Swedish · The Wonderful Adventures of Nils
Resan till Vemmenhög
The Journey to Vemmenhög
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One day at the beginning of November the wild geese flew over Hallandsås into Skåne.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of flögoiati · prepositionpreposition marking börjanbörjanbeginningbörjan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies dagavofav · prepositionpreposition marking novembernovemberNovembernovember · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies börjanflögoflewflögo · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense.
vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flögoattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
överoveröver · prepositionpreposition marking HallandsåsHallandsåsHallandsåsHallandsås · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of flögoininin · adverbdepends on flögoiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking SkåneSkåneSkåneSkåne · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of in They had spent a few weeks lingering on the broad plains around Falköping, and since several other large flocks of wild geese had also been staying there, they had had a merry time, with much talk among the old birds and much competing in every kind of sport among the young ones.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of uppehållithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of uppehållitunderforunder · prepositionpreposition marking veckornågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of veckorveckorweeksvecka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of uppehållituppehållitstayeduppehålli · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of uppehållitpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking slätternadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of slätternaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vidabroadvid · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies slätternaslätternaplainsslätt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of uppehållitomkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking FalköpingFalköpingFalköpingFalköping · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of uppehållitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsomsincesom · pronounpreposition marking vildgåsflockarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
fleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vildgåsflockarandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vildgåsflockarstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vildgåsflockarvildgåsflockarwild-goose flocksvildgåsflock · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vistatsocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies vistatshadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vistatsvistatsstayedvistats · verb, supineadverbial clause on haftdärtheredär · adverbmodifies vistatshadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of haftdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on uppehållitenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haftmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking samspråkmycketmuchmycket · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies samspråksamspråkconversationsamspråk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularclause modifying tidmellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking fåglarnadetheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fåglarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
gamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fåglarnafåglarnathe birdsfåglarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies samspråkochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmyckenmuchmycken · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tävlantävlancontesttävlan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with fåglarnaiini · prepositionpreposition marking idrottalltallall · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of slagsslagskind ofslag · noun, genitive, neuter, singularpossessor of idrottGenitive 'slags' used in the fixed phrase 'ett slags'/'vad för slags' = 'a kind of'/'what kind of'.
idrottsportidrott · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tävlanmellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking ungadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ungaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
ungayoungung · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies idrott- 2
As for Nils Holgersson, he had not been happy about the long delay in Västergötland.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on hadeNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativesubject of beträffarHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilsbeträffaras forbeträffa · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on Vadsåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gladhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gladintenotinte · particlemodifies gladvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to gladgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseåtaboutåt · prepositionpreposition marking dröjsmåletdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of dröjsmåletlångalonglång · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies dröjsmåletdröjsmåletdelaydröjsmål · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gladiini · prepositionpreposition marking VästergötlandVästergötlandVästergötlandVästergötland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of glad He tried to keep his spirits up, but he found it hard to make peace with his fate.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försökteförsöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hållainfinitive marker before a verb.
hållato keep uphålla · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försöktemodetcouragemod · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hållauppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies hållamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with försöktesvårtdifficultsvår · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förlikainfinitive marker before a verb.
förlikareconcile oneselfförlika · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of förlikamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ödesitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of ödepossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
ödefateöde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of förlikaöde is both a neuter noun 'fate' and an unrelated adjective 'deserted/desolate'; some examples use the adjective.
"If only I had left Skåne behind me and were abroad," he thought, "then I would know I had nothing to hope for, and then I would feel calmer."
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lämnatjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lämnatvälif onlyväl · adverbmodifies lämnathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lämnatlämnatleftlämna · verb, active, supinedepends on vissteSkåneSkåneSkåne · proper noun, nominativedirect object of lämnatbakombehindbakom · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lämnatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to utlandetiabroadi · prepositionpreposition marking utlandetutlandetabroadutland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with lämnattänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to lämnathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktesåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vissteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadeintenotinte · particlemodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of visstenågotnothingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hoppasinfinitive marker before a verb.
hoppashopehoppas · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on hadepåforpå · prepositiondepends on hoppasochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies kännaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kännajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kännakännato feelkänna · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with hademigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of kännalugnarecalmerlugn · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of känna- 3
So the wild geese had finally broken camp one morning and flown down toward Halland.
Såsoså · adverbmodifies brutithadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of brutitvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brutitattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
äntligenfinallyäntligen · adverbmodifies brutitbrutitbrokenbruta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceuppupupp · adverbdepends on brutitenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of morgonmorgonmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of brutitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationflugitflownfluga · verb, active, supinecoordinated with brutitneråtdownwardneråt · adverbmodifies flugitHallandHallandHalland · proper noun, nominativedirect object of flugit At first the boy had not found any particular pleasure in looking at that landscape.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetillat firsttill · prepositionpreposition marking börjanenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of börjanbörjanbeginningbörjan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of funnitintenotinte · particlemodifies funnitfunnitfoundfinna · verb, active, supineparallel clause to hadenågotanynågon · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies särdelessärdelesespeciallysärdela · adverbadverbial clause on hadeOld spelling of särdeles.
nöjepleasurenöje · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of särdelesiini · prepositionintroduces the clause of tittaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tittainfinitive marker before a verb.
tittato looktitta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hadepåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking landskapetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of landskapetlandskapetlandscapelandskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of tittaHe felt there was nothing new to see there.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of nyttdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with nyttintenotinte · particlemodifies nyttvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to nyttnågotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of nyttnyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of tyckteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitivedepends on nyttdärtheredär · adverbmodifies seIn the eastern part it was hilly, with great heather moors that reminded him of Småland, and further west it was covered with round, bare hills and cut through with inlets, much the same way as Bohuslän.
Iini · prepositionpreposition marking delenöstraeasternöstra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies delendelenpartdel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of högläntvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to högläntdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with höglänthöglänthillyhöglända · adjective, nominativesubject of vikarmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ljunghedarstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ljunghedarljunghedarheather moorsljunghed · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies högläntsomthatsom · pronounsubject of påmindeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
påminderemindedpåmi · adjective, nominativerelative clause on ljunghedaromofom · prepositionpreposition marking SmålandSmålandSmålandSmåland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of påmindeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlängrefurtherlänge · adverbmodifies västermotwestmot · prepositionpreposition marking västervästerwestväster · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of täcktvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to täcktdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of täckttäcktcoveredtäcka · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularparallel clause to högläntmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking rundarundaroundrund · adjective, nominative, pluraloblique complement of täcktkalabarekal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bergkullarbergkullarrocky hillsbergkull · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of täcktochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsönderskuretcut throughsönderskur · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with bergkullaravwithav · prepositionpreposition marking vikarvikarinletsvika · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceungefärapproximatelyungefär · adverbmodifies vikarpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of vikarsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of BohuslänBohuslänBohuslänBohuslän · proper noun, nominativeclause modifying sättSwedish coastal province.
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But when the wild geese continued their journey southward along the narrow coastal country, the boy had sat leaning out over the goose's neck, never lifting his eyes from the ground.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fortsattevildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fortsatteattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
fortsattecontinuedfortsata · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on haderesanjourneyresa · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fortsattesöderutsouthwardsöderut · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fortsatteThis is the adverb söderut, mistagged as a noun.
längsalonglängs · adverbpreposition marking kustlandskapetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of kustlandskapetsmalanarrowsmal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies kustlandskapetkustlandskapetthe coastal countrykustlandskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of söderuthadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of suttitpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of suttitsuttitsatsutta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceArchaic spelling of suttit, the supine of sitta ("to sit").
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhängthunghäng · verb, active, supinecoordinated with suttitLemma is a truncated form of 'hänga' (to hang); surface 'hängt' is its supine.
utoutut · adverbdepends on hängtöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking gåshalsengåshalsengoose's neckgåshals · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hängtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies lyftlyftliftedlyft · verb, active, supinecoordinated with suttitögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of lyftfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lyft He saw how the hills thinned out and the plain spread wide.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehurhowhur · adverbmodifies glesnadekullarnathe hillskullarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of glesnadeglesnadethinned outglesna · adjective, nominative, pluralclausal complement of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslättenplainslätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of breddebreddespreadbreda · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with glesnadeutoutut · adverbdepends on breddesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of breddeAt the same time he noticed that the coast became less ragged.
Påatpå · prepositionpreposition marking gångsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of gånggångtimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of märktemärktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blevkustencoastkust · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of märktemindrelessliten · adverbmodifies söndertrasadthis type bundles the positive and comparative degree forms (litet, mindre) under one entry.
söndertrasadraggedsöndertrasad · adverbcomplement of blevThe skerries offshore thinned out and vanished, and the wide, open sea came right up to the mainland.
Skärgårdenarchipelagoskärgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komutanföroutsideutanför · prepositionpreposition marking glesnadedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of glesnadeglesnadethinned outglesna · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies Skärgårdenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförsvanndisappearedförsvann · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with glesnadePast tense of försvinna ('disappeared'), mistagged as a noun.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of havetvidawidevid · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies havetöppnaopenöppen · adjective, nominative, singularcoordinated with vidahavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceändaright up toända · adverbmodifies framframforwardfram · adverbmodifies komtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking fastlandetfastlandetthe mainlandfastland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fram- 5
And then the forest came to an end.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies upphördeupphördeceased/endedupphörde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive upphörde There had, of course, been many fine plains further up the country, but they had all lain framed by trees.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with funnitshadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of funnitsjuof courseju · adverbmodifies funnitsfunnitsexisted/been foundfunnits · verb, passive, supinemain verb of the sentencemångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies skönaskönabeautifulskön · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies slätterslätterplainsslätta · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcomplement of funnitshögrehigherhög · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies uppåtuppåtupwarduppåt · adverbhead of the phraselandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of uppåtmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of passive inramadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of inramadeallaallall · pronoun, pluralsubject of passive inramadelegatlainlega · verb, active, supinepassive auxiliary of inramadeSupine of 'ligga' (to lie); lemma should be 'ligga'.
inramadeframedinrama · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with uppåtavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking trädträdtreesträd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of inramadeThe forest had been everywhere.
Skogenthe forestSkogen · proper noun, nominativesubject of funnitsSentence-initial capitalized 'skogen' (the forest), not a proper name.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of funnitsfunnitsexisted/been foundfunnits · verb, passive, supinemain verb of the sentenceöverallteverywhereöverallt · adverbmodifies funnitsIt was as if the land really belonged to the trees, and the cultivated ground had lain like great clearings in the forest.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phrasevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies Detsomas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of tillhördeomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tillhördelandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of tillhördeegentligenreallyegentligen · adverbmodifies tillhördetillhördebelongedtillhöra · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Detträdentreesträd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of tillhördeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of jordenodladecultivatedodla · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies jordenjordenearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of legathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of legatlegatlainlegat · verb, active, supinecoordinated with tillhördesomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of röjningarstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies röjningarröjningarclearingsröjning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of legatiini · prepositionpreposition marking skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies röjningarAnd on every plain there had been plenty of groves and pastures, as if to show that the forest could reclaim the land at any moment.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking slätterallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of slätterslätterplainsslätta · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of funnitshadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of funnitsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with funnitsfunnitsexisted/been foundfunnits · verb, passive, supinemain verb of the sentencegottplentygod · adverbmodifies funnitsomofom · prepositionpreposition marking dungardungargrovesdung · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of funnitsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhagarpastureshag · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with dungarliksomas ifliksom · adverbintroduces the clause of synasföras ifför · prepositionintroduces the clause of synasattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of synasdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with synasskullecouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of synassynasto showsyna · verb, passive, infinitiveadverbial clause on funnitsattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of återtaskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of återtanärwhennär · adverbmodifies återtaFunctions as a subordinating conjunction, not an adverb.
someversom · conjunctionpart of the phrase närhelstevergärna · adverbpart of the phrase närType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
kundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of återtaåtertareclaimåterta · verb, active, infinitivedepends on synaslandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of återta- 6
But here it was different.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhärherehär · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varannorlundadifferentannorlunda · adverbmodifies var Here the flatland had taken the upper hand.
Härherehär · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tagitslättmarkenthe flatlandslättmarke · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of hadetagittakenta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceherraväldetthe upper handherravälde · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of tagitIt spread out all the way to the horizon.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of breddebreddespreadbreda · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceutoutut · adverbdepends on breddesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of breddeändaall the wayända · adverbmodifies bortbortawaybort · adverbmodifies breddetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking synrandensynrandenthe horizonsynrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of breddeThere were large forest plantations, but no wild forest.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
storabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies skogsplanteringarskogsplanteringarforest plantationsskogsplantering · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fannsmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vildskogvildskogwild forestvildskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with skogsplanteringarJust this — that the land lay so open, with field after field — was what made it remind the boy of Skåne.
Justjustjust · adverbmodifies dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gjordeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of låglandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on dettasåsoså · adverbmodifies lågöppetopenöppen · adverbmodifies lågThis is the neuter adjective form 'öppet' used predicatively/adverbially.
medwithmed · prepositionoblique complement of lågåkerfieldåka · verb, present, indicative, activepart of the phrase medMislemmatized: surface is 'åker', the noun ('a field'), in both attested examples ('slog ner på en åker', 'stänger för en åker') — not a form of the verb åka ('to ride/drive'). Gloss corrected to the noun sense actually attested.
vidaftervid · prepositionpart of the phrase medåkerfieldåka · verb, present, indicative, activepart of the phrase vidMislemmatized: surface is 'åker', the noun ('a field'), in both attested examples ('slog ner på en åker', 'stänger för en åker') — not a form of the verb åka ('to ride/drive'). Gloss corrected to the noun sense actually attested.
gjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of påmindedetthisden · determiner, neuter, singularsubject of påmindepåminderemindedpåmin · adjective, nominative, singularclausal complement of gjordepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of påmindeomofom · prepositionpreposition marking SkåneSkåneSkåneSkåne · proper noun, nominativemodifies pojkenThe bare coast with its sand flats and ridges of seaweed, too, he felt he recognized.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kustennaknabarenakn · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies kustenkustencoastkust · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sandfältsandfältsand flatssandfält · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies kustenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtångvallarseaweed ridgestångvalel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with kustentycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tyckteocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies kännakännato feelkänna · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tyckteigenagainigen · adverbdepends on kännaHe grew both glad and anxious when he saw this.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationängsliganxiousängslig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with gladnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of såghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blevpast tense of se, 'to see.'
dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of såg"Now I can't be far from home," he thought.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies hemifrånkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hemifrånjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hemifrånintenotinte · particlemodifies hemifrånvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to hemifrånlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies hemifrånhemifrånfrom homehemifrån · adverbhead of the phrasetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to hemifrånhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkte- 7
The landscape did keep changing, it's true.
Landskapetlandscapelandskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of förändradeförändradechangedförändra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of förändradenogindeednog · adverbmodifies förändrade Rivers came rushing down from Västergötland and Småland and broke the plain's monotony.
ÅarriversÅar · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of kommokommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencekommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
brusanderoaringbrusande · adjective, nominativemodifies kommodescribes rushing water or wind.
nerdownner · adverbdepends on kommofrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking VästergötlandVästergötlandVästergötlandVästergötland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of nerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationSmålandSmålandSmåland · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Västergötlandochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbrötobrokebröto · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with neractually the archaic plural past tense of bryta (they broke/set off), mistagged as a noun.
slättensthe plain'sslätt · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of enformighetenformighetmonotonyenformighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of brötoLakes, bogs, heather moors, and drifting sand fields got in the way of the fields, but these still spread ever wider, all the way until Hallandsås rose down by the Skåne border with its beautiful ravines and valleys.
Sjöarlakessjöar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasemossarbogsmoss · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Sjöarljunghedarheather moorsljunghed · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Sjöarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationflygsandsfältdrifting sand fieldsflygsandsfält · adverbmodifies ladeladegot in the wayla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with Sjöar"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
sigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ladeiin the wayi · prepositionpreposition marking vägenvägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ladeförofför · prepositionpreposition marking åkrarnaåkrarnafieldsåkr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of lademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdessathesedenna · pronoun, pluralsubject of breddebreddespreadbreda · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with Sjöarändåstilländå · adverbmodifies breddeutoutut · adverbdepends on breddesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of breddeallteverallt · adverbmodifies vidarevidarefurthervidare · adverbmodifies breddeändaall the wayända · adverbintroduces the clause of restetillsuntiltills · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase ändaHallandsåsHallandsåsHallandsås · proper noun, nominativesubject of resteresteroseresa · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on breddesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of resteneredownnere · adverbmodifies restevidbyvid · prepositionpreposition marking SkånegränsenSkånegränsenthe Skåne borderSkånegränsen · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of restemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking klyftorsinaitssig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of klyftorvackrabeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies klyftorklyftorcleftsklyftor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of resteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdalgångarvalleysdalgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with klyftor— —
- 8
It had happened several times during the journey that the young geese had asked those who were old in the flock, "What does it look like abroad? What does it look like abroad?"
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of hänthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hänthänthappenedhända · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencefleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of häntunderduringunder · prepositionpreposition marking resanresanjourneyresa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of häntattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of frågatunggässenyoung geeseunggäss · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågatsurface 'unggässen' is plural definite (the young geese) despite the singular tag.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of frågatfrågataskedfråga · verb, active, supinedepends on häntdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of frågatsomwhosom · pronounintroduces the clause of gamlaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralpossessor of gamlaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
gamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of frågatiini · prepositionpreposition marking flockenflockenflockflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gamlaHurhowhur · adverbmodifies serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of serutlookut · adverbdepends on seriabroadi · prepositionpreposition marking utlandetutlandetabroadutland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of serHurhowhur · adverbmodifies serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of serutlookut · adverbdepends on seriabroadi · prepositionpreposition marking utlandetutlandetabroadutland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ser - 9
"Wait, wait! You'll soon find that out," those who had traveled up and down the country many times had answered.
VäntaWait!vänta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väntaParsed as a noun but functions as the imperative 'wait!' of the verb vänta in all examples.
väntato waitvänta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceDetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of fåskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
snartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies fåfåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencevetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fåhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of svaratdåthendå · adverbmodifies svaratdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of svaratsvaratansweredsvara · verb, active, supinecoordinated with fåsomwhosom · pronounsubject of faritThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of faritfarittraveledfara · verb, active, supinecoordinated with fåuppåtupwarduppåt · adverbmodifies faritochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationneråtdownwardneråt · adverbcoordinated with uppåtlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies faritmångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of farit - 10
When the young geese had seen Värmland's long forest ridges and the shining lakes between them, or Bohuslän's world of cliffs, or Västergötland's lovely little hills, they had wondered and asked, "Does the whole world look like this? Does the whole world look like this?"
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of settunggässenyoung geeseunggäss · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settsurface 'unggässen' is plural definite (the young geese) despite the singular tag.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hadeVärmlandsVärmland'sVärmland · verb, passive, infinitivepossessor of skogsåsarlångalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies skogsåsarskogsåsarwooded ridgesskogsås · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of settochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of sjöarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
blankagleamingblank · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sjöarnasjöarnathe lakessjöarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with skogsåsarmellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies sjöarnaelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationBohuslänsBohuslän'sBohusläns · proper noun, genitivecoordinated with demklippvärldworld of cliffsklippvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of settelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationVästergötlandsVästergötland'sVästergötland · proper noun, genitivepossessor of småbergvackrabeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies småbergsmåberglittle hillssmåberg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with klippvärldhadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of undratdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of undratundratwonderedundrad · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfrågataskedfrågaa · verb, active, supinecoordinated with undratSerseeSer · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePresent tense of se ('to see'); capitalized here as sentence-initial.
helawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies världenvärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Serutlookut · adverbdepends on Serpålikepå · prepositionpreposition marking sättetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sättethärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase detsättetwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of utSerseeSer · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePresent tense of se ('to see'); capitalized here as sentence-initial.
helawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies världenvärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Serutlookut · adverbdepends on Serpålikepå · prepositionpreposition marking sättetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sättethärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase detsättetwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ut - 11
"Wait, wait! You'll soon find out what a good part of the world looks like," the old ones had answered.
VäntaWait!vänta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väntaParsed as a noun but functions as the imperative 'wait!' of the verb vänta in all examples.
väntato waitvänta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceNiyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
skawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies fåfåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of vetavetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencehurhowhur · adverbmodifies serdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of vetautlookut · adverbdepends on seriini · prepositionpreposition marking delenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of delgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies deldelpartdel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of seravofav · prepositionpreposition marking världenvärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies delhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of svaratdetheen · determiner, pluralsubject of svaratSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
gamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies svaratsvaratansweredsvaraa · verb, active, supinecoordinated with veta - 12
When the wild geese had crossed Hallandsås and come some way into Skåne, Akka called out, "Look down now! Look around you! This is what it looks like abroad."
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of restvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of restattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of restresttraveledrest · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on ropadeöveracrossöver · prepositionpreposition marking HallandsåsHallandsåsHallandsåsHallandsås · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of restochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinecoordinated with restettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of styckestyckepiecestycke · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kommitframåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies kommitSkåneSkåneSkåne · proper noun, nominativedirect object of kommitropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of ropadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
Tittalook!titta · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies Tittanerdownner · adverbmodifies TittaSelookse · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceeryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of Seomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies SeSålikeså · adverbmodifies serhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase Såserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of serutlookut · adverbdepends on seriabroadi · prepositionpreposition marking utlandetutlandetabroadutland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ser - 13
Just then they were flying over Söderåsen.
Justjustjust · adverbmodifies forodåthendå · adverbpart of the phrase Justforowentforo · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseMistagged as a noun; foro is the plural past tense of fara ("went/traveled").
detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of SöderåsenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
överoveröver · prepositionpreposition marking SöderåsenSöderåsenSöderåsenSöderåsen · proper noun, nominativesubject of passive foro The whole long height was clothed in beech forests, and embedded in the forests were beautiful, turreted castles.
Helawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies höjdendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of höjdenlångalonglång · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies höjdenhöjdenheighthöjd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kläddvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to kläddklädddressedklädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking bokskogarbokskogarbeech woodsbokskog · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kläddochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiini · prepositionpreposition marking skogarnaskogarnaforestsskog · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of slottvorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on slottarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
inbäddadeembeddedinbädda · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies slottskönabeautifulskön · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies slotttornpryddaturretedtornprydd · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with skönaslottcastlesslott · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with kläddBetween the trees roe deer grazed, and in the forest meadows hares played.
Mellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking trädenträdentreeträd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of betadeträd is an invariant noun (same form singular and plural); the definite plural träden means "the trees."
betadegrazedbeta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencerådjurroe deerrådjur · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of betadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking skogsängarnaskogsängarnathe forest meadowsskogsängarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of lektelekteplayedleka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with betadehararhareshara · verb, present, indicative, activecomplement of lekteHunting horns sounded from the forests, and the dogs' sharp barking was heard all the way up to the flying flock.
Jakthornhunting hornsJakthorn · proper noun, nominativepossessor of ljödoljödosoundedljödo · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive hördesLjödo is the historical plural past form of ljuda.
urout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking skogarnaskogarnaforestsskog · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies ljödohundarnasthe dogs'hundare · noun, genitive, common gender, pluralpossessor of vassavassasharpvassa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive hördesskallwillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hördeshördescould be heardhöra · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentenceuppupupp · adverbdepends on hördestilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking skarandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skaranflygandeflyingflyga · adjective, nominativemodifies skaranskaranflockskara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hördesBroad roads wound between the trees, and along them came gentlemen and ladies riding in gleaming carriages or on splendid horses.
BredabroadBreda · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vägarvägarroadsväg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of slingradeslingradewoundslingra · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasePast tense of the verb 'slingra' (to wind/wander); mistagged as an adjective.
mellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking trädenträdentreesträd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of slingradeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpåalongpå · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of kommokommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivemodifies herrarkommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
herrargentlemenherre · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with slingradeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdamerladiesdam · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with herraråkanderidingåka · adjective, nominativecomplement of slingradeiini · prepositionpreposition marking vagnarblänkandeglitteringblänka · adjective, nominativemodifies vagnarPresent participle 'blänkande' (glittering), mistagged as base adjective.
vagnarcarriagesvagn · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of slingradeelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationridanderidingridande · adjective, nominativecoordinated with vagnarpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking hästarpräktigasplendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hästarhästarhorseshäst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of slingradeRingsjön spread out below the height, with the old Bosjökloster lying on a narrow spit of land.
RingsjönLake Ringsjönringsjön · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of utbreddeutbreddespread oututbreda · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of utbreddeunderbelowunder · prepositionpreposition marking höjdenhöjdenheighthöjd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utbreddemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking Bosjöklosterdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of Bosjöklostergamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies BosjöklosterBosjöklosterBosjöklosterbosjökloster · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of utbreddeliggandelyingliggande · adjective, nominativemodifies utbreddepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking näsettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of nässmaltnarrowsmal · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies näsnässpit of landnäs · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utbreddeSkäralid's ravine cut through the ridge, with a stream in its depths and its rock walls clothed in bushes and trees.
SkäralidsSkäralid'sSkäralid · proper noun, genitivepossessor of klyftaklyftagorgeklyfta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skarskarcutska · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceThe backbone lemma/morphology are mistagged; surface 'skar' is actually the past tense of skära (to cut), not a form of ska (shall).
genomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking åsenåsenthe ridgeåse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skarmedwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of åenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ååstreamå · prepositionmodifies kläddaMostly used as the noun for a small river (Ronneby å); the idiom fara å färde 'be afoot/underway' is an old prepositional use.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking djupetdjupetdepthdjup · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of åochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationklippväggarnathe cliff wallsklippväggarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with djupetkläddadressedklädda · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on skarmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking buskarbuskarbushesbusk · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kläddaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationträdtreesträd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with buskar- 14
"Does it look like this abroad? Does it look like this abroad?" the goslings asked.
SerseeSer · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePresent tense of se ('to see'); capitalized here as sentence-initial.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with Serutlookut · adverbdepends on Sersålikeså · adverbmodifies Serhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase såiabroadi · prepositionpreposition marking utlandetutlandetabroadutland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of härSerseeSer · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePresent tense of se ('to see'); capitalized here as sentence-initial.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of Serutlookut · adverbdepends on Sersålikeså · adverbmodifies utlandethärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase såiabroadi · prepositionpreposition marking utlandetutlandetabroadutland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of Serfrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegässlingarnagoslingsgässlinga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of frågade "This is what it looks like where there are forest-clad ridges," Akka cried, "but that's not so often.
Sålikeså · adverbmodifies serhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase Såserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of serutlookut · adverbdepends on serdärtheredär · adverbmodifies finnsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsfinnsthere arefinnas · verb, present, indicativeadverbial clause on serskogkläddaforest-cladskogklädd · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies åsaråsarridgesås · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of finnsskrekshriekedskrek · verb, past, indicative, activemodifies AkkaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with finnsproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of oftaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to oftaintenotinte · particlemodifies oftasåsoså · adverbmodifies oftaoftaoftenofta · adverbcoordinated with AkkaWait, and you shall see what it usually looks like there!"
VäntaWait!vänta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of seParsed as a noun but functions as the imperative 'wait!' of the verb vänta in all examples.
skawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of seniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sesecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
fåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencehurhowhur · adverbmodifies serdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of servanligenusuallyvanligen · adverbmodifies serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of seutlookut · adverbdepends on serdärtheredär · adverbmodifies ser- 15
Akka led the wild geese further south to the great Skåne plain.
AkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of fördeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
fördeledförde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fördeattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
vidarefurthervidare · adverbmodifies fördemotsouthmot · prepositionmodifies fördesödersouthsöder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase mottilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking slättendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of slättenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies slättenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
skånskaScanianskånsk · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies slättenslättenplainslätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förde There it lay with broad fields, with beet fields where the beet-pickers moved along in long rows, with low, whitewashed farms built around courtyards, with countless small white churches, with ugly gray sugar factories, with small-town-like market towns around the railway stations.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedärtheredär · adverbmodifies lågmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking åkrarbredabroadbred · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies åkraråkrarfieldsåker · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of lågmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking betfältbetfältbeet fieldbetfält · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of lågdärtheredär · adverbmodifies gingobetplockarnabeet pickersbetplockarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of gingogingowentgingo · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on betfältPast plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective.
framforwardfram · adverbmodifies gingoiini · prepositionpreposition marking raderlångalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies raderraderrowsrad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of frammedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking lågalågalowlåg · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying betfältvitlimmadewhitewashedvitlimmad · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with lågakringbyggdabuilt around a courtyardkringbyggd · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gårdargårdarfarmsgård · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with lågamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking kyrkorotaligacountlessotalig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kyrkorsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kyrkorvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kyrkorkyrkorchurcheskyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of betfältmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking fulafulauglyful · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with kyrkorgråagraygrå · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sockerfabrikersockerfabrikersugar factoriessockerfabrik · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with fulamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking köpingarsmåstadslikasmall-town-likesmåstadslik · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies köpingarköpingarmarket townsköping · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of fulaomkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking järnvägsstationernajärnvägsstationernarailway stationsjärnvägsstation · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies köpingarThere lay peat bogs with long rows of peat stacks, coal mines with black heaps of coal, and roads ran between avenues of pollarded willows, while railways crossed one another and formed a dense net over the plain.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies torvmossarlågolaylågo · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies torvmossarArchaic plural past tense of ligga ("to lie"), not an adjective; the parser mistagged it.
torvmossarpeat bogstorvmoss · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking raderlångalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies raderraderrowsrad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of torvmossaravofav · prepositionpreposition marking torvhögartorvhögarpeat stackstorvhög · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies raderstenkolsgruvorcoal minesstenkolsgruvor · verb, active, supinecoordinated with torvmossarmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking kolhögarsvartablacksvart · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kolhögarkolhögarcoal heapskolhög · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of torvmossarvägarnaroadsväg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of löptelöpteranlöpte · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to torvmossarframforwardfram · adverbmodifies löptemellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking alléeralléeravenuesalléer · adjective, nominative, pluraloblique complement of korsadeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking pilarklipptaclippedklippa · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies pilarMistagged as an adjective; 'klippta' is the past participle of 'klippa' (to clip, pollard).
pilarwillowspil · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies alléerjärnvägarnarailwaysjärnvägare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of korsadekorsadecrossedkorsa · verb, past, indicative, activemodifies varandravarandraeach othervarandra · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of framochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbildadeformedbilda · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with löpteettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of nättättdensetätt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies nätnätnetnät · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of bildadeöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking slättenslättenplainslätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies nätSmall beech-ringed plain lakes gleamed here and there, each adorned with its own splendid manor house.
SmåsmallSmå · adverbmodifies bokomkransadebokomkransadebeech-ringedbokomkransad · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies slättsjöarslättsjöarplain lakesslättsjöar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies blänkteblänktegleamedblänkte · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralhead of the phrasePast tense of 'blänka' (to gleam), mislabeled as a noun.
framforwardfram · adverbmodifies blänktehärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase framochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase framdärtheredär · adverbmodifies pryddapryddaadornedprydda · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on blänktemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking herrgårdvarwasvara · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of herrgårdmistagged as a determiner; the surface 'var' here is the past tense of vara 'to be'.
sinits ownsig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of herrgårdpräktigasplendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies herrgårdherrgårdmanor househerrgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of prydda- 16
"Look down now! Look carefully!" cried the guide-goose.
Selookse · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies Senerdownner · adverbmodifies SeTittalook!titta · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencevälcarefullyväl · adverbmodifies Tittaeftercarefullyefter · prepositiondepends on Tittaropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceförargåsenlead gooseförargås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropade "This is what it looks like abroad, from the Baltic coast all the way to the high mountains, and further than that we have never flown."
Sålikeså · adverbmodifies serhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase Såserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of serutlookut · adverbdepends on seriabroadi · prepositionpreposition marking utlandetutlandetabroadutland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of serifrånfromifrån · prepositiondepends on serÖstersjönsthe Baltic'sÖstersjöns · proper noun, nominativesubject of serkustcoastkust · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of serändaall the wayända · adverbmodifies bergentilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking bergendetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of bergenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
högatallhög · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bergenbergenmountainberg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of serochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlängrefurtherlänge · adverbmodifies tillänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase längretilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of faritharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of faritviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of faritaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies faritfarittraveledfara · verb, active, supinecoordinated with ser- 17
When the goslings had seen the plain, the guide-goose flew on to the Öresund coast.
Närwhennär · adverbmodifies settFunctions as a subordinating conjunction, not an adverb.
gässlingarnathe goslingsgässlingarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceslättenplainslätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of settforflewfor · prepositionpreposition marking förargåsenPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
förargåsenlead gooseförargåse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of setttilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ÖresundskustenÖresundskustenthe Öresund coastÖresundskusten · proper noun, nominativemodifies förargåsen Marshy meadows sank slowly toward the water, and long ridges of blackened seaweed lay heaped up on the shores.
Sankamarshysanka · verb, imperative, activeauxiliary of sjönkoängarmeadowsäng · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sjönkosjönkosanksjönko · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasesaktagentlysakta · adverbcomplement of sjönkomottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking vattnetvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of saktaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlångalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vallarvallarridgesvall · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of lågoavofav · prepositionpreposition marking tångsvartnadblackenedsvartnad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tångtångseaweedtång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vallarlågolaylågo · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with sjönkomistagged as a noun; this is the archaic plural past tense of ligga 'to lie' (they lay).
uppvräktaheaped upuppvräkta · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of lågopåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking strändernasträndernashoresstrand · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of uppvräktaIn some places there were high beach ridges, and in others drift-sand fields, where the sand lay tossed up into banks and hillocks.
Påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking ställensomligasomesomlig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ställenställenplacesställe · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of funnosfunnosthere werefunnos · adverbmodifies strandvallarFunnos is the historical plural past form of finnas.
högatallhög · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies strandvallarstrandvallarbeach ridgesstrandvall · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking flygsandsfältandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies flygsandsfältflygsandsfältdrift-sand fieldsflygsandsfält · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with strandvallardärtheredär · adverbmodifies uppkastadsandensandsand · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of låglåglowlåg · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies uppkastaduppkastadtossed upuppkastad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on strandvallariintoi · prepositionpreposition marking bankarbankarbanksbank · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of uppkastadochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkullarhillskull · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with bankarThe fishing villages rose along the shore with a long row of identically built and identically sized little brick houses, with a small lighthouse out on the breakwater and brown nets hanging on the drying ground.
Fiskelägenathe fishing villagesFiskelägena · pronoun, pluralsubject of resteresteroseresa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of restepåalongpå · prepositionpreposition marking strandenstrandenshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of restemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking likabyggdaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of radlånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies radradrowrad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies likabyggdalikabyggdaidentically builtlikabyggda · adjective, nominative, pluraloblique complement of resteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlikastoraidentically sizedlikastora · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies småsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tegelhustegelhusbrick housestegelhus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with likabyggdamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking fyrenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fyrlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fyrfyrlighthousefyr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of resteuteoutsideute · adverbmodifies fyrpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking vågbrytarenvågbrytarenthe breakwatervågbrytar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbrunabrownbrun · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies nätnätnetsnät · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with vågbrytarenhängandehanginghängande · adjective, nominativecomplement of restepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking torkplatsentorkplatsenthe drying groundtorkplatse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of reste- 18
"Look down now! Look carefully!" said Akka.
Selookse · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies Senerdownner · adverbmodifies SeTittalook!titta · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencevälcarefullyväl · adverbmodifies Tittaeftercarefullyefter · prepositiondepends on Tittasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
"This is what it looks like along the coasts abroad."
Sålikeså · adverbmodifies serhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase Såserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of serutlookut · adverbdepends on servidalongvid · prepositionpreposition marking kusterutlandetsforeign countries'utland · noun, genitive, neuter, singularpossessor of kusterkustercoastskust · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of ser- 19
Finally the guide-goose flew to a couple of the towns as well.
Tillfinallytill · prepositionmodifies parsistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase Tillforflewfor · prepositionpreposition marking förargåsenPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
förargåsenlead gooseförargåse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Tillocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies partilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking parettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseavofav · prepositionpreposition marking städernastädernatownsstad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies par They lay with masses of slender factory chimneys, with deep streets between tall, smoke-blackened houses, with large, beautiful parks and promenades, with harbors full of ships, with old fortifications and castles, and with ancient churches.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of lågoSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
lågolaylågo · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasemistagged as a noun; this is the archaic plural past tense of ligga 'to lie' (they lay).
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking massormassormasses/lotsmassa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies lågoavofav · prepositionpreposition marking fabriksskorstenarsmalanarrowsmal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fabriksskorstenarfabriksskorstenarfactory chimneysfabriksskorstenar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies massormedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking gatordjupadeepdjup · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gatorgatorstreetsgata · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of lågomellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking hushögatallhög · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies husröksvärtadesmoke-blackenedröksvärtad · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with högahushouseshus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies gatormedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking parkerstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies parkervackrabeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies parkerparkerparkspark · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies gatorochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpromenaderpromenadespromenad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with parkermedwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of hamnarhamnarharborshamna · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on lågofullafullfull · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hamnaravofav · prepositionpreposition marking fartygfartygshipfartyg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularagent of hamnarmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking fästningsverkgamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fästningsverkfästningsverkfortificationsfästningsverk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of hamnarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslottcastleslott · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with fästningsverkochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking kyrkorålderdomligaold-fashionedålderdomlig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kyrkorkyrkorchurcheskyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with fästningsverk- 20
"This is what the towns abroad look like, though they are much bigger," said the guide-goose.
Sålikeså · adverbmodifies serhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase Såserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceutlandetsforeign countries'utland · noun, genitive, neuter, singularpossessor of städerstädertownsstad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of serutlookut · adverbdepends on serfastthoughfast · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies störreHere used as the concessive conjunction 'though', not the adjective 'firm'.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of störreärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to störremycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies störrestörrebiggerstor · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of sersadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with störreförargåsenlead gooseförargås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade "But these can surely grow, the same as you."
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdessathesedenna · pronoun, pluralsubject of växakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of växavälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies växaväxato growväxa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralparallel clause to växasomassom · pronounintroduces the clause of niThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to desecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
- 21
After Akka had traveled around in this way, she came down in a bog in Vemmenhög district.
Sedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking AkkaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of faritproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of faritfarittraveledfara · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies sättpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättdettathisdenna · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of faritslogcame downslå · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to faritLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slognerdownner · adverbdepends on slogiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking mosseenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of mossemossebogmosse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slogiini · prepositionpreposition marking VemmenhögsVemmenhögsVemmenhög'sVemmenhögs · proper noun, nominativemodifies mossehäradhundred (district)härad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies slog'Härad' is a historical Swedish administrative district, not an adjective; mistagged by the parser.
And the boy couldn't help thinking that she had flown that day all across Skåne to show him that he had a country that could well hold its own against any other out in the world.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låtakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of låtaintenotinte · particlemodifies låtalåtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låtaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of troinfinitive marker before a verb.
trobelievetro · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on låtaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of resthonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of restdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of resthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of restrestflownrest · adverbadverbial clause on låtadespite the tag 'adverb', these are past-participle uses of resa (to travel / to raise).
framforwardfram · adverbdepends on restöveracrossöver · prepositionpreposition marking SkåneSkåneSkåneSkåne · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of restförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of visaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of visainfinitive marker before a verb.
visato showvisa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on resthonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of visaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on låtaettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadesomthatsom · pronounsubject of mätaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
gottwellgott · adverbmodifies mätakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of mätamätahold its ownmäta · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on landsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of mätamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vilketvilketany othervilken · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of mätasomwhatsoeversom · conjunctionpart of the phrase vilkethelstevergärna · adverbpart of the phrase vilketType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
uteoutsideute · adverbmodifies vilketiini · prepositionpreposition marking världenvärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uteBut she hadn't needed to.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of behövthadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of behövthonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of behövtintenotinte · particlemodifies behövtbehövtneeded tobehövt · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceThe boy did not think about whether the country was rich or poor.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies tänktepåaboutpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of riktomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of riktlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of riktvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to riktriktrichrik · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on tänkteelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfattigtpoorfattig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with riktEver since he had seen the first row of willows and the first low half-timbered house, his heart had ached with homesickness.
Alltallall · adverbintroduces the clause of settsedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase Allthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on värktedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of pilvallenförstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies pilvallensurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
pilvallenthe willow rowpilvall · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of settochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of korsvirkeshusetförstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies korsvirkeshusetsurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
lågalowlåg · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies korsvirkeshusetkorsvirkeshusetthe half-timbered housekorsvirkeshusen · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with pilvallenvärkteachedvärka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanshishan · pronounpossessor of hjärtahjärtahearthjärta · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of värkteavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking hemlängtanhemlängtanhomesicknesshemlängtan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hjärta
The particulars
- The text
- Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige, Selma Lagerlöf. The Wonderful Adventures of Nils.
- Translation
- Public-domain Swedish (Lagerlöf, d. 1940; published 1906–07). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
- Words
- Every word of the text, by letter.
- Data
- JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents