Japanese Basic Course 1732 Studios

Japanese · Lesson 84

Lesson 86

Reading Japan

163 lines

Tuberculosis in Japan · Dialogue 1 of 4

A disease that caused fear

The speakers discuss why tuberculosis was feared in Japan. *日本では はいけっかくは 大変 おそれられていますね* means "In Japan lung tuberculosis is very much feared, isn't it?"

Recovery was difficult

They connect weak resistance with difficult recovery. *それで 一度 けっかくに かかると 中々 なおらないんですね* means "For that reason, once you contract tuberculosis, you won't get well easily, isn't it?"

In this negative statement, *中々* means "not easily."

Kanji: 弱

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

  1. 1

    にほんでははいけっかくはたいへんおそれられていますね。

    In Japan lung tuberculosis is very much feared, isn’t it?

    日本Japan
    でin
    はtopic
    はいtuberculosis
    けっかtuberculosis
    くtuberculosis
    はtopic
    大変very much
    おそれis feared
    られis feared
    てis feared
    いis feared
    ますis feared
    ね。right?
  2. 2

    そうです。にほんではかぞくのだれかがはいけっかくにかかると、だれもこうさいしてくれなくなるのです。

    That’s right. In Japan when someone in a family contracts tuberculosis, no one will associate with that family.

  3. 3

    むかしはとうようじんにはけっかくがなかったそうですね。

    I understand in olden days there was no tuberculosis among the Orientals, isn’t that right?

  4. 4

    そうです。けっかくきんがとうようにきたのはあまりとおいむかしのことではありません。それでけっかくきんにたいするていこうりょくがまだよわいのです。

    That’s right. It wasn’t very far back in the past that tuberculosis bacilli came to the Orient. For that reason, resistance against tuberculosis bacilli is still very weak.

  5. 5

    それでいちどけっかくにかかるとなかなかなおらないんですね。

    For that reason, once you contract tuberculosis, you won’t get well easily, isn’t it?

  6. 6

    そうです。とうようじんにはおそろしいびょうきです。しかし、きんねんではけっかくはいちばんのいのちとりではなくなりました。

    That’s right. It’s a dreadful sickness for Orientals. However, in recent years it became such that tuberculosis is no longer the number-one killer of people.

KORE TO IU
Preceding nouns KORE TO IU expresses an idea of ”definite”, ”particular”, ”to speak of”, etc.

Examples:

KORE TO IU WAKE WA ARIMASEN. ”I don’t have any particular reason.”

KONO BYOOKI NIWA KORE TO IU KUSURI WA ARIMASEN. ”There is no medicine to speak of for this illness.”

KORE TO IU ONNA GA IMASEN. ”I have no definite girl.”

KORE TO IU KEIKAKU WA ARIMASEN. ”I have no definite plan.”
NAKANAKA
NAKANAKA meaning ”very” or ”considerably” to modify adjectives has already been introduced in Lesson 38. In this lesson NAKANAKA is used to modify negative verbs to mean ”by no means”, ”not nearly”, ”far from”, or ”not easily.”

Examples:

NAKANAKA TARIMASEN. ”It is not nearly enough.”

ANNA HITO WA NAKANAKA IMASEN. ”We can’t find that kind of a person easily.”

KONO MONDAI WA NAKANAKA WAKARIMASEN. ”I can’t understand this problem by any means.”

ANO HITO WA NAKANAKA SHOOCHI SHIMASEN. ”He doesn’t consent easily.”
B 1 GAN
GAN is a Japanese word for cancer. Some of the common cancers are IGAN, ”stomach cancer” which is the most common cancer for Japanese men and women; NYUUGAN, ”breast cancer”; SHIKYUUGAN, ”uterine cancer”; SHOKUDOOGAN, ”cancer of the esophagus”; HIFUGAN, ”skin cancer”, etc.
で
--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
は
leaves
ます
trout
ね。
isn't it (See Grammar Notes)
そう
numerical counter for ships
です。
to be (See Gram. Notes)
の
See Grammar Notes
だれ
who?
か
either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
が
but (See Gram. Notes)
かかる
to consult, to contract, to be attacked by
と、
and (See Gram. Notes)
むかし
ancient, old
東洋
Orient
人
people
に
on (See Gram. Notes)
遠い
far
まだ
yet, still
弱い
weak
一
one
中々
considerably, very
おそろしい
fearful; dreadful
しかし、
however, but
近年
recent years
一番
number one (See Grammar Notes)

Treatment, insurance and diseases · Dialogue 2 of 4

Treatment and common diseases

The speakers connect improved treatment with medicine and social insurance. One asks *日本には どんな 病気が 多いですか*, "What kinds of sickness are numerous in Japan?"

The answer names cancer, heart disease, pneumonia, and stroke.

The word for cancer

*がん、しんぞう病、はいえん、のういっけつなどです* lists the serious diseases. Here *がん* means "cancer."

Names for particular cancers can end in *GAN*. *IGAN* means "stomach cancer," and *NYUUGAN* means "breast cancer."

Kanji: 薬, 保, 険

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

  1. 7

    それはまたどういうわけですか。

    What is the reason for it anyway?

  2. 8

    くすりがよくなったこととてあてがよくなったためです。

    It is because of the fact that the medicine and, also, the treatment improved.

  3. 9

    けんこうほけんなどのえいきょうもあるでしょうね。

    I suppose there also is an influence of health insurance, don’t you think?

  4. 10

    にほんではしゃかいほけんのせいどがかなりよくなっているので、てあてもはやくするのです。

    In Japan, since the social insurance system has been improved, the treatment is given quicker.

  5. 11

    にほんにはどんなびょうきがおおいですか。

    What kinds of sickness are numerous in Japan?

  6. 12

    がん、しんぞうびょう、はいえん、のういっけつなどです。

    They are cancer, heart disease, pneumonia, stroke, etc.

言う
to say
です
to be (See Gram. Notes)
か。
either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
よく
well, skillfully
と
and (See Gram. Notes)
手当
medical treatment
けんこう
health
など
and so forth, etc.
えいきょう
influence
ある
certain, some
でしょう
probably (See Gram. Notes)
社会
society
かなり
fairly
いる
to need (See Gram. Notes)
どんな
what kind of; what sort of
がん、
cancer (See Cult. Notes)

Cancer, infections and vaccination · Dialogue 3 of 4

Medicine and vaccination

The speakers contrast cancer with infectious childhood diseases. *がんには まだ これと言う いい 薬は ないのですね* means "There is no medicine to speak of for cancer, is there?"

Here *これと言う* marks a particularly good medicine, and the sentence says none exists.

Few deaths from childhood diseases

*今では ワクチンの ちゅうしゃを やるし、そういう 病気で しぬ 子は ほとんど 居ません* says almost no children die from such diseases because vaccinations are now given.

Kanji: 児

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

  1. 13

    がんにはまだこれといういいくすりはないのですね。

    There is no medicine to speak of for cancer, is there?

  2. 14

    ええ、いまのところまだないらしいですね。

    No, it seems there is none as of now.

  3. 15

    でんせんびょうはおおいですか。

    Are there many contagious diseases?

  4. 16

    ここにさんねん、インフルエンザやせきりがぞうかしていますが、そのほかはげんしょうしています。

    In the past two or three years, influenza and dysentery are on the increase, but others are on the decrease.

  5. 17

    しょうにびょうは。

    What about diseases of children?

  6. 18

    ひゃくにちぜき、ジフテリア、ハシカなどありますが、いまではワクチンのちゅうしゃをやるし、そういうびょうきでしぬこはほとんどいません。

    There are whooping cough, diphtheria, measles, etc., but now they give vaccine injections so there are practically no children that die from such a disease.

がん
cancer (See Cult. Notes)
いい
good (See Gram. Notes)
ええ、
Yes
ところ
place (See Gram. Notes)
せん
sen (1/100 of a yen) (See Cultural Notes)
ここ
here
年、
year (See Grammar Notes)
インフルエンザ
influenza
や
and---among others (See Gram. Notes)
きり
fog
し
city
百
100
ジフテリア、
diphtheria
ワクチン
vaccine
を
particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)
やる
to do
しぬ
die (v.i.)
ほとんど
almost (See Gram. Notes)

Sanitation and food poisoning · Dialogue 4 of 4

Fewer infectious diseases

The speakers discuss sanitation, infectious disease, and food. *でんせん病が 少い事は 一ぱんに えいせいが よくなったからですね* links fewer infectious diseases with improved sanitation.

Food poisoning in summer

One speaker calls food-related illness *食あたり*, "food poisoning." *特に 夏には 多い様です* says it seems especially common in summer.

Kanji: 係

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

  1. 19

    コレラ、チフス、しょうにまひびょうなどはありませんか。

    Don’t they have such sicknesses as cholera, typhus, and infantile paralysis?

  2. 20

    コレラはないといってもいいですが、チフスやしょうにまひびょうはありますね。にさんねんほどまえにはしょうにまひのワクチンがなくてこまったことがありました。

    You may say that cholera is non-existent, but they have typhus and infantile paralysis. About two or three years ago, there was a time when they didn’t have vaccine for infantile paralysis and they were in a fix.

  3. 21

    でんせんびょうがすくないことはいっぱんにえいせいがよくなったからですね。

    The fact that the contagious diseases are few is due to the fact that sanitation in general has improved, isn’t that so?

  4. 22

    そうです。そのためおそろしいびょうきはしだいになくなっています。

    That’s right. Because of that, dreadful diseases are gradually disappearing.

  5. 23

    にほんにはまだれいぞうこがすくないようですが、しょくもつかんけいのびょうきはないのですか。

    It seems refrigerators are scarce in Japan yet, but don’t they have sickness related to food?

  6. 24

    あります。しょくあたりといっていますが、これがかなりおおいです。とくになつにはおおいようです。

    Yes, they have. They call if food poisoning, but it seems they have a lot of this sickness. They have many cases, especially in the summer, it seems.

コレラ、
cholera
チフス、
typhus
が、
but (See Gram. Notes)
年
year (See Grammar Notes)
ほど
to the extent (See Grammar Notes)
前
before, front
えいせい
sanitation, health
から
from (See Gram. Notes)
食物
food
関係
relationship
食あたり
food poisoning
夏
summer

Saying nothing in particular · Perception drill, Block 1

No medicine to speak of

*これと言う いい 薬が ありません* means "There is no medicine to speak of." *これと言う* stands before the noun and marks something particular or definite.

No particular reason

*別に これと言う訳は ありません* means "I don't have any particular reason."

In these negative statements, *これと言う* can also mean "to speak of."

  1. 25

    これといういいくすりがありません。

    There is no medicine to speak of.

  2. 26

    なにをごちそうしましょうか。

    What can I treat you?

  3. 27

    さあ、なんでもいいですよ。これというものはありません。

    Well, anything will do. There is nothing particular that I want.

  4. 28

    もうけっこんしてはどうですか。

    How about getting married? Isn’t it about time?

  5. 29

    ええ、しかし、これというおんながいないのです。

    Yes, but I don’t have any girl to speak of.

  6. 30

    あなたはなぜ、きのうのピクニックにこなかったのですか。

    Why didn’t you come to the picnic yesterday?

  7. 31

    べつにこれというわけはありません。ただいきたくなかったのです。

    I don’t have any particular reason. I didn’t want to go. That’s all.

  8. 32

    にほんについてなにかいいほんがありますか。

    Is there any good book on Japan?

  9. 33

    そうですね。べつにこれといういいほんをしりませんね。

    Well, let me see. I don’t know any good book to speak of.

  10. 34

    ここにあなたのほしいえがありますか。

    Is there any picture that you want?

  11. 35

    これというえはひとつもありませんね。

    No, there is no picture to speak of.

ましょう
let's (See Gram. Notes)
さあ、
well, now, here, come
もの
things (tangible)
もう
already (See Gram. Notes)
女
female
なぜ、
why?
ただ
merely
本
numerical counter for counting long slender objects (See Notes)
ほしい
want, wish (See Grammar Notes)

Things not easily achieved · Perception drill, Block 2

A sickness that persists

*この病気は 中々 なおりません* means "This sickness will not be cured easily." With a negative verb, *中々* means "not easily" or "by no means."

Far from enough

*二十本では 中々 足りませんね* means "Twenty bottles will be far from enough."

Before a negative verb, *中々* can also mean "not nearly" or "far from."

  1. 36

    このびょうきはなかなかなおりません。

    This sickness will not be cured easily.

  2. 37

    あしたのピクニックにビールはにじゅっぽんでたくさんでしょうか。

    Would twenty bottles of beer be enough for tomorrow’s picnic?

  3. 38

    にじゅっぽんではなかなかたりませんね。

    Twenty bottles will be far from enough.

  4. 39

    えいごはいちねんくらいでじょうずになれるでしょうか。

    Do you suppose you can become proficient in English in about one year?

  5. 40

    いちねんではなかなかじょうずにはなせるようにはなれませんね。

    You cannot possibly become proficient in speaking in one year.

  6. 41

    このがっこうのたてものはらいねんのごがつまでにできあがるでしょうか。

    Do you suppose this school building will be completed by May of next year?

  7. 42

    らいねんのごがつまでにはなかなかできあがりそうではありませんね。

    It doesn’t seem it could be completed by any means by May of next year.

  8. 43

    まいつきひゃくドルちょきんできますか。

    Can you deposit in a bank one hundred dollars every month?

  9. 44

    わたくしのげっきゅうではまいつきひゃくドルはなかなかちょきんできませんね。

    With my salary, I can’t possibly deposit one hundred dollars every month(in a bank.)

  10. 45

    きょうはあめがふりそうで、なかなかふりませんね。

    It looks like it’s going to rain and yet it doesn’t rain readily.

  11. 46

    しんぶんによると、まだにさんにちはふらないそうです。

    According to the newspaper, it won’t rain yet for two or three days.

明日
tomorrow
ビール
beer
二十
20
くらい
dark
上手
skillful, fluent (See Grammar Notes)
なれる
to get used to, get accustomed
話せる
to be able to speak
五
five
月
moon, month (See Grammar Notes)
まで
as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)
出来上る
be completed
ドル
dollar
金
gold
月給
monthly wage
今日
today
雨
rain

No particular person or thing · Pattern 1 1 of 3

No suitable person

*日本語の 先生を さがしているのですが、これと言う 人が 居ません* means "I am looking for a Japanese teacher, but I have not found anyone suitable."

The *これと言う* from *これと言う訳は ありません* now marks the suitable person not found.

No particular choice

*けっこんしたいのですが、これと言う 女が 居ません* says no particular woman is in mind. The negative sentence rules out a definite choice.

  1. 47

    がんにはまだこれといういいくすりがありません。

    There is still no particularly good medicine for cancer.

  2. 48

    べつにこれというわけはありません。

    There is no particular reason.

  3. 49

    べつにこれというけいかくはありません。

    There is no particular plan.

  4. 50

    にほんについてこれというほんがありません。

    There is no particular book about Japan.

  5. 51

    けっこんしたいのですが、これというおんながいません。

    I would like to get married, but there is no particular woman I have in mind.

  6. 52

    かしやをさがしていますが、まだこれといういえがありません。

    I am looking for a house to rent, but I still have not found a suitable one.

  7. 53

    にほんごのせんせいをさがしているのですが、これというひとがいません。

    I am looking for a Japanese teacher, but I have not found anyone suitable.

  8. 54

    こんしゅうはこれというえいがはありません。

    There are no particularly noteworthy movies this week.

  9. 55

    こんばんはべつにこれというようじはございません。

    I have no particular business this evening.

家
house, home
今週
this week
映画
movie
用事
personal business

Having no particular plans · Pattern 1 2 of 3

No particular preference

*別に これと言う 物は ありません。日本料理なら 何でも 食べます* means nothing particular is preferred and any Japanese food is acceptable.

No definite plan

*今のところ これと言う 計画は ありません* means "For now, I have no particular plans."

In *これと言う 計画は ありません*, *これと言う* marks the definite plan that does not exist.

  1. 56

    こんばんはなにをごちそうしましょうか。

    What shall I treat you to this evening?

  2. 57

    べつにこれというものはありません。にほんりょうりならなんでもたべます。

    There is nothing in particular. I will eat any Japanese food.

  3. 58

    にほんへいってなにをなさいますか。

    What will you do when you go to Japan?

  4. 59

    いまのところこれというけいかくはありません。

    For now, I have no particular plans.

  5. 60

    こんばんおいそがしいですか。

    Are you busy this evening?

  6. 61

    いいえ、べつにこれというようじはございません。

    No, I have no particular business.

  7. 62

    では、いっしょにえいがでもみにいきませんか。

    Then, would you like to go see a movie or something together?

  8. 63

    わたくしはじぶんでにほんごをならいたいとおもっているのですが、なにかいいほんがありますか。

    I would like to study Japanese on my own; is there a good book?

  9. 64

    そうですね。べつにこれというほんはありませんね。

    Let me see. There is no particular book I can recommend.

なら
if it is (See Gram. Notes)
ます。
trout
へ
to (See Gram. Notes)
いそがしい
busy
自分
self

Asking about particular preferences · Pattern 1 3 of 3

No one in mind

*けっこんしたいそうですが、これと言う 女が 居ないそうです* means "I hear he wants to get married, but there is no particular woman he has in mind."

Here *これと言う* marks the particular woman he does not have in mind.

  1. 65

    パーカーさんはまだけっこんしていないのですか。

    Has Mr. Parker still not married?

  2. 66

    けっこんしたいそうですが、これというおんながいないそうです。

    I hear he wants to get married, but there is no particular woman he has in mind.

  3. 67

    あなたはなぜさくばんこなかったのですか。

    Why did you not come last night?

  4. 68

    このびょうきにいいくすりがありますか。

    Is there a good medicine for this illness?

  5. 69

    こんばんなにがたべたいですか。

    What would you like to eat this evening?

  6. 70

    にほんへあそびにいらっしゃるそうですが、なんにちくらいとうりゅうなさるおつもりですか。

    I hear you are coming to Japan for a visit; about how many days do you intend to stay?

  7. 71

    いいおんなのにほんごのせんせいがいましたか。

    Did you find a good woman Japanese teacher?

なぜ
why?
いらっしゃる
to come, go (honorific verb)
なさる
to do (honorific verb) (See Notes)

Things not easily done · Pattern 2 1 of 3

Changes that take time

*日本語は 一年では 中々 上手に なれません* means "You cannot become proficient in Japanese easily in one year."

The *中々* with a negative verb from *この病気は 中々 なおりません* also describes this difficult change.

A result that does not occur

*この コップは とても じょうぶで、中々 こわれません* means the sturdy glass does not break easily. The same pattern describes a result that does not occur readily.

  1. 72

    このびょうきはなかなかなおりません。

    This illness is not easily cured.

  2. 73

    にほんごはいちねんではなかなかじょうずになれません。

    You cannot become proficient in Japanese easily in one year.

  3. 74

    これはおもいから、ひとりではなかなかはこべません。

    This is heavy, so one person cannot easily carry it.

  4. 75

    いまごろのかぜはなかなかなおりません。

    The colds going around these days do not clear up easily.

  5. 76

    わたくしはやせようとおもっているのですが、なかなかやせられませんね。

    I am trying to lose weight, but I cannot lose it easily.

  6. 77

    このコップはとてもじょうぶで、なかなかこわれません。

    This glass is very sturdy and does not break easily.

  7. 78

    ことしはさくらのはながなかなかさきませんね。

    The cherry blossoms are taking a long time to bloom this year, aren’t they?

  8. 79

    これはにほんではなかなかてにはいりません。

    This is not easily obtainable in Japan.

から、
from (See Gram. Notes)
一人
one person
かぜ
wind
とても
very, indeed
今年
this year
さくら
cherry (flower)
さき
tip, point

Difficulty finding and obtaining things · Pattern 2 2 of 3

Hard to find

*気に入った 家は 中々 ないものですね* means "It is not easy to find a house you like, is it?"

Here *中々* with *ない* describes difficulty finding a suitable house.

Hard to obtain

*それは このごろでは 中々 手に はいりませんよ* says that the old stamp is not easily obtainable these days.

The same pattern describes laundry that does not dry and difficulty becoming able to read Japanese newspapers.

  1. 80

    きょうはくもっているから、せんたくものがなかなかかわきません。

    It is cloudy today, so the laundry is not drying easily.

  2. 81

    いいかしやがありましたか。

    Did you find a good house to rent?

  3. 82

    いいえ、まだです。きにいったいえはなかなかないものですね。

    No, not yet. It is not easy to find a house you like, is it?

  4. 83

    いちねんぐらいにほんごをべんきょうしてにほんのしんぶんがよめるようになるでしょうか。

    If I study Japanese for about a year, will I become able to read Japanese newspapers?

  5. 84

    いちねんではなかなかにほんのしんぶんがよめるようにはなれませんね。

    You cannot easily become able to read Japanese newspapers in one year.

  6. 85

    このきってはずいぶんふるいものらしいですね。

    This stamp seems to be quite old, doesn’t it?

  7. 86

    ええ、それはこのごろではなかなかてにはいりませんよ。

    Yes, that is not easily obtainable these days.

  8. 87

    あなたはたばこをやめたのではないのですか。

    Did you not quit smoking?

ぐらい
about
切手
postage stamp
ずい分
very much
古い
old, antique
たばこ
tobacco, cigarette

Difficulty quitting and persuading · Pattern 2 3 of 3

Unable to quit easily

*やめようと 思っているんですが、中々 やめられませんね* means "I am trying to quit, but I cannot quit easily."

In *中々 やめられませんね*, *中々* stresses persistent difficulty.

Someone who will not agree

*かしてくれと 何度も 頼んだのですが、中々 しょうちしないのですよ* says repeated requests still do not gain consent.

  1. 88

    やめようとおもっているんですが、なかなかやめられませんね。

    I am trying to quit, but I cannot quit easily.

  2. 89

    たなかさんにじどうしゃをかしてもらうようにたのみましたか。

    Did you ask Mr. Tanaka to lend you his car?

  3. 90

    かしてくれとなんどもたのんだのですが、なかなかしょうちしないのですよ。

    I asked him many times to lend it to me, but he simply will not agree.

  4. 91

    はこべます。

    I can carry it.

  5. 92

    なおります。

    It will get well.

  6. 93

    おぼえられる

    Can remember.

  7. 94

    こわれる

    It breaks.

  8. 95

    あめがふる。

    It rains.

車
vehicle, car
もらう
to receive (tangible things)
だ
to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)
こわれる
break (vi)
降る。
to fall (rain) (v.i.)

Declining infectious diseases · Reading Selection 1 of 3

Treatment reduced deaths

The passage explains changes in tuberculosis and infectious childhood diseases. *けっかくは 一番の いのち取りでは なくなりました* says tuberculosis is no longer the leading killer.

Prevention reduced disease

*今日では えいせいが よくなり、ワクチンが 出来、けんこう保険の えいきょうなどで、でんせん病も しだいに げんしょうしています* connects the decline with sanitation, vaccines, and health insurance.

  1. 96

    しかし、きんねんではくすりがよくなったことと、てあてがよくなったため、けっかくはいちばんのいのちとりではなくなりました。

    However, in recent years, because medicines and treatment have improved, tuberculosis is no longer the number-one killer.

  2. 97

    にほんにはまたでんせんびょうもおおいです。

    There are also many infectious diseases in Japan.

  3. 98

    ここにさんねんせきりやインフルエンザがぞうかしていますが、チフスはげんしょうしています。

    Dysentery and influenza have increased over the past two or three years, but typhus has decreased.

  4. 99

    しょうにびょうではしょうにまひびょう、ひゃくにちぜき、ジフテリア、ハシカなどがありますが、いまではワクチンのちゅうしゃをやるので、そんなびょうきでしぬこどもはほとんどいません。

    Childhood diseases include polio, whooping cough, diphtheria, and measles, but now that children receive vaccine injections, almost no children die of such diseases.

  5. 100

    こんにちではえいせいがよくなり、ワクチンができ、けんこうほけんのえいきょうなどで、でんせんびょうもしだいにげんしょうしています。

    Today, with improved sanitation, the development of vaccines, and the effects of health insurance, infectious diseases are also gradually decreasing.

  6. 101

    にほんじんにおおいびょうきはどんなびょうきですか。

    What kinds of illnesses are common among Japanese people?

  7. 102

    このなかでいちばんおそろしいびょうきといえばなんですか。

    Of these, what would you say is the most frightening illness?

チフス
typhus

Cancer and tuberculosis · Reading Selection 2 of 3

Cancer and tuberculosis

The questions ask about cancer medicine and the reasons tuberculosis was feared. *なぜ はいけっかくは おそれられていますか* means "Why is lung tuberculosis feared?"

Answers draw on weak resistance, difficult recovery, and improved treatment. *がん* is the word for "cancer."

  1. 103

    がんにはいいくすりがありますか。

    Is there a good medicine for cancer?

  2. 104

    にほんでもうひとつおそれられているびょうきはどんなびょうきですか。

    What is another illness feared in Japan?

  3. 105

    なぜはいけっかくはおそれられていますか。

    Why is lung tuberculosis feared?

  4. 106

    けっかくきんがとうようにきたのはとおいむかしですか。

    Was it long ago that tuberculosis bacilli came to the Orient?

  5. 107

    とうようじんはけっかくきんにたいするていこうりょくがつよいですか。

    Do Orientals have strong resistance to tuberculosis bacilli?

  6. 108

    こんにちでははいけっかくはいちばんのいのちとりですか。

    Is pulmonary tuberculosis the number one killer today?

  7. 109

    なぜいちばんのいのちとりではなくなりましたか。

    Why is it no longer the number one killer?

Infectious and childhood diseases · Reading Selection 3 of 3

Which diseases are changing

The questions ask which infectious diseases are increasing or decreasing and which childhood diseases occur. *どんな でんせん病が ぞうかしていますか* means "What kinds of contagious diseases are increasing?"

Answers name the diseases and explain their decline through sanitation, vaccination, and health insurance.

  1. 110

    にほんにはどんなでんせんびょうがありますか。

    What kinds of contagious diseases are there in Japan?

  2. 111

    どんなでんせんびょうがぞうかしていますか。

    What kinds of contagious diseases are increasing?

  3. 112

    どんなでんせんびょうがげんしょうしていますか。

    What kinds of contagious diseases are decreasing?

  4. 113

    しょうにびょうにはどんなのがありますか。

    What kinds of childhood diseases are there?

  5. 114

    そんなびょうきでしぬこどもがおおいですか。

    Are there many children who die from such diseases?

  6. 115

    こんにちではなぜでんせんびょうもしだいにげんしょうしていますか。

    Why are contagious diseases also gradually decreasing today?

Why tuberculosis is feared · Questions

Two feared diseases

The passage names cancer as the most frightening disease and tuberculosis as another feared disease. *なぜですか* means "Why is that?"

An answer about cancer uses *これと言う* in *がんには 今のところ これと言う いい 薬が ないのです*.

An answer about recovery uses *中々 なおらないのです*, "very difficult to recover."

  1. 116

    にほんじんにおおいびょうきはがん、しんぞうびょう、はいえん、はいけっかく、のういっけつなどです。このなかでいちばんおそろしいびょうきといえばがんでしょう。がんにはいまのところこれといういいくすりがないのです。にほんでもうひとつおそれられているびょうきははいけっかくです。かぞくのだれかがはいけっかくにかかると、だれもこうさいしてくれなくなるのです。けっかくきんがとうようにきたのはあまりとおいむかしのことではありません。それで、けっかくきんにたいするていこうりょくがよわいのです。ですから、いちどけっかくにかかるとなかなかなおらないのです。とうようじんにはおそろしいびょうきです。

    Diseases common among the Japanese include cancer, heart disease, pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, and cerebral hemorrhage. Of these, cancer is probably the most frightening disease. At present, there is no particularly good medicine for cancer. Another disease feared in Japan is pulmonary tuberculosis. When someone in a family contracts pulmonary tuberculosis, no one will associate with that family. It was not very long ago that tuberculosis bacilli came to the Orient. For that reason, resistance to tuberculosis bacilli is weak. Therefore, once someone contracts tuberculosis, it is very difficult to recover. It is a frightening disease for Orientals.

  2. 117

    なぜですか。

    Why is that?

かく、
each (prefix)
でしょう。
probably (See Gram. Notes)

Tuberculosis and fear words · Word list 1 of 4

Tuberculosis and resistance

These words name tuberculosis, infection, fear, association, and resistance. *はいけっかく* means "pulmonary tuberculosis," while *けっかくきん* means "tuberculosis bacilli."

*おそれられています* means "is feared," and *抵こう力* means "resistance."

  1. 118

    はいけっかく

    pulmonary tuberculosis

  2. 119

    おそれられています

    is feared

  3. 120

    こうさいする

    to associate

  4. 121

    おそれる

    fear (v.t.)

  5. 122

    --にかかる

    contract (disease); catch, suffer from

  6. 123

    けっかくきん

    tuberculosis bacilli

  7. 124

    とうよう

    Orient

  8. 125

    とうようじん

    Oriental

  9. 126

    けっかく

    tubercle; tuberculosis

  10. 127

    (に)たいする

    against

  11. 128

    ていこうりょく

    resistance

  12. 129

    よわい

    weak

はいけっかく
pulmonary tuberculosis
おそれられています
is feared
こうさいする
to associate
おそれる
fear (v.t.)
--にかかる
contract (disease); catch, suffer from
けっかくきん
tuberculosis bacilli
東洋人
Oriental
けっかく
tubercle; tuberculosis
(に)対する
against
抵こう力
resistance

Disease and insurance words · Word list 2 of 4

Disease and insurance

These words cover serious diseases, difficulty, reasons, and insurance. *がん* means "cancer," *心ぞう病* means "heart disease," and *けんこう保険* means "health insurance."

*中々* means "by no means," "far from," or "not nearly" with a negative form.

  1. 130

    おそろしい

    fearful; dreadful

  2. 131

    なかなか

    by no means, far from, not nearly (See Gram. Notes)

  3. 132

    いのちとり

    killer (as of illness or cause of death)

  4. 133

    どういうわけ

    what reason

  5. 134

    けんこうほけん

    health insurance

  6. 135

    えいきょう

    influence

  7. 136

    しゃかいほけん

    social insurance

  8. 137

    せいど

    system

  9. 138

    がん

    cancer (See Cult. Notes)

  10. 139

    しんぞうびょう

    heart disease

  11. 140

    はいえん

    pneumonia

  12. 141

    のういっけつ

    stroke, cerebral hemorrhage

いのち取り
killer (as of illness or cause of death)
どう言う訳
what reason
けんこう保険
health insurance
社会保険
social insurance
せいど
system
心ぞう病
heart disease
はいえん
pneumonia
のういっけつ
stroke, cerebral hemorrhage

Infections and vaccination words · Word list 3 of 4

Infection and vaccination

These words name infections, childhood diseases, vaccines, injections, and death. *インフルエンザ* means "influenza," *小児病* means "disease of children," and *ワクチン* means "vaccine."

*これと言う* means "definite" or "to speak of."

  1. 142

    いまのところ

    as of now, at present

  2. 143

    インフルエンザ

    influenza

  3. 144

    せきり

    dysentery

  4. 145

    これという

    definite, to speak of, (See Gram. Notes)

  5. 146

    しょうにびょう

    disease of children

  6. 147

    ひゃくにちぜき

    whooping cough

  7. 148

    ジフテリア

    diphtheria

  8. 149

    はしか

    measles

  9. 150

    ワクチン

    vaccine

  10. 151

    ちゅうしゃ(する)

    injection (to give an injection)

  11. 152

    そういう

    such a

  12. 153

    しぬ

    die (v.i.)

今のところ
as of now, at present
せきり
dysentery
これと言う
definite, to speak of, (See Gram. Notes)
小児病
disease of children
百日ぜき
whooping cough
ジフテリア
diphtheria
はしか
measles
ちゅうしゃ(する)
injection (to give an injection)
そう言う
such a

Foodborne illness words · Word list 4 of 4

Disease and food

These words cover major infectious diseases, refrigeration, food, and food poisoning. *コレラ* means "cholera," *チフス* means "typhus," and *れいぞうこ* means "refrigerator."

*食物関係の* means "related to food," while *食あたり* means "food poisoning."

  1. 154

    コレラ

    cholera

  2. 155

    チフス

    typhus

  3. 156

    しょうにまひびょう

    infantile paralysis

  4. 157

    こまったことがありました。

    had had a difficult time

  5. 158

    いっぱんに

    in general, generally

  6. 159

    れいぞうこ

    refrigerator

  7. 160

    しょくもつ

    food

  8. 161

    かんけい

    relationship

  9. 162

    しょくもつかんけいの

    related to food

  10. 163

    しょくあたり

    food poisoning

Guide for Free Conversation

1 Topic Titles:

a Talk about contagious diseases both in japan and in America

b Talk about tuberculosis in japan.

c Talk about children’s diseases.

d Talk about the most common sickness in japan.
Homework

1 Memorize the Dialogue and the vocabulary.

2 Study Grammar Perception Drill.

3 Study pattern Practice and do the exercise following each pattern,

4 Learn to read and write new Kanji.

5 Read the Explanatory Notes.

6 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercises given.
コレラ
cholera
小児まひ病
infantile paralysis
困った事がありました。
had had a difficult time
一ぱんに
in general, generally
れいぞうこ
refrigerator
食物関係の
related to food

The particulars

The course
Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours.
Reading aloud
Digital narration, directed by 1732 Studios.
The book
Botchan, the work this course leads to, free to read here.
Data
JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents
Two whoopie pies and a pine. An inside joke.