Japanese Basic Course 1732 Studios

Japanese · Lesson 70

Lesson 72

Reading Japan

168 lines

Planning a coastal drive · Dialogue 1 of 6

Kamakura on the coastal route

*と中 鎌倉によって、そこから 海岸に そって 西へ ドライブすると、海岸のけしきは すばらしいです* describes the splendid coastal scenery west of Kamakura.

Kamakura is a city on the Miura Peninsula facing Sagami Bay. It is about an hour from Tokyo by express train.

Hakone as the destination

*箱根は どうでしょう* means "How about Hakone?" The family drive heads toward this mountain resort area.

Hakone is in Kanagawa Prefecture. It has hot springs, lovely lakes, and picturesque scenery.

Kanji: 岸

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

Kanji: 海, 西

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

  1. 1

    "ドライブ"

    “A Drive”

    "quote
    ドライブ"a drive
  2. 2

    こんしゅうまつかぞくづれでドライブにいきたいとおもってるんですが、どこがいいでしょうか。

    I am hoping to go driving with my family this weekend, but where do you suppose is the best

  3. 3

    はこねはどうでしょう。

    How about Hakone?

  4. 4

    なかなかよいところだそうですね。

    I understand it is a very nice place.

  5. 5

    とちゅうかまくらによって、そこからかいがんにそってにしへドライブすると、かいがんのけしきはすばらしいです。

    If you stop by at Kamakura and from there drive west along the sea shore, the seashore scenery is splendid.

  6. 6

    そのあたりうつくしいとききました。

    I heard that it is beautiful around there.

Phrase modifier.
A phrase or clause ending with a particle can be used as a modifier of nominals. In this case a particle NO is used between the phrase modifier and the nominal.

Particle Phrase + NO + Nominal | Meaning
KOKO KARA + NO + NAGAME | View from here
TOMODACHI E + NO + TEGAMI | a letter to a friend
UCHI DE + NO + BENKYOO | studying at home
NIHONJIN TO + NO + KAIWA | conversation with a Japanese
GAKKOO MADE + NO + UNTEN | driving to school
NIHON E ITTE KARA + NO + BENKYOO | studying after I go to japan
DOKO E ITTE MO “No matter where one goes,”
TE-form of verbs and i-adjectives plus MO may follow an interrogative pronouns, and such sequence has a generalized rather than an interrogative meaning “no matter”.

Form | Meaning
NANI O TABETE MO | no matter what one eats
NANI GA ATTE MO | no matter what there is
DOKO E ITTE MO | no matter where one goes
DARE GA KITE MO | no matter who comes
ITSU MITE MO | no matter when one sees
NANJI NI IKITAKUTE MO | no matter what time one wants to go
DONNA NI ATSUKUTE MO | no matter how hot it may be
DOO SHITE MO | no matter what one does

GOO
GOO occurs with the numerals and used as a counter of rooms, trains, roads, etc.

ICHI-GOO / NI-GOO / SAN-GOO / YON-GOO / GO-GOO / ROKU-GOO / SICHI-GOO or NANA-GOO / HACHI-GOO / KYUU-GOO / JUU-GOO / NAN-GOO

Prefix YOKU.
Prefix YOKU is attached to the nominals of time element and means “following ---” or “next ---”.

Form | Meaning
YOKU-ASA or YOKU CHOO | next morning
YOKU-JITSU | following day
YOKU-BAN | next evening
YOKU-GETSU | next month

Form | Meaning
YOKU-NEN | next year
YOKU-TOOKA | The following day, the 10th

Conjunctive base (2nd base) of verbs used as nouns.
Certain conjunctive stems of verbs are used as nouns.

Verbs | Conjunctive Stem | Meaning
KAERU | KAERI | return, coming back
YASUMU | YASUMI | rest, holiday
TSUKAU | TSUKAI | errand
CHIGAU | CHIGAI | difference
TORIATSUKAU | TORIATSUKAI | handling
ODOROKU | ODOROKI | surprise
HANASU | HANASHI | story, talk
NOKORU | NOKORI | remainder
KAMAKURA
KAMAKURA City occupies part of Miura Peninsula and

faces Sagami Bay. The city abounds in swimming resorts favored with sublime panoramas of Mt. Fuji and Enoshima Island. Kamakura is approximately an hour’s ride by express train from Tokyo and boasts a large number of temples and shrines as well as ancient artistic treasures. The most famous landmark of Kamakura is the Great Buddha (Daibutsu), a bronze figure 42 ft 6 inches high and weighing 103 tons.
Odawara
Odawara has become the center of industry, culture, education and communication in the western part of the Kanagawa Prefecture. The site of Odawara castle is famous for cherry blossoms in the spring. Establishment of the new Odawara Station is expected to contribute to the development of traffic, industry, culture, and tourism.
Enoshima
Enoshima Island is thriving as the sight-seeing center of Fujisawa City.
Zushi
Zushi City has a quiet Hiroyama Park, abounding in scenic beauty.
Hakone
Located in Kanagawa Prefecture and renowned for its hot springs, lovely lakes, and picturesque scenery, is also part of the famous Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park which borders the three prefectures of Kanagawa, Shizuoka and Yamanashi.
Yumoto
Located 350 feet above sea level, it is one of the oldest towns and most popular hot springs in the entire Hakone area. Its waters are said to be beneficial for various nervous disorders.
Atami
The Riviera of Japan, Atami is one of the largest Izu Peninsula resorts with beautiful hot spring hotels, souvenir shops and amusement centers, superb scenery, and a wonderful climate. Situated on the Izu Peninsula

it is reached in about two hours from Tokyo by express train.
Ashinoko
Ashinoko or Lake Hakone, as it is known by western tourists, is one of Japan’s finest mountain lakes. Black bass and trout are plentiful and there are many small boats, motor boats, and sail boats for rent. Sight-seeing boats ply the lake regularly and the view of Mt. Fuji, as seen from the lakes’s surface, is one of the best.
ドライブ"
a drive
今週
this week
で
--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
に
on (See Gram. Notes)
と
and (See Gram. Notes)
てる
to shine (v.i.)
です
to be (See Gram. Notes)
が、
but (See Gram. Notes)
いい
good (See Gram. Notes)
でしょう
probably (See Gram. Notes)
か。
either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
は
leaves
中々
considerably, very
よい
good (See Gram. Notes)
所
address, place
だ
to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)
そう
numerical counter for ships
ね。
isn't it (See Grammar Notes)
そこ
there
から
from (See Gram. Notes)
海岸
coast, shore
西
west
へ
to (See Gram. Notes)
の
See Grammar Notes
けしき
scenery
すばらしい
splendid, great, grand
あたり
vicinity, neighborhood

Following the coastal route · Dialogue 2 of 6

From Zushi to Enoshima

*そのあたりは どこへ 行っても いいけしきですが、逗子、鎌倉から 江の島にかけての けしきは かくべつですね* says the scenery toward Enoshima is especially good.

Zushi has quiet Hiroyama Park and scenic beauty. *どこへ 行っても* means "no matter where one goes."

The road beyond Enoshima

Enoshima is an island and the sightseeing center of Fujisawa City.

*ええ、江の島から 海岸に そって 平塚に 行き、そこで 国道一号線に 出ます* routes the drive along the coast to National Highway 1.

In *逗子、鎌倉から 江の島にかけての けしき*, *江の島にかけての* describes *けしき*.

Kanji: 号

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

  1. 7

    そのあたりはどこへいってもいいけしきですが、ずし、かまくらからえのしまにかけてのけしきはかくべつですね。

    No matter where you go, the scenery is good around there; but the scenery from Zushi, Kamakura extending over to Enoshima is especially good.

  2. 8

    そのかいがんにそったどうろはゆうりょうどうろですか。

    Is the road along that seashore a toll highway?

  3. 9

    いいえ、ゆうりょうどうろではありませんが、ほそうどうろです。

    No, it is not a toll highway, but it’s a paved road.

  4. 10

    そのどうろをいくとはこねにきますか。

    Do you get to Hakone if you proceed on that road?

  5. 11

    ええ、えのしまからかいがんにそってひらつかにいき、そこでこくどおいちごうせんにでます。

    Yes, you proceed on to Hiratsuka from Enoshima along the seashore and there you’ll come out to the National highway No. 1.

  6. 12

    それをいけばいいのですか。

    May I proceed on that road?

かくべつ
specially good
道路
road
を
particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)
ます
trout
ええ、
Yes
国道
national highway
一
one
線
line

Mountain roads and overnight stops · Dialogue 3 of 6

The road beyond Odawara

*そうです。小田原、湯本を 過ぎて、道は しだいに けわしくなって 来ます* says the road gradually becomes steep after Odawara and Yumoto.

Odawara is a center of industry, culture, education, and communication in western Kanagawa Prefecture. Its castle site is famous for spring cherry blossoms.

Yumoto and the mountain inns

*湯本を 出て 山にはいってから、とまる所が ありますか* asks about places to stop after entering the mountains.

Yumoto is 350 feet above sea level. It is one of the oldest towns and most popular hot springs in the Hakone area.

The answer names many *旅館*, or "inns," in Miya-no-shita and other places.

Kanji: 過, 迷

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

Kanji: 町

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

  1. 13

    そうです。おだわら、ゆもとをすぎて、みちはしだいにけわしくなってきます。

    That’s right. After passing through Odawara and Yumoto, the road gradually becomes steep.

  2. 14

    みちにまようことはありませんか。

    Don’t you ever get lost?

  3. 15

    どうろひょうしきがあるから、そんなしんぱいはありません。

    There are road signs, so you don’t have to worry about that.

  4. 16

    ゆもとをでてやまにはいってから、とまるところがありますか。

    Are there any places to stop over after going into the mountains after leaving Yumoto?

  5. 17

    ありますとも。みやのしたなどにはりょかんがたくさんあります。

    Of course there are. There are many inns in Miya-no-shita and others.

  6. 18

    はこねというまちがありますか。

    Is there a town called Hakone?

です。
to be (See Gram. Notes)
道
road, street
ます。
trout
が
but (See Gram. Notes)
ある
certain, some
から、
from (See Gram. Notes)
山
mountain
とまる
to stop
など
and so forth, etc.
旅館
inn
町
town

Returning by the scenic route · Dialogue 4 of 6

Lake Ashi in the mountains

*あります。芦の 湖という 湖に めんしてる町で、そこにも よいホテルが あります* describes a town facing Lake Ashi with good hotels.

Lake Ashi is also called Lake Hakone. It is one of Japan's finest mountain lakes, with boats and views of Mount Fuji.

The return through Atami

*ひまが あれば 箱根とうげを こえて、すぐ左に 道を とって 熱海に 出て 帰るといいです* recommends Atami for the return.

Atami is a large resort on the Izu Peninsula. It has hot spring hotels, souvenir shops, and fine scenery.

Kanji: 湖

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

Kanji: 画

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

  1. 19

    あります。あしのみずうみというみずうみにめんしてるまちで、そこにもよいほてるがあります。でもみやのしたあたりで、とまったほうがいいでしょう。

    Yes, there is. It is a town facing a lake called Ashi-no-ko and there are good hotels there, too. However, it is probably better to stop over around Miya-no-shita.

  2. 20

    それでは、みやのしたでとまるけいかくにしましょう。

    Then, I’ll make a plan to stop over at Miyano-shita.

  3. 21

    それがいいでしょう。そして、よくじつおおわくだにのほうへいって、そこから、ゆうりょうどうろにでて、あしのこをながめながら、はこねまちにでるといいとおもいます。

    That probably will be best. And I think it is best to proceed on to Oowakitani the following day and from there come out to a toll highway and come out to the town of Hakone while viewing Lake Ashinoko.

  4. 22

    かえりはおなじみちですか。

    Do you take the same road on the way home?

  5. 23

    ひまがあればはこねとうげをこえて、すぐひだりにみちをとってあたみにでてかえるといいです。じゅうくにとうげからのながめはじつにすばらしいです。

    If you have time, it is best to take the road to the left right after passing through Hakone mountain pass and come out to Atami before you go home. The view from Jikkoku mountain pass is truly magnificient.

  6. 24

    それでは、そうすることにしましょう。

    Then, I shall decide to do so.

で、
--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
ホテル
hotel
でしょう。
probably (See Gram. Notes)
は、
leaves
し
city
ましょう。
let's (See Gram. Notes)
よく
well, skillfully
ながめ
view (n)
ながら、
while (See Grammar Notes)
出る
come out to the phone, go out, come out (vi)
帰り
return trip (See notes)
ひま
leisure time, free
とうげ
mountain pass
すぐ
right away, immediately
十
ten
国
country, nation

Road sign colors and meanings · Dialogue 5 of 6

Red and yellow road signs

*大体に 赤色の 四角があるのは きけん という いみの ひょうしきです* says a sign with a red square means danger.

*きいろの バックに 黒いの* identifies black signs on a yellow background. They concern roads, including right turns, intersections, and railroad crossings.

Green and blue signs

*みどりは ちゅう車場、工事中、おうだん歩道 などですが、青色のは* assigns green to parking, construction, and crosswalk signs.

The final phrase asks about blue signs.

  1. 25

    ゆうりょうどうろですから、よいドライブですよ。

    It’s a good drive because it is a toll highway.

  2. 26

    にほんのどうろひょうしきはおおくて、うんてんしながらいちいちみるひまはないですね。

    In japan there are many road signs and there is no time to look at every one of them while driving, isn’t that so?

  3. 27

    そうですが、だいたいにあかいろのしかくがあるのはきけんといういみのひょうしきです。

    That’s right, but generally the ones that have a red-colored square are the signs meaning danger.

  4. 28

    なるほどね。

    I see.

  5. 29

    そして、きいろのバックにくろいのがどうろにかんするもので、みぎおれとか、こうさてんとか、ふみきりとかいうものです。

    And the ones that are black with yellow background are the signs concerning roads, and they are the signs of right turn, intersection, railroad crossing, and so on.

  6. 30

    みどりはちゅうしゃじょう、こうじちゅう、おうだんほどうなどですが、あおいろのは。

    The green ones are parking places, under construction, crosswalks, etc., but what about the blue ones?

ドライブ
a drive
多く
many of them
ながら
while (See Grammar Notes)
四角
square
きけん
dangerous
いみ
meaning
なるほど
I see, indeed, to be sure
きいろ
yellow (capula N.)
バック
background, back
もの
things (tangible)
か、
either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
ふみきり
railroad crossing

Speed and traffic signs · Dialogue 6 of 6

Blue signs and a safe departure

*速度、一方通行 などに かんするものです* says blue signs concern speed and one-way traffic.

After the thanks, *気を つけて 行ってらっしゃい* sends the traveler off with a request to be careful and return.

  1. 31

    そくど、いっぽうつうこうなどにかんするものです。

    They are the signs concerning speed, one-way traffic, etc.

  2. 32

    どうもいろいろありがとうございました。

    Thank you very much for everything.

  3. 33

    きをつけていってらっしゃい。

    Please be careful and go.

速度、
speed

Phrases describing places and plans · Perception drill, Block 1

A view from here

*ここからの ながめは すばらしい* means "The view from here is splendid." The phrase *ここから* ends in the particle *から*.

A phrase ending in a particle takes *の* when that phrase describes the noun after it. Here, *ここからの* describes *ながめ*.

Letters, driving, and appointments

*田中さんへの 手紙を 出してくれましたか* means "Did you mail the letter to Mr. Tanaka for me?" *田中さんへの* describes *手紙*.

*家から 学校までの* describes *運転*, and *大木さんとの* describes *約束*.

  1. 34

    ここからのながめはすばらしい。

    The view from here is splendid.

  2. 35

    きみはうちでのべんきょうがたらないようですね。

    It seems you lack studying at home.

  3. 36

    でも、まいばんにじかんぐらいべんきょうするんですが。

    But, I study about two hours every night.

  4. 37

    にじかんではたらないね。

    Two hours are not enough.

  5. 38

    きみはこのがっこうをそつぎょうしてからのにほんごのべんきょうはどうするつもりかね。

    What are you intending to do about the study of Japanese after you graduate from this school?

  6. 39

    わたくしはこのがっこうをそつぎょうしてからにほんへいくことになっていますから、にほんでにほんごのべんきょうをつづけるつもりです。

    Since I am to go to Japan after I graduate from this school, I intend to continue studying Japanese in Japan.

  7. 40

    たなかさんへのてがみをだしてくれましたか。

    Did you mail the letter to Mr. Tanaka for me?

  8. 41

    ええ、さくばんだしておきました。

    Yes, I mailed it last night.

  9. 42

    あなたはじどうしゃのうんてんができますか。

    Can you drive a car?

  10. 43

    いえからがっこうまでのうんてんはできますが、まちのなかでのうんてんはだめです。

    I can drive to school from home, but I cannot drive in town.

  11. 44

    こんばんいえにあそびにいらっしゃいませんか。

    Won’t you come to visit me at my home tonight?

  12. 45

    こんばんはおおきさんとのやくそくがありますから、いけません。

    Since I have an engagement with Mr. Ooki this evening, I can’t go.

ここ
here
すばらしい。
splendid, great, grand
君
suffix to a name, Mr. (See cult. notes)
うち
home, house
二
two
時間
hour, time
ぐらい
about
か
either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
つづける
to continue (v.t.)
手紙
letter (correspondence)
車
vehicle, car
家
house, home
まで
as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)
だめ
no good, useless, hopeless
いらっしゃい
please come; please go (See Cult. notes)

No matter what or where · Perception drill, Block 2

No matter where

*どこへ 行っても いいけしきです* means "No matter where one goes, it is good scenery." *どこへ* is followed by the TE-form *行って* and *も*.

An interrogative expression followed by a verb or I-adjective TE-form and *も* gives a generalized meaning instead of asking a question.

No matter what or how much

*何を しても かまわないそうです* means that anything she does is all right. *何を しても* means "no matter what she does."

With an I-adjective, *いくら 高くても* means "no matter how expensive it may be."

  1. 46

    どこへいってもいいけしきです。

    No matter where one goes, it is good scenery.

  2. 47

    おくさんのごびょうきはいかがですか。

    How is your wife’s illness?

  3. 48

    もうよくなりましたから、なにをしてもかまわないそうです。

    She has become better already, so she can do anything (no matter what she does it is all right).

  4. 49

    あなたはとうきょうのようなところはきらいだそうですね。

    I understand you dislike a place like Tokyo, isn’t that so?

  5. 50

    ええ、とうきょうはどこへいってもやかましいので、すきじゃないんです。

    Yes, since Tokyo is noisy, no matter where I go, I don’t like it.

  6. 51

    このことばはどういういみですか。

    What is the meaning of this word?

  7. 52

    じびきをひいたのかね。

    Did you look it up in a dictionary?

  8. 53

    はい、どのじびきをみても、そのいみはわかりませんでした。

    Yes, I couldn’t understand the meaning no matter what dictionary I looked up.

  9. 54

    このデパートはいそがしいのですね。

    This department store is busy, isn’t it?

  10. 55

    ええ、このデパートはいつきてもひとでいっぱいです。

    Yes, no matter when you come to this department store, it is full of people.

  11. 56

    どうしてもこのラジオがほしいのですか。

    Do you want this radio by all means?

  12. 57

    ええ、いくらたかくても、そのラジオがかいたいのです。

    Yes, I want to buy that radio no matter how expensive it may be.

もう
already (See Gram. Notes)
な
I wish, I hope, huh
きらい
dislike (See Gram. Notes)
やかましい
noisy
好き
to like, be fond of (See Grammar Notes)
どの
which (pre-substantive) (See Notes)
いそがしい
busy
いつ
when?
人
people
ラジオ
radio
ほしい
want, wish (See Grammar Notes)
いくら
how much? how many?

Phrases describing people and events · Pattern 1 1 of 3

The phrase before the noun

*これは 米国の友だちからの手紙です* means "This is a letter from a friend in the United States." *米国の友だちからの* describes *手紙*.

The *の* after a particle phrase also links *日本へ行ってから* with *計画*, and *先生と田村さんと* with *会話*.

  1. 58

    あのせいとはいえでのべんきょうがたらないようです。

    That student does not seem to study enough at home.

  2. 59

    これはべいこくのともだちからのてがみです。

    This is a letter from a friend in the United States.

  3. 60

    あなたはたなかさんとのやくそくをわすれましたか。

    Did you forget your appointment with Mr. Tanaka?

  4. 61

    いえでのこどものきょういくはたいへんたいせつなものです。

    Children’s education at home is very important.

  5. 62

    スミスさんへのてがみはもうついたでしょうか。

    I wonder if the letter to Mr. Smith has arrived yet.

  6. 63

    にほんへいってからのけいかくはどうですか。

    What are your plans after you go to Japan?

  7. 64

    にがつからろくがつまでのきこうはたいへんいいです。

    The climate from February through June is very pleasant.

  8. 65

    せんせいとたむらさんとのかいわがわかりましたか。

    Did you understand the conversation between the teacher and Mr. Tamura?

  9. 66

    らいしゅうからのしけんはきんようびのごごにあります。

    The examinations beginning next week will be on Friday afternoon.

月
moon, month (See Grammar Notes)
六
six
来週
next week
午後
p.m., afternoon

Teachers, appointments and letters · Pattern 1 2 of 3

Starting times and places

*明日からの 私たちの 会話の 先生* identifies the conversation teacher starting tomorrow. The phrase *明日から* takes *の* before the noun phrase.

In *学校での子供の教いく* and *家での子供の教いく*, the phrases ending in *で* describe where the education occurs.

People connected with a noun

*大木さんとの 約束* means "an appointment with Mr. Oki." The phrase ending in *と* takes *の* before *約束*.

In *日本からの 日本人の友だちから来た 手紙*, *日本からの* describes the friend. *日本人の友だちから来た* describes the letter.

  1. 67

    せんせい、あしたからのわたくしたちのかいわのせんせいはどなたですか。

    Teacher, who will be our conversation teacher starting tomorrow?

  2. 68

    やまもとせんせいです。

    It will be Mr. Yamamoto.

  3. 69

    がっこうでのこどものきょういくもたいせつですが、いえでのこどものきょういくもたいせつですね。

    Children’s education at school is important, but their education at home is important too, isn’t it?

  4. 70

    そうですよ。わたくしはいえでのこどものきょういくのほうがもっとたいせつだとおもいます。

    That’s right. I think children’s education at home is even more important.

  5. 71

    こんばん、おおきさんとのやくそくをわすれないでくださいよ。

    Please don’t forget your appointment with Mr. Oki tonight.

  6. 72

    ああ、そうでしたね。わたくしはわすれていました。なんじでしたかね。

    Oh, that’s right. I had forgotten. What time was it?

  7. 73

    しちじはんです。

    Seven thirty.

  8. 74

    これはにほんからのにほんじんのともだちからきたてがみですが、にほんごでかいてあって、よくわからないところがありますから、よんでくださいませんか。

    This is a letter from a Japanese friend in Japan, but it is written in Japanese and there are some parts I do not understand well, so would you please read it?

  9. 75

    きみはにほんごのせいとで、これがよめないのか。どこがわからないんだ。

    You are a student of Japanese, and you cannot read this? What part do you not understand?

明日
tomorrow
もっと
more (See Gram. Notes)
ください
please give me (See Gram. Notes)
ああ、
Oh, yes
時
time
七
seven

From here and as far as · Pattern 1 3 of 3

A phrase or a clause

*八月ごろからの モンテレーの天気* uses *の* after *八月ごろから* because the phrase describes *天気*.

In *ここから 見た ながめ*, the phrase ends with the verb *見た*. It describes *ながめ* without adding *の*.

Both *日本の 友だちから来た 手紙* and *日本の 友だちへ 出した 手紙* end their modifying clause with a verb.

  1. 76

    はちがつごろからのモンテレーのてんきはひじょうによいそうですね。

    I understand that the weather in Monterey is very pleasant from around August on.

  2. 77

    ええ、そうです。はちがつごろになると、きりがあまりなく、てんきがよくなります。

    Yes, it is. Around August there is not much fog, and the weather gets better.

  3. 78

    ここからみたながめはとてもきれいです。

    The view from here is very beautiful.

  4. 79

    にほんのともだちからきたてがみはよめませんでした。

    I could not read the letter from my friend in Japan.

  5. 80

    にほんのともだちへだしたてがみはまだつきません。

    The letter I sent to my friend in Japan has not arrived yet.

  6. 81

    わたくしはがっこうまでうんてんすることができます。

    I can drive as far as the school.

  7. 82

    あのせいとはいえでべんきょうするのがたりません。

    That student does not study enough at home.

八
eight
モンテレー
Monterey
天気
weather
と、
and (See Gram. Notes)
きり
fog
とても
very, indeed
まだ
yet, still

No matter who, what or where · Pattern 2 1 of 3

Every place and every thing

*何を 食べても おいしいです* means "Everything I eat is delicious." The *何を* plus TE-form and *も* covers every possible thing eaten.

*東京は どこへ行っても やかましいです* applies the same pattern to every place in Tokyo.

Every time and degree

*いつこのデパートに来ても、人で一ぱいです* says the department store is full whenever the speaker comes.

*どんなにあつくても* means "no matter how hot it is." The result holds at every degree of heat.

  1. 83

    なにをたべてもおいしいです。

    Everything I eat is delicious.

  2. 84

    とうきょうはどこへいってもやかましいです。

    No matter where you go in Tokyo, it is noisy.

  3. 85

    びょうきはよくなりましたから、なにをしてもかまいません。

    My illness has gotten better, so I may do anything I like.

  4. 86

    どのじびきをみてもこのことばのいみがわかりません。

    No matter which dictionary I look in, I cannot find the meaning of this word.

  5. 87

    いつこのデパートにきても、ひとでいっぱいです。

    Whenever I come to this department store, it is full of people.

  6. 88

    びょうきがよくなかったから、もうなにをたべてもかまわない。

    My illness was not getting better, so now I do not mind what I eat.

  7. 89

    いくらたかくてもこれがかいたいのです。

    No matter how expensive it is, I want to buy this.

  8. 90

    どんなにあつくても、あのひとはうわぎをきています。

    No matter how hot it is, that man wears a jacket.

  9. 91

    わたくしはどうしてもにほんへいきたいとおもっています。

    I am determined to go to Japan.

おいしい
tasty, delicious
どんな
what kind of; what sort of

No matter how much · Pattern 2 2 of 3

Regardless of degree

*どんなに 天気が悪くても 行くのですか* asks whether the trip happens no matter how bad the weather is.

*いくら高くても それを 買うつもりです* says the intention to buy remains at any price.

Repeated effort with the same result

*いくら待っても 来なかった* means that he did not come despite repeated waiting.

In *いくら勉強しても 言葉が おぼえられません*, more study does not change the result. *いくら* with the TE-form and *も* covers repeated effort.

  1. 92

    あしたのピクニックのことですが、どんなにてんきがわるくてもいくのですか。

    About tomorrow’s picnic, are you going no matter how bad the weather is?

  2. 93

    ええ、あめさえふらなければいくことにしています。

    Yes, we have decided to go as long as it does not rain.

  3. 94

    わたくしはこのごろなにをたべてもおいしくないのですが、びょうきでしょうか。

    Lately, nothing I eat tastes good. Could I be sick?

  4. 95

    たぶんかぜをひいたんでしょう。

    You have probably caught a cold.

  5. 96

    こんばんたむらさんはきませんでしたか。

    Didn’t Mr. Tamura come tonight?

  6. 97

    いくらまってもこなかったから、さきにきました。

    I waited and waited, but he did not come, so I came on ahead.

  7. 98

    このきってはずいぶんふるいからたかいですが、かうのですか。

    This stamp is quite old, so it is expensive, but are you going to buy it?

  8. 99

    ええ、いくらたかくてもそれをかうつもりです。

    Yes, I intend to buy it no matter how expensive it is.

  9. 100

    せんせい、わたくしはいくらべんきょうしてもことばがおぼえられません。

    Teacher, no matter how much I study, I cannot remember the words.

雨
rain
分
minute
かぜ
wind
切手
postage stamp
ずい分
very much
古い
old, antique
買う
to buy

Conditions and likely results · Pattern 2 3 of 3

Even if the weather is bad

*天気が悪くても 行きますか* means "Will you go even if the weather is bad?" The TE-form *悪くて* plus *も* marks the unfavorable condition.

The action in the main clause can still hold under that condition.

  1. 101

    たぶんべんきょうのしかたがわるいんだろう。

    Your way of studying is probably not very good.

  2. 102

    このしなものはたかいですが、かうのですか。

    This item is expensive, but are you going to buy it?

  3. 103

    あなたのようにたくさんたべればふとるでしょう。

    If I ate as much as you do, I would probably get fat.

  4. 104

    それはみがけば、きれいになるでしょう。

    If you polish it, it will probably become clean.

  5. 105

    おおきいこえではなせばきこえるでしょう。

    If you speak in a loud voice, they will probably hear you.

  6. 106

    きをつければまちがいをしないでしょう。

    If you are careful, you probably will not make mistakes.

  7. 107

    てんきがわるくてもいきますか。

    Will you go even if the weather is bad?

品物
goods, merchandise
ふとる
to become stout (v.i.)
声
voice
聞こえる
to be audible, can hear (v.i.)

Questions about coastal routes · Reading Selection 1 of 2

The coastal route in questions

The questions trace the drive from Kamakura and Zushi through Enoshima, National Highway 1, Hakone, and Lake Ashi toward Atami.

*逗子、鎌倉から 江の島にかけての けしきは どうですか* asks about the scenery from Zushi and Kamakura to Enoshima.

The *の* after *江の島にかけて* links that route phrase to *けしき*. Answers name a place, route, or feature from the drive.

  1. 108

    かまくらからかいがんにそってにしのほうにドライブするとかいがんのけしきはどんなですか。

    What is the coastal scenery like when you drive west from Kamakura along the coast?

  2. 109

    ずし、かまくらからえのしまにかけてのけしきはどうですか。

    How is the scenery from Zushi and Kamakura over to Enoshima?

  3. 110

    どこからこくどういちごうせんにでますか。

    Where do you get onto National Route 1?

  4. 111

    どのあたりからみちがけわしくなってきますか。

    Around where does the road begin to get steep?

  5. 112

    このあたりにはなにがおおいですか。

    What is plentiful around here?

  6. 113

    あしのこはどこにありますか。

    Where is Lake Ashi?

  7. 114

    はこねからあたみへいくのに、どこをとおらなければなりませんか。

    Where must you pass through to go from Hakone to Atami?

Questions about signs and roads · Reading Selection 2 of 2

Views, roads, and sign colors

The questions ask about the view from Jukkoku Pass, local roads, and the colors that identify road signs.

*十国とうげからの ながめは どんなですか* asks what the view from Jukkoku Pass is like. The *の* links *十国とうげから* to *ながめ*.

Other answers identify the meaning of a red square or black markings on a yellow background.

  1. 115

    じっこくとうげからのながめはどんなですか。

    What is the view from Jukkoku Pass like?

  2. 116

    このあたりのどうろはどんなですか。

    What are the roads around here like?

  3. 117

    ひとつこまることはなんですか。

    What is one troublesome thing?

  4. 118

    どうろひょうしきはいろをみればだいたいわかりますか。

    Can you tell roughly what the road signs mean by looking at their colors?

  5. 119

    あかいろのしかくのあるのはなんのひょうしきですか。

    What kind of sign is the one with a red square?

  6. 120

    きいろのバックにくろいのはどんなひょうしきですか。

    What kind of sign has black on a yellow background?

Scenic routes and sign colors · Questions

A route and its road signs

The passage follows a return from Hakone through Jukkoku Pass and Atami to Odawara, then explains road-sign colors.

*みどりは* means "What about green?" An answer names parking, construction, and crosswalks.

*青色のは* means "What about the blue ones?" An answer names speed and one-way traffic.

  1. 121

    おおいから、りょかんにでもとまってゆっくりおんせんにでもはいっていくといいです。よくじつおおわきだにのほうへいってあしのこのけしきをながめながらはこねまちにでるのです。もし、ひまがあればかえりははこねからじっこくとうげをこえてあたみにいき、そこからかいがんのみちをとおっておだわらにかえるのですが、じっこくとうげからのながめはじつにすばらしいものです。どうろはたいていほそうどうろですからうんてんもらくです。ひとつこまることはどうろひょうしきのおおいことです。ですから、うんてんしながらいちいちみるひまはないのです。しかし、

    Since there is so much to see, it would be good to stay at an inn and take a leisurely dip in a hot spring. The next day, you go toward Owakudani and come out at Hakone-machi while looking at the scenery of Lake Ashi. If you have time, on the way back you go from Hakone over Jukkoku Pass to Atami, and from there return to Odawara by the coastal road, but the view from Jukkoku Pass is truly magnificent. Most of the roads are paved, so driving is easy too. One troublesome thing is that there are so many road signs. Therefore, while driving, there is no time to look at every one of them. However,

  2. 122

    ひょうしきのいろをみればだいたいわかります。あかいろのしかくのあるのはきけんといういみのひょうしきです。そしてきいろのバックにくろいのがみぎおれとか、こうさてんとか、ふみきりとか、どうろにかんするものです。みどりはちゅうしゃじょう、こうじちゅう、おうだんほどうなどで、あおいろのはそくど、いっぽうつうこうなどにかんするものです。

    You can tell roughly what the signs mean by looking at their colors. A sign with a red square means danger. Black on a yellow background is for things concerning the road, such as right turns, intersections, and railroad crossings. Green is for parking lots, construction, crosswalks, and so forth, while blue is for things concerning speed, one-way traffic, and so forth.

  3. 123

    みどりは。

    What about green?

  4. 124

    あおいろのは。

    What about the blue ones?

ゆっくり
slowly; deliberately; leisurely
おんせん
hot spring
もし、
if
しかし、
however, but
言う
to say

Coasts, roads and highways · Word list 1 of 4

From the coast to the highway

The words cover a family drive and its roads. *海岸* means "coast" or "shore," and *ドライブする* means "to drive."

Road terms distinguish *道路*, "road" or "highway," from *有料道路*, "toll highway," and *国道*, "national highway."

*一号* means "number one" in the numbered highway.

  1. 125

    かぞくづれ

    accompanied by family

  2. 126

    (に)よる

    drop in, visit (vi), stop by

  3. 127

    かいがん

    coast, shore

  4. 128

    ドライブする

    to drive

  5. 129

    かくべつ

    specially good

  6. 130

    どうろ

    roads, highway

  7. 131

    ゆうりょうどうろ

    toll highway

  8. 132

    ほそうした

    paved

  9. 133

    ほそう(する)

    pavement, (to pave)

  10. 134

    こくどう

    national highway

  11. 135

    いちごう

    number one (see notes)

家族づれ
accompanied by family (See Grammar Notes)
(に)よる
drop in, visit (vi), stop by
ドライブする
to drive
有料道路
toll highway
ほそうした
paved
ほそう(する)
pavement, (to pave)
一号
number one (see notes)

Inns, lakes and plans · Word list 2 of 4

The mountain stop

The words move from steep roads to an overnight stop. *けわしい* means "steep," while *旅館* means "inn."

*芦の湖* is Lake Ashi, and *ホテル* means "hotel." These words name the lake and places to stay.

*計画(する)* means "plan" or "to plan," and *よく日* means "the next day."

*ながめながら* means "as you view."

  1. 136

    こくどういちごうせん

    National Highway 1

  2. 137

    すぎる

    pass (vi)

  3. 138

    けわしい

    steep, sheer, precipitous

  4. 139

    どうろひょうしき

    road sign

  5. 140

    りょかん

    inn

  6. 141

    あしのこ

    Lake Ashi(no ko) (See Cult. Notes)

  7. 142

    めんしてる

    faces, facing

  8. 143

    ホテル

    hotel

  9. 144

    けいかく(する)

    plan, (to plan)

  10. 145

    よくじつ

    the following day (See Cult. Notes)

  11. 146

    ながめながら

    as you view

国道一号線
National Highway 1
過ぎる
pass (vi)
けわしい
steep, sheer, precipitous
道路ひょうしき
road sign
芦の湖
Lake Ashi(no ko) (See Cult. Notes)
めんしてる
faces, facing
計画(する)
plan, (to plan)
よく日
the following day, next day
ながめながら
as you view

Views, passes and danger · Word list 3 of 4

A view on the return

The travel words pair *帰り*, "return trip," with *とうげ*, "mountain pass," and *こえる*, "go over" or "pass."

*ながめる* means "view" or "see," while *ながめ* is the noun "view." *---からの ながめ* means "view from ----."

The sign words include *四角*, "square," *きけん*, "dangerous," and *きいろ*, "yellow."

  1. 147

    ながめる

    view, see (vt)

  2. 148

    かえり

    return trip (See notes)

  3. 149

    とうげ

    mountain pass

  4. 150

    こえる

    go over, pass (vi)

  5. 151

    ---からのながめ

    view from ----(See Gram Notes)

  6. 152

    ながめ

    view (n)

  7. 153

    すばらしい

    splendid, great, grand

  8. 154

    いちいち

    everyone, one by one

  9. 155

    しかく

    square

  10. 156

    きけん

    dangerous

  11. 157

    きいろ

    yellow (capula N.)

ながめる
view, see (vt)
こえる
go over, pass (vi)
---からのながめ
view from ----(See Gram Notes)
一々
everyone, one by one

Traffic signs and directions · Word list 4 of 4

Signs and travel

The sign words cover direction and road conditions. *右おれ* means "right turn," *ふみきり* means "railroad crossing," and *工事中* means "under construction."

Traffic terms include *速度*, "speed," and *一方通行*, "one-way traffic." *---にかんする* means "concerning."

*行ってらっしゃい* means "go and return." *どこへ行っても* means "no matter where one goes."

  1. 158

    バック

    background, back

  2. 159

    ---にかんする

    concerning (vi)

  3. 160

    みぎおれ

    right turn

  4. 161

    ふみきり

    railroad crossing

  5. 162

    ちゅうしゃじょう

    parking place

  6. 163

    こうじちゅう

    under construction

  7. 164

    おうだんほどう

    crosswalk

  8. 165

    そくど

    speed

  9. 166

    いっぽうつうこう

    one-way traffic

  10. 167

    いってらっしゃい

    abbrev. of ITTE IRASSHAI (go and return)

  11. 168

    どこへいっても

    no matter where one goes, whereever one goes (See Gram. Notes)

Guide for Free Conversation

Visual Cues a Look at the maps on Page 47 and Page 48 and describe how to get to one place from another place and describe what those places are noted for.

Visual Cues b Look at the road signs on Page 49 and describe what those signs represent.

Visual Cues c What do the following colored road signs represent?

c(1) Red

c(2) Green

c(3) Yellow

c(4) Blue

Talk about the driving trips that you have made to various places.

a Driving trip to Yosemite.

b Driving trip to Las Vegas.

c Driving trip in Japan, etc.
Homework

1 Memorize the Dialogue and the Vocabulary.

2 Study Grammar Perception Drill.

3 Study Pattern Practice and do the exercises given after each pattern.

4 Learn to read and write Kanji.

5 Read the Explanatory Notes.

7 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and practice it following the instructions given.
---にかんする
concerning (vi)
右おれ
right turn
ちゅう車場
parking place
工事中
under construction
おうだん歩道
crosswalk
速度
speed
一方通行
one-way traffic
行ってらっしゃい
abbrev. of ITTE IRASSHAI (go and return)
どこへ行っても
no matter where one goes, whereever one goes (See Gram. Notes)

The particulars

The course
Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours.
Reading aloud
Digital narration, directed by 1732 Studios.
The book
Botchan, the work this course leads to, free to read here.
Data
JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents
Two whoopie pies and a pine. An inside joke.