Swedish · The Wonderful Adventures of Nils
Hos Holger Nilssons
At Holger Nilsson's
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- 1
It was a day when the weather was hazy and heavy.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of dagvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to dagenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasedåwhendå · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of disigtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of disigtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to disigtdisigthazydisig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on dagochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtungtheavytung · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies väderväderweatherväder · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with disigt The wild geese had been grazing on the great fields around Skurup church and were sitting taking their midday rest, when Akka came up to the boy.
Vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässen · proper noun, nominativesubject of betathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of betatbetathad been grazingbetat · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking åkrarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of åkrarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
storabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies åkrarnaåkrarnafieldsåkr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of betatomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies SkurupsSkurupsSkurup'sSkurups · proper noun, genitivepossessor of kyrkakyrkachurchkyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of betatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsuttosatsutto · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with kyrkaOld plural past tense of sitta ('to sit'), mistagged here as a noun.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhöllotakinghöllo · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with betatmiddagsvilamidday restmiddagsvila · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies höllodåwhendå · adverbintroduces the clause of komAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of komproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
komcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on betatframforwardfram · adverbdepends on komtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kom“It looks as though we're going to have calm weather for a while now,” she said, “and I think we'll be crossing the Baltic tomorrow.”
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceutlookut · adverbdepends on sersomassom · pronounintroduces the clause of fåThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fåskullewere going toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfåhavefå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on serlugntcalmlylugnd · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies väderused adverbially, 'calm/quiet'.
väderweatherväder · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fånunownu · adverbmodifies tidenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fåsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to serhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkertänkerthinktänka · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of faraviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of farakommerwillkomma · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of faraattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of farafaragofara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of tänkersome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
överacrossöver · prepositionpreposition marking ÖstersjönÖstersjönthe Baltic SeaÖstersjön · proper noun, nominativemodifies faraitomorrowi · prepositionmodifies faramorgonmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase i—“I see,” said the boy shortly, for his throat had tightened so that he could not speak.
JasåI seeJaså · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseInterjection mistagged as a noun; expresses mild surprise or acknowledgment and its English rendering shifts with tone.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Jasåpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies kortkortshortkort · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of sadeförforför · prepositionpreposition marking strupenstrupenthroatstrup · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sadesnördeshad tightenedsnör · verb, past, indicative, passivecomplement of sadesammantogethersamman · adverbdepends on snördespåhispå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of snördessåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of talaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talaintenotinte · particlemodifies talakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of talatalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sadeHe had, after all, still been hoping that he would have been freed from the spell while he was still in Skåne.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hoppatshadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hoppatsnogprobablynog · adverbmodifies hoppatsändåstilländå · adverbmodifies hoppatshoppatshopedhoppas · verb, passive, supinemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivitskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivithahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hoppatslöstreleasedlösa · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitMistagged as an adjective; 'löst' is the past participle of 'lösa' (to release, free).
urout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking förtrollningenförtrollningenenchantmentförtrollning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of löstmedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blivitkvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on variini · prepositionpreposition marking SkåneSkåneSkåneSkåne · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of var- 2
“We're fairly close to Västra Vemmenhög now,” said Akka, “and I thought you might like to go home for a while.
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of Västraärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to Västranogprobablynog · adverbmodifies Västratämligenfairlytämligen · adverbmodifies Västranäraclosenära · adverbmodifies VästraType lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära.
VästrawesternVästra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies Vemmenhögused only as part of the place name Västra Vemmenhög.
VemmenhögVemmenhögVemmenhög · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadenunownu · adverbmodifies Vemmenhögsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of sadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of faraduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of farakanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies faravillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activepossessor of farafaragofara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of sadesome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
hemhomehem · adverbmodifies farapåforpå · prepositionpreposition marking stundenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hem It will be a long time before you get to see any of your own people again.”
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with dröjakommerwillkomma · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of dröjaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of dröjainfinitive marker before a verb.
dröjato delaydröja · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of seduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sefårget tofå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on dröjanågonanynågon · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of seavofav · prepositionpreposition marking dinadethoseen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of dinaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
dinayourdu · pronoun, pluralmodifies någonThis entry is really the possessive "dina" (plural agreement), mistagged under the lemma du.
—“It's probably best to leave it alone,” said the boy, but it could be heard in his voice that he was glad of the suggestion.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with bästärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to bästnogprobablynog · adverbmodifies bästbästbestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativehead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of låtainfinitive marker before a verb.
låtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitivedepends on bästblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivedirect object of låtasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to bästpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of passive hördeshördeswas heardhör · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with sadePassive past of höra, surface hördes.
påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking röstenröstenvoiceröst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hördesattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blevhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sadegladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevöveroföver · prepositionpreposition marking förslagetförslagetproposalförslag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of blev—“If the gander stays here with us, then surely nothing bad can happen,” said Akka.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stannargåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of stannarmorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
stannarstaysstanna · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on skehärherehär · adverbmodifies stannarhoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of stannarsåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on skekancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of skejusurelyju · adverbmodifies skeingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of olyckaolyckamisfortuneolycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skeskehappenske · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to skeAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
“I think you ought to find out how things stand at home.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckertyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of taduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tabordeought toböra · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of taBare borde is simple past modal ("ought to"/"should"); the perfect sense ("ought to have") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth ("borde släppa taget") has no ha and translates as plain "ought to."
tato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of tyckerredafind outreda · adverbdepends on tapart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påoutpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of harhurhowhur · adverbmodifies hardetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of harhemmaat homehemma · adverbmodifies harhoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of harPerhaps you can help them in some way, even though you don't become human again.”
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hjälpakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hjälpamåhändaperhapsmåhända · verb, active, infinitivemodifies hjälpahjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of hjälpapåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättnågotsomenågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hjälpafastänalthoughfastän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blirduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blirintenotinte · particlemodifies blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hjälpamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blir—“Yes, you're right about that, Mother Akka.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on hardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
rättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hariabouti · prepositionpreposition marking mormormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies AkkaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of harproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
I ought to have thought of that before,” said the boy, growing quite eager.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tänktbordeought toböra · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänktBare borde is simple past modal ("ought to"/"should"); the perfect sense ("ought to have") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth ("borde släppa taget") has no ha and translates as plain "ought to."
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of tänkttänktthoughttänka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencepåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking förutförutbeforeförut · adverboblique complement of tänktsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tänktpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadeheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies ivrigivrigeagerivrig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blev- 3
In the next moment he and the gander were on their way to Holger Nilsson's, and it wasn't long before Akka landed behind the stone wall that ran around the crofter's place.
Iini · prepositionpreposition marking ögonblicknästanextnästa · adjective, nominativemodifies ögonblickögonblickmomentögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of vorovorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, singularhead of the phrasePast plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of voroochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförargåsenlead gooseförargåse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hanpåonpå · prepositiondepends on vorovägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase påtilltotill · prepositionpart of the phrase påHolgerHolgerHolger · proper noun, nominativemodifies NilssonsGiven name, father Holger Nilsson.
NilssonsNilsson'sNilssons · proper noun, nominativesubject of voroochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of dröjdedröjdewas long in comingdröj · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with voroIdiomatic: "det dröjde inte länge" = "it was not long before."
intenotinte · particlemodifies längelängelonglänge · adverbmodifies dröjdeförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies Akkaused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
AkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of slogproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
sloglandedslå · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to dröjdeLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
nerdownner · adverbdepends on slogbakombehindbakom · prepositionpreposition marking stengärdsgårdenstengärdsgårdenstone wallstengärdsgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slogsomthatsom · pronounsubject of gickThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
gickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on slogruntaroundrunt · adverbmodifies gickomaroundom · prepositionpreposition marking husmansställethusmansställetcrofter's placehusmansställ · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gick “How strange, how everything here is just the same,” said the boy, and climbed quickly up onto the fence so he could look around.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with besynnerligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to besynnerligtbesynnerligtstrangebesynnerlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of liktallteverythingall · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to vadsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativepart of the phrase vadliktthe samelikt · adverbadverbial clause on besynnerligthärherehär · adverbmodifies liktsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to besynnerligtpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationklättradeclimbedklättra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadehastigtquicklyhastig · adverbmodifies klättradeuppupupp · adverbdepends on klättradepåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking gärdsgårdengärdsgårdenfencegärdsgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of klättradeförso thatför · prepositionintroduces the clause of seatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
kunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of seomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies se“It doesn't feel like a single day has passed since I sat here and watched you come flying up in the air.”
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckertyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies tyckerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dagdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of dagärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to dagenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of tyckersedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sattjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tyckerhärherehär · adverbdepends on sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattpast tense of se, 'to see.'
eryouni · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of sågkommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of sågflygandeflyingflyga · adjective, nominativemodifies oppeoppeup thereoppe · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kommaColloquial adverb 'oppe' (dialectal for 'uppe'), mistagged here as a noun.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komma- 4
“I wonder if your father has a gun?” said Akka suddenly.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undrarundrarwondersundra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceomifom · prepositionintroduces the clause of hardinyourdu · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of farfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on undrarenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bössabössagunbössa · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of harsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
plötsligtsuddenlyplötslig · adverbcomplement of sade —“Yes, he probably does,” said the boy.
Jowell/yesjo · interjectiondepends on harused to affirm or answer a question, often contradicting an implied doubt.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harnogprobablynog · adverbmodifies harsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to harpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade“It was on account of that gun that I stayed home instead of going to church that Sunday.”
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejustjustjust · adverbmodifies varförforför · prepositionpreposition marking bössansbössansgun'sbössa · noun, genitive, common gender, singularoblique complement of justskullsakeskull · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on bössansonly occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'.
somthatsom · pronoundirect object of stannadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stannadestannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on varhemmaat homehemma · adverbmodifies stannadeiinsteadi · prepositionintroduces the clause of gåställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase iförofför · prepositionpart of the phrase iatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gåinfinitive marker before a verb.
gågogå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stannadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking kyrkankyrkanchurchkyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gådeniten · pronoun, common gender, singulardeterminer of söndagendärtheredär · adverbpart of the phrase densöndagenSundaysöndag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gå—“Then I don't dare stand here waiting for you,” said Akka.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies törstörsdarestöra · verb, present, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive törsintenotinte · particlemodifies ståståstandstå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of törshärherehär · adverbmodifies ståochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationväntato waitvänta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with ståpåforpå · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of väntasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to törsAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of sadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
“It will be best if you come and meet us at Smygehuk early tomorrow morning; then you can stay home overnight.”
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebästbestbra · adverbmodifies blirattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommerduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on bliochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmötermeetsmöta · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with kommerossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of mötervidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking SmygehukSmygehukSmygehukSmygehuk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of möteritomorrowi · prepositionmodifies kommermorgonmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase ibittidaearlybittida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iAn archaic adverb meaning early, especially early in the morning.
såthenså · adverbadverbial clause on blifårcanfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to blirkvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on blihemmaat homehemma · adverbmodifies bliöverovernightöver · prepositionpreposition marking nattennattennightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hemma—“No, don't leave yet, Mother Akka!” said the boy, and jumped hastily down from the fence.
Nejnonej · interjectionhead of the phraseresleaveres · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Nejintenotinte · particlemodifies Nejänyetän · adverbmodifies Nejmormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with NejAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Nejproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Nejpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsprangransprang · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadehastigtquicklyhastig · adverbmodifies sprangnerdownner · adverbmodifies sprangfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking gärdsgårdengärdsgårdenfencegärdsgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sprangHe didn't know how it came about, but he was struck by a feeling that something was going to happen to the wild goose or to himself, so that they would never meet again.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies visstehurhowhur · adverbmodifies komdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of visstesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kommenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickwas struckfå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vissteenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of känslakänslafeelingkänsla · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickavofav · prepositionintroduces the clause of händaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of händadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with händaskullewas going toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of händahändato happenhända · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fickvildgåsenthe wild goosevildgåse · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularcoordinated with vildgåsensjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying honomnågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singularcoordinated with vildgåsensåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of råkasattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sådetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of passive råkasaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies råkasskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkasråkasmeet againråka · verb, passive, infinitiveadverbial clause on fickmeraagainmycket · adverbmodifies råkas“You can surely see that I'm sorrowful, because I can't get my proper shape back,” he went on.
Niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sersecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
serseesse · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenogsurelynog · adverbmodifies serattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bedrövadjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bedrövadärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to bedrövadbedrövaddistressedbedrövad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of serdärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of fåattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därförjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåintenotinte · particlemodifies fåkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfågetfå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on bedrövadminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of skapnadpossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
rättarighträtt · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies skapnadskapnadshapeskapnad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåtillbakabacktillbaka · adverbdepends on fåfortforwent onfortfor · adverbparallel clause to serMistagged as adverb; this is the past tense of the verb 'fortfara', meaning 'continued/went on'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fortfor“But I want to tell you that I don't regret having gone along with you this spring.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceeryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sägaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ångrarjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ångrarintenotinte · particlemodifies ångrarångrarregretsångra · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of sägaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of följdejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of följdeföljdefollowedfölja · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of ångrarmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of följdeObject form er of the plural/formal pronoun ni.
ithis springi · prepositionmodifies följdevåraslast springvåras · nounpart of the phrase iFixed phrase 'i våras' means 'last spring'; mistagged as bare noun.
No, I would rather never become human again than not have made that journey.”
Nejnonej · interjectionhead of the phrasejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villvillwantsvilja · verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of blihellreratherhellre · adverbmodifies villaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies blimeragainmycket · adverbmodifies bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to Nejmänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bliänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåttattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåttjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåttintenotinte · particlemodifies fåttskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåtthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of fåttfåtthave madefå · auxiliary verb, active, supineadverbial clause on bli"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
göramakegöra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fåttdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of resanresanjourneyresa · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of göraAkka drew in a breath a couple of times before she answered.
AkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of sögproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
sögdrew insöga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceSurface 'sög' is the past tense of suga (to suck/draw in), though tagged as present.
ininin · adverbdepends on sögluftairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sögettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of söginnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of svaradehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svaradesvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activeclause modifying gånger“There's something I ought to have spoken to you about before, but since you weren't going to return to your own people, I thought there was no hurry.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sakärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to sakenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of saksakthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronoundirect object of talatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talatbordeought toböra · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of talatBare borde is simple past modal ("ought to"/"should"); the perfect sense ("ought to have") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth ("borde släppa taget") has no ha and translates as plain "ought to."
hahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of talattalattalkedtala · verb, active, supinedepends on sakmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talatomaboutom · prepositionintroduces the clause of förutförutbeforeförut · adverbadverbial clause on talatmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationeftersomsinceeftersom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vändaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändaintenotinte · particlemodifies vändaskullewere going toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vändavändato turnvända · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tycktetillbakabacktillbaka · adverbdepends on vändatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking dinadethoseen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of dinaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
dinayourdu · pronoun, pluraloblique complement of vändaThis entry is really the possessive "dina" (plural agreement), mistagged under the lemma du.
tycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sakjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of brådskadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of brådskaintenotinte · particlemodifies brådskavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to brådskanågonnonågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of brådskabrådskahastebrådska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of tyckteIt can never hurt, though, to have it said.”
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with skadakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of skadaändåthoughändå · adverbmodifies skadaaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies skadaskadahurtskada · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hainfinitive marker before a verb.
hato haveha · verb, active, infinitivedepends on skadadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hasagtsaidsäga · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of haReally the supine 'sagt' of the verb säga ('to say'), mistagged here as an adjective.
—“You know well enough that I'm glad to do as you wish,” said the boy.
Niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
vetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenogwell enoughnog · adverbmodifies vetattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of görajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of göragärnagladgärna · adverbmodifies göraType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
villwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of göragöradogöra · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of veteryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of göraObject form er of the plural/formal pronoun ni.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking viljesviljesas you wishviljes · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of görasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vetpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade—“If you've learned anything good from us, Thumbietot, then perhaps you don't think human beings ought to have the earth all to themselves,” said the gander solemnly.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lärtduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lärtharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lärtlärtlearnedlära · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on tyckerdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of lärtnågotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ossgottgoodgod · adverbpart of the phrase någothoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of lärtTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with ossthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
såthenså · adverbadverbial clause on kanskekanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies tyckerduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckerintenotinte · particlemodifies tyckertyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ensammamänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of ensammabörought toböra · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of ensammavarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to ensammaensammaaloneensam · adjective, nominative, pluralclausal complement of tyckerpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking jordenjordenearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ensammasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to tyckerförargåsenlead gooseförargåse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadehögtidligtsolemnlyhögtidlig · adverbdirect object of sade“Consider that you have a great country, and that you could well afford to leave a few bare skerries and a few shallow lakes and marshy bogs and some barren mountains and remote forests to us poor creatures, where we might be left in peace!
TänkthinkTänk · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencepåaboutpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of harattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of harniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
harhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on Tänkettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of landstortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of harochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of haniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
nogwellnog · adverbmodifies hakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with harrådadviceråd · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of haatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of lämnainfinitive marker before a verb.
lämnaleavelämna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hanågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of skärnaknabarenakn · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies skärskärskerriesskär · noun, common genderdirect object of lämnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of sjöargrundashallowgrund · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sjöarsjöarlakessjö · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with skärochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsumpigamarshysumpig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies mossarmossarbogsmoss · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with sjöarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fjällödebarrenöde · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase någrafjällmountainfjäll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sjöarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationavlägsnaremoteavlägsen · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies skogarskogarforestsskog · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of lämnaåttoåt · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of lämnafattigapoorfattig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies djurdjuranimalsdjur · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of lämnadärtheredär · adverbmodifies fingeviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fingefingemight get tofinge · verb, past, subjunctive, activerelative clause on djurArchaic past subjunctive of få ("to get/be allowed").
varabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to frediini · prepositionpreposition marking fredfredpeacefred · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fingeAll my life I have been hunted and pursued.
Iall my lifei · prepositionpreposition marking tidallallall · determiner, common gender, singularpart of the phrase Iminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of tidpossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
tidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of jagadharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of jagadjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of jagadvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to jagadjagadhuntedjaga · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförföljdpursuedförföljd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with jagadMistagged as a noun; it is the past participle used adjectivally, 'pursued/hunted'.
It would be good to know that there was a refuge for one such as me, too.”
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gottvorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to gottgottgoodgott · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vetainfinitive marker before a verb.
vetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitivedepends on gottattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of funnesdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with funnesfunnesthere wasfunnes · verb, passive, supineclausal complement of vetaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fristadfristadrefugefristad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of funnesocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies sådanförforför · prepositionpreposition marking sådanenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sådansådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies funnessån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
somassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of jagjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to sådan- 5
“I would certainly be glad if I could help you with this,” said the boy, “but I'll probably never have any power among human beings.”
Nogcertainlynog · adverbmodifies gladskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gladjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gladhahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of gladvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to gladgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hjälpajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hjälpahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hjälpakunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of hjälpahjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gladeryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälpaObject form er of the plural/formal pronoun ni.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of hjälpasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to gladpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fårfårwill havefå · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sadevälprobablyväl · adverbmodifies fåraldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies fårnågonanynågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of maktmaktpowermakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fårblandamongbland · prepositionpreposition marking människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies makt —“No, here we are talking as if we would never meet again,” said Akka, “and yet we'll surely see each other again tomorrow.
Nejnonej · interjectionhead of the phraseviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to Nejhärherehär · adverbmodifies stårochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtalartalkstala · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with stårsomas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of träffasomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of träffasviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of träffasaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies träffasskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of träffasträffasmeetträffas · verb, passive, infinitiveclausal complement of talarmeragainmycket · adverbmodifies träffassadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to NejAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of sadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sadevälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies kommerändåyetändå · adverbmodifies mötasatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of mötasinfinitive marker before a verb.
mötasmeetmötas · verb, passive, infinitiveadverbial clause on kommeritomorrowi · prepositionmodifies mötasmorgonmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iNow I must go back to my own.”
Nunownu · adverbmodifies skaskawillskola · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceModal auxiliary 'ska', shall/will/going to.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of farafaragofara · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skasome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
tillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies faratilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking minadethoseen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of minaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
minamyjag · pronoun, pluraloblique complement of tillbakaThis entry is really the possessive "mina" (plural agreement), mistagged under the lemma jag.
She raised her wings, but came back once more, stroked her bill a couple of times up and down over Thumbietot, and then flew away at last on her way.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lyftelyfteliftedlyfte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevingarnathe wingsvingarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of lyftelemma should be vinge 'wing'.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lyfteåteragainåter · adverbdepends on komströkstrokedströk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with komPast tense of stryka, mistagged as an adjective.
ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of uppåtmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking näbbennäbbenbeaknäbbe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gångeruppåtupwarduppåt · adverbmodifies komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationneråtdownwardneråt · adverbmodifies komTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativesubject of flögthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationflögflewflög · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesåthenså · adverbmodifies flögäntligenfinallyäntligen · adverbmodifies flögsinawaysig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of vägvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of flög- 6
It was broad daylight, but not a soul stirred about the farm, so the boy could go wherever he liked.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of dagvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to dagljusanbroadljusan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies dagLjusan survives chiefly in the fixed expression ljusan dag, ‘broad daylight.’
dagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of människamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rörderördestirredröra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with dagsigoneselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of rördepåaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking gårdengårdenfarmgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rördesåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of gåattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on rördevartwherevart · adverbmodifies villehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villevillewantedvilja · verb, past, indicative, activein apposition to gå He hurried to the cowshed, for he knew that the cows would give him the best news.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skyndadeskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking kostalletkostalletcow shedkostall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of skyndadeförforför · prepositionpreposition marking kornahoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking kornakornathe cowska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vissteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfåreceivefå · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of visstebästbestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies beskedbeskedanswerbesked · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fåIt looked dismal in the barn.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
bedrövligtwretchedlybedrövlig · adverbmodifies sågutlookut · adverbdepends on sågiini · prepositionpreposition marking lagårdenlagårdencow houselagård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utIn the spring there had been three fine cattle there, but now only a single cow stood there.
Iin the springi · prepositionmodifies funnitsvåraslast springvåras · nounpart of the phrase IFixed phrase 'i våras' means 'last spring'; mistagged as bare noun.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of funnitsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with funnitsfunnitsexisted/been foundfunnits · verb, passive, supinemain verb of the sentencetrethreetre · numeral, nominativequantifies kreaturpräktigasplendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kreaturkreaturcattlekreatur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive funnitsdärtheredär · adverbmodifies funnitsmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with funnitsdärtheredär · adverbmodifies stodbarajustbara · adverbmodifies stodenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularquantifies koendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativemodifies kokocowko · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of stodIt was Majros, and it could be seen on her that she longed for her companions.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of Majrosvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to MajrosMajrosMajrosMajros · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseName of a cow.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of passive märktesmärkteswas evidentmärktes · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with Majrospåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of märktesattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of längtadehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of längtadelängtadelongedlängta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on märktesefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking kamratersinahersig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of kamraterkamratercompanionskamrat · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of längtadeShe hung her head and had scarcely touched a wisp of the fodder lying in front of her.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hängdehängdehunghängde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking huvudethuvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hängdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of rörtknappthardlyknappt · adverbmodifies rörtrörttouchedröra · verb, active, supinecoordinated with hängdeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of stråstråwispstrå · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of rörtOne example uses 'strå' collectively as 'straw', distinct from the countable 'not a single blade' sense in the other three.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking matenmatenfoodmat · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stråsomthatsom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
låglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on matenframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of låg- 7
“Good day, Majros!” said the boy, and ran fearlessly into the stall.
Goddaggood dayGoddag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseMajrosMajrosMajros · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with GoddagName of a cow.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsprangransprangma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadeLemma is corrupted; surfaces are only "sprang" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma.
utanwithoututan · prepositionpreposition marking fruktanfruktanfearfruktan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sprangininin · adverbmodifies sprangiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking båsetbåsetstallbås · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of in “How are Mother and Father?
Hurhowhur · adverbmodifies stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with stårtillgoingtill · prepositiondepends on stårmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking mormormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stårochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with morHow are the cat and the geese and the hens, and what have you done with Stjärna and Gull-Lilja?”
Hurhowhur · adverbmodifies mårmåraremå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekattencatkatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of mårochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with kattengässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhönsenhenshönse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with kattenlemma is the defined plural form 'hönsen' (the hens).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularmodifies gjortthe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjortduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjortgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supinecoordinated with måravwithav · prepositionpreposition marking StjärnaStjärnaStjärnastjärna · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of gjortochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationGull-LiljaGull-LiljaGull-Lilja · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with StjärnaProper name of a goat.
- 8
When Majros heard the boy's voice, she gave a start, and it looked as though she meant to butt him.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hördeMajrosMajrosMajros · proper noun, nominativesubject of hördeName of a cow.
hördeheardhörde · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on rycktepojkensboy'spojk · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of röströstvoiceröst · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hörderycktetuggedrycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rycktetillsuddenlytill · prepositiondepends on ryckteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with rycktepast tense of se, 'to see.'
utlookut · adverbdepends on sågsomassom · pronounsubject of stångaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haskullemeant toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of stångaämnatintended toämna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of stångastångabuttstång · adjective, nominative, singularadverbial clause on såghonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of stånga But she wasn't as fierce now as before; instead she took the time to look at Nils Holgersson before she struck.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of häftigvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to häftigintenotinte · particlemodifies häftigsåasså · adverbmodifies häftighäftigviolenthäftig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasenunownu · adverbmodifies häftigsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förrförrbeforeförr · adverbadverbial clause on häftigutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gavgavtookge · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with häftigLight-verb idioms in the examples: "gav ... till ett klagoskrik" = let out a cry; "gav sig tid" = took the time — not literal "gave" in either case.
sigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of gavtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gavatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gavpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking NilsNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of seHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilsinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stöttehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stöttestöttestruckstötte · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gavtillagainsttill · prepositiondepends on stötteHe was just as small as when he had gone away, and he was dressed the same way, but all the same he was quite unlike himself.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of litenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to litenlikaequallylika · adverbmodifies litenlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomassom · pronounintroduces the clause of vägThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking väghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase närforhad gonefor · prepositionpreposition marking vägPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
sinawaysig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of vägvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of litenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kläddvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to kläddklädddressedklädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with litenpåsame waypå · prepositionpreposition marking sättsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kläddmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with litensighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of varändåall the sameändå · adverbmodifies varalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies olikolikunlikeolik · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of varThe Nils Holgersson who had gone off in the spring had had a heavy, slow gait and a drawling voice and sleepy eyes, but the one who came back was light and nimble, quick of speech, and his eyes were ones that shone and flashed.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of NilsNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativesubject of haftHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilssomwhosom · pronounsubject of faritThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of faritfarittraveledfara · verb, active, supinerelative clause on Nilsbortawaybort · adverbmodifies faritiin the springi · prepositionmodifies faritvåraslast springvåras · nounpart of the phrase iFixed phrase 'i våras' means 'last spring'; mistagged as bare noun.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gångtungheavytung · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gångochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlångsamslowlångsam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with tunggånggaitgång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haftochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsläpigdrawlingsläpig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies röströstvoiceröst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with gångochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsömnigasleepysömnig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ögonögoneyesögon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of haftmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of lättsomwhosom · pronounsubject of komThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
komcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on denigenagainigen · adverbdepends on komvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to lättlättlightlätt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with haftch01-p14 'ett lätt buller' renders as 'a faint noise' in the translation, a distinct sense from weight/air-lightness or ease.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvignimblevig · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with lättraskquickrask · pronoun, pluralcoordinated with lättiini · prepositionpreposition marking talettaletspeechtal · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of raskochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationögoneyesögon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with lätthadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hafthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadesomthatsom · pronounsubject of lysteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
lysteshonelysa · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to haftochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblixtradeflashedblixtrad · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with lysteHe carried himself so smartly that one had to feel respect for him, small as he was, and although he himself did not look happy, whoever saw him grew happy.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hållningsåsoså · adverbmodifies käckkäcksmartkäck · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hållninghållningbearinghållning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåmanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåmåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfåfeel respectfå · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying hållningrespektrespectrespekt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåförforför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fåsåasså · adverbmodifies litenlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of såghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of litenvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to litenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfastänalthoughfastän · subordinating conjunctioncopula linking to litenhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of litenintenotinte · particlemodifies litensjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies litensågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hadepast tense of se, 'to see.'
gladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of sågutlookut · adverbdepends on sågblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hadedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of blevgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevsomwhoeversom · pronounsubject of sågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
sågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on gladpast tense of se, 'to see.'
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of såg- 9
“Moo,” lowed Majros.
MuumooMuu · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of råmaderåmadelowedråma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceMajrosMajrosMajros · proper noun, nominativedirect object of råmadeName of a cow.
“They said that you had changed, but I haven't been able to believe it.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivitduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineclausal complement of sadeannorlundadifferentannorlunda · adverbmodifies blivitmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of troharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of trointenotinte · particlemodifies trokunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of trotrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with blivitdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of troWelcome home, Nils Holgersson, welcome home!
VälkommenwelcomeVälkommen · proper noun, nominativehead of the phrasehemhomehem · adverbmodifies VälkommenNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativein apposition to VälkommenHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilsvälkommenwelcomevälkomm · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Nilshemhomehem · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with NilsThis is the first happy moment I've had in ever so long.”
Detthisden · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of stundenhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase Detvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to stundendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundenförstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies stundensurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
gladagladglad · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies stundenstundenwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronoundirect object of haftThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haftharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinerelative clause on stundenpåinpå · prepositiondepends on haftaldrigneveraldrig · adverbpart of the phrase påsåsoså · adverbmodifies längelängeever so longlänge · adverbmodifies haft—“Thank you, Majros!” said the boy, and felt truly glad to be so well received.
Tackthankstack · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of haskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of haduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceMajrosMajrosMajros · proper noun, nominativedirect object of haName of a cow.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of känderiktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies gladgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of kändeöveraboutöver · prepositionintroduces the clause of bliatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bliinfinitive marker before a verb.
blibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gladsåsoså · adverbmodifies välvälwellväl · adverbmodifies blimottagenreceivedmottag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bliMislabeled as a noun; mottagen is the past participle of mottaga ("to receive").
“Now tell me how Father and Mother are doing!”
TalatellTala · numeral, nominativehead of the phraseImperative of 'tala' (to speak/tell), mistagged as a numeral.
nunownu · adverbmodifies Talaomtellom · prepositionintroduces the clause of stårhurhowhur · adverbmodifies stårdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activeclause modifying Talatillgoingtill · prepositiondepends on stårmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking farfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stårochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with far- 10
“They've had nothing but sorrows ever since you went your way,” said Majros.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of haftharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of haftintenotinte · particlemodifies hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceannatanything elseannan · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies haftänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase annatsorgersorrowssorg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of haftalltallall · adverbmodifies sadesedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase alltduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase alltforwentfor · prepositionpreposition marking vägPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
dinyourdu · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of vägvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of alltsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on haftMajrosMajrosMajros · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeName of a cow.
“Worst of all is that costly horse, who has stood there eating all summer.
Allraof allAllra · adverbmodifies värstvärstworstvärst · adverbhead of the phraseärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activepart of the phrase värstdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with värstmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hästendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hästendyracostlydyr · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies hästenhästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of värstsomwhosom · pronounsubject of ståttThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of ståttståttstoodstå · verb, active, supinerelative clause on hästenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationätiteatenäta · verb, active, supinecoordinated with ståtthelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sommarensommarensummersommar · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ståttYour father doesn't want to shoot him, and he can't get him sold either.
DinyourDin · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of farfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckertyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies tyckerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skjutahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skjutavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of skjutaskjutashootskjuta · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of tyckerdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of skjutaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies fåkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåfågetfå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with tyckerdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of såldsåldsoldsåld · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of fåIt's because of the horse that both Stjärna and Gull-Lilja have had to leave here.”
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of hästensärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to hästensförforför · prepositionpreposition marking hästenshästenshorse'shäst · noun, genitive, common gender, singularhead of the phraseskullsakeskull · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on hästensonly occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'.
somthatsom · pronounintroduces the clause of kommitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
bådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationStjärnaStjärnaStjärna · proper noun, nominativesubject of kommitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationGull-LiljaGull-LiljaGull-Lilja · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with StjärnaProper name of a goat.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinerelative clause on hästenshärifrånfrom herehärifrån · adverbdepends on kommit- 11
There was another matter the boy really wanted to know, but he was too embarrassed to ask outright.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sakvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to sakenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sakannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies saksakthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronoundirect object of vetaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetaegentligenreallyegentligen · adverbmodifies vetavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vetavetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitivedepends on sakmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sakförlägenembarrassedförläg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies varatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of frågainfinitive marker before a verb.
frågato askfråga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on varrentpurelyren · adverbmodifies ututoutrightut · adverbmodifies fråga So instead he said: “Mother must have been quite sad indeed when she found that Morten Goosey-Gander had flown away?”
Därförsodärför · adverbmodifies sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeMormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevälmustväl · adverbmodifies blevalltallall · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies brabraquitebra · adjective, nominativemodifies ledsenledsensadledse · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevLemma normalized to older form 'ledse'; modern spelling is 'ledsen'.
närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sefickfoundfå · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on blevattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bortflugenMårtenMortenMårten · proper noun, nominativesubject of bortflugenthe studio translation renders this name as 'Morten'.
gåskarlgandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Mårtenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to bortflugenbortflugenflown awaybortflug · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of se- 12
“I don't think she would have grieved so much over the gander if she had known how it happened when he went his way.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies trorattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of trorsörjtgrievedsörjt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hasåsoså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketso muchmycket · adverbmodifies haföroverför · prepositionpreposition marking gåskarlengåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of hamorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vetathonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vetatvetatknownveta · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hahurhowhur · adverbmodifies gickdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of vetattillabouttill · prepositiondepends on gicknärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking väghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vägforwentfor · prepositionpreposition marking vägPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
sinawaysig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of vägvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gick Now what she complains of most is that it was her own son who slipped away from home and took the gander with him.”
Nunownu · adverbmodifies klagarklagarcomplainsklaga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of klagarmestmostmycket · adverbmodifies klagaravofav · prepositionpreposition marking alltalltallall · adverboblique complement of klagaröveroföver · prepositionpart of the phrase alltattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sondetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sonvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to sonhennesherhon · pronounpossessor of sonpossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
egenownegen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sonsonsonson · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on klagarsomwhosom · pronounsubject of smögThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
smögcrept/slippedsmöga · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on sonPast tense of smyga ('to creep/slip'); lemma mislabeled 'smöga'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of smöghemifrånfrom homehemifrån · adverbmodifies smögochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with klagargåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of togmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of tog- 13
“I see, she thinks I stole the gander?” said the boy.
JasåI seeJaså · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseInterjection mistagged as a noun; expresses mild surprise or acknowledgment and its English rendering shifts with tone.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to Jasåattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of staljagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stalstalstolestal · noun, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of trorPast tense of the verb 'stjäla' (to steal); mistagged as a noun.
bortawaybort · adverbdepends on stalgåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stalsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade —“What else should she think?”
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on skulleannatelseannan · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on skulleskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trohonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trotrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentence—“Father and Mother probably imagine that I've been roaming about all summer like some tramp.”
Farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of inbillarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Farinbillarimaginesinbilla · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of inbillarvälprobablyväl · adverbmodifies inbillarattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of drivitjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of drivitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of drivitdrivitroamed aboutdrivit · verb, active, supineclausal complement of inbillaromkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies drivitithis summeri · prepositionpreposition marking sommarsommarsummersommar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of drivitsomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of landstrykareenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of landstrykareannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies landstrykarelandstrykaretramplandstrykare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sommar—“They think things have gone badly for you,” said Majros, “and they've grieved for you the way one grieves when the dearest thing one owns has been lost.”
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of tänkertänkerthinktänka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stårdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of tänkerillabadlyilla · adverbmodifies stårtillgoingtill · prepositiondepends on stårmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stårsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to tänkerMajrosMajrosMajros · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeName of a cow.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sadesörjtgrievedsörjt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haröverforöver · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of harsåsomassåsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sörjermanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sörjersörjergrievedsörja · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sadenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionmodifies sadedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of kärastekärastedearestkär · adjective, nominative, superlativepart of the phrase närmanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåttägerownsäga · verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttlostgå · verb, active, supinerelative clause on kärasteförloratlostförlora · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of gått- 14
The boy went quite hastily out of the cowshed when he had heard this, and made his way into the stable.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies hastigthastigtquicklyhastig · adverbmodifies gickutoutut · adverbdepends on gickurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking kostalletkostalletcow shedkostall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gicknärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hörahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörafåttheardfå · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of höra"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
hörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gickdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of höraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbegavset offbegav · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickReflexive 'begav sig' = 'made his/her way, set off'; lemma should be 'begiva'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of begavininin · adverbmodifies begaviintoi · prepositionpreposition marking häststallethäststallethorse stablehäststall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of begav It was small, but neat and fine.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with litetvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to litetlitetlittleliten · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsnyggtneatsnygg · adverbcoordinated with litetochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfintneatfin · adverbcoordinated with snyggtIt could be seen in everything that Holger Nilsson had wanted to arrange it so that the newcomer would be comfortable.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with märktesmärkteswas evidentmärktea · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentencepåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking alltingalltingeverythingallting · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of märktesattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of inrättaHolgerHolgerHolger · proper noun, nominativemodifies NilssonGiven name, father Holger Nilsson.
NilssonNilssonNilsson · proper noun, nominativesubject of inrättasurname, as in Holger Nilsson, Nils's father.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of inrättavelatwanted tovela · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of inrättainrättaarrangeinrätta · verb, active, infinitivedepends on märktesdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of inrättasåsoså · adverbmodifies inrättaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of trivasnykomlingennewcomernykomling · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trivasskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trivastrivasto thrivetrivas · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of inrättaInside stood a splendid, handsome horse who fairly gleamed with good health.
Därinnein theredärinne · adverbmodifies stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of stodpräktigsplendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hästgrannsplendidgrann · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with präktighästhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodsomwhosom · pronounsubject of skenThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
riktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies skenskengleamedsk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of stodLemma/surface 'sken' is mostly the past tense of 'skina' (shone); one occurrence is the noun 'glow, light'.
avwithav · prepositionpreposition marking välmågavälmågagood healthvälmåga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sken- 15
“Good day in the stable!” said the boy.
Goddaggood dayGoddag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseiini · prepositionpreposition marking stalletstalletstablestall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies Goddagsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade “I've heard there's supposed to be a sick horse here.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörtharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörthörtheardhöra · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of finnasdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnasskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of finnasfinnasto existfinnas · verb, infinitiveclausal complement of hörtenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hästsjuksicksjuk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hästhästhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of finnashärherehär · adverbmodifies finnasSurely it can't be you, looking as healthy and well as you do?”
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varavälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies varaaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies varavarabevara · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on varasomwhosom · pronounsubject of serThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
serseesse · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on dusåasså · adverbmodifies friskfriskhealthyfrisk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of serochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvälmåendewellvälmående · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with friskutlookut · adverbdepends on serThe horse turned his head and looked closely at the boy.
Hästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändevändeturnedvän · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceReally the past tense 'vände' of the verb vända ('to turn'), mistagged here under lemma vän.
påhispå · prepositionpreposition marking huvudethuvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of vändeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vändepast tense of se, 'to see.'
nogacarefullynoga · adverbmodifies sågpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of såg“Are you the son of the house?” he said.
Ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Ärsonensonson · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on Äriofi · prepositionpreposition marking husethusethousehus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of Ärsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade“I've heard a lot of bad things about him.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörtharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörthörtheardhöra · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencemycketa lotmycket · adverbmodifies ontontbad thingsond · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hörtomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hörtBut you have such a good look about you that I would never believe you were him, if I didn't know that he'd been turned into a little imp.”
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of utseendesåsuchså · adverbmodifies utseendegottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase såutseendeappearanceutseende · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of harattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of trojagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of troaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies troskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trotrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of harattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of voreduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vorevorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activeclausal complement of trohanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of voreomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of visstejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vissteintenotinte · particlemodifies visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on harattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineclausal complement of vissteförvandladtransformedförvandla · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitBackbone mistags this as an adjective; the surface (förvandlad) is the past participle of förvandla, 'to turn into'.
tillintotill · prepositionpreposition marking pysslingenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of pysslingpysslinggnomepyssling · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förvandladA synonym for tomte, the household gnome; sometimes left untranslated as 'pyssling.'
—“I know well enough that I've left a bad name behind me here on this farm,” said Nils Holgersson.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenogwell enoughnog · adverbmodifies vetattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lämnatjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lämnatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lämnatlämnatleftlämna · verb, active, supineclausal complement of vetettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of namndåligtbaddålig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies namnnamnnamenamn · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of lämnatefterbehindefter · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lämnathärherehär · adverbmodifies migpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking gårdengårdenfarmgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lämnatsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to vetNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nils“My own mother thinks I ran off like a thief, but that doesn't matter, since I won't be staying home long.
MinmyMin · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of moregenownegen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies mormormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gavjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gavgavran offge · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of trorLight-verb idioms in the examples: "gav ... till ett klagoskrik" = let out a cry; "gav sig tid" = took the time — not literal "gave" in either case.
migmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of gavavoffav · prepositionintroduces the clause of tjuvsomlikesom · prepositionintroduces the clause of tjuvFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tjuvtjuvthieftjuv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gavmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of görakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of göragöramattergöra · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with tjuvdetsammathe samedensamma · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of göraförsinceför · prepositionintroduces the clause of dröjajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dröjaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of dröjaintenotinte · particlemodifies dröjadröjato delaydröja · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on göralängelonglänge · adverbmodifies dröjahemmaat homehemma · adverbmodifies dröjaBefore I go, I'd still like to hear what's wrong with you.”
Innanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gårjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on höravillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höraistilli · prepositionpreposition marking fallallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fallfallcasesfall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of hörahörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of fattasdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fattasärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to fattassomthatsom · pronounsubject of fattasThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
fattasis wrong withfatta · verb, present, indicativeclausal complement of höradigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of fattas- 16
“A pity you're not staying,” said the horse, “for I have a feeling we would have become good friends.
Skadapityskada · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stannarduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stannarintenotinte · particlemodifies stannarstannarstayingstanna · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on Skadasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Skadahästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of kännerjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kännerkännerfeelskänna · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sadepåa feelingpå · prepositiondepends on kännermigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of kännerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivitviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of blivitskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivithahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineclausal complement of sadegodagoodgod · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vännervännerfriendsvänn · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of blivit There's nothing else wrong with me except that I've gotten something in my foot — the tip of a knife, or whatever it might be.
Medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of felärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to feldetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of felintenotinte · particlemodifies felnågotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of felannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies felfelwrongfel · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåttattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåttjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåttharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttfåttgottenfå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on felnågotnothing elsenågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of fåttiini · prepositionpreposition marking fotenfotenfootfot · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fåttenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of knivsuddknivsuddknife tipknivsudd · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåttelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of varadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varavarabevara · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with fåttIt's hidden so well that the doctor hasn't been able to find it, but it pricks and pricks, so that I simply cannot walk.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of sittersittersitssitta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies gömdvälwellväl · adverbpart of the phrase sågömdhiddengömd · pronoun, common gender, singularadverbial clause on sitterMistagged as pronoun; it is the past participle of 'gömma' (to hide), used adjectivally.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of finnadoktornthe doctordoktor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finnaintenotinte · particlemodifies finnaharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of finnakunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of finnafinnafindfinna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sitterdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of finnamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardeterminer of stickerstickerprickssticka · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with finnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstickerprickssticka · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with stickersåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of gåattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåraktsimplyrak · adverbmodifies gåintenotinte · particlemodifies gåkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stickerIf you would tell Holger Nilsson what's wrong with me, I believe he could easily help me.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of taladuyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of talatalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fattasomtellom · prepositiondepends on talaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking HolgerHolgerHolgerHolger · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of talaGiven name, father Holger Nilsson.
NilssonNilssonNilsson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Holgersurname, as in Holger Nilsson, Nils's father.
vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on fattassomthatsom · pronounsubject of passive fattasThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
fattaswhat's wrongfatta · verb, present, indicative, passivedepends on trormigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of fattassåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trorattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hjälpahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hjälpalätteasilylätt · adverbmodifies hjälpakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hjälpahjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of trormigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälpaI would be glad to be able to make myself useful.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bliskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencegladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bliatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
kunnato be able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of göragöramakegöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gladnyttausenytta · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of göraförforför · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of göraI'm truly ashamed to stand here eating without working.”
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skämsriktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies skämsskämsashamedskäms · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseA form of the reflexive verb 'skämmas', used both as a finite present and in an imperative-like command; mistagged as an adjective.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ståinfinitive marker before a verb.
ståstandstå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skämsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationätaeatäta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with ståutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of arbetaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of arbetainfinitive marker before a verb.
arbetaworkarbeta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stå- 17
“It's a good thing you don't have any real illness,” said Nils Holgersson.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevälgoodväl · adverbmodifies varattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of harduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harintenotinte · particlemodifies harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on varnågonanynågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sjukdomriktigrealriktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sjukdomsjukdomsicknesssjukdom · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of harsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to varNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nils “I'll try to see to it that you get cured.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försökafårwillfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of försökaförsökato tryförsöka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceställato see toställa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försökasåsoså · adverbmodifies ställaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blirduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ställabotadcuredbotad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blirIt won't hurt you if I take my knife and cut a little here on your hoof, will it?”
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of görgördoesgöra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of görvälwill itväl · adverbmodifies göringentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of göromifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tarjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tartartakesta · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on görochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationritarcutrita · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with tarliteta littlelitet · adverbmodifies ritarmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking knivminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of knivpossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
knivknifekniv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tarhärherehär · adverbmodifies tarpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking hovdinyourdu · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of hovhovhoofhov · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of tar- 18
Nils Holgersson had only just finished with the horse when he heard voices in the yard.
NilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativesubject of nättHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilsvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to nättnättbarelynätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseAlways in the fixed phrase 'nätt och jämnt' = barely/just barely, though tagged as a noun.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjämntonly justjämn · adverbcoordinated with nättfärdigreadyfärdig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of nättmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hästenhästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of färdignärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hördehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on nättröstervoicesröst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hördepåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking gårdengårdenyardgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hörde He pushed the stable door open a little crack and looked out.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skötskötpushedskötma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceuppupupp · adverbdepends on skötstalldörrenthe stable doorstalldörr · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of skötliteta littlelitet · adverbmodifies skötpåajarpå · prepositionpreposition marking gläntgläntajarglänt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of skötused in the fixed phrase 'på glänt' (ajar).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with skötpast tense of se, 'to see.'
utoutut · adverbdepends on sågIt was Father and Mother, coming walking up from the road to the house.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of farvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to farfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with farsomwhosom · pronounsubject of kommoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on farkommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
gåendewalkinggåe · adjective, nominativedirect object of kommoPresent participle 'gående' of 'gå' (to walk), used adjectivally/adverbially; mistagged as a plain adjective lemma.
frånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking vägenvägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommouppupupp · adverbmodifies vägentilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking husethusethousehus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of uppIt could clearly be seen that they were weighed down by worry.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with syntessyntescould be seensyntes · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentencetydligtcleartydlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies syntesattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tyngdadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of tyngdavorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralpart of the phrase dearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
tyngdaweighed downtynga · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on syntesavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking bekymmerbekymmerworriesbekymmer · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies tyngdaMother had gotten many more wrinkles in her face than before, and Father's hair had turned gray.
Mormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttfåttgottenfå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencemångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies rynkorflermorefler · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies rynkorrynkorwrinklesrynka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of fåttiini · prepositionpreposition marking ansiktetansiktetthe faceansikt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fåttänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förutförutbeforeförut · adverbadverbial clause on fåttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfarsfather'sfars · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of hårhårhairhår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of grånathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of grånatgrånatturned graygrånad · verb, active, supinecoordinated with fåttMother walked along talking to Father about how he ought to try to get a loan from her brother-in-law.
Mormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtaladetalkedtala · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with gickTagged as an adjective but is talade, the past tense of tala, 'to talk'.
medwithmed · prepositiondepends on gickfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase medomaboutom · prepositionintroduces the clause of försökaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of försökahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försökabordeought toböra · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of försökaBare borde is simple past modal ("ought to"/"should"); the perfect sense ("ought to have") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth ("borde släppa taget") has no ha and translates as plain "ought to."
försökato tryförsöka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gickfågetfå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försökaettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of lånlånloanlån · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fåavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking svågerhennesherhon · pronounpossessor of svågerpossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
svågerbrother-in-lawsvåger · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies lån“No, I don't want to borrow any more money,” said Father, just as he walked past the stable.
Nejnonej · interjectionhead of the phrasejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lånavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lånaintenotinte · particlemodifies lånalånaborrowlåna · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to Nejmermoremycket · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies pengarpengarmoneypengar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of lånasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Nejfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadejustjustjust · adverbmodifies gickdåasdå · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gickhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Nejförbipastförbi · adverbdepends on gickstalletstablestall · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gick“Nothing is as hard as being in debt.
Ingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of svårtärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to svårtsåasså · adverbmodifies svårtsvårtdifficultsvår · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skuldsattatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of skuldsattinfinitive marker before a verb.
varabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to skuldsattskuldsattin debtskuldsatt · pronoun, common gender, singularadverbial clause on svårtIt's better to sell the cottage.”
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with bättreärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to bättrebättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativehead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of säljainfinitive marker before a verb.
säljato sellsälja · verb, active, infinitivedepends on bättrestugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sälja—“I wouldn't mind so much if we got rid of it,” said Mother, “if it weren't for the boy's sake.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of haintenotinte · particlemodifies hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketso muchmycket · adverbmodifies haemotmindemot · adverbdepends on haattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of görviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of görgördoesgöra · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on haossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of göravridav · prepositiondepends on görmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of görsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to hamormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of voredetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of voreintenotinte · particlemodifies vorevorewerevara · verb, past, subjunctive, activeadverbial clause on sadeförforför · prepositionpreposition marking skullpojkensboy'spojk · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of skullskullsakeskull · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of voreonly occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'.
But where will he turn, if he comes home one day, poor and wretched as one must expect him to be, and we're no longer here?”
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvartwherevart · adverbmodifies taskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencevägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of taomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommerhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tahemhomehem · adverbdepends on kommerenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kommerfattigpoorfattig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with dagochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationeländigwretchedeländig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with dagsomassom · pronoundirect object of förståThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
manoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förståkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of förståförståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on dagattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varavarabevara · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of förståochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of finnsintenotinte · particlemodifies finnsfinnsarefinnas · verb, present, indicativecoordinated with kommerhärherehär · adverbmodifies finns—“Yes, you're right about that,” said Father, “but I suppose we'll have to ask whoever comes after us to receive him kindly and tell him that he's welcome to us.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on ,duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejuafter allju · adverbmodifies harrättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hariabouti · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of harsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to harfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of befårhave tofå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bevälsupposeväl · adverbmodifies bebeto askbe · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sadedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of besomwhoeversom · pronounsubject of kommerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on beefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kommerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tardetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of tartartakesta · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of bevänligtkindlyvänlig · adverbmodifies taremotreceiveemot · prepositiondepends on tarhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of tarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtalartalkstala · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with taromtellom · prepositiondepends on talarförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talarattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of välkommenhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of välkommenärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to välkommenvälkommenwelcomevälkomme · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of betilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of välkommenWe won't say a single harsh word, whatever state he's in.
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sägaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägaintenotinte · particlemodifies sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ordontharshont · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ordBoth examples ('göra oss något ont' = 'do us harm', 'inte hade förmått göra mycket ont' = 'not been able to do much harm') attest the sense 'harm', not 'pain', which was the pinned default gloss.
ordwordord · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sägahurudanwhatever statehurudan · adverbmodifies hanhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of äränwhateverän · adverbmodifies ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to sägaShall we, Mother?”
Skawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of Skamormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with vi—“Oh, no indeed!
Ånejoh noÅnej · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseInterjection (Ånej = Å nej, 'oh no'), tagged as a proper noun by the parser.
dåno indeeddå · adverbmodifies ÅnejIf only I had him back here, so I knew he wouldn't have to starve and freeze out on the roads, I wouldn't ask for anything else.”
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadebarajustbara · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadehärherehär · adverbmodifies hadetillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies hadesåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of vissteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of svältahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svältaintenotinte · particlemodifies svältabehövdeneeded tobehöva · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of svältasvältato starvesvälta · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of vissteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfrysafreezefrysa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with svältauteoutsideute · adverbdepends on frysapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking vägarnavägarnaroadsväg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of frysaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of frågajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågaintenotinte · particlemodifies frågafrågaquestionfråga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with svältaefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking annatnågotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of annatannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fråga- 19
When Father and Mother had said this, they went inside, and the boy could hear no more of their conversation.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sagtfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sagtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with farhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagtsagtsaidsag · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on gingoLemma is a truncated form of säga; surface sagt is the supine, 'said'.
dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sagtgingowentgingo · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasePast plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gingoininin · adverbdepends on gingoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of höraintenotinte · particlemodifies hörahörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gingomeramoremycket · adverbmodifies höraavofav · prepositionpreposition marking samtalderastheirde · pronounpossessor of samtalpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
samtalconversationsamtal · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of höra He grew very glad and moved indeed on hearing that they held such great love for him, even though they believed he had gone astray, and he would have liked to hurry forward to them.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencealltallall · adverbmodifies blevmycketverymycket · adverbmodifies gladgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrördmovedrörd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with gladnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hördehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blevattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hystedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of passive hystehysteheldhyste · verb, past, indicative, passivedepends on hördesåsuchså · adverbmodifies storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kärlekkärleklovekärlek · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hysteförforför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hystefastänalthoughfastän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of troddedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of troddetroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blevattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineclausal complement of troddepåastraypå · prepositionpreposition marking avvägaravvägargone astrayavväg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kommitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of velatskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of velathahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of velatvelatwantedvela · verb, active, supinecoordinated with kommitlemma should be vilja 'to want'; velat is its supine form.
skyndato hurryskynda · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of velatframforwardfram · adverbmodifies skyndatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of fram“But it might be an even greater sorrow for them if they saw me as I am now,” he thought.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies bliränthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sorgstörrebiggerstor · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies sorgsorgsorrowsorg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blirförforför · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of bliromifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sefårwere tofå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on blirmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of sesådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of sesån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
somassom · pronoundirect object of ärThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärnunownu · adverbmodifies ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on setänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to blirhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkte- 20
While he stood there hesitating, a carriage came and stopped at the gate.
Medanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stodhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtvekadehesitatedtvekad · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of åkdonåkdonvehicleåkdon · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstannadestoppedstanna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with komvidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking grindengrindengategrind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stannade The boy nearly cried out in astonishment, for the ones who got out and went in through the yard could be none other than Åsa the goose-girl and her father.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ropatsånearlyså · adverbmodifies ropatnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ropatropatcalledropa · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencetillouttill · prepositiondepends on ropatavinav · prepositionpreposition marking förvåningförvåningastonishmentförvåning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ropatförforför · prepositionpreposition marking dedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraloblique complement of ropatsomwhosom · pronounsubject of stegoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
stegogot outstego · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on dePast tense plural of 'stiga'.
urout ofur · adverbdepends on stegoFunctions as a preposition ('out of / from'), mistagged as an adverb.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgingowentgingo · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with urPast plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective.
ininin · adverbmodifies urpåthroughpå · prepositionpreposition marking gårdengårdenyardgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of urkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of andraintenotinte · particlemodifies andravarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to andranågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andraandraothersannan · pronoun, pluralmodifies ropatänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ÅsaÅsaÅsaÅsa · proper noun, nominativeclause modifying andragåsapigagoose girlgåsapig · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of ropatMistagged as an adjective; gåsapiga is the noun "goose girl" (a herding role), always paired with a name (Åsa gåsapiga).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhennesherhon · pronounpossessor of farpossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with gåsapigaThey held each other's hands as they walked up to the house.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of höllohölloheldhöllo · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevarandraeach othervarandra · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of hölloibyi · prepositionmodifies höllohandhandhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase inärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vandradedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of vandradevandradewanderedvandra · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on hölloTagged as an adjective but is the past tense of vandra, 'to wander/walk'.
uppupupp · adverbmodifies vandradetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking husethusethousehus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of uppThey came so quietly and gravely, yet with a beautiful glow of happiness in their eyes.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommokommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencekommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
såsoså · adverbmodifies stillastillastillstilla · adverbmodifies kommoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationallvarligasolemnallvarlig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with stillamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking glansenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of glansvackerbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies glansglansradianceglans · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseavofav · prepositionpreposition marking lyckalyckahappinesslycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies glansiini · prepositionpreposition marking ögonenögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies lyckaWhen they were about halfway across the yard, Åsa the goose-girl stopped her father and said to him: “You do remember, Father, that you mustn't say anything to them about the wooden shoe or the geese or the little imp who looked so like Nils Holgersson that, if it wasn't him himself, he must at least have had something to do with him.”
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hejdadedetheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of gårdenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying dearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
ungefärapproximatelyungefär · adverbmodifies mittpåmittpåhalfway acrossmittpå · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gårdengårdenyardgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase Närhejdadestoppedhejda · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceÅsaÅsaÅsa · proper noun, nominativedirect object of hejdadegåsapigagoose girlgåsapig · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies farsinhersig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of farfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hejdadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hejdadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sadeNiyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommersecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
kommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceväldo rememberväl · adverbmodifies kommerihågto mind (remember)ihåg · adverbdepends on kommeronly occurs in the fixed phrase komma ihåg 'to remember'.
farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with kommerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of säganiyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
intenotinte · particlemodifies sägafårmustn'tfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kommernågotanythingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sägatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies någotomifom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking träskonträskonthe clogträskon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies någotThis is the definite singular of träsko (wooden clog), not a plural.
elleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking gässengässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with träskongässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
elleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking pysslingenpysslingengnomepyssling · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with gässenA synonym for tomte, the household gnome; sometimes left untranslated as 'pyssling.'
somwhosom · pronounsubject of haftThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies haftsåsoså · adverbmodifies likliklikelik · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies NilsNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativepart of the phrase varHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilsattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of haftomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varintenotinte · particlemodifies varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hafthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varsjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying hanmåttemustmåtte · adverbmodifies haftModal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means "must"; the perfect sense ("must have") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain "must."
denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of haftändåat leaständå · adverbmodifies hafthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinerelative clause on pysslingennågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of haftatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göradogöra · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying någotmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of göra—“No, certainly not,” said Jon Assarsson.
Nejnonej · interjectionhead of the phraseförcertainlyför · prepositionpreposition marking delallallall · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of deldelpartdel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Nejsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to NejJonJonJon · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeAssarssonAssarssonAssarsson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Jon“I'll only say that you got good help from their son several times while you went about searching for me, and that we've therefore come here to ask whether we can't do them some service in return, now that I've become a well-off man and have more than I need, thanks to the mine I found up there.”
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägabarajustbara · adverbmodifies sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fickduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickgotfå · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of sägagodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hjälphjälphelphjälp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking gångerderastheirde · pronounpossessor of sonpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
sonsonson · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gångerfleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of fickmedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gickduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsöktesearchedsöka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sökteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommitviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kommitdärförthereforedärför · adverbmodifies kommitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinecoordinated with fickhitherehit · adverbdepends on kommitförthereforeför · prepositionintroduces the clause of frågaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of frågainfinitive marker before a verb.
frågaquestionfråga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on kommitomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of göraviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of göraintenotinte · particlemodifies görakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of göragöradogöra · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of frågademthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralindirect object of göranågonsomenågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tjänsttjänstservicetjänst · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of göratillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies göranunownu · adverbmodifies blivitnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivitjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on frågaburgenwell-offburg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivitkarlmankarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies burgenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with blivitmermoremycket · adverbmodifies haränthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of behöverjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of behöverbehöverneedsbehöva · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blivitgenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking gruvangruvanthe minegruvan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of behöversomthatsom · pronoundirect object of fannThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannfannfoundfinna · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on gruvandäroppeup theredäroppe · adverbdirect object of fann—“Yes, I know well enough that you can put your words well,” said Åsa.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on vetjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenogwell enoughnog · adverbmodifies vetattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of läggaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of läggakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of läggaläggato lay/putlägga · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of vetdinayourdu · pronoun, pluralpossessor of ordThis entry is really the possessive "dina" (plural agreement), mistagged under the lemma du.
ordwordsord · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of läggavälwellväl · adverbmodifies läggasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to vetÅsaÅsaÅsa · proper noun, nominativesubject of sade“It was just that one thing I didn't want you to say.”
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebarajustbara · adverbmodifies vardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on vardärtheredär · adverbmodifies varendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativesubject of villesomthatsom · pronoundirect object of villeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villevillewantedvilja · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on varattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sägaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägaintenotinte · particlemodifies sägaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of ville- 21
They went into the cottage, and the boy would have dearly liked to hear what they talked about in there, but he did not dare venture out onto the yard.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of gingoSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
gingowentgingo · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasePast plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective.
ininin · adverbmodifies gingoiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of inochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of velatskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of velatbradearlybra · adverbmodifies hagärnadearlygärna · adverbpart of the phrase braType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
hahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of velatvelatwantedvela · verb, active, supinecoordinated with gingolemma should be vilja 'to want'; velat is its supine form.
hörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of velatvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of taladedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of taladetaladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on velatomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking därinnedärinnein theredärinne · adverbmodifies talademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vågadevågadedaredvåga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with velatsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vågadeintenotinte · particlemodifies vågadeutoutut · adverbdepends on vågadepåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking gårdsplanengårdsplanencourtyardgårdsplan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vågade Not a particularly long time passed before they came out again, and then Father and Mother walked with them down to the gate.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies särdelessärdelesespeciallysärdeles · adverbadverbial clause on gicklånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of särdelesförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies kommoused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommokommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of gickkommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
utoutut · adverbdepends on kommoigenagainigen · adverbmodifies kommoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies följdeföljdefollowedföljde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of följdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with farmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of följdenerdownner · adverbmodifies följdetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking grindengrindengategrind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nerIt was remarkable how happy they now were.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of märkvärdigtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to märkvärdigtmärkvärdigtremarkablemärkvärdig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasehurhowhur · adverbmodifies gladagladagladglad · adjective, nominative, pluralparallel clause to märkvärdigtdetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gladasurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
nunownu · adverbmodifies gladavorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with gladaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
It looked as if they had been given new life.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
utlookut · adverbdepends on sågsomassom · pronounsubject of fåttThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåttdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttfåttbeen givenfå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sågnyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies livlivlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fått- 22
When the visitors were gone, Father and Mother stood at the gate and watched them go.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stododetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralpart of the phrase Närsurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
främmandestrangefrämmande · adjective, nominativemodifies vorovorowerevoro · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralclause modifying deArchaic plural past tense of vara (they were), not a noun.
bortagoneborta · adverbmodifies vorostodostoodstodo · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentenceHistorical past-plural form of stå (cf. voro, gingo); despite the 'present' tag this is past tense.
farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with farkvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on farvidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking grindengrindengategrind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågosawsågoa · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with stodoLemma/tag are corrupted; sågo is the plural past tense of se ("saw"), not a noun or present tense.
efterafterefter · prepositiondepends on sågodemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of sågo “Well, now I don't care to be sad anymore,” said Mother, “now that I've heard so much good about Nils.”
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on bryrnunownu · adverbmodifies bryrbryrcaresbry · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceAlmost always used reflexively, bry sig om, 'to care about'.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bryrmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of bryrintenotinte · particlemodifies bryromtoom · prepositionintroduces the clause of bedrövadatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bedrövadinfinitive marker before a verb.
varabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to bedrövadbedrövaddistressedbedrövad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on bryrmeranymoremycket · adverbmodifies bedrövadsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to bryrmormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hörajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höraharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörafåttheardfå · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of höra"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
hörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sadesåsoså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketso muchmycket · adverbmodifies gottgottgoodgod · adverbmodifies höraomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking NilsNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of höra—“It wasn't perhaps so very much that they told about him,” said Father thoughtfully.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with mycketvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to mycketkanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies mycketintenotinte · particlemodifies mycketsåsoså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketvery muchmycket · adverbhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronoundirect object of berättadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of berättadeberättadetoldberätta · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on mycketomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of berättadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to mycketfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadebetänksamtthoughtfullybetänksam · adverbmodifies sade—“Wasn't it enough that they came traveling specially to say that they wanted to help us, because our Nils had done them great services?
Varwasvar · adverbhead of the phrasedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase Varintenotinte · particlemodifies Varnogenoughnog · adverbmodifies Varattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on Varsärskiltespeciallysärskilt · adverbmodifies resanderesandetravelerresande · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of komförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of sägaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sägainfinitive marker before a verb.
sägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on komattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hjälpadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hjälpavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hjälpahjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitivedepends on Varossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hjälpadärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of gjortattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därförvårourvi · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of NilsMistagged as a pronoun under lemma vi; vår here is the possessive "our", not the pronoun "we".
NilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativesubject of gjorthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjortgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on Vardemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldeterminer of tjänsterstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tjänstertjänsterservicestjänst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of gjortI think you should have accepted their offer, I do, Father.”
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckertyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tagitduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tagitskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tagithahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of tagittagittakenta · verb, active, supineclausal complement of tyckeremotacceptemot · adverbdepends on tagitderastheirde · pronounpossessor of anbudpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
anbudoffersanbud · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of tagitjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with tagitfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with tagit—“No, Mother.
Nejnonej · interjectionhead of the phrasemormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with NejI don't want to take money from anyone, whether as a gift or a loan.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of taintenotinte · particlemodifies tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceemottakeemot · adverbdepends on tapengarmoneypengar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of taavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking någonnågonanyonenågon · pronoun, common gender, singularmodifies pengarvarkenneithervarken · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skänkskänkgiftskänk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with någonelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlånloanlån · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with någonI want to make myself free of debt first of all, and then we'll work our way up again.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of göravillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of göragörafreegöra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of görafrifreefri · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of görafrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking skuldernaskuldernathe debtsskuld · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of göranunownu · adverbmodifies göraförfirstför · prepositionpreposition marking förstadetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of förstaförstafirsten · adjective, nominativeoblique complement of görasurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsedanthensedan · adverbmodifies arbetaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of arbetaviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of arbetaarbetaworkarbeta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with göraossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of arbetaoppupopp · verb, present, indicative, activecomplement of arbetamistagged as a verb; this is the dialectal/colloquial adverb opp, a variant of upp 'up'.
igenagainigen · adverbmodifies oppWe're not so worn out with age yet, are we, Mother?”
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of lastgamlaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to lastgamlaintenotinte · particlemodifies lastgamlasåsoså · adverbmodifies lastgamlalastgamlaworn out with agelastgamla · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseänthanän · subordinating conjunctionmodifies lastgamladuyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies mormormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularparallel clause to lastgamlaFather actually laughed when he said this.
Farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skrattaderiktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies skrattadeskrattadelaughedskratta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on skrattadedettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sade“I believe you think it will be fun to sell this place, that we've put so much work into,” said Mother.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tyckerduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckertyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of trordetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of tyckerroligtfunrolig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of bliratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of säljainfinitive marker before a verb.
säljato sellsälja · verb, active, infinitivedepends on blirdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardirect object of säljahärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase detställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase detsomthatsom · pronoundirect object of lagtThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of lagtharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lagtlagtlaidlägga · verb, active, supinerelative clause on blirnerdownner · adverbdepends on lagtsåsoså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies arbetearbeteworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of lagtpåintopå · prepositionpreposition marking lagtsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tyckermormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade—“You understand well enough why I'm laughing,” said Father.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstårförstårunderstand(s)förstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencealltallall · adverbmodifies förstårvarförwhyvarför · adverbmodifies skrattarjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skrattarskrattaram laughingskratta · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of förstårsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to förstårfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade“It was the boy being lost that weighed me down so, that I've been quite powerless, but now that I know he's alive and has turned out well, you'll see that Holger Nilsson is still good for something.”
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to sedettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of seattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåttpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttlostgå · verb, active, supinedepends on seförloradlostförlorad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of gåttsomthatsom · pronounsubject of tyngdeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
tyngdeweighed downtyngdema · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gåttnerdownner · adverbdepends on tyngdemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of tyngdesåsoså · adverbmodifies tyngdeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of maktlösjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of maktlösharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of maktlösvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to maktlösalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies maktlösmaktlöspowerlessmaktlös · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of gåttmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies vetnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vetjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with maktlösattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of leverhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of leverleverlivesleva · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of vetochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with leverartatturned outarta · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of harvälwellväl · adverbmodifies harsåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on seskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of seduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sefåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dugerHolgerHolgerHolger · proper noun, nominativemodifies NilssonGiven name, father Holger Nilsson.
NilssonNilssonNilsson · proper noun, nominativesubject of dugersurname, as in Holger Nilsson, Nils's father.
ännustillännu · adverbmodifies dugerdugeris any goodduga · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of setillfortill · prepositionpreposition marking någotnågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of duger- 23
Mother went into the cottage, but the boy had to hurry to creep away into a corner, for Father was coming to the stable.
Mormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceininin · adverbdepends on gickiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickhad to hurryfå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickbråttin a hurrybrå · verb, active, supinecomplement of fickIdiom 'ha brått' = to be in a hurry.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of krypainfinitive marker before a verb.
krypato creepkrypa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of bråttundanawayundan · adverbdepends on krypaininin · adverbdepends on krypaiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking vråenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vråvråcornervrå · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of krypaförforför · prepositionpreposition marking farfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gicktilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking stalletstalletstablestall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kom He went into the horse's stall and, as he was accustomed to do, lifted up its foot to try to discover what was wrong with it.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceininin · adverbdepends on gickiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking spiltanspiltanthe stallspiltan · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gicktilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking hästenhästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gicksomassom · pronounintroduces the clause of brukadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brukadebrukadeused tobruka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on toguppupupp · adverbdepends on togfotenfootfot · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of togförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of försökaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of försökainfinitive marker before a verb.
försökato tryförsöka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on togupptäckato discoverupptäcka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försökavadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of feldetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of felvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to felförsort offör · prepositionpreposition marking felettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of felfelwrongfel · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of upptäckamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of fel“What's this?” said Father, for he saw that there were some letters carved into the hoof.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phraseärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to Vaddettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of Vadsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencefarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of såghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sadepast tense of se, 'to see.'
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stoddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with stodstodstoodstod · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of sadenågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of bokstäverbokstäverlettersbokstäv · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies inristadeinristadecarvedinristad · verb, past, indicative, activecomplement of stodpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking hovenhoventhe hoofhov · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stod“Take the iron out of the foot!” he read, and looked around him, wondering and questioning, but nevertheless began to look and feel about the underside of the hoof.
Tataketa · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceutoutut · adverbdepends on Tajärnetironjärn · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of Taurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking fotenfotenfootfot · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Talästereadläsa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lästeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lästepast tense of se, 'to see.'
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sågomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies undrandeundrandewonderingundra · adjective, nominativeoblique complement of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationspörjandequestioningspörjande · adjective, nominativecoordinated with undrandemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lästeineverthelessi · prepositionpreposition marking fallallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fallfallcasesfall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of tittatittato looktitta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkännato feelkänna · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with tittapåaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking undersidahovensthe hoof'shov · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of undersidaundersidaundersideundersida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of känna“There, I do believe there's something sharp there,” he muttered after a while.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trorsannerligentrulysannerligen · adverbmodifies trorattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sitterdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with sittersittersitssitta · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of trornågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies vasstvasstsharpvass · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sittermumlademurmuredmumla · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to trorhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of mumladeomafterom · prepositionpreposition marking stundenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of mumlade- 24
While Father busied himself with the horse, and the boy sat huddled away in the corner of the stable, it happened that other visitors came to the farm.
Medanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of syssladefarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of syssladesyssladewas busysyssla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hästenhästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of syssladeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with syssladeundankrupenhuddled awayundankrup · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sattiini · prepositionpreposition marking stallvrånstallvrånthe stable cornerstallvrån · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of satthändehappenedhäna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattLemma should be hända; hände is its past tense.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with händeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on händeannatotherannan · adverbmodifies främmandefrämmandestrangefrämmande · adjective, nominativecomplement of komtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking gårdengårdenfarmgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kom The truth was that when Morten Goosey-Gander found himself so close to his old home, he simply hadn't been able to resist the urge to show his wife and children to his old companions at the crofter's place, and had simply taken Dunfin and the goslings with him and set off.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with förhöllförhöllwasförhöll · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceFrom förhålla sig, 'to be the case'; 'det förhöll sig så att' = 'the truth was that'.
sigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of förhöllnämligenfornämligen · adverbmodifies förhöllExplanatory connective, not the literal 'namely' in most narrative uses.
såthe truth wasså · adverbmodifies förhöllattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadeMårtenMortenMårten · proper noun, nominativesubject of hadethe studio translation renders this name as 'Morten'.
gåskarlgandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hemvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to hemsåsoså · adverbmodifies näranäraclosenära · adverbmodifies fornaType lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära.
sitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of fornapossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
fornaformerforn · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies hemforna is the adjective 'of former times'; mistagged as noun.
hemhomehem · adverbmodifies Mårtenhadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on förhöllhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haderaktsimplyrak · adverbmodifies motståintenotinte · particlemodifies motståkunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of motståmotståresistmotstå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of hadelustendesirelust · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of motståatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of visainfinitive marker before a verb.
visato showvisa · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying lustenhustruwifehustru · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of visaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbarnchildbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with hustruförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking kamraternadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of kamraternaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
gamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kamraternakamraternacompanionskamrat · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies barnpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking husmansställethusmansställetcrofter's placehusmansställ · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies kamraternautanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
heltquitehelt · adverbmodifies enkeltenkeltsimplyenkel · adverbmodifies tagittagittakenta · verb, active, supinecoordinated with förhöllDunfinDunfinDunfin · proper noun, nominativedirect object of tagitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgässlingarnagoslingsgässling · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Dunfinmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of tagitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfarittraveledfara · verb, active, supinecoordinated with tagitioffi · prepositionmodifies faritvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase i- 25
There wasn't a soul out in the yard at Holger Nilsson's when the gander arrived.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
ingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of människamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannsuteoutsideute · adverbmodifies fannspåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking gårdengårdenyardgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utehoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking HolgerHolgerHolgerHolger · proper noun, nominativemodifies gårdenGiven name, father Holger Nilsson.
NilssonsNilsson'sNilssons · proper noun, nominativedepends on Holgernärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komgåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of kommorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
komcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fannsframforwardfram · adverbdepends on kom He landed in perfect security and walked calmly about, showing Dunfin how splendidly he had lived when he was still a tame goose.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slogsloglandedslå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
nerdownner · adverbdepends on slogiini · prepositionpreposition marking trygghetallskönsperfectallsköns · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies trygghettrygghetsecuritytrygghet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slogochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sloglugntcalmlylugnt · adverbmodifies gickomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies gickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvisadeshowedvisa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickDunfinDunfinDunfin · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tamgåshurhowhur · adverbmodifies präktigtpräktigtsplendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclause modifying Dunfinhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hafthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinerelative clause on Dunfindetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of haftdåwhendå · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varännustillännu · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tamgåsenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tamgåstamgåstame goosetamgås · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of visadeWhen they had looked over the whole yard, he noticed that the door to the cowshed stood open.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of besettdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of besetthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of besettbesettlooked overbesett · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on märktehelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gårdsplanengårdsplanencourtyardgårdsplan · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of besettmärktenoticedmärkte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stoddörrendoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking kostalletkostalletcow shedkostall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies dörrenstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of märkteöppenopenöppen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of stod“Look here a moment!” he said, “so you can see how I used to live in the old days!
Tittalook!titta · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencehitherehit · adverbmodifies Tittaettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ögonblickögonblickmomentögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of Tittasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesåsoså · adverbadverbial clause on sefårcanfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of seniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sesecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to sadehurhowhur · adverbmodifies boddejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of boddeboddelivedboda · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of seförrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies boddeiin the old daysi · prepositionpreposition marking världenvärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of boddeIt was quite different from staying about in swamps and bogs, the way we do now.”
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with annatvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to annatannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hållaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hållainfinitive marker before a verb.
hållato stay abouthålla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on annattillabouttill · prepositiondepends on hållaiini · prepositionpreposition marking träskträskswampträsk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hållaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkärrmarshkärr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with träsksomthe waysom · pronoundirect object of görThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of görnunownu · adverbmodifies görgördoesgöra · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hålla- 26
The gander stood on the threshold and looked into the cowshed.
Gåskarlenthe ganderGåskarlen · proper noun, nominativesubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking tröskelntröskelnthresholdtröskel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodpast tense of se, 'to see.'
inåtinto/inwardinåt · adverbmodifies sågkostalletcow shedkostall · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of såg “There's not a soul here,” he said.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsfinnsthere isfinnas · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentenceingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of människamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finnshärherehär · adverbmodifies finnssadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to finnshanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade“Come, Dunfin, and you shall see the goose pen!
KomcomeKom · proper noun, nominativedepends on seImperative of 'komma' (to come); mistagged as proper noun.
DunfinDunfinDunfin · proper noun, nominativein apposition to Komsåandså · adverbadverbial clause on sefårshallfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of seduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of seseseese · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencepåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking gåskättengåskättengoose pengåskätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of seDon't be afraid!
Varbevar · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of rädd"var" is both the interrogative/relative adverb "where" and the past tense of vara ("was"); the parser conflated the two under one type.
intenotinte · particlemodifies räddräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseIt's not the least bit dangerous.”
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of farligtärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to farligtintenotinte · particlemodifies farligtdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of farligtminstaleastliten · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies farligtfarligtdangerousfarlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrase- 27
Whereupon the gander, Dunfin, and all six goslings walked straight into the goose pen to see in what pomp and splendor the great white one had lived, before he had taken up with wild geese.
Härpåat thisHärpå · proper noun, nominativesubject of gingoAdverb 'härpå' (thereupon/to this), mistagged as a proper noun.
gingowentgingo · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasePast plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective.
gåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of gingomorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
DunfinDunfinDunfin · proper noun, nominativedirect object of gingoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ungarnasexsixsex · numeral, nominativequantifies ungarnaungarnagoslingsunge · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Dunfinrakastraightrak · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies vägenvägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Dunfinininin · adverbmodifies Dunfiniintoi · prepositionpreposition marking gåskättengåskättengoose pengåskätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Dunfinförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of seatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gingoiini · prepositionpreposition marking ståtvilkenwhatvilken · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ståtståtpompståt · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of seochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhärlighetsplendorhärlighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ståtdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vitestorebigstore · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies viteWeak-declension form of 'stor'.
vitewhite onevite · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of hadeDefinite adjective used as a noun, 'the white one', referring to the gander.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on selevatlivedlevat · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeMistagged as a noun; this is the supine of the verb 'leva' ('to live').
innanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gavhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gavgavtook up withge · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hadeLight-verb idioms in the examples: "gav ... till ett klagoskrik" = let out a cry; "gav sig tid" = took the time — not literal "gave" in either case.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of gaviwithi · prepositionpreposition marking laglagcompanylag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gavIn the idiom 'ge sig i lag med' (to keep company with).
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässvildgässwild geesevildgäss · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of gav - 28
“Yes, this is how we had it.
Jowell/yesjo · interjectiondepends on hadeused to affirm or answer a question, often contradicting an implied doubt.
såthis wayså · adverbadverbial clause on hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hadedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hade That was my spot, and there stood the feeding trough, which was always filled with oats and water,” said the gander.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies sademinmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of platspossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
platsplaceplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärtheredär · adverbmodifies stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with varmathonthe feeding troughmathon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodMat-ho is an older or dialectal term for a feeding trough.
somwhichsom · pronounsubject of fylldThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
alltidalwaysalltid · adverbmodifies fylldvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to fylldfylldfilledfylld · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on stodmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking havrehavreoatshavre · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fylldochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvattenwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with havresadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sademorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
“Wait, there's a little food in it right now too!”
VäntaWait!vänta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseParsed as a noun but functions as the imperative 'wait!' of the verb vänta in all examples.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsfinnsthere isfinnas · verb, present, indicativeparallel clause to Väntaliteta littleliten · adverbmodifies matthis type bundles the positive and comparative degree forms (litet, mindre) under one entry.
matfoodmat · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finnsiini · prepositionpreposition marking dendenaen · determiner, common gender, singularmodifies matnunownu · adverbmodifies finnsmedwithmed · prepositiondepends on finnsAnd with that he rushed over to the trough and began slurping down oats.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärmedwith thatdärmed · adverbmodifies rusaderusaderushedrusa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rusadebortawaybort · adverbmodifies rusadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking honhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rusadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with rusadesörplato slurp downsörpla · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadeidowni · prepositiondepends on sörplasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of börjadehavreoatshavre · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of började- 29
But Dunfin was uneasy.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationDunfinDunfinDunfin · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of oroligvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to oroligoroligtroubledorolig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrase “Let's go back out!” she said.
Låtletlåta · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of Låtgågogå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of Låtutoutut · adverbdepends on gåigenagainigen · adverbmodifies gåsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade—“Just a couple more grains!” said the gander.
Barajustbara · adverbmodifies kornettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies kornkorncowskor · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldepends on —tillmoretill · prepositionmodifies kornsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sademorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
At that very moment he let out a cry and hurried toward the exit.
Iat that momenti · prepositionpreposition marking detsammadetsammathe samedensamma · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of upphävdeupphävdelet out (a cry)upphäva · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of upphävdeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of skrikskrikcryskrik · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of upphävdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with upphävdemottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking utgångenutgångenexitutgång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skyndadeBut it was too late.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sentvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to sentförtooför · adverbmodifies sentsentlatesen · adverbhead of the phraseThe door slammed shut, the mistress stood outside and put on the hook, and there they were, locked in!
Dörrenthe doordörren · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of smälldesmälldeclappedsmälla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceigenagainigen · adverbdepends on smälldematmormistressmatmor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of stodOld word for the woman who runs the household/farm; tagged plural but used as singular here.
stodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with smälldeutanföroutsideutanför · prepositiondepends on stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationladeput onla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stod"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking krokenkrokenhookkrok · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ladeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärtheredär · adverbmodifies instängdavorowerevoro · determiner, pluraldepends on instängdaArchaic plural past tense of 'vara' (to be), modern 'var'.
detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of instängdaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
instängdashut ininstängd · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with stod- 30
Father had pulled a sharp piece of iron out of Svarten's foot and stood quite pleased, stroking his horse, when Mother came hurrying into the stable.
Farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dragithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of dragitdragitpulleddraga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceArchaic supine of dra; sense shifts widely with the particle it governs (dragit i led, dragit ihop, dragit bort, dragit upp).
utoutut · adverbdepends on dragitettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of järnstyckevasstsharpvass · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies järnstyckejärnstyckepiece of ironjärnstycke · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of dragiturout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking fotSvartensBlackie'sSvarten · proper noun, genitivepossessor of fotfotfootfot · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of dragitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with dragitheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies förnöjdförnöjdpleasedförnöjd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmektestrokedsmeka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with förnöjdsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of hästhästhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of smektedåwhendå · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skyndademormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skyndadeskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on stodininin · adverbdepends on skyndadeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking stalletstalletstablestall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of skyndade “Come, Father, and see what a catch I've made!” she said.
KomcomeKom · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencefarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationseseese · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with Komvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of gjortjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjortharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjortgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supineclausal complement of seförkind offör · prepositionpreposition marking fångstenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fångstfångstcatchfångst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gjortsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade—“No, wait, Mother!
Nejnonej · interjectionhead of the phraseväntato waitvänta · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to Nejmormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of väntaLook here first!” said Father.
Tittalook!titta · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceförstfirstförst · adverbmodifies Tittahitherehit · adverbmodifies Tittasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencefarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade“Now I've found out what was wrong with the horse.”
Nunownu · adverbmodifies fåttharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåttfåttfound outfå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceredafind outreda · adverbdepends on fåttpart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påoutpå · prepositionpreposition marking vadvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of fåttsomthatsom · pronounsubject of passive fattadesThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
fattadeswas wrong withfattades · verb, past, indicative, passiverelative clause on vadhästenhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fattades—“I believe our luck is beginning to turn back to us,” said Mother.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of börjarlyckanlucklycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjarbörjarbeginsbörja · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of trorvändato turnvända · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjaråteragainåter · adverbmodifies vändatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of vändasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to börjarmormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade“Just think, that big gander who disappeared in the spring must have gone off with the wild geese!
TänkthinkTänk · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Tänkattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of följtdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåskarlenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gåskarlenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
gåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of följtmorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of försvannThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
försvanndisappearedförsvann · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on gåskarlenPast tense of försvinna ('disappeared'), mistagged as a noun.
iin the springi · prepositionmodifies försvannvåraslast springvåra · nounpart of the phrase imåttemustmåtte · adverbmodifies följtModal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means "must"; the perfect sense ("must have") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain "must."
hahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of följtföljtfollowedfölja · verb, active, supineclausal complement of Tänkmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of följtattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
He's come back here in the company of seven wild geese.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencetillbakabacktillbaka · adverbdepends on kommithitherehit · adverbmodifies kommitiini · prepositionmodifies kommitsällskapcompanysällskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase imedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässsjusevensju · numeral, nominativequantifies vildgässvildgässwild geesevildgäss · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of kommitThey went into the goose pen, and I've shut them all in there.”
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceininin · adverbdepends on gickiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking gåskättengåskättengoose pengåskätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stängtharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of stängtstängtshut/closedstäng · verb, active, supinecoordinated with gickininin · adverbdepends on stängtdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of stängtdärtheredär · adverbmodifies allihopallihopall of themallihop · pronoun, pluralcomplement of stängt—“Well, that is remarkable,” said Holger Nilsson.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of märkvärdigtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to märkvärdigtdåwelldå · adverbmodifies märkvärdigtmärkvärdigtremarkablemärkvärdig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to märkvärdigtHolgerHolgerHolger · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeGiven name, father Holger Nilsson.
NilssonNilssonNilsson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Holgersurname, as in Holger Nilsson, Nils's father.
“And do you know, Mother, the best part of this is that we no longer need to believe that the boy took the gander with him when he left home.”
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetmormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with duattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bästadetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of bästabästabestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativeclausal complement of vetmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies bästaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to bästaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of behöverviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of behöverintenotinte · particlemodifies behövermerno longermycket · adverbmodifies behöverbehöverneedsbehöva · verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of trotrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with bästaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of togpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of trogåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of togmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of tognärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gickhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on toghemifrånfrom homehemifrån · adverbmodifies gick—“Yes, you're right about that, Father.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on hardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harrättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hariabouti · prepositionpreposition marking farfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies rättBut I'm afraid we'll be forced to slaughter them tonight.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räddärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to räddräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseförthatför · prepositionintroduces the clause of blirattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase förviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on räddtvungnaforcedtvungen · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of bliratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of slaktainfinitive marker before a verb.
slaktaslaughterslakta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of blirdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of slaktanunownu · adverbmodifies slaktaitonighti · prepositionmodifies slaktakvälleveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iWe have Martinmas goose in a couple of days, and we'll have to hurry if we're to get them into town in time.”
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceMårtensgåsMartinmas gooseMårtensgås · proper noun, nominativedirect object of harominom · prepositionpreposition marking darettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies dardardaysd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of harochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of skyndafårhave tofå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of skyndaskyndato hurryskynda · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with harossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of skyndaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hinnaviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hinnaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hinnahinnato have time tohinna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skyndaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fågetfå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hinnaininin · adverbdepends on fådemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of fåtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking n.sta’ntownstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singular, definiteoblique complement of fåSta’n is a colloquial contraction of staden.
—“I think it's a real shame to slaughter the gander, when he's come home to us with such a great following,” said Holger Nilsson.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckertyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of synddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with syndärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to syndrentpurelyren · adverbmodifies syndsynda shamesynd · adjective, nominativeclausal complement of tyckeratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of slaktainfinitive marker before a verb.
slaktaslaughterslakta · verb, active, infinitivedepends on syndgåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of slaktamorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on slaktahemhomehem · adverbdepends on kommittilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kommitmedwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of följesåsuchså · adverbmodifies stortstortgreatstor · adverbmodifies följeAdverbial use of stor ('big'); e.g. 'inte stort' = 'not much'.
följefollowingfölje · noun, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on kommitsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with syndHolgerHolgerHolger · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeGiven name, father Holger Nilsson.
NilssonNilssonNilsson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Holgersurname, as in Holger Nilsson, Nils's father.
—“If times were different, he could live, but since we ourselves are to move away from here, we surely can't keep the geese.”
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tiderdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tidervorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to tiderandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tidertidertimestid · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraladverbial clause on levaskullecouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of levahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of levafåbe allowed tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of levalevato liveleva · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of flyttaviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of flyttasjälvaourselvessjälv · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying viskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of flyttaflyttamoveflytta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with levahärifrånfrom herehärifrån · adverbmodifies flyttakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of behållaviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of behållajusurelyju · adverbmodifies behållaintenotinte · particlemodifies behållabehållato keepbehålla · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with flyttagässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of behållagässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
—“Yes, that's true, that.”
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on santdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of santärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to santsanttruesant · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularparallel clause to sant—“Come and help me carry them into the cottage!” said Mother.
KomcomeKom · verb, imperative, activedepends on —medwithmed · prepositiondepends on Komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhjälphelphjälp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with medmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of Komatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bärainfinitive marker before a verb.
bärato carrybära · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of Komininin · adverbdepends on bärademthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of bäraiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bärasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade- 31
They went on their way, and a couple of moments later the boy saw Father come with Dunfin and Morten Goosey-Gander, one under each arm, and go into the house together with Mother.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vägSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
gingowentgingo · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying DePast plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective.
sinawaysig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of vägvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ögonblickögonblickmomentsögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with vägdärefterafterwarddärefter · adverbmodifies sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on ögonblickpast tense of se, 'to see.'
pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of såghurhowhur · adverbmodifies komfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of sågmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking DunfinDunfinDunfinDunfin · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationMårtenMortenMårten · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Dunfinthe studio translation renders this name as 'Morten'.
gåskarlgandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Dunfinenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to Dunfinunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking armenvarderaeachvardera · determiner, singulardeterminer of armenarmenarmarm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Dunfinochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with komininin · adverbdepends on gickiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking husethusethousehus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gickiini · prepositionpreposition marking morsällskapcompanysällskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase imedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking mormormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gick The gander cried out: “Thumbietot, come and help me!” as he was accustomed to do when he was in danger, even though he had no way of knowing that the boy was nearby.
Gåskarlenthe ganderGåskarlen · proper noun, nominativesubject of ropaderopadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativesubject of komthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
komcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhjälphelphjälp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with kommigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of komsomassom · pronoundirect object of brukadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brukadebrukadeused tobruka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on komnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on komiini · prepositionpreposition marking farafaradangerfara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of varsome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
fasteven thoughfast · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vetaHere used as the concessive conjunction 'though', not the adjective 'firm'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetaintenotinte · particlemodifies vetakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vetavetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on komattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fannspojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativeclausal complement of vetaexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
iini · prepositionmodifies fannsnärhetenvicinitynärhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase i- 32
Nils Holgersson certainly heard him, but he stayed put in the stable doorway all the same.
NilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativesubject of hördeHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilshördeheardhörde · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on stodhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hördenogcertainlynog · adverbmodifies hördemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on stodiini · prepositionpreposition marking stalldörrenstalldörrenthe stable doorwaystalldörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodiall the samei · prepositionpreposition marking fallallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fallfallcasesfall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of stod He hesitated not because he knew it would be good for himself if the gander were laid on the chopping block — he didn't even think of that in that moment —, but because, if he was to save the gander, he would have to show himself to Father and Mother, and he had a great reluctance to do that.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dröjdedröjdewas long in comingdröj · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceIdiomatic: "det dröjde inte länge" = "it was not long before."
intenotinte · particlemodifies dröjdedärförbecausedärför · adverbmodifies dröjdeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of visstehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on dröjdeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bradetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of braskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bravarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to brabragoodbra · adjective, nominativeclausal complement of vissteförbecauseför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of brasjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying honomattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blevegåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies blevemorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
blevewould becomebleve · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with dröjdeArchaic subjunctive form of 'bli' (to become/be), mislabeled as a noun.
lagdlaidlagd · verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominativeclause modifying blevepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking slaktbänkenslaktbänkenchopping blockslaktbänk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lagddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komintenotinte · particlemodifies komenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångevengång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of komihågto mind (remember)ihåg · adverbmodifies komonly occurs in the fixed phrase komma ihåg 'to remember'.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking ögonblicketdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ögonblicketögonblicketmomentögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of komutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
därförbecausedärför · adverbmodifies ,attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of räddaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of räddahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räddaskullecouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of räddakunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of räddaräddato saverädda · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on komgåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of räddamorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
måstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of visahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visavisato showvisa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with komsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of visaförbecauseför · prepositionpreposition marking farfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of visaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with farochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförto thisför · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with komhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of motviljastorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies motviljamotviljareluctancemotvilja · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hade“They have it hard enough as it is,” he thought.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of svårtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with svårtjuafter allju · adverbmodifies svårtsvårtdifficultsvår · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasenogenoughnog · adverbmodifies svårtändåas it isändå · adverbmodifies svårttänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to svårthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkte“Must I bring them such sorrow?”
Skawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of görajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of görabehövato need tobehöva · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of göragörabringgöra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralindirect object of göraenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sorgsådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sorgsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
sorgsorrowsorg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of göra- 33
But when the door had shut on the gander, life came into the boy.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stängddörrendoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stängdvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to stängdstängdclosedstängd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseomifom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking gåskarlengåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stängdkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stängddetthereden · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of livlivlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of komiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies liv He rushed off across the yard, jumped up onto the oak plank in front of the entrance door, and ran into the front hall.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rusaderusaderushedrusa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceioffi · prepositionpreposition marking gårdsplanenvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iöveracrossöver · prepositionpreposition marking gårdsplanengårdsplanencourtyardgårdsplan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rusadehoppadejumpedhoppa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with rusadeuppupupp · adverbdepends on hoppadepåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking ekbrädanekbrädanthe oak plankekbräda · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hoppadeframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking ingångsdörreningångsdörrenthe entrance dooringångsdörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hoppadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsprangransprangma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hoppadeLemma is corrupted; surfaces are only "sprang" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma.
ininin · adverbdepends on sprangiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking förstuganförstuganthe entrywayförstuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sprangThere he slipped off his wooden shoes out of old habit and approached the door.
Härherehär · adverbmodifies strökströkslipped offströk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasePast tense of stryka, mistagged as an adjective.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of strökavoffav · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of strökträskornathe wooden shoesträskorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of strökavout ofav · prepositionpreposition marking vanagammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vanavanahabitvana · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of strökochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärmadeapproachednärma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ströksighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of närmadedörrendoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of närmadeBut it still went so much against him to show himself to Father and Mother that he could not bring himself to raise his hand to knock.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of barbarcarriedba · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceTagged present tense, but every occurrence is the old preterite of bära ("carried"), not the present.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of baralltjämtstillalltjämt · adverbmodifies barsåso muchså · adverbmodifies baremotagainstemot · adverbdepends on baratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of visainfinitive marker before a verb.
visato showvisa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of barsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of visaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking farfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of visaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with farattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of orkadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of orkadeintenotinte · particlemodifies orkadeorkadehad the strength toorka · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of barlyftato liftlyfta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of orkadehandenhandhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lyftaförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of knackaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of knackainfinitive marker before a verb.
knackaknockknacka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on lyfta“It's Morten Goosey-Gander this is about,” he thought then, “he, who has been your best friend ever since you last stood here.”
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gällerärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to gällerMårtenMortenMårten · proper noun, nominativesubject of gällerthe studio translation renders this name as 'Morten'.
gåskarlgandergåskarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Mårtendetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gällergälleraboutgälla · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to gällerhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktedåthendå · adverbmodifies tänktehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktesomwhosom · pronounsubject of vänThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of vänvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to vändinyourdu · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of vänbästabestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies vänvänfriendvän · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on hanalltever sinceallt · adverbintroduces the clause of stodsedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase alltduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tänktehärherehär · adverbmodifies stodsistlastsist · adverbmodifies stodAnd in an instant he remembered everything he and the gander had gone through on frozen lakes and stormy seas and among dangerous beasts of prey.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiini · prepositionpreposition marking ögonblickettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ögonblickögonblickmomentögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of påmindepåminderememberedpåmi · adjective, nominativehead of the phrasehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of påmindesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of påmindealltallall · adverbmodifies påmindevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of gåtthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with hanmorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttgone throughgå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on påmindeigenomthroughigenom · prepositiondepends on gåttpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sjöarfrusnafrozenfrusen · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sjöarsjöarlakessjö · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gåttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstormigtstormystormig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with sjöarhavseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gåttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblandamongbland · prepositionpreposition marking rovdjurfarligadangerousfarlig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies rovdjurrovdjurbeasts of preyrovdjur · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with havHis heart swelled with gratitude and love, and he overcame himself and knocked on the door.
Hjärtatthe heartHjärtat · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of svälldesvälldeswelledsvälldema · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking tacksamhettacksamhetgratitudetacksamhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of svälldeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkärleklovekärlek · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with tacksamhetochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of övervannövervannovercameövervann · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with svälldesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of övervannsjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sigochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslogknockedslå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with övervannLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking dörrendörrendoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slog- 34
“Was there someone who wanted to come in?” said Father, and opened it.
Varwasvar · adverbhead of the phrasedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase Varnågonsomeonenågon · pronoun, common gender, singularpart of the phrase Varsomwhosom · pronounsubject of villeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
villewantedvilja · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on någonininin · adverbdepends on villesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencefarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationöppnadeopenedöppna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with far - 35
“Mother, you mustn't touch the gander!” cried the boy, and at that very moment the gander and Dunfin, who lay bound on a bench, let out a cry of joy, so that he heard that they were still alive.
Mormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ropadeniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rörasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
fårmustn'tfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of röraintenotinte · particlemodifies röraröratouchröra · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to Morgåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of röramorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
ropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking detsammadetsammathe samedensamma · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of gåvogåvogavegåvo · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with ropadeMistagged as adjective; it is the archaic plural past tense of 'ge/giva' (to give).
gåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of ropademorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationDunfinDunfinDunfin · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with gåskarlensomwhosom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bundnalågolaylågo · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase somPast plural of 'ligga' (to lie); mistagged as a noun. Lemma should be 'ligga'.
bundnatiedbunden · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on Dunfinpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking bänkenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bänkbänkbenchbänk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bundnatillouttill · prepositionpreposition marking glädjeskrikettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of glädjeskrikglädjeskrikcry of joyglädjeskrik · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ropadesåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of hördeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ropadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vorodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of voroännustillännu · adverbmodifies vorovorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on hördearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
vidalivevid · prepositionpreposition marking livlivaliveliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of voro - 36
The one who also let out a cry of joy was Mother.
Deniten · pronoun, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomwhosom · pronounsubject of gavThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies gavgavlet outge · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on DenLight-verb idioms in the examples: "gav ... till ett klagoskrik" = let out a cry; "gav sig tid" = took the time — not literal "gave" in either case.
tillouttill · prepositionpreposition marking glädjeskrikettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of glädjeskrikglädjeskrikcry of joyglädjeskrik · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gavdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of morvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to mormormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on Den “Why, how big and fine you've grown!” she cried.
Nejnonej · interjectiondepends on ropadevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of blivitduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinedepends on Nejstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgrannsplendidgrann · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with storFunctions as the adjective 'grann' (fine/splendid), mistagged as a noun.
ropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropade- 37
The boy had not come into the cottage, but stood still on the threshold like one who is not sure how he will be received.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitintenotinte · particlemodifies kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceininin · adverbdepends on kommitiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommitutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
stodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kommitkvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on stodpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking tröskelntröskelnthresholdtröskel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodliksomlikeliksom · prepositionquantifies stodenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularquantifies stodsomwhosom · pronounsubject of säkerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies säkerärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to säkersäkersuresäker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on stodpåofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of blihurhowhur · adverbmodifies blihanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bliskallwillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on säkermottagenreceivedmottag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bliMislabeled as a noun; mottagen is the past participle of mottaga ("to receive").
“Thank God I have you here again!” said Mother.
GudGodGud · proper noun, nominativesubject of »varewhethervare · conjunctionlinks the coordinationAppears in the correlative vare sig ... eller ... ("whether ... or ...").
tackthankstack · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase vareochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase varelovpraiselov · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase vareförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of harattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of harjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on »digyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of harhärherehär · adverbmodifies harigenagainigen · adverbmodifies harsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade“Come in!
KomcomeKom · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceininin · adverbdepends on KomCome in!”
KomcomeKom · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceininin · adverbdepends on Kom—“You shall be welcome!” said Father, and not another word could he get out.
VälkommenwelcomeVälkommen · proper noun, nominativedirect object of varaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varavarabevara · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fåfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies ordettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ordordwordord · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on sademeranothermycket · adverbmodifies ordkundecouldkunna · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåfågetfå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceframforwardfram · adverbdepends on få- 38
But the boy still lingered on the threshold.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dröjdedröjdelingereddröja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceännustillännu · adverbmodifies dröjdepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking tröskelntröskelnthresholdtröskel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of dröjde He could not understand that they would be so glad of him, such as he was.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förståkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förståintenotinte · particlemodifies förståförståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gladadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gladablevobecameblevo · adverbcopula linking to gladaArchaic plural past tense of bli ("to become"), not an adverb; the parser mistagged it.
såsoså · adverbmodifies gladagladagladglad · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on förstååtofåt · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gladasådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on förståsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
somassom · pronoundirect object of varThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on sådanBut then Mother came and threw her arms around him and drew him into the room, and only then did he notice how matters stood.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslogthrewslå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with komLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
armarnathe armsarmarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of slogomaroundom · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slogochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdrogpulleddra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with komhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of drogininin · adverbdepends on drogiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking rummetrummetroomrum · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of drogochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåonly thendå · adverbmodifies märktemärktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with komhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märktehurhowhur · adverbmodifies vardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to fattfattstoodfatt · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of märkte- 39
“Mother and Father, I'm big, I'm human again!” he cried.
Mormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of storochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with MorjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of storärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of människaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to människamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularparallel clause to storigenagainigen · adverbmodifies människaropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropade
The particulars
- The text
- Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige, Selma Lagerlöf. The Wonderful Adventures of Nils.
- Translation
- Public-domain Swedish (Lagerlöf, d. 1940; published 1906–07). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
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- Every word of the text, by letter.
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