Japanese · Lesson 15
Lesson 15
Sounds, kana, and the first conversations
Learning languages from teachers · Dialogue 1 of 4
Learning Japanese at school
*あなたがたは このがっこうで 何語を ならいますか* means "What language do you learn at this school?" The students answer that they learn Japanese.
The speakers then ask who the students learn from and whether the teachers teach Japanese to them.
The school and the people
In *このがっこうで*, *で* marks the school where the learning happens.
*私たちは せんせいに 日本語を ならいます* means "We learn Japanese from a teacher." Here, *に* marks the teacher as the source.
In *あなたがたに*, *に* marks the people who receive the teaching.
Kanji: 日, 語
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 1
あなたがたはこのがっこうでなにごをならいますか。
What language do you learn at this school?
あなたyouがたyouはtopicこのthisがっこうschoolでat何語what languageをobjectならいlearnますpoliteか。question - 2
わたくしたちはにほんごをならいます。
We learn Japanese.
私weたちweはtopic日本Japanese語Japaneseをobjectならいlearnます。polite - 3
あなたがたはだれににほんごをならいますか。
From whom do you learn Japanese?
あなたyouがたyouはtopicだれwhomにfrom日本Japanese語Japaneseをobjectならいlearnますpoliteか。question - 4
わたくしたちはせんせいににほんごをならいます。
We learn Japanese from a teacher.
私weたちweはtopicせんせいteacherにfrom日本Japanese語Japaneseをobjectならいlearnます。polite - 5
せんせいはあなたがたににほんごをおしえますか。
Do teachers teach Japanese to you?
せんせいteachersはtopicあなたyouがたyouにto日本Japanese語Japaneseをobjectおしえteachますpoliteか。question - 6
はい、そうです。
Yes, that's right.
はい、yesそうthat is rightです。is
Particle DE
In this lesson the particle DE is used to indicate the place where an action other than locomotive action is performed. Locomotive action verbs are those that require movement from place to place like the verbs 'to jump,' 'to fly,' 'to walk,' 'to swim,' etc. The particle that denotes the place where a locomotive action is performed will be introduced in the later lesson. The existential verbs ARU (ARIMASU) and IRU(IMASU) are not action verbs in Japanese.
GAKKOO DE NIPPONGO O NARAIMASU.
"I'll learn Japanese at the school."
KYOOSHITSU DE NIPPONGO O HANASHIMASU.
"I speak Japanese in the classroom."
KOKO DE HON O YOMIMASU.
"I'll read a book here."Particle NI to indicate the indirect object
In this lesson the particle NI is used to indicate the indirect object, e.g.,
SENSEI WA SEITO NI NIPPONGO O OSHIEMASU.
"The teacher teaches the student Japanese."
In English, a phrase introduced by the preposition 'to' or 'for' can be used instead of an indirect object. Thus, the translation of the above example would become:
"The teacher teaches Japanese to the student."
WATAKUSHI WA TOMODACHI NI KAKIMASHITA.
"I wrote to my friend."Particle NI to indicate the person from whom the action is received.
In this instance, the particle NI is used to indicate the person from whom the action is received and translated into English as 'from.' The verbs involved are so-called receiving verbs such as 'to hear' or 'to learn' as contrasted to giving verbs like 'to give,' 'to teach,' etc.
WATAKUSHI WA SENSEI NI KANJI O NARAIMASU.
"I learn KANJI from my teacher."
WATAKUSHI WA TOMODACHI NI KIKIMASHITA.
"I heard (it) from my friend."--GA WAKARIMASU
--GA DEKIMASU
A transitive verb is one that takes a direct object which is normally indicated by the particle O, and an intransitive verb is one that does not take a direct object.
Many English verbs can be used either as transitive or intransitive as in the following examples:
Transitive Verb (v.t.) | Intransitive Verb (v.i.)
(1) I opened the door. (AKEMASHITA) | The door opened. (AKIMASHITA)
(2) I closed the door. (SHIMEMASHITA) | The door closed. (SHIMARIMASHITA)
It is also important to note that there are some Japanese intransitive verbs which call for transitive verbs in the English translation and vice versa. Thus, in the sentences,
WATAKUSHI WA FURANSU-GO GA WAKARIMASU.
"I understand French" and
WATAKUSHI WA FURANSU-GO GA DEKIMASU.
"I speak French."
the subjects of the intransitive verbs WAKARIMASU and
DEKIMASU are potential verbs by themselves and literally mean 'to be understandable' and 'to be able to be done' respectively.Emphatic WA
The particle WA sometimes replaces such particles as O, GA, and singles out a certain object and compares it with other possible objects. Thus, in sentences like:
WATAKUSHI WA KANJI WA NARAIMASEN.
(O)
WATAKUSHI WA FURANSU-GO WA WAKARIMASEN.
(GA)
KANJI is singled out and compared with other objects such as KATAKANA, HIRAGANA, etc. in sentence (a) and FURANSU-GO is singled out and compared with other objects such as NIPPONGO, EIGO, etc. in sentence (b). WA in both sentences (a) and (b) can be best translated as 'as for,' thus:
As for KANJI, I don't learn it.
As for French language, I don't understand it.CHITTO MO -- MASEN
SUKOSHI MO--MASEN
The phrases CHITTO MO or SUKOSHI MO are always used
in negative sentences and they mean 'not even a little.'
CHITTO MO TABEMASENDESHITA.
"I ate not even a little."
DOITSUGO WA SUKOSHI MO WAKARIMASEN.
"I don't understand German at all" or I understand German not even a little."-- TO IIMASU
For the structure 'one calls (A) O (B),' the pattern (A) O (B) TO IIMASU. If the speaker wishes to single out (A) from among many other possible ideas of the same category, the direct object (A) O can be changed to a notional subject (A) WA. Thus, the sentence can be changed to (A) WA (B) TO IIMASU.
The literal translation of the above sentence is 'one calls (A) (B),' but its free translation is '(A) is called (B).' Note that the particle TO denotes what is said or called.
The phrase -- TO IU is often used in front of a substantive to mention what the name of the thing or the person is, e.g.,
PAAKAA TO IU PEN ' a pen called Parker'
YAMADA TO IU SENSEI ' a teacher called Yamada'
SUMISU TO IU SEITO ' a student called Smith'- で
- --is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
- 何語
- what language
- を
- particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)
- か。
- either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
- だれ
- who?
- に
- on (See Gram. Notes)
Language difficulty and ability · Dialogue 2 of 4
Speaking and understanding Japanese
*日本語は むずかしいですか* means "Is the Japanese language difficult?" The answer says Japanese is fairly easy.
The conversation then turns to speaking and understanding Japanese.
The language before が
*あなたは 日本語が できますか* means "Can you speak Japanese?" The language appears with *が* before *できます*.
Kanji: 少
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 7
にほんごはむずかしいですか。
Is the Japanese language difficult?
日本Japanese語Japaneseはtopicむずかしいdifficultですisか。question - 8
いいえ、あまりむずかしくはありません。かなりやさしいです。
No, it's not too difficult. It's fairly easy.
いいえ、noあまりtooむずかしくdifficultはtopicありisませpoliteん。notかなりfairlyやさしいeasyです。is - 9
ジョンズいっとうへい、あなたはにほんごができますか。
Private Jones, can you speak Japanese?
ジョンズJonesいっとうprivateへい、privateあなたyouはtopic日本Japanese語Japaneseがsubjectできspeakますpoliteか。question - 10
いいえ、まだよくできません。まだまずいです。
No, I can't speak well yet. I am still poor at it.
いいえ、noまだyetよくwellできspeakませpoliteん。notまだstillまずいpoor at itです。is - 11
すこしはわかりますね。
You understand a little, don't you?
少しa littleはtopicわかりunderstandますpoliteね。right? - 12
はい、すこしはわかります。
Yes, I understand a little.
はい、yes少しa littleはtopicわかりunderstandます。polite
- むずかしい
- difficult
- かなり
- fairly
- やさしい
- easy
- が
- but (See Gram. Notes)
- まだ
- yet, still
- よく
- well, skillfully
- まずい
- poor, tasteless
- 少し
- little (quantity)
- ね。
- isn't it (See Grammar Notes)
Languages, scripts and meanings · Dialogue 3 of 4
Languages, scripts, and meaning
*ドイツ語も できますか* means "Can you speak German, too?" The answer denies any ability to speak German.
The speakers then discuss Japanese scripts and ask what a personal name means.
Three forms to hear
In *ドイツ語は ちっとも できません*, *は* singles out German, and *ちっとも* strengthens the negative meaning.
In *それは 「ちゃいろ」と 言ういみです*, the quoted wording *「ちゃいろ」* stands before *と*.
Kanji: 言
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 13
ドイツごもできますか。
Can you speak German, too?
ドイツGerman語Germanもalsoできspeakますpoliteか。question - 14
いいえ、ドイツごはちっともできません。
No, I can't speak German at all.
いいえ、noドイツGerman語Germanはtopicちっともat allできspeakませpoliteん。not - 15
あなたがたはかたかなもひらがなもならいますか。
Do you learn KATAKANA as well as HIRAGANA?
あなたyouがたyouはtopicかたかなkatakanaもalsoひらがなhiraganaもalsoならいlearnますpoliteか。question - 16
はい、そうです。
Yes, that's right.
はい、yesそうthat is rightです。is - 17
「ブラウン」はひとのなまえですが、それはなんといういみですか。
Brown is a personal name, but what does it mean?
「ブラウン」Brownはtopic人personのofなまえnameですisが、butそれthatはtopicなんwhatとquote言うcalledいみmeaningですisか。question - 18
それは「ちゃいろ」といういみです。
That means "CHAIRO.
それthatはtopic「ちゃいろ」brownとquote言うcalledいみmeaningです。is
- ちっとも
- not even a little (See Gram. Notes)
- かたかな
- KATAKANA syllabary
- ひらがな
- HIRAGANA syllabary
- 人
- people
- の
- See Grammar Notes
- なまえ
- name
- が、
- but (See Gram. Notes)
- と
- and (See Gram. Notes)
- いみ
- meaning
- 「ちゃいろ」
- brown
Naming colours across languages · Dialogue 4 of 4
A colour in English
*「みどり」は えい語で 「グリーン」と 言います* means "We say "green" for "MIDORI" in English."
The conversation then asks where one speaker learned French and whether that speaker reads French newspapers.
*私は べいこくの がっこうで ならいました* means "I learned it in school in America."
Kanji: 読
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 19
「みどり」はえいごでなんといいますか。
What do you call "MIDORI" in English?
「みどり」greenはtopicえい語Englishでin何whatとquote言いsayますpoliteか。question - 20
「みどり」はえいごで「グリーン」といいます。
We say "green" for "MIDORI" in English.
「みどり」greenはtopicえい語Englishでin「グリーン」greenとquote言いsayます。polite - 21
あなたはフランスごがよくわかりますが、どこでならいましたか。
You understand French language well, but where did you learn it?
あなたyouはtopicフランスFrench語Frenchがsubjectよくwellわかりunderstandますpoliteが、butどこwhereでatならいlearnましpoliteたpastか。question - 22
わたくしはべいこくのがっこうでならいました。
I learned it in school in America.
私IはtopicべいAmericaこくAmericaのofがっこうschoolでatならいlearnましpoliteた。past - 23
あなたはフランスごのしんぶんをよみますか。
Do you read French language newspapers?
あなたyouはtopicフランスFrench語Frenchのofしんぶんnewspapersをobject読みreadますpoliteか。question - 24
はい、まいにちよみます。
Yes, I read one everyday.
はい、yesまい日every day読みreadます。polite
- まい日
- everyday
Saying where actions happen · Pattern 1 1 of 2
Learning at this school
*私たちは このがっこうで 日本語を ならいます* means "We learn Japanese at this school."
The particle *で* follows the school, the place where the learning happens.
The place of an action
*で* marks the place where an action that does not move from place to place happens. It means "at" or "in".
*子どもたちは ここで えを かきます* means "Children draw pictures here." The drawing happens at *ここ*, "here."
- 25
わたくしたちはこのがっこうでにほんごをならいます。
We learn Japanese at this school.
私weたちweはtopicこのthisがっこうschoolでat日本Japanese語Japaneseをobjectならいlearnます。polite - 26
せいとはきょうしつでにほんごをはなします。
Students speak Japanese in the classroom.
せいstudentsとstudentsはtopicきょうしつclassroomでin日本Japanese語Japaneseをobjectはなしspeakます。polite - 27
せんせいはきょうしつでにほんごをおしえます。
Teachers teach Japanese in the classroom.
せんせいteachersはtopicきょうしつclassroomでin日本Japanese語Japaneseをobjectおしえteachます。polite - 28
わたくしたちはきょうしつでほんをよみます。
We read books in the classroom.
私weたちweはtopicきょうしつclassroomでin本booksをobject読みreadます。polite - 29
こどもたちはここでえをかきます。
Children draw pictures here.
子どもchildrenたちchildrenはtopicここhereでatえpicturesをobjectかきdrawます。polite - 30
わたくしはにほんでにほんごをならいました。
I learned Japanese in Japan.
私Iはtopic日本Japanでin日本Japanese語Japaneseをobjectならいlearnましpoliteた。past
- 子ども
- child, children
- ここ
- here
Asking where actions happen · Pattern 1 2 of 2
Asking where
*あなたは どこで 日本語を ならいましたか* means "Where did you learn Japanese?"
*どこで* asks for the place of the action, using the *で* from *このがっこうで*.
The place in the answer
*私は 日本で 日本語を ならいました* means "I learned Japanese in Japan."
The answer replaces *どこ* with *日本* and keeps *で* after the place.
- 31
あなたがたはこのがっこうでなにごをならいますか。
What language do you learn at this school?
あなたyouがたyouはtopicこのthisがっこうschoolでat何語what languageをobjectならいlearnますpoliteか。question - 32
わたくしたちはにほんごをならいます。
We learn Japanese.
私weたちweはtopic日本Japanese語Japaneseをobjectならいlearnます。polite - 33
せいとたちはきょうしつでにほんごをはなしますか。
Do students speak Japanese in the classroom?
せいstudentsとstudentsたちstudentsはtopicきょうしつclassroomでin日本Japanese語Japaneseをobjectはなしspeakますpoliteか。question - 34
はい、きょうしつでにほんごをはなします。
Yes, they speak Japanese in the classroom.
はい、yesきょうしつclassroomでin日本Japanese語Japaneseをobjectはなしspeakます。polite - 35
あなたはどこでにほんごをならいましたか。
Where did you learn Japanese?
あなたyouはtopicどこwhereでat日本Japanese語Japaneseをobjectならいlearnましpoliteたpastか。question - 36
わたくしはにほんでにほんごをならいました。
I learned Japanese in Japan.
私Iはtopic日本Japanでin日本Japanese語Japaneseをobjectならいlearnましpoliteた。past
Teaching, telling and writing · Pattern 2 1 of 2
Teaching the students
*せんせいは せいとに 日本語を おしえます* means "The teacher teaches the students Japanese."
The particle *に* follows the students, who receive the teaching.
The person who receives
*に* marks the person who receives teaching, speech, a statement, or writing. English often places "to" before that person.
*私は ともだちに かきました* means "I wrote to my friend." Here, *に* marks the friend who receives the writing.
- 37
せんせいはせいとににほんごをおしえます。
The teacher teaches the students Japanese.
せんせいteacherはtopicせいstudentsとstudentsにto日本Japanese語Japaneseをobjectおしえteachます。polite - 38
せんせいはせいとにフランスごをおしえます。
The teacher teaches French to the students.
せんせいteacherはtopicせいstudentとstudentにtoフランスFrench語Frenchをobjectおしえteachます。polite - 39
あなたはおくさんにはなしましたか。
Did you speak to your wife?
あなたyouはtopicおくwifeさんwifeにtoはなしspeakましdid, politeたdid, politeか。question - 40
わたくしはともだちにいいました。
I told my friend.
私Iはtopicともだちfriendにto言いtellましdid, politeた。did, polite - 41
わたくしはともだちにかきました。
I wrote to my friend.
私Iはtopicともだちfriendにtoかきwriteましdid, politeた。did, polite - 42
あなたはそれをおくさんにはなしましたか。
Did you tell it to your wife?
あなたyouはtopicそれitをobjectおくwifeさんwifeにtoはなしtellましdid, politeたdid, politeか。question
- ともだち
- friend
Asking who receives information · Pattern 2 2 of 2
Asking who receives
*あなたは だれに ドイツ語を おしえますか* means "To whom do you teach German?"
*だれに* asks for the person who receives the teaching. The answer uses *ぐん人に* for the soldiers who receive it.
The recipient in the answer
*ぐん人に ドイツ語を おしえます* means "I teach German to the soldiers."
The answer replaces *だれ* with *ぐん人* and keeps *に* after the recipient.
- 43
ええ、かないにはなしました。
Yes, I told it to my wife.
ええ、yesかないwifeにtoはなしtellましdid, politeた。did, polite - 44
あなたはだれにドイツごをおしえますか。
To whom do you teach German?
あなたyouはtopicだれwhomにtoドイツGerman語Germanをobjectおしえteachますpoliteか。question - 45
ぐんじんにドイツごをおしえます。
I teach German to the soldiers.
ぐsoldiersんsoldiers人soldiersにtoドイツGerman語Germanをobjectおしえteachます。polite - 46
あなたはそれをたむらさんにいいましたか。
Did you tell it to Mr. Tamura?
あなたyouはtopicそれitをobjectたむらMr. TamuraさんMr. Tamuraにto言いtellましdid, politeたdid, politeか。question - 47
いいえ、まだいいません。
No, I haven't told it yet.
いいえ、noまだyet言いtellませnot, politeん。not, polite
- ええ、
- Yes
- かない
- wife (self)
Learning and hearing from others · Pattern 3
Learning from a teacher
*私は せんせいに 日本語を ならいます* means "I learn Japanese from my teacher."
With learning, *に* marks the teacher as the person from whom the action is received.
Receiving from someone
With receiving verbs such as learning and hearing, *に* marks the person from whom the action comes. It means "from."
*私は ともだちに それを ききました* means "I heard it from my friend." Here, the information comes from the friend.
- 48
わたくしはせんせいににほんごをならいます。
I learn Japanese from my teacher.
私Iはtopicせんせいteacherにfrom日本Japanese語Japaneseをobjectならいlearnます。polite - 49
わたくしはせんせいにかんじをならいます。
I learn Kanji from my teacher.
私Iはtopicせんせいteacherにfromかんじkanjiをobjectならいlearnます。polite - 50
わたくしはともだちにそれをききました。
I heard it from my friend.
私Iはtopicともだちfriendにfromそれitをobjectききhearましdid, politeた。did, polite - 51
わたくしはフランスじんにフランスごをならいました。
I learned French from a Frenchman.
私IはtopicフランスFrenchman人FrenchmanにfromフランスFrench語Frenchをobjectならいlearnましdid, politeた。did, polite - 52
あなたはだれににほんごをならいましたか。
From whom did you learn Japanese?
あなたyouはtopicだれwhomにfrom日本Japanese語Japaneseをobjectならいlearnましdid, politeたdid, politeか。question - 53
にほんじんのせんせいにならいました。
I learned it from a Japanese teacher.
日本Japanese人Japaneseのofせんせいteacherにfromならいlearnましdid, politeた。did, polite - 54
あなたはだれにそれをききましたか。
From whom did you hear that?
あなたyouはtopicだれwhomにfromそれthatをobjectききhearましdid, politeたdid, politeか。question - 55
ともだちにききました。
I heard it from a friend.
ともだちfriendにfromききhearましdid, politeた。did, polite - 56
あなたはにほんじんのせんせいにかんじをならいますか。
Do you learn Kanji from a Japanese teacher?
あなたyouはtopic日本Japanese人Japaneseのofせんせいteacherにfromかんじkanjiをobjectならいlearnますpoliteか。question - 57
はい、そうです。にほんじんのせんせいにならいます。
Yes, that's right. I learn it from a Japanese teacher.
はい、yesそうrightです。is日本Japanese人Japaneseのofせんせいteacherにfromならいlearnます。polite
- かんじ
- Kanji (Chinese characters)
Understanding and speaking languages · Pattern 4 1 of 2
Understanding English
*私は えい語が わかります* means "I understand English." The language appears with *が* before *わかります*.
Languages with ability verbs
A language takes *が* with the intransitive verbs *わかります* and *できます*.
*私は 日本語が できます* means "I speak Japanese." Here, *が* marks Japanese rather than a direct object.
One language singled out
*は* can replace *が* or *を* to single one thing out and compare it with other possible things.
*私は ドイツ語は わかりません* means "I don't understand German language." Here, *は* singles out German from other languages.
- 58
わたくしはえいごがわかります。
I understand English.
私Iはtopicえい語Englishがsubjectわかりunderstandます。polite - 59
わたくしはにほんごができます。
I speak Japanese.
私Iはtopic日本Japanese語Japaneseがsubjectできspeakます。polite - 60
あのかたはロシアごがわかります。
He understands the Russian language.
あのthatかたpersonはtopicロシアRussian語Russianがsubjectわかりunderstandます。polite - 61
あのかたはフランスごができます。
He speaks French language.
あのthatかたpersonはtopicフランスFrench語Frenchがsubjectできspeakます。polite - 62
わたくしはドイツごはわかりません。
I don't understand German language.
私IはtopicドイツGerman語Germanはtopicわかりunderstandませnot, politeん。not, polite - 63
このこどもはにほんごがわかります。
This child understands the Japanese language.
このthis子どもchildはtopic日本Japanese語Japaneseがsubjectわかりunderstandます。polite
Asking about language ability · Pattern 4 2 of 2
Asking about language ability
*あなたは 日本語が できますか* means "Do you speak Japanese?" The question uses *が* with the language, as in *日本語が できます*.
*ええ、 日本語が 少しできます* means "Yes, I speak Japanese a little." The answer keeps *が*.
A contrasted negative answer
*いいえ、 ロシア語は わかりません* means "No, I don't understand the Russian language."
The negative answer uses contrasting *は* in *ロシア語は* to single out Russian.
- 64
あなたはにほんごができますか。
Do you speak Japanese?
あなたyouはtopic日本Japanese語Japaneseがsubjectできspeakますpoliteか。question - 65
ええ、にほんごがすこしできます。
Yes, I speak Japanese a little.
ええ、yes日本Japanese語Japaneseがsubject少しa littleできspeakます。polite - 66
あのかたはえいごがわかりますか。
Does he understand English?
あのthatかたpersonはtopicえい語Englishがsubjectわかりunderstandますpoliteか。question - 67
ええ、えいごがよくわかります。
Yes, he understands English well.
ええ、yesえい語Englishがsubjectよくwellわかりunderstandます。polite - 68
あなたはロシアごがわかりますか。
Do you understand the Russian language?
あなたyouはtopicロシアRussian語Russianがsubjectわかりunderstandますpoliteか。question - 69
いいえ、ロシアごはわかりません。
No, I don't understand the Russian language.
いいえ、noロシアRussian語Russianはtopicわかりunderstandませnot, politeん。not, polite
Not doing something at all · Pattern 5 1 of 2
No German at all
*私は ドイツ語は ちっとも できません* means "I can't speak German at all."
*ちっとも* works with the negative *できません* to deny even a little ability.
Not even a little
*ちっとも* and *少しも* mean "not even a little." They always occur with a negative.
*インキは 少しも ありません* means "There is no ink at all." The form applies to absence as well as actions.
- 70
わたくしはドイツごはちっともできません。
I can't speak German at all.
私IはtopicドイツGerman語Germanはtopicちっともat allできspeakませnot, politeん。not, polite - 71
わたくしはドイツごはすこしもできません。
I can't speak German at all.
私IはtopicドイツGerman語Germanはtopic少しat allもat allできspeakませnot, politeん。not, polite - 72
わたくしはフランスごはちっともわかりません。
I don't understand French language at all.
私IはtopicフランスFrench語Frenchはtopicちっともat allわかりunderstandませnot, politeん。not, polite - 73
あのかたはさかなをちっともたべません。
He doesn't eat fish at all.
あのthatかたpersonはtopicさかなfishをobjectちっともat allたべeatませnot, politeん。not, polite - 74
あのかたはにほんごはすこしもできません。
He can't speak Japanese at all.
あのthatかたpersonはtopic日本Japanese語Japaneseはtopic少しat allもat allできspeakませnot, politeん。not, polite - 75
インキはすこしもありません。
There is no ink at all.
インキinkはtopic少しat allもat allありexistませnot, politeん。not, polite - 76
このあかんぼうはちっともあるきません。
This baby doesn't walk at all.
このthisあかんぼうbabyはtopicちっともat allあるきwalkませnot, politeん。not, polite
- インキ
- ink
- あかんぼう
- baby
Denying any language ability · Pattern 5 2 of 2
No understanding at all
*いいえ、 私は ドイツ語は ちっとも わかりません* means "No, I don't understand German at all."
The language takes the contrasting *は* from *ドイツ語は わかりません*. *ちっとも* adds "not even a little" to the negative.
No speaking at all
*いいえ、 タイ語は 少しもできません* means "No, I can't speak the Thai language at all."
*少しも* gives the same complete negative meaning with *できません*.
- 77
あなたはドイツごがわかりますか。
Do you understand German language.
あなたyouはtopicドイツGerman語Germanがsubjectわかりunderstandますpoliteか。question - 78
いいえ、わたくしはドイツごはちっともわかりません。
No, I don't understand German at all.
いいえ、no私IはtopicドイツGerman語Germanはtopicちっともat allわかりunderstandませnot, politeん。not, polite - 79
あなたはタイごができますか。
Can you speak the Thai language?
あなたyouはtopicタイThai語Thaiがsubjectできspeakますpoliteか。question - 80
いいえ、タイごはすこしもできません。
No, I can't speak the Thai language at all.
いいえ、noタイThai語Thaiはtopic少しat allもat allできspeakませnot, politeん。not, polite - 81
あのおとこのこはにほんごをはなしますか。
Does that boy speak Japanese?
あのthat男の子boyはtopic日本Japanese語Japaneseをobjectはなしspeakますpoliteか。question - 82
いいえ、にほんごをちっともはなしません。
No, he doesn't speak Japanese at all.
いいえ、no日本Japanese語Japaneseをobjectちっともat allはなしspeakませnot, politeん。not, polite
- 男の子
- boy
Saying what things are called · Pattern 6 1 of 2
A colour called green
*「みどり」は えい語で 「グリーン」と 言います* means "MIDORI is called green in English."
The name *「グリーン」* stands before *と 言います*.
The name before と
*と 言います* tells what a person, object, or institution is called. The particle *と* follows the quoted name.
*この ペンは 「パーカー」と 言います* means "This pen is called a Parker." Here, *「パーカー」* is the quoted name.
- 83
「みどり」はえいごで「グリーン」といいます。
MIDORI is called green in English.
「みどり」greenはtopicえい語Englishでin「グリーン」greenとquote言いcallます。polite - 84
「ブラウン」はにほんごで「ちゃいろ」といいます。
Brown is called CHAIRO in Japanese.
「ブラウン」brownはtopic日本Japanese語Japaneseでin「ちゃいろ」brownとquote言いcallます。polite - 85
わたくしのなまえはスミスといいます。
My name is called Smith.
私Iの'sなまえnameはtopicスミスSmithとquote言いcallます。polite - 86
このペンは「パーカー」といいます。
This pen is called a Parker.
このthisペンpenはtopic「パーカー」Parkerとquote言いcallます。polite - 87
このがっこうは「ディーエルアイダブリューシー」といいます。
This school is called DLIWC.
このthisがっこうschoolはtopic「DLIWC」DLIWCとquote言いcallます。polite - 88
あなたのおなまえはなんといいますか。
What is your name?
あなたyouのyourおhonorableなまえnameはtopic何whatとquote言いsayますpoliteか。question
- ペン
- pen
Asking what things are called · Pattern 6 2 of 2
Asking for a name
*「グレイ」は 日本語で 何と 言いますか* means "What is gray called in Japanese?"
*何と* asks for the name before the *と 言います* pattern.
The name in the answer
*「グレイ」は 日本語で 「ねずみいろ」と 言います* means "Gray is called NEZUMI-IRO in Japanese."
The answer replaces *何* with *「ねずみいろ」* and keeps *と 言います* after the name.
- 89
わたくしは「ジョンズ」といいます。
I am called Jones.
私Iはtopic「ジョンズ」Jonesとquote言いam calledます。polite - 90
このがっこうのなまえはなんといいますか。
What is the name of this school called?
このthisがっこうschoolのofなまえnameはtopic何whatとquote言いcallますpoliteか。question - 91
こくぼうしょうごがっこうといいます。
It is called the Defense Language Institute.
こくDefense MinistryぼうDefense MinistryしょうDefense Ministry語language schoolがっこうlanguage schoolとquote言いis calledます。polite - 92
「グレイ」はにほんごでなんといいますか。
What is gray called in Japanese?
「グレイ」grayはtopic日本Japanese語Japaneseでin何whatとquote言いcallますpoliteか。question - 93
「グレイ」はにほんごで「ねずみいろ」といいます。
Gray is called NEZUMI-IRO in Japanese.
「グレイ」grayはtopic日本Japanese語Japaneseでin「ねずみgrayいろ」grayとquote言いis calledます。polite
- いろ」
- color
Language, writing and direction words · Word list 1 of 3
Languages, writing, and direction
These words cover languages, Japanese writing, meaning, frequency, the United States, and direction.
*何語* means "what language," while *かな* means "Japanese syllabary."
The particle *に* can mean "from" or "to."
- 94
なにご
what language
何語what language - 95
かたかな
KATAKANA syllabary
かたかなkatakana syllabary - 96
ひらがな
HIRAGANA syllabary
ひらがなhiragana syllabary - 97
かな
Japanese syllabary
かなJapanese syllabary - 98
いみ
meaning
いみmeaning - 99
まいにち
everyday
まい日every day - 100
べいこく
U.S.A.
べいこくUnited States - 101
で
at, in (See Gram. Notes)
でat or in - 102
に
from (See Gram.Notes)
にfrom - 103
に
to (See Gram. Notes)
にto
- かな
- Japanese syllabary
- べいこく
- U.S.A.
Learning, speaking and describing words · Word list 2 of 3
Learning, speaking, and describing
These words cover learning, teaching, ability, reading, saying, naming, difficulty, and quality.
*ならいます* means "to learn," while *おしえます* means "to teach."
- 104
ならいます
polite form of NARAU (v.t.) to learn
ならいますlearn - 105
おしえます
polite form of OSHIERU (v.t.) to teach
おしえますteach - 106
できます
polite form of DEKIRU (v.i.) to be able; to speak
できますcan - 107
わかります
polite form of WAKARU (v.i.) to understand
わかりますunderstand - 108
よみます
polite form of YOMU (v.t.) to read
読みますread - 109
いいます
to say
言いますsay - 110
--といいます
-- is called
--と言いますis called - 111
むずかしい
difficult
むずかしいdifficult - 112
まずい
poor, tasteless
まずいtasteless - 113
やさしい
easy
やさしいeasy
- ならいます
- polite form of NARAU (v.t.) to learn
- おしえます
- polite form of OSHIERU (v.t.) to teach
- できます
- polite form of DEKIRU (v.i.) to be able; to speak
- わかります
- polite form of WAKARU (v.i.) to understand
- 読みます
- polite form of YOMU (v.t.) to read
- 言います
- to say
- --と言います
- -- is called
Degree and meaning words · Word list 3 of 3
Degree and meaning
These words cover degree, continuation, skill, quantity, total negation, and questions about meaning.
*まだ* means "yet" or "still." *少しも* means "not even a little."
*何と言ういみ ですか* asks "What does it mean?"
- 114
まだ
yet, still
まだyet - 115
よく
well, skillfully
よくwell - 116
かなり
fairly
かなりfairly - 117
すこし
little (quantity)
少しa little - 118
すこしは
a little
少しはa little - 119
ちっとも
not even a little (See Gram. Notes)
ちっともnot at all - 120
すこしも
not even a little (See Gram. Notes)
少しもnot even a little - 121
なんといういみですか
What's the meaning of it? What does it mean?
何と言ういみですかwhat does it mean?
Homework Assignment
1 Listen to the tape and practice pronunciation.
2 Memorize the Dialogue.
3 Read the Grammar Notes
4 Practice reading and writing of KANJI.- 少しは
- a little
- 少しも
- not even a little (See Gram. Notes)
- 何と言ういみですか
- What's the meaning of it? What does it mean?
The particulars
- The course
- Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours.
- Reading aloud
- Digital narration, directed by 1732 Studios.
- The book
- Botchan, the work this course leads to, free to read here.
- Data
- JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents