got/were given").
synsightsyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ompåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of de- 10
At last, in the west, they saw a bright streak that grew and widened with every wingbeat they took.
Äntligenat lastÄntligen · adverbmodifies sågosågosawsågo · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw).
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sågoiini · prepositionpreposition marking västervästerwestväster · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sågoenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of blankblankglassyblank · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies strimmastrimmastreakstrimma · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of sågosomthatsom · pronounsubject of växteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
växtegrewväxa · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on strimmaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sågobredarebroaderbred · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of blevförforför · prepositionpreposition marking vingslagvarjeeveryvarje · determiner, singulardeterminer of vingslagvingslagwingbeatvingslag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of blevdetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of togosurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
togotooktogo · verb, past, indicative, activecomplement of blevOld plural past tense of taga/ta ('to take').
It was the sea, lying milk-white and shifting into rose-red and sky-blue, and as they swung past the coastal cliffs, they once more caught sight of the sun, hanging over it, big and red and ready to dive down into the waves.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of havetvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to havethavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesomwhichsom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
låglaylåg · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on havetmjölkvittmilk-whitemjölkvi · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskiftadeshiftingskifta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking rosenröttrosenröttrose-redrosenrött · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of skiftadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhimmelsblåttsky-bluehimmelsblå · adverbcoordinated with rosenröttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of svängdedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of svängdesvängdeswungsvängde · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on seförbipastförbi · adverbdepends on svängdestrandklippornathe coastal cliffsstrandklipporna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralpart of the phrase svängdefingogotfingo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with svängdeMistagged as a noun; fingo is the archaic plural past tense of få ("got/were given").
detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ånyoSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
ånyoonce moreånyo · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fingoseseese · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with havetsolensunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sesomwhichsom · pronounsubject of hängdeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hängdehunghänga · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on seöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of hängdestorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with seochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrödredröd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with storochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfärdigreadyfärdig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with storatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of dykainfinitive marker before a verb.
dykadivedyka · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of senerdownner · adverbdepends on dykaiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking vågornavågornathe wavesvågorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of dyka- 11
But as the boy gazed at the free, boundless sea and the red evening sun, which shone with so mild a light that he dared look straight into it, he felt peace and security steal into his soul.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of betraktadepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of betraktadebetraktadewatchedbetrakta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of havetfriafreefri · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies havetoändligaboundlessoändlig · adjective, nominative, singularcoordinated with friahavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of betraktadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of aftonsolenrödaredröd · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies aftonsolenaftonsolenthe evening sunaftonsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with havetsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of lysteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
lysteshonelysa · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on aftonsolenmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking skensåsoså · adverbmodifies miltmiltmildmil · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies skenskenlightsk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of lysteLemma/surface 'sken' is mostly the past tense of 'skina' (shone); one occurrence is the noun 'glow, light'.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vågadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vågadevågadedaredvåga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on seseseese · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceininin · adverbdepends on seiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of sekändefeltkändäge · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to seSurface 'kände' is past tense of 'känna' (to feel); the lemma 'kändäge' is a parser artifact.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändefridpeacefrid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kändeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtrygghetsecuritytrygghet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with fridinträngasteal intointränga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of kändeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking själensjälensoulsjäl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of intränga »No use being sorrowful, Nils Holgersson,» said the sun.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies löntlöntworthwhilelön · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseIn the idiom 'det är lönt' (it's worth it, no use).
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bedrövadinfinitive marker before a verb.
varabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to bedrövadbedrövaddistressedbedrövad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on löntNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilssadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to löntsolensunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade»The world is a glorious place to live in, both for the small and for the great.
Världenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of härligärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to härlighärliglovelyhärlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of levainfinitive marker before a verb.
levato liveleva · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on härligiini · prepositionpreposition marking småbådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförforför · prepositionpreposition marking småsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluraloblique complement of levaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförforför · adverbmodifies storastorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with småIt's also a good thing to be free and carefree, with the whole of space open before you.»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with sakärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to sakocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies sakenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sakgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies saksakthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of friinfinitive marker before a verb.
varabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to frifrifreefri · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sakochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsorglöscarefreesorglös · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with friochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhato haveha · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with frihelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies rymdenrymdenspacerymd · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haöppenopenöppen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of haframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigoneselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of öppen- 12
THE WILD GEESE'S GIFT.
VILDGÄSSENSTHE WILD GEESE'SVILDGÄSSENS · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseGÅVAGIFTGÅVA · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies VILDGÄSSENS - 13
The wild geese had settled down to sleep on a small skerry off Fjällbacka.
Vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässen · proper noun, nominativesubject of ställthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ställtställtput/placedställa · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ställtatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sovainfinitive marker before a verb.
sovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of ställtpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking skärettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of skärlitetsmallliten · adverbmodifies skärthis type bundles the positive and comparative degree forms (litet, mindre) under one entry.
skärskerryskär · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sovaThis is the noun 'skär' (skerry), mistagged as an adjective by the backbone.
utanföroutsideutanför · prepositionpreposition marking FjällbackaFjällbackaFjällbackaFjällbacka · proper noun, nominativemodifies skär But when it drew toward midnight and the moon stood high in the sky, old Akka shook the sleep out of her eyes and then went around waking Yksi and Kaksi, Kolme and Neljä, Viisi and Kuusi.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · adverbintroduces the clause of ledFunctions as a subordinating conjunction, not an adverb.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of ledleddrew towardled · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of skakadeSecond example 'när det led mot kvällen' = 'as evening drew near' is the verb lida ('led' = past tense), not the noun led — mistagged here.
mottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking midnattmidnattmidnightmidnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ledochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmånenmoonmåne · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ledhögthighhög · adverbmodifies stodthis type bundles the positive, comparative, and superlative degree forms (högt, högre, högst) under one entry.
påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking himlenhimlenskyhiml · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodskakadeshookskaka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sömnengamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies AkkaAkkaAkkaAkka · nounmodifies sömnenProper name of the lead wild goose.
sömnensleepsömn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skakadeurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking ögonenögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies sömnenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with skakadesedanthensedan · adverbmodifies gickomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies gickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationväcktewokeväcka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickYksiYksiYksi · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gickOne of Akka's flock, named for the Finnish word for 'one'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationKaksiKaksiKaksi · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with YksiName of one of the wild geese.
KolmeKolmeKolme · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Yksiochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationNeljäNeljäNeljä · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with KolmeViisiViisiViisi · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with YksiName of one of the wild geese (Finnish for "five").
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationKuusiKuusiKuusi · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with YksiProper name of one of the goslings.
Last of all she nudged Thumbietot with her bill, so that he woke up.
Allraof allAllra · adverbmodifies sistsistlastsist · adverbmodifies stöttestöttenudgedstötte · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stöttetillagainsttill · prepositionpreposition marking TummetottTummetottThumbietottummetott · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of stöttethe boy's nickname once shrunk; kept as the studio translation's name.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking näbbennäbbenthe beaknäbbe · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies TummetottMislabeled as plural; näbben is the definite singular of näbb ("the beak").
såsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of vaknadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vaknadevaknadewoke upvakna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on stötte»What's the matter, mother Akka?» he said, jumping up quite frightened.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of stårpåthe matterpå · prepositionpreposition marking mormormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stårAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of stårproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsprangransprangma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadeLemma is corrupted; surfaces are only "sprang" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma.
uppupupp · adverbdepends on sprangheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies förskräcktförskräcktfrightenedförskräckd · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sprang— »It's nothing dangerous,» answered the lead goose, »it's only that we seven who are old in the flock want to go a way out over the sea tonight, and we're wondering whether you'd care to come along.»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of farligtärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to farligtingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies farligtfarligtdangerousfarlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to farligtförargåsenlead gooseförargås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svaradedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with såärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to såbarajustbara · adverbmodifies såsåthatså · adverbcoordinated with svaradeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of styckeviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralpart of the phrase attsjusevensju · numeral, nominativequantifies visomwhosom · pronounsubject of gamlaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to gamlagamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on sjuiini · prepositionpreposition marking flockenflockenflockflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gamlavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of styckefaradangerfara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of styckesome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of styckestyckepiecestycke · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on svaradeutåtout overutåt · adverbmodifies havethavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies styckenunownu · adverbmodifies styckeitonighti · prepositionmodifies styckenattnightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of undrarundrarwondersundra · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with svaradeomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of harduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of undrarlustdesirelust · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of följainfinitive marker before a verb.
följato followfölja · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying lustmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking följa- 14
The boy understood well enough that Akka would not have made such a proposal unless something important were afoot, and he climbed at once onto her back.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstodförstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenogwell enoughnog · adverbmodifies förstodattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gjortAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of gjortproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
intenotinte · particlemodifies gjortskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjorthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of gjortgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on förstodettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of förslagsådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies förslagförslagproposalförslag · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gjortomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of viktigtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with viktigtintenotinte · particlemodifies viktigthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of viktigtvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to viktigtnågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies viktigtviktigtimportantviktig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclause modifying förslagåafootå · prepositionpreposition marking färdeMostly used as the noun for a small river (Ronneby å); the idiom fara å färde 'be afoot/underway' is an old prepositional use.
färdeafootfärde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of viktigtArchaic noun surviving only in the idiom 'fara å färde', 'danger afoot/about'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattesattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with viktigtpast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sattegenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies satteuppupupp · adverbdepends on sattepåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking rygghennesherhon · pronounpossessor of ryggpossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
ryggbackrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of satte The flight was set straight westward.
Flyktenflightflykt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive ställdesställdeswas setställ · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentenceraktstraightrak · adverbmodifies västerutvästerutwestwardvästerut · adverbmodifies ställdesThe wild geese first flew over a band of large and small islands lying near the coast, then over a broad stretch of open water, and then reached the great Väderöarna archipelago, which lay farthest out in the belt of skerries.
Vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · proper noun, nominativepossessor of foroforowentforo · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of bandMistagged as a noun; foro is the plural past tense of fara ("went/traveled").
förstfirstförst · adverbmodifies bandöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking bandettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of bandbandbandband · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseavofav · prepositionpreposition marking öarstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies öarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with storaöarislandsöar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies bandsomthatsom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of lågolågolaylågo · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on öarPast plural of 'ligga' (to lie); mistagged as a noun. Lemma should be 'ligga'.
näranearnära · prepositionpreposition marking kustenkustencoastkust · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågodärpåthen/after thatdärpå · adverbmodifies sträckaöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking sträckaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sträckabredbroadbred · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sträckasträckastretchsträcka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on bandöppetopenöppen · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies vattenvattenwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sträckaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnåddereachednå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with bandsedanthensedan · adverbdepends on nåddeVäderöarnasVäderöarna'sVäderöarnas · noun, genitive, common gender, pluralpossessor of ögruppstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies ögruppweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
ögrupparchipelagoögrupp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of nåddesomwhichsom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
låglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on ögruppytterstat the very edgeytterst · adverbmodifies lågiini · prepositionpreposition marking havsbandethavsbandetouter skerrieshavsbande · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of lågAll the islands were low and rocky, and in the moonlight one could see that on their western side they had been polished smooth by the waves.
Allaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of öarnaöarnaislandsöare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of lågavorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on lågaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
lågalowlåg · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationklippigarockyklippig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with lågaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of syntessyntesone could seesyntes · verb, past, indicativecoordinated with lågaiini · prepositionpreposition marking månskenetmånskenetmoonlightmånsken · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of syntesattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blankslipadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of blankslipadepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking västsidanvästsidanthe western sidevästsidan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blankslipadevorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, singulardepends on blankslipadePast plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective.
blankslipadepolished smoothblankslipad · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on syntesavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking vågornavågornathe wavesvågorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies blankslipadeA few of them were quite large, and on these the boy glimpsed a couple of dwellings.
Någrasomenågon · pronoun, pluralsubject of storaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies Någravorowerevoro · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on storaVoro is the historical plural past form of vara.
rättquiterätt · adverbmodifies storastorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpåonpå · prepositioncoordinated with storadessathesedenna · determiner, pluraldepends on skymtadeskymtadeglimpsedskymta · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skymtadeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies bostäderbostäderdwellingsbostad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of skymtadeAkka sought out one of the smallest skerries and landed there.
AkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of sökteproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
söktesoughtsöka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceuppupupp · adverbdepends on sökteettaen · numeral, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sökteavofav · prepositionpreposition marking skärendetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of skärenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
minstasmallestliten · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies skärenskärenskerriesskär · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sökteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsloglandedslå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sökteLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
nerdownner · adverbdepends on slogdärtheredär · adverbmodifies slogIt consisted of nothing but a humped slab of gray stone, which had a fairly wide crevice running across it, where the sea had washed in fine white sand and a few seashells.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with bestodbestodconsistedbestå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebarajustbara · adverbmodifies bestodavofav · prepositionpreposition marking gråstenshällenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gråstenshällkullrigroundedkullrig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gråstenshällgråstenshällgray-stone slabgråstenshäll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bestodsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
mittöveracrossmittöva · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activesubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on gråstenshällenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bredrättfairlyrätt · adverbmodifies bredbredbroadbred · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies rämnarämnaa crackrämna · verb, active, infinitivedirect object of hadeMost occurrences are the noun 'a crack/rift'; one is the verb 'to crack'.
därtheredär · adverbmodifies kastathavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of kastathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kastatkastatwashed inkasta · verb, active, supinerelative clause on rämnaininin · adverbdepends on kastatfinfinefin · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of kastatvitwhitevit · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sjösandsjösandsea sandsjösand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with finochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of snäckskalsnäckskalseashellssnäckskal · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with fin- 15
When the boy climbed down from the goose's back, he saw close beside him something that resembled a tall, pointed stone.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stegpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stegstegrosestiga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sågnerdownner · adverbmodifies stegfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking gåsryggengåsryggengoose's backgåsrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stegsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågtättclosetätt · adverbmodifies sågbredvidbesidebredvid · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of sågnågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sågsomthatsom · pronounsubject of liknadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
liknaderesembledlikna · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on någotenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stenhögtallhög · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stenspetsigpointedspetsig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with högstenstonesten · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of liknade But almost at the same moment he noticed that it was a large bird of prey that had chosen the skerry for its night's lodging.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies detsammaiati · prepositionpreposition marking detsammadetsammathe samedensamma · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of märktemärktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of rovfågeldetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of rovfågelvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to rovfågelenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rovfågelstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies rovfågelrovfågelbird of preyrovfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of märktesomthatsom · pronounsubject of valtThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of valtvaltchosenvälja · verb, active, supinerelative clause on rovfågelskäretskerryskäer · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of valttillastill · prepositionpreposition marking natthärbärgenatthärbärgenight's lodgingnatthärbärge · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of valtAnd he had scarcely had time to marvel that the wild geese had so carelessly landed beside a dangerous enemy, before the bird came toward them with one long hop, and he recognized Gorgo, the eagle.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationknappthardlyknappt · adverbmodifies hannhannhad timehann · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast tense of hinna, 'to have time to / manage to (before something else happens)'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hannförvånato marvelförvåna · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of hannAll three examples use the reflexive 'förvåna sig' = 'to marvel/be astonished'; the transitive gloss 'to astonish' does not render the actual usage.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of förvånaöveratöver · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förvånaattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
somwhichsom · pronounsubject of slagitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
såsoså · adverbmodifies oförsiktigtoförsiktigtcarelesslyoförsiktig · adverbmodifies slagithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slagitslagitlandedslå · verb, active, supinedepends on hannnerdownner · adverbdepends on slagitbredvidnearbybredvid · adverbdepends on slagitenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fiendefarligdangerousfarlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fiendefiendeenemyfiende · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of slagitförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies komused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
fågelnbirdfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activein apposition to hannemottowardemot · prepositiondepends on komdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of kommedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hoppettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of hopplångtlonglångt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hoppBoth examples ('for fram ett långt stycke' = 'sped along a long stretch', 'tog ett långt hopp' = 'took a long leap') mean 'long' (length), not 'far' (distance).
hopphophopp · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of komTwo distinct homonyms share the spelling hopp: 'leap' and 'hope.'
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändekändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hannigenagainigen · adverbdepends on kändeGorgoGorgoGorgo · proper noun, nominativeparallel clause to hannProper name of an eagle character.
örneneagleörn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Gorgo- 16
It was plain that Akka and Gorgo had arranged to meet out here.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with märktesmärkteswas evidentmärktes · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stämtAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of stämtproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationGorgoGorgoGorgo · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with AkkaProper name of an eagle character.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of stämtstämtarrangedstämt · verb, active, supineclause modifying märktesmötegatheringmöte · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of stämthäruteout herehärute · adverbmodifies möte Neither of them was surprised to see the other.
Ingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of blevavofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies Ingenblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceförvånadastonishedförvånad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on blevdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andraandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singulardirect object of se»That was well done of you, Gorgo,» said Akka.
Dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gjortvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gjortvälwellväl · adverbmodifies gjortgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceavofav · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gjortGorgoGorgoGorgo · adverbcoordinated with gjortProper name of the eagle, not an adverb.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gjortAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
»I hardly dared believe you would reach the meeting place before us.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies vågadevågadedaredvåga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vågadetrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of vågadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of vågadeförebeforeföre · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kommatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking mötesplatsenmötesplatsenmeeting placemötesplatsen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommaHave you been here long?»
Harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencehärherehär · adverbmodifies varitlängelonglänge · adverbmodifies varit— »I came here this evening,» answered Gorgo.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehitherehit · adverbmodifies komdennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kvällkvälleveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of komsvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to komGorgoGorgoGorgo · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of svaradeProper name of an eagle character; mistagged as a common noun plural.
»But I'm afraid I can expect praise for nothing except this, that I've kept a good watch for you.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räddärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to räddräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of väntajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väntaintenotinte · particlemodifies väntakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of väntaväntato waitvänta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on räddberömpraiseberöm · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of väntaförforför · prepositionpreposition marking dettaannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase föränthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase fördettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of väntaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of passatjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of passatpassatkept watchpassa · verb, active, supineclausal complement of väntavälgoodväl · adverbmodifies passatpåforpå · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of passatThe errand you gave me to carry out has gone badly.»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gåttharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttgonegå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceillabadlyilla · adverbmodifies gåttmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ärendetärendeterrandärend · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gåttsomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of gavThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gavsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
gavgavege · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on ärendetLight-verb idioms in the examples: "gav ... till ett klagoskrik" = let out a cry; "gav sig tid" = took the time — not literal "gave" in either case.
migmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of gavatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of utförainfinitive marker before a verb.
utförato carry oututföra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gav— »I'm sure, Gorgo, that you've done more good than you let on,» said Akka.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of säkerärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to säkersäkersuresäker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseGorgoGorgoGorgo · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with säkerProper name (a wild goose/duck character) mistagged as an adjective.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gjortduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjortharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjortgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supineclause modifying Gorgomeramoremycket · adverbmodifies gagngagngoodgagn · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gjortänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of låtaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låtavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of låtalåtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with säkerpåskinalet onpåskina · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of låtasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to säkerAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of sadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
»But before you tell what has happened to you on your journey, I'm going to ask Thumbietot to help me find something that may lie hidden here on the skerry.»
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of berättarduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of berättarberättartellsberätta · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on bevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on häntsomthatsom · pronounsubject of häntThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hänthänthappenedhända · verb, active, supineclausal complement of berättardigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of häntpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking resanresanjourneyresa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of häntskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bebeto askbe · verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of hjälpaTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativesubject of hjälpathe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
hjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälpaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of finnainfinitive marker before a verb.
finnafindfinna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hjälparedafind outreda · adverbdepends on finnapart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påfindpå · prepositionpreposition marking någotnågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of finnasomthatsom · pronounsubject of liggaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
törmaytör · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpossessor of liggaliggalieligga · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on någotgömthiddengömd · verb, active, supinecomplement of liggahärherehär · adverbdepends on gömtpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking skäretskäretskerryskär · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gömt- 17
The boy had been standing looking at a couple of handsome seashells, but when Akka mentioned his name, he looked up.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ståtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ståttståttstoodstå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbetraktatlooked atbetrakta · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with ståttettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies grannagrannaneighborsgrann · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of snäckskalsnäckskalseashellssnäckskal · adverbcomplement of ståttmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåwhendå · adverbmodifies nämndeAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of nämndeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
nämndementionednämna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ståtthanshishan · pronounpossessor of namnnamnnamenamn · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of nämndesågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ståtthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of såguppupupp · adverbdepends on såg »You've no doubt wondered, Thumbietot, why we turned off our proper course and traveled here to the North Sea,» said Akka.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undratharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of undratvälno doubtväl · adverbmodifies undratundratwonderedundrad · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with undratthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
varförwhyvarför · adverbmodifies vikitviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vikitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of vikitvikitturnedvika · verb, active, supineclausal complement of Tummetottavoffav · prepositionpreposition marking kosanfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking kosanrättarighträtt · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies kosankosancoursekosa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularagent of vikit'styra kosan' = 'to head/make one's way'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfarittraveledfara · verb, active, supinecoordinated with vikithitherehit · adverbmodifies farittilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking VästerhavetVästerhavetthe North SeaVästerhavet · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of faritsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with undratAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
— »I did think it was strange,» answered the boy.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on svaradenogdidnog · adverbmodifies tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of besynnerligtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of besynnerligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to besynnerligtbesynnerligtstrangebesynnerlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of tycktesvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svarade»But I knew, after all, that you usually have good reasons for what you do.»
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejuafter allju · adverbmodifies vissteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of brukarniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brukarsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
brukartends tobruka · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of visstehato haveha · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of brukargodagoodgod · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies skälskälreasonsskäl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of haförforför · prepositionpreposition marking vadvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of haniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of görsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
gördoesgöra · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on vad—»You have a good opinion of me,» said Akka, »but I'm almost afraid you'll lose it now, for it's very likely that we've made this journey for nothing.»
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of trogodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies trotroopiniontro · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haromofom · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of harsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with harAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of sadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räddärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to räddnästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies räddräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förlorarduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förlorarnunownu · adverbmodifies förlorarförlorarloseförlora · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on rädddenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of förlorarförforför · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of troligtärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to troligtmycketverymycket · adverbmodifies troligttroligtlikelytrolig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with räddattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of göraviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of göraharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of görafåtthave madefå · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of göra"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
göramakegöra · verb, active, infinitivedepends on troligtdennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of resanresanjourneyresa · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of göraförgävesin vainförgäves · adverbmodifies göra- 18
»It happened many years ago,» Akka went on, »that I and a couple of others who are now old in the flock ran into a storm during a spring migration and were cast all the way out to these skerries.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of händehändehappenedhä · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLemma is a truncated form; the word is 'hände', past tense of 'hända' (to happen).
föragoför · prepositionpreposition marking årmångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies åråryearsår · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of händesedanthensedan · adverbdepends on årfortforwent on/continuedfortfor · numeral, nominativemodifies AkkaPast tense of 'fortfara' (to continue); mistagged as a numeral.
AkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of händeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of jagjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with jagtillmoretill · prepositionpreposition marking demavofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of jagsomwhosom · pronounsubject of gamlaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
nunownu · adverbmodifies gamlaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to gamlagamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on jagiini · prepositionpreposition marking flockenflockenflockflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gamlahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkatråkatrun intoråka · verb, active, supinecoordinated with Akkautintout · adverbdepends on råkatförintoför · prepositionpreposition marking stormstormstormstorm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of råkatunderduringunder · prepositionpreposition marking vårflyttningenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vårflyttningvårflyttningspring migrationvårflyttning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stormochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinecoordinated with råkatkastadecastkasta · verb, past, participle, plural, nominativecomplement of blivitändaall the wayända · adverbmodifies bortbortawaybort · adverbmodifies kastadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking skärendetheseen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of skärenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
härherehär · adverbpart of the phrase deskärenskerriesskär · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kastade When we saw there was nothing but shoreless sea ahead of us, we feared being driven so far out that we would never find our way back to land, and so we settled down on the waves.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fruktadepast tense of se, 'to see.'
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fannsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsintenotinte · particlemodifies fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativeadverbial clause on fruktadeexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
annatanything elseannan · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies fannsänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of strandlöststrandlöstshorelessstrandlösa · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies havhavseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fannsframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of fannsfruktadefearedfrukta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fruktadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bliinfinitive marker before a verb.
blito becomebli · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fruktadedrivnadrivendrivna · verb, past, participle, plural, nominativecomplement of blisåsoså · adverbmodifies långtlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies drivnautoutut · adverbmodifies bliattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hittaviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hittaaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies hittaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hittahittafind the wayhitta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on blitillbakabacktillbaka · adverbdepends on hittatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hittaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationladesettled downla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hitta"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
ossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of ladedärförsodärför · adverbmodifies ladenerdownner · adverbdepends on ladepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking vågornavågornathe wavesvågorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of ladeThe storm forced us to remain among these bare rocks for several days.
Stormenstormstorm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpossessor of tvangtvangforcedtvang · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseMistagged as a noun; this is tvang, the past tense of tvinga ("to force").
ossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with tvangatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of stannainfinitive marker before a verb.
stannastaystanna · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying tvangkvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on stannamellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking klippornadessathesedenna · determiner, pluraldeterminer of klippornaarmawretchedarm · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies klippornaklippornathe rocksklipporna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of stannaifori · prepositionpreposition marking darfleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dardardaysd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies klippornaWe suffered badly from hunger, and once we went up into the crevice here on the skerry and searched for food.
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of ledledsufferedled · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesvårtbadlysvår · adverbmodifies ledThis type bundles the positive 'svårt' and the comparative 'svårare' under one gloss; ch02-p89-s2 'ännu svårare' means 'still harder', not just 'difficult'.
avfromav · prepositionpreposition marking hungerhungerhungerhung · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of ledLemma is a truncated form; the word is 'hunger'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of gickoppupopp · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on gickmistagged as a verb; this is the dialectal/colloquial adverb opp, a variant of upp 'up'.
iintoi · prepositionpreposition marking rämnanrämnancrevicerämna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of opphärherehär · adverbmodifies gickpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking skäretskäretskerryskär · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsöktesearchedsöka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking matmatfoodmat · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sökteWe didn't find a single blade, but we saw that some sacks, tightly tied, stood half buried in the sand.
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fannfannfoundfinna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies fannettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of stråendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativemodifies stråstråbladestrå · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fannOne example uses 'strå' collectively as 'straw', distinct from the countable 'not a single blade' sense in the other three.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fannpast tense of se, 'to see.'
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stodnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of påsarpåsarsackspås · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of stodsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of tillbundnaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tillbundnavältightlyväl · adverbmodifies tillbundnatillbundnatightly tiedtillbunden · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on påsarstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of såghalvthalfhalv · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on stodbegravnaburiedbegravna · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of stodiini · prepositionpreposition marking sandensandensandsand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodWe hoped there would be grain in the sacks, and we tugged and tore at them until we ripped the cloth open, but then it wasn't grain that rolled out, but shining pieces of gold.
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive hoppadeshoppadeshopedhoppaa · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of finnasdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnasskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of finnasfinnasto existfinnas · verb, infinitiveclausal complement of hoppadessädgrainsäd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of finnasiini · prepositionpreposition marking påsarnapåsarnathe sackspåsarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sädochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrycktetuggedryckte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with finnasochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslettoresl · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with ryckteiati · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of rycktetillsuntiltills · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fickviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fickfickrippedfå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on finnassönderapart/brokensönder · adverbdepends on ficktygetclothtyg · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fickmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies rulladerulladerolledrulla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fickdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with rulladeintenotinte · particlemodifies rulladeutoutut · adverbdepends on rulladesädeskorngrainssädeskor · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of rulladeutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
blankagleamingblank · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies guldstyckenguldstyckenpieces of goldguldstyck · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of rulladeWe wild geese had no use for such things, and we left them where they were.
Förforför · prepositionpreposition marking sådanasådanasuchsån · pronoun, pluraloblique complement of hadeColloquial/old plural of sådan ('such').
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hadevildgässwild geesevildgäss · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of hadeingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of användninganvändninguseanvändning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of lämnadelämnadeleftlämna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hadedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of lämnadedärtheredär · adverbmodifies vardetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of varvarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularadverbial clause on lämnadethe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
In all the years since, we haven't given the find a thought, but this autumn something has happened that makes us wish for gold.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies årpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking årallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of årdessathesedenna · determiner, pluraldeterminer of åråryearsår · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of tänktharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänktviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of tänkttänktthoughttänka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencepåa thoughtpå · prepositionpreposition marking fyndetfyndetfindfynd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of tänktmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationithis autumni · prepositionmodifies inträffathöstautumnhöst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of inträffatdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with inträffatinträffathappenedinträffa · verb, active, supinecoordinated with tänktnågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of inträffatsomthatsom · pronounsubject of görThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
gördoesgöra · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on någotattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of önskarviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of önskarönskarwishesönska · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of görossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluralindirect object of önskarguldgoldguld · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of önskarWe know well enough that it's unlikely the treasure still lies here, but we've traveled here anyway to ask you to find out how matters stand.»
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenogwell enoughnog · adverbmodifies vetattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of troligtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with troligtärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to troligtfögaunlikelyföga · adverbmodifies troligttroligtlikelytrolig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of vetattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of liggerskattentreasureskatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of liggerliggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of vetkvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on liggerhärherehär · adverbmodifies liggermenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of faritharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of faritändåanywayändå · adverbmodifies faritfarittraveledfara · verb, active, supinecoordinated with liggerhitherehit · adverbmodifies faritförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of beatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of beinfinitive marker before a verb.
beto askbe · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on faritdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of betato taketa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of beredafind outreda · adverbdepends on tapart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påoutpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of förhållerhurhowhur · adverbmodifies förhållersakenthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förhållerförhållermatters standförhålla · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on taidiomatic reflexive 'det förhåller sig så' means 'the truth/fact is that'.
sigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of förhåller- 19
The boy jumped down into the cleft, took a mussel shell in each hand, and began throwing the sand aside.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hoppadehoppadejumpedhoppa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenerdownner · adverbdepends on hoppadeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking klyftanklyftangorgeklyfta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hoppadetogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hoppadeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of musselskalmusselskalmussel shellmusselskal · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of togiini · prepositionpreposition marking handenvarderaeachvardera · determiner, singulardeterminer of handenhandenhandhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of togochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with togkastato throwkasta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadeundanasideundan · adverbdepends on kastasandensandsand · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kasta He found no sacks, but when he had dug a fairly deep hole, he heard a clinking of metal and saw that he had struck a gold coin.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannfannfoundfinna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceingano/noneingen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of påsarpåsarsackspås · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of fannmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of grävthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of grävthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of grävtgrävtduggräv · verb, active, supinecoordinated with fannettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of hålrättfairlyrätt · adverbmodifies djuptdjuptdeepdjup · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hålhålholehål · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of grävthördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of klingandeklingandeclinkingklingande · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hördeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking metallmetallmetalmetall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies klingandeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hördepast tense of se, 'to see.'
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of träffathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of träffathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of träffatträffatcome uponträffa · verb, active, supineclausal complement of hördepåstruckpå · prepositionpreposition marking guldmyntettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of guldmyntguldmyntgold coinguldmynt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of träffatHe felt about with his hands on the ground, sensed that many round coins lay in the sand, and hurried up to Akka.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trevadetrevadefelt abouttreva · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking händernahändernathe handshänderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of trevadepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies händernakändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with trevadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lågdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on trevademångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies myntstyckenrundaroundrund · adjective, nominative, pluralpart of the phrase mångamyntstyckencoinsmyntstyck · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of lågiini · prepositionpreposition marking sandensandensandsand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with låguppupupp · adverbdepends on skyndadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking AkkaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of skyndadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
»The sacks have rotted and fallen apart,» he said, »so the money lies scattered in the sand, but I believe all the gold is still there.»
Påsarnathe sacksPåsarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of multnatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of multnatmultnatrottedmultna · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfallitfallenfalla · verb, active, supinecoordinated with multnatsönderapart/brokensönder · adverbdepends on fallitsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to multnathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of liggerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såpengarnamoneypengar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of liggerliggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on multnatströddascatteredströdd · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of liggeriini · prepositionpreposition marking sandensandensandsand · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of ströddamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with multnatattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of finnsalltallall · determiner, neuter, singularsubject of finnsguldetgoldguld · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase alltfinnsisfinnas · verb, present, indicativeclausal complement of trorkvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on finns— »That's good,» said Akka.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of braärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to brabragoodbra · adjective, nominativehead of the phrasesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to braAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of sadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
»Now fill in the hole again, and smooth the sand back, so that no one sees it has been disturbed!»
Fyllfillfylla · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies Fylligenagainigen · adverbdepends on Fyllhåletholehål · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of Fyllochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationläggputlägga · verb, imperative, activecoordinated with Fyllsandensandsand · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of läggtillbacktill · prepositionmodifies läggrättasmoothrätta · noun, common genderpart of the phrase tillThe gloss 'order' doesn't fit any of the four examples, which are three distinct idioms built on the noun 'rätta' (the right/correct state), not a standalone noun meaning 'order'.
såsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of serattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on Fyllattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of rubbaddenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of rubbadharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of rubbadvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to rubbadrubbaddisturbedrubbad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of ser- 20
The boy carried out the task, but when he came back up onto the rock, he was astonished to see that Akka had placed herself at the head of the six wild geese, and that they all came toward him with great solemnity.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fullgjordefullgjordecarried outfullgjor · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceuppdragettaskuppdrag · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fullgjordemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komnunownu · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fullgjordeuppupupp · adverbdepends on kompåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking klippanklippanthe cliffklippan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevförvånadastonishedförvåna · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on blevattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ställtAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of ställtproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ställtställtput/placedställa · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on blevsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ställtiati · prepositionpreposition marking spetsenspetsenfront/headspetse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ställti spetsen = 'at the head/front' (of a line).
förofför · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässendetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vildgässenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
sexsixsex · numeral, nominativequantifies vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ställtattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of mötesdetheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of honomSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
allaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of gingogingowentgingo · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies honomPast plural of 'gå' (to go/walk); mistagged as an adjective. Lemma should be 'gå'.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase atttilltowardtill · prepositionpreposition marking attmötestowardmötes · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with ställtOccurs in the fixed expression komma någon till mötes.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking högtidlighetstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies högtidlighethögtidlighetsolemnityhögtidlighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of mötes When they stopped in front of him, they bowed many times with their necks and looked so important that he had to take off his cap and bow to them.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stannadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of stannadestannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stannadenegobowednego · pronounsubject of gångerdetheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of gångerSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
mångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with stannademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking halsarnahalsarnaneckhals · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies gångerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågosawsågo · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with stannademistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw).
såsoså · adverbmodifies sågoviktigaimportantviktig · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of sågoutlookut · adverbdepends on sågoattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitivedepends on stannadeavoffav · prepositiondepends on tasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of taluvanthe capluvan · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of taochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbugabowbuga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with luvansighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of taförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of ta- 21
»It's like this,» said Akka, »we who are old have said to one another that if you, Thumbietot, had been in the service of humans and had done them as much good as you've done us, they surely wouldn't have parted from you without giving you a good reward.»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of såärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to såsålike thisså · adverbhead of the phrasesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to såAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of sadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skiljasviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive skiljassomwhosom · pronounsubject of gamlaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to gamlagamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on viharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagtsagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supinecoordinated with gamlatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking varandravarandraeach othervarandra · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of sagtattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varitomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varitduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varitTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with duthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on gamlaiini · prepositionmodifies varittjänstservicetjänst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase ihoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of varitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supinecoordinated with varitdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of gjortlikaequallylika · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies gottgottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies gjortsomassom · pronoundirect object of gjortThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjortharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjortgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supineclausal complement of varitossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of gjortsåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on skiljasskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skiljasdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of passive skiljasvälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies skiljasintenotinte · particlemodifies skiljasskiljasbe partedskilja · verb, passive, infinitiveclausal complement of »ifrånfromifrån · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skiljasutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of geatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of geinfinitive marker before a verb.
geto givege · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skiljasdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of geenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lönbragoodbra · adjective, nominativemodifies lönlönrewardlön · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ge — »It isn't I who have helped you, it's you who have taken care of me,» said the boy.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of jagärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to jagintenotinte · particlemodifies jagjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomwhosom · pronounsubject of hjälptThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hjälpthjälpthelpedhjälpa · verb, active, supinedepends on jageryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hjälptutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with tagitärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to tagitniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tagitsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of tagitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tagittagittakenta · verb, active, supinecoordinated with hjälptvårdcarevård · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tagitomofom · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tagitsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to jagpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade— »We also thought,» Akka went on, »that since a human being has traveled with us the whole journey, she surely shouldn't leave us as poor as she came to us.»
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies tycktefortforwent on/continuedfortfor · numeral, nominativemodifies AkkaPast tense of 'fortfara' (to continue); mistagged as a numeral.
AkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of följtdåsincedå · adverbmodifies följtenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of människamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of följtharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of följtföljtfollowedfölja · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on gåmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of följtpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking resanhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies resanresanjourneyresa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of följtskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåvälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies gåintenotinte · particlemodifies gågågogå · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to Akkaifrånfromifrån · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gålikaequallylika · adverbmodifies fattigfattigpoorfattig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of gåsomassom · pronoundirect object of komThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on gåtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kom— »I know that what I've gotten to learn this year with you is worth more than goods and gold,» said the boy.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of värtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of värtsomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of läraThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of läraharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lärafåttgotten tofå · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of lära"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
läralearnlära · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on detithis yeari · prepositionpreposition marking somåryearår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase ihoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of läraärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to värtmeramoremycket · adverbmodifies värtvärtworthvärd · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of vetänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking godsgodsgoodsgods · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of värtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationguldgoldguld · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with godssadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with värtpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade- 22
»Since these gold coins have remained in the cleft all these years, it's surely certain that they have no owner,» said the lead goose, »and I think you can keep them for yourself.»
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of liggerdetheseen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of guldmyntenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
härherehär · adverbpart of the phrase deguldmyntenthe gold coinsguldmynt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of liggerliggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on säkertkvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on liggeriini · prepositionpreposition marking klyftanklyftangorgeklyfta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of liggerännustillännu · adverbmodifies mångaefterafterefter · prepositionpart of the phrase ännusåsoså · adverbmodifies mångamångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies åråryearsår · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of liggerärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to säkertdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with säkertvälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies säkertsäkertsurelysäker · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies »used adverbially, 'certainly/surely'.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of finnsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsintenotinte · particlemodifies finnsfinnsexistsfinnas · verb, present, indicativeadverbial clause on säkertnågonnonågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ägareägareownerägare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finnstilloftill · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of finnssadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to finnsförargåsenlead gooseförargås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckertyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of taduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of takancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of tyckervarabevara · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tapåkeeppå · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of ta — »Wasn't it you yourselves who needed the treasure?» asked the boy.
Varwasvar · adverbhead of the phrasedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase Varintenotinte · particlemodifies Varniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase Varsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
självayourselvessjälv · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying nisomwhosom · pronounsubject of behövdeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
behövdeneededbehöva · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on Varskattentreasureskatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of behövdefrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågade— »Yes, we needed it so we could give you such a reward that your father and mother would think you had served as a goose-boy for honorable people.»
Jowell/yesjo · interjectiondepends on behövdeused to affirm or answer a question, often contradicting an implied doubt.
viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of behövdebehövdeneededbehöva · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of behövdeförso thatför · prepositionintroduces the clause of geatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of geinfinitive marker before a verb.
kunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of gegeto givege · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on behövdedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of gesådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lönsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
lönrewardlön · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of geattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tyckadinyourdu · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of farfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with farskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tyckatyckato thinktycka · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying lönattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tjänatduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tjänatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tjänattjänatserved astjäna · verb, active, supineclausal complement of tyckasomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåsapåggåsapåggoose boygåsapåg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of tjänatDialectal compound, 'goose boy' (the boy who herds/rides geese), used as Nils's nickname.
hoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking herrskaphederligthonesthederlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies herrskapherrskapgentlefolkherrskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of tjänat- 23
The boy now turned halfway around, cast a glance out over the sea, and then looked Akka straight into her bright eyes.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändevändeturnedvän · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceReally the past tense 'vände' of the verb vända ('to turn'), mistagged here under lemma vän.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vändenunownu · adverbmodifies vändehalvthalfhalv · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on vändeomaroundom · prepositionintroduces the clause of kastadekastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on vändeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of blickblickglanceblick · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kastadeutåtout overutåt · adverbpreposition marking havethavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kastadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vändepast tense of se, 'to see.'
därpåthen/after thatdärpå · adverbmodifies sågAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of sågproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
rättstraighträtt · adverbcomplement of sågininin · adverbdepends on sågiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking ögonendetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ögonenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
blankagleamingblank · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ögonenögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of såg »I think it's remarkable, mother Akka, that you're discharging me from service and giving me my pay before I've given notice,» he said.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckertyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of märkvärdigtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of märkvärdigtärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to märkvärdigtmärkvärdigtremarkablemärkvärdig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of tyckermormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with märkvärdigtAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with märkvärdigtproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of avskedarniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of avskedarsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
avskedarare dischargingavskeda · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on märkvärdigtmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of avskedarurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking tjänstentjänstenservicetjänst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of avskedarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgergivesge · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with avskedarmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of germinmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of lönpossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
lönpaylön · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gerinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sagtjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sagtharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagtsagtsaidsägga · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on märkvärdigtLemma normalized from archaic spelling; modern infinitive is säga.
oppupoppa · verb, present, indicative, activecomplement of sagtDialectal form of upp ("up"), a particle, not a finite verb; the parser mistagged it.
migmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of oppsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to märkvärdigthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade— »For as long as we wild geese linger in Sweden, I'd like to believe you'll stay with us,» said Akka.
Såasså · adverbmodifies längelängefor as long aslänge · adverbhead of the phrasesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dröjerviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of dröjervildgässwild geesevildgäss · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of dröjerdröjertakes a whiledröja · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on längeiini · prepositionpreposition marking SverigeSverigeSwedenSverige · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of dröjervillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of trojagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trovälI should thinkväl · adverbmodifies trotrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to längeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stannarduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stannarstannarstaystanna · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of trohoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of stannarsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to troAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
»But I wanted to show you where the treasure was, now that we could reach it without too great a detour.»
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of önskadeönskadewishedönska · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fannsvisato showvisa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of önskadedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of visavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to fannsskattentreasureskatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
nunownu · adverbmodifies kommadånow thatdå · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommaviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kommakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fannstilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommautanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of göraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göramakegöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kommaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of omvägalltförtooalltför · adverbmodifies storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies omvägomvägdetouromväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of göra— »It's still as I say, that you want to part with me before I myself am willing,» said Thumbietot.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sadeärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to Detändåstilländå · adverbmodifies ärsomassom · pronoundirect object of sägerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägersägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on Detattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skiljaniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skiljasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
villwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of skiljaskiljapart withskilja · verb, active, infinitivedepends on Detmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of skiljafrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of skiljaförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies jagused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harsjälvmyselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying jagharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with skiljalustdesirelust · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of harsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadethe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
»After as good a time as we've had together, I don't think it would be too much to ask that I too be allowed to go with you to foreign lands.»
Efterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking tidenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidsåasså · adverbmodifies godgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tyckersomassom · pronoundirect object of haftThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of haftharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinerelative clause on tidtillsammanstogethertillsammans · adverbdepends on hafttyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of mycketdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with mycketintenotinte · particlemodifies mycketvorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to mycketförtooför · adverbmodifies mycketmyckettoo muchmycket · adverbclausal complement of tyckerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fingejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fingeocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies fingefingemight get tofinge · verb, past, subjunctive, activedepends on mycketArchaic past subjunctive of få ("to get/be allowed").
faragofara · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fingesome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies faraObject form er of the plural/formal pronoun ni.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking utlandetutlandetabroadutland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies fara- 24
When the boy said this, Akka and the other wild geese stretched their long necks straight up and stood for a while drawing in air with half-open bills.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sadepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesadesaidsa · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sträcktedettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sadesträcktestretchedsträcka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of sträckteproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vildgässenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Akkaattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
sinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of halsarlångalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies halsarhalsarneckhals · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with sträckterättstraighträtt · adverbmodifies halsaruppupupp · adverbpart of the phrase rättochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstodostoodstodo · adverbcoordinated with halsarArchaic plural preterite of stå 'to stand', mistagged as adverb.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sträckteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsögodrew insögo · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with stundininin · adverbdepends on sögoluftairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sögomedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking näbbarhalvöppnahalf-openhalvöppna · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies näbbarnäbbarbeaksnäbb · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies luft »This is something I haven't thought about,» said Akka, once she had collected herself.
Dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of någotärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to någotnågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronoundirect object of tänktThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktintenotinte · particlemodifies tänktharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänkttänktthoughttänka · verb, active, supinerelative clause on någotpåaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking tänktsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with någotAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of sadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sadesansatcollected herselfsansa · verb, active, supinedirect object of hadesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sansat»But before you decide to follow us, it's best that we hear what Gorgo has to tell.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of beslutarduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of beslutarbeslutardecidebesluta · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on bästdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of beslutarförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of följaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of följainfinitive marker before a verb.
följato followfölja · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on beslutarossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of följaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to bästdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with bästbästbestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies förtäljaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of höraviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hörafårget tofå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörahörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitivedepends on bästvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of harGorgoGorgoGorgo · proper noun, nominativesubject of harProper name of an eagle character.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of förtäljaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förtäljainfinitive marker before a verb.
förtäljatellförtälja · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceA literary verb for modern Swedish berätta.
You should know that when we left Lapland, Gorgo and I agreed that he would travel to your home in Skåne and try to secure better terms for you.»
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetamåmaymå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of vetavetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lämnadenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lämnadeviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of lämnadelämnadeleftlämna · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of vetaLapplandLaplandLappland · proper noun, nominativedirect object of lämnadekomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vetaGorgoGorgoGorgo · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of komProper name (a wild goose/duck character) mistagged as an adjective.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Gorgoöverensin agreementöverens · adverbmodifies Gorgoattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of farahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of faraskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of farafaragofara · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on Gorgosome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking hemdittyourdu · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of hemsurface ditt is the neuter possessive 'your', not the pronoun 'you'.
hemhomehem · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies faraiini · prepositionpreposition marking SkåneSkåneSkåneSkåne · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of faraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsökasearchsöka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with faraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of utverkainfinitive marker before a verb.
utverkasecureutverka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of sökabättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies villkorvillkorconditionvillkor · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of utverkaförforför · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utverka- 25
»Yes, that's true,» said Gorgo.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on santdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of santärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to santsanttruesant · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with santGorgoGorgoGorgo · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sadeProper name of an eagle character; mistagged as a common noun plural.
»But, as I've already told you, I haven't had luck with me.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsomassom · pronoundirect object of sagtThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sagtredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies sagtharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagtsagtsaidsag · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on haftLemma is a truncated form of säga; surface sagt is the supine, 'said'.
digyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sagtharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of haftjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haftintenotinte · particlemodifies hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencelyckalucklycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haftmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of haftI soon enough found Holger Nilsson's croft, and when I had hovered back and forth over the farmyard for a couple of hours, I caught sight of the nisse, who came creeping between the houses.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of letadeletadesearchedleta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies letadenogenoughnog · adverbmodifies letaderedafind outreda · adverbdepends on letadepart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påfoundpå · prepositionpreposition marking torpHolgerHolgerHolger · proper noun, nominativepossessor of torpGiven name, father Holger Nilsson.
NilssonsNilsson'sNilsson · proper noun, genitivedepends on Holgertorpcottagetorp · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of letadesmall tenant farm/croft.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of svävatsvävathoveredsvävat · verb, active, supinecoordinated with letadeframforwardfram · adverbmodifies svävatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtillbakabacktillbaka · adverbcoordinated with framöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking gårdengårdenfarmyardgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tillbakaettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies timmartimmarhourstimme · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of svävatfickcaught sightfå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ficksynsightsyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking tomtentomtentomte (gnome)tomt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fickfalse friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of komThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
komcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on tomtensmygandecreepingsmygande · adjective, nominativedirect object of kommellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking husenhusenhouseshus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of komI threw myself on him at once and carried him off to a field, so that we could speak undisturbed.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kastadekastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of kastadegenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies kastadeöveronöver · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kastadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationforwentfor · adverbmodifies honomMistagged as adverb; this is the past tense of the verb 'fara', meaning 'went/traveled'.
bortawaybort · adverbpart of the phrase formedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularcoordinated with honomtilltotill · prepositionintroduces the clause of åkerenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singulardeterminer of åkeråkerfieldåka · verb, present, indicative, activeoblique complement of kastadeMislemmatized: surface is 'åker', the noun ('a field'), in both attested examples ('slog ner på en åker', 'stänger för en åker') — not a form of the verb åka ('to ride/drive'). Gloss corrected to the noun sense actually attested.
förso thatför · prepositionintroduces the clause of talasattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase förviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive talasskullecouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of talasfåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of talastalasto be talked abouttala · verb, passive, infinitiveadverbial clause on kastadeIdiom hört talas om = 'heard tell of.'
vidtogethervid · prepositionpreposition marking ostördaostördaundisturbedostörd · adjective, nominative, pluraloblique complement of talasI said I had been sent by Akka from Kebnekaise to ask whether he couldn't give Nils Holgersson better terms.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skickadjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skickadvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to skickadskickadsentskicka · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of sadeavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking AkkaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativeagent of skickadproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
frånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking KebnekajseKebnekajseKebnekaiseKebnekajse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skickadMountain in Lapland; Akka's epithet 'from Kebnekajse.'
förtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of frågaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of frågainfinitive marker before a verb.
frågaquestionfråga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on skickadomwhetherom · prepositionintroduces the clause of gehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of geintenotinte · particlemodifies gekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gegeto givege · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of frågaNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativeindirect object of geHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilsbättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies villkorvillkorconditionvillkor · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of Nils'I wish I could,' he answered, 'for I've heard that he has conducted himself well on the journey.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of önskarönskarwishesönska · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of önskarattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kundejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kundekundecouldkunna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on svaradesvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to önskarhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svaradeförforför · prepositionpreposition marking jagjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörtharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörthörtheardhöra · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on svaradeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skickathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skickatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of skickatskickatsentskickat · verb, active, supineclausal complement of svaradesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of skickatvälwellväl · adverbmodifies skickatunderonunder · prepositionpreposition marking resanresanjourneyresa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skickatBut it's not within my power.'
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies ståriwithini · prepositionpreposition marking maktminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of maktpossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
maktpowermakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stårThen I grew angry and said I wouldn't think it beneath me to peck his eyes out if he didn't give in.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevondangryond · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevthis is the adjective ond meaning 'angry' in this idiom (bli ond), not a numeral.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blevattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hållajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hållaintenotinte · particlemodifies hållaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållahållato think beneathhålla · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of blevmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hållaförtooför · adverbmodifies godgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hållaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hackainfinitive marker before a verb.
hackapeckhacka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hållasome examples use 'hacka' as the noun for a hoe or pick, not the verb 'to peck'.
utoutut · adverbdepends on hackahanshishan · pronounpossessor of ögonögoneyesögon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of hackaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gavhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gavintenotinte · particlemodifies gavgavgave inge · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hållaLight-verb idioms in the examples: "gav ... till ett klagoskrik" = let out a cry; "gav sig tid" = took the time — not literal "gave" in either case.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of gav'You can do with me as you like,' he said.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of görakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of göragöradogöra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of göravadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of villduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villvillwantsvilja · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on görasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to görahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade'With Nils Holgersson it will still be as I have said.
Medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking NilsNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativedepends on blirHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilsblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of blirändåstilländå · adverbmodifies blirsåasså · adverbmodifies blirsomassom · pronounsubject of sagtThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sagtharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagtsagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supineparallel clause to såBut you can tell him he'd do well to come home soon with his goose, for things stand badly here at the croft.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kankancankunna · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehälsatellhälsa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kanBoth given examples are the verb hälsa, not the noun: 'hälsa på i varenda gård' = 'to visit every farm', 'låter nu hälsa dig' = 'sends word/greeting to you'. The tagged noun sense ('health') is not attested in these examples; flagging as context-dependent since the surface is shared between noun and verb.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of kanattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gjordehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kanväldo wellväl · adverbmodifies gjordeomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommesnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies kommekommecamekomme · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kanArchaic subjunctive form of 'komma' (to come), used in conditional/reported clauses.
hemhomehem · adverbmodifies kommemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking gåssinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of gåsgåsgoosegås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommeförforför · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with kanillabadlyilla · adjective, nominativemodifies stårtillgoingtill · prepositiondepends on stårhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase tillpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking torpettorpetcottagetorp · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stårsmall tenant farm/croft.
Holger Nilsson has had to pay a surety for his brother, in whom he had put such great trust.
HolgerHolgerHolger · proper noun, nominativesubject of betalaGiven name, father Holger Nilsson.
NilssonNilssonNilsson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Holgersurname, as in Holger Nilsson, Nils's father.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of betalamåsthad tomåst · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of betalabetalato paybetala · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of borgenborgena suretyborgen · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of betala'Borgen' is 'the castle' (from 'borg') in most examples, but in ch50-p25 it's 'a surety' (from 'borgen', a loan guarantee).
förforför · prepositionpreposition marking brorsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of brorbrorbrotherbror · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies borgensomwhomsom · pronoundirect object of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on borgenenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tillitsåsuchså · adverbmodifies storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tillittillittrusttillit · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadetillintill · prepositionpreposition marking hadeHe bought a horse with borrowed money, but the horse went lame the very first day he drove it, and since then he's had no use of it.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hästhästhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of köptharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of köpthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of köptköptboughtköpt · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceförwithför · prepositionpreposition marking pengarlåntaborrowedlånta · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies pengarpengarmoneypengar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of köptmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with köpthaltlamehalt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevförstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies dagensurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
dagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blevhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kördekördedrovekörde · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on dagenhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of kördeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsedanthensedan · adverbmodifies hardessthenden · pronounpart of the phrase sedanch03-p50 example 'sedan dess' means 'since then', not possessive 'its' — pinning the gloss to 'its' teaches a lie for that collocation.
harhasha · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with blevhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haringennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of nyttanyttausenytta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supineclausal complement of haravofav · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of haftYes, tell Nils Holgersson that his parents have already had to sell two cows, and that they'll be forced to leave the croft if they don't get help from somewhere!'»
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on sägsägtellsäg · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativesubject of sägHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilsattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of säljaföräldrarnaparentsförälder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of säljaredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies harharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of säljamåsthad tomåst · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of säljasäljato sellsälja · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of sägtvåtwotvå · numeral, nominativequantifies korkorcowskor · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of säljaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blirdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fårtvungnaforcedtvungen · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of bliratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gåinfinitive marker before a verb.
gågogå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of blirifrånfromifrån · prepositionpreposition marking torpettorpetcottagetorp · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gåsmall tenant farm/croft.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fårdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fårintenotinte · particlemodifies fårfårgetfå · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with säljahjälphelphjälp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fårfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking hållnågotsomenågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of hållhålldirectionhåll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of får- 26
When the boy heard this, he drew his brows together, and his hands clenched so that his knuckles whitened.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hördepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on drogdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hördedrogpulleddra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of drogsammantogethersamman · adverbdepends on drogögonbryneneyebrowsögonbryn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of drogochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhändernathe handshänderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with drogknötoclenchedknöto · verb, past, indicative, activemodifies händernasigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of händernasåsoså · adverbmodifies händernaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vitnadeknogarnathe knucklesknogarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vitnadevitnadewhitenedvitnad · adjective, nominative, pluralclausal complement of drog »It's cruel of the nisse,» he said, »to have set such a condition on me that I can't go home and help my parents.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of grymtärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to grymtgrymtcruelgryma · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseavofav · prepositionpreposition marking tomtentomtentomte (gnome)tomt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularagent of grymtfalse friend: this is the household spirit 'tomte', not the unrelated noun tomt meaning 'plot of land'.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to grymthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of satthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sattsattsatsitta · verb, active, supineclausal complement of sadeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of villkorsådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies villkorvillkorconditionvillkor · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sattföronför · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommaintenotinte · particlemodifies kommakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of sadehemhomehem · adverbdepends on kommaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbiståto helpbistå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kommaminamyjag · pronoun, pluralpossessor of föräldrarThis entry is really the possessive "mina" (plural agreement), mistagged under the lemma jag.
föräldrarparentsförälder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of biståBut he won't succeed in making me a betrayer of friends.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies lyckasskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lyckasdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lyckaslyckassucceedslycka · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lyckasatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göramakegöra · verb, active, infinitivedepends on lyckasmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of göratillintotill · prepositionpreposition marking vänsvikarevänsvikarebetrayer of friendsvänsvikare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of göraFather and mother are honest people, and I know they'd rather do without my help than have me come back to them with a bad conscience.»
Farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of folkochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Farärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to folkhederligthonesthederlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies folkfolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with folkattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of saknardetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of saknarhellreratherhellre · adverbmodifies saknarsaknardoes withoutsakna · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of vetminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of hjälppossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
hjälphelphjälp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of saknaränthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on saknartillbakabacktillbaka · adverbdepends on kommatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of tillbakamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking samvetedåligtbaddålig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies samvetesamveteconsciencesamvete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of komma
The particulars
- The text
- Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige, Selma Lagerlöf. The Wonderful Adventures of Nils.
- Translation
- Public-domain Swedish (Lagerlöf, d. 1940; published 1906–07). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
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