Japanese Basic Course 1732 Studios

Japanese · Lesson 85

Lesson 87

Reading Japan

116 lines

Longer lives through medicine · Dialogue 1 of 5

Longer lives through medicine

Two people discuss preventive medicine and longer lives in Japan. *特に さい近の 医学の 進歩は ひじょうな もんだね* means "Especially, recent progress in medical science is really amazing."

*皆 長生きが 出来るよ* means "Everybody can lead a long life." The speakers connect this change with medical progress.

Kanji: 進

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

Kanji: 薬, 生

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

  1. 1

    あるびょうきはよぼうのほうほうがないが、いっぱんにはよいよぼうやくができてるね。

    Some sicknesses have no preventive method, but in general we have good preventive medicines, haven't we?

    あるsome
    病気sicknesses
    はtopic
    よぼうprevention
    のof
    ほうほうmethod
    がsubject
    ないnone
    が、but
    一general
    ぱんgeneral
    にin
    はtopic
    よいgood
    よぼうpreventive medicine
    薬preventive medicine
    がsubject
    出来are available
    てるare available
    ね。right?
  2. 2

    ええ、がんをのぞいてはたいていよぼうやくがあるね。

    Yes. Excepting for cancer, we usually have good preventive medicines.

  3. 3

    とくにさいきんのいがくのしんぽはひじょうなもんだね。

    Especially, progress of medical science recently is really amazing, isn't it?

  4. 4

    まったくだよ。まあおかげで、みんなながいきができるよ。しゅうせんごからにほんじんのじゅみょうものびて、じょしはななじゅういっさい、だんしはろくじゅうろくさいぐらいになってるんだ。

    You are right. Thanks to that everybody can lead a long life. After the war, the natural span of life of Japanese people has expanded and is considered to be 71 years old for women and 66 years old for men.

  5. 5

    じんせいわずかごじゅうねんといったのは、ついこのあいだのようなきがするね。

    It feels like it was just the other day that they said human life is a mere 50 years long.

  6. 6

    そうだね。さんじゅうねんたらずで、だんしはじゅうろくねん、じょしはにじゅういちねんのびたんだから。しかも、このとうけいはせんきゅうひゃくろくじゅうにねんのだから、いまではもっとのびているとおもうよ。

    That's right, because in less than thirty years, the life span expanded 16 years for men and 21 years for women. Furthermore, since this statistic is that of 1962, I am sure it has expanded more now.

--NI TSURETE Following the basic form of progressive type verbs such as FUTORU, YASERU, FUERU, etc. and progressive type nouns as HATTATSU, ZOOKA, GENSHOO, etc., NI TSURETE expresses an idea of "as ---", "with ---", or "in proportion to ---."

JIKAN GA TATSU NI TSURETE, --- "as time goes on", "with the lapse of time"

KANEMOCHI NI NARU NI TSURETE SHIMPAI GA OOKU NARIMASU. "As one gets richer, the more worries one gets."

KOOGYOO NO HATTATSU NI TSURETE, JINKOO MO ZOOKA SHIMASU. "With the development of industry, population increases."

TOSHI O TORU NI TSURETE, YOKU WASUREMONO O SHIMASU.

"As you get older, you forget things frequently."
1 MOTTO MOTTO. In Japanese, words are often doubled to strengthen the meaning. For example, MOTTO means "more" but MOTTO MOTTO means "much, much more."

Word | Doubled | Meaning
MADA | MADA MADA | "more, still" / "much more, still more"
KITA | KITA KITA | "he came" / "here he comes"
OYA | OYA OYA | "Olf, my*", "good gracious" / "Oh, my goodness"
TABERU | TABERU TABERU | "he eats" / "he sure eats"
2 RITSU RITSU is a suffix attached to nouns to give a meaning of "-- rate", or " -- percentage".

Example | Meaning
SHIBOORITSU | "death rate"
SHUSSHOORITSU | "birth rate"
HOKENRITSU | "insurance rate"
ZOOKARITSU | "rate of increase"
GENSHOORITSU | "rate of decrease"
-KYOO and -JAKU KYOO and JAKU are suffixes attached to numeral counters to give the meaning of "a little over ---" and "a little less ---", respectively.

Example | Meaning
JUU MAIRU KYOO | "long 10 miles"
JUU MAIRU JAKU | " a little less than 10 miles"
SAMBU GORIN KYOO | "a little over 3.5 per cent"
ICHI INCHI KYOO | "a little over one inch"
ICHI INCHI JAKU | "a little less than one inch"
ある
certain, some
は
leaves
よぼう
prevention
の
See Grammar Notes
が
but (See Gram. Notes)
一
one
に
on (See Gram. Notes)
よい
good (See Gram. Notes)
てる
to shine (v.i.)
ね。
isn't it (See Grammar Notes)
ええ、
Yes
がん
cancer (See Cult. Notes)
を
particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)
医学
medicine, medical science
な
I wish, I hope, huh
だ
to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)
全く
truly, entirely
まあ
Well! Oh, my!
で、
--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
長生き
long life
出来る
to be manufactured; to be produced (v.i.)
から
from (See Gram. Notes)
人
people
じゅみょう
natural span of life
女子
female, woman
七十
70
男子
male, man
六十
60
六
six
ぐらい
about
人生
life
わずか
a small amount; trifling
五十
50
年
year (See Grammar Notes)
と
and (See Gram. Notes)
つい
just; only
そう
numerical counter for ships
三十
30
十
ten
二十
20
しかも、
furthermore
千
1,000
九百
900
二
two
もっと
more (See Gram. Notes)
いる
to need (See Gram. Notes)
思う
to think

Infant mortality and population growth · Dialogue 2 of 5

Fewer infant deaths

The speakers discuss why lifespans have increased. *赤んぼうの 死ぼうりつが げんしょうした事だ* means "The infant death rate decreased."

They also discuss the birth rate and the natural rate of population increase.

The suffix for a rate

The suffix *りつ* attaches to a noun and means "rate" or "percentage."

*死ぼうりつ* is "death rate," *出生りつ* is "birth rate," and *ぞうかりつ* is "rate of increase."

Kanji: 死

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

Kanji: 児

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

  1. 7

    じゅみょうのながくなったげんいんはなんだろうかね。

    What do you suppose is the cause for this expansion of life span?

  2. 8

    いろいろあるとおもう。だいいちにいがくがしんぽしたためはやくしななくなったこと。だいににはあかんぼうのしぼうりつがげんしょうしたことだ。

    I think there are many. First of all, it is the fact that the people don't die early due to the advancement of medical science, and secondly, it is the fact that the death rate of infants has decreased.

  3. 9

    あかんぼうのしぼうりつがげんしょうしたのは、どういうわけだろうか。

    What do you suppose is the reason that the death rate of infants decreased?

  4. 10

    さんじせいげんによって、しゅっしょうりつがげんしょうしたうえに、せいかつていどがたかくなったため、あかんぼうがけんこうにそだつようになったからだよ。

    It is because of the fact that the birth rate has decreased due to birth control and also the fact that the infants are brought up more wholesomely because of the rise in the living standard.

  5. 11

    それでじんこうのしぜんのぞうかりつは。

    And what is the natural rate of increase of population?

  6. 12

    いちパーセントぐらいだから、きゅうじゅうまんていどだね。

    It's about 1 percent, so it will be about 900,000.

原因
cause
か
either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
思う。
to think
し
city
りつ
rate (See Cult. Notes)
だ。
to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)
言う
to say
程度
degree, standard
けんこう
health
そだつ
grow, be brought up (vi)
で
--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
人口
population
しぜん
natural
パーセント
percent
九十
90

Birth rates and growing height · Dialogue 3 of 5

Changes in height

The speakers compare birth rates, living standards, and changes in average height. *男子は へいきん 四センチ、女子は へいきん 二・五センチ強だ* gives the increases for men and women.

Men grew four centimeters on average. Women grew a little over 2.5 centimeters on average.

A little over or under

The suffixes *強* and *弱* attach to a number with its counter. *強* means "a little over," and *弱* means "a little less."

*二・五センチ強* means "a little over 2.5 centimeters."

Kanji: 世, 界, 低

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

Kanji: 次

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

  1. 13

    しゅっしょうりつは。

    What about the birth rate?

  2. 14

    せんきゅうひゃくろくじゅうにねんにはせんにんにたいしてじゅうしちにんだった。しゅっしょうしゃすうはひゃくろくじゅうにまん、そしてしぼうしゃすうはななじゅういちまんよだった。とにかくしゅっしょうりつはせかいでもスエーデン(じゅうよんてんいちにん)、デンマーク(じゅうろくてんろくにん)についでひくいんだよ。

    It was 17 per 1,000 in 1962. The number of births were 1,620,000 and the number of deaths were a little over 710,000. At any rate, the rate of birth is low even in the world, being next to Sweden (14.1) and Denmark (16.6).

  3. 15

    にほんじんはせがひくいとおもっていたんだが、ほかのとうようじんにくらべて、そんなにひくくはないね。

    I had the impression that the Japanese people are short, but compared to other Orientals, they are not so short, are they?

  4. 16

    きんねんにほんじんもせいかつていどがたかくなってきたので、へいきんしてせがたかくなった。

    In recent years the average height of the Japanese people became tall because the living standard has become high.

  5. 17

    どのくらいのびたのかね。

    About how much did they grow?

  6. 18

    だんしはへいきんよんセンチ、じょしはへいきんに・ごセンチきょうだ。これはせんきゅうひゃくさんじゅうにねんのじゅうろくさいのがくせいとせんきゅうひゃくろくじゅうにねんのじゅうろくさいのがくせいのひかくなんだ。

    Men grew an average of four centimeters and woemn grew an average of 2.5 centimeters plus. This is a comparison of 16 year-old students in 1932 and of 16 year-old students in 1962.

は。
leaves
七
seven
者
person
百
100
とにかく
at any rate; any how
せ
height (of man)
東洋
Orient
近年
recent years
へい
wall fence
どの
which (pre-substantive) (See Notes)
くらい
dark
四
four
センチ、
centimeter
五
five
学生
student (higher sch.)

Physique, diet and living standards · Dialogue 4 of 5

The same changes in inches

The speakers give the height changes in inches. *男子が 一・五インチ強、女子が 一インチ弱だ* means "A little over 1.5 inches for men and a little under one inch for women."

The *強* and *弱* after measurements give a little over and a little under the stated amounts.

Living standards and food

The speakers connect improved physique with higher living standards and changes in daily life. They then compare Japanese food with that of other countries.

Kanji: 弱

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

  1. 19

    インチだと、どのくらいかね。

    About how much in inches?

  2. 20

    そうだね。インチだとだんしがいち・ごインチきょう、じょしがいちインチじゃくだ。

    Well, let me see. if it is in inches, 1.5 inches plus for male and less than one inch for women.

  3. 21

    にほんじんのたいかくがよくなったのは、せいかつていどがたかくなったこととせいかつがかわったことにげんいんしてるんだね。

    The fact that the physique of Japanese people improved is due to the fact that the living standard became high and also the fact that the livelihood has changed, isn't it?

  4. 22

    そう。だが、にほんじんのたべものはまだよくならなければならないとおもう。

    You are right. However, I think the foodstuf of Japanese people should improve much more.

  5. 23

    よくないんかね。

    Aren't they good?

  6. 24

    ほかのぶんめいこくにくらべると、すこしおとっているね。

    Compared to other civilized nations, they are a little inferior.

インチ
inch
と、
and (See Gram. Notes)
一・
one
体
body, health
かく
each (prefix)
よく
well, skillfully
は、
leaves
食べ物
food
まだ
yet, still
なら
if it is (See Gram. Notes)
国
country, nation
少し
little (quantity)

Public diet and health · Dialogue 5 of 5

Food and health change together

The speakers discuss food eaten by the general public. *食糧が よくなるにつれて、もっともっと けんこうになる* means "As food improves, people become much healthier."

Here *につれて* connects improving food with improving health.

A word said twice

In Japanese, a word is often doubled to make its meaning stronger.

*もっと* means "more." In this line, *もっともっと* means "much, much more."

  1. 25

    にほんじんのたべものはよいとおもっていたんだが。

    I thought the foods of Japanese people were good.

  2. 26

    いっぱんのひとがたべるものがよくないんだ。このいっぱんのひとのしょくりょうがよくなるにつれて、もっともっとけんこうになるとおもうよ。

    Foods that are partaken by the general public are not good. As the foods partaken by this general public improve, people will become much more healthier, I think.

が。
but (See Gram. Notes)
食糧
food

How one change leads another · Perception drill

One change follows another

*外国語は 上手に なるにつれて、おもしろく なりますね* means "As one becomes proficient in a foreign language, it becomes more interesting."

*につれて* follows the basic form of a verb that names a continuing change. It means "as," "with," or "in proportion to."

The second change

The clause before *につれて* states the first change. The remaining clause states the corresponding change.

*年を とる につれて、よく わすれる様に なる* means "As one gets older, one comes to forget things often."

  1. 27

    しょくりょうがよくなるにつれて、もっともっとけんこうになるとおもいます。

    I think as food becomes better, one can become much healthier.

  2. 28

    がいこくごはじょうずになるにつれて、おもしろくなりますね。

    As one becomes proficient in a foreign language, it becomes more interesting, doesn't it?

  3. 29

    ええ。わからないとおもしろくないが、わかるようになるにつれて、おもしろくなるものです。

    Yes. If one doesn't understand, it won't be interesting, but as one comes to understand it, it will get interesting.

  4. 30

    うちのこどもはたべないものがおおくてこまりますよ。

    Our children don't eat many things and we don't know what to do.

  5. 31

    しんぱいはいりませんよ。こどもはおおきくなるにつれて、なんでもたべるようになりますよ。

    You don't have to worry about that. As the children grow bigger, they'll become to eat anything.

  6. 32

    ぼくはこのごろよくことばをわすれるようになったね。

    I have become to forget words often these days.

  7. 33

    としをとる(トゥーゲットオールド)につれて、よくわすれるようになるもんですよ。

    As you get older, you'll become to forget things often.

  8. 34

    このごろだいぶひがみじかくなったね。

    The days have become considerably shorter these days, haven't they?

  9. 35

    あきになるにつれて、みじかくなるいっぽうだよ。

    As it gets closer to autumn, the days will keep on getting shorter.

  10. 36

    このごろにほんごがたいぶむずかしくなったね。

    Japanese has become considerably difficult these days, hasn't it?

  11. 37

    うん、にほんごはすすむにつれて、ますますむずかしくなるね。

    Yes. As Japanese advances, it gets more and more difficult.

ます。
trout
上手
skillful, fluent (See Grammar Notes)
ええ。
Yes
もの
things (tangible)
です。
to be (See Gram. Notes)
うち
home, house
多く
many of them
僕
I (see notes)
わすれる
to forget
とる
to take (v.t.)
秋
autumn, fall
うん、
Yes, all right.
すすむ
to advance

Health, population and price changes · Pattern 1 1 of 3

Changes that occur together

*病気が よくなる につれて、よく 食べる様に なる* means "As the illness gets better, one begins to eat well."

The *につれて* after the first change connects it with a corresponding change in eating.

A verb or a noun before につれて

A changing verb can stand before *につれて*. *人口が ふえるにつれて、しょうばいも 発てんする* links increasing population with developing business.

A noun can also stand there. *工業の 発達につれて、人口も ぞうかした* links industrial development with population growth.

  1. 38

    びょうきがよくなるにつれて、よくたべるようになる。

    As the illness gets better, one begins to eat well.

  2. 39

    あのひとはときがたつにつれて、けんこうがおとろえる。

    As time passes, that person’s health declines.

  3. 40

    じんこうがふえるにつれて、しょうばいもはってんする。

    As the population increases, business also develops.

  4. 41

    たなかさんはとしをとるにつれてふとってきた。

    As Mr. Tanaka has gotten older, he has gained weight.

  5. 42

    せいさんがますにつれて、しなものがやすくなる。

    As production increases, goods become cheaper.

  6. 43

    たなかさんのおくさんはけんこうがおとろえるにつれて、やせてきました。

    As Mrs. Tanaka’s health has declined, she has lost weight.

  7. 44

    かしやのかずがぞうかするにつれて、やちんがすこしやすくなる。

    As the number of houses for rent increases, rent becomes a little cheaper.

  8. 45

    びょうきがおもくなるにつれて、やせてきた。

    As the illness became more serious, he lost weight.

  9. 46

    こうぎょうのはったつにつれて、じんこうもぞうかした。

    As industry developed, the population also increased.

時
time
たつ
to pass (time), elapse
おとろえる。
decline, become weak (v.i.)
ふえる
to increase (v.i.)
しょうばい
business, trade
生産
production
ます
trout
品物
goods, merchandise
家
house, home
かず
number

Growth and its consequences · Pattern 1 2 of 3

Growth and its consequence

*産児せいげんが さかんになるにつれて 人口も あまり ぞうかしていません* links more widespread birth control with limited population growth.

The first clause states what becomes more widespread. The second states the corresponding consequence.

An increasing number

*学生の かずが ふえるにつれて、学校も 足りなくなる* means "As the number of students increases, there are not enough schools."

Here the continuing increase before *につれて* leads to the shortage stated after it.

  1. 47

    メキシコのおんなのひとはとしをとるにつれて、ふとりますね。

    Mexican women gain weight as they get older, don’t they?

  2. 48

    そうですね。メキシコのおんなのひとはたいてい、としをとるとふとります。

    That’s right. Mexican women usually gain weight when they get older.

  3. 49

    にほんでもこのごろさかんにさんじせいげんをやっているそうですね。

    I understand that birth control has become widespread in Japan recently, hasn’t it?

  4. 50

    そうです。さんじせいげんがさかんになるにつれてじんこうもあまりぞうかしていません。

    That’s right. As birth control has become more widespread, the population has not increased very much.

  5. 51

    このごろべいこくではがっこうがたりなくてこまっているそうですね。

    I understand that there are not enough schools in the United States these days, isn’t that right?

  6. 52

    ええ、がくせいのかずがふえるにつれて、がっこうもたりなくなるのです。

    Yes. As the number of students increases, there are not enough schools.

  7. 53

    レッスンがすすむにつれて、かんじのかずがおおくなりますか。

    As the lessons progress, does the number of kanji increase?

  8. 54

    そうですよ。

    That’s right.

  9. 55

    やまださんのおくさんのびょうきはあまりよくないらしいですね。ずいぶんやせておられました。

    I hear that Mrs. Yamada’s illness is not getting much better. She had lost a great deal of weight.

メキシコ
Mexico
女
female
です
to be (See Gram. Notes)
ずい分
very much

Worsening illness and other changes · Pattern 1 3 of 3

Verbs of change

*発達する* means "to develop," and *ふえる* means "to increase." These changes can stand before *につれて*.

*大きくなる* means "to grow larger," while *せが のびる* means "to grow taller."

Age and illness

*年を とる* means "to get older." *病気が 悪くなる* means "for an illness to get worse."

Each expression names a change that can progress over time.

  1. 56

    ええ、びょうきがわるくなると、たべられなくなりますから、やせるのです。

    Yes. When her illness gets worse, she becomes unable to eat, so she loses weight.

  2. 57

    はったつする

    to develop

  3. 58

    おおきくなる

    to grow larger

  4. 59

    としをとる

    to get older

  5. 60

    ふえる

    to increase

  6. 61

    びょうきがわるくなる

    for an illness to get worse

  7. 62

    せがのびる

    to grow taller

から、
from (See Gram. Notes)
やせる
to lose weight (v.i.)
のびる
to grow tall, grow long, stretch

Causes of longer lifespans · Questions 1 of 2

Why lifespans increased

The questions ask why Japanese lifespans increased and by how much. *じゅみょうが 長くなったおもな原因は何ですか* means "What are the main reasons that the lifespan increased?"

An answer names causes such as medical progress or reduced infant mortality. Other answers give ages or numbers of years.

  1. 63

    わたくしたちがながいきできるようになったのはなんのおかげですか。

    What has made it possible for us to live longer?

  2. 64

    しゅうせんごからにほんのだんしのじゅみょうはへいきんなんさいぐらいになりましたか。

    Since the end of the war, about how many years has the average life span of Japanese men become?

  3. 65

    じょしは。

    What about women?

  4. 66

    かこさんじゅうねんのあいだにだんしはなんねんぐらいじゅみょうがのびましたか。

    During the past thirty years, by about how many years has the life span of men increased?

  5. 67

    じょしは。

    What about women?

  6. 68

    じゅみょうがながくなったおもなげんいんはなんですか。

    What are the main reasons that the life span has increased?

  7. 69

    あかんぼうのしぼうりつがげんしょうしたげんいんはなんですか。

    What caused the infant mortality rate to decrease?

か。
either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
かこ
past

Population, height and living standards · Questions 2 of 2

Population and height

The questions ask about birth rates, population growth, average height, and living standards. *日本人の 出生りつは どうですか* means "How is the Japanese birth rate?"

An answer gives a rate, a measurement, a comparison, or a cause.

  1. 70

    にほんじんのしゅっしょうりつはどうですか。たかいですか、ひくいですか。

    How is the Japanese birth rate? Is it high or low?

  2. 71

    にほんじんのしゅっしょうりつはせんにんにたいしてなんにんぐらいですか。

    About how many births are there per thousand Japanese people?

  3. 72

    せんきゅうひゃくろくじゅうにねんのとうけいによると、じんこうのぞうかはどのぐらいでしたか。

    According to the statistics for 1962, how much did the population increase?

  4. 73

    きんねんにほんじんのたいかくがよくなり、せがたかくなったげんいんはなんですか。

    What has caused the physique of the Japanese to improve and their height to increase in recent years?

  5. 74

    かこさんじゅうねんのあいだにへいきんどのぐらいせがたかくなりましたか。だんし？じょし？

    During the past thirty years, by how much has average height increased? For men? For women?

  6. 75

    ほかのぶんめいこくにくらべて、にほんじんのせいかつていどはどうですか。

    Compared with other civilized countries, how is the Japanese standard of living?

  7. 76

    せいかつていどをたかくするためには、どうしなければなりませんか。

    What must be done to raise the standard of living?

男子？
male, man
女子？
female, woman

Prevention and longevity words · Word list 1 of 4

Prevention and longer life

These words cover prevention, medical progress, and lifespan. *よぼう* means "prevention," and *よぼう薬* means "preventive medicine."

*長生き* means "long life," while *じゅみょう* means "natural span of life."

  1. 77

    よぼう

    prevention

  2. 78

    よぼうやく

    preventive medicine

  3. 79

    ほうほう

    method; way

  4. 80

    いがく

    medicine, medical science

  5. 81

    しんぽ(する)

    progress(to progress) (v.i.)

  6. 82

    ながいき

    long life

  7. 83

    じゅみょう

    natural span of life

  8. 84

    のびる

    lengthen, expand, be prolonged (vi)

  9. 85

    まったくです

    that is true; you are right

  10. 86

    じょし

    female, woman

よぼう薬
preventive medicine
方ほう
method; way
進歩(する)
progress(to progress) (v.i.)
全くです
that is true; you are right

Ageing and mortality words · Word list 2 of 4

Ageing and rates

These words cover ageing, death, and birth. *年を とる* means "to get older" or "to age."

The *りつ* for a rate appears in *死ぼうりつ*, "death rate," and *出生りつ*, "birth rate."

  1. 87

    だんし

    male, man

  2. 88

    じんせい

    life

  3. 89

    つい

    just; only

  4. 90

    ついこのあいだ

    just the other day

  5. 91

    きがする

    feel, fancy (vi)

  6. 92

    しななくなった

    don't die

  7. 93

    としをとる

    to get older; to age

  8. 94

    しぼうりつ

    death rate

  9. 95

    りつ

    rate (See Cult. Notes)

  10. 96

    しゅっしょうりつ

    birth rate

ついこの間
just the other day
気がする
feel, fancy (vi)
死ななくなった
don't die
年をとる
to get older; to age
死ぼうりつ
death rate
出生りつ
birth rate

Population and height words · Word list 3 of 4

Population and height

These words cover living standards, population, and height. *生活程度* means "living standard," and *ぞうかりつ* means "rate of increase."

*せ* means "height," and *二・五センチ強* means "a little over 2.5 centimeters."

  1. 97

    せいかつていど

    living standard

  2. 98

    ていど

    degree, standard

  3. 99

    しぜん

    natural

  4. 100

    ぞうかりつ

    rate of increase

  5. 101

    しぼう

    death

  6. 102

    ついで

    ranking next to

  7. 103

    せ

    height (of man)

  8. 104

    へいきんする

    to average

  9. 105

    に・ごセンチきょう

    2.5 centimeters pluss, (See Cult. Notes)

  10. 106

    がくせい

    student (higher sch.)

生活程度
living standard
ぞうかりつ
rate of increase
死ぼう
death
次いで
ranking next to
へいきんする
to average
二・五センチ強
2.5 centimeters pluss, (See Cult. Notes)

Physique and statistics words · Word list 4 of 4

Physique and changing amounts

These words cover physique, measurements, and comparison. *一インチ弱* means "a little less than one inch," and *体かく* means "physique."

*につれて* means "as," while *もっともっと* means "very much more."

  1. 107

    ひかく(する)

    comparison (compare) (v.t.)

  2. 108

    インチ

    inch

  3. 109

    いちインチじゃく

    1 inch minus (See Cult. Notes)

  4. 110

    たいかく

    physique

  5. 111

    ぶんめいこく

    civilized country

  6. 112

    おとる

    be inferior (vi)

  7. 113

    ---につれて

    as it --- (See Gram. Notes)

  8. 114

    もっともっと

    very much more (See Cult. Notes)

  9. 115

    しぼうしゃすう

    number of deaths

  10. 116

    しゅっしょうしゃすう

    number of births

Guide for Free Conversation

1 Topic Titles:

a Talk about preventive medicine.

b Talk about the life span of Japanese people before the war and after the war.

c What are the causes of this expansion of life span of the Japanese people?

d Talk about the birth rate in Japan and in the United States.

e Talk about the death rate in Japan and also that of the United States.

f Talk about the causes for the Japanese people getting taller.

g Talk about the living standard of the Japanese people and also that of the American people.
Homework

1 Memorize the Dialogue and the vocabulary.

2 Study the Grammar Perception Drill.

3 Study Pattern Practice and do the exercise following each pattern.

4 Learn to read and write new Kanji.

5 Read the Explanatory Notes.

6 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercises given.
ひかく(する)
comparison (compare) (v.t.)
一インチ弱
1 inch minus (See Cult. Notes)
体かく
physique
文明国
civilized country
おとる
be inferior (vi)
---につれて
as it --- (See Gram. Notes)
もっともっと
very much more (See Cult. Notes)
死ぼう者数
number of deaths
出生者数
number of births

The particulars

The course
Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours.
Reading aloud
Digital narration, directed by 1732 Studios.
The book
Botchan, the work this course leads to, free to read here.
Data
JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents
Two whoopie pies and a pine. An inside joke.