Swedish · The Wonderful Adventures of Nils
En stor herrgård
A Great Manor
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THE OLD SQUIRE AND THE YOUNG SQUIRE.
GAMLEOLDGAMLE · numeral, nominativequantifies HERRNHERRNthe squireHERRN · nounhead of the phraseAll-caps title heading, 'the squire' (herrn).
OCHandoCH · conjunctionlinks the coordinationUNGEYOUNGUNGE · adverbhead of the phraseHERRNthe squireHERRN · noundirect object of UNGEAll-caps title heading, 'the squire' (herrn).
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For a few years now there had lived, in a parish in Västergötland, an indescribably kind and sweet little schoolmistress.
Föragoför · prepositionpreposition marking årnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of åråryearsår · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of fannssedanthensedan · adverbdepends on årfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsiini · prepositionpreposition marking sockenenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sockensockenparishsocken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fannsiini · prepositionpreposition marking VästergötlandVästergötlandVästergötlandVästergötland · proper noun, nominativemodifies sockenenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of folkskollärarinnaobeskrivligtindescribablyobeskrivlig · adverbmodifies snällsnällkindsnäll · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies folkskollärarinnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsötsweetsöt · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with snälllitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies folkskollärarinnafolkskollärarinnaschoolmistressfolkskollärarinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fanns She was both clever at teaching and firm at keeping order, and the children liked her so much that they never wanted to come to school without knowing their lessons.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of duktigvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to duktigbådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationduktigcapableduktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of undervisainfinitive marker before a verb.
undervisato teachundervisa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on duktigochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstyvfirmstyv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with undervisaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hållainfinitive marker before a verb.
hållato keep orderhålla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on duktigordningorderordning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hållaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with duktigsåsoså · adverbmodifies tycktemycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies tyckteomlikeom · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommaaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies kommavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of tycktetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking skolanskolanschoolskola · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommautanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of kunnaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kunnainfinitive marker before a verb.
kunnacankunna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kommasinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of läxorläxorlessonsläxor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of kunnaThe parents, too, were very pleased with her.
Föräldrarnathe parentsFörälder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of nöjdavorowerevoro · pronoun, accusativedepends on FöräldrarnaMistagged as a pronoun; voro is the archaic plural past tense of vara ("to be").
ocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies nöjdamycketverymycket · adverbmodifies nöjdanöjdacontentnöjd · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nöjdaThere was only one person who did not understand how good she was, and that was herself.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of endavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to endabarajustbara · adverbmodifies varenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularquantifies endaendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativehead of the phrasesomwhosom · pronounsubject of förstodThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies förstodförstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with endahurhowhur · adverbmodifies brabragoodbra · adverbmodifies förstodhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bravarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activemodifies förstodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with endahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on varsjälvherselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying honShe thought that everyone else was wiser and more capable than she was, and grieved that she could not become like them.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sörjdeallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of klokareandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies klokarevorowerevoro · particledepends on andraArchaic plural preterite of vara 'to be'; mistagged as particle.
klokarewiserklokare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sörjdeMistagged as a noun; 'klokare' is the comparative of the adjective 'klok' (wise).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskickligaremore capableskicklig · adverbcoordinated with klokareänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of honhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skickligareochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsörjdegrievedsörjde · verb, imperative, activeclausal complement of tyckteöveroveröver · prepositionintroduces the clause of bliattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blihonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bliintenotinte · particlemodifies blikundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sörjdesomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralcomplement of bli- 3
When the schoolmistress had been in service for a few years, the school board proposed that she should go through the Nääs handicraft seminary, so that from then on she would be able to teach children to work not only with their heads, but also with their hands.
DåwhenDå · subordinating conjunctionmodifies varitlärarinnanteacherlärarinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on föreslogiini · prepositionpreposition marking tjänstentjänstenservicetjänst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of varitnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of åråryearsår · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies tjänstenföreslogproposedföreslå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceskolrådetthe school boardskolråd · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of föreslogattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of föreslogigenomthroughigenom · prepositiondepends on gåNääsNääsNääs · proper noun, genitivepossessor of slöjdseminariumslöjdseminariumhandicraft seminaryslöjdseminarium · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gåsåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of läraattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lärahädanefterfrom then onhädanefter · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activemodifies läraskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lärakunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of läralärateachlära · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gåbarnchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of läraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of arbetainfinitive marker before a verb.
arbetaworkarbeta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on läraintenotinte · particlemodifies arbetabarajustbara · adverbmodifies arbetamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking huvudethuvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of arbetautanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
ocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies händernamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking händernahändernathe handshänderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with föreslog No one can imagine how frightened she became when she received this summons.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tänkakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänkaingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of tänkatänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesigoneselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tänkahurhowhur · adverbmodifies skrämdskrämdfrightenedskrämd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies honhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tänkanärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fickhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickreceivedfå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blevdennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of uppmaninguppmaningsummonsuppmaning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickNääs did not lie at all far from her school.
NääsNääsNääs · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies lågallsat allalls · adverbmodifies låglångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies bortbortawaybort · adverbmodifies lågfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking skolahennesherhon · pronounpossessor of skolapossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
skolaschoolskola · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bortShe had walked past the beautiful and stately place many times, and she had heard much praise of the handicraft courses that were held at the great old manor.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttwalked pastgå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceförbipastförbi · adverbdepends on gåttdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of gångervackrabeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gångerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationståtligastatelyståtlig · adjective, nominative, singularcoordinated with vackraställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies flerafleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with vackragångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of gåttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörthörtheardhöra · verb, active, supinecoordinated with gåttmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies berömberömpraiseberöm · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hörtomofom · prepositionpreposition marking slöjdkursernaslöjdkursernahandicraft coursesslöjdkurs · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of hörtsomthatsom · pronounsubject of höllosThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hölloswere heldhöllos · noun, nominative, neuter, singularrelative clause on slöjdkursernaHöllos is the historical plural passive form of hålla.
påatpå · prepositionpreposition marking herrgårdendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of herrgårdenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies herrgårdenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
gamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies herrgårdenherrgårdenmanor househerrgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of höllosTeachers, men and women, from all over the country gathered there to learn to use their hands — indeed, people even came from abroad.
LärareteachersLärare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive samladesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlärarinnorfemale teacherslärarinna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Lärarefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking landethelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies lärarinnorsamladesgatheredsamla · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentencedittheredit · adverbmodifies samladesförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of läraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of lärainfinitive marker before a verb.
läralearnlära · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on samladesatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of brukainfinitive marker before a verb.
brukausebruka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on läraFirst example ('hon knappast kunde bruka den' = 'she could scarcely use it', of an injured wing) is the sense 'to use', which was missing from the senses list.
sinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of händerhänderhandshända · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of brukaPlural of hand; lemma mislabeled 'hända' but this is händer, 'hands'.
jayesja · interjectiondepends on läradetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with samladestilleventill · prepositiondepends on komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with tillfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking utlandetutlandetabroadutland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies människorShe knew beforehand how terribly anxious she would feel among so many excellent people.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåbeforehandpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of kännaförhandbeforehandförhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase påhurhowhur · adverbmodifies ängsligförfärligtterriblyförfärlig · adverbmodifies ängsligängsliganxiousängslig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies honhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kännaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kännakommato comekomma · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of kännaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kännainfinitive marker before a verb.
kännato feelkänna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on visstesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kännablandamongbland · prepositionpreposition marking folksåsoså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmanymycket · adverbmodifies utmärktutmärktexcellentutmärkt · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies folkfolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kännaShe thought it was more than she could manage to go through.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of merdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of mervarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to mermermoremycket · adverbclausal complement of tyckteänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of orkahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of orkakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of orkaorkahave the strength toorka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tyckteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gåinfinitive marker before a verb.
gågogå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of orkaigenomthroughigenom · prepositiondepends on gå- 4
But neither did she want to say no to the school board, so she sent in her application.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägaintenotinte · particlemodifies sägahellereitherheller · adverbmodifies sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencenejnonej · interjectiondirect object of sägatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking skolrådetskolrådetthe school boardskolråd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sägautanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
sändesentsän · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sägaLemma is a truncated form of sända; surface sände is the past tense, 'sent'.
ininin · adverbdepends on sändesinhersig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of ansökanansökanapplicationansökan · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sände She was accepted as a student, and one fine June evening, the day before the summer courses were to begin, she packed her clothes into a small knapsack and walked to Nääs.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceantagenacceptedantag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of elevelevpupilelev · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of junikvällvackerbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies junikvälljunikvällJune eveningjunikväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with blevdagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with junikvällinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of börjasommarkursernathe summer coursessommarkurs · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of börjaskullewere toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of börjabörjato beginbörja · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on junikvällpackadepackedpacka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to blevhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of packadeininin · adverbdepends on packadesinahersig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of kläderkläderclotheskläder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of packadeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking nattsäckenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of nattsäcklitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies nattsäcknattsäckknapsacknattsäck · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of packadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvandradewanderedvandra · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with nattsäckTagged as an adjective but is the past tense of vandra, 'to wander/walk'.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking NääsNääsNääsNääs · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of nattsäckAnd however many times she stopped along the way, and however far away she wished herself to be, she got there at last.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhurhowhur · adverbmodifies mångamångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies honhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stannadeänhoweverän · adverbmodifies stannadestannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåalongpå · prepositionpreposition marking vägenvägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stannadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhurhowhur · adverbmodifies långtlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies honbortawaybort · adverbpart of the phrase långthonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of önskadeänhoweverän · adverbmodifies önskadeönskadewishedönska · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stannadesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of önskadevarabevara · verb, active, infinitivemodifies önskadekomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komframforwardfram · adverbdepends on komtillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies komsistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase till- 5
At Nääs there was life and bustle with all the course participants, who arrived from various directions and who were now to be shown to lodgings in villas and cottages belonging to the great estate.
Påatpå · prepositionpreposition marking NääsNääsNääsNääs · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of livvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to livdetthereden · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of livlivlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrörelsemovementrörelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with livmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking kursdeltagarnaallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of kursdeltagarnakursdeltagarnathe course participantskursdeltagarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies livsomwhosom · pronounsubject of anländeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
anländearrivedanlän · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on livfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking hållolikadifferentolik · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hållhålldirectionshåll · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of anländeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsomwhosom · pronounsubject of fåThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
nunownu · adverbmodifies fåskullewere toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfåbe assignedfå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with livsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of fåanvisadeassignedanvisa · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of fåbostäderdwellingsbostad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of anvisadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking villorvillorvillasvilla · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of fåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtorpcroftstorp · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with villorsomthatsom · pronounsubject of hördeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on villortilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking egendomendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of egendomenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies egendomenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
egendomenestateegendom · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hörde Everyone felt a little lost in the unfamiliar surroundings, but the schoolmistress thought, as usual, that no one behaved more awkwardly and strangely than she did.
Allaallall · pronoun, pluralsubject of kändekändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of kändeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of smulasmulabitsmula · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändebortkomnalostbortkomna · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of kändeiini · prepositionpreposition marking omgivningendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of omgivningenovanaunfamiliarovan · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies omgivningenomgivningenthe surroundingsomgivning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bortkomnamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlärarinnanteacherlärarinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kändesomassom · adverbmodifies tyckteAdverbial/conjunctive use of som ('as/just as'), distinct from its usual relative-pronoun sense.
vanligtusualvanlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of baringenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of barbarcarriedba · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on tyckteTagged present tense, but every occurrence is the old preterite of bära ("carried"), not the present.
sigoneselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bartafattawkwardlytafatt · adverbmodifies barochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbesynnerligtstrangelybesynnerlig · adverbcoordinated with baråtin that wayåt · prepositiondepends on barmermoremycket · adverbmodifies baränthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of honhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on barShe had frightened herself so badly that she neither heard nor saw.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceskrämtfrightenedskrämt · adverbmodifies hadeuppupupp · adverbpart of the phrase skrämtsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of hadesjälvherselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sigsåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of hördeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördevarkenneithervarken · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhördeheardhörde · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hadeelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hördepast tense of se, 'to see.'
These, too, were hard things for her to go through.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with sakervarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to sakerocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies sakersvåradifficultsvår · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sakersakerthingssak · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of gåThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåhadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gåinfinitive marker before a verb.
gågogå · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on sakerigenomthroughigenom · prepositiondepends on gåShe was assigned a room in a lovely villa, where she was to live with a few young girls she did not know at all, and she got to eat her supper together with seventy strangers.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceanvisadassignedanvisad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of rumrumroomrum · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of anvisadiini · prepositionpreposition marking villaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of villavackerbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies villavillavillavilla · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of anvisaddärtheredär · adverbmodifies bohonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of boskullewas toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of boboto livebo · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on villa"To dwell/live"; not to be confused with bo, "nest".
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking flickornågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of flickorungayoungung · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies flickorflickorgirlsflicka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of bosomthatsom · pronoundirect object of kändeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändeintenotinte · particlemodifies kändeallsat allalls · adverbmodifies kändekändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on boochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ätafickgot tofå · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ätaätaeatäta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with blevsinhersig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of kvällsvardkvällsvardsupperkvällsvard · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ätatillsammanstogethertillsammans · adverbmodifies sjuttiomedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sjuttiosjuttioseventysjuttio · adverboblique complement of främmandefrämmandestrangefrämmande · adjective, nominativemodifies ätaOn one side of her sat a little gentleman with a yellowish complexion, who was said to be from Japan, and on the other a schoolmaster from Jokkmokk.
Påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sidanenaoneena · adjective, nominativemodifies sidansidansidesida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of satthenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of herrelitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies herreherregentlemanherre · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattCapitalized Herre in 'Vår Herre' means 'Our Lord'; lower-case herre elsewhere means 'gentleman/master'.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hygulaktigyellowishgulaktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hyhycomplexionhy · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattsomwhosom · pronounsubject of JapanThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
skullewas said toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of Japanvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to Japanfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking JapanJapanJapanJapan · proper noun, nominativerelative clause on hyochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking andradenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andraandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies skollärareenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skollärareskollärareschoolteacherskollärare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sattfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking JockmockJockmockJokkmokkJockmock · proper noun, nominativemodifies skollärareHistorical spelling of modern Jokkmokk.
And there had been talk and merriment around the long tables from the very first moment.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of samspråkhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of samspråkvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to samspråkettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of samspråksamspråkconversationsamspråk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of glättighetglättighetmerrimentglättighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with samspråkomkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking bordendetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of bordenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
långalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bordenbordentablesbord · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of samspråkfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking stundenförstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies stundensurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
stundenwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bordenEveryone had talked and made acquaintances.
Allaallall · pronoun, pluralsubject of talathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of talattalattalkedtala · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supinecoordinated with talatbekantskaperacquaintancesbekantskap · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of gjortShe was the only one who had not dared to say a word.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of endavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to endadeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of varendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativehead of the phrasesomwhosom · pronounsubject of vågatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of vågathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vågatvågatdaredvåga · verb, active, supineparallel clause to endasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of vågat- 6
The next morning the work began.
Nästanextnästa · adjective, nominativemodifies morgonmorgonmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencearbetetworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of togsinbegansig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of börjanbörjanbeginningbörjan · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tog Here, as in an ordinary school, the day had begun with morning prayer and singing; then the director, who headed the seminary, had spoken a little about handicraft and given a few brief instructions, and so, before she quite knew how it had come about, she found herself in front of a workbench with a piece of wood in one hand and a knife in the other, while an old handicraft teacher tried to show her how to whittle a flower peg.
Härherehär · adverbmodifies talatsomassom · pronounsubject of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking skolaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skolavanligordinaryvanlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies skolaskolaschoolskola · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Härdagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadebegyntbegunbegynt · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of hademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking morgonbönmorgonbönmorning prayermorgonbön · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsångsongsång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with morgonbönsedanthensedan · adverbintroduces the clause of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hadedirektörenthe directordirektöre · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadesomwhosom · pronounsubject of förestodThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
förestodwas in store forförestå · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on direktörenseminarietthe seminaryseminari · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of förestodtalattalkedtala · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceliteta littlelitet · adverbmodifies talatomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking slöjdslöjdhandicraftslöjd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgettgivenge · verb, active, supinecoordinated with talatnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of förhållningsorderkortashortkort · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies förhållningsorderförhållningsorderinstructionsförhållningsorder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of gettochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåsoså · adverbcoordinated with talatutanwithoututan · prepositionlinks the coordinationattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of visstehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vissterättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on talathurhowhur · adverbmodifies gåttdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttcome aboutgå · verb, active, supineclausal complement of visstetillabouttill · prepositiondepends on gåttbefannwasbefann · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with talatreflexive befinna sig = 'to be located'.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of befannsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of befannframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking hyvelbänkenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hyvelbänkhyvelbänkworkbenchhyvelbänk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of befannmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking styckeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of styckestyckepiecestycke · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hyvelbänkträwoodträ · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies styckeiini · prepositionpreposition marking handenenaoneena · adjective, nominativemodifies handenhandenhandhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of träochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of knivknivknifekniv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with träiini · prepositionpreposition marking andradenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andraandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies knivochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of slöjdläraregammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies slöjdlärareslöjdlärarehandicraft teacherslöjdlärare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försökteförsöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with befannvisato showvisa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försöktehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of visahurhowhur · adverbmodifies täljahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of täljaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of täljatäljawhittletälja · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of visaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of blompinneblompinneplant stakeblompinne · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tälja- 7
Such work she had never tried before.
SådantsuchSådant · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies arbetearbeteworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of prövathonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of prövataldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies prövatförrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies prövatprövattriedpröva · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencepåtriedpå · prepositiondepends on prövat She did not have the knack of it.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies hadehandgreppenthe knackhandgrepp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeinnemasteredinne · adverbmodifies hadeAnd as confused as she was then, she could grasp nothing.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåasså · adverbmodifies förvirradförvirradconfusedförvirrad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on fattasomassom · pronounintroduces the clause of varThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on somdåthendå · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularadverbial clause on förvirradthe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
kundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fattahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fattaingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies fattafattagraspfatta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceWhen the teacher had gone away from her, she laid the knife and the piece of wood down on the workbench and stood staring straight ahead of her.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåttlärarenteacherlärare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttgone awaygå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on ladeifrånfromifrån · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåttladelaidla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentence"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ladenerdownner · adverbdepends on ladeknivenknifekniv · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ladeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationträstycketthe piece of woodträstycke · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with knivenpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking hyvelbänkenhyvelbänkenthe workbenchhyvelbänk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies trästycketochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ladeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstirradestaredstirra · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with stodReally the past tense of the verb stirra ('to stare'), mistagged here as an adjective.
rättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of stodframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of stod- 8
All around the room stood workbenches, and by all of them she saw people setting to work with fresh courage.
Runtall aroundrunt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies stodoomaroundom · prepositionpart of the phrase Runtiaroundi · prepositionpreposition marking rummetrummetroomrum · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of Runtstodostoodstodo · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasePast plural of stå ('to stand'); tagged as adjective.
hyvelbänkarworkbencheshyvelbänk · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcomplement of stodoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvidbyvid · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of sågallaallall · pronoun, pluraldirect object of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodohonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågmänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sågsomwhosom · pronounsubject of togoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking modfrisktfreshfrisk · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies modmodcouragemod · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of togotogotooktogo · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sågOld plural past tense of taga/ta ('to take').
fattholdfatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies togoOccurs in the fixed idiom 'få/gripa fatt (i)', 'to get/grab hold (of)'.
påtopå · prepositionpreposition marking arbetetarbetetworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of togo A couple of them, who were somewhat at home in the craft, came and wanted to help her along.
Ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseavofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies parsomwhosom · pronounsubject of voroThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
vorowerevoro · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on demlitetsomewhatliten · adverbmodifies hemmathis type bundles the positive and comparative degree forms (litet, mindre) under one entry.
hemmaat homehemma · adverbmodifies voroiini · prepositionpreposition marking konstenkonstenartkonst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hemmakommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with hemmakommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hjälpahjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with vorohenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälpatillalongtill · prepositionmodifies hjälparättaalongrätta · adjective, nominative, pluralpart of the phrase tillBut she could not accept any guidance.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of takundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of taintenotinte · particlemodifies tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceemotacceptemot · prepositiondepends on tanågonanynågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of handledninghandledningguidancehandledning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of taShe stood thinking that everyone around her noticed how badly she was going about it, and this made her so unhappy that she became quite paralyzed.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodpåthatpå · prepositiondepends on stodattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ladeallaallall · pronoun, pluralsubject of ladeomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ladeladenoticedla · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on stod"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
märkenoticemärke · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of ladeBoth attested examples are the idiom 'lägga märke till' = 'to notice', not the bare noun 'mark'; flag as context-dependent so the idiomatic sense isn't lost.
tilltotill · prepositionintroduces the clause of barhurhowhur · adverbmodifies galetgaletbadlygale · adverbmodifies barhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of barbarcarriedba · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ladeTagged present tense, but every occurrence is the old preterite of bära ("carried"), not the present.
sigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of baråtabout itåt · prepositiondepends on barochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodhenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordesåsoså · adverbmodifies olyckligolyckligunhappyolycklig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of gjordeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blevhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on stodalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies förlamadsomas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förlamadförlamadparalyzedförlamad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blev- 9
There was breakfast, and after breakfast there was new work.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencefrukostbreakfastfrukost · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking frukostenfrukostenbreakfastfrukost · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blevdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of arbetenyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies arbetearbeteworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of blev The director gave a lecture, then followed a gymnastics exercise, and then the handicraft instruction resumed.
Direktörenthe directorDirektören · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllhöllheldhöll · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of föreläsningföreläsninglectureföreläsning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of höllsedanthensedan · adverbmodifies följdeföljdefollowedfölja · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on höllenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gymnastikövninggymnastikövninggymnastics exercisegymnastikövning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of följdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies vidtogvidtogresumedvidtog · verb, imperative, activecoordinated with höllåteragainåter · prepositionmodifies vidtogslöjdundervisningenthe handicraft instructionslöjdundervisninge · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of vidtogThen came the midday rest with dinner and coffee-drinking in the big, cheerful assembly hall, and then in the afternoon more handicraft work, singing practice, and finally games out in the open.
DärpåthenDärpå · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of middagsrastMistagged as a noun; därpå is the adverb "then/thereupon".
komcamekomma · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of middagsrastmiddagsrastmidday restmiddagsrast · adjective, nominative, superlativehead of the phrasemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking middagsätningmiddagsätningdinnermiddagsätning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of middagsrastochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkaffedrickningcoffee-drinkingkaffedrickning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with middagsätningiini · prepositionpreposition marking samlingssalendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of samlingssalenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies samlingssalenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
gladagladglad · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with storasamlingssalenthe assembly hallsamlingssal · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kaffedrickningochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies eftermiddagenpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking eftermiddageneftermiddagenafternooneftermiddag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with middagsrastnyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies slöjdandeslöjdandehandicraft workslöjdande · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesångövningsinging practicesångövning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with slöjdandeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtillat lasttill · prepositionpreposition marking lekarsistlastsist · adverbmodifies lekarlekargameslek · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with slöjdandeuteoutsideute · adverbmodifies lekariin the openi · prepositionpreposition marking friadetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of friafriafreefri · adjective, nominative, singularoblique complement of lekarThe schoolmistress was in motion all day, going along with the others, but felt just as despairing the whole time.
Lärarinnanteacherlärarinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceiin motioni · prepositionpreposition marking rörelserörelsemovementrörelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of varhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vargickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with varmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking andradetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andraSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraothersannan · pronoun, pluraloblique complement of gickmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gicksigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kändealltjämtstillalltjämt · adverbmodifies kändelikaequallylika · adverbmodifies förtvivladförtvivladdespairingförtvivlad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of kände- 10
When she later thought back on the first days she had spent at Nääs, it seemed to her that she had gone about as if in a fog.
Dåwhendå · adverbintroduces the clause of tänktehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktesedanthensedan · adverbmodifies tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tycktestillbakabacktillbaka · adverbdepends on tänktepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking dagarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of dagarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
förstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies dagarnasurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
dagarnadaysdag · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of tänktesomthatsom · pronoundirect object of tillbringatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tillbringathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tillbringattillbringatspenttillbringa · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on tänktepåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking NääsNääsNääsNääs · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of tillbringattycktesseemedtycktes · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktesattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåtthonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttgone aboutgå · verb, active, supinedepends on hennesomas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dimmaiini · prepositionpreposition marking dimmaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dimmadimmathe fogdimma · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of gått Everything had been dim and clouded, and she had not really seen or understood what was going on around her.
AllteverythingAllt · adverbmodifies dunkelthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of dunkeltvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to dunkeltdunkeltdimdunkel · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomtöcknatcloudedomtöckna · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with dunkeltochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with dunkeltraktreallyrak · adverbmodifies settintenotinte · particlemodifies settsettseense · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on hadeBackbone mistags this as an adjective; the surface (sett) is the supine of se, 'to see'.
elleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförståttunderstoodförstå · verb, active, supinecoordinated with settvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on försiggicksomthatsom · pronounsubject of försiggickThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
försiggickwas going onförsiggå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hadeomkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of försiggickThis had lasted for two days, but on the evening of the second day it had suddenly begun to grow lighter around her.
Dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varatvaratlastedvarat · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on ljusnaifori · prepositionpreposition marking dagartvåtwotvå · numeral, nominativequantifies dagardagardaysdag · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of varatmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationandraothertvå · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies dagenSurface "andra" here means "other," not "two" — a lemma/tag mismatch in the source data.
dagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with varatpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking kvällenkvälleneveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies dagenhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ljusnadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ljusnaheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies plötsligtplötsligtsuddenlyplötslig · adverbmodifies ljusnakommitcomekomma · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of ljusnain kommit att + infinitive, 'come to (do something)'.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ljusnainfinitive marker before a verb.
ljusnagrow lighterljusna · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceomkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ljusna- 11
When they had eaten supper, an old schoolmaster who had been at Nääs several times before had told a couple of newcomers how the handicraft seminary had come into being, and since she happened to be sitting quite close by, she had not been able to avoid listening to his words.
Dåwhendå · adverbintroduces the clause of spisatdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of spisathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of spisatspisateatenspisa · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hadekvällsvardsupperkvällsvard · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of spisathadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on berättatenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of folkskolläraregammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies folkskollärarefolkskollärareschoolmasterfolkskollärare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadesomwhosom · pronounsubject of förutThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förutvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to förutpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking gångerNääsNääsNääs · proper noun, nominativequantifies gångerfleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of förutförutbeforeförut · adverbmodifies hadeberättattoldberätta · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseSupine of 'berätta' (told), mistagged as an adjective.
förtoför · prepositionpreposition marking nykomlingarettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies nykomlingarnykomlingarnewcomersnykomling · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of berättathurhowhur · adverbmodifies uppståttslöjdseminarietthe handicraft seminaryslöjdseminari · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of uppståtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of uppståttuppståttarisenuppstå · verb, active, supinerelative clause on nykomlingarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsomsincesom · pronounsubject of sittaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkatråkathappened toråka · auxiliary verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sittasittato sitsitta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with berättatheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies näranäraclose bynära · adverbmodifies sittaType lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of undgåhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undgåintenotinte · particlemodifies undgåkunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of undgåundgåto avoidundgå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sittaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of lyssnainfinitive marker before a verb.
lyssnato listenlyssna · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of undgåtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ordhanshishan · pronounpossessor of ordordwordord · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of lyssna - 12
He had told how Nääs was a very old place, but that it had been nothing more than a large and beautiful manor until the old squire, who now owned it, had moved there.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of talattalattalkedtala · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceomthatom · prepositiondepends on talatattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ställeNääsNääsNääs · proper noun, nominativesubject of ställevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ställeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ställemycketverymycket · adverbmodifies gammaltgammaltoldgammal · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ställeställeplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of talatmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnågontinganythingnågonting · adverbmodifies annatIndefinite pronoun, mistagged here as an adverb.
annatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies enänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase annatenaen · determiner, common gender, singularquantifies storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies herrgårdochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvackerbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies herrgårdherrgårdmanor househerrgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of varithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varitintenotinte · particlemodifies varitvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to ställeförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies gamleused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gamlegamlethe old mangamle · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularoblique complement of herrnDefinite adjective used substantively for 'the old man'.
herrnthe gentlemanherrn · adverbdepends on ställeMistagged as adverb; this is 'herre' with the definite suffix, meaning 'the gentleman/master'.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of ägdeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
nunownu · adverbmodifies ägdeägdeownedäg · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on herrndetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of ägdehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flyttatflyttatmovedflytta · verb, active, supinecoordinated with ställedittheredit · adverbmodifies flyttat He was a rich man, and for the first years after he had settled there, he had devoted himself to beautifying the castle and the park and to improving the dwellings of his tenants.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of manvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to manenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of manrikrichrik · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies manmanmanman · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ägnatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of årenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
förstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies årensurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
årenyearsår · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with mansedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slagithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slagithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slagitslagitsettledslå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on mansighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of slagitnerdownner · adverbdepends on slagitdärtheredär · adverbmodifies slagithadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ägnathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ägnatägnatdevotedägnaa · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ägnatåttoåt · prepositionintroduces the clause of förskönaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förskönainfinitive marker before a verb.
förskönabeautifyförsköna · noun, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on ägnatslottetcastleslott · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of förskönaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationparkenparkpark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with slottetochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hjälpainfinitive marker before a verb.
hjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with ägnatuppupupp · adverbdepends on hjälpadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of underhavandesSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
underhavandestenants'underhavandes · adjective, genitive, pluralmodifies bostäderbostäderdwellingsbostad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hjälpaBut then his wife had died, and since he had no children, he often felt lonely on his great estate.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of dötthanshishan · pronounpossessor of hustruhustruwifehustru · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of döttdöttdieddö · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on kändeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsomsincesom · pronounoblique complement of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadeintenotinte · particlemodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with döttnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of barnbarnchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of hadekändefeltkändäge · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceSurface 'kände' is past tense of 'känna' (to feel); the lemma 'kändäge' is a parser artifact.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kändemångenmany a (one)mång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändesurface mången, an archaic indefinite pronoun/adjective, not a noun.
gångoftengång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kändeensamaloneensam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of kändepåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking gårdsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of gårdstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gårdweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
gårdestategård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kändeHe then persuaded a young nephew, of whom he was very fond, to settle with him out at Nääs.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of övertaladeövertaladepersuadedövertala · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedåthendå · adverbmodifies övertaladeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of systersonungyoungung · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies systersonsystersonnephewsysterson · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of övertaladeSpecifically a sister’s son.
somwhomsom · pronounsubject of kärThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to kärhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase varmycketverymycket · adverbmodifies kärkärdearkär · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on systersonatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bosättainfinitive marker before a verb.
bosättato settlebosätta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kärsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bosättahoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bosättauteoutsideute · adverbmodifies bosättapåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking NääsNääsNääsNääs · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of ute- 13
At first it was intended that the young squire should help with the running of the estate, but when, for that purpose, he went about among the tenants and saw how the poor lived in their cottages, he had come upon strange thoughts.
Iat firsti · prepositionmodifies meningenförstoneat firstförstone · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase Ivarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to meningendetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with meningenmeningenintendedmening · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hjälpadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ungeungeyoung oneung · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of hjälpaherrnthe gentlemanherrn · adverbsubject of hjälpaMistagged as adverb; this is 'herre' with the definite suffix, meaning 'the gentleman/master'.
skulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hjälpahjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying meningentillouttill · prepositiondepends on hjälpamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking skötselgårdensthe estate'sgård · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of skötselskötselrunningskötsel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hjälpamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gickhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickfördenskullfor that reasonfördenskull · adverbmodifies gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies underhavandeblandamongbland · prepositionpreposition marking underhavandedetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of underhavandeSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
underhavandethe tenantsunderhavande · adjective, nominativemodifies gickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickpast tense of se, 'to see.'
hurhowhur · adverbmodifies levdesdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of passive levdeslevdeswas livedlevdes · verb, past, indicative, passiveclausal complement of sågiini · prepositionpreposition marking kojordetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fattigasSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
fattigasthe poor'sfattiga · adjective, genitive, pluralpossessor of kojorkojorhutskojor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of levdeshadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineparallel clause to gickpåuponpå · prepositionpreposition marking tankarunderligastrangeunderlig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tankartankarthoughtstank · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kommit He had noticed that in most places neither the men nor the children — indeed, often not even the women — occupied themselves with handwork during the long winter evenings.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lagthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lagtlagtlaidlägga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencemärkenoticemärke · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of lagtBoth attested examples are the idiom 'lägga märke till' = 'to notice', not the bare noun 'mark'; flag as context-dependent so the idiomatic sense isn't lost.
tilltotill · prepositionintroduces the clause of syssladeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of syssladeinfinitive marker before a verb.
påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking ställendetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ställenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
flestamostmången · adjective, nominative, plural, superlativemodifies ställenställenplacesställe · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of syssladesyssladewas busysyssla · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on lagtvarkenneithervarken · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkarlarnathe menkarlare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with syssladeelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with karlarnajayesja · interjectioncoordinated with syssladeoftaoftenofta · adverbmodifies gångnogindeednog · adverbmodifies gångintenotinte · particlemodifies gångenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångevengång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kvinnornakvinnornawomenkvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of lagtmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking handarbetehandarbetehandworkhandarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies kvinnornaunderduringunder · prepositionpreposition marking vinterkvällarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vinterkvällarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
långalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vinterkvällarnavinterkvällarnathe winter eveningsvinterkvällarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies handarbeteIn former times people had had to make diligent use of their hands to make clothes and household goods, but nowadays all such things could be bought, and so they had given up that kind of work.
Förrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies nyttjaiini · prepositionpreposition marking världenvärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Förrhadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of nyttjafolketpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of hademåsthad tomåst · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of nyttjaflitigtdiligentlyflitig · adverbmodifies nyttjanyttjato usenyttja · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of händerhänderhandshända · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of nyttjaPlural of hand; lemma mislabeled 'hända' but this is händer, 'hands'.
förtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of tillverkaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tillverkainfinitive marker before a verb.
tillverkato maketillverka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on nyttjakläderclotheskläder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of tillverkaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhusgerådhousehold goodshusgeråd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with klädermenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnumeranowadaysnumera · adverbmodifies fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativecoordinated with nyttjaexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
alltallallt · adverbmodifies sådantsådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fannsatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of köpainfinitive marker before a verb.
köpato buyköpa · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying sådantochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärförsodärför · adverbmodifies slutathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slutatdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of slutatslutatgiven upsluta · verb, active, supinecoordinated with nyttjauppupupp · adverbdepends on slutatmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking arbetedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sortenssortenskind ofsort · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of arbetearbeteworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of slutatAnd now the young squire thought he understood that in the cottage where home handiwork had ceased, home comfort and prosperity had also moved away.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of tycktedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ungeungeyoung oneung · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of tyckteherrnthe gentlemanherrn · adverbmodifies tyckteMistagged as adverb; this is 'herre' with the definite suffix, meaning 'the gentleman/master'.
förståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stuganiini · prepositionpreposition marking stugandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tycktedärtheredär · adverbmodifies upphörthemarbetetthe home handiworkhemarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of upphörthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of upphörtupphörtceasedupphöra · verb, active, supinerelative clause on stugandärtheredär · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on upphörthemtrevnadenthe home comforthemtrevnad · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvälståndetprosperityvälstånd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of flyttatocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies flyttatflyttatmovedflytta · verb, active, supinecoordinated with hadebortawaybort · adverbdepends on flyttat- 14
Now and then he came upon a home where the father carpentered chairs and tables and the mother wove, and it was easy to see that there the people were not only better off, but also happier than in the other places.
Någonnow and thennågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångnow and thengång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of träffadeträffadecame uponträffa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of träffadepåuponpå · prepositionpreposition marking hemettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of hemhemhomehem · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of träffadedärtheredär · adverbmodifies snickradefarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of snickradesnickradecarpenteredsnickra · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on hemsammantogethersamman · prepositionpreposition marking stolarstolarchairsstol · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of snickradeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbordtablebord · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with stolarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with bordvävdewovevävde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with snickradeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lättvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to lättlätteasylätt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with träffadech01-p14 'ett lätt buller' renders as 'a faint noise' in the translation, a distinct sense from weight/air-lightness or ease.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitivedepends on lättattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of välbärgadedärtheredär · adverbmodifies välbärgadevorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies människornaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
människornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of välbärgadeintenotinte · particlemodifies välbärgadebarajustbara · adverbmodifies välbärgademerbettermycket · adverbmodifies välbärgadevälbärgadewell-offvälbärgad · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on lättutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
ocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies lyckligarelyckligarehappierlycklig · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of träffadeänthanän · prepositionintroduces the clause of ställenapåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking ställenadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ställenaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ställenaställenaplacesställe · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraladverbial clause on träffade - 15
He had spoken to his uncle about this, and the old man had realized that it would be a great blessing if people could devote themselves to handwork in their free hours.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of talattalattalkedtala · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencevidtovid · prepositionpreposition marking morbrorsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of morbrormorbrorunclemorbra · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talatomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies morbrorochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gamlegamlethe old mangamle · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of insettDefinite adjective used substantively for 'the old man'.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of insettinsettrealizedinsett · verb, active, supinecoordinated with talatattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lyckadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of lyckaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lyckavarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to lyckaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lyckastorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lyckalyckablessinglycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ägnaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ägnamänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of ägnakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ägnaägnadevoteägna · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to insettsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ägnaåttoåt · prepositionpreposition marking handarbetehandarbetehandworkhandarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ägnapåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking stunderledigafreeledig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stunderstundertimesstund · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of ägna But for them to get that far, it was quite certainly required that they be taught to use their hands from childhood on.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of kommaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase fördetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fordradesdärhänthat fardärhän · adverbdepends on kommafordradeswas requiredfordraa · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fordradesheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies visstvisstcertainlyviss · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of fordradesattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fingedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fingefingemight get tofinge · verb, past, subjunctive, activeclausal complement of fordradesArchaic past subjunctive of få ("to get/be allowed").
lärataughtlära · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fingesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of läraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of brukainfinitive marker before a verb.
brukausebruka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of läraFirst example ('hon knappast kunde bruka den' = 'she could scarcely use it', of an injured wing) is the sense 'to use', which was missing from the senses list.
sinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of händerhänderhappenshända · verb, present, indicative, activedirect object of brukaalltallall · adverbmodifies händerifrånfromifrån · prepositionpreposition marking barndomenbarndomenchildhoodbarndom · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of brukaThe two gentlemen thought that they could not further the matter in any better way than by setting up a handicraft school for children.
Detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of herrarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
bådabothbåda · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies herrarnaherrarnagentlemenherre · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hjälpadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hjälpaintenotinte · particlemodifies hjälpakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hjälpahjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of tycktesakenthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälpaframåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies hjälpapåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättbättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hjälpaänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of inrättagenomthroughgenom · prepositionintroduces the clause of inrättaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of inrättainfinitive marker before a verb.
inrättato set upinrätta · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying sättenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of slöjdskolaslöjdskolahandicraft schoolslöjdskola · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of inrättaförforför · prepositionpreposition marking barnbarnchildbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of inrättaThey wanted to teach them to make simple things of wood, because they thought that such work lay nearest to hand for everyone.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of läravillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of läralärateachlära · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of läraattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sakerförfärdigamakeförfärdig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sakerenklasimpleenkel · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sakersakerthingssak · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of läraavofav · prepositionpreposition marking träträwoodträ · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sakerdärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därfördetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sakerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lågsådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies arbetearbeteworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of tycktenärmastnearestnära · adverbmodifies lågType lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära.
tillattill · prepositionpart of the phrase närmasthandshandhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase tillförforför · prepositionpreposition marking varvareveryonevar · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of låg"var" is both the interrogative/relative adverb "where" and the past tense of vara ("was"); the parser conflated the two under one type.
ochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase vareniten · pronoun, common gender, singularpart of the phrase varThey were sure that whoever had once had his hand trained to handle the knife well would easily learn to wield the smith's hammer and the shoemaker's hammer.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of voroSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on läraarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
säkrasuresäker · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of voroomthatom · prepositionintroduces the clause of skötaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skötadenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of skötasomwhoeversom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of fåttenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttfåtthadfå · verb, active, supinerelative clause on densinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of handhandhandhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåttuppövadtraineduppövad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying dentilltotill · prepositionintroduces the clause of skötaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of skötainfinitive marker before a verb.
välwellväl · adverbmodifies skötaskötato tend tosköta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on säkraknivenknifekniv · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skötahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of läraskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of läralätteligeneasilylätteligen · adverbmodifies läraAn older literary adverb corresponding to modern lätt.
läralearnlära · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of läraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förainfinitive marker before a verb.
förawieldföra · verb, active, infinitivedepends on lärasmedensthe smith'ssmed · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of släggasläggahammerslägga · verb, active, infinitivedirect object of föraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskomakarensthe shoemaker'sskomakar · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of hammarehammarehammerhammare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with släggaBut whoever had not had his hand accustomed to work when he was young might perhaps never discover that in it he possessed a tool more excellent than all others.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommasomwhoeversom · pronounsubject of fåttThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies fåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttfåtthadfå · verb, active, supinerelative clause on densinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of handhandhandhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on fåttinvandaccustomedinvand · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåtttilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking arbetearbeteworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fåttnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of unghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ungvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ungungyoungung · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on fåtthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommaskullemightskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies kommaaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceunderfundfigured outunderfund · adverbdepends on kommaonly used in the fixed phrase 'komma underfund med' (to find out/figure out).
medwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of ägdeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ägdehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ägdeiini · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of ägdeägdeownedägde · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kommaettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of verktygverktygtoolverktyg · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of ägdesomthatsom · pronounsubject of förmerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to förmerförmersuperiorförm · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on verktygComparative of förnämlig ("more excellent"); tagged as a verb here but functions as an adjective.
änthanän · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking andraallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andraandraothersannan · pronoun, pluraloblique complement of ägde- 16
They had thus begun teaching children handicraft at Nääs, and they had soon found that this was so useful and good for the little ones that they wished all children in Sweden could receive similar instruction.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of börjathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of börjatsåledesthussåledes · adverbmodifies börjatbörjatbegunbörja · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceundervisato teachundervisa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjatbarnchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of undervisaiini · prepositionpreposition marking Nääshandaslöjdhandicrafthandaslöjd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase ipåatpå · prepositionpart of the phrase iNääsNääsNääs · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of undervisaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of funnithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of funnitsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies funnitfunnitfoundfinna · verb, active, supinecoordinated with börjatattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of nyttigtdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of nyttigtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to nyttigtsåsoså · adverbmodifies nyttigtnyttigtusefulnyttig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on börjatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgottgoodgott · adverbcoordinated with nyttigtförforför · prepositionpreposition marking smådetheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of småSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
småsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluraloblique complement of nyttigtattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of önskadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of önskadeönskadewishedönska · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on småattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of barnbarnchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of fåiini · prepositionpreposition marking SverigeSverigeSwedenSverige · proper noun, nominativemodifies barnkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfåreceivefå · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying småliknandesimilarliknande · adjective, nominativemodifies undervisningundervisninginstructionundervisning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of få - 17
But how could such a thing become possible?
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhurhowhur · adverbmodifies bliskullecouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blinågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sådantsådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies bliblito becomebli · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemöjligtpossiblemöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of blihalf the examples (ch01-p27, ch04-p30) use the fixed idiom 'allt möjligt' = 'all sorts of/everything', not the literal 'possible' sense used in the other two.
Hundreds of thousands of children were growing up in Sweden.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with växteväxtegrewväxa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceuppupupp · adverbdepends on växtehundratusentalshundreds of thousandshundratusental · noun, genitive, neuter, pluralpossessor of barnbarnchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of växteiini · prepositionpreposition marking SverigeSverigeSwedenSverige · proper noun, nominativemodifies barnOne could not gather all of them together at Nääs and give them handicraft instruction.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies samlakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of samlamanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of samlasamlato gathersamla · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceihoptogetherihop · adverbdepends on samlaallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of dessadessathesedenna · pronoun, pluraldirect object of samlapåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking NääsNääsNääsNääs · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of samlaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgeto givege · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with samlademthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralindirect object of geslöjdundervisninghandicraft instructionslöjdundervisning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of geIt was quite simply unthinkable.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of otänkbartvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to otänkbartjuafter allju · adverbmodifies otänkbartalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies otänkbartotänkbartunthinkableotänkbar · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrase- 18
Then the young squire had come up with a new proposal.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ungeungeyoung oneung · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of kommitherrnthe gentlemanherrn · adverbmodifies kommitMistagged as adverb; this is 'herre' with the definite suffix, meaning 'the gentleman/master'.
kommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineparallel clause to hademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking förslagettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of förslagnyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies förslagförslagproposalförslag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommit Just think, if instead of giving instruction to children, they were to arrange a handicraft seminary for their teachers!
TänkthinkTänk · verb, imperative, activeadverbial clause on anordnaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of geiinsteadi · prepositionintroduces the clause of geställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase iförofför · prepositionpart of the phrase iatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of geinfinitive marker before a verb.
geto givege · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on Tänkundervisninginstructionundervisning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of geåttoåt · prepositionpreposition marking barnbarnchildbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of geskullewere toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of anordnaanordnaarrangeanordna · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of slöjdseminariumslöjdseminariumhandicraft seminaryslöjdseminarium · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of anordnaförforför · prepositionpreposition marking lärarederastheirde · pronounpossessor of lärarepossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
lärareteacherslärare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of anordnaJust think, if teachers, men and women, from all over the country came to Nääs and learned handicraft, and if they then gave handicraft instruction to all the children they had in their schools!
TänkthinkTänk · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommelärareteacherslärare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kommeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlärarinnorfemale teacherslärarinna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with lärarefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking landethelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies lärarinnorkommewould comekomme · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of Tänkarchaic subjunctive/conditional form of komma.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking NääsNääsNääsNääs · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of kommeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlärdelearnedlära · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kommeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of slöjdainfinitive marker before a verb.
slöjdado handicraftslöjd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcomplement of lärdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking slöjdundervisningdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of slöjdundervisningsedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slöjdundervisninggåvegavegåve · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies slöjdundervisningGåve is the historical plural subjunctive form of ge.
slöjdundervisninghandicraft instructionslöjdundervisning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with kommeåttoåt · prepositionpreposition marking barnallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of barndetheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of barnSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
barnchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies slöjdundervisningsomthatsom · pronoundirect object of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on barniini · prepositionpreposition marking skolorsinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of skolorskolorschoolsskola · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of hadeIn that way, perhaps all the children in Sweden could get their hands trained as well as their minds.
Påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sättetsättetwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fåskullecouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåkanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies fåallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of barnbarnchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of fåiini · prepositionpreposition marking SverigeSverigeSwedenSverige · proper noun, nominativemodifies barnfågetfå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesintheirsig · pronoun, common gender, singularindirect object of fåhandhandhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on fåuppfostradtraineduppfostra · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies likavällikaväljust as welllikaväl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fåsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hjärnasintheirsig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of hjärnahjärnamindhjärna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying likaväl- 19
Once they had been seized by this idea, they could not let it go, but sought to put it into effect.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gripitsdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gripitsvälonceväl · adverbmodifies gripitshadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gripitsgripitsbeen seizedgripa · verb, passive, supineadverbial clause on låtaavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking tankedennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tanketankethoughttanke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularagent of gripitskundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of låtadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of låtaintenotinte · particlemodifies låtalåtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of farafaragofara · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of låtasome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
utanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
söktesoughtsöka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with låtaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sättainfinitive marker before a verb.
sättato set/putsätta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of söktedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of sättaiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking verketverketeffectverk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sättathe idiom i (själva) verket means 'in fact/actually', not literal 'work'.
- 20
The two gentlemen helped each other faithfully.
Detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of herrarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
bådabothbåda · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies herrarnaherrarnagentlemenherre · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive hjälpteshjälpteshelped each otherhjälptes · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentencetrogetfaithfullytroget · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of passive hjälptesåttogetheråt · prepositiondepends on hjälptes The old squire built handicraft halls, an assembly house, a gymnasium, and saw to it that those who came to the school got food and lodging.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gamlegamlethe old mangamle · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of byggdeDefinite adjective used substantively for 'the old man'.
herrnthe gentlemanherrn · adverbmodifies byggdeMistagged as adverb; this is 'herre' with the definite suffix, meaning 'the gentleman/master'.
byggdebuiltbygga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceslöjdsalarhandicraft hallsslöjdsale · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of byggdesamlingshusassembly housesamlingshus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with slöjdsalargymnastiksalgymnasiumgymnastiksal · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with slöjdsalarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsörjdesaw tosörjde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with byggdeförto itför · prepositionintroduces the clause of deattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase fördetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on byggdesomwhosom · pronounsubject of kommoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on dekommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking skolanskolanschoolskola · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommofingogotfingo · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with deArchaic plural past tense of 'få' (to get/receive), mislabeled as a noun.
matfoodmat · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to deochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbostaddwellingbostad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with matThe young one became the seminary's director.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ungeungeyoung oneung · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceseminarietsthe seminary'sseminari · noun, genitive, neuter, singularpossessor of direktördirektördirectordirektör · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevHe arranged the instruction, oversaw the work, and gave lectures.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ordnadeordnadearrangedordna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceundervisningeninstructionundervisning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ordnadeövervakadeoversawövervaka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ordnadearbetetworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of övervakadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhöllgavehålla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with övervakadeföreläsningarlecturesföreläsning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of höllAnd more than that.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmermoremycket · adverbmodifies såänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase mersåthatså · adverbhead of the phraseHe lived constantly among the course participants, found out how each one of them was faring, and became their warmest and most faithful friend.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of levdelevdelivedleva · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceständigtconstantlyständig · adverbmodifies levdeblandamongbland · prepositionpreposition marking kursdeltagarnakursdeltagarnathe course participantskursdeltagarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of levdetogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with levderedafind outreda · adverbdepends on togpart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påoutpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of ställthurhowhur · adverbmodifies varvareachvar · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of hade"var" is both the interrogative/relative adverb "where" and the past tense of vara ("was"); the parser conflated the two under one type.
ochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase varenoneman · pronoun, common gender, singularpart of the phrase varSurfaces are only "en"/"En" used as a counting pronoun ("en av dem" = "one of them"), not the indefinite generic pronoun man/en ("one does X"). Lemma is mistagged as man; it should be en (numeral pronoun "one"). Gloss "one" happens to still be correct.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ställtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with ställtställtput/placedställa · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on togförforför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of ställtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with togderastheirde · pronounpossessor of varmastepossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
varmastewarmestvarmaste · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies vänochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtrognastemost faithfultrogn · adjective, nominative, superlativecoordinated with varmastevänfriendvän · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of blev- 21
And what a rush of pupils they got right from the very start!
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of tilloppsådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies tillopptillopprushtillopp · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseavofav · prepositionpreposition marking lärjungarlärjungarpupilslärjung · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies tilloppsomassom · pronounoblique complement of fingoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of fingofingogotfingo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralrelative clause on lärjungarMistagged as a noun; fingo is the archaic plural past tense of få ("got/were given").
alltallall · adverbmodifies börjanifrånfromifrån · prepositionpreposition marking börjanförstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies börjansurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
börjanbeginningbörjan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tillopp Four handicraft courses were held every year, and more pupils applied for all of them than could be admitted.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with höllshöllswas heldhölls · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentencefyrafourfyra · numeral, nominativequantifies slöjdkurserslöjdkurserhandicraft coursesslöjdkurs · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive höllsvarjeeveryvarje · determiner, singulardeterminer of åråryearår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of höllsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtillfortill · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of anmäldeallaallall · pronoun, pluralsubject of anmäldeanmäldeappliedanmäla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with höllssigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of anmäldeflermorefler · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies lärjungarlärjungarpupilslärjunge · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of anmäldeänthanän · adverbintroduces the clause of mottagassomthansom · pronounsubject of passive mottagasThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of mottagasmottagasbe admittedmottaga · verb, passive, infinitiveclause modifying lärjungarThe school had soon become known abroad as well, and teachers, men and women, from all the countries of the world came to Nääs to learn how they should manage the training of the hand.
Skolanschoolskola · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencebekantknownbekant · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies blivit'Bekant' can mean 'well-known' or 'acquainted (with)'.
ocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies utlandetiabroadi · prepositionpreposition marking utlandetutlandetabroadutland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of blivitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlärareteacherslärare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kommoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlärarinnorfemale teacherslärarinna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with lärarefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking länderallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of länderjordensearth'sjord · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of länderländercountriesland · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies lärarinnorOne example uses land nautically to mean "shore" rather than "country".
kommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with blivitkommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking NääsNääsNääsNääs · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of kommoförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of läraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of lärainfinitive marker before a verb.
läralearnlära · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kommosigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of lärahurhowhur · adverbmodifies skötadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of skötaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skötaskötato tend tosköta · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of lärahandenshandhand · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of uppfostranuppfostranupbringinguppfostran · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skötaThere was no place in Sweden so well known out in the world as Nääs, and no Swede had as many friends over the whole earth as the director of the Nääs handicraft seminary.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
intenotinte · particlemodifies fannsnågotanynågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ställeställeplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of fannsiini · prepositionpreposition marking SverigeSverigeSwedenSverige · proper noun, nominativemodifies ställesomthatsom · pronounsubject of käntThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies käntsåsoså · adverbmodifies käntkäntknownkänd · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularrelative clause on ställeTwo of the four examples use känt as the supine of känna ("felt"), a homograph of the adjective känd ("known") tagged under the same type.
uteoutsideute · adverbmodifies käntiini · prepositionpreposition marking världenvärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of käntsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of NääsNääsNääsNääs · proper noun, nominativeadverbial clause on käntochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of svensksvenskSwedesvensk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fannssåasså · adverbmodifies mångamångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vännervännerfriendsvänn · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hadeöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking jordenhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies jordenjordenearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slöjdseminariumdirektörendirectordirektör · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase somförofför · prepositionpreposition marking slöjdseminariumNääsNääsNääs · proper noun, genitivepossessor of slöjdseminariumslöjdseminariumhandicraft seminaryslöjdseminarium · noun, nominative, neuter, singularin apposition to jorden- 22
The schoolmistress sat listening to this, and the more she heard, the lighter it grew around her.
Lärarinnanteacherlärarinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlyssnadelistenedlyssna · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with satttilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjutheju · adverbmodifies hördemermoremycket · adverbmodifies hördehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhörde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattdestothedesto · adverbmodifies ljusareljusarebrighterljus · adjective, nominative, comparativedepends on blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blevomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blev She had not previously understood why the handicraft school existed at Nääs, had not thought that it had been created by two men who wanted to benefit their people, had not at all grasped that they did this without pay, that they sacrificed everything they could sacrifice, in order to help their fellow human beings become happier and better.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förståtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förståttförutbeforeförut · adverbmodifies förståttintenotinte · particlemodifies förståttförståttunderstoodförstå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencevarförwhyvarför · adverbmodifies fannsslöjdskolanthe handicraft schoolslöjdskolan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativeclausal complement of förståttexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
påatpå · prepositionpreposition marking NääsNääsNääsNääs · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of fannshadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänktintenotinte · particlemodifies tänkttänktthoughttänka · verb, active, supinecoordinated with förståttpåthatpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of skapadattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skapaddenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of passive skapadhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skapadblivitbecomebli · auxiliary verb, active, supinepassive auxiliary of skapadskapadmadeskapa · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on tänktPast participle used adjectivally: 'created/made for'.
avbyav · prepositionpreposition marking mäntvåtwotvå · numeral, nominativequantifies mänmänmenman · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralagent of skapadsomwhosom · pronounsubject of gagnaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
villewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gagnagagnabenefitgagn · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on mänsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of folkpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
folkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gagnahadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceraktat allrak · adverbmodifies begripitintenotinte · particlemodifies begripitbegripitgraspedbegripit · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gjordedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of begripitdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of gjordeutanwithoututan · prepositionpreposition marking lönlönpaylön · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gjordeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of offradedetheyde · determiner, pluralsubject of offradeThis type's own examples show 'de' used as the plain personal pronoun "they" (de voro ovanligt strävsamma = "they were unusually...") as often as the determiner "the" (de andra = "the others"); a fixed gloss of "the" mis-renders every pronoun occurrence.
offradesacrificedoffra · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying lönalltallall · adverbmodifies offradesomthatsom · pronounintroduces the clause of offraThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of offrakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of offraoffrasacrificeoffra · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on alltförin order toför · prepositionintroduces the clause of hjälpaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hjälpainfinitive marker before a verb.
hjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on begripitmedmänniskorfellow human beingsmedmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hjälpaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bliinfinitive marker before a verb.
blibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivemodifies hjälpalyckligarehappierlycklig · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of bliochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativecoordinated with lyckligare- 23
When she now considered the great goodwill and love of humanity that lay behind all this, it moved her so deeply that she felt she could have wept.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of besinnadehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of besinnadenunownu · adverbmodifies besinnadebesinnadeconsideredbesinna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on grepOften reflexive, besinna sig, "to stop and think".
denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of välviljanstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies välviljanweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
välviljangoodwillvälvilja · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of besinnadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmänniskokärlekenlove of humanitymänniskokärlek · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with välviljansomthatsom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
låglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on välviljanbakombehindbakom · prepositionmodifies lågalltallall · determiner, neuter, singularpart of the phrase bakomdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of låggrepgripped/seizedgrepa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast tense (grep) of gripa, an older strong-verb spelling.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of grephenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularsubject of grepsåsoså · adverbmodifies djuptdjuptdeeplydjup · adverbmodifies grepattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gråtahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gråtahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gråtavelatwanted tovela · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of gråtagråtato crygråta · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of grep Never before had she experienced anything like it.
NågotsomethingNågot · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sådantsådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varithonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varitaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies varitförrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositiondepends on varitominom · prepositionpreposition marking varit- 24
The next day she took up the work with a different mind.
Nästanextnästa · adjective, nominativemodifies dagdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of togfattholdfatt · adverbdepends on togOccurs in the fixed idiom 'få/gripa fatt (i)', 'to get/grab hold (of)'.
påuppå · prepositionpreposition marking arbetetarbetetworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of togmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sinneannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sinnesinnemindsinne · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies arbetet When everything was given out of goodwill, then she surely had leave to make better use of it than before.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lovalltallall · adverbpart of the phrase Närgavswas givengavs · verb, past, indicative, passivepart of the phrase Näravout ofav · prepositionpreposition marking välviljavälviljagoodwillvälvilja · noun, nominative, common gender, singularagent of gavsdåthendå · adverbmodifies lovfickhad tofå · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lovhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickjusurelyju · adverbmodifies lovlovhad tolov · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tabättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies taänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hittillshittillsso farhittills · adverbadverbial clause on tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitivedepends on lovvarabevara · verb, active, infinitivedirect object of tapåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of taShe forgot to think of herself and remembered only the handicraft and the great goal that was to be reached through it.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of glömdeglömdeforgotglömde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebortawaybort · adverbdepends on glömdeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tänkainfinitive marker before a verb.
tänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on glömdepåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of tänkasjälvherselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sigochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmindesrememberedmindes · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with tänkaPast tense of minnas ("to remember"), deponent in form but active in meaning.
barajustbara · adverbmodifies slöjdenslöjdenhandicraftslöjd · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tänkaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of målstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies målmålgoalmål · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with glömdesomthatsom · pronounsubject of uppnåsThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
skullewas toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of uppnåsuppnåsto be reacheduppnås · verb, passive, infinitiverelative clause on målgenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of uppnåsAnd from that moment she managed excellently, for she found everything easy, as long as she did not distrust herself.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking stundendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundenstundenwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sköttesköttemanagedsköta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencethis type mixes two different verbs that share the past-tense surface sköt; skötte is unambiguously 'tended'.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sköttesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of skötteförträffligtsplendidförträfflig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of skötteförforför · prepositionpreposition marking honhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sköttelätteasilylätt · adverbmodifies hadeföreasyför · prepositionpreposition marking alltingalltingeverythingallting · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadebarajustbara · adverbmodifies misstroddehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of misstroddeintenotinte · particlemodifies misstroddemisstroddedistrustedmisstrodde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sköttesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of misstroddesjälvherselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of misstrodde- 25
Now, since she had had her eyes freed from the darkness, she noticed everywhere the great, wonderful goodwill.
Nunownu · adverbhead of the phrasesedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåtthonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttfåtthadfå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on märktesinahersig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of ögonögoneyesögon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of fåttbefriadefreedbefria · verb, past, participle, plural, nominativecomplement of fåttfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking dunkletdunkletthe darknessdunkl · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of befriademärktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Nuhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märkteöverallteverywhereöverallt · adverbpreposition marking välviljandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of välviljanstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies välviljanweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
underbarawonderfulunderbar · adjective, nominative, singularcoordinated with storavälviljangoodwillvälvilja · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of märkte Now she saw how lovingly everything was arranged for those who went through the seminary.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of såghurhowhur · adverbmodifies kärleksfulltkärleksfulltlovinglykärleksfull · adverbclausal complement of sågdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ordnatvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ordnatordnatarrangedordna · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of sågförforför · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of ordnatsomwhosom · pronounsubject of gingoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
gingowentgingo · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on demOld plural past tense of 'gå' (to go/walk); mistagged as an infinitive.
igenomthroughigenom · prepositionpreposition marking seminarietseminarietthe seminaryseminarium · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gingoThe course participants got far more than mere instruction in handwork.
Kursdeltagarnathe course participantsKursdeltagarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fingofingogotfingo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralhead of the phraseMistagged as a noun; fingo is the archaic plural past tense of få ("got/were given").
vidafarvid · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies mermermoremycket · adverbmodifies baraänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase merbarajustbara · adverbmodifies undervisningundervisninginstructionundervisning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fingoiini · prepositionpreposition marking handarbetehandarbetehandworkhandarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies undervisningThe director gave lectures on upbringing for them, they did gymnastics, formed a singing society, and almost every evening they had gatherings with music and readings.
Direktörenthe directorDirektören · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllhöllheldhöll · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceföreläsningarlecturesföreläsning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of höllomonom · prepositionpreposition marking uppfostranuppfostranupbringinguppfostran · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies föreläsningarförforför · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of hölldetheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of gymnastiseradeSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
gymnastiseradedid gymnasticsgymnastisera · adjective, nominative, pluralparallel clause to höllbildadeformedbilda · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to höllenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sångföreningsångföreningsinging societysångförening · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of bildadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies hadekvälleveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase varhadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hölldetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of samkvämsurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
samkvämgatheringssamkväm · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking musikmusikmusicmusik · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies samkvämochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationuppläsningarreadingsuppläsning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with musikAnd besides that, there were books, boats, bathhouses, and a piano for their use.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdessutombesidesdessutom · adverbmodifies fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsböckerbooksböck · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fannsbåtarboatsbåt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with böckerbadhusbathhousesbadhus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with böckerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpianopianopiano · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with böckerförforför · prepositionpreposition marking räkningderastheirde · pronounpossessor of räkningpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
räkningtheir useräkning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fannsIt was intended that they should have a good time and thrive and be happy.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with meningenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to meningenmeningenintendedmening · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of haskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying meningendetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of habragood timebra · adjective, nominativemodifies haochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtrivasto thrivetrivas · verb, infinitivecoordinated with haochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to lyckligalyckligahappylycklig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with ha- 26
She began to understand what a priceless privilege it was to be allowed to stay, during the beautiful summer days, at a great Swedish manor.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceförståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadevilkenwhatvilken · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of oskattbaroskattbarpricelessoskattbar · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of börjadeförmånprivilegeförmån · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of börjadedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of förmånvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on förmånatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vistasinfinitive marker before a verb.
underduringunder · prepositionpreposition marking dagarsommarenssummer'ssommar · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of dagarvackrabeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dagardagardaysdag · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of vistasfåbe allowed tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of vistasvistasstayvistas · verb, active, infinitivedepends on förmånpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking herrgårdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of herrgårdstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies herrgårdsvenskSwedishsvensk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies herrgårdherrgårdmanor househerrgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vistas The castle, where the old squire lived, lay high on a hill nearly encircled by a winding lake and was connected to land by a beautiful stone bridge.
Slottetcastleslott · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of lågdärtheredär · adverbmodifies boddedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gamlegamlethe old mangamle · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of boddeDefinite adjective used substantively for 'the old man'.
herrnthe gentlemanherrn · adverbmodifies boddeMistagged as adverb; this is 'herre' with the definite suffix, meaning 'the gentleman/master'.
boddelivedbodde · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Slottetlåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehögthighhög · adverbmodifies lågthis type bundles the positive, comparative, and superlative degree forms (högt, högre, högst) under one entry.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking kulleenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kullekullehillockkulle · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of lågsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of kringflutenThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activedeterminer of kringflutennäranearlynära · adverbmodifies kringflutenType lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära.
nognearlynog · adverbpart of the phrase närakringflutensurrounded by waterkringflut · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralrelative clause on kulleavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking sjöenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sjöslingrandewindingslingrande · adjective, nominativemodifies sjösjölakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kringflutenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförbandswas connectedförband · verb, present, indicative, passivecoordinated with lågmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of förbandsgenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking stenbroenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stenbrovackerbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stenbrostenbrostone bridgestenbro · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förbandsShe had never seen anything so lovely as the flowerbeds on the terraces in front of the castle, or the old oaks in the park, or the road along the shore where the trees leaned out over the water, or the lookout pavilion on the cliff above the lake.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies settsettseense · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencenågotanythingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of settsåsoså · adverbmodifies sköntsköntfineskön · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies settsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blomgruppernablomgruppernathe flowerbedsblomgrupperna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraladverbial clause on settpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking terrassernaterrassernathe terracesterrass · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies blomgruppernaframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking slottetslottetcastleslott · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of settsomassom · pronounintroduces the clause of ekarnaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ekarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
gamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ekarnaekarnathe oaksek · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraladverbial clause on settiini · prepositionpreposition marking parkenparkenparkpark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ekarnasomassom · adverbmodifies ekarnaAdverbial/conjunctive use of som ('as/just as'), distinct from its usual relative-pronoun sense.
vägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase somlängsalonglängs · adverbmodifies strandenmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking strandenstrandenshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vägendärtheredär · adverbmodifies lutadeträdentreeträd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lutadeträd is an invariant noun (same form singular and plural); the definite plural träden means "the trees."
lutadeleanedluta · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on vägenutoutut · adverbdepends on lutadeöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking vattnetvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of utelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of utsiktspaviljongenutsiktspaviljongenthe lookout pavilionutsiktspaviljong · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with vägenpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking klippanklippanthe cliffklippan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies utsiktspaviljongenovanföraboveovanför · adverbmodifies sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of klippanThe school buildings lay on the mainland opposite the castle, on green, shady meadows by the shore, but she was free to wander about the castle park whenever she had the time and the wish.
Skolbyggnadernathe school buildingsskolbyggnad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of lågolågolaylågo · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasemistagged as a noun; this is the archaic plural past tense of ligga 'to lie' (they lay).
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking landetfastasolidfast · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of lågomittemotoppositemittemot · prepositionpreposition marking slottetslottetcastleslott · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of lågopåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking strandängargrönagreengrön · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies strandängarskuggigashadyskuggig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies strandängarstrandängarshore meadowsstrandäng · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of lågomenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågohenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularsubject of stodfrittfreelyfri · adverbmodifies stodatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of strövainfinitive marker before a verb.
strövawanderströva · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stodomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies strövaiabouti · prepositionpreposition marking slottsparkenslottsparkenthe castle parkslottspark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of strövanärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on stodtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlustdesirelust · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with tidShe felt she had never known how delightful summer was until she had gotten to enjoy it in so beautiful a place.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vetathonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetataldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies vetathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vetatvetatknownveta · verb, active, supineclausal complement of tycktehurhowhur · adverbmodifies ljuvligljuvligdelightfulljuvlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sommarensommarensummersommar · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of vetatvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies vetatförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies njutaused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of njutahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of njutafåttgotten tofå · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of njuta"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
njutaenjoynjuta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tycktedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of njutapåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking ställeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ställesåsoså · adverbmodifies vackertvackertbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ställeställeplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of njuta- 27
It was not that any great change took place in her.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies varsåthatså · adverbmodifies varattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skeddedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with skeddeskeddehappenedske · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on varnågonanynågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of förändringstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies förändringförändringchangeförändring · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skeddemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skedde She did not become bold and self-assured, but she felt happy and glad.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies modigmodigbravemodig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsjälvsäkerself-assuredsjälvsäker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with modigmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändekändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blevsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kändelycklighappylycklig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of kändeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with lyckligShe went about and became thoroughly warmed by all the goodwill.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblevbecamebli · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activepassive auxiliary of genomvärmdgenomvärmdthoroughly warmedgenomvärmd · verb, past, participle, plural, nominativecomplement of gickavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking välviljanallallall · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of välviljanvälviljangoodwillvälvilja · noun, nominative, common gender, singularagent of genomvärmdShe could not possibly feel anxious in a place where everyone wished her well and everyone sought to help her.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kännakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kännajupossiblyju · adverbmodifies kännaintenotinte · particlemodifies kännakännato feelkänna · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kännaängsliganxiousängslig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of kännapåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking ställeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ställeställeplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kännadärtheredär · adverbmodifies önskadeallaallall · pronoun, pluralsubject of önskadeönskadewishedönska · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on ställehennesherhon · pronounpossessor of bästapossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
bästabestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativedirect object of önskadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationallaallall · pronoun, pluralsubject of söktesöktesoughtsöka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with önskadehjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of söktehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälpaWhen the course was over and the participants broke up from Nääs, she felt envious of all those who could say a proper thank-you to the old squire and the young squire, and who could express in fine words what they felt.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slutkursencoursekurs · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slutvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to slutslutendslut · noun, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on kändeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkursdeltagarnathe course participantskursdeltagarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with slutbrötobroke upbröto · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of slutuppupupp · adverbmodifies brötofrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking NääsNääsNääsNääs · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of uppkändefeltkändäge · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceSurface 'kände' is past tense of 'känna' (to feel); the lemma 'kändäge' is a parser artifact.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of kändeavundsjukenviousavundsjuk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of kändepåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking demallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of kändesomwhosom · pronounsubject of sägaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on demettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of tackriktigtproperriktig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies tacktackthankstack · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sägatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking gamledenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gamlegamleold mangamle · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sägaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ungeungeyoung oneung · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularcoordinated with gamleherrnsquireherrn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on ungeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsomwhosom · pronounsubject of uttryckaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ordvackrabeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ordordwordsord · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of uttryckakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of uttryckauttryckato expressuttrycka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kändevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of kändedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kändekändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of uttryckaShe herself never got that far.
Såthatså · adverbmodifies komlångtfarlångt · adverbpart of the phrase Såkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencealdrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies komhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kom- 28
She went back home, took up her schoolwork as before, and was just as glad in it as she used to be.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändevändeturnedvän · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceReally the past tense 'vände' of the verb vända ('to turn'), mistagged here under lemma vän.
ombackom · prepositiondepends on vändehemhomehem · adverbmodifies vändetogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vändefattholdfatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on togOccurs in the fixed idiom 'få/gripa fatt (i)', 'to get/grab hold (of)'.
påuppå · prepositionpreposition marking skolarbetetskolarbetetthe schoolworkskolarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of togsomassom · pronounintroduces the clause of förutThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
förutbeforeförut · adverbclause modifying skolarbetetochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gladlikaequallylika · adverbmodifies gladgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with togåtinåt · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of gladsomassom · pronoundirect object of brukadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brukadebrukadeused tobruka · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on detvarabevara · verb, active, infinitivedirect object of brukade She did not live so far from Nääs that she could not walk there whenever she had a free afternoon, and at first she did so quite often.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of boddeboddelivedbodde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies boddelängrefartherlänge · adverbmodifies boddefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking NääsNääsNääsNääs · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of boddeänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vandraattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vandrahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vandrakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vandravandrawandervandra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on boddedittheredit · adverbmodifies vandranärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on vandraenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of eftermiddagledigfreeledig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies eftermiddageftermiddagafternooneftermiddag · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with boddedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gjordeocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies gjorderättquiterätt · adverbmodifies oftaoftaoftenofta · adverbmodifies gjordetillat firsttill · prepositionpreposition marking börjanenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of börjanbörjanbeginningbörjan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gjordeBut there were constantly new courses, new faces; her shyness came back, and she became an ever rarer guest at the handicraft school.
EmellertidbutEmellertid · adverbmodifies kurservarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to kurserdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of kurserständigtconstantlyständig · adverbmodifies nyanyanewny · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kurserkursercourseskurs · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasenyanewny · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ansiktenansiktenfacesansikt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with kurserskygghetenshynessskygghet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to kursertillbakabacktillbaka · adverbdepends on komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kurserenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gästallteverallt · adverbmodifies sällsyntaresällsyntarerarersällsynt · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies gästgästguestgäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevvidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking slöjdskolanslöjdskolanthe handicraft schoolslöjdskolan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blevBut the time when she herself had gone through Nääs always stood for her as the best she had experienced.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasedåwhendå · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåtthonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåttsjälvherselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying honhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttgone throughgå · verb, active, supinerelative clause on tidenigenomthroughigenom · prepositiondepends on gåttNääsNääsNääs · proper noun, nominativedirect object of gåttdenthatden · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to tidenalltjämtstillalltjämt · adverbmodifies stodförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of upplevatdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of honbästabestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies honhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of upplevathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of upplevatupplevatexperiencedupplevat · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on stod- 29
One spring day she heard that the old squire at Nääs was dead.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vårdagvårdagspring dayvårdag · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hörafickheardfå · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörahörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of döddenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gamlegamlethe old mangamle · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of dödDefinite adjective used substantively for 'the old man'.
herrnthe gentlemanherrn · adverbmodifies gamleMistagged as adverb; this is 'herre' with the definite suffix, meaning 'the gentleman/master'.
påatpå · prepositionpreposition marking NääsNääsNääsNääs · proper noun, nominativemodifies gamlevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to döddöddeaddöd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of höraExamples mix the noun (döden) with adjectival uses (död gås); flag if the occurrence is adjectival.
Then she thought of the delightful summer she had gotten to enjoy on his estate, and she was grieved that she had never thanked him properly.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktepåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking sommardenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sommarljuvligadelightfulljuvlig · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sommarsommarsummersommar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tänktesomthatsom · pronoundirect object of njutaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of njutahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of njutafåttgotten tofå · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of njuta"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
njutaenjoynjuta · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on sommarpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking godshanshishan · pronounpossessor of godsgodsestategods · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of njutaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bedrövadblevbecamebli · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to bedrövadbedrövadgrievedbedrövad · verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominativecoordinated with tänkteöveratöver · prepositionintroduces the clause of tackatattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tackathonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tackataldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies tackathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tackattackatthankedtacka · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on bedrövadhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of tackatriktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies tackatHe had, no doubt, received thanks enough from both high and low, but she would have felt happier if she had been able to tell him, in a word or two, how much he had done for her.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttvälno doubtväl · adverbmodifies fåttfåttreceivedfå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencetacksägelserthankstacksägelse · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of fåtttillräckligtsufficientlytillräcklig · adverbmodifies fåttändåanywayändå · adverbmodifies fåttfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking högabådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhögatallhög · adjective, nominative, pluraloblique complement of fåttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlågalowlåg · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with högamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of käntskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of känthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of käntkäntfeltkänt · verb, active, supinecoordinated with fåttsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of käntlyckligarehappierlycklig · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of käntomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of talahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ordettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ordordwordsord · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of talahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of talakunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of talatalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on käntomtellom · prepositiondepends on talaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talahurhowhur · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · adverbdepends on talahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjorthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjortgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on talaförforför · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gjort- 30
At Nääs the teaching continued in the same way as before the old squire's death.
Vidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking NääsNääsNääsNääs · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of fortgickfortgickcontinuedfortgick · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceundervisningeninstructionundervisning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fortgickpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fortgicksomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gamleförebeforeföre · prepositionpreposition marking gamledenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gamlegamlethe old mangamle · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularclause modifying sättDefinite adjective used substantively for 'the old man'.
herrnssquire'sherr · determiner, common gender, singularpossessor of döddöddeathdöd · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gamleExamples mix the noun (döden) with adjectival uses (död gås); flag if the occurrence is adjectival.
For he had, in fact, given the whole beautiful estate to the school, and his nephew still stood at the helm and managed everything.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skänkthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skänktnämligenfornämligen · adverbmodifies skänktExplanatory connective, not the literal 'namely' in most narrative uses.
skänktgivenskänka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencehelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gårdendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gårdenskönabeautifulskön · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gårdengårdenestategård · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skänkttilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking skolanskolanschoolskola · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skänktochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanshishan · pronounpossessor of systersonsystersonnephewsysterson · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodSpecifically a sister’s son.
stodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with skänktkvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on stodvidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking styretstyretthe helmstyr · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförvaltademanagedförvalta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodalltsammansall of italltsammans · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of förvaltade- 31
Every time the schoolmistress came there, there was something new to see.
Vareveryvar · pronoun, common gender, singulardeterminer of lärarinnan"var" is both the interrogative/relative adverb "where" and the past tense of vara ("was"); the parser conflated the two under one type.
gångtimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase Varlärarinnanteacherlärarinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedittheredit · adverbmodifies komfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativecoordinated with komexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsnågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies nyttnyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of fannsatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fanns Nowadays it was not only handicraft courses that were run there, for the director also wanted to revive the old customs and old joys of the people, and he therefore set up courses in singing games and in many other kinds of games.
Numeranowadaysnumera · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varintenotinte · particlemodifies varbarajustbara · adverbmodifies varslöjdkurserhandicraft coursesslöjdkurs · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of varsomthatsom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of passive drevosdrevoswere rundrevos · adjective, nominativerelative clause on slöjdkurserdärtheredär · adverbmodifies drevosutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
direktörendirectordirektör · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väckavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of väckaocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies väckaväckato wakeväcka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with varuppupupp · adverbdepends on väckafolketsthe people'sfolk · noun, genitive, neuter, singularpossessor of sedergamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sedersedercustomssed · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of väckaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies glädjeämnenglädjeämnensources of joyglädjeämn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with sederochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of inrättadeinrättadeset upinrätta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vardärförthereforedärför · adverbmodifies inrättadekursercourseskurs · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of inrättadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking sånglekarsånglekarsinging gamessånglek · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies kurserochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiini · prepositionpreposition marking slagmångahandavariousmångahanda · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies slagandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies slagslagkindsslag · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with sånglekaravofav · prepositionpreposition marking lekarlekargameslek · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies slagBut it remained the same in this way, that people went about, as before, thoroughly warmed by goodwill, and felt how everything was arranged and directed so that they should be happy and carry with them, back to the little schoolchildren all around the country, not only knowledge but also joy in work.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of varliktthe samelikd · adverbcomplement of varIn the idiom 'vara sig likt' (to remain the same).
därtheredär · adverbmodifies sättetpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sättetsättetwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of varattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gingomänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of gingogingowentgingo · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying sättetPast plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective.
somassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förrförrbeforeförr · adverbadverbial clause on gingoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgenomvärmdeswere thoroughly warmedgenomvärm · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with förravbyav · prepositionpreposition marking välviljavälviljagoodwillvälvilja · noun, nominative, common gender, singularagent of genomvärmdesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkändefeltkäna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gingohurhowhur · adverbmodifies ställdesdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of passive ställdesställdeswas arrangedställa · verb, past, indicative, passiverelative clause on sättetochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstyrdeswas directedstyra · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with ställdesförso thatför · prepositionintroduces the clause of lyckligaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase fördetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of lyckligaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lyckligavarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to lyckligalyckligahappylycklig · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying sättetochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationföracarryföra · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with lyckligamedwithmed · prepositiondepends on förasigthemsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of föraintenotinte · particlemodifies förabarajustbara · adverbmodifies kunskaperkunskaperknowledgekunskap · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of förautanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
ocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies arbetsglädjearbetsglädjejoy in workarbetsglädje · adjective, nominativecoordinated with varnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vändedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of vändevändeturnedväna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on varPast tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända.
tillbakabacktillbaka · adverbdepends on vändetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking skolbarnendetheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of skolbarnenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
småsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies skolbarnenskolbarnenschoolchildrenskolbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of vänderuntaroundrunt · adverbmodifies omomaroundom · prepositionmodifies vändeiaroundi · prepositionpreposition marking landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of om- 32
Only a few years after the old squire's death, the schoolmistress heard one Sunday at church that the director at Nääs was said to be ill.
Barajustbara · adverbmodifies årnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of årfåfewfå · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies åråryearsår · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of fickefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking gamlegamleold mangamle · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies årherrnsthe squire'sherrns · determinerpossessor of döddöddeathdöd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with årExamples mix the noun (döden) with adjectival uses (död gås); flag if the occurrence is adjectival.
fickheardfå · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of höralärarinnanteacherlärarinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörahörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of söndagsöndagSundaysöndag · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of höravidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking kyrkankyrkanchurchkyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of höraattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sjukdirektörendirectordirektör · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sjukpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking NääsNääsNääsNääs · proper noun, nominativemodifies direktörenskullewas said toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sjukvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to sjuksjuksicksjuk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of höra She knew that he had had attacks of the heart several times of late, but she had not believed there was any danger to his life.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hafthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hafthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supineclausal complement of vissteanfallattackanfall · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of haftåtofåt · prepositionpreposition marking gångerhjärtathearthjärta · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies flerafleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of haftpåof latepå · prepositionpreposition marking tidensistalastsista · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gångermenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trotthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trottintenotinte · particlemodifies trotttrottbelievedtrott · verb, active, supinecoordinated with haftattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of faradetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of faravarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to faranågonanynågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of farafaradangerfara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of trottsome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
förtoför · prepositionpreposition marking livetlivetlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies faraThis time, people thought, there was.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with menademenademeant/thoughtmena · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemanpeopleman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of menadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gångdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gångskullewasskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gångvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to gångdennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångtimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of menade- 33
Ever since she had heard this, she had thought only of the fact that the director might die, as the old squire had, before she had brought herself to thank him.
Alltallall · adverbintroduces the clause of hörasedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase Allthonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörafåttheardfå · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of höra"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
hörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tänktedettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of höratänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktebarajustbara · adverbmodifies tänktepåofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of döattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dökanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies dödirektörenthe directordirektöre · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of döskullemightskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of dödöto diedö · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tänktehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to dösomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gamlegamleold mangamle · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies herrnherrnthe gentlemanherrn · adverboblique complement of döMistagged as adverb; this is 'herre' with the definite suffix, meaning 'the gentleman/master'.
innanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommithonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on dösigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kommitförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of tackaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tackainfinitive marker before a verb.
tackathanktacka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kommitGloss 'thank' is correct for the infinitive verb, but example ch13-p20-s8 ('sade en gammal tacka') uses the unrelated homograph noun 'tacka' meaning 'ewe' — that example is mis-slotted under this verb lemma and should not be read as 'to thank'.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of tacka And she wondered and pondered how she should go about it in order still to be able to reach him with a thank-you.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undradeundradewonderedundra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfunderadeponderedfundera · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with undradehurhowhur · adverbmodifies bärahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bäraskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bärabärato carrybära · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on undradesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bäraåtabout itåt · prepositiondepends on bäraförin order toför · prepositionintroduces the clause of nåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of nåinfinitive marker before a verb.
ännustillännu · adverbmodifies nåkunnato be able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of nånåto reachnå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on bärahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of nåmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking tackettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of tacktackthankstack · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of nå- 34
On Sunday afternoon the schoolmistress went round to the neighbors and asked whether their children might come with her to Nääs.
Påonpå · prepositionmodifies gicksöndagseftermiddagenSunday afternoonsöndagseftermiddag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase Pågickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencelärarinnanteacherlärarinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies gicktilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking grannarnagrannarnathe neighborsgrannare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gickThe surfaces list wrongly merges two distinct words: comparative adjective 'grannare' (finer, grander) and the unrelated noun 'grannarna' (the neighbors).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbadaskedbe · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with grannarnaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of följaderastheirde · pronounpossessor of barnpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
barnchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of följaskullemightskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of följafåbe allowed tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of följaföljato followfölja · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying grannarnamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of följatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking NääsNääsNääsNääs · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of följa She had heard that the director was ill, and she believed it would give him pleasure if the children came and sang a couple of songs for him.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörthörtheardhöra · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sjukdirektörendirectordirektör · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sjukvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to sjuksjuksicksjuk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of hörtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of troddetroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sjukattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of göradetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with göraskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of göragöragivegöra · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of troddehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of göraenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of glädjeglädjejoyglädje · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of göraomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommebarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of kommekommewould comekomme · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of troddearchaic subjunctive/conditional form of komma.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsjöngesangsjönge · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with kommeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sångersångersongssång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of kommeförforför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies sångerIt was already fairly late in the day, but the moonlight was so strong and clear these evenings that it would not be hard to walk.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lidetvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to lidetjuafter allju · adverbmodifies varredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies lidettämligenfairlytämligen · adverbmodifies lidetlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies lidetlidetlatelide · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasepåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lidetmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of månskenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ettettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of månskensåsoså · adverbmodifies starktstarktstrongstark · adverbcoordinated with ettAdverbial form 'starkt' modifying nouns like a predicate adjective in these examples, sense shifts between 'loud' and 'strong/solid'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationklartclearklar · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with starktmånskenmoonlightmånsk · adverbcoordinated with lidetnunownu · adverbmodifies månskenominom · prepositionpreposition marking kvällarnakvällarnathe eveningskväll · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of månskenattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blidetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with bliintenotinte · particlemodifies bliskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on månskensvårtdifficultsvår · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of bliatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gåinfinitive marker before a verb.
gågogå · verb, active, infinitivedepends on bliThe schoolmistress felt as though she had to walk to Nääs that very evening.
Lärarinnanteacherlärarinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändekändefeltkäna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of kändesåasså · adverbmodifies kändesomas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vandraomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vandrahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vandramåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of vandravandrawandervandra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kändetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking NääsNääsNääsNääs · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of vandrajustjustjust · adverbmodifies kvälldennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kvällkvälleveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vandraShe was afraid it might be too late the next day.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räddvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to räddräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseförthatför · prepositionintroduces the clause of dagattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase fördetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of dagkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of dagvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to dagförtooför · adverbpreposition marking dagsentlatesen · adverbmodifies nästanästanextnästa · adjective, nominativemodifies dagdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rädd- 35
The wild geese had left Bohuslän and stood sleeping in a marsh in the western part of Västergötland.
Vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässen · proper noun, nominativesubject of lämnathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lämnatlämnatleftlämna · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceBohuslänBohuslänBohuslän · proper noun, nominativedirect object of lämnatSwedish coastal province.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstodostoodstodo · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with BohuslänPast plural of stå ('to stand'); tagged as adjective.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsovosleptsovo · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with BohuslänArchaic plural past tense of sova (they slept), not a noun.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking kärrettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of kärrkärrmarshkärr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lämnatiini · prepositionpreposition marking delenvästrawesternvästra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies delendelenpartdel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kärravofav · prepositionpreposition marking VästergötlandVästergötlandVästergötlandVästergötland · proper noun, nominativemodifies delen Little Nils Holgersson had crept up onto a road embankment running crosswise over the marshland, to escape the wet.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of Nilslillelittlelille · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularmodifies NilsNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativesubject of krupitHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilshadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of krupitkrupitcreptkrupa · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceuppupupp · adverbdepends on krupitpåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking landsvägsbankenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of landsvägsbanklandsvägsbankroad embankmentlandsvägsbank · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of krupitsomthatsom · pronounsubject of löpteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
löpteranlöpte · verb, past, indicative, activeclause modifying landsvägsbanktvärsöverstraight acrosstvärsöv · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies kärrmarkenLemma is corrupted; the word is the adverb tvärsöver.
kärrmarkenthe marshlandkärrmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of löpteförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of slippaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of slippainfinitive marker before a verb.
slippabe spared/avoidslippa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on krupitvätanwetnessväta · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of slippaHe was just about to look for a place to sleep when he saw a small band of people come walking along the road.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllhöllwas about tohålla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejustjustjust · adverbmodifies höllpåabout topå · prepositionintroduces the clause of sökaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sökainfinitive marker before a verb.
sökasearchsöka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on höllsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of sökaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sovplatssovplatssleeping placesovplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sökadåwhendå · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of såghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on sovplatspast tense of se, 'to see.'
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skaralitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies skaraskaraflockskara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sågkommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of såggåendewalkinggå · adjective, nominativedirect object of kommaPresent participle gående used adjectivally/adverbially.
påalongpå · prepositionpreposition marking vägenvägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommaIt was a young schoolmistress with a dozen or thirteen children around her.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of lärarinnavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to lärarinnaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lärarinnaungyoungung · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lärarinnalärarinnateacherlärarinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking tolvenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tolvtolvtwelvetolv · numeral, nominativemodifies lärarinnatrettonthirteentretton · numeral, nominativecoordinated with tolvbarnchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies lärarinnaomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies sigsighersig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of lärarinnaThey came in a tight cluster, with the schoolmistress in the middle and the children round about her.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of kommokommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencekommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking klungaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of klungatätthicktät · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies klungaklungaclusterklunga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommomedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking lärarinnanlärarinnanteacherlärarinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies klungaiini · prepositionpreposition marking mittenmittenthe middlemitt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with mittenruntaroundrunt · adverbmodifies henneomkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommoThey talked so cheerfully and confidingly that the boy felt the urge to follow along a bit and listen to what they were saying to one another.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of taladetaladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies muntertmuntertcheerfullymuntert · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of taladech40-p21-s1 and ch45-p2-s6 use it adverbially ("said... cheerfully"); ch41-p9-s1 and ch44-p3-s6 use it predicatively ("were... cheerful").
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförtroligtconfidinglyförtrolig · adverbcoordinated with muntertattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fickpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickfeltfå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on taladelustdesirelust · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of följainfinitive marker before a verb.
följato followfölja · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fickmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking styckeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of styckestyckepiecestycke · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of följaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with följapåtopå · prepositiondepends on höravadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of höratilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking varandravarandraeach othervarandra · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of sade- 36
That he could easily do, for as he ran in the shadow at the roadside, it was almost impossible for anyone to see him.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of görakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of görahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of göralätteasilylätt · adverbmodifies göragöradogöra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of sprangnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of spranghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sprangsprangransprang · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on göraiini · prepositionmodifies sprangskugganshadowskugga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase ividatvid · prepositionpreposition marking vägkantenvägkantenroadsidevägkante · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sprangvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to omöjligtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with omöjligtnästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies omöjligtomöjligtimpossibleomöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on göraförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking någonnågonanyonenågon · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of omöjligtatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitivedepends on omöjligthonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of se And where fifteen people marched along, there was such a clatter of footsteps that no one could hear how the gravel crunched under his little wooden shoes.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärtheredär · adverbmodifies tågadefemtonfifteenfemton · numeral, nominativequantifies människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of tågadetågademarchedtåga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on bullerframforwardfram · adverbdepends on tågadevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to bullerdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of bullersådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies bullerbullernoisebuller · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseavofav · prepositionpreposition marking fotstegfotstegfootstepsfotsteg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies bullerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of höraingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of hörakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörahörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitivedepends on bullerhurhowhur · adverbmodifies knastradegrusetgravelgrus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of knastradeknastradecrunchedknastra · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of höraunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking träskorhanshishan · pronounpossessor of träskorsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies träskorträskorclogsträska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of knastrade- 37
To keep the children in good spirits during the walk, the schoolmistress had been telling them old legends.
Förtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of hållaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hållainfinitive marker before a verb.
hållato keephålla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gåttbarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of hållavidinvid · prepositionpreposition marking modgottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies modmodcouragemod · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hållaunderduringunder · prepositionpreposition marking vandringenvandringenjourneyvandring · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hållahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttlärarinnanteacherlärarinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåttgåttbeengå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationberättattoldberätta · verb, active, supinecoordinated with gåttgamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sägnersägnerlegendssägn · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of gåttförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of gått She had just finished one, when the boy joined the group, but the children at once begged her to tell one more.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slutathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slutatjustjustjust · adverbmodifies slutatslutatfinishedsluta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of slutatnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slötpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slötslötclosedslöt · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on slutatsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of slöttillwithtill · prepositionpreposition marking skaranskaranflockskara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slötmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of passive bådobådoaskedbådo · verb, present, indicative, passivecoordinated with slötArchaic plural past tense of 'be' (to ask/request).
genastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies bådoattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of talahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of talatalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on bådoomtellom · prepositionpreposition marking eneniten · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of talatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking en- 38
«Have you heard the tale of the old giant from Västergötland, who moved to an island far away in the northern sea?» asked the schoolmistress.
Harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörtniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörtsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
hörtheardhöra · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesagantalesaga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörtomofom · prepositionpreposition marking jättendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of jättengamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies jättenjättengiantjätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hörtfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking VästergötlandVästergötlandVästergötlandVästergötland · proper noun, nominativemodifies jättensomwhosom · pronounsubject of flyttatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flyttatflyttatmovedflytta · verb, active, supinerelative clause on Västergötlandtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking öenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ööislandö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flyttatlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies bortabortafar awayborta · adverbmodifies flyttatiini · prepositionpreposition marking nordhavetnordhavetnorthern seanordhav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of bortafrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencelärarinnanteacherlärarinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågade No, the children had not, and the schoolmistress began.
Nejnonej · interjectionhead of the phrasedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Nejintenotinte · particlemodifies hadebarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlärarinnanteacherlärarinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with Nej- 39
«It happened once, on a dark and stormy night, that a ship was wrecked by a little skerry far away in the northern sea.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with händehändehappenedhäna · adjective, nominativehead of the phrasemistagged as an adjective; it is the past tense of 'hända' (to happen).
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of händeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of nattmörkdarkmörk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies nattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstormigstormystormig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with mörknattnightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to gångattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förlisteettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of skeppskeppshipskepp · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of förlisteförlistewas wreckedförliste · verb, past, indicative, activeclause modifying gångvidbyvid · prepositionpreposition marking skärettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of skärlitetlittleliten · adverbmodifies skärthis type bundles the positive and comparative degree forms (litet, mindre) under one entry.
skärskerryskär · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förlisteThis is the noun 'skär' (skerry), mistagged as an adjective by the backbone.
långtfarlångt · adverbmodifies bortabortafar awayborta · adverbmodifies skäriini · prepositionpreposition marking nordhavetnordhavetnorthern seanordhav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of borta The vessel was smashed to splinters against the shore rocks, and of the whole crew there were only two men who managed to save themselves onto land.
Fartygetthe vesselFartyget · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of passive slogsslogswas smashedslogs · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking spillrorspillrorsplintersspillra · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of slogsmotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking strandklippornastrandklippornathe coastal cliffsstrandklipporna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of slogsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationavofav · prepositionpreposition marking besättningenhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies besättningenbesättningenthe crewbesättning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of karlarvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to karlardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with karlarbarajustbara · adverbmodifies karlartvåtwotvå · numeral, nominativequantifies karlarkarlarmenkarl · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with slogssomwhosom · pronounsubject of räddadThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
räddadsavedrädda · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on karlarsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of räddadoppupopp · adverbmodifies räddadColloquial/dialectal spelling of 'upp'.
påontopå · prepositionpreposition marking landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of oppThey stood on the skerry drenched and stiff with cold, and one can well understand that they were overjoyed when they saw a great driftwood fire blazing on the shore.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking skäretskäretskerryskäer · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stoddyvåtasoaking wetdyvåt · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstelastiffsteel · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with dyvåtaLemma is truncated; the word is 'stel' (stiff).
avwithav · prepositionpreposition marking köldköldcoldköld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stelaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förståkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of förstånogwellnog · adverbmodifies förståförståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with stodattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blidetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of bliskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of förståbraverybra · adverbmodifies gladagladagladglad · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of blinärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blipast tense of se, 'to see.'
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stockeldstockeldlog firestockeld · adjectivecomplement of blilågalowlåg · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with stockeldpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking strandbräddenstrandbräddenriverbankstrandbrädd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stockeldThey hurried toward the fire without thought of any danger.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of skyndadeskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceframforwardfram · adverbmodifies skyndademottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking eldeneldenfireeld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of framutanwithoututan · prepositionpreposition marking faratankethoughttanke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase utanpåofpå · prepositionpart of the phrase utannågonanynågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of farafaradangerfara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skyndadesome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
Only when they were quite close to it did they notice that a fearsome old warrior sat by the fire, so huge and massive that they could not doubt he was a man of giant kin whom they had chanced upon.
Förstfirstförst · adverbmodifies näradåwhendå · subordinating conjunctionmodifies näradetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of näravarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to näradenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of näraheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies näranäraclosenära · adverbadverbial clause on märkteType lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära.
märktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of märkteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sattinfinitive marker before a verb.
vidbyvid · prepositionpreposition marking eldeneldenfireeld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattsattsatsatt · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of märkteenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fruktansvärdfruktansvärdfearsomefruktansvärd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kämpegammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kämpekämpewarriorkämpe · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sattsåsoså · adverbmodifies storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgrovmassivegrov · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with storattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tvivladetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of tvivlaintenotinte · particlemodifies tvivlakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tvivlatvivlato doubttvivla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sattomthatom · prepositionintroduces the clause of manattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of mandetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of manvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to manenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of manmanmanman · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying tvivlaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking jättesläktjättesläktgiant kinjättesläka · nounmodifies mansomwhomsom · pronounoblique complement of råkatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of råkathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkatråkatcome uponråka · verb, active, supinerelative clause on jättesläktpåuponpå · prepositionpreposition marking som- 40
They stopped and hesitated, but the north storm howled over the skerry with a dreadful cold.
Detheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of stannadesurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
stannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtvekadehesitatedtvekad · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stannademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnordanstormennorth stormnordanstorm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of venvenhowled/whinedven · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with stannadePast tense of the verb 'vina' (to howl, of wind), mistagged as a noun.
överoveröver · prepositionpreposition marking skäretskäretskerryskäer · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies venmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking köldenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of köldförfärligterribleförfärlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies köldköldcoldköld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ven They would soon freeze to death if they did not get to warm themselves at the giant's fire, and they decided to risk approaching him.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of frysaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of frysasnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies frysafrysafreezefrysa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceihjälto deathihjäl · adverbcomplement of frysaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fingedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fingeintenotinte · particlemodifies fingefingemight get tofinge · verb, past, subjunctive, activeadverbial clause on frysaArchaic past subjunctive of få ("to get/be allowed").
värmato warmvärma · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fingesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of värmavidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking brasajättensgiant'sjätt · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of brasabrasafirebrasa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of värmaA hearth or bonfire.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of beslötbeslötdecidedbeslöt · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with frysaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vågainfinitive marker before a verb.
vågato darevåga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of beslötsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vågaframforwardfram · adverbmodifies vågatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fram'Good evening, father!' said the elder of them.
GodgoodGod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kvällIn greetings like 'God dag'/'God kväll' this is the adjective 'good', not the name Goddag.
kvälleveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadefarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with kvällsadesaidsa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of äldsteäldstethe eldestäldste · adjective, nominative, masculine, singular, superlativesubject of sadeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies äldste'Will you let two shipwrecked sailors warm themselves at your fire?'
VillwillVill · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of låtaniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låtasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
låtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencetvåtwotvå · numeral, nominativequantifies sjömänförlistashipwreckedförlist · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sjömänsjömänsailorssjömän · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of låtavärmato warmvärma · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låtasigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of värmavidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking elderyouni · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of eldeldfireeld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of värma- 41
The giant started up out of his thoughts, half rose, and drew the sword from its sheath.
Jättenthe giantJätten · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sprattspratttrickspratt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of oppoppupopp · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseMistagged as a noun; opp is the colloquial spelling of upp, "up".
urout ofur · prepositiondepends on oppsinahissig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of tankartankarthoughtstank · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of oppresteroseresa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with oppsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of restehalvthalfhalv · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies resteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdrogpulleddra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with oppsvärdetthe swordsvärde · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of drogurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking skidanskidanthe sheathskida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of drog 'What sort of folk are you?' he asked, for he was old and saw poorly and did not know what kind of people had spoken to him.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phraseärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to Vadniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Vadsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
försort offör · prepositionmodifies Vadenasortena · adjective, nominativepart of the phrase förfrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågadeförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of gammalhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gammalvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gammalgammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on frågadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gammalillabadlyilla · adjective, nominativecomplement of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gammalintenotinte · particlemodifies visstevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularintroduces the clause of folkdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of folkvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to folkförkind offör · prepositionpreposition marking folkfolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralclausal complement of visstesomthatsom · pronounsubject of talatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of talattalattalkedtala · verb, active, supinerelative clause on folktilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talat- 42
'We're both men of Västergötland, if you want to know,' answered the elder of the sailors.
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of västgötarärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to västgötarvästgötarVästergötland menvästgöt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasebådabothbåda · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tvåtvåtwotvå · numeral, nominativemodifies västgötaromifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vetaniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
villwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of vetaveta’tto knowveta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on västgötarsvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of vetadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of äldsteäldstethe eldestäldste · adjective, nominative, masculine, singular, superlativesubject of svaradeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking sjömännensjömännenthe sailorssjömänn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularagent of svarade 'Our ship has wrecked in the sea out there, and we have come ashore frozen and half-naked.'
VårtourVårt · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of skeppskeppshipskepp · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of förfrusnaharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of förfrusnaförlisthas been wreckedförlist · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hariini · prepositionpreposition marking havethavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies förlisthärutanförout herehärutanför · adverbmodifies harochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kommitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineauxiliary of förfrusnaoppupopp · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on kommitMistagged as a noun; opp is the colloquial spelling of upp, "up".
påashorepå · prepositionpreposition marking landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommitförfrusnafrozenförfrusna · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhalvnaknahalf-nakedhalvnakna · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with förfrusna- 43
'I don't usually tolerate people on my skerry, but if you're men of Västergötland, that's another matter,' said the giant, and put the sword back in its sheath.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brukarbrukartends tobruka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies brukartålatoleratetåla · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of brukarmänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of tålapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking skärmittmyjag · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of skärThis entry is really the possessive "mitt" (neuter agreement), mistagged under the lemma jag.
skärskerryskär · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tålaThis is the noun 'skär' (skerry), mistagged as an adjective by the backbone.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of västgötarniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of västgötarsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to västgötarvästgötarVästergötland menvästgöt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraladverbial clause on sakärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to sakdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sakenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sakannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies saksakthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with brukarsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to brukarjättengiantjätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstackputstack · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with jättenThis is actually the past tense of the verb stinga 'to stick/poke', mistagged as a noun.
ininin · adverbdepends on stacksvärdetthe swordsvärde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of sadeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking skidanskidanthe sheathskida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sade 'Then you may sit down and warm yourselves, for I myself am from Västergötland and have lived in the great mound at Skalunda for many years.'
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies sittakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sittaniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sittasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
fåmayfå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of sittasittato sitsitta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencenerdownner · adverbdepends on sittaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvärmato warmvärma · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sittaeryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of värmaförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of självjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of självärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to självsjälvmyselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on sittafrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking VästergötlandVästergötlandVästergötlandVästergötland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of självochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bottbottlivedbott · verb, active, supinecoordinated with sittaiini · prepositionpreposition marking högendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of högenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies högenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
högenpilehög · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bottiini · prepositionpreposition marking SkalundaSkalundaSkalundaSkalunda · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of bottiini · prepositionpreposition marking årmångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies åråryearsår · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of bott- 44
The sailors now took their seats on a couple of stones.
Sjömännenthe sailorsSjömännen · proper noun, nominativesubject of togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies togplatsplaceplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of togpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking stenarettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies stenarstenarstonessten · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of tog They did not dare address the giant, but sat silent and stared at him.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of vågadevågadedaredvåga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies tilltalatilltalato addresstilltala · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of vågadejättengiantjätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tilltalautanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
sattsatsätta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vågadeThis form (satt) is actually the past tense of sitta 'to sit', not sätta 'to set'; glossed by its real sense.
tystaquiettyst · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstirradestaredstirra · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with sattReally the past tense of the verb stirra ('to stare'), mistagged here as an adjective.
påatpå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattAnd the longer they regarded him, the bigger he seemed to their eyes, and the smaller and more powerless they felt themselves to be.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjutheju · conjunctionmodifies betraktadelängrelongerlänge · adverbmodifies betraktadedetheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of betraktadeSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
betraktaderegardedbetrakta · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on störrehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of betraktadedestothedesto · adverbmodifies störrestörrebiggerstor · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies syntessyntesseemedsyntes · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of syntesförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking ögonderastheirde · pronounpossessor of ögonpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
ögoneyesögon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of syntesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdestothedesto · adverbmodifies mindremindresmallerlite · adverbadverbial clause on föreföllSurface 'mindre' is the shared comparative of both 'lite' (less) and 'liten' (small); in ch. examples it renders as predicate-adjective 'smaller' (mycket mindre än han, mindre höga) as often as adverbial 'less' (nöjde sig inte med mindre).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkraftlösaremore powerlesskraftlösare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with mindreföreföllseemedföreföll · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceActually a past-tense form of förefalla ('seemed'), despite the present-indicative tag.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of föreföllsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of föreföllsjälvathemselvessjälv · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying sig- 45
'I have poor eyes nowadays,' the giant explained.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedåligapoordålig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ögonögoneyesögon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of harnumeranowadaysnumera · adverbmodifies harförklaradeexplainedförklara · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to harjättengiantjätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förklarade 'I can hardly make out a glimpse of you.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sekancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of seknappthardlyknappt · adverbmodifies seseseese · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skymtskymtglimpseskymt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of seavofav · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluralmodifies skymtIt would otherwise have amused me to know what a man of Västergötland looks like nowadays.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with haskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of haannarsotherwiseannars · adverbmodifies hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceroatamusedroat · verb, active, supineindirect object of hamigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of haatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vetainfinitive marker before a verb.
vetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hahurhowhur · adverbmodifies tarenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of västgötevästgötea Västergötland manvästgöte · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tartartakesta · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of vetasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tarutlookut · adverbdepends on tarnunownu · adverbmodifies tarföratför · prepositionpreposition marking tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tarBut at least give me your hand, one of you, so that I may feel whether there is still warm blood in Sweden!'
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationräckgiveräck · adverbmodifies migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularsubject of handenåtminstoneat leaståtminstone · adverbmodifies handenhandenhandhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseenoneman · pronoun, common gender, singularin apposition to handenSurfaces are only "en"/"En" used as a counting pronoun ("en av dem" = "one of them"), not the indefinite generic pronoun man/en ("one does X"). Lemma is mistagged as man; it should be en (numeral pronoun "one"). Gloss "one" happens to still be correct.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluralmodifies ensåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of kännaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kännafårmayfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kännakännato feelkänna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on handenomifom · subordinating conjunctiondepends on kännadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsännustillännu · adverbmodifies finnsfinnsthere isfinnas · verb, present, indicativeclausal complement of kännavarmtwarmvarm · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies blodblodbloodblod · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of finnsiini · prepositionpreposition marking SverigeSverigeSwedenSverige · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of finns- 46
The men eyed the giant's fists and their own by turns.
Karlarnathe menKarlarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of betraktadebetraktadewatchedbetrakta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceömsevisby turnsömsevis · adverbmodifies betraktadejättensgiant'sjätt · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of nävarnävarfistsnäva · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of betraktadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsinatheir ownsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of egnaegnaownegen · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with nävar Neither of them had any wish to try his handshake.
Ingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of hadeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies Ingenhadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenågonnonågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lustlustdesirelust · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of prövainfinitive marker before a verb.
prövatrypröva · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hadehanshishan · pronounpossessor of handslaghandslaghandshakehandslag · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of prövaBut they saw that an iron poker, which the giant used to stir the fire with, had been left lying in the flames and was glowing hot at one end.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivitettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of järnspettjärnspettiron pokerjärnspett · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of blivitsomwhichsom · pronounoblique complement of brukadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jättengiantjätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brukadebrukadeused tobruka · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on järnspettanvändauseanvända · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of brukadetilltotill · prepositionintroduces the clause of röraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of rörainfinitive marker before a verb.
rörastirröra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on användaomstirom · prepositiondepends on röraiini · prepositionpreposition marking brasanbrasanfirebrasa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of röraA hearth or bonfire.
medwithmed · prepositiondepends on rörahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineclausal complement of sågkvarliggandeleft lyingkvarliggande · adjective, nominativecomplement of blivitiini · prepositionpreposition marking eldeneldenfireelde · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blivitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarwasvara · determiner, common gender, singularcopula linking to glödhettmistagged as a determiner; the surface 'var' here is the past tense of vara 'to be'.
glödhettglowing hotglödhett · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with blivitiati · prepositionmodifies glödhettenaoneena · adjective, nominativepart of the phrase iändanthe endändan · nounpart of the phrase iThey lifted it up with their combined strength and held it out to the giant.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of lyftelyfteliftedlyfte · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of oppch11-p13-s6 uses lyfte intransitively for a bird taking off ("rose"), not "lifted" something.
oppupopp · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemistagged as a verb; this is the dialectal/colloquial adverb opp, a variant of upp 'up'.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of oppmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking kraftergemensammacombinedgemensam · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies krafterkrafterstrengthkraft · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of oppochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationräckteheld outräcka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with oppdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of räcktemottomot · prepositionpreposition marking jättenjättengiantjätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of räckteHe took hold of the poker and gripped it, so that the iron flowed between his fingers.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fattadefattadetook holdfatta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceomaroundom · prepositionpreposition marking spettetspettetthe pokerspette · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fattadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkramadegrippedkrama · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fattadedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of kramadesåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of flötattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såjärnetironjärn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of flötflötflowedflöt · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fattadepast tense of flyta ('to flow/float'); also 'floated'.
mellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking fingrarnafingrarnahis fingersfingrarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of flöt'Ah yes, I feel that there's still warm blood in Sweden,' he said, quite satisfied, to the astonished sailors.
Åjaah yesÅja · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kännerkännerfeelskänna · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to Åjaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of finnsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsfinnsthere isfinnas · verb, present, indicativeclausal complement of kännervarmtwarmvarm · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies blodblodbloodblod · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of finnsiini · prepositionpreposition marking SverigeSverigeSwedenSverige · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of finnsännustillännu · adverbmodifies finnssadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to kännerhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies förnöjdförnöjdpleasedförnöjd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of sadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking sjömännendetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of sjömännenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
förbluffadeastonishedförbluffa · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sjömännensjömännenthe sailorssjömänn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of förnöjd- 47
It grew still and quiet again by the fire for a while, but the fact that the giant had chanced upon countrymen had turned his thoughts back to Västergötland.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceåteragainåter · adverbmodifies blevstillastillstilla · adverbmodifies blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtystquiettyst · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with stillavidbyvid · prepositionpreposition marking brasanbrasanfirebrasa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blevA hearth or bonfire.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blevmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationseseese · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with blevdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of seattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of råkatjättengiantjätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkatråkatchanced uponråka · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on förtlandsmäncountrymenlandsmän · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of råkathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förtförtcarriedföra · verb, active, supineclausal complement of sehanshishan · pronounpossessor of tankartankarthoughtstanka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of förttillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies tankartilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking VästergötlandVästergötlandVästergötlandVästergötland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of tillbaka One memory after another rose up in him.
Detaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of minnetenaoneena · adjective, nominativemodifies minnetminnetmemoryminn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of dökefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking andradetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of andraandraanothertvå · adjective, nominativemodifies minnetdökrose updök · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceoppupopp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on dökDialectal form of upp ("up"), mistagged as a noun by the parser.
förtoför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of dök- 48
'I wonder how things stand with Skalunda mound nowadays?' he asked the sailors.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undrarundrarwondersundra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehurhowhur · adverbmodifies stådetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ståkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of ståståstandstå · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of undrartillgoingtill · prepositionintroduces the clause of Skalundamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking SkalundaSkalundaSkalundaSkalunda · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of ståhögtallhög · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stånunownu · adverbmodifies ståföratför · prepositionpreposition marking tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nufrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågadesjömännenthe sailorssjömänn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of frågade - 49
Neither of the men knew anything about the mound the giant was asking after.
Ingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of hadeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking karlarnakarlarnathe menkarlarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies Ingenhadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenågonanythingnågon · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of haderedafind outreda · adverbdepends on hadepart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking högenhögenpilehög · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadesomthatsom · pronoundirect object of frågadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jättengiantjätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågadefrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hadeefteraboutefter · prepositionpreposition marking frågade 'It's quite sunk in, I suppose,' answered one of them, as if venturing a guess.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of braärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to braalltallall · adverbmodifies brabraquitebra · adverbmodifies ihopsjunkennogquitenog · adverbpart of the phrase braihopsjunkensunken inihopsjunk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to ihopsjunkendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of eneenethe oneena · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of svaradeUsed with den andre, "the one... the other...".
liksomas ifliksom · prepositionintroduces the clause of försökpåas ifpå · prepositionpreposition marking försökförsökattemptförsök · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of svaradeHe sensed that it would not do to stand speechless before such a questioner.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändekändesensedkän · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast tense 'kände' of känna, here in the sense 'recognized'; same surface as käna but a distinct sense of the polysemous verb.
påsensepå · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of kändeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gickdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gickintenotinte · particlemodifies gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kändeandoan · adverbdepends on gickUsed only in the fixed idiom 'gå an' meaning 'to be all right/permitted'.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ståinfinitive marker before a verb.
ståstandstå · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of gicksvarslösspeechlesssvarslös · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ståinförbeforeinför · prepositionpreposition marking spörjareenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of spörjaresådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies spörjaresån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
spörjarequestionerspörjare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stå'Aye, aye, I can well believe it,' said the giant, nodding in confirmation.
Jajaaye, ayeJaja · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldepends on trojajaaye, ayejaja · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Jajakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tronogwellnog · adverbmodifies trotrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of trosadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to trojättengiantjätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnickadenoddednicka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadebekräftandein confirmationbekräftande · adjective, nominativecomplement of nickade'It couldn't be otherwise, for that mound my wife and daughter carried together in their aprons in a single morning.'
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with bättreärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to bättreintenotinte · particlemodifies bättrebättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativehead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of begärainfinitive marker before a verb.
begäraask for/demandbegära · verb, active, infinitivedepends on bättreförforför · prepositionpreposition marking högendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of högenhögenpilehög · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of begärabarcarriedbara · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to bättreminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of hustrupossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
hustruwifehustru · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of barochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdotterdaughterdotter · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hustruihoptogetherihop · adverbdepends on bariini · prepositionpreposition marking förklädensinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of förklädenförklädenapronsförkläd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of barpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking morgonstundenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of morgonstundmorgonstundmorningmorgonstund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bar- 50
Again he sat brooding and trying to gather his memories together.
ÅteragainÅter · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies sattMistagged as a noun; this is the adverb åter ("again").
sattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgrubbladeponderedgrubbla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförsöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of samlainfinitive marker before a verb.
samlato gathersamla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sattihoptogetherihop · adverbdepends on samlasinahissig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of minnenminnenmemoriesminne · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of samla It was not so very recently that he had been home in Västergötland, and it took a while before he could reach deep enough down among his recollections.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varitvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to varitintenotinte · particlemodifies varitsåsoså · adverbmodifies varitalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies nyligennyligenrecentlynyligen · adverbmodifies varithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencehemmaat homehemma · adverbmodifies varitiini · prepositionpreposition marking VästergötlandVästergötlandVästergötlandVästergötland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of varitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with varitenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of trängahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trängakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trängaträngato force one's waytränga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gicktillräckligtsufficientlytillräcklig · adverbmodifies djuptdjuptdeeplydjup · adverbmodifies nernerdownner · adverbmodifies trängablandamongbland · prepositionpreposition marking hågkomstersinahissig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of hågkomsterhågkomsterrecollectionshågkomst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of ner- 51
'Then Kinnekulle and Billingen and the other little hills scattered over the great plain — they still stand, I suppose?' said the giant.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationKinnekulleKinnekulleKinnekulle · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with ’Hill in Västergötland.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationBillingenBillingenbilling · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Kinnekulleochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of småbergenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies småbergensmåbergenlittle hillssmåberg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Kinnekullesomthatsom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
låglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on småbergenströddascatteredströdd · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying lågöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking slättendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of slättenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies slättenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
slättenplainslätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to Kinnekullevälsupposeväl · adverbmodifies stårändåstilländå · adverbmodifies stårkvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on stårsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejättengiantjätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade — 'Oh, they do indeed,' answered the man of Västergötland, and to show the giant that he understood him to be a capable fellow, he added: 'Perhaps you had a hand in raising one or another of those hills, father?'
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of görgördoesgöra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of görnogindeednog · adverbmodifies görsvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to görvästgötenthe man of Västergötlandvästgöte · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of svaradeSurface 'västgöten' is the definite singular noun, despite the plural morphology tag.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of visaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of visainfinitive marker before a verb.
visato showvisa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with svaradejättengiantjätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of visaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förstodhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstodförstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with görattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of karldennehedenna · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of karlArchaic masculine demonstrative "denne" used anaphorically for a previously named male person.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to karlenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of karlduktigcapableduktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies karlkarlmankarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on förstodtilladeaddedtilla · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to görhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tilladeNiyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of oppsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeintroduces the clause of oppkanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies varmedwithmed · prepositiondepends on varominom · prepositionintroduces the clause of resaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of resainfinitive marker before a verb.
resato travelresa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on oppoppupoppa · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceDialectal form of upp ("up"), a particle, not a finite verb; the parser mistagged it.
ettaen · numeral, nominative, neuter, singulardeterminer of bergenelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with ettavofav · prepositionpart of the phrase ettdetheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of bergenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
bergenmountainberg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of oppniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of farsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on bergen- 52
'No, not exactly that,' said the giant, 'but I can tell you that you have my father to thank for those hills still standing there.
Ånejoh noÅnej · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseInterjection (Ånej = Å nej, 'oh no'), tagged as a proper noun by the parser.
intenotinte · particlemodifies detjustjustjust · adverbmodifies detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularin apposition to Ånejsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Ånejjättengiantjätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of talatalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sadeomtellom · prepositiondepends on talaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of harduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of talaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tackainfinitive marker before a verb.
tackathanktacka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of harGloss 'thank' is correct for the infinitive verb, but example ch13-p20-s8 ('sade en gammal tacka') uses the unrelated homograph noun 'tacka' meaning 'ewe' — that example is mis-slotted under this verb lemma and should not be read as 'to thank'.
minmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of farpossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tackaförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of stårattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stårdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of stårdärtheredär · adverbmodifies stårbergenmountainberg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on harkvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on stårdärtheredär · adverbmodifies står When I was a small lad, there was no great plain in Västergötland; where the plain now spreads out, there lay a mountain range that stretched from Vättern to the Göta River.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of piltjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of piltvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to piltlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies piltpiltladpilt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of slättstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies slättslättplainslätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannsiini · prepositionpreposition marking VästergötlandVästergötlandVästergötlandVästergötland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of fannsutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
därtheredär · adverbmodifies brederslättenplainslätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bredernunownu · adverbmodifies brederbrederspreadsbreda · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with fannsutoutut · adverbdepends on bredersigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of brederlåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to fannsenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bergviddbergviddrocky expansebergvidd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lågsomthatsom · pronounsubject of sträckteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
sträcktestretchedsträcka · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on bergviddsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sträcktefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking VätternVätternLake VätternVättern · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sträcktetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking GötaGötaGötaGöta · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of sträcktePart of place names Göta kanal / Göta älv.
älvriverälv · proper noun, nominativedepends on GötaBut then some rivers took it into their heads to grind the mountain to gravel and carry it down to Vänern.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies föresatteföresatteresolvedföresatte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of föresattenågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of älvarälvarriversälv · adjective, nominative, plural, superlativemodifies föresatteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of grusadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of grusaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of grusagrusagrind to gravelgrusa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of föresattesönderapart/brokensönder · adverbdepends on grusabergetmountainberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of grusaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationföracarryföra · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with grusanerdownner · adverbdepends on föradetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of föratilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking VänernVänernVänernväner · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of föraLake Vänern, Sweden's largest lake.
It was not a proper granite mountain, but consisted mostly of limestone and slate, so the rivers found it easy to overcome.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gråstensbergvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gråstensbergintenotinte · particlemodifies gråstensbergnågotanågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of gråstensbergriktigtproperriktig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies gråstensberggråstensberggranite mountaingråstensberg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with bestodbestodconsistedbestå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gråstensbergmestmostlymycket · adverbsubject of bestodavofav · prepositionpreposition marking kalkstenkalkstenlimestonekalksten · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bestodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskifferslateskiffer · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with kalkstensåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of hadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såälvarnariversälv · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on bestodlätteasilylätt · adverbdirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fåovercomefå · verb, active, infinitivedepends on hadebuktovercomebukt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of fåI remember how they made their channels and river valleys ever wider, until at last they widened them into plains.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of minnsminnsremembersminnas · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentencehurhowhur · adverbmodifies gjordedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on minnssinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of rännorrännorchannelsränna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of gjordeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfloddalarriver valleysfloddal · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with gjordeallteverallt · adverbmodifies bredarebredarebroaderbred · adjective, nominative, comparativeadverbial clause on floddalarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies vidgadesistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase tillvidgadewidenedvidga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with bredaredetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of vidgadesurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
utoutut · adverbdepends on vidgadedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of vidgadetilltotill · prepositionintroduces the clause of slätterslätterplainsslätt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraladverbial clause on vidgadeFather and I sometimes went out to watch the rivers at their work, and Father was none too pleased that they were destroying the whole mountain.
Farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceiblandsometimesibland · adverbmodifies gickutoutut · adverbdepends on gickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickpast tense of se, 'to see.'
påwatchpå · prepositionpreposition marking arbeteälvarnasthe rivers'älvarnas · noun, genitive, common gender, pluralpossessor of arbetearbeteworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of nöjdvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to nöjdintenotinte · particlemodifies nöjdriktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies nöjdnöjdpleasednöjd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with gickmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of nöjdattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förstördedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of förstördeförstördedestroyedförstörde · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on nöjdhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies bergetbergetmountainberg · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of förstörde'They could at least leave us a few resting places,' he said, and with that he took off his stone shoes and set one down far in the west and the other far in the east.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of lämnakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lämnavälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies lämnaåtminstoneat leaståtminstone · adverbmodifies lämnalämnaleavelämna · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of lämnakvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on lämnanågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of viloplatserviloplatserresting placesviloplats · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of lämnasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on viloplatserhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärmedwith thatdärmed · adverbmodifies togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lämnahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of togavoffav · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of togsinahissig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of stenskorstenskorstone shoesstenska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of togochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with togpast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
nerdownner · adverbdepends on sattedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of västerenaoneena · adjective, nominativemodifies västerlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies västeriini · prepositionpreposition marking västervästerwestväster · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of satteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andraandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies långtlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies satteiini · prepositionmodifies långtöstereastöster · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iHis stone hat he laid down on a hillock by the shore of Vänern; my stone cap he flung further south, and threw his stone club in the same direction.
SinhisSin · proper noun, genitivepossessor of stenhattstenhattstone hatstenhatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ladeladelaidla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentence"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ladenerdownner · adverbmodifies ladepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking bergknölenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bergknölbergknöla rocky knollbergknöl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ladevidbyvid · prepositionpreposition marking VänerstrandenVänerstrandenthe shore of Vänernvänerstrand · proper noun, nominativemodifies bergknölminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of stenluvapossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
stenluvastone capstenluva · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slängdeslängdethrewslänga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to ladehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slängdeutoutut · adverbdepends on slängdelängrefurtherlänge · adverbmodifies slängdeåttowardåt · prepositionpreposition marking södersödersouthsöder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slängdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activemodifies stenklubbasinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of stenklubbastenklubbastone clubstenklubba · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of slängdeåtinåt · prepositionmodifies slängdesammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of hållhålldirectionhåll · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of slängdeWhatever other good, hard stone we had with us, he set down in various places.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of ladeannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ladeviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on annatmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of hadeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking stengodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stenhårdhardhård · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with godstenstonesten · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ossladeset downla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentence"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ladepåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking ställenskildavariousskild · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ställenställenplacesställe · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of ladeThen the rivers washed away nearly the whole mountain, but the spots that Father had protected with his stoneware they did not dare touch, and so they were left standing.
Sedanthensedan · adverbmodifies sköljdesköljdewashedsköljde · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on vågadeälvarnariversälv · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive sköljdebortawaybort · adverbdepends on sköljdenästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies bergethelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies bergetbergetthe mountainberge · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sköljdemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ställenaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
ställenaplacesställe · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with sköljdesomthatsom · pronounsubject of skyddatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skyddathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skyddatskyddatprotectedskydda · verb, active, supinerelative clause on ställenamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking stengodssitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of stengodspossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
stengodsstone belongingsstengods · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of skyddatvågadedaredvåga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of vågadesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vågadeintenotinte · particlemodifies vågadepåtouchpå · prepositiondepends on vågadeutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ståfickwere leftfå · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ståståstandstå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with vågadekvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on ståWhere Father had set down one of his shoes, Halleberg remained under the heel and Hunneberg under the sole.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies sattfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of satthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sattsattputsätta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceutdownut · adverbdepends on sattsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of skoenaone ofena · adjective, nominativemodifies skoskoshoesko · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sattblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to sattHallebergHallebergHalleberg · proper noun, nominativesubject of blevkvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on blevunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking klackenklackenthe heelklack · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationHunnebergHunnebergHunneberg · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with blevunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking sulansulanthe solesula · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blevUnder the other shoe Billingen was preserved; Father's hat had given shelter to Kinnekulle, under my cap lay Mösseberg, and under the stone club hid Ålleberg.
Underunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking skondenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skonandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies skonskonthe shoeskon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of bevaradesbevaradeswas preservedbevara · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentenceBillingenBillingenBillingen · proper noun, nominativesubject of passive bevaradesfarsfather'sfar · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of hatthatthathatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Billingenhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gettgettgivenge · verb, active, supinecoordinated with bevaradesskyddshelterskydd · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gettåttoåt · prepositionpreposition marking KinnekulleKinnekulleKinnekulleKinnekulle · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of gettHill in Västergötland.
underunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking luvaminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of luvapossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
luvacapluva · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gettlåglayligga · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Mössebergmistagged as adjective; the surface 'låg' here is the past tense of ligga 'to lie', not the unrelated adjective låg 'low'.
MössebergMössebergMösseberg · proper noun, nominativemodifies luvaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking stenklubbanstenklubbanthe stone clubstenklubban · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gömdegömdehidgömde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with bevaradessigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of gömdeÅllebergÅllebergÅlleberg · proper noun, nominativedirect object of gömdeAll the other little hills on the Västergötland plain were likewise spared for Father's sake, and now I just wonder whether there are many men in Västergötland with that much respect left in them.'
Allaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of småbergendetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of småbergenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies småbergensmåbergenlittle hillssmåberg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking VästgötaslättenVästgötaslättenthe Västergötland plainVästgötaslätten · proper noun, nominativemodifies småbergenblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activepassive auxiliary of sparadeocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies sparadesparadesparedspara · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseförforför · prepositionpreposition marking farsfarsfather'sfar · noun, genitive, common gender, singularoblique complement of sparadeskullsakeskull · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on farsonly occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies undrarundrarwondersundra · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sparadejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undrarjustjustjust · adverbmodifies finnsomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of finnsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsfinnsthere arefinnas · verb, present, indicativeadverbial clause on undrarmångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies karlarkarlarmenkarl · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of finnsiini · prepositionpreposition marking VästergötlandVästergötlandVästergötlandVästergötland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of finnssomwhosom · pronounsubject of harThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
harhasha · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on Västergötlandsåthatså · adverbmodifies harpassthat muchpass · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase såfunctions as a degree particle here, not the noun 'pass'.
respektrespectrespekt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of harmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigthemsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of har- 53
'That's not so easy to answer,' said the sailor, 'but I must say that if rivers and giants were once so mighty in their day, then I feel, as it were, an increased respect for us humans, for it is nevertheless we who have made ourselves masters over both the plain and the mountains.'
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lättärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to lättintenotinte · particlemodifies lättsåsoså · adverbmodifies lättlätteasylätt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasech01-p14 'ett lätt buller' renders as 'a faint noise' in the translation, a distinct sense from weight/air-lightness or ease.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of svarainfinitive marker before a verb.
svarato answersvara · verb, active, infinitivedepends on lättpåanswerpå · prepositionpreposition marking sakendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sakensakenthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of svarasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on sakensjömannenthe sailorsjömann · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeOnly surface is definite 'sjömannen'; every example translates it 'the sailor'.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fårfårmustfå · verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of sadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of mäktigaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of mäktigaälvarriversälv · adverbsubject of varitMistagged as an adverb; älvar is the plural of älv ("river").
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjättargiantsjätta · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with älvarjättar is the plural noun 'giants'; mistagged as a verb.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supinecopula linking to mäktigasåsoså · adverbmodifies mäktigamäktigamightymäktig · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying sadeiin their dayi · prepositionpreposition marking darsinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of dardardaysd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of mäktigasåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on tyckertyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on sakenjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fårjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fårfårfeelfå · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of tyckerliksomas it wereliksom · prepositionpreposition marking aktningökadincreasedöka · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies aktningaktningrespectaktning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fårförforför · prepositionpreposition marking människornamänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies aktningförforför · conjunctionintroduces the clause of ärnunownu · adverbmodifies ärärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to lättdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ärändåneverthelessändå · adverbmodifies ärdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldepends on ärsomwhosom · pronounsubject of gjortThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjortgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supinerelative clause on desigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of gjorttillintotill · prepositionpreposition marking herrarherrarmastersherr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gjortöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking slättenbådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslättenplainslätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies herrarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbergenmountainberg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with slätten - 54
The giant gave a slight grimace.
Jättenthe giantJätten · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of grinadegrinadegrimacedgrina · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetillsuddenlytill · prepositionpreposition marking smulaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of smulasmulabitsmula · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of grinade He did not look at all as though he had been pleased with the answer, but he soon took up the conversation again.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
justjustjust · adverbmodifies sågintenotinte · particlemodifies sågutlookut · adverbdepends on sågsomassom · pronounsubject of blivitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivitskullehadskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivithahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sågsåsoså · adverbmodifies nöjdnöjdpleasednöjd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking svaretsvaretanswersvar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of nöjdmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sågsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies togoppupopp · noun, nominative, neuter, singularindirect object of togMistagged as a noun; opp is the colloquial spelling of upp, "up".
samtaletconversationsamtal · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of togpåagainpå · prepositionpreposition marking nyttnyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies samtalet'How does it stand with Trollhättan nowadays?' he said.
Hurhowhur · adverbmodifies stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with stårtillgoingtill · prepositiondepends on stårmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking TrollhättanTrollhättanTrollhättanTrollhättan · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of stårnunownu · adverbmodifies stårföratför · prepositionpreposition marking tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stårsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade— 'It rushes and thunders as it always has,' said the sailor.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of forsarforsarrushesforsa · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdundrarthundersdundra · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with forsarsomassom · pronoundirect object of gjortThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of gjortalltidalwaysalltid · adverbmodifies gjortharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjortgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supinerelative clause on dundrarsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to forsarsjömannenthe sailorsjömann · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeOnly surface is definite 'sjömannen'; every example translates it 'the sailor'.
'Perhaps you had a hand in setting the great waterfalls going, just as you had a hand in sparing the Västergötland hills?'
Niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varitsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitkanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositiondepends on varitominom · prepositionintroduces the clause of ställaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ställainfinitive marker before a verb.
ställato setställa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on varitigoingi · prepositiondepends on ställagånggoinggång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase idetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vattenfallenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
storabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vattenfallenvattenfallenthe waterfallsvattenfall · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ställaliksomjust asliksom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
varwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ställamedwithmed · prepositiondepends on varominom · prepositionintroduces the clause of sparaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sparainfinitive marker before a verb.
sparato sparespara · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on varVästgötabergenthe Västergötland hillsVästgötabergen · proper noun, nominativedirect object of spara— 'No, not exactly that,' said the giant, 'but I remember that when I was a small lad, my brothers and I used to use it as a slide.
Ånejoh noÅnej · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseInterjection (Ånej = Å nej, 'oh no'), tagged as a proper noun by the parser.
intenotinte · particlemodifies detjustjustjust · adverbmodifies detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularadverbial clause on Ånejsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Ånejjättengiantjätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sadeihågto mind (remember)ihåg · adverbdepends on kommeronly occurs in the fixed phrase komma ihåg 'to remember'.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of brukadenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of piltjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of piltvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to piltenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of piltlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies piltpiltladpilt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on brukadebrukadeused tobruka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sadejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brukadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbrödernabrothersbröd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with jagLemma listed as 'bröd' (bread) but the surfaces 'bröder'/'bröderna' are the plural of 'broder' (brother); glossed by actual meaning.
minamyjag · pronoun, pluralpossessor of begagnaThis entry is really the possessive "mina" (plural agreement), mistagged under the lemma jag.
begagnausebegagen · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of brukadedeniten · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of begagnatillastill · prepositionpreposition marking rutschbanarutschbanasliderutschbana · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of begagnaWe would stand on a log, and away we went, down Gullöfallet and Toppöfallet and the other three falls.
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of ställdeställdestoodställa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of ställdepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking stockenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stockstocklogstock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ställdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåawayså · adverbmodifies barbaraway wentba · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of åstadThe first occurrence is an apparent typo for har; the second is the idiom bära åstad.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of åstadåstadoffåstad · verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominativeadverbial clause on utförFixed adverbial particle used with verbs of motion (satte åstad, gav sig åstad = 'set off').
utfördownutföra · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with ställdeFunctions here as the adverb/preposition "down" (utför trappan/kullen), not the unrelated verb utföra ("to perform").
GullöfalletGullöfalletGullöfallet · proper noun, nominativedirect object of utförochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationToppöfalletToppöfalletToppöfallet · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with Gullöfalletochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fallenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fallentrethreetre · numeral, nominativequantifies fallenfallencasesfall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with GullöfalletWe got up such speed that we very nearly slid all the way down to the sea.
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceiup toi · prepositionmodifies komsåsuchså · adverbmodifies godgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fartfartspeedfart · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of komattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of höllviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of höllhöllvery nearlyhålla · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kompånearlypå · prepositiondepends on höllattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of rutscharutschasliderutscha · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on hölländaall the wayända · adverbmodifies nernerdownner · adverbmodifies rutschatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking havethavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of nerI wonder whether there's any man in Västergötland nowadays who amuses himself that way?'
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undrarundrarwondersundra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceomwhetherom · prepositionintroduces the clause of finnsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsnumeranowadaysnumera · adverbmodifies finnsfinnsthere isfinnas · verb, present, indicativeclausal complement of undrarnågonanynågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of karlkarlmankarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finnsiini · prepositionpreposition marking VästergötlandVästergötlandVästergötlandVästergötland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of finnssomwhosom · pronounsubject of brukarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
brukartends tobruka · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on Västergötlandroato amuseroa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of brukarsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of roapåthat waypå · prepositionpreposition marking sättetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sättetsättetwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of roa— 'That's not so easy to know,' said the sailor.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lättärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to lättintenotinte · particlemodifies lättsåsoså · adverbmodifies lättlätteasylätt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasech01-p14 'ett lätt buller' renders as 'a faint noise' in the translation, a distinct sense from weight/air-lightness or ease.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vetainfinitive marker before a verb.
vetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitivedepends on lättsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to lättsjömannenthe sailorsjömann · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeOnly surface is definite 'sjömannen'; every example translates it 'the sailor'.
'But I almost think it a more remarkable feat that we humans have managed to cut a canal alongside the falls, so that we can not only go down Trollhättan, as you did in your youth, but also go up it with barges and steamboats.'
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckertyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies tyckerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bragddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of bragdärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to bragdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bragdmärkvärdigaremore remarkablemärkvärdig · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies bragdbragdfeatbragd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of tyckerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of draviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluraldeterminer of människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of draharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of drakunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of dradracutdra · verb, active, infinitivedepends on bragdframforwardfram · adverbdepends on draenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kanalkanalcanalkanal · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of drautmedalongutmed · prepositionpreposition marking fallenfallencasesfall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of drasåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of utförattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of utförintenotinte · particlemodifies utförbarajustbara · adverbmodifies utförkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of utförfaragofara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of utförsome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
utfördownutföra · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on draFunctions here as the adverb/preposition "down" (utför trappan/kullen), not the unrelated verb utföra ("to perform").
TrollhättanTrollhättanTrollhättan · proper noun, nominativedirect object of utförsomassom · pronoundirect object of gjordeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordesecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
gjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Trollhättaniini · prepositionpreposition marking ungdomeryouni · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of ungdomungdomyouthungdom · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gjordeutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
ocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with draoppförupoppför · adverbdepends on gådialectal spelling of 'uppför' (up, upward/uphill).
denitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of gåmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking skutorskutorsloopsskutor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationångbåtarsteamboatsångbåt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with skutor- 55
'That was strange to hear,' said the giant, and it seemed as though he had grown a little annoyed at the answer.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with märkligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to märkligtmärkligtremarkablemärklig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hörainfinitive marker before a verb.
hörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitivedepends on märkligtdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hörasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to märkligtjättengiantjätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of föreföllföreföllseemedförefölal · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sadelemma is a mis-OCR of föreföll ('seemed').
somas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivitomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivitskullehadskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivithahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineclausal complement of föreföllliteta littlelitet · adverbmodifies förargadförargadannoyedförargad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitöveratöver · prepositionpreposition marking svaretsvaretanswersvar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of blivit 'Can you now also tell me how things stand with that region over by Lake Mjörn, which used to be called the Starvelands?'
Kancankunna · verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of säganunownu · adverbmodifies sägaocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of sägahurhowhur · adverbmodifies stårdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of sägatillgoingtill · prepositiondepends on stårmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking dendenaen · determiner, common gender, singularoblique complement of stårdärtheredär · adverbpart of the phrase dentraktenregiontrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on denbortaover byborta · adverbmodifies stårvidbyvid · prepositionpreposition marking Mjörnsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies MjörnMjörnLake MjörnMjörn · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of bortasomwhichsom · pronounsubject of passive kalladesThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kalladeswas calledkalla · verb, past, indicative, passiverelative clause on Mjörnförasför · prepositionpreposition marking SvältornaSvältornathe StarvelandsSvältorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kallades— 'Yes, that has certainly been a great trouble to us,' said the man of Västergötland.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on varitdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of varitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitalltcertainlyallt · adverbmodifies varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of varittillastill · prepositionpreposition marking bekymmerstortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies bekymmerbekymmerworrybekymmer · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of varitsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to varitvästgötenVästergötland manvästgöt · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sade'Perhaps it was you, father, who had a hand in laying them out so lean and cheerless?'
Kanskeperhapskanske · adverbpart of the phrase ’attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of farärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to farniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of farsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying Kanskesomwhosom · pronounsubject of varitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supinerelative clause on farmedwithmed · prepositiondepends on varitominom · prepositionintroduces the clause of läggaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of läggainfinitive marker before a verb.
läggato lay/putlägga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on varitutoutut · adverbdepends on läggademthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of läggasåsoså · adverbmodifies läggadärtheredär · adverbmodifies läggamagrameagermagr · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies läggaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtröstlösacheerlesströstlösa · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with magra— 'No, not exactly that,' said the giant, 'in my day there grew fine forest on them.
Ånejoh noÅnej · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseInterjection (Ånej = Å nej, 'oh no'), tagged as a proper noun by the parser.
intenotinte · particlemodifies detjustjustjust · adverbmodifies detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularadverbial clause on Ånejsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Ånejjättengiantjätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking darminamyjag · pronoun, pluralpossessor of darThis entry is really the possessive "mina" (plural agreement), mistagged under the lemma jag.
dardaysd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of växteväxtegrewväxa · verb, past, indicative, activeclause modifying sadedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase växtepräktigsplendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies skogskogforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of växtepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of växteBut it happened that when I was to hold a wedding for one of my daughters, we needed a great deal of wood for the baking oven, so I took a long rope, wound it around all the forest on the Starvelands, pulled it down with a single tug, and carried it home.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of såvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to såsåhappenedså · adverbhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of göranärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of görajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of göraskullewas toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of göragöraholdgöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on behövdebröllopweddingbröllop · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of göraåtforåt · prepositionpreposition marking eneniten · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of göraavofav · prepositionpreposition marking döttrarminamyjag · pronoun, pluralpossessor of döttrarThis entry is really the possessive "mina" (plural agreement), mistagged under the lemma jag.
döttrardaughtersdöttr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies enbehövdeneededbehöva · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on slogviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of behövdemyckenmuchmycken · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies behövdevedfirewoodved · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of behövdeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of läggainfinitive marker before a verb.
läggato lay/putlägga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on behövdeiini · prepositionpreposition marking bakugnenbakugnenthe baking ovenbakugn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of läggaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåsodå · adverbmodifies togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with behövdejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of togettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of tåglångtlonglång · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies tågtågropetåg · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of togSecond example ('en sjöman äntrar uppför ett tåg' = 'a sailor climbs up a rope') uses the nautical sense 'rope', not 'train'; the type was pinned to 'train' with contextDependent false, missing this attested sense.
slogwoundslå · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to såLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of slogomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies skogenallallall · determiner, common gender, singularpart of the phrase omkringskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slogpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking SvältornaSvältornathe StarvelandsSvältorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of slogdrogdrewdrog · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to såomkulloveromkull · adverbmodifies drogUsed with verbs of falling/knocking, e.g. 'slog omkull' = 'knocked over'.
denitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of drogmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ryckettaen · determiner, neuter, singularquantifies ryckendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativemodifies ryckrycktugryck · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of drogochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbarcarriedba · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with drogTagged present tense, but every occurrence is the old preterite of bära ("carried"), not the present.
hemhomehem · adverbmodifies bardenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of barI wonder whether there's anyone nowadays who can pull down so much forest at once?'
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undrarundrarwondersundra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceomwhetherom · prepositionintroduces the clause of finnsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsnunownu · adverbmodifies finnsföratför · prepositionpreposition marking tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nufinnsthere isfinnas · verb, present, indicativeadverbial clause on undrarnågonanyonenågon · pronoun, common gender, singularexpletive with finnssomwhosom · pronounsubject of ryckaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of ryckaryckapull/snatchrycka · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on någonomkulloveromkull · adverbdepends on ryckaUsed with verbs of falling/knocking, e.g. 'slog omkull' = 'knocked over'.
såsoså · adverbmodifies myckenmyckenmuchmycken · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ryckaskogforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ryckapåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking gångenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rycka— 'That's more than I dare answer,' said the man of Västergötland.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of merärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to mermermoremycket · adverbhead of the phraseänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of törsjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive törstörsdarestöra · verb, present, indicative, passiveadverbial clause on mersvarato answersvara · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of törspåtopå · prepositiondepends on svarasadesaidsa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with svaravästgötenVästergötland manvästgöt · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sade'But this I know: in my youth the Starvelands lay bare and barren, and that people have now planted forest over the whole area.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lågiini · prepositionpreposition marking ungdomminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of ungdompossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
ungdomyouthungdom · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of vetSvältornathe StarvelandsSvälta · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of lågnaknabarenakn · adjective, nominative, pluraldirect object of lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationofruktbarabarrenofruktbar · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with naknaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of planteratfolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of planteratnunownu · adverbmodifies planteratharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of planteratplanteratplantedplantera · verb, active, supinecoordinated with lågskogforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of planteratöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking områdethelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies områdetområdetterritoryområde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of planteratThat too I count a manly deed.'
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of räknarräknarcountsräkna · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räknarocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies räknarsomassom · prepositionintroduces the clause of gärningFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gärningmanligmanlymanlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gärninggärningdeedgärning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of räknar- 56
'Well, but down in southern Västergötland, surely no one can make a living there?' said the giant.
NåwellNå · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of livnäramenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationneredownnere · adverbmodifies Västergötlandiini · prepositionpreposition marking Västergötlandsödrasouthernsödra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies VästergötlandVästergötlandVästergötlandVästergötland · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Nådärtheredär · adverbmodifies livnärakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of livnäravälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies livnäraingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of människamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of livnäralivnäramake a livinglivnära · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesigoneselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of livnärasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejättengiantjätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade — 'Did you have a hand in arranging that land too?' asked the man of Västergötland.
Harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varitsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
varitbeenvara · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositiondepends on varitominom · prepositionintroduces the clause of ställaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ställainfinitive marker before a verb.
ställato arrangeställa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on varitiin orderi · prepositiondepends on ställaordningorderordning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase idetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of ställaocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies ställafrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevästgötenthe man of Västergötlandvästgöte · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of frågadeSurface 'västgöten' is the definite singular noun, despite the plural morphology tag.
— 'No, not exactly that,' said the giant, 'but I remember that when we giant children herded our flocks down there, we built ourselves so many stone huts and made the ground so rough with all the stones we threw at one another that I should think it would be hard to clear farmland in those parts.'
Ånejoh noÅnej · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseInterjection (Ånej = Å nej, 'oh no'), tagged as a proper noun by the parser.
intenotinte · particlemodifies detjustjustjust · adverbmodifies detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularadverbial clause on Ånejsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Ånejjättengiantjätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of minnsminnsremembersminnas · verb, present, indicativecoordinated with sadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gicknärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gickviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of gickjättebarngiant childrenjättebarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on byggdevallherdedvall · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gickmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hjordarvåraourvi · pronoun, pluralpossessor of hjordarPossessive form våra of the plural pronoun vi.
hjordarherdshjord · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gickdärneredown theredärnere · adverbcomplement of gickbyggdebuiltbygga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Ånejviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of byggdeossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of byggdesåsoså · adverbmodifies mångamångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stenstugorstenstugorstone hutsstenstuga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of byggdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with byggdemarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gjordesåsoså · adverbmodifies oländigoländigrougholändig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of gjordegenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking stenallallall · determiner, common gender, singularpart of the phrase genomdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stenstenstonesten · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gjordesomthatsom · pronoundirect object of kastadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kastadekastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on stenpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking varandravarandraeach othervarandra · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of kastadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tyckerjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckertyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of byggdeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of svårtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with svårtskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of svårtvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to svårtsvårtdifficultsvår · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of byggdeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of röjainfinitive marker before a verb.
röjaclear (land)röja · verb, active, infinitivedepends on svårtoppupopp · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on röjamistagged as a verb; this is the dialectal/colloquial adverb opp, a variant of upp 'up'.
åkerfältfieldåkerfält · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase oppiini · prepositionpreposition marking trakternadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of trakternaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
trakternadistrictstrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of röja— 'Yes, it's true that farming there does not pay much,' said the man of Västergötland, 'but the people there have taken up weaving and woodwork, and I think it shows more skill to be able to earn one's living in so poor a region than to have had a hand in ruining it.'
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on santdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of santärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to santsanttruesand · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraselemma mislabeled 'sand'; the actual word is the neuter form of 'sann' (true).
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lönardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lönarintenotinte · particlemodifies lönarlönaris worth (it)löna · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on santsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of lönarmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies lönarmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking jordbrukjordbrukagriculturejordbruk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of lönardärneredown theredärnere · adverbcoordinated with lönarsadesaidsa · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on därnerevästgötenthe man of Västergötlandvästgöte · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sadeSurface 'västgöten' is the definite singular noun, despite the plural morphology tag.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfolketpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with ’därtheredär · adverbmodifies slagitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of slagitslagittaken upslå · verb, active, supinerelative clause on folketsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of slagitpåuppå · prepositionpreposition marking vävnadvävnadweavingvävnad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slagitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationträarbetewoodworkträarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with vävnadochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with därnereattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of visardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of visarvisarshowsvisa · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of trormermoremycket · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies duktighetduktighetskillduktighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of visaratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of skaffainfinitive marker before a verb.
kunnato be able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of skaffaskaffato getskaffa · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying duktighetsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of skaffasinone'ssig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of bärgningbärgninglivingbärgning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skaffaiini · prepositionpreposition marking traktenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of traktsåsoså · adverbmodifies fattigfattigpoorfattig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies trakttraktregiontrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skaffaänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of varainfinitive marker before a verb.
varabevara · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying traktmedwithmed · prepositiondepends on varaominom · prepositionintroduces the clause of fördärvaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fördärvainfinitive marker before a verb.
fördärvaruinfördärva · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on varadenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of fördärva- 57
'Now there's only one more thing I know to ask about,' said the giant.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetbarajustbara · adverbmodifies vetenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of saksakthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of vettillmoretill · prepositionintroduces the clause of frågaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of frågainfinitive marker before a verb.
frågaquestionfråga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on vetomaboutom · prepositionmodifies frågasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to vetjättengiantjätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade 'How do things stand down on the coast, where the Göta River flows out into the sea?'
Hurhowhur · adverbmodifies ställtharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of ställtniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ställtsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies ställtställtput/placedställa · verb, active, supinedepends on ’neredownnere · adverbdepends on ställtvidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking kustenkustencoastkust · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ställtdärtheredär · adverbmodifies fallerGötaälvGöta RiverGötaälv · proper noun, nominativesubject of fallerfallerfallsfalla · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on kustenutoutut · adverbdepends on falleriintoi · prepositionpreposition marking havethavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of faller— 'Did you have your hand in that game too?' asked the sailor.
Harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of haftniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haftsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
hafthadha · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceeryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hafthandhandhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on haftmedwithmed · prepositiondepends on haftiini · prepositionpreposition marking speletspeletinvolvedspel · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of haftdärtheredär · adverbmodifies haftocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies haftfrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesjömannensailorsjöman · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågade— 'Not exactly that,' said the giant, 'but I remember that we used to go down to the shore, lure a whale to us, and ride on its back through the fjords and channels of the archipelago.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies detjustjustjust · adverbmodifies detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to detjättengiantjätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sadeihågto mind (remember)ihåg · adverbdepends on kommeronly occurs in the fixed phrase komma ihåg 'to remember'.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of brukadeviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of brukadebrukadeused tobruka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with detgågogå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of brukadenerdownner · adverbmodifies gåtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking strandenstrandenshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nerlockalure/temptlocka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gåtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of lockaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of valvalwhaleval · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of lockaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationridato riderida · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with valpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking rygghanshishan · pronounpossessor of ryggryggbackrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ridagenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking fjordarfjordarfjordsfjord · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of ridaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkilarinletskil · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with fjordariini · prepositionpreposition marking skärgårdenskärgårdenarchipelagoskärgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fjordarI wonder if you know of anyone who does the same nowadays?'
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undrarundrarwondersundra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vetduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on undrarnågonanyonenågon · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of vetsomwhosom · pronounsubject of brukarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
brukartends tobruka · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on någonbärato carrybära · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of brukarsigoneselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bäraåtdoesåt · adverbdepends on bäraMostly the adverb åt with the senses listed, but example ch02-p31-s1 ('Hela tiden, som pojken åt...') is not this adverb at all — it is åt as the past tense of äta ('ate'). The gloss's senses list must cover this example or a downstream consumer will render 'ate' as a directional adverb.
påsame waypå · prepositionpreposition marking sättsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of bära— 'That I shall leave unsaid,' answered the sailor, 'but I will count it just as fine a feat that we humans have built a city down at the mouth of the Göta River, from which ships sail out to every sea in the world.'
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of låtaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of låtajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låtalåtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gårvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to osagtosagtunsaidosagd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of låtasvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on gårsjömannenthe sailorsjömann · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svaradeOnly surface is definite 'sjömannen'; every example translates it 'the sailor'.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räknavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of räknaräknato counträkna · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with svaradedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of räknasomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bragdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bragdlikaequallylika · adverbmodifies såsåasså · adverbmodifies duktigduktigcapableduktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bragdbragdfeatbragd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on detattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of byggtviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluraldeterminer of människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of byggtharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of byggtbyggtbuiltbygga · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on svaradeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stadstadtownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of byggtneredownnere · adverbmodifies byggtvidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking GötaGötaGötaGöta · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of byggtPart of place names Göta kanal / Göta älv.
älvsRiver'sälvs · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularpossessor of mynningmynningmouthmynning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on GötaThe mouth of a cave or river.
därifrånfrom theredärifrån · adverbmodifies gårdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceutoutut · adverbdepends on gårskeppshipskepp · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of gårtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking havallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of världensvärldensworld'svärld · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of havhavseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gårTo this the giant made no reply, and the sailor, who was himself from Gothenburg, began describing to him the rich trading city with its wide harbor, its bridges and canals and stately streets, and told him that it possessed so many enterprising merchants and bold seafarers that they would likely make it the foremost city in the North.
Härpåat thisHärpå · proper noun, nominativesubject of gavAdverb 'härpå' (thereupon/to this), mistagged as a proper noun.
gavmadege · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLight-verb idioms in the examples: "gav ... till ett klagoskrik" = let out a cry; "gav sig tid" = took the time — not literal "gave" in either case.
jättengiantjätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gavintetnothingintet · adverbmodifies gavarchaic/literary form of inget/ingenting.
genmälereplygenmäle · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gavochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsjömannenthe sailorsjömann · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadeOnly surface is definite 'sjömannen'; every example translates it 'the sailor'.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of varThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
självhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying somvarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularrelative clause on sjömannenthe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
hemmaat homehemma · adverbmodifies varifromi · prepositionpreposition marking GöteborgGöteborgGothenburgGöteborg · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of varbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gavbeskrivato describebeskriva · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadeförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of beskrivadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of handelsstadenrikarichrik · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies handelsstadenhandelsstadentrading cityhandelsstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of beskrivamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hamndessitsden · pronounpossessor of hamnch03-p50 example 'sedan dess' means 'since then', not possessive 'its' — pinning the gloss to 'its' teaches a lie for that collocation.
vidawidevid · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies hamnhamnharborhamn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies handelsstadenmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking broardessitsden · pronounpossessor of broarch03-p50 example 'sedan dess' means 'since then', not possessive 'its' — pinning the gloss to 'its' teaches a lie for that collocation.
broarbridgesbroar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies handelsstadenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkanalercanalskanal · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with broarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationståtligastatelyståtlig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gatorgatorstreetsgata · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with broarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationberättadetoldberättad · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with broarattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ägdedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of ägdeägdeownedäg · verb, past, indicative, activeclause modifying handelsstadensåsoså · adverbmodifies mångamångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies köpmändriftigaenterprisingdriftig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies köpmänköpmänmerchantsköpman · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of ägdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdjärvabolddjärva · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with köpmäninflected plural of the adjective djärv (bold), mistagged as a noun.
sjöfarandeseafarerssjöfarande · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with köpmänattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of göradetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of göratordelikelytorde · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of görakommato comekomma · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of göraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göramakegöra · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying handelsstadendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of göratillintotill · prepositionpreposition marking staddenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stadypperstafinestypperset · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies stadstadtownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of göraiini · prepositionpreposition marking NordenNordenthe NorthNorden · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of göra- 58
The giant's brow had drawn into ever deeper furrows at each answer he received, and it was plain enough that he was thoroughly displeased that humans had made themselves masters over nature.
Jättenthe giantJätten · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dragithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of dragitdragitdrawndraga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceArchaic supine of dra; sense shifts widely with the particle it governs (dragit i led, dragit ihop, dragit bort, dragit upp).
ihoptogetherihop · adverbdepends on dragitpannanforeheadpanna · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of dragitiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking veckallteverallt · adverbmodifies djuparedjuparedeeperdjup · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies veckveckfurrowsveck · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of dragitförwithför · prepositionpreposition marking svarvarteveryvar · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of svarsvaranswersvar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies veckhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttfåttreceivedfå · verb, active, supinerelative clause on svarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of passive märktesmärkteswas evidentmärktes · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with dragitnogenoughnog · adverbmodifies märktesattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of missnöjdhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of missnöjdvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to missnöjdbrathoroughlybra · adverbmodifies missnöjdmissnöjddispleasedmissnöjd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on märktesmedwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of gjortattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gjortmänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of gjorthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjortgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on missnöjdsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of gjorttillintotill · prepositionpreposition marking herrarherrarmastersherre · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gjortöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking naturennaturennaturenatur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies herrar 'I hear that a great deal has changed in Västergötland,' he said, 'and I should very much like to go back there and set a thing or two right.'
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörhörhearshöra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivitdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blivitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineclausal complement of hörmycketa great dealmycket · adverbmodifies nyttnyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of blivitiini · prepositionpreposition marking VästergötlandVästergötlandVästergötlandVästergötland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of blivitsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on blivithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vändagärnavery muchgärna · adverbmodifies vändaType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
viljato wantvilja · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of vändavändato turnvända · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sadetillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies ditdittheredit · adverbmodifies vändaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationställato setställa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with vändaettaen · numeral, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on ställaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with etttilltotill · prepositionpart of the phrase etträttarighträtta · adjective, nominative, singularpart of the phrase tillWhen the sailor heard these words, he grew a little uneasy.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hördesjömannensailorsjöman · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blevdessathesedenna · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ordordwordsord · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of hördeblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of smulasmulabitsmula · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies blevängsliganxiousängslig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevHe did not believe the giant would come to Västergötland with any good intention, but of course he dared not let this show.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of troddetroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies troddeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommajättengiantjätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of troddetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking VästergötlandVästergötlandVästergötlandVästergötland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of kommaiwithi · prepositionpreposition marking avsiktnågonanynågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of avsiktgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies avsiktavsiktintentionavsikt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of passive tordestordesdaredtorde · verb, present, indicative, passivecoordinated with troddehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tordesförståsof courseförstås · adverbmodifies tordesintenotinte · particlemodifies låtsalåtsalet showlåtsa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tordesomshowom · prepositiondepends on låtsa'You may be sure, father, that you will get an honorable reception,' he said.
Niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visssecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
kancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of vissvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to vissvisscertain/sureviss · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasepåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking farfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vissattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
skawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfågetfå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on vissettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of mottagandehederligthonesthederlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies mottagandemottagandereceptionmottagande · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fåsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on mottagandehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade'We shall have all the church bells rung for you.'
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of låtaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of låtalåtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceringato ringringa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låtaförforför · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of låtaioni · prepositionpreposition marking kyrkklockorallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of kyrkklockorkyrkklockorchurch bellskyrkklocka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of låta— 'So, there are still church bells in Västergötland,' said the giant, sounding doubtful.
JasåsoJaså · proper noun, nominativehead of the phrasedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsfinnsthere arefinnas · verb, present, indicativeparallel clause to Jasåkyrkklockorchurch bellskyrkklocka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of finnskvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on finnsiini · prepositionpreposition marking VästergötlandVästergötlandVästergötlandVästergötland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of finnssadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on finnsjättengiantjätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlätsoundedlät · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadetvehågsendoubtfultvehågsen · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lät'Aren't they cracked to pieces yet, the great bells at Husaby and Skara and Värnhem?'
Ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to ’detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sönderringdaintenotinte · particlemodifies sönderringdasönderringdarung to piecessönderringd · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on Ärdetheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of skällornaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
storabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies skällornaskällornathe bellsskällorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with sönderringdaiati · prepositionpreposition marking HusabyHusabyHusabyHusaby · proper noun, nominativemodifies skällornaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationSkaraSkaraSkara · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Husabyochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationVärnhemVärnhemVärnhem · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sönderringda— 'No, they're all still there, and they've gotten many sisters since your time.
Nejnonej · interjectionsubject of fåttdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of finnsfinnsarefinnas · verb, present, indicativeparallel clause to Nejalltallall · adverbmodifies finnskvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on finnsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fåttharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttfåttgottenfå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencemångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies systrarsystrarsisterssystr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of fåttsedansincesedan · prepositionpreposition marking tidAlso glossed as preposition (since/for/ago), but example ch03-p30-s3 ('Han följde sedan barnen...') uses sedan adverbially to mean 'then/afterward', a sense the original senses list omitted.
eryouni · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fåttNow there's not a place in Västergötland where you don't hear church bells.'
Nunownu · adverbmodifies finnsfinnsthere isfinnas · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsintenotinte · particlemodifies finnsnågotanågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ställeställeplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of finnsiini · prepositionpreposition marking VästergötlandVästergötlandVästergötlandVästergötland · proper noun, nominativemodifies ställedärtheredär · adverbmodifies hörmanyouman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörintenotinte · particlemodifies hörhörhearshöra · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on ställekyrkklockorchurch bellskyrkklocka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hör— 'Then I suppose I'd better stay right where I am,' said the giant, 'for it was on account of those very bells that I moved away from home.'
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies blifårhad betterfå · verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of blijagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fårvälsupposeväl · adverbmodifies fåralltallall · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencekvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on blidärtheredär · adverbmodifies ärjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activedepends on blisadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to blijättengiantjätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeförforför · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of varvarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularparallel clause to blithe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
förforför · prepositionpreposition marking dedetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluraloblique complement of varsurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
därtheredär · adverbmodifies skullklockornasthe bells'klockore · noun, genitive, common gender, pluralpossessor of skullskullsakeskull · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies varonly occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'.
somthatsom · pronoundirect object of flyttadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flyttadeflyttademovedflytta · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on blihemifrånfrom homehemifrån · adverbmodifies flyttade- 59
He now sank into thought, but soon turned again to the sailors.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försjönkförsjönksankförsjönk · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies försjönkiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking tankartankarthoughtstank · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of försjönkmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies vändevändeturnedväna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with försjönkPast tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vändepåagainpå · prepositionpreposition marking sjömännennyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase påtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking sjömännensjömännenthe sailorssjömänn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vände 'You may now lie down calmly and sleep by the fire,' he said.
Niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lugntsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
kancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lugntnunownu · adverbmodifies lugntlugntcalmlugnt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseläggato lay/putlägga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of lugnteryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of läggaObject form er of the plural/formal pronoun ni.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sovainfinitive marker before a verb.
sovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on läggavidbyvid · prepositionpreposition marking eldeneldenfireelde · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sovasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to lugnthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade'Early tomorrow morning I shall arrange for a ship to come sailing past here, which will pick you up and carry you home.
Itomorrowi · prepositionpart of the phrase ’morgonmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase Ibittidaearlybittida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase IAn archaic adverb meaning early, especially early in the morning.
skawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of ställajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ställaställato arrangeställa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of ställasåsoså · adverbmodifies ställaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommerettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of skeppskeppshipskepp · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ställafarandeflying/travelingfarande · adjective, nominativedirect object of kommerhärherehär · adverbmodifies kommerförbipastförbi · adverbmodifies kommersomwhichsom · pronounsubject of tarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
tartakesta · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kommeroppupoppa · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on tarDialectal form of upp ("up"), a particle, not a finite verb; the parser mistagged it.
eryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of tarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförforför · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularcoordinated with tarObject form er of the plural/formal pronoun ni.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking hemlandethemlandetthe homelandhemland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of tarBut for the hospitality I have shown you, I ask of you only this service: that as soon as you have come home, you go to the best man there is in Västergötland and give him this ring.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförforför · prepositionpreposition marking gästvänskapdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gästvänskapgästvänskaphospitalitygästvänskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on begärsomthatsom · pronoundirect object of visatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of visatvisatshownvisa · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on begäreryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of visatbegärask forbegära · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of begärbarajustbara · adverbmodifies begärdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tjänstentjänstenservicetjänst · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of begäravofav · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluralmodifies tjänstenattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gårniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gårsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
gårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activeclause modifying tjänstentilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking mandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of manbästabestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies manmanmanman · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gårsomwhosom · pronounsubject of finnsThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
finnsthere isfinnas · verb, present, indicativerelative clause on maniini · prepositionpreposition marking VästergötlandVästergötlandVästergötlandVästergötland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of finnssåasså · adverbmodifies snartsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies finnssomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommitniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommitsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on finnshemhomehem · adverbdepends on kommitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgergivesge · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with finnshonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of gerdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ringenhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase denringenringring · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gerGive him my greetings, and tell him that if he will wear it on his finger, he shall become far greater a man than he now is!'
Hälsagive my greetingshälsa · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on bliBoth given examples are the verb hälsa, not the noun: 'hälsa på i varenda gård' = 'to visit every farm', 'låter nu hälsa dig' = 'sends word/greeting to you'. The tagged noun sense ('health') is not attested in these examples; flagging as context-dependent since the surface is shared between noun and verb.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardepends on Hälsafrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Hälsaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsägsayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with Hälsahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sägattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bäraomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bärahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bäravillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bärabärato carrybära · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of sägdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of bärapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking fingersitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of fingerpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
fingerfingerfinger · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of bärasåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on bliskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of blihanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemycketfarmycket · adverbmodifies förmerförmersuperiorförm · verb, present, indicative, activecomplement of bliComparative of förnämlig ("more excellent"); tagged as a verb here but functions as an adjective.
änthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ärhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärnunownu · adverbmodifies ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on bli- 60
As soon as the sailors had come home, they went to the best man in Västergötland and delivered the ring to him.
Såasså · adverbmodifies hemkomnasnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies Såsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hemkomnasjömännenthe sailorssjömänn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of hemkomnavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to hemkomnahemkomnacome homehemkomna · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gicktilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking mannendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of mannenbästabestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies mannenmannenmanman · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickiini · prepositionpreposition marking VästergötlandVästergötlandVästergötlandVästergötland · proper noun, nominativemodifies mannenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlämnadeleftlämna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lämnaderingenringring · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lämnade But he was too wise to put it on his finger right away.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of klokvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to klokförtooför · prepositionmodifies klokklokwiseklok · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sättainfinitive marker before a verb.
genastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies sättasättato set/putsätta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on klokdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of sättapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking fingersitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of fingerpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
fingerfingerfing · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sättaInstead he hung it on a little oak that stood in his yard.
Iinsteadi · prepositionmodifies hängdeställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase Ihängdehunghängde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hängdedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of hängdepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking ekenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of eklitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ekekoakek · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hängdesomthatsom · pronounsubject of stodThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
stodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on ekpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking gårdhanshishan · pronounpossessor of gårdgårdyardgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodAt once the oak began to grow so fast that everyone could notice it.
Medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking detsammadetsammathe samedensamma · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceekenoakek · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadeväxato growväxa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadesåsoså · adverbmodifies växafortfastfort · adverbpart of the phrase såattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of märkaallaallall · pronoun, pluralsubject of märkakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of märkamärkato noticemärka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on växadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of märkaIt put out shoots and sent out twigs.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of skötskötput outsköta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencethis type mixes two different verbs that share the past-tense surface sköt; skötte is unambiguously 'tended'.
skottshotsskott · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of skötochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsändesentsän · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with skötLemma is a truncated form of sända; surface sände is the past tense, 'sent'.
utoutut · adverbdepends on sändekvistartwigskvist · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sändeThe trunk thickened, the bark hardened.
Stammenthe trunkStammen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpossessor of tjocknadetjocknadethickenedtjocknad · adjective, nominative, singularhead of the phrasebarkenbarkbark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hårdnadehårdnadehardenedhårdna · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to tjocknadeThe tree grew new leaves and shed them, bore flowers and fruit, and in a little while became so great that no one had ever seen a mightier oak.
Trädetthe treeTrädet · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of fickfickgrewfå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenyanewny · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bladbladleavesblad · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of fickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfälldeshedfälla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fickdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of fälldefickborefå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fickblommorflowersblomma · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of fickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfrukterfruitfrukt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with blommorochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fickomifom · subordinating conjunctiondepends on blevenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevsåsoså · adverbmodifies stortstortgreatstor · adverbadverbial clause on blevAdverbial use of stor ('big'); e.g. 'inte stort' = 'not much'.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of settingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supinedepends on fickenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ekväldigaremightierväldig · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies ekekoakek · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of settBut scarcely had it reached its full growth before it began, with the same speed, to wither; the branches fell, the trunk grew hollow, and the tree rotted away, so that soon nothing more remained of it than a stump.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationknappthardlyknappt · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to fullväxtdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fullväxtfullväxtfully grownfullväxt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies börjadeused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of börjademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hastsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of hasthasthastehast · nounmodifies denbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on fullväxtvissnawithervissna · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of börjadegrenarnathe branchesgrenare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of föllföllfellföll · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to fullväxtstammenthe trunkstamm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to fullväxtihålighollowihålig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationträdetthe treeträde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of multnadelemma should be 'träd'; surface 'trädet' means 'the tree'.
multnaderotted awaymultna · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with blevnerdownner · adverbmodifies multnadesåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of fannsattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fannssnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies fannsingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase snartmermoremycket · adverbmodifies fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativeadverbial clause on blevexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
kvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on fannsavofav · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularagent of fannsänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase detenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rotstubberotstubberoot stumprotstubbe · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fanns- 61
Then the man who was the best man in Västergötland took the ring and flung it far away.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of togsomwhosom · pronounsubject of mannenThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to mannendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of mannenbästabestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies mannenmannenmanman · noun, nominative, common gender, singularparallel clause to togiini · prepositionpreposition marking VästergötlandVästergötlandVästergötlandVästergötland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of mannenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with mannenringenringring · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kastadelångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies bortbortawaybort · adverbmodifies kastade 'This giant's gift is such that it would give a man great powers and make him, in a short time, more excellent than all others,' he said.
Dennathisdenna · pronoun, common gender, singulardeterminer of jättegåvanjättegåvanthe giant's giftjättegåvan · adverbmodifies sådanärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to sådansådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of geskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gegeto givege · verb, active, infinitivedepends on sådanenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of manmanmanman · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gestorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies krafterkrafterstrengthkraft · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of geochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgöramakegöra · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of görapåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking tidkortshortkort · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utmärktareutmärktaremore excellentutmärkt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcomplement of göraänthanän · prepositionpreposition marking andraallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andraandraothersannan · pronoun, pluraloblique complement of görasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to sådanhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade'But it would cause him to overexert himself, so that before long his ability and his happiness would be at an end.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of kommaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of kommaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förtainfinitive marker before a verb.
förtaoverexert himselfförta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kommasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of förtasåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of slutattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sådetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of slutinomwithininom · prepositionpreposition marking kortkortshortkort · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slutvorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to slutslutoverslut · adjective, nominativeadverbial clause on förtamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking duglighethanshishan · pronounpossessor of duglighetduglighetabilityduglighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slutochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlyckahappinesslycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with duglighetI do not wish to make use of it, and I hope no one will find it, for it was not sent here with any good intent.'
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of nyttjavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of nyttjaintenotinte · particlemodifies nyttjanyttjato usenyttja · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of nyttjaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hoppashoppashopehoppas · verb, infinitivecoordinated with nyttjaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hittaingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of hittamåmaymå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hittahittafindhitta · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of nyttjadenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of hittaförforför · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of hitsändärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to hitsändintenotinte · particlemodifies hitsändhitsändsent herehitsänd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hittaiwithi · prepositionpreposition marking avsiktnågonanynågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of avsiktgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies avsiktavsiktintentionavsikt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hitsänd- 62
But it may well be possible that the ring has since been found.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with möjligttörmay welltör · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of möjligtnogwellnog · adverbmodifies möjligtvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to möjligtmöjligtpossiblemöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasehalf the examples (ch01-p27, ch04-p30) use the fixed idiom 'allt möjligt' = 'all sorts of/everything', not the literal 'possible' sense used in the other two.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivitringenringring · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinedepends on möjligthittadfoundhittad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivit Whenever a good man exerts himself beyond his strength to do good, one may well wonder whether he has found the ring, and whether it is the ring that drives him to work so hard that he wears himself out before his time and must leave his work unfinished.»
Alltidalwaysalltid · adverbdirect object of undradåwheneverdå · subordinating conjunctionmodifies ansträngerenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of mangodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies manmanmanman · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ansträngeransträngerexertsanstränga · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on Alltidsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ansträngeröverbeyondöver · prepositionpreposition marking förmåganförmåganabilityförmåga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ansträngerförin order toför · prepositionintroduces the clause of göraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göradogöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on ansträngernyttausenytta · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of görakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of undramanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undraviljato wantvilja · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of undraundrato wonderundra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of funnithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of funnitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of funnitfunnitfoundfinna · verb, active, supineclausal complement of undraringenringring · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of funnitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dendetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of denärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularcoordinated with funnitsomthatsom · pronounsubject of tvingarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
tvingardrivestvinga · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on denhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of tvingaratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of arbetainfinitive marker before a verb.
arbetaworkarbeta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tvingarsåsoså · adverbmodifies arbetaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sliterhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slitersliterwearsslita · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with denutoutut · adverbdepends on slitersighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sliteribeforei · prepositionmodifies sliterförtidbefore his timeförtid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lämnalämnaleavelämna · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with densitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of verkpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
verkworkverk · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of lämnathe idiom i (själva) verket means 'in fact/actually', not literal 'work'.
ofullbordatunfinishedofullbordad · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of lämna- 63
THE SONG.
SÅNGENTHE SONGSÅNGEN · proper noun, nominativehead of the phrase - 64
The schoolmistress had walked with brisk steps while she told the story, and when she had finished, she noticed that she was almost there.
Lärarinnanteacherlärarinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttwalkedgå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking stegraskabriskrask · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stegch19-p48-s4 'ett par raska snitt' = 'a couple of quick strokes' — 'sturdy' is wrong there; the word covers both 'brisk/quick' and 'sturdy/vigorous' senses depending on referent.
stegstepssteg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of gåttmedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of berättadehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of berättadeberättadetoldberätta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gåttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slutathonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slutathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slutatslutatfinishedsluta · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on märktemärktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gåtthonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of frammehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frammenästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to frammeframmethereframme · adjective, nominativeclausal complement of märkte She already saw the great outbuildings, shaded by beautiful trees, just like everything else here on the estate.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
redanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies sågdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of uthusbyggnadernaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
storabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies uthusbyggnadernauthusbyggnadernathe outbuildingsuthusbyggnad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sågsomthatsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skuggadelågolaylågo · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralpart of the phrase sommistagged as a noun; this is the archaic plural past tense of ligga 'to lie' (they lay).
skuggadeshadedskugga · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on uthusbyggnadernaavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking trädvackrabeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies trädträdtreesträd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies skuggadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralparallel clause to sågliksomjust likeliksom · prepositionpreposition marking gårdenalltallall · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies gårdenannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase allthärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase alltpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking gårdengårdenestategård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of deAnd before she had walked past them, the castle already came into view, high up on its terrace.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåtthonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttwalked pastgå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on skymtadeförbipastförbi · adverbdepends on gåttdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of gåttskymtadecame into viewskymta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies slottetslottetcastleslott · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of skymtadeframforwardfram · adverbmodifies högthögthighhög · adverbmodifies skymtadethis type bundles the positive, comparative, and superlative degree forms (högt, högre, högst) under one entry.
uppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies skymtadepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking terrasssinitssig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of terrassterrassterraceterrass · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uppe- 65
Up until now she had been glad of her undertaking and had felt no hesitation, but now, when she saw the estate, her courage began to fail her.
Ändaup untilända · adverbmodifies hittillshittillsso farhittills · adverbmodifies gladhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gladhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gladvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to gladgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseåtofåt · prepositionpreposition marking företagsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of företagpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
företagundertakingföretag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gladochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies käntkäntfeltkänd · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with gladTwo of the four examples use känt as the supine of känna ("felt"), a homograph of the adjective känd ("known") tagged under the same type.
någonnonågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tvekantvekanhesitationtvekan · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of käntmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies sågnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of såghonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gladpast tense of se, 'to see.'
gårdenestategård · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sågbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gladmodetcouragemod · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of svikasvikafailsvika · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of svika What if it was pure madness, what she wanted to do!
TänkthinkTänk · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of galetdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with galetvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to galetrentpurelyren · adverbmodifies galetgaletmadnessgale · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of Tänkdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularparallel clause to Tänksomthatsom · pronoundirect object of göraThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of göravillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of göragöradogöra · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on detNo one, surely, was asking for her gratitude.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ingenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ingenvälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies ingeningenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomwhosom · pronounsubject of frågadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
frågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on ingenefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking tacksamhethennesherhon · pronounpossessor of tacksamhetpossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
tacksamhetgratitudetacksamhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of frågadePerhaps they would only laugh at her for coming rushing along like that, so late in the evening, with her schoolchildren?
Kanskeperhapskanske · adverbintroduces the clause of skrattaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase Kanskedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of skrattabarajustbara · adverbmodifies skrattaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skrattaskrattalaughskratta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceåtatåt · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skrattadärförfordärför · adverbintroduces the clause of komattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därförhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on skrattarusanderushingrusa · adjective, nominativedirect object of komsålikeså · adverbmodifies komdärtheredär · adverbmodifies komiini · prepositionpreposition marking kvällensenalatese · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies kvällenArchaic/poetic form of 'sen' (late), as in 'sena kvällen' (the late evening).
kvälleneveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of därmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking skolbarnsinahersig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of skolbarnskolbarnschoolchildrenskolbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies kvällenNeither she nor they could sing so beautifully that anyone would think it worth anything.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies förmåddeförmåddecould manageförmåd · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceFrom förmå, 'to be able to'; here in 'allt vad han förmådde' = 'as fast as he could manage'.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of förmåddeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sjungasjungato singsjunga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with förmåddesåsoså · adverbmodifies vackertvackertbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of sjungaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sättanågonanyonenågon · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of sättakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sättasättato set/putsätta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on förmåddevärdevaluevärde · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sättapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of sätta- 66
She began to walk more slowly, and when she reached the stairway leading up to the castle terrace, she turned off the road and went up it.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegågogå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadelångsammaremore slowlylångsamm · adverbmodifies gåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with börjadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking trappantrappanthe staircasetrappan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komsomthatsom · pronounsubject of leddeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
leddeledleda · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on komuppupupp · adverbdepends on leddetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking slottsterrassenslottsterrassenthe castle terraceslottsterrass · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of leddevekturned offveka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on börjadehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vekavoffav · prepositionpreposition marking vägenfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking vägenvägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vekochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vekuppförupuppför · prepositiondepends on gickdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of gick She knew very well that the great castle building had stood empty ever since the old squire's death.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemycketverymycket · adverbmodifies välvälwellväl · adverbmodifies vissteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stoddenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of slottsbyggnadenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies slottsbyggnadenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
slottsbyggnadenthe castle buildingslottsbyggnad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of visstetomemptytom · adverbmodifies stodPredicative adjective 'empty', despite the adverb tag.
alltallall · adverbdirect object of stodsedanthensedan · adverbpart of the phrase alltgamleold mangamle · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on stodherrnssquire'sherr · determiner, common gender, singularpossessor of döddöddeathdöd · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gamleExamples mix the noun (döden) with adjectival uses (död gås); flag if the occurrence is adjectival.
She went there only to give herself time to think over whether she ought to go on, or whether she should turn back.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedittheredit · adverbmodifies gickbarajustbara · adverbmodifies gickförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of fåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fågetfå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gicktidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåpåforpå · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of fåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tänkainfinitive marker before a verb.
tänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fåöveroveröver · prepositiondepends on tänkaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåbordeought toböra · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåBare borde is simple past modal ("ought to"/"should"); the perfect sense ("ought to have") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth ("borde släppa taget") has no ha and translates as plain "ought to."
gågogå · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of tänkavidarefurthervidare · adverbmodifies gåelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vändahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vändavändato turnvända · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gå- 67
When she came up onto the terrace and saw the castle lying dazzling white in the moonlight, when she saw the hedges and the flowerbeds and the balustrade with its urns and the stately stairway, she grew even more discouraged.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blevuppupupp · adverbdepends on kompåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking terrassenterrassenthe terraceterrasse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kompast tense of se, 'to see.'
slottetcastleslott · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sågsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
låglowlåg · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on slottetbländandedazzlingbländande · adjective, nominativesubject of lågvittwhitevit · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies lågiini · prepositionpreposition marking månskenetmånskenetmoonlightmånsken · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of lågnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of såghonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kompast tense of se, 'to see.'
häckarnathe hedgeshäckarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblomgruppernathe flowerbedsblomgrupperna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with häckarnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbalustradenthe balustradebalustrad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with blomgruppernamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking urnorsinaitssig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of urnorurnorurnsurna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of trappuppgångenståtligastatelyståtlig · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies trappuppgångentrappuppgångenthe stairwaytrappuppgång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with urnorblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of merameramoremycket · adverbmodifies modfälldmodfällddiscouragedmodfälld · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blev She thought that everything looked so grand and stately that she truly understood she had no business there.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågalltsammansall of italltsammans · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of tycktesåsoså · adverbmodifies förnämtförnämtgrandförnämd · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationståtligtstatelyståtlig · adverbcoordinated with förnämtutlookut · adverbdepends on sågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förstodhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstodriktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies förstodförstodunderstoodförstå · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadeintenotinte · particlemodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of förstodnågotbusinessnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hadedärtheredär · adverbintroduces the clause of göraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göradogöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hade«Do not come near me!» she felt the fine, white castle was saying to her.
KomcomeKom · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularsubject of Komintenotinte · particlemodifies Komnäranearnära · adverbmodifies KomType lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära.
tycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sadedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of finafinafinefin · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of sadevitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies slottetslottetcastleslott · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with finasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of tycktetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sade«Surely you cannot believe that you and your schoolchildren could give any joy to one who is used to living in a place such as this.»
Intenotinte · particlemodifies trokancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of troduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trovälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies trotrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of göraduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of göraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdinayourdu · pronoun, pluralpossessor of skolbarnThis entry is really the possessive "dina" (plural agreement), mistagged under the lemma du.
skolbarnschoolchildrenskolbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with dukancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of göragöragivegöra · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of tronågonanynågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of glädjeglädjejoyglädje · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of göraåttoåt · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of görasomwhosom · pronounsubject of vanThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to vanvanused tovan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on denatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of boinfinitive marker before a verb.
boto livebo · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on van"To dwell/live"; not to be confused with bo, "nest".
påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking ställeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ställesådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ställehärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase sådantställeplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of bo- 68
To drive away the doubt that was beginning to steal over her, the schoolmistress then told the schoolchildren this very same story about the old squire and the young squire that she herself had heard when she had gone through the handicraft course.
Förtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of drivaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of drivainfinitive marker before a verb.
drivato drivedriva · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on berättadebortawaybort · adverbdepends on drivatveksamhetenthe doubttveksamhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of drivasomthatsom · pronounsubject of börjadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
börjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on tveksamhetensmygato sneaksmyga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of smygaöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of smygaberättadetoldberätta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedåthendå · adverbmodifies berättadelärarinnanteacherlärarinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sammaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking skolbarnenskolbarnenschoolchildrenskolbarn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lärarinnanjustjustjust · adverbmodifies dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies lärarinnansammathe samesamma · determinerclausal complement of berättadeomifom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking gamledenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gamlegamleold mangamle · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sammaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ungeungeyoung oneung · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularcoordinated with gamleherrnsquireherrn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with gamlesomthatsom · pronoundirect object of höraThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörasjälvherselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying honhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörafåttheardfå · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of höra"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
hörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitivein apposition to herrnnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåtthonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttgone throughgå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sammaigenomthroughigenom · prepositiondepends on gåttslöjdkursenthe handicraft courseslöjdkurs · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gått And this made her braver.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordemodigarebravermodigare · adverbcomplement of gjordeIt was, after all, a truth that the castle and the whole estate had been given to the handicraft seminary.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with sanningvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to sanningjuafter allju · adverbmodifies varändåafter alländå · adverbmodifies sanningenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sanningsanningtruthsanning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slottetslottetcastleslott · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on sanningochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies ställetställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of skänktvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to skänktskänktgivenskänkt · verb, active, supinecoordinated with slottettilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking slöjdseminarietslöjdseminariethandicraft seminaryslöjdseminarium · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of skänktIt had been given so that teachers, men and women, might spend a happy time at the beautiful estate and then carry knowledge and joy from it back to their schoolchildren.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of skänktvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to skänktskänktgivenskänk · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceförso thatför · prepositionintroduces the clause of levaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of levalärareteacherslärare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of levaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlärarinnorfemale teacherslärarinna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with lärareskullemightskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of levafåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of levalevato liveleva · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skänktenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidlycklighappylycklig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of levapåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking gårdendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gårdenvackrabeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gårdengårdenestategård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of levaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsedanthensedan · adverbmodifies föraföracarryföra · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with levakunskaperknowledgekunskap · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of föraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationglädjejoyglädje · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with kunskapermedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigthemsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of föradärifrånfrom theredärifrån · adverbmodifies skolbarntilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking skolbarnsinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of skolbarnskolbarnschoolchildrenskolbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of föraBut here, where such a gift had been given to a school, here they had surely shown that they valued school folk.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhärherehär · adverbmodifies blivitdärtheredär · adverbmodifies blivitenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåvasådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gåvasån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
gåvagiftgåva · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencegivengivengiven · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivittilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking skolaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skolaskolaschoolskola · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of givenhärherehär · adverbmodifies visathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of visatdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of visatvälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies visatvisatshownvisa · verb, active, supineparallel clause to blivitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sattedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sattesattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of visatpast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
värdevaluevärde · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sattepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking skolfolkskolfolkschool folkskolfolk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of satteThey had made plain that they held the upbringing of Sweden's children more important than anything else.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of lagthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lagtlagtlaidlägga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceiplaini · prepositionpreposition marking dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lagtattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of höllodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of höllohölloheldhöllo · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on lagtdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of barnensSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
svenskaSwedishsvensk · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies barnensbarnenschildren'sbarn · noun, genitive, neuter, pluralpossessor of uppfostranuppfostranupbringinguppfostran · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hölloförasför · prepositionpreposition marking viktigareviktigaremore importantviktig · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies hölloänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of annatalltallall · adverbmodifies annatannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on hölloJust here, of all places, she ought never to feel timid.
Justjustjust · adverbmodifies kännahärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase Justbordeought toböra · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kännaBare borde is simple past modal ("ought to"/"should"); the perfect sense ("ought to have") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth ("borde släppa taget") has no ha and translates as plain "ought to."
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kännaaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies kännakunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of kännakännato feelkänna · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kännaförsagdtimidförsagd · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of känna- 69
These thoughts gave her a little confidence, so that she felt she wanted to go on with her undertaking.
Dessathesedenna · determiner, pluraldeterminer of tankartankarthoughtstanka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasegåvogavegåvo · adverbsubject of tankarGåvo is the historical plural past form of ge.
henneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of tankarenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of förtröstansmulabitsmula · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies förtröstanförtröstanconfidenceförtrösta · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tankarsåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tankarattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fortsättahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fortsättavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fortsättafortsättato continuefortsätta · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of tyckteföretagetundertakingföretag · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fortsätta And to strengthen her courage she turned down toward the park, which clothed the slope between the castle height and the lake.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of stärkaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of stärkainfinitive marker before a verb.
stärkastrengthenstärka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on togsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of modpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
modcouragemod · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of stärkatogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of togavtowardav · prepositionpreposition marking parkenneråtdownwardneråt · adverbmodifies parkenparkenparkpark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of togsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of kläddeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kläddecoveredkläddema · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on parkensluttningenthe slopesluttning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kläddeOnly surface is definite 'sluttningen'; examples translate it 'the slope'.
mellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking slottshöjdenslottshöjdenthe castle heightslottshöjd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sluttningenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with slottshöjdenAs she walked beneath the splendid trees, standing so dark and mysterious in the moonlight, many happy memories awoke in her.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gickhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceunderbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking trädendetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of trädenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
härligasplendidhärlig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies trädenträdentreesträd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of gicksomwhichsom · pronounsubject of stodoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
stodostoodstodo · verb, past, indicativecoordinated with gickHistorical plural past form of stå.
såsoså · adverbmodifies mörkamörkadarkmörk · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with stodoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhemlighetsfullamysterioushemlighetsfull · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with mörkaiini · prepositionpreposition marking månskenetmånskenetmoonlightmånsken · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of mörkavaknadewoke upvakna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodomångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies minnengladagladglad · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies minnenminnenmemoriesminne · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of vaknadehoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vaknadeShe told the children how things had gone here in her time, and how happy she had been while she went through the course and, every day, had been able to stroll for pleasure in this lovely park.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of berättadeberättadetoldberätta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking barnenbarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of berättadehurhowhur · adverbmodifies gåttdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttgonegå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on berättadetillabouttill · prepositionpreposition marking tidhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase tillpåinpå · prepositionpart of the phrase tillhennesherhon · pronounpossessor of tidpossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
tidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhurhowhur · adverbmodifies lyckliglycklighappylycklig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies honhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supinecoordinated with gåttmedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåtthonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttgone throughgå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on gåttigenomthroughigenom · prepositiondepends on gåttkursencoursekurs · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gåttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of dagardagardaysdag · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttfåttbeen able tofå · verb, active, supinecoordinated with gåttlustvandrastroll for pleasurelustvandra · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåttiini · prepositionpreposition marking parkendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of parkenhärherehär · adverbmodifies skönaskönabeautifulskön · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies parkenparkenparkpark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fåttShe spoke of festivities and games and work, but above all she told of the great goodwill that had opened the proud manor to her and to so many others.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of taladetaladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceomofom · prepositionpreposition marking festerfesterfestivitiesfest · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of taladeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlekargameslek · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with festerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationarbeteworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with lekarmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförstfirstförst · adverbmodifies berättadeochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase förstfrämstfirst of allfrämst · adverbpart of the phrase förstberättadetoldberätta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with taladehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of berättadeomofom · prepositionpreposition marking välviljandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of välviljanstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies välviljanweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
välviljangoodwillvälvilja · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of berättadesomthatsom · pronounsubject of öppnatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of öppnatöppnatopenedöppna · verb, active, supinerelative clause on välviljandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of herrgårdenstoltaimposingstolt · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies herrgårdenherrgårdenmanor househerrgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of öppnatförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of öppnatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking andrasåsoså · adverbmodifies mångamångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies andraandraothersannan · pronoun, pluralcoordinated with henne- 70
In this way she managed to keep her courage up, so that she actually made it through the park and over the bridge and reached the shore meadows, where the director's villa stood amid the school buildings.
Påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättetdettathisdenna · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sättetsättetwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of lyckadeslyckadesmanagedlyckades · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lyckadeshållato keep uphålla · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of lyckadesmodetcouragemod · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hållauppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies hållasåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of komattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komverkligenreallyverkligen · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on lyckadesigenomthroughigenom · prepositiondepends on komparkenparkpark · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking bronbronbridgebro · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with parkenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnåddereachednå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with komstrandängarnashore meadowsstrandäng · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of nåddedärtheredär · adverbmodifies lågdirektörensdirector'sdirektör · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of villavillavillavilla · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on strandängarnamistagged as adjective; the surface 'låg' here is the past tense of ligga 'to lie', not the unrelated adjective låg 'low'.
mittiblandright amongmittibland · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lågFunctions as the preposition 'mittibland' (right in the midst of), mistagged as a noun.
skolbyggnadernathe school buildingsskolbyggnad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of nådde - 71
Right beside the bridge spread the green playing field, and as she walked past it, she described to the children how lovely it used to be here on summer evenings, when the field was full of people in light clothing, and singing games and ball games followed one another.
AlldelesrightAlldeles · adverbmodifies broninvidclose byinvid · prepositionpreposition marking bronbronthe bridgebron · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of utbreddeutbreddespread oututbredde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of utbreddedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lekplanengrönagreengrön · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies lekplanenlekplanenthe playing fieldlekplan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utbreddeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gickhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on beskrevförbipastförbi · adverbpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickbeskrevdescribedbeskrev · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on utbreddehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of beskrevförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking barnenbarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of beskrevhurhowhur · adverbmodifies vackertvackertbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of beskrevdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with brukadebrukadeused tobruka · verb, past, indicative, activeexpletive with vackertvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveintroduces the clause of fullhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase varaunderonunder · prepositionpreposition marking sommarkvällarnasommarkvällarnathe summer eveningssommarkvällarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of varadåwhendå · subordinating conjunctionmodifies fullplanenfieldplan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fullvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to fullfullfullfull · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on vackertavofav · prepositionpreposition marking människorljuskläddalight-cladljusklädd · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of fullochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsånglekarsinging gamessånglek · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of avlösteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbollspelball gamesbollspel · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with sånglekaravlöstesucceededavlöste · verb, active, supinecoordinated with fullvarandraeach othervarandra · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of avlöste She showed the children Vänhem, where the assembly hall was, the seminary, where the lectures were held, and the villas, where the gymnasium and the handicraft halls were housed.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visadevisadeshowedvisa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of visadeVänhemVänhemVänhem · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of visadedärtheredär · adverbmodifies fannssamlingssalenthe assembly hallsamlingssal · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativerelative clause on Vänhemexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
seminarietthe seminaryseminari · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with fannsdärtheredär · adverbmodifies höllosföreläsningarnalecturesföreläsning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hölloshölloswere heldhöllos · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralin apposition to fannsArchaic plural passive past form of hålla.
villornathe villasvillorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralin apposition to höllosdärtheredär · adverbmodifies villornagymnastiklokalenthe gymnasiumgymnastiklokal · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of höllosochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslöjdsalarnathe handicraft hallsslöjdsalarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with gymnastiklokalenvorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, plurallinks the coordinationarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
inrymdawere housedinryma · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with höllosShe walked forward briskly and talked without pause, as though to keep herself from having time to grow anxious.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceframåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies gickmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking fartraskbriskrask · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fartfartspeedfart · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtaladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickoupphörligtceaselesslyoupphörlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of taladeliksomas thoughliksom · prepositionintroduces the clause of hinnaförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of hinnaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hinnainfinitive marker before a verb.
intenotinte · particlemodifies hinnahinnato have time tohinna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on taladeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bliinfinitive marker before a verb.
blibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of hinnaängsliganxiousängslig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bliBut when at last she came far enough to see the director's villa, she stopped short.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komslutligenfinallyslutligen · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesåenoughså · adverbmodifies långtlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies komattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of såghonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kompast tense of se, 'to see.'
direktörensdirector'sdirektör · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of villavillavillavilla · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sågdåthendå · adverbmodifies hontvärstannadestopped deadtvärstanna · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies honMistagged as an adjective; surface 'tvärstannade' is the past tense of tvärstanna (to stop abruptly).
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of såg- 72
«You know, children, I think we shouldn't go any farther,» she said.
Vetyou knowVet · verb, imperative, activeadverbial clause on trorniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Vetsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
barnchildbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with nijagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of gåintenotinte · particlemodifies gåskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of trorlängrefartherlänge · adverbmodifies gåsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gåhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade «I hadn't thought of this before, but perhaps the director is so dangerously ill that we would disturb him with our singing.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänktintenotinte · particlemodifies tänkttänktthoughttänka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencepåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of tänktförutbeforeförut · adverbmodifies dettamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies farligtdirektörendirectordirektör · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of farligtärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to farligtsåsoså · adverbmodifies farligtfarligtdangerousfarlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with tänktsjuksicksjuk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of farligtattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of störaviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of störaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of störastöradisturbstöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sjukhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of störamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sångvårourvi · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of sångMistagged as a pronoun under lemma vi; vår here is the possessive "our", not the pronoun "we".
sångsongsång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of störaIt would be terrible if we made him worse.»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with förfärligtvorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to förfärligtjuafter allju · adverbmodifies förfärligtförfärligtterribleförfärlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of göraviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of göraskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of göragöramakegöra · verb, active, infinitivedepends on förfärligthonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of görasämreworsedålig · adverbmodifies göra- 73
Little Nils Holgersson had followed along with the children the whole time and had heard everything the schoolmistress had spoken of.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of Nilslillelittlelille · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularmodifies NilsNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativesubject of följtHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilshadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of följtföljtfollowedfölja · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking barnenbarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of följthelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of följtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörthörtheardhöra · verb, active, supinecoordinated with följtalltallall · adverbmodifies hörtvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of talatlärarinnanteacherlärarinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of talattalattalkedtala · verb, active, supineclausal complement of hörtomofom · prepositionpreposition marking talat He knew, then, that they had set out to sing for someone lying ill over there in the villa, and he now understood that the singing would come to nothing, because they feared disturbing and worrying the sick man.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesåledesthussåledes · adverbmodifies vissteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåttdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttset outgå · verb, active, supineclausal complement of vissteutoutut · adverbdepends on gåttförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of sjungaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sjungainfinitive marker before a verb.
sjungato singsjunga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gåttförforför · prepositionpreposition marking någonnågonsomeonenågon · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of sjungasomwhosom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
låglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activeclause modifying någonsjuksicksjuk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies någondärbortaover theredärborta · adverbmodifies någoniini · prepositionpreposition marking villanvillanvillavilla · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of därbortaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstodförstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gåttnunownu · adverbmodifies förstodattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blisångensongsång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bliintenotinte · particlemodifies bliskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of förstodavto nothingav · prepositiondepends on blidärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of fruktadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därfördetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fruktadefruktadefearedfrukta · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on bliatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of störainfinitive marker before a verb.
störadisturbstöra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fruktadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationoroaworryoroa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with störadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sjukesjukesicksjuk · adjective, nominative, masculine, singulardirect object of oroa- 74
«It's a pity they're going away without singing,» he thought.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with syndärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to syndsynda pitysynd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gårdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on syndsinawaysig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of vägvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gårutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of sjungaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sjungainfinitive marker before a verb.
sjungato singsjunga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gårtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to syndhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkte «It would surely be an easy matter to find out whether the man in there can't bear to hear them.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sakvorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to sakjusurelyju · adverbmodifies sakenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of saklätteasylätt · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies saksakthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tainfinitive marker before a verb.
tato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying sakredafind outreda · adverbdepends on tapart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påoutpå · prepositionpreposition marking taomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of därinnehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of därinnedärinnein theredärinne · adverbmodifies tålintenotinte · particlemodifies tåltålcan't beartåla · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to sakvidtovid · prepositionintroduces the clause of höraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hörainfinitive marker before a verb.
hörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tåldemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of höraWhy doesn't someone go up to the villa and ask?»
Varförwhyvarför · adverbmodifies gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies gårnågonsomeonenågon · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of gårframforwardfram · adverbmodifies gårtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking villanvillanvillavilla · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of framochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfrågarasksfråga · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with går- 75
But this did not seem to occur to the schoolmistress, and she turned and walked slowly back.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tycktestycktesseemedtycktes · verb, past, indicativeadverbial clause on fallaintenotinte · particlemodifies fallafallato fallfalla · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencelärarinnanteacherlärarinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fallaininin · adverbmodifies fallautanbut ratherutan · conjunctionintroduces the clause of vändefollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändevändeturnedvän · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fallaReally the past tense 'vände' of the verb vända ('to turn'), mistagged here under lemma vän.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vändesaktaslowlysakta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of gicksakta doubles as the adverb 'slowly' (flög sakta) and the verb 'to slacken' (sakta farten).
tillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies sakta The schoolchildren raised a couple of objections, but she hushed them.
Skolbarnenthe schoolchildrenSkolbarnen · proper noun, nominativesubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies invändningarinvändningarobjectionsinvändning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of gjordemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tystadetystadehushedtysta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gjordenerdownner · adverbdepends on tystadedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of tystade«No, no!» she said.
Nejnonej · interjectiondirect object of sadenejnonej · interjectionparallel clause to Nejsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade«It was foolish of me to come here and sing so late in the evening.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tänktvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tänktdumtfoolishdumd · adverbmodifies tänkttänktthoughttänka · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasetagged as adjective but is the neuter past participle 'tänkt' (thought) of tänka.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tänktatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gåinfinitive marker before a verb.
gågogå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tänkthitherehit · adverbmodifies gåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsjungato singsjunga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gåsåsoså · adverbmodifies sentsentlatesen · adverbmodifies sjungapåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking kvällenkvälleneveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sjungaWe would only disturb him.»
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of störaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of störabarajustbara · adverbmodifies störastöradisturbstöra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentence- 76
Then Nils Holgersson thought that, since no one else was doing it, he had better find out for himself whether it was really so that the sick man was too weak to hear a little song.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on fickNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativesubject of tyckteHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilsattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gjordenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking annaningennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of annanannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tycktedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of gjordesåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on fickfickhad betterfå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ficklovhad betterlov · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fickatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tainfinitive marker before a verb.
tato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fickredafind outreda · adverbdepends on tapart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påoutpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of förhöllomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förhölldetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with förhöllförhöllwasförhöll · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on taFrom förhålla sig, 'to be the case'; 'det förhöll sig så att' = 'the truth was that'.
sigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of förhöllsåsoså · adverbmodifies förhöllattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of svagdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sjukesjukesicksjuk · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of svagvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to svagförtooför · adverbmodifies svagsvagweaksvag · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of förhöllatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hörainfinitive marker before a verb.
hörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on svagliteta littlelitet · adverbmodifies sångsångsongsång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of höra He parted from the others and ran up to the house.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skildeskildepartedskilde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of skildefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking andradetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andraSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraothersannan · pronoun, pluraloblique complement of skildeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsprangransprangma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with skildeLemma is corrupted; surfaces are only "sprang" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma.
framforwardfram · adverbmodifies sprangtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking husethusethousehus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sprangA carriage stood waiting outside the villa, and an old coachman stood beside the horses, waiting.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with höllhöllstood waitinghålla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vagnvagncarriagevagn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllutanföroutsideutanför · prepositionpreposition marking villanvillanvillavilla · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of höllochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kuskgammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kuskkuskcoachmankusk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with höllbredvidbesidebredvid · prepositiondepends on stodhästarnahorseshäst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationväntadewaitingvänta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodThe boy had scarcely reached the vicinity of the entrance before the front door opened and a maid came out with a tray.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hannhannhad timehann · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast tense of hinna, 'to have time to / manage to (before something else happens)'.
knappthardlyknappt · adverbmodifies framframforwardfram · adverbmodifies hanniini · prepositionpreposition marking ingångennärhetenvicinitynärhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iavofav · prepositionpreposition marking ingångeningångenentranceingång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of framförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies öppnadesused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
förstudörrenfront doorförstudörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive öppnadesöppnadeswas openedöppna · verb, past, indicative, passiveoblique complement of komochandoch · conjunctiondepends on öppnadesenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of jungfrujungfrua maidjungfru · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hannutoutut · adverbdepends on kommedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking brickaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of brickabrickatraybricka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kom«Larsson will just have to wait for the doctor a little longer,» she said.
LarssonLarssonLarsson · proper noun, nominativesubject of väntaSurname, Klement Larsson.
fårhave tofå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of väntanogjust have tonog · adverbmodifies väntaväntato waitvänta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencepåforpå · prepositionpreposition marking doktorndoktornthe doctordoktor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of väntaännulongerännu · adverbmodifies enenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of väntasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to väntahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade«The mistress asked me to bring him something warm.»
Frunladyfru · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of badbadaskedbe · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of taskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of badutoutut · adverbdepends on tanågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies varmtvarmtwarmvarm · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of tatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ta- 77
«How is the master doing?» asked the coachman.
Hurhowhur · adverbmodifies gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gårmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking husbondenhusbondenmasterhusbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gårfrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekuskencoachmankusk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågade - 78
«There's no more suffering now, but it's as though his heart had stopped.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of plågorärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to plågoringano/noneingen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of plågorplågortormentsplåga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasenumeranowadaysnumera · adverbmodifies plågormenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of stannatärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to stannatsomas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stannatomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stannathjärtathearthjärta · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of stannatskullehadskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of stannathahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of stannatstannatstayedstanna · verb, active, supinecoordinated with plågor The director has been lying motionless for an hour now.
Direktörenthe directorDirektören · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of liggerliggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceorörligmotionlessorörlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of liggersedanforsedan · prepositionpreposition marking timmeAlso glossed as preposition (since/for/ago), but example ch03-p30-s3 ('Han följde sedan barnen...') uses sedan adverbially to mean 'then/afterward', a sense the original senses list omitted.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of timmetimmehourtimme · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of orörligtillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies timmeWe hardly know whether he's alive or dead.»
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceknappasthardlyknappast · adverbmodifies vetomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dödhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dödärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to döddöddeaddöd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of vetExamples mix the noun (döden) with adjectival uses (död gås); flag if the occurrence is adjectival.
elleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlevandelivinglevande · adjective, nominativecoordinated with död- 79
«Does the doctor say it will be the end?»
Sägertellsäg · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedoktornthe doctordoktor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Sägerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blidetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of bliskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying doktornslutoverslut · adjective, nominativecomplement of bli - 80
«It hangs in the balance, Larsson, it hangs in the balance.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvägerhangs in balanceväga · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with stårLarssonLarssonLarsson · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with stårSurname, Klement Larsson.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to stårochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvägerhangs in balanceväga · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with står It is as though the director were lying there listening for a summons.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of liggaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to liggasomas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of liggaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of liggadirektörendirectordirektör · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of liggaskullewereskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of liggaliggato lieligga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlyssnato listenlyssna · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with liggaefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking kallelseenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kallelsekallelsesummonskallelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lyssnaIf word comes for him from above, he's ready to follow it.»
KommercomeKomma · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on färdigdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of budbudwordbud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of Kommerefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Kommerovanifrånfrom aboveovanifrån · adverbdepends on Kommersåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on färdigärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to färdighanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of färdigfärdigreadyfärdig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of följainfinitive marker before a verb.
följato followfölja · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on färdigdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of följa- 81
Nils Holgersson ran quickly down the road to catch up with the schoolmistress and the schoolchildren.
NilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativesubject of sprangHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilssprangransprang · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencerasktbrisklyrask · adverbmodifies sprangneråtdownwardneråt · adverbmodifies sprangvägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sprangförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of hinnaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hinnainfinitive marker before a verb.
hinnato have time tohinna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on spranguppupupp · adverbdepends on hinnalärarinnanteacherlärarinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hinnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskolbarnenschoolchildrenskolbarn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with lärarinnan He thought of how it had been when his grandfather died.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of varithurhowhur · adverbmodifies varitdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on tänktenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of doghanshishan · pronounpossessor of morfarmorfargrandfathermorfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dogdogdieddog · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tänkteHe had been a sailor, and when he lay on his deathbed, he had asked them to open the window, so that he might hear the roar of the wind once more.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sjömanhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sjömanvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to sjömansjömansailorsjöman · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of låghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sjömanpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking ytterstasitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of ytterstapossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
ytterstadeathbedyttersta · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of låghadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of betthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bettbettaskedbet · verb, active, supineparallel clause to sjömanSupine 'bett' of be (to ask/pray), unrelated to bita (to bite).
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of öppnadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of öppnaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of öppnaöppnaopenöppna · adjective, nominative, singularclausal complement of bettfönstretwindowfönstr · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of öppnaArchaic/dialectal spelling of fönster.
förso thatför · prepositionintroduces the clause of höraattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase förhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höraskullemightskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörafåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of hörahörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sjömanvindenswind'svind · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of brusandebrusandethe roarbrusande · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of höraänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking gångenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of höraAnd what if this man, who lay ill, had loved being surrounded by youth and hearing their songs and games...?
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dennenunownu · adverbmodifies dennedennehedenna · pronoun, masculine, singularhead of the phraseArchaic masculine demonstrative "denne" used anaphorically for a previously named male person.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
låglaylåg · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on dennesjuksicksjuk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of låghadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of älskatälskatlovedälska · verb, active, supinecoordinated with denneatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of omgiveninfinitive marker before a verb.
varabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to omgivenomgivensurroundedomgiven · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on älskatavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking ungdomungdomyouthungdom · noun, nominative, common gender, singularagent of omgivenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with omgivendesstheirden · pronounpossessor of sångerch03-p50 example 'sedan dess' means 'since then', not possessive 'its' — pinning the gloss to 'its' teaches a lie for that collocation.
sångersongssånger · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of höraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlekargameslek · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with höra- 82
The schoolmistress walked, wavering, down the avenue.
Lärarinnanthe schoolmistressLärarinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetvehågsentorntvehågs · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickMistagged as a noun; surface 'tvehågsen' is the adjective tvehågsen (undecided/hesitant).
neråtdownwardneråt · adverbmodifies gickallénthe avenueallén · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of gickDespite the plural tag, surfaces as the singular definite 'allén' (the avenue/tree-lined lane) in all examples.
Now, as she walked away from Nääs, she wanted to turn back, and when she had been on her way there, she had wanted to turn back then too.
Nunownu · adverbhead of the phrasenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vandradehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vandradevandradewanderedvandra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on Nubortawaybort · adverbdepends on vandradefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking NääsNääsNääsNääs · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of vandradevillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vändahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändavändato turnvända · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to Nuombackom · prepositiondepends on vändaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varithonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hadepåonpå · prepositionpart of the phrase varitvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase pådittheredit · adverbmodifies varithadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of velathonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of velatocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies velatvelatwantedvela · verb, active, supinecoordinated with vändalemma should be vilja 'to want'; velat is its supine form.
vändato turnvända · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of velatShe was still in great anguish and indecision.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ångestvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ångestalltjämtstillalltjämt · adverbmodifies variini · prepositionpreposition marking ångeststorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ångestångestanguishångest · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvillrådighetindecisionvillrådighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ångest- 83
She no longer spoke with the children, but walked in silence.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of taladetaladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies talademerno longermycket · adverbmodifies talademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking barnenbarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of taladeutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
vandradewanderedvandra · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of tystTagged as an adjective but is the past tense of vandra, 'to wander/walk'.
tystquiettyst · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with talade The shade in the avenue where she walked was so deep that she could see nothing.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of skuggavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to skuggasåsoså · adverbmodifies djupdjupdeepdjup · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies skuggaskuggashadowskugga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseiini · prepositionpreposition marking allénallénthe avenueallén · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of skuggaDespite the plural tag, surfaces as the singular definite 'allén' (the avenue/tree-lined lane) in all examples.
därtheredär · adverbmodifies gickhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on skuggaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of seingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of gickBut she seemed to hear such a multitude of voices around her.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tycktehörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tyckteenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of massasådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies massasån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
massaa mass ofmassa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies rösterröstervoicesröst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of höraomkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighersig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of höraThey were anxious cries reaching her from a thousand different directions.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ropvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ropängsligaanxiousängslig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ropropcriesrop · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralhead of the phrasefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking hålltusentalsthousandstusental · noun, genitive, neuter, pluralpossessor of hållolikadifferentolik · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hållhålldirectionshåll · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of ropsomthatsom · pronounsubject of nåddeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
nåddereachednådde · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on hållhenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of nådde«We are so far away, the rest of us,» said the voices.
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of långtärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to långtsåsoså · adverbmodifies långtlångtfarlångt · adverbhead of the phrasebortafar awayborta · adverbmodifies långtviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralpart of the phrase långtandraothersannan · pronoun, pluralmodifies långtsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to långtrösternavoicesröst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sade«But you are near.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceineari · prepositionmodifies ärnärhetenvicinitynärhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iGo and sing out what all of us feel!»
Gågogå · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsjungsingsjung · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with Gåutoutut · adverbdepends on sjungvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of kännerviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kännerallaallall · pronoun, pluralsubject of kännerkännerfeelskänna · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on Gå- 84
And she remembered one after another of those the director had helped and taken care of.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceihågto mind (remember)ihåg · adverbdepends on komonly occurs in the fixed phrase komma ihåg 'to remember'.
denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of enaenaoneena · adjective, nominativedirect object of komefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking andradenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andraandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularoblique complement of komsomwhomsom · pronoundirect object of hjälptThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
direktörendirectordirektör · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hjälpthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hjälpthjälpthelpedhjälpa · verb, active, supinerelative clause on andraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtagittakenta · verb, active, supinecoordinated with hjälptvårdcarevård · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tagitomofom · prepositionpreposition marking hjälpt It was superhuman how he had exerted himself to assist all who were in need.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with övermänskligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to övermänskligtövermänskligtsuperhumanövermänsklig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on övermänskligtansträngtexertedansträng · verb, active, supineindirect object of hadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of hadeförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of biståatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of biståinfinitive marker before a verb.
biståto helpbistå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hadeallaallall · determiner, pluraldirect object of biståsomwhosom · pronounsubject of voroThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
vorowerevoro · pronoun, pluralrelative clause on allamistagged as a pronoun; this is the archaic plural past tense of vara 'to be'.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking nödnöddistressnöd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of voro«Go and sing for him!» whispered the voices around her.
Gågogå · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsjungsingsjung · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with Gåförforför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sjungviskadewhisperedviska · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with viskadeomkringaroundomkring · prepositionmodifies hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of viskade«Don't let him die without having received a greeting from his school!
Låtletlåta · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of Låtintenotinte · particlemodifies dödöto diedö · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of Låtutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of fåttatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåttinfinitive marker before a verb.
hahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of fåttfåttreceivedfå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on döenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hälsninghälsninggreetinghälsning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåttfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking skolasinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of skolaskolaschoolskola · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hälsningDon't think of yourself as small and insignificant!
TänkthinkTänk · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies Tänkpåofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of ringaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ringaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ringaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to ringaringasmallringa · adjective, nominativeadverbial clause on TänkThis type covers both the adjective 'ringa' (slight/scant) and the present participle 'ringande' (ringing, from the verb 'ringa').
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationobetydliginsignificantobetydlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ringaThink of the great host standing behind you!
TänkthinkTänk · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencepåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking skarandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skaranstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies skaranweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
skaranflockskara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Tänksomthatsom · pronounsubject of stårThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
stårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to Tänkbakombehindbakom · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stårLet him understand, before he leaves us, how we all love him!»
Låtletlåta · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of Låtförståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of Låtinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gårhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on förståifrånfromifrån · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gårhurhowhur · adverbintroduces the clause of älskarviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralpart of the phrase hurallaallall · pronoun, pluralsubject of älskarälskarloveälska · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of gårhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of älskar- 85
The schoolmistress walked slower and slower.
Lärarinnanthe schoolmistressLärarinnan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencealltslower and slowerallt · adverbmodifies långsammarelångsammareslowerlångsamm · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies gick Then she heard something that was not merely voices and urgings in her own soul, but that came from the world outside her.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördenågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardirect object of hördesomthatsom · pronounsubject of rösterThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies rösterbarajustbara · adverbmodifies röstervarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to rösterröstervoicesröst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralrelative clause on någotochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmaningarurgingsmaning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with rösteriini · prepositionpreposition marking själhennesherhon · pronounpossessor of själpossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
egenownegen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies själsjälsoulsjäl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies maningarutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
somthatsom · pronounsubject of komThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
komcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hördefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking världenvärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komutanföroutsideutanför · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komIt was no ordinary human voice.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of människoröstvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to människoröstingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of människoröstvanligordinaryvanlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies människoröstmänniskorösthuman voicesmänniskoröst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraseIt was like a bird's twitter or a grasshopper's chirring.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of kvittervarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to kvittersomlikesom · prepositionpreposition marking kvitterFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fågelsfågelsa bird'sfågel · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of kvitterkvitterchirpingkvitt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraseelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gräshoppasgräshoppasa grasshopper'sgräshoppa · noun, genitive, common gender, singularcoordinated with kvitterspelchirringspel · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with kvitterYet she heard quite clearly that it was calling for her to turn back.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceändåyetändå · adverbmodifies hördealldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies tydligttydligtcleartydlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hördeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ropadedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with ropaderopadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of hördeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vändahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vändavändato turnvända · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of ropadetillbakabacktillbaka · adverbdepends on vända- 86
And that was all it took for her to find the courage to do so.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmermoremycket · adverbmodifies behövdesbehövdeswas neededbehöv · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of passive behövdesintenotinte · particlemodifies behövdesförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of fåattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåskullecouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfåsummon couragefå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on behövdesmodcouragemod · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göradogöra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fådetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of göra — — —
- 87
The schoolmistress and the schoolchildren had sung a couple of songs outside the director's window.
Lärarinnanteacherlärarinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sjungitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskolbarnenschoolchildrenskolbarn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sjungithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sjungitsjungitsungsjunga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sångersångersongssång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sjungitutanföroutsideutanför · prepositionpreposition marking fönsterdirektörensdirector'sdirektör · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of fönsterfönsterwindowsfönster · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies sånger She herself felt that their singing had sounded remarkably beautiful that evening.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesjälvherselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vackerderastheirde · pronounpossessor of sångpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
sångsongsång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ljudithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ljuditljuditrung outljudit · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of vackerMislabeled as a noun; ljudit is the supine of ljuda ("to sound/ring out").
såsoså · adverbmodifies märkvärdigtmärkvärdigtremarkablymärkvärdig · adverbmodifies vackervackerbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of tycktedennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kvällkvälleveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of vackerIt was as if strange voices had sung along with them.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phrasevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ,somas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of sjungitomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sjungitfrämmandestrangefrämmande · adjective, nominativemodifies rösterröstervoicesröst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sjungithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sjungitsjungitsungsjunga · verb, active, supinerelative clause on Detmedwithmed · prepositiondepends on sjungitThe air had been full of slumbering tones and sounds.
Rymdenairrymd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fullhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fullvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to fullfullfullfull · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseavofav · prepositionpreposition marking tonerslumrandeslumberingslumra · adjective, nominativemodifies tonertonernoteston · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of fullochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationljudsoundljud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with tonerThey had only needed to strike up, and all of these had awakened and rung out along with the song.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of stämmabarajustbara · adverbmodifies stämmabehövtneededbehövt · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of stämmastämmastrike upstämma · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceuppupupp · adverbdepends on stämmasåandså · adverbadverbial clause on vaknathadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vaknatallaallall · determiner, pluralsubject of vaknatdessathesedenna · determiner, pluralsubject of vaknatvaknatwokenvakna · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on stämmaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationklingatrungklinga · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with vaknatmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sångeniwithi · prepositionpreposition marking sångensångensongsång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vaknat- 88
Then the front door was flung open, and someone hurried out.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies öppnadesöppnadeswas openedöppna · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentenceförstudörrenfront doorförstudörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive öppnadeshastigtquicklyhastig · adverbmodifies öppnadesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnågonsomeonenågon · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of skyndadeskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with öppnadesutoutut · adverbdepends on skyndade «Now they're coming to tell me I mustn't sing anymore,» thought the schoolmistress.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommerförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of sägaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sägainfinitive marker before a verb.
sägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kommermigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sägaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sjungajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sjungaintenotinte · particlemodifies sjungafårmustn'tfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sjungasjungato singsjunga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kommermeranymoremycket · adverbmodifies sjungatänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to kommerlärarinnanteacherlärarinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tänkte«If only I haven't caused some misfortune!»
MåttemayMåtte · proper noun, nominativesubject of ställtNot a name; the optative modal 'måtte' expressing a wish (may/might).
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ställtbarajustbara · adverbmodifies ställtintenotinte · particlemodifies ställthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of ställtställtput/placedställa · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencetillabouttill · prepositionpreposition marking olyckanågonsomenågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of olyckaolyckamisfortuneolycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ställtBut that was not so.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of såvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to såintenotinte · particlemodifies såsåsoså · adverbhead of the phraseIt was a message that she should come into the house and rest, and then sing a couple more songs.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of budvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to budbudmessagebud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivedepends on budininin · adverbdepends on kommaiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking husethusethousehus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvilarestvila · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with husetochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsedanthensedan · adverbmodifies sjungasjungato singsjunga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kommaettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sångersångersongssång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sjungatillmoretill · prepositionmodifies sånger- 89
On the steps the doctor came to meet her.
Påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking trappantrappanthe staircasetrappan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedoktornthe doctordoktor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komemotto meetemot · adverbdepends on komhenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of kom «The danger is past this time,» he said.
Faranthe dangerfara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärsome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
ärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceöveroveröver · adverbmodifies ärföronför · prepositionpreposition marking gångendennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gångengångentimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ärsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to ärhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade«He lay there in a stupor, and his heart beat ever fainter.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedärtheredär · adverbmodifies lågiini · prepositionpreposition marking dvaladvalastupordvala · adjective, nominative, pluraloblique complement of lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhjärtathearthjärta · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of slogslogbeatslå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
allteverallt · adverbmodifies svagaresvagarefaintersvag · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of slogBut when you began to sing, it was as though he had heard a call from all those who need him.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of börjadeniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadesecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
börjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on varsjungato singsjunga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varsomassom · pronounsubject of hörtThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hörthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörtskullehadskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of hörthörtheardhöra · verb, active, supineclausal complement of varenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kallelsekallelsecallkallelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hörtfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking demallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies kallelsesomwhosom · pronounsubject of behöverThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
behöverneedsbehöva · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on demhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of behöverHe felt that it was not yet time for him to seek his rest.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändekändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tiddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with tidännuyetännu · adverbmodifies tidintenotinte · particlemodifies tidvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of kändeförforför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tidatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sökainfinitive marker before a verb.
sökasearchsöka · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying tidvilanrestvila · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sökaSing more for him!
Sjungsingsjung · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencemermoremycket · adverbmodifies Sjungförforför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of SjungSing, and be glad, for I believe it is your song that has brought him back to life!
Sjungsingsjung · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarwasvar · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gladgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Sjungförforför · prepositiondepends on trorjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with Sjungattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sångdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sångärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to sångeryouni · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of sångsångsongsång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of trorsomthatsom · pronounsubject of förtThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of förtförtcarriedföra · verb, active, supinerelative clause on sånghonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of förttillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies förttillto lifetill · prepositionpreposition marking livetlivetlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of tillbakaNow perhaps we shall get to keep him a few more years.»
Nunownu · adverbmodifies behållakanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies Nuviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of behållafårshall get tofå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of behållabehållato keepbehålla · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of behållaettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies åråryearsår · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of behållatillmoretill · prepositionmodifies år
The particulars
- The text
- Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige, Selma Lagerlöf. The Wonderful Adventures of Nils.
- Translation
- Public-domain Swedish (Lagerlöf, d. 1940; published 1906–07). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
- Words
- Every word of the text, by letter.
- Data
- JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents