Dutch · The Novel
Hoofdstuk 5
Chapter 5
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CHAPTER FIVE
VYFDEFIFTHvijfde · ordinal adjectivemodifies HOOFDSTUKHistorical spelling with y for modern ij.
HOOFDSTUKCHAPTERhoofdstuk · noun, neuter singularhead of chapter title - 2
At ten in the morning there was an unusual stir on the high road that links the district of Pandeglang with Lebak. "High road" is perhaps saying rather too much for the broad footpath that people, out of courtesy and for want of anything better, called the "road." But if one set out from Serang, the chief town of the Bantam residency, in a carriage and four, meaning to make one's way to Rangkas-Betoeng, the new chief town of the Lebak country, one could be nearly certain of arriving there in due course. So it was a road after all.
Erthereer · expletive adverbexpletive introducing existential clausewaswaszijn · verb, past, singularmain verb of the sentencedesin thede · determiner, genitive singulardeterminer of morgensmorgensmorningmorgen · noun, genitive singulartime adjunct of wasteatte · prepositionintroduces time phrasetiententien · numeralmodifies ureureo'clockuur · noun, dative singularobject of teArchaic inflected form of uur.
eenaneen · determinerdeterminer of bewegingongewoneunusualongewoon · adjectivemodifies bewegingbewegingstirbeweging · noun, common gender, singularsubject of wasoponop · prepositionpreposition marking wegdenthede · determiner, masculine dative singulardeterminer of weggrootenhighgroot · adjective, inflectedmodifies wegwegroadweg · noun, common gender, singularobject of opdiethatdie · pronounsubject of verbindtdethede · determinerdeterminer of afdeelingafdeelingdistrictafdeling · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of verbindtHistorical spelling of afdeling.
PandeglangPandeglangPandeglang · proper nounapposition to afdeelingverbindtlinksverbinden · verb, present, singularrelative clause on wegmetwithmet · prepositionpreposition marking LebakLebakLebakLebak · proper nounobject of metGrooteHighgroot · adjective, inflectedmodifies quoted wegwegroadweg · noun, common gender singularsubject of isisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula linking weg to gezegdmisschienperhapsmisschien · adverbmodifies gezegdwatratherwat · adverbmodifies veelveeltoo muchveel · adverbmodifies gezegdgezegdsaidzeggen · past participle used adjectivallypredicative adjective with isWat veel gezegd is an idiom meaning that the description is an overstatement.
voorforvoor · prepositionintroduces comparison with voetpad'tthehet · determinerdeterminer of voetpadbreedbroadbreed · adjectivemodifies voetpadvoetpadfootpathvoetpad · noun, neuter, singularobject of voordatthatdat · relative pronoun, neuter singulardirect object of noemdemenpeoplemen · pronoun, nominativesubject of noemdeuitout ofuit · prepositionpreposition marking beleefdheidbeleefdheidcourtesybeleefdheid · noun, common gender, singularobject of uitenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationby-gebrekfor wantbij gebrek · prepositional phrasecoordinated with uit beleefdheidHistorical spelling with y; bij gebrek aan means “for want of.”
aanofaan · prepositionintroduces complement of gebrekbeteranything bettergoed · nominalized comparative adjectiveobject of aandethede · determinerdeterminer of quoted wegwegroadweg · noun, common gender, singularobject complement of datnoemdecallednoemen · verb, past, singularrelative-clause verb modifying voetpadMaarbutmaar · conjunctionintroduces contrasting main sentencealsifals · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vertrokmenonemen · pronoun, nominativesubject of vertrokmetinmet · prepositionintroduces means of traveleenaeen · determinerdeterminer of rytuigvierspannigfour-horsevierspannig · adjectivemodifies rytuigA vierspan is a team of four horses.
rytuigcarriagerijtuig · noun, neuter, singularobject of metHistorical spelling of rijtuig.
vertrokset outvertrekken · verb, past, singularverb of conditional clausevanfromvan · prepositionpreposition marking SerangSerangSerangSerang · proper nounobject of vandethede · determinerdeterminer of hoofdplaatshoofdplaatschief townhoofdplaats · noun, common gender, singularapposition to Serangderof thede · determiner, genitive singulardeterminer of residentieresidentieresidencyresidentie · noun, common gender, singulargenitive complement of hoofdplaatsBantamBantamBantam · proper nounapposition to residentiemetwithmet · prepositionpreposition marking voornemenhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of voornemenvoornemenintentionvoornemen · noun, neuter, singularobject of metzichoneselfzich · pronoun, accusative, reflexivereflexive object of begeventetote · infinitive markerintroduces begevenbegevenmake one's waybegeven · verb, infinitiveclause modifying voornemennaartonaar · prepositionpreposition marking Rangkas-BetoengRangkas-BetoengRangkas-BetoengRangkas-Betoeng · proper nounobject of naardethede · determinerdeterminer of hoofdplaatsnieuwenewnieuw · adjectivemodifies hoofdplaatshoofdplaatschief townhoofdplaats · noun, common gender, singularin apposition to Rangkas-Betoengvanofvan · prepositionintroduces complement of hoofdplaats'tthehet · determinerdeterminer of LebakscheLebakscheLebak countryLebaks · adjective, substantivizedobject of vanSubstantivized adjective meaning the Lebak territory or country.
koncouldkunnen · modal verb, past, singularmodal governing zijnmenonemen · pronoun, nominativesubject of aantekomennagenoegnearlynagenoeg · adverbmodifies zekerzekercertainzeker · adjective, predicativepredicate adjective with zijnzynbezijn · verb, infinitivecomplement of konte-eeniger-tydin due coursete eniger tijd · adverbial phrasetime adjunct of aankomenArchaic expression meaning eventually or in due course.
daartheredaar · adverbmodifies aantekomenaantekomento arriveaankomen · verb, infinitiveinfinitive complement of zeker zijnHistorical closed spelling of aan te komen.
'tithet · personal pronoun, neuter singularsubject of WasWaswaszijn · verb, past, singularcopula linking subject to wegdussodus · adverbmodifies Waseenaeen · determinerdeterminer of wegwegroadweg · noun, common gender, singularpredicative noun with Was - 3
True, one was forever sticking fast in the mud, which in the Bantam lowlands is heavy, clayey, and clinging; true, one was repeatedly obliged to call on the help of the inhabitants of the nearest villages — even when they were not very near, for villages are not plentiful in those parts — but once one had finally managed to gather a score of farmers from round about, it usually did not take very long before horse and carriage were back on firm ground.
Weltruewel · adverbconcessive marker modifying bleefbleefkeptblijven · verb, past, singularmain verb of the sentencemenonemen · pronoun, nominativesubject of bleefgedurigcontinuallygedurig · adverbmodifies bleef stekenstekengetting stucksteken · verb, infinitiveinfinitive complement of bleefininin · prepositionpreposition marking modderdenthede · determiner, masculine dative singulardeterminer of moddermoddermudmodder · noun, common gender, singularobject of indiewhichdie · pronounsubject of isininin · prepositionpreposition marking laaglandendethede · determinerdeterminer of laaglandenBantamscheBantamBantams · adjective, inflectedmodifies laaglandenHistorical -sch spelling of modern -s.
laaglandenlowlandslaagland · noun, pluralobject of inzwaarheavyzwaar · adjectivepredicative adjective with iskleierigclayeykleierig · adjectivecoordinated with zwaarenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationklevendclingingkleven · present participle used adjectivallypredicative adjective with isisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula linking die to predicatesweltruewel · adverbconcessive marker modifying waswaswaszijn · verb, past, singularcopula linking men to genoodzaaktmenonemen · pronoun, nominativesubject of genoodzaakttelkensrepeatedlytelkens · adverbmodifies genoodzaaktgenoodzaaktobligednoodzaken · past participle used adjectivallypredicate adjective with wasdethede · determinerdeterminer of hulphulphelphulp · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of interoepeninteroepento call oninroepen · verb, infinitiveinfinitive complement of genoodzaaktHistorical closed spelling of in te roepen.
vanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking bewonersdethede · determinerdeterminer of bewonersbewonersinhabitantsbewoner · noun, pluralcomplement of hulp vanderof thede · determiner, genitive pluraldeterminer of dorpennaastbynearestnaastbij · adverbmodifies gelegenHistorical spelling of naastbij.
gelegensituatedliggen · past participle used adjectivallymodifies dorpendorpenvillagesdorp · noun, pluralgenitive complement of bewonersookevenook · adverbpart of concessive conjunction ook alalthoughal · subordinating conjunctionintroduces concessive clausewarenwerezijn · verb, past, pluralcopula linking ze to nabyzetheyzij · personal pronoun, nominative pluralsubject of warennietnotniet · adverbmodifies zéérzéérveryzeer · adverbmodifies nabynabynearnabij · adjective, predicativepredicate adjective with warenHistorical spelling of nabij.
wantforwant · conjunctionintroduces explanatory clausedethede · determinerdeterminer of dorpendorpenvillagesdorp · noun, pluralsubject of zynzynarezijn · verb, present, pluralcopula linking dorpen to menigvuldignietnotniet · adverbmodifies menigvuldigmenigvuldigplentifulmenigvuldig · adjective, predicativepredicate adjective with zynininin · prepositionpreposition marking strekendiethosedie · determinerdeterminer of strekenstrekenpartsstreek · noun, pluralobject of inmaarbutmaar · conjunctionintroduces contrasting main clausealsonceals · subordinating conjunctionintroduces temporal clausemenonemen · pronoun, nominativesubject of geslaagderiter · adverbpronominal component of erin geslaagddanthendan · adverbmodifies geslaagdeindelykfinallyeindelijk · adverbmodifies geslaagdHistorical spelling of eindelijk.
ininin · prepositionpronominal component of erin geslaagdgeslaagdsucceededslagen · verb, participlepast participle with waswashadzijn · auxiliary verb, past, singularauxiliary of geslaagdeenaeen · determinerdeterminer of twintigtaltwintigtalscoretwintigtal · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of krygenlandbouwersfarmerslandbouwer · noun, pluralpartitive complement of twintigtaluitfromuit · prepositionintroduces source phrasedenthede · determiner, masculine dative singulardeterminer of omtrekomtreksurrounding areaomtrek · noun, common gender singularobject of uitby-eentogetherbijeen · separable adverbial particleparticle of bijeen krygenHistorical spelling with y.
tetote · infinitive markerintroduces krygenkrygengetkrijgen · verb, infinitiveinfinitive complement of geslaagdHistorical spelling of krijgen.
duurdetookduren · verb, past, singularmain verb of contrasting clausehetithet · expletive pronoun, neuter singularsubject of duurdegewoonlykusuallygewoonlijk · adverbmodifies duurdeHistorical spelling of gewoonlijk.
nietnotniet · adverbmodifies langzeerveryzeer · adverbmodifies langlanglonglang · adverbduration complement of duurdevoorbeforevoor · subordinating conjunctionintroduces clause of gebrachtmenonemen · pronoun, nominativesubject of had gebrachtpaardhorsepaard · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of had gebrachtenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationwagencarriagewagen · noun, common gender, singularcoordinated with paardwederbackweder · adverbmodifies had gebrachtoponop · prepositionpreposition marking grondvastenfirmvast · adjective, inflectedmodifies grondgrondgroundgrond · noun, common gender, singularobject of ophadhadhebben · auxiliary verb, past, singularauxiliary of gebrachtgebrachtbroughtbrengen · verb, participleverb of clause introduced by voor - 4
The coachman cracked his whip, the runners — in Europe, I believe, one would say "grooms," or rather, there is nothing in Europe that corresponds to these runners — these incomparable runners, then, with their short thick little whips, would skip along again at the side of the team, shrieking out indescribable noises and lashing the horses under the belly to spur them on. In this way one jolted along for a while, until the dispiriting moment came round again when one sank up to the axles in the mud.
Dethede · determinerdeterminer of koetsierkoetsiercoachmankoetsier · noun, common gender, singularsubject of klapteklaptecrackedklappen · verb, past, singularmain verb of the sentencemetwithmet · prepositionpreposition marking zweepdehisde · determinerdeterminer of zweep; contextually possessivezweepwhipzweep · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of klaptedethede · determinerdeterminer of loopersloopersrunnersloper · noun, common gender, pluralsubject of huppelden, kreschen, and sloegenininin · prepositionpreposition marking EuropaEuropaEuropeEuropa · proper nounoblique complement of zeggenzouwouldzullen · auxiliary verb, past, singularauxiliary of zeggenmenonemen · pronoun, nominativesubject of zeggengeloofbelievegeloven · verb, present, singularparenthetical main verbikIik · pronoun, nominativesubject of geloofzeggensayzeggen · verb, infinitivemain verb of the conditional clausepalfreniersgroomspalfrenier · noun, common gender, pluraldirect object of zeggenoforof · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlieverratherliever · adverbcorrective discourse adverberthereer · adverbexistential adverb with bestaatbestaatexistsbestaan · verb, present, singularmain verb of the corrective clauseininin · prepositionpreposition marking EuropaEuropaEuropeEuropa · proper nounoblique complement of bestaatnietsnothingniets · pronounsubject of bestaatwatthatwat · pronounsubject of overeenkomtmetwithmet · prepositionpreposition marking loopersdezethesedeze · determinerdeterminer of loopersloopersrunnersloper · noun, common gender, pluraloblique complement of overeenkomtovereenkomtcorrespondsovereenkomen · verb, present, singularrelative clause on nietsdiethesedie · demonstrative determinerdeterminer of loopersonvergelykbareincomparableonvergelijkbaar · adjective, attributivemodifies loopersloopersrunnersloper · noun, common gender, pluralsubject of huppelden, kreschen, and sloegendanthendan · adverbdiscourse adverb resuming the sentencemetwithmet · prepositionpreposition marking zweepjeshuntheirhun · possessive determinerpossessor of zweepjeskorteshortkort · adjective, attributivemodifies zweepjesdikkethickdik · adjective, attributivemodifies zweepjeszweepjeslittle whipszweep · noun, diminutive, pluraloblique complement of huppeldenhuppeldenskippedhuppelen · verb, past, pluralmain verb coordinated with kreschen and sloegenweeragainweer · adverbmodifies huppeldenaanataan · prepositionpreposition marking zydedethede · determinerdeterminer of zydezydesidezijde · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of huppeldenvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking vierspanhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of vierspanvierspanteamvierspan · noun, neuter, singularcomplement of van modifying zydekreschenshriekedkrijsen · verb, past, pluralcoordinated with huppeldenKreschen is a nineteenth-century form of modern krijsten, from krijsen.
onbeschryfelykeindescribableonbeschrijfelijk · adjective, attributivemodifies geluidengeluidennoisesgeluid · noun, neuter, pluraldirect object of kreschenenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsloegenlashedslaan · verb, past, pluralcoordinated with huppelden and kreschendethede · determinerdeterminer of paardenpaardenhorsespaard · noun, neuter, pluraldirect object of sloegenter-aanmoedigingfor encouragementter aanmoediging · adverbial prepositional phrasepurpose adjunct of sloegenonderunderonder · prepositionpreposition marking buikdenthede · determiner, archaic masculine singulardeterminer of buikbuikbellybuik · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of sloegenZóóthuszo · adverbmodifies hostehostejoltedhossen · verb, past, singularmain verb of the sentencemenonemen · pronoun, nominativesubject of hostedanthendan · adverbmodifies hosteeenigensomeenig · adjective, attributive, archaic inflectionmodifies tydtydtimetijd · noun, common gender, singularadverbial measure of durationvoortonwardvoort · adverbseparable particle of voort-hossentotuntiltot · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the temporal clause of washetthehet · determinerdeterminer of oogenblikverdrietigdispiritingverdrietig · adjective, attributivemodifies oogenblikoogenblikmomentogenblik · noun, neuter, singularsubject of wasweeragainweer · adverbmodifies wasdaartheredaar · adverbmodifies waswaswaszijn · verb, past, singularmain verb of the clause introduced by totdatwhendat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces a relative clause modifying oogenblikmenonemen · pronoun, nominativesubject of wegzonktotup totot · prepositionpreposition marking assenoverpastover · prepositionpart of the complex preposition tot overdethede · determinerdeterminer of assenassenaxlesas · noun, pluraloblique complement of wegzonkwegzonksankwegzinken · verb, past, singularmain verb of the relative clauseininin · prepositionpreposition marking modderdenthede · determiner, archaic masculine singulardeterminer of moddermoddermudmodder · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of wegzonk - 5
Then the cry for help began afresh. One waited patiently until that help arrived, and ... struggled on.
Danthendan · adverbmodifies begonbegonbeganbeginnen · verb, past, singularmain verb of the sentencehetthehet · determinerdeterminer of geroepgeroepcryinggeroep · noun, neuter, singularsubject of begonomforom · prepositionpreposition marking hulphulphelphulp · noun, common gender, singularmodifies geroepop-nieuwafreshopnieuw · adverbmodifies begonMenonemen · pronoun, nominativesubject of wachttewachttewaitedwachten · verb, past, singularmain verb of the sentencegeduldigpatientlygeduldig · adverbmodifies wachttetotuntiltot · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the temporal clause of kwamdiethatdie · determinerdeterminer of hulphulphelphulp · noun, common gender, singularsubject of kwamkwamcamekomen · verb, past, singularmain verb of the temporal clauseenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsukkeldestruggledsukkelen · verb, past, singularcoordinated with wachtteverderonverder · adverbparticle complement of sukkelde - 6
Often, as I passed along that road, it seemed to me that here or there I might come upon a carriage carrying travellers from the previous century, who had sunk in the mud and been forgotten.
Dikwylsoftendikwijls · adverbmodifies wasalsasals · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gingikIik · pronoun, nominativesubject of gingdienthatdie · demonstrative determiner, archaic masculine singulardeterminer of wegwegroadweg · noun, common gender, singularobject of the postposition langslangsalonglangs · postpositionmarks the route dien weggingwentgaan · verb, past, singularmain verb of the temporal clausewasseemedzijn · verb, past, singularmain verb of the impersonal construction'tithet · pronoun, nominativesubject of wasmyto memij · pronoun, dativeexperiencer complement of wasalsas ifals · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the apparent-state clause of vindenzouwouldzullen · auxiliary verb, past, singularauxiliary of vindenikIik · pronoun, nominativesubject of vindenhierherehier · adverblocative adverb modifying vindenoforof · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdaartheredaar · adverbcoordinated with hiereenaeen · determinerdeterminer of wagenwagencarriagewagen · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of vindenvindenfindvinden · verb, infinitivemain verb of the clause introduced by alsmetwithmet · prepositionpreposition marking reizigersreizigerstravellersreiziger · noun, common gender, pluralcomplement of met modifying wagenuitfromuit · prepositionpreposition marking eeuwdethede · determinerdeterminer of eeuwvorigepreviousvorig · adjectivemodifies eeuweeuwcenturyeeuw · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of reizigersdiewhodie · pronounsubject of gezakt and patient of vergetenininin · prepositionpreposition marking modderdenthede · determiner, archaic masculine singulardeterminer of moddermoddermudmodder · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of gezaktgezaktsunkzakken · verb, past participlemain verb of the relative clause; coordinated with vergetenenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvergetenforgottenvergeten · verb, past participlepassive participle coordinated with gezaktwarenhad beenzijn · auxiliary verb, past, pluralperfect auxiliary of gezakt and passive auxiliary of vergeten - 7
But this never once happened to me.
Maarbutmaar · conjunctionintroduces the clause of voorgekomenditthisdit · pronounsubject of voorgekomenishaszijn · auxiliary verb, present, singularauxiliary of voorgekomenmeto memij · pronoun, dativeindirect object of voorgekomennooitnevernooit · adverbmodifies voorgekomenvoorgekomenhappenedvoorkomen · verb, participlemain verb of the sentence - 8
So I assume that all who ever came along this road did in the end arrive where they wished to be.
IkIik · pronoun, nominativesubject of veronderstelveronderstelassumeveronderstellen · verb, present, singularmain verb of the sentencedusthereforedus · adverbmodifies verondersteldatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the complement clause of veronderstelallenallal · indefinite pronoun, pluralsubject of zyn aangelanddiewhodie · pronounsubject of kwamenooiteverooit · adverbmodifies kwamendezenthisdeze · demonstrative determiner, archaic masculine singulardeterminer of wegwegroadweg · noun, common gender, singularobject of the postposition langslangsalonglangs · postpositionmarks the route dezen wegkwamencamekomen · verb, past, pluralrelative clause on alleneindelykeventuallyeindelijk · adverbmodifies aangelandzynhavezijn · auxiliary verb, present, pluralperfect auxiliary of aangelandaangelandarrivedaanlanden · verb, past participlemain verb of the complement clausewaarwherewaar · adverblocative complement of wezenzetheyzij · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of wildenwezento bewezen · verb, infinitivecomplement of wildenwildenwantedwillen · modal verb, past, pluralmain verb of the locative clause introduced by waar - 9
One would be much mistaken to form an idea of the whole of the great road across Java by the measure of that road in the Lebak country.
Menonemen · pronoun, nominativesubject of vergissenzouwouldzullen · auxiliary verb, past, singularauxiliary of vergissenzichoneselfzich · pronoun, accusative, reflexivereflexive particle of vergissenzeergreatlyzeer · adverbmodifies vergissenvergissenbe mistakenvergissen · verb, infinitivemain verb of the conditional constructionwanneerifwanneer · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vormdemenonemen · pronoun, nominativesubject of vormdezichoneselfzich · pronoun, dative, reflexivereflexive indirect object of vormdevanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking weg; the phrase modifies denkbeelddenthede · determiner, archaic masculine singulardeterminer of weggeheelenwholegeheel · adjective, attributive, archaic inflectionmodifies weggrootengreatgroot · adjective, attributive, archaic inflectionmodifies wegwegroadweg · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of denkbeeldoponop · prepositionpreposition marking JavaJavaJavaJava · proper nounoblique complement modifying wegeenaneen · determinerdeterminer of denkbeelddenkbeeldideadenkbeeld · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of vormdevormdeformedvormen · verb, past, singularmain verb of the conditional clausenaarbynaar · prepositionpreposition marking maatstafdenthede · determiner, archaic masculine singulardeterminer of maatstafmaatstafmeasuremaatstaf · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of vormdevanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking weg; the phrase modifies maatstafdienthatdie · demonstrative determiner, archaic masculine singulardeterminer of wegwegroadweg · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of maatstafininin · prepositionpreposition marking Lebaksche'tthehet · determinerdeterminer of LebakscheLebakscheLebak countryLebaks · adjective, substantivized, neuter singularobject of in modifying wegHet Lebaksche is a substantivized regional adjective meaning the Lebak country.
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The high road proper, with its many branches, which Marshal Daendels had laid out at great cost of human life, is indeed a magnificent piece of work, and one stands amazed at the force of will of the man who, despite all the obstacles his enviers and opponents in the mother country put in his way, dared to defy the unwillingness of the population and the discontent of the chiefs in order to bring about something that to this day still rouses and deserves the admiration of every visitor.
Dethede · determinerdeterminer of heirbaaneigenlykepropereigenlijk · adjective, attributive, inflectedmodifies heirbaanheirbaanhigh roadheerbaan · noun, common gender, singularsubject of ismetwithmet · prepositionpreposition marking zytakkenzynitszijn · possessive determinerpossessive determiner of zijtakkenvelemanyveel · indefinite numeral, inflectedquantifies zijtakkenzytakkenbrancheszijtak · noun, common gender, pluralobject of metdiewhichdie · relative pronoundirect object of aanleggendethede · determinerdeterminer of maarschalkmaarschalkmarshalmaarschalk · noun, common gender, singularsubject of deedDaendelsDaendelsDaendels · proper nounin apposition to maarschalkmetatmet · prepositionpreposition marking opofferinggrootegreatgroot · adjective, attributive, inflectedmodifies opofferingopofferingsacrificeopoffering · noun, common gender, singularobject of metvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking volkvolkpeoplevolk · noun, neuter, singularcomplement of vandeedhaddoen · verb, past, singularcausative verb in relative clause on heirbaanaanleggenlaid outaanleggen · verb, infinitiveinfinitive complement of deedisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula linking heirbaan to stukinderdaadindeedinderdaad · adverbmodifies iseenaeen · determinerdeterminer of stukprachtigmagnificentprachtig · adjectivemodifies stukstukpiecestuk · noun, neuter, singularpredicative complement of iswerksof workwerk · noun, neuter, singular, genitivegenitive complement of stukenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmenonemen · pronoun, nominativesubject of staatstaatstandsstaan · verb, present, singularmain verb coordinated with isverbaasdamazedverbazen · past participle used predicativelypredicative complement of staatoveratover · prepositionpreposition marking geestkrachtdethede · determinerdeterminer of geestkrachtgeestkrachtforce of willgeestkracht · noun, common gender, singularobject of overvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking mandenthede · determiner, masculine oblique singulardeterminer of manmanmanman · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of vandiewhodie · relative pronounsubject of durfdeondanksdespiteondanks · prepositionpreposition marking bezwarenalleallal · determinerdeterminer of bezwarenbezwarenobstaclesbezwaar · noun, neuter, pluralobject of ondankswelkewhichwelk · relative pronoun, neuter pluraldirect object of legdenzynhiszijn · possessive determinerpossessive determiner of benijders and tegenstandersbenydersenviersbenijder · noun, common gender, pluralsubject of legdenenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtegenstandersopponentstegenstander · noun, pluralcoordinated with benydersininin · prepositionpreposition marking moederland'tthehet · determiner, elideddeterminer of moederlandmoederlandmother countrymoederland · noun, neuter, singularobject of inhemhimhij · personal pronoun, dative singularindirect object of legdenininin · prepositionpart of idiom in de weg leggendenthede · determiner, masculine oblique singulardeterminer of wegwegwayweg · noun, common gender, singularpart of idiom in de weg leggenlegdenputleggen · verb, past, pluralverb of relative clause on bezwarendenthede · determiner, masculine oblique singulardeterminer of onwilonwilunwillingnessonwil · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of trotsenderof thede · determiner, genitive singulardeterminer of bevolkingbevolkingpopulationbevolking · noun, common gender, singulargenitive complement of onwilenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdethede · determinerdeterminer of ontevredenheidontevredenheiddiscontentontevredenheid · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of trotsen, coordinated with onwilderof thede · determiner, genitive pluraldeterminer of hoofdenhoofdenchiefshoofd · noun, neuter, pluralgenitive complement of ontevredenheiddurfdedareddurven · verb, past, singularmain verb of relative clause on mantrotsento defytrotsen · verb, infinitiveinfinitive complement of durfdeomin order toom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces purpose clauseietssomethingiets · pronoundirect object of brengentot-standinto beingtot stand · fixed adverbial phrasepart of separable expression tot stand brengentetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive brengenbrengenbringbrengen · verb, infinitiveverb of purpose clausedatthatdat · relative pronoun, neuter singularsubject of opwekt and verdient; antecedent ietsthansnowthans · adverbmodifies opwektnogstillnog · adverbmodifies opwektdethede · determinerdeterminer of bewonderingbewonderingadmirationbewondering · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of opwekt and verdientvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking bezoekeriedereneveryieder · indefinite determiner, masculine oblique singulardeterminer of bezoekerbezoekervisitorbezoeker · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of vanopwektrousesopwekken · verb, present, singularverb of relative clause on ietsenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationverdientdeservesverdienen · verb, present, singularcoordinated with opwekt - 11
No system of post-horses in Europe — not even in England, Russia, or Hungary — can be set on a par with the one on Java.
Geennogeen · determinerdeterminer of paardenposterypaardenposterypost-horse systempaardenposterij · noun, common gender, singularsubject of kan worden gelijkgestelddanwhatsoeverdan · adverbwith ook, emphasizes geen paardenposteryookat allook · adverbwith dan, emphasizes geen paardenposteryininin · prepositionpreposition marking EuropaEuropaEuropeEuropa · proper nounobject of inzelfsevenzelfs · adverbmodifies nietnietnotniet · adverbnegates implied location phraseininin · prepositionpreposition marking EngelandEngelandEnglandEngeland · proper nounobject of inRuslandRussiaRusland · proper nouncoordinated with Engelandoforof · conjunctionlinks the coordinationHongaryeHungaryHongarije · proper nouncoordinated with Engeland and Ruslandkancankunnen · auxiliary verb, present, singularauxiliary of gesteldmetwithmet · prepositionpreposition marking diediethe onedie · demonstrative pronounobject of met; stands for paardenposterijoponop · prepositionpreposition marking JavaJavaJavaJava · proper nounobject of opwordenbeworden · auxiliary verb, infinitivepassive auxiliary of gelijkgesteldgelykequalgelijk · separable verb particleparticle of gelijkstellengesteldsetstellen · verb, past participlemain verb of split gelijkstellen construction - 12
Over high mountain ridges, along chasms that make you shudder, the heavily laden travelling-carriage flies onward at a single gallop.
Overoverover · prepositionpreposition marking bergruggenhoogehighhoog · adjective, attributive, inflectedmodifies bergruggenbergruggenmountain ridgesbergrug · noun, common gender, pluralobject of overlangsalonglangs · prepositionpreposition marking dieptendieptenchasmsdiepte · noun, common gender, pluralobject of langsdiethatdie · relative pronounsubject of doenuyouu · personal pronoun, accusativesubject of ijzen in causative constructiondoenmakedoen · verb, present, pluralverb of relative clause on dieptenyzenshudderijzen · verb, infinitiveinfinitive complement of doenvliegtfliesvliegen · verb, present, singularmain verb of the sentencedethede · determinerdeterminer of reiswagenzwaarheavilyzwaar · adverbmodifies bepaktebepakteladenbepakken · past participle, attributive, inflectedmodifies reiswagenreiswagentravelling carriagereiswagen · noun, common gender, singularsubject of vliegtinatin · prepositionpreposition marking galopééna singleéén · numeralquantifies galopgalopgallopgalop · noun, common gender, singularobject of invoortonwardvoort · separable verb particleparticle of voortvliegen - 13
The coachman sits as though nailed to the box, for hours, indeed whole days on end, and swings the heavy whip with an iron arm.
Dethede · determinerdeterminer of koetsierkoetsiercoachmankoetsier · noun, common gender, singularsubject of zitzitsitszitten · verb, present, singularmain verb of the sentencealsas thoughals · subordinating conjunctionintroduces elliptical comparison als genageldoponop · prepositioncomplement of genagelddenthede · determiner, masculine oblique singulardeterminer of bokbokboxbok · noun, common gender, singularobject of opgenageldnailednagelen · past participlepredicative complement of ziturenhoursuur · noun, neuter, pluraladverbial of duration modifying zitjaindeedja · interjectionemphasizes gansche dagenganschewholegans · adjective, attributive, inflectedmodifies dagendagendaysdag · noun, common gender, pluraladverbial of duration modifying zitachtereenon endachtereen · adverbmodifies uren and dagenenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationzwaaitswingszwaaien · verb, present, singularmain verb coordinated with zitdethede · determinerdeterminer of zweepzwareheavyzwaar · adjectivemodifies zweepzweepwhipzweep · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of zwaaitmetwithmet · prepositionpreposition marking armyzerenironijzeren · adjective, attributivemodifies armarmarmarm · noun, common gender, singularobject of met - 14
He knows exactly how to reckon where and by how much he must rein in the racing horses, so that after a headlong descent of a mountain slope, there at that bend ...
Hyhehij · personal pronoun, nominative singularsubject of weetweetknowsweten · verb, present, singularmain verb of the sentencejuistexactlyjuist · adverbmodifies berekenentetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive berekenenberekenenreckonberekenen · verb, infinitiveclausal complement of weetwaarwherewaar · interrogative adverbinterrogative complement of berekenenenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhoeveelhow muchhoeveel · interrogative adverbinterrogative complement of berekenenhyhehij · personal pronoun, nominative singularsubject of moet inhoudendethede · determinerdeterminer of paardenhollenderacinghollen · present participle, attributive, inflectedmodifies paardenpaardenhorsespaard · noun, pluraldirect object of inhoudenmoetmustmoeten · auxiliary verb, present, singularauxiliary of inhoudeninhoudenrein ininhouden · verb, infinitiveinfinitive complement of moetomso thatom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces continuation of purpose clausenaafterna · prepositionpreposition marking dalenvliegendheadlongvliegen · present participle used adverbiallymodifies dalendalendescentdalen · nominalized infinitiveobject of navanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking berghellingeenaeen · determinerdeterminer of berghellingberghellingmountain slopeberghelling · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of vangindsthereginds · adverbmodifies implied destinationaanataan · prepositionpreposition marking hoekdienthatdie · demonstrative determiner, masculine oblique singulardeterminer of hoekhoekbendhoek · noun, common gender, singularobject of aan - 15
— My God, the road is ... gone! We are driving into an abyss, cries the inexperienced traveller; there is no road ... there is the chasm!
Mynmymijn · possessive determinerpossessive determiner of GodGodGodGod · proper nounvocative in exclamationdethede · determinerdeterminer of wegwegroadweg · noun, common gender, singularsubject of isisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula linking weg to wegweggoneweg · adverbpredicative complement of isWewewij · personal pronoun, nominative pluralsubject of gaangaanare goinggaan · verb, present, pluralmain verb of the sentenceinintoin · prepositionpreposition marking afgrondeenaneen · determinerdeterminer of afgrondafgrondabyssafgrond · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of gaangiltcriesgillen · verb, present, singularreporting verbdethede · determinerdeterminer of reizigeronervareninexperiencedonervaren · adjectivemodifies reizigerreizigertravellerreiziger · noun, common gender, singularsubject of giltdaartheredaar · adverblocative complement of isisiszijn · verb, present, singularmain verb of existential clausegeennogeen · determinerdeterminer of wegwegroadweg · noun, common gender, singularsubject of isdaartheredaar · adverblocative complement of isisiszijn · verb, present, singularmain verb of locative clausedethede · determinerdeterminer of dieptedieptechasmdiepte · noun, common gender, singularsubject of is - 16
Yes, so it seems.
Jayesja · interjectionaffirms the preceding exclamationzoosozo · adverbpredicative complement of schijntschyntseemsschijnen · verb, present, singularmain verb of the sentencehetithet · personal pronoun, nominative singularsubject of schijnt - 17
The road bends, and just as one gallop-bound more would lose firm ground beneath the leaders, the horses wheel about and sling the vehicle round the corner.
Dethede · determinerdeterminer of wegwegroadweg · noun, common gender, singularsubject of kromtkromtbendskrommen · verb, present, singularmain verb of the sentencezichitselfzich · reflexive pronoun, accusativereflexive object of kromtenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjuistjustjuist · adverbmodifies als-clausealsasals · subordinating conjunctionintroduces subordinate clauseéénoneéén · numeralquantifies galopspronggalopspronggallop boundgalopsprong · noun, common gender, singularsubject of zou doen verliezenverderfartherver · adverb, comparativepostpositive modifier of galopsprongvastenfirmvast · adjective, attributive, inflectedmodifies grondgrondgroundgrond · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of verliezenzouwouldzullen · auxiliary verb, past, singularauxiliary of doendoenmakedoen · verb, infinitivecausative infinitive complement of zouverliezenloseverliezen · verb, infinitiveinfinitive complement of doenaantoaan · prepositionmarks voorspan as causee of doen verliezen'tthehet · determiner, elideddeterminer of voorspanvoorspanleadersvoorspan · noun, neuter, singularobject of aan; subject of verliezen in causative constructionwendenwheelwenden · verb, present, pluralmain verb coordinated with kromtzichthemselveszich · reflexive pronoun, accusativereflexive object of wendendethede · determinerdeterminer of paardenpaardenhorsespaard · noun, pluralsubject of wendenenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslingerenslingslingeren · verb, present, pluralmain verb coordinated with wendenhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of voertuigvoertuigvehiclevoertuig · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of slingerendenthede · determiner, masculine oblique singulardeterminer of hoekhoekcornerhoek · noun, common gender, singularobject of circumposition den hoek omomaroundom · postpositioncompletes circumposition den hoek om - 18
They fly up the mountain height that you did not see a moment before, and ... the abyss lies behind you.
ZeTheyze · personal pronoun, third person pluralsubject of vliegenvliegenflyvliegen · verb, present, third person pluralmain verb; combines with opdethede · definite article, common gender singulardeterminer of berghoogteberghoogtemountain heightberghoogte · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of postposition opopupop · postpositionforms de berghoogte op and combines with vliegendiethatdie · relative pronoun, common gender singulardirect object of zaagt; refers to berghoogtegeyouge · personal pronoun, second person singularsubject of zaagteenaeen · indefinite article, singulardeterminer of oogenblikoogenblikmomentogenblik · noun, neuter, singularadverbial measure of time modifying vroegervroegerbeforevroeg · adverb, comparativeadverbial modifier of zaagtnietnotniet · adverbnegates zaagtzaagtsawzien · verb, imperfect, second person singularverb of relative clause modifying berghoogteenanden · coordinating conjunctioncoordinates ligt with vliegendethede · definite article, common gender singulardeterminer of afgrondafgrondabyssafgrond · noun, common gender, singularsubject of ligtligtliesliggen · verb, present, third person singularmain verb coordinated with vliegenachterbehindachter · prepositionintroduces complement uuyouu · personal pronoun, second person, object formcomplement of achter - 19
On such an occasion there are moments when the carriage rests only on the wheels at the outer side of the curve you are describing: the centrifugal force has lifted the inner wheels off the ground.
Erthereer · existential adverbintroduces existential construction with zijnzynarezijn · verb, present, third person pluralmain verb of existential clausebyonbij · prepositionintroduces gelegenheidzulkesuch anzulk · demonstrative determiner, inflecteddeterminer of gelegenheidgelegenheidoccasiongelegenheid · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of bijoogenblikkenmomentsogenblik · noun, neuter, pluralsubject of zijndatwhendat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces relative clause modifying oogenblikkendethede · definite article, common gender singulardeterminer of wagenwagencarriagewagen · noun, common gender, singularsubject of rustalleenonlyalleen · adverbfocus modifier of op de raderenrustrestsrusten · verb, present, third person singularmain verb of relative clauseoponop · prepositionintroduces raderendethede · definite article, pluraldeterminer of raderenraderenwheelsrad · noun, neuter, pluralcomplement of opaanataan · prepositionintroduces buitenzydedethede · definite article, common gender singulardeterminer of buitenzydebuitenzydeouter sidebuitenzijde · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of aan; modifies raderenvanofvan · prepositionintroduces boogdenthede · definite article, masculine singular, oblique historical formdeterminer of boogboogcurveboog · noun, masculine, singularcomplement of vandienthatdie · relative pronoun, masculine singular, accusative historical formdirect object of beschryft; refers to booggeyouge · personal pronoun, second person singularsubject of beschryftbeschryftare describingbeschrijven · verb, present, second person singularverb of relative clause modifying boogdethede · definite article, common gender singulardeterminer of krachtmiddelpuntvliedendecentrifugalmiddelpuntvliedend · adjective, attributive, inflectedmodifies krachtkrachtforcekracht · noun, common gender, singularsubject of heeft gehevenheefthashebben · auxiliary verb, present, third person singularauxiliary of gehevendethede · definite article, pluraldeterminer of binnenwielenbinnenwieleninner wheelsbinnenwiel · noun, neuter, pluraldirect object of gehevenvanoffvan · prepositionintroduces grond; marks separationdenthede · definite article, masculine singular, oblique historical formdeterminer of grondgrondgroundgrond · noun, masculine, singularcomplement of vangehevenliftedheffen · verb, past participlemain participle with auxiliary heeft - 20
It takes cool blood not to shut one's eyes, and whoever travels on Java for the first time writes to his family in Europe that he has been in mortal danger. But whoever belongs there laughs at such fear.
Eriter · adverbpart of construction er ... toe behorenbehoorttakesbehoren · verb, present, third person singularmain verb; combines with toekoelbloedigheidcool bloodkoelbloedigheid · noun, common gender, singularsubject of behoorttoefortoe · prepositional adverbforms the discontinuous pronominal adverb er ... toe; complement of behoortdeone'sde · definite article, pluraldeterminer of oogenoogeneyesoog · noun, neuter, pluraldirect object of sluitennietnotniet · adverbnegates sluitentetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive sluitensluitenshutsluiten · verb, infinitiveinfinitival complement specifying what requires koelbloedigheidenanden · coordinating conjunctioncoordinates the clause of schryft with preceding clausewiewhoeverwie · free relative pronounsubject of reist; free relative clause is subject of schryftvoorforvoor · prepositionpart of idiom voor het eerst'tthehet · definite article, neuter singular, elideddeterminer in voor het eersteerstfirst timeeerst · ordinal adjective, substantivizedcomplement of voor in idiom voor het eerstoponop · prepositionintroduces JavaJavaJavaJava · proper nouncomplement of opreisttravelsreizen · verb, present, third person singularverb of free relative clause headed by wieschryftwritesschrijven · verb, present, third person singularmain verb; subject is free relative clause wie ... reistaantoaan · prepositionintroduces indirect object familiezynhiszijn · possessive determiner, third person singularpossessor of familiefamiliefamilyfamilie · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of aan; indirect object of schryftininin · prepositionintroduces EuropaEuropaEuropeEuropa · proper nouncomplement of in; modifies familiedatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces content clause of schryfthyhehij · personal pronoun, third person singularsubject of verkeerd heeftininin · prepositionintroduces levensgevaarlevensgevaarmortal dangerlevensgevaar · noun, neuter, singularcomplement of inverkeerdbeenverkeren · verb, past participlemain participle with auxiliary heeftHere verkeerd is the past participle of verkeren (‘to be/stay’), not the adjective meaning ‘wrong’.
heefthashebben · auxiliary verb, present, third person singularauxiliary of verkeerdMaarButmaar · coordinating conjunctionintroduces contrasting sentencewiewhoeverwie · free relative pronounsubject of behoort; free relative clause is subject of lachterthereer · pronominal adverblocative modifier of behoortte-huisat homethuis · adverbadverbial complement of behoortbehoortbelongsbehoren · verb, present, third person singularverb of free relative clause headed by wielachtlaughslachen · verb, present, third person singularmain verb; subject is free relative clause wie ... behoortomatom · prepositionintroduces object of lachtdienthatdie · demonstrative determiner, masculine singular, oblique historical formdeterminer of angstangstfearangst · noun, masculine, singularcomplement of om - 21
It is not my aim — least of all at the beginning of my tale — to keep the reader long occupied with the describing of places, landscapes, or buildings. I am too afraid of scaring him off with anything that might smack of long-windedness; and only later, when I feel that he has been won over to me, when I can tell from his look and bearing that the fate of the heroine who springs from a fourth-floor balcony somewhere holds his interest, then I will, with bold contempt for all the laws of gravity, let her hover between heaven and earth until I have unburdened my heart in a meticulous sketch of the beauties of the landscape, or of the building that seems set down there for the sole purpose of furnishing a pretext for a many-paged disquisition on medieval architecture.
Hetithet · pronoun, neuter singularsubject of isisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula linking Het to doelmynmymijn · possessive determinerpossessive determiner of doeldoelaimdoel · noun, neuter, singularsubject complement of isnietnotniet · adverbnegates the copular clausevooralespeciallyvooral · adverbmodifies following nietnietnotniet · adverbemphatic negation of circumstanceinatin · prepositionpreposition marking beginhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of beginbeginbeginningbegin · noun, neuter, singularoblique complement of invanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking vertellingmynmymijn · possessive determinerpossessive determiner of vertellingvertellingtalevertelling · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of vandenthede · determiner, masculine singular, archaic accusativedeterminer of lezerlezerreaderlezer · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of houdenlanglonglang · adverbmodifies bezigbezigoccupiedbezig · adjectivecomplement of houdentetote · infinitive markerinfinitive marker of houdenhoudenkeephouden · verb, infinitiveinfinitival complement of doelmetwithmet · prepositionpreposition marking beschryvenhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of beschryvenbeschryvendescribingbeschrijven · verbal noun, neuter singularcomplement of metvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking plaatsenplaatsenplacesplaats · noun, pluralcomplement of vanlandschappenlandscapeslandschap · noun, pluralcoordinated with plaatsenoforof · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgebouwenbuildingsgebouw · noun, pluralcoordinated with plaatsenIkIik · pronoun, nominativesubject of vreesvreesfearvrezen · verb, present, singularmain verb of the sentencetetoote · adverbmodifies zeerzeermuchzeer · adverbdegree complement of tehemhimhem · pronoun, accusativedirect object of afteschrikkenafteschrikkenscaring offafschrikken · verb, infinitiveinfinitival complement of vreesAfteschrikken is the older closed spelling of separable af te schrikken.
doorbydoor · prepositionpreposition introducing means or causewatanythingwat · indefinite pronounsubject of zweemenzweemensmackzwemen · verb, infinitiveinfinitive governed by zouzoumightzullen · auxiliary verb, past, singularmodal auxiliary of zweemennaarofnaar · prepositionpreposition marking langdradigheidlangdradigheidlong-windednesslangdradigheid · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of naarenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationeerstonlyeerst · adverbmodifies laterlaterlaterlaat · adverb, comparativemodifies laatalswhenals · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gevoelikIik · pronoun, nominativesubject of gevoelgevoelfeelvoelen · verb, present, singularverb of temporal clausedatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gewonnenhyhehij · pronoun, nominativesubject of gewonnen isvoortovoor · prepositionpreposition marking beneficiarymymemij · pronoun, obliquecomplement of voorgewonnenwon overwinnen · participial adjectivepredicative complement of isishas beenzijn · verb, present, singularcopula linking hy to gewonnenalswhenals · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bemerkikIik · pronoun, nominativesubject of bemerkuitfromuit · prepositionpreposition marking blikbliklookblik · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of uitenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhoudingbearinghouding · noun, common gender, singularcoordinated with blikbemerkcan tellbemerken · verb, present, singularverb of temporal clausedatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of inboezemthetthehet · determinerdeterminer of lotlotfatelot · noun, neuter, singularsubject of inboezemtvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking possessordethede · determinerdeterminer of heldinheldinheroineheldin · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of vandiewhodie · pronounsubject of springtergenssomewhereergens · adverbmodifies springtvanfromvan · prepositionpreposition marking source'tthehet · determinerdeterminer of balkonbalkonbalconybalkon · noun, neuter, singularcomplement of vaneenerof aeen · determiner, feminine singular, archaic genitivedeterminer of verdiepingEener is an archaic feminine genitive form of een.
vierdefourthvierde · ordinal adjectivemodifies verdiepingverdiepingfloorverdieping · noun, common gender, singulargenitive complement modifying balkonspringtspringsspringen · verb, present, singularrelative clause on heldinhemhimhem · pronoun, dativeindirect object of inboezemtbelanginterestbelang · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of inboezemtinboezemtinspiresinboezemen · verb, present, singularverb of content clausedanthendan · adverbmodifies laatlaatletlaten · verb, present, singularmain verb of the coordinated clauseikIik · pronoun, nominativesubject of laatmetwithmet · prepositionpreposition marking verachtingstouteboldstout · adjectivemodifies verachtingverachtingcontemptverachting · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of metvanforvan · prepositionpreposition marking object of contemptalleallal · determinerdeterminer of wettenwettenlawswet · noun, pluralcomplement of vanderof thede · determiner, feminine singular, archaic genitivedeterminer of zwaartekrachtzwaartekrachtgravityzwaartekracht · noun, common gender, singulargenitive complement modifying wettenhaarherhaar · pronoun, accusativedirect object of laatzwevenhoverzweven · verb, infinitivebare infinitive complement of laattusschenbetweentussen · prepositionpreposition marking positionhemelheavenhemel · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of tusschenenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationaardeearthaarde · noun, common gender, singularcoordinated with hemeltotuntiltot · subordinating conjunctionintroduces endpoint clauseikIik · pronoun, nominativesubject of gegevenmynmymijn · possessive determinerpossessive determiner of hartharthearthart · noun, neuter, singularindirect object in idiom lucht gevenhebhavehebben · auxiliary verb, present, singularauxiliary of gegevenluchtventlucht · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of gegevengegevengivengeven · verb, participleverb of endpoint clauseZijn hart lucht geven means to unburden oneself.
ininin · prepositionpreposition marking schetsdethede · determinerdeterminer of schetsnauwkeurigemeticulousnauwkeurig · adjectivemodifies schetsschetssketchschets · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of inderof thede · determiner, plural, archaic genitivedeterminer of schoonhedenschoonhedenbeautiesschoonheid · noun, pluralgenitive complement modifying schetsvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking landschaphetthehet · determinerdeterminer of landschaplandschaplandscapelandschap · noun, neuter, singularcomplement of vanoforof · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking gebouw'tthehet · determinerdeterminer of gebouwgebouwbuildinggebouw · noun, neuter, singularcomplement of van, coordinated with landschapdatthatdat · relative pronoun, neuter singularsubject of schyntdaartheredaar · adverbmodifies schyntergenssomewhereergens · adverbmodifies schyntschyntseemsschijnen · verb, present, singularverb of relative clausegeplaatstplacedplaatsen · verb, participlepast participle complement of schynttetote · infinitive markerinfinitive marker of zynzynbezijn · auxiliary verb, infinitivepassive auxiliary of geplaatstomin order toom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces purpose clauseeenaeen · determinerdeterminer of voorwendselvoorwendselpretextvoorwendsel · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of doenaantoaan · prepositionpart of idiom aan de hand doendethede · determinerdeterminer of handhandhandhand · noun, common gender, singularpart of idiom aan de hand doentetote · infinitive markerinfinitive marker of doendoenfurnishdoen · verb, infinitiveinfinitive in purpose clauseAan de hand doen means to furnish or provide.
totfortot · prepositionpreposition marking intended resulteenaeen · determinerdeterminer of vertoogveelbladzydigmany-pagedveelbladzijdig · adjectivemodifies vertoogvertoogdisquisitionvertoog · noun, neuter, singularcomplement of totoveronover · prepositionpreposition marking architektuurmiddeleeuwschemedievalmiddeleeuws · adjectivemodifies architektuurarchitektuurarchitecturearchitectuur · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of over - 22
All those castles resemble one another.
Alallal · quantifying determinermodifies kasteelendiethosedie · determinerdeterminer of kasteelenkasteelencastleskasteel · noun, pluralsubject of gelykengelykenresemblegelijken · verb, present, pluralmain verb of the sentenceoptoop · prepositionpart of fixed verb gelijken opelkaarone anotherelkaar · reciprocal pronouncomplement of op - 23
Invariably they are of heterogeneous construction. The corps de logis always dates from a good few reigns earlier than the additions that some later king or other has tacked on to it.
Onveranderlykinvariablyonveranderlijk · adverbmodifies zynzynarezijn · verb, present, pluralcopula linking ze to bouwordezetheyzij · pronoun, nominative pluralsubject of zynvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking bouwordeheterogeeneheterogeneousheterogeen · adjectivemodifies bouwordebouwordeconstructionbouworde · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of vanHetthehet · determinerdeterminer of corpscorpsmain buildingcorps · noun, neuter, singularhead of compound subject corps de logisdeofde · foreign prepositionpart of French phrase corps de logislogislodginglogis · foreign nounpart of French phrase corps de logisCorps de logis is French for the main residential block of a building.
dagteekentdatesdagtekenen · verb, present, singularmain verb of the sentencealtydalwaysaltijd · adverbmodifies dagteekentvanfromvan · prepositionpreposition marking regeeringeneenigeseveralenig · adjectivemodifies regeeringenregeeringenreignsregering · noun, pluralcomplement of vanvroegerearliervroeg · adverb, comparativecomparative complement of dagteekentdanthandan · comparative conjunctionintroduces comparison with aanhechtselsdethede · determinerdeterminer of aanhechtselsaanhechtselsadditionsaanhechtsel · noun, pluralstandard of comparison after dandiewhichdie · relative pronoun, pluralsubject of zyn gevoegdonderunderonder · prepositionpreposition marking time or reigndezenthisdeze · demonstrative determiner, masculine singular, archaic obliquefirst part of dezen of genenoforof · conjunctionlinks dezen and genengenenthatgene · demonstrative determiner, masculine singular, archaic obliquesecond part of dezen of genenlaterenlaterlaat · adjective, comparative, inflectedmodifies koningkoningkingkoning · noun, common gender, singulartemporal complement of onderdaarbyonto itdaarbij · pronominal adverbprepositional complement of gevoegdzynhave beenzijn · auxiliary verb, present, pluralpassive auxiliary of gevoegdgevoegdaddedvoegen · verb, participlepast participle in relative clause - 24
The towers are in a state of decay ... Worthy reader, there are no towers.
Dethede · determinerdeterminer of torenstorenstowerstoren · noun, pluralsubject of zynzynarezijn · verb, present, pluralcopula linking to staatininin · prepositionpreposition marking statevervallendecayedvervallen · adjectivemodifies staatstaatconditionstaat · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of inWaardeworthywaard · adjective, inflectedmodifies vocative lezerlezerreaderlezer · noun, common gender, singularvocativeerthereer · existential adverbexpletive of zynzynarezijn · verb, present, pluralmain verb of the sentencegeennogeen · determinerdeterminer of torenstorenstowerstoren · noun, plurallogical subject of existential zyn - 25
A tower is a notion, a dream, an ideal, a fabrication, an intolerable piece of bragging!
Eenaeen · determinerdeterminer of torentorentowertoren · noun, common gender, singularsubject of isisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula linking to denkbeeldeenaeen · determinerdeterminer of denkbeelddenkbeeldnotiondenkbeeld · noun, neuter, singularsubject complement of iseenaeen · determinerdeterminer of droomdroomdreamdroom · noun, common gender, singularcoordinated with denkbeeldeenaneen · determinerdeterminer of ideaalideaalidealideaal · noun, neuter, singularcoordinated with denkbeeldeenaeen · determinerdeterminer of verzinselverzinselfabricationverzinsel · noun, neuter, singularcoordinated with denkbeeldonverdragelykeintolerableonverdraaglijk · adjectivemodifies grootspraakgrootspraakbragginggrootspraak · noun, common gender, singularsubject complement coordinated with denkbeeld - 26
There are half-towers, and ... little turrets.
Erthereer · existential adverbexpletive of zynzynarezijn · verb, present, pluralmain verb of the sentencehalvehalfhalf · adjectivemodifies torenstorenstowerstoren · noun, plurallogical subject of existential zynenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtorentjeslittle turretstoren · diminutive noun, pluralcoordinated with torens - 27
The zeal that thought it had to set towers upon the buildings raised in honour of some saint or other did not last long enough to bring them to completion, and the spire that is to point the faithful toward heaven usually rests, a few stages too low, on the massive base — which puts one in mind of the man without thighs at the fair.
Dethede · determinerdeterminer of geestdryverygeestdryveryreligious zealgeestdrijverij · noun, common gender, singularsubject of duurdeHistorical spelling of geestdrijverij, here meaning excessive religious zeal.
diethatdie · relative pronounsubject of meendetorenstowerstoren · noun, pluraldirect object of zettenmeendethoughtmenen · verb, past, singularverb of the relative clause on geestdryverytetote · infinitive markermarks the infinitive moetenmoetenhad tomoeten · modal verb, infinitivemodal auxiliary of zettenzettensetzetten · verb, infinitiveinfinitive governed by meende te moetenopuponop · prepositionpreposition marking gebouwendethede · determinerdeterminer of gebouwengebouwenbuildingsgebouw · noun, neuter, pluralobject of opdiethatdie · relative pronounsubject of werden opgerichtopgerichtraisedoprichten · past participlelexical verb in the passive werden opgerichtwerdenwereworden · auxiliary verb, past, pluralpassive auxiliary of opgerichtter-eerein honourter ere · fixed prepositional phrasepurpose adjunct of opgerichtHistorical hyphenation of ter ere, ‘in honour’.
vanofvan · prepositionintroduces the complement of ter-eeredezensomedeze · demonstrative pronoun, dative singularfirst term of dezen of genenoforof · coordinating conjunctionlinks dezen and genengenenothergene · demonstrative pronoun, dative singularsecond term of dezen of genenThe idiom dezen of genen means ‘some person or other’.
heiligesaintheilige · noun, common gender, singularobject of van, specified by dezen of genenduurdelastedduren · verb, past, singularmain verb of the sentencenietnotniet · adverbmodifies duurdelanglonglang · adverbmodifies duurdegenoegenoughgenoeg · adverbdegree complement of langomtoom · subordinating particleintroduces the infinitive purpose clausezethemze · personal pronoun, accusative pluraldirect object of voleindentetote · infinitive markermarks the infinitive voleindenvoleindencompletevoleinden · verb, infinitivehead of the purpose clause modifying duurdeenanden · coordinating conjunctionlinks the clauses headed by duurde and rustdethede · determinerdeterminer of spitsspitsspirespits · noun, common gender, singularsubject of rustdiethatdie · relative pronounsubject of moet wyzendethede · determinerdeterminer of geloovigengeloovigenfaithfulgelovige · noun, common gender, pluraldirect object of wyzennaartowardnaar · prepositionintroduces the directional complement of wyzendenthede · determiner, masculine oblique singulardeterminer of hemelhemelheavenhemel · noun, common gender, singularobject of naarmoetis tomoeten · modal verb, present, singularauxiliary of wyzenwyzenpointwijzen · verb, infinitiveinfinitive governed by moetWyzen is the nineteenth-century spelling of wijzen.
rustrestsrusten · verb, present, singularmain verb of the coordinated clausegewoonlykusuallygewoonlijk · adverbmodifies rusteenaeen · determinerdeterminer of paarpaarfewpaar · quantifying noun, singularquantifies omgangenomgangenstagesomgang · noun, common gender, pluralmeasure complement of laagtetoote · adverbmodifies laaglaaglowlaag · adverbpredicative locative complement of rustoponop · prepositionintroduces the locative complement of rustdethede · determinerdeterminer of bazismassievemassivemassief · adjectivemodifies bazisbazisbasebasis · noun, common gender, singularobject of opBazis is an obsolete spelling of basis.
tgeenwhichhetgeen · relative pronounsubject of doet’tgeen is a contraction of hetgeen.
denkenthinkdenken · verb, infinitivecausative complement of doetdoetmakesdoen · verb, present, singularverb of the relative clause referring to the preceding situationaanofaan · prepositionintroduces the complement of denkendenthede · determiner, masculine oblique singulardeterminer of manmanmanman · noun, common gender, singularobject of aanzonderwithoutzonder · prepositionpreposition marking dyendyenthighsdij · noun, common gender, pluralobject of zonderDyen is the nineteenth-century spelling of dijen.
opatop · prepositionpreposition marking kermisdethede · determinerdeterminer of kermiskermisfairkermis · noun, common gender, singularobject of op - 28
Only little turrets, small needles on village churches, are ever finished.
Alleenonlyalleen · adverbfocus modifier of torentjestorentjeslittle turretstorentje · noun, pluralsubject of passive afgewerktkleinesmallklein · adjectivemodifies naaldjesnaaldjesneedlesnaaldje · noun, neuter, pluralapposition to torentjesoponop · prepositionintroduces a modifier of naaldjesdorpskerkenvillage churchesdorpskerk · noun, common gender, pluralobject of opzynarezijn · auxiliary verb, present, pluralpassive auxiliary of afgewerktafgewerktfinishedafwerken · past participlelexical verb of the passive predicate - 29
It is truly no compliment to Western civilization that the notion of bringing some great work to completion has so seldom been able to hold its ground long enough to see that work carried through.
Hetithet · pronounexpletive with vleiendisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula linking Het to vleiendwaarlyktrulywaarlijk · adverbmodifies vleiendWaarlyk is the nineteenth-century spelling of waarlijk.
nietnotniet · adverbmodifies vleiendvleiendflatteringvleiend · adjectivepredicative complement of isvoortovoor · prepositionpreposition marking beschavingdethede · determinerdeterminer of beschavingwesterscheWesternwesters · adjective, attributivemodifies beschavingWestersche is an older inflected spelling of westerse.
beschavingcivilizationbeschaving · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of vleienddatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the extraposed subject clause of is vleiendzeldenseldomzelden · adverbmodifies heeft kunnen staande houdenhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of denkbeelddenkbeeldnotiondenkbeeld · noun, neuter, singularsubject of heeft kunnen staande houdenomofom · subordinating particleintroduces the infinitive clause modifying denkbeeldeenaeen · determinerdeterminer of werkgrootgreatgroot · adjectivemodifies werkwerkworkwerk · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of brengentot-standto completiontot stand · fixed adverbial phraseresult complement of brengentetote · infinitive markermarks the infinitive brengenbrengenbringbrengen · verb, infinitivehead of the clause modifying denkbeeldzichitselfzich · reflexive pronoun, accusativereflexive object of staande houdenlanglonglang · adverbmodifies staande houdengenoegenoughgenoeg · adverbmodifies langheefthashebben · auxiliary verb, present, singularperfect auxiliary governing kunnen staande houdenkunnenbeen able tokunnen · modal verb, infinitivemodal auxiliary of staande houdenstaandeuprightstaande · predicative adjectivepredicative element of staande houdenZich staande houden is an idiom meaning ‘to hold one’s ground’.
houdenholdhouden · verb, infinitivemain infinitive governed by heeft kunnenomtoom · subordinating particleintroduces the result infinitive clausedatthatdat · determinerdeterminer of werkwerkworkwerk · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of zien and understood object of voleindvoleindcompletedvoleinden · past participleobject complement of werk under zientetote · infinitive markermarks the infinitive zienzienseezien · verb, infinitivehead of the result clause modifying staande houden - 30
I am not speaking now of undertakings whose completion was necessary to cover the costs. Whoever wishes to know exactly what I mean should go and look at the Cathedral of Cologne.
IkIik · pronoun, nominativesubject of spreekspreekspeakspreken · verb, present, singularmain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies spreeknietnotniet · adverbmodifies spreekvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking ondernemingenondernemingenundertakingsonderneming · noun, pluraloblique complement of spreekwelkerwhosewelk · relative possessive determiner, genitive pluralpossessive determiner of afwerkingWelker is an archaic genitive relative form meaning ‘whose’.
afwerkingcompletionafwerking · noun, common gender, singularsubject of wasnoodignecessarynodig · adjectivepredicative complement of waswaswaszijn · copular verb, past, singularcopula linking to noodigomtoom · subordinating particleintroduces the infinitive purpose clausedethede · determinerdeterminer of kostenkostencostskost · noun, pluraldirect object of dekkentetote · infinitive markermarks the infinitive dekkendekkencoverdekken · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on noodigWiewhoeverwie · free relative pronounsubject of wil and gajuistexactlyjuist · adverbmodifies wetenwetenknowweten · verb, infinitiveinfinitive complement of wilwilwisheswillen · verb, present, singularverb of the free relative clause headed by Wiewatwhatwat · pronoundirect object of bedoelikIik · pronoun, nominativesubject of bedoelbedoelmeanbedoelen · verb, present, singularverb of the embedded question wat ik bedoelgashould gogaan · verb, present subjunctive, singularmain verb of the second sentenceGa is a formal subjunctive here, expressing ‘should go’.
denthede · determiner, masculine oblique singulardeterminer of DomDomCathedralDom · proper noundirect object of zienteatte · prepositionintroduces the place name modifying DomKeulenCologneKeulen · proper nounobject of te; identifies the location of the Domzienseezien · verb, infinitivecomplement of ga - 31
Let him give himself an account of the grand conception of that building, in the soul of its architect Gerhard von Riehl ... of the faith in the hearts of the people that put him in a position to begin that work and carry it on ... of the influence of the ideas that needed so colossal a thing to serve as a visible representation of the unseen religious feeling ... and let him compare this exaltation with the temper that, some centuries later, gave birth to the moment at which the work was abandoned. There lies a deep gulf between Erwin von Steinbach and our architects!
Hyhehij · pronoun, nominative, third person singularsubject of gevegevelet him givegeven · verb, present subjunctive, third person singularmain verb, coordinated with vergelykeThe present subjunctive is used jussively here: “let him give.”
zichhimselfzich · pronoun, accusative, reflexivereflexive object of geverekenschapan accountrekenschap · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of geveZich rekenschap geven van means “to give oneself an account of” or “to consider.”
vanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking opvattingdethede · determinerdeterminer of opvattinggrootschegrandgroots · adjective, inflectedmodifies opvattingopvattingconceptionopvatting · noun, common gender, singularobject of vanvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking gebouwdatthatdat · determinerdeterminer of gebouwgebouwbuildinggebouw · noun, neuter, singularobject of van; modifies opvattingininin · prepositionpreposition marking zieldethede · determinerdeterminer of zielzielsoulziel · noun, common gender, singularobject of in; modifies opvattingdesof thede · determiner, genitive singulardeterminer of bouwmeestersbouwmeestersarchitectbouwmeester · noun, masculine singular, genitivepossessive modifier of zielGerhardGerhardGerhard · proper nounin apposition to bouwmeestersvonvonvon · proper-name particlepart of the name GerhardRiehlRiehlRiehl · proper nounpart of the name Gerhardvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking geloof'tthehet · determinerdeterminer of geloofgelooffaithgeloof · noun, neuter, singularobject of van; coordinated with opvattingininin · prepositionpreposition marking hartendethede · determinerdeterminer of hartenhartenheartshart · noun, neuter pluralobject of in; modifies geloofdesof thede · determiner, genitive singulardeterminer of volksvolkspeoplevolk · noun, neuter singular, genitivepossessive modifier of hartendatthatdat · relative pronoun, neuter singularsubject of stelde; refers to geloofhemhimhij · pronoun, accusative, third person singulardirect object of steldein-staatin a positionin staat · adjectival phrasepredicative complement of steldeThe modern spelling is the two-word phrase in staat.
steldeputstellen · verb, past, third person singularverb of relative clause modifying geloofdatthatdat · determinerdeterminer of werkwerkworkwerk · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of aantevangen and voorttezettenaantevangento beginaanvangen · verb, infinitive with teinfinitive complement of steldeenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvoorttezettencarry it onvoortzetten · verb, infinitive with tecoordinated with aantevangenVoorttezetten is the historical written-together spelling of voort te zetten.
vanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking invloeddenthede · determiner, masculine singulardeterminer of invloedinvloedinfluenceinvloed · noun, common gender, singularobject of van; coordinated with opvatting and geloofderof thede · determiner, genitive pluraldeterminer of denkbeeldendenkbeeldenideasdenkbeeld · noun, pluralpossessive modifier of invloeddiethatdie · relative pronoun, pluralsubject of hadden; refers to denkbeeldenzùlksuchzulk · demonstrative adjective, uninflectedmodifies koloseenaeen · determinerdeterminer of koloskoloscolossuskolos · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of haddennoodignecessarynodig · adjective, predicativepredicative complement of haddenhaddenhadhebben · verb, past, third person pluralverb of relative clause modifying denkbeeldenomin orderom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces purpose infinitive dienenalsasals · subordinating conjunctionintroduces predicative complement voorstellingzichtbarevisiblezichtbaar · adjectivemodifies voorstellingvoorstellingrepresentationvoorstelling · noun, common gender, singularpredicative complement of dienentetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive dienendienenservedienen · verb, infinitivepurpose infinitive dependent on haddenvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking gevoelhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of gevoelongezienunseenongezien · adjectivemodifies gevoelgodsdienstigreligiousgodsdienstig · adjectivemodifies gevoelgevoelfeelinggevoel · noun, neuter, singularobject of van; modifies voorstellingenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhyhehij · pronoun, nominative, third person singularsubject of vergelykevergelykelet him comparevergelijken · verb, present subjunctive, third person singularmain verb coordinated with geveThe present subjunctive is used jussively here: “let him compare.”
dezethisdeze · determinerdeterminer of overspanningoverspanningexaltationoverspanning · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of vergelykemetwithmet · prepositionpreposition marking richtingdethede · determinerdeterminer of richtingrichtingtemperrichting · noun, common gender, singularobject of metdiethatdie · relative pronoun, common gender singularsubject of deed; refers to richtingeenigesomeenige · adjective, inflectedmodifies eeuweneeuwencenturieseeuw · noun, pluralmeasure phrase modifying laterlaterlaterlaat · adverb, comparativemodifies deedhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of oogenblikoogenblikmomentogenblik · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of deeddeedcauseddoen · verb, past, third person singularverb of relative clause modifying richtinggeborenborngeboren · past participlecomplement of causative deedwordento beworden · auxiliary verb, infinitiveinfinitive auxiliary with geborenwaaropat whichwaarop · relative adverbtime adjunct of staakte; refers to oogenblikmenonemen · pronoun, nominativesubject of staakte'tthehet · determinerdeterminer of werkwerkworkwerk · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of staaktestaakteabandonedstaken · verb, past, third person singularverb of relative clause introduced by waaropErthereer · expletive adverbexpletive with ligtligtliesliggen · verb, present, singularmain verb of the sentenceeenaeen · determinerdeterminer of kloofdiepedeepdiep · adjectivemodifies kloofkloofgulfkloof · noun, common gender, singularsubject of ligttusschenbetweentussen · prepositionpreposition marking Erwin and bouwmeestersErwinErwinErwin · proper nounfirst object of tusschenvanvanvan · proper-name particlepart of the name Erwin van SteinbachSteinbachSteinbachSteinbach · proper nounpart of the name Erwinenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationonzeourons · possessive determiner, first person pluraldeterminer of bouwmeestersbouwmeestersarchitectsbouwmeester · noun, pluralsecond object of tusschen; coordinated with Erwin - 32
I know that for years now men have been at work bridging this gulf. At Cologne too they are building at the Cathedral once more.
IkIik · pronoun, nominativesubject of weetweetknowweten · verb, present, singularmain verb of the sentencedatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces object clause of weetmenonemen · pronoun, nominativesubject of is and dempensedertforsedert · prepositionpreposition marking jarenjarenyearsjaar · noun, pluralobject of sedert; duration adjunctbezigat workbezig · adjective, predicativepredicative complement of isisiszijn · verb, present, third person singularcopula linking men to bezigdezethisdeze · determinerdeterminer of kloofkloofgulfkloof · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of dempentetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive dempendempenbridgedempen · verb, infinitiveclausal complement of bezigOokalsoook · adverbmodifies the locative phrase te Keulenteatte · prepositionpreposition marking KeulenKeulenCologneKeulen · proper nounobject of te; locative adjunct of bouwtbouwtis buildingbouwen · verb, present, singularmain verb of the sentencemenonemen · pronoun, nominativesubject of bouwtwederagainweder · adverbmodifies bouwtaanonaan · prepositionpreposition introducing complement of bouwtdenthede · determiner, masculine singulardeterminer of DomDomCathedraldom · noun, masculine singularobject of aan - 33
But will the broken thread be joined again? Will we find once more, in our own days, what then made up the strength of churchman and master-builder?
Maarbutmaar · conjunctioncoordinates this question with the preceding sentencezalwillzullen · auxiliary verb, present, singularauxiliary of aanhechtenmenonemen · pronoun, nominativesubject of aanhechtendenthede · determiner, masculine singulardeterminer of draadafgebrokenbrokenafbreken · past participle used adjectivallymodifies draaddraadthreaddraad · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of aanhechtenweeragainweer · adverbmodifies aanhechtenkunnenbe ablekunnen · auxiliary verb, infinitiveauxiliary of aanhechtenaanhechtenattachaanhechten · verb, infinitivelexical infinitive governed by zal and kunnenZalwillzullen · auxiliary verb, present, singularauxiliary of terugvindenmenonemen · pronoun, nominativesubject of terugvindenterugvindenfind againterugvinden · verb, infinitivelexical infinitive governed by zalininin · prepositionpreposition marking dagenonzeourons · possessive determiner, first person pluraldeterminer of dagendagendaysdag · noun, pluraltemporal adjunct of terugvindenwatwhatwat · fused relative pronounsubject of uitmaakte; its clause is object of terugvindentoenthentoen · adverbmodifies uitmaaktedethede · determinerdeterminer of krachtkrachtstrengthkracht · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of uitmaakteuitmaaktemade upuitmaken · verb, past, third person singularverb of relative clause headed by watvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking kerkvoogdkerkvoogdchurchmankerkvoogd · noun, common gender, singularfirst object of van; modifies krachtenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbouwheermaster-builderbouwheer · noun, common gender, singularsecond object of van; coordinated with kerkvoogd - 34
I do not believe it. Money will surely be forthcoming, and for that, stone and lime are to be bought.
IkIik · pronoun, nominativesubject of geloofgeloofbelievegeloven · verb, present, singularmain verb of the sentencehetithet · pronoundirect object of geloofnietnotniet · adverbmodifies geloofGeldmoneygeld · noun, neuter, singularsubject of zal zijnzalwillzullen · auxiliary verb, present, singularauxiliary governing zijnwelsurelywel · adverbmodifies bekomentetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive bekomenbekomenobtainbekomen · verb, infinitivepredicative infinitive with zijnzynbezijn · verb, infinitiveinfinitive governed by zalenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhiervoorfor thishiervoor · adverbmodifies te-koopisiszijn · verb, present, third person singularcopula linking steen en kalk to te-koopsteenstonesteen · noun, common gender, singularfirst part of compound subject of isenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkalklimekalk · noun, common gender singularsecond part of compound subject of iste-koopfor salete koop · adjectival phrase, predicativepredicative complement of isThe modern spelling is the two-word phrase te koop.
- 35
One can pay the artist who draws up a plan, and the mason who lays the stones. But not to be had for money is that strayed, yet still venerable, feeling which saw in a building-design a poem — a poem of granite that spoke aloud to the people, a poem in marble that stood there like an unmoving, ever-enduring, eternal prayer.
Menonemen · pronoun, nominativesubject of betalenkancankunnen · auxiliary verb, present, singularauxiliary of betalendenthede · determiner, masculine singulardeterminer of kunstenaarkunstenaarartistkunstenaar · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of betalenbetalenpaybetalen · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentencediewhodie · relative pronoun, common gender singularsubject of ontwerpt; refers to kunstenaareenaeen · determinerdeterminer of planplanplanplan · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of ontwerptontwerptdraws upontwerpen · verb, present, third person singularverb of relative clause modifying kunstenaarenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenthede · determiner, masculine singulardeterminer of metselaarmetselaarmasonmetselaar · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of betalen; coordinated with kunstenaardiewhodie · relative pronoun, common gender singularsubject of legt; refers to metselaardethede · determinerdeterminer of steenensteenenstonessteen · noun, common gender pluraldirect object of legtlegtlaysleggen · verb, present, third person singularverb of relative clause modifying metselaarMaarbutmaar · conjunctioncoordinates this sentence with the preceding sentencenietnotniet · adverbnegates te-koopvoorforvoor · prepositionpreposition marking geldgeldmoneygeld · noun, neuter, singularoblique complement of te-koopte-koopfor salete koop · adjectival phrase, predicativepredicative complement of isisiszijn · verb, present, third person singularcopula linking gevoel to te-koop'tthehet · determinerdeterminer of gevoelverdwaaldstrayedverdwalen · past participle used adjectivallymodifies gevoelenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtochyettoch · adverbmodifies eerbiedwaardigeerbiedwaardigvenerableeerbiedwaardig · adjectivemodifies gevoelgevoelfeelinggevoel · noun, neuter, singularsubject of isdatthatdat · relative pronoun, neuter singularsubject of zag; refers to gevoelininin · prepositionpreposition marking bouwontwerpeenaeen · determinerdeterminer of bouwontwerpbouwontwerpbuilding-designbouwontwerp · noun, neuter, singularoblique complement of zageenaeen · determinerdeterminer of dichtstukdichtstukpoemdichtstuk · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of zagzagsawzien · verb, past, third person singularverb of relative clause modifying gevoeleenaeen · determinerdeterminer of dichtstukdichtstukpoemdichtstuk · noun, neuter, singularin apposition to dichtstuk in the preceding clausevanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking granietgranietgranitegraniet · noun, neuter singularobject of van; modifies dichtstukdatthatdat · relative pronoun, neuter singularsubject of sprak; refers to dichtstukluidaloudluid · adverbmodifies spraksprakspokespreken · verb, past, third person singularverb of relative clause modifying dichtstuktottotot · prepositionpreposition marking volkhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of volkvolkpeoplevolk · noun, neuter, singularoblique complement of sprakeenaeen · determinerdeterminer of dichtstukdichtstukpoemdichtstuk · noun, neuter, singularin apposition to the earlier dichtstukininin · prepositionpreposition marking marmermarmermarblemarmer · noun, neuter singularobject of in; modifies dichtstukdatthatdat · relative pronoun, neuter singularsubject of stond; refers to dichtstukdáártheredaar · adverblocative adjunct of stondstondstoodstaan · verb, past, third person singularverb of relative clause modifying dichtstukalslikeals · subordinating conjunctionintroduces comparison with gebedeenaneen · determinerdeterminer of gebedonbewegelykunmovingonbeweeglijk · adjectivemodifies gebedvoortdurendever-enduringvoortdurend · adjectivemodifies gebedeeuwigeternaleeuwig · adjectivemodifies gebedgebedprayergebed · noun, neuter, singularcomplement of als - 36
On the border between Lebak and Pandeglang, then, there was an unusual stir one certain morning.
OpOnop · prepositionpreposition marking grensdethede · determiner, definite, common gender singulardeterminer of grensgrensbordergrens · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of Optusschenbetweentussen · prepositionintroduces phrase modifying grensLebakLebakLebak · proper noun, singularfirst complement of tusschenenanden · coordinating conjunctionlinks Lebak and PandeglangPandeglangPandeglangPandeglang · proper noun, singularcoordinated complement of tusschendanthendan · adverbdiscourse adverb modifying the clausewasthere waszijn · verb, past, singularmain existential verboponop · prepositionintroduces time adjunct of waszekerena certainzeker · adjective, inflectedmodifies morgenmorgenmorningmorgen · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of opeenaneen · determiner, indefinitedeterminer of bewegingongewoneunusualongewoon · adjective, inflectedmodifies bewegingbewegingstirbeweging · noun, common gender, singularsubject of existential was - 37
Hundreds of saddled horses covered the road, and at least a thousand people — which was a great many for that spot — moved to and fro in busy waiting.
HonderdenHundreds ofhonderd · numeral, plural substantivizedquantifies paardengezadeldesaddledzadelen · past participle used adjectivally, inflectedmodifies paardenpaardenhorsespaard · noun, neuter, pluralsubject of bedektenbedektencoveredbedekken · verb, past, pluralmain verb of first clausedenthede · determiner, definite, masculine accusative singulardeterminer of wegwegroadweg · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of bedektenenanden · coordinating conjunctionlinks the two main clausesduizenda thousandduizend · numeralquantifies menschenmenschenpeoplemens · noun, common gender, pluralsubject of liepenvooratvoor · prepositionpart of fixed phrase voor 't minst'tthehet · determiner, definite, neuter singular, contractedpart of fixed phrase voor 't minstminstleastweinig · superlative adjective, substantivizedpart of fixed phrase voor 't minstVoor 't minst is the older form of ten minste, ‘at least.’
watwhichwat · relative pronounsubject of wasveela great manyveel · indefinite numeral, predicativepredicative complement of waswaswaszijn · verb, past, singularcopula linking wat to veelvoorforvoor · prepositionintroduces complement of veeldiethatdie · demonstrative determiner, common gender singulardeterminer of plekplekspotplek · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of voorliepenmovedlopen · verb, past, pluralmain verb of second clauseininin · prepositionintroduces manner adjunct of liepenbedryvigbusybedrijvig · adjective, uninflectedmodifies nominal infinitive wachtenOld spelling of modern bedrijvig.
wachtenwaitingwachten · infinitive used as a neuter verbal nounoblique complement of inheen-en-weerto and froheen-en-weer · adverbdirectional adjunct of liepen - 38
Here one saw the chiefs of the villages, and the district chiefs from the Lebak country, each with his retinue; and to judge by the handsome half-Arab horse that, in its rich harness, was champing at the silver watering-bit, a chief of higher rank too was present in this place.
HierHerehier · adverbplace adjunct of zagzagsawzien · verb, past, singularmain verb of first clausemenonemen · indefinite pronoun, nominativesubject of zagdethede · determiner, definite, pluraldeterminer of hoofdenhoofdenchiefshoofd · noun, neuter, pluraldirect object of zagderof thede · determiner, definite, genitive pluraldeterminer of dorpendorpenvillagesdorp · noun, neuter, pluralgenitive modifier of hoofdenenanden · coordinating conjunctionlinks hoofden and distriktshoofdendethede · determiner, definite, pluraldeterminer of distriktshoofdendistriktshoofdendistrict chiefsdistrictshoofd · noun, neuter, pluralcoordinated direct object of zagHistorical spelling of modern districtshoofden.
uitfromuit · prepositionintroduces modifier of distriktshoofdenhetthehet · determiner, definite, neuter singulardeterminer of nominalized LebakscheLebakscheLebak countryLebaks · adjective, nominalized, inflectedoblique complement of uitHet Lebaksche means the Lebak region or country.
allenallal · pronoun, pluralsupplement referring to both groups of chiefsmetwithmet · prepositionintroduces supplement to allenhuntheirhun · possessive determiner, pluralpossessor of gevolggevolgretinuegevolg · noun, neuter, singularoblique complement of metenanden · coordinating conjunctionlinks the two main clausestetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive oordeelenoordeelenjudgeoordelen · verb, infinitiveinfinitive in parenthetical te oordeelen naarOld spelling of modern oordelen.
naarbynaar · prepositionintroduces evidence for oordeelendenthede · determiner, definite, masculine singulardeterminer of bastert-arabierschoonenhandsomeschoon · adjective, inflectedmodifies bastert-arabierbastert-arabierhalf-Arab horsebastaard-Arabier · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of naarBastert is an older spelling of bastaard; here the compound denotes a partly Arabian horse.
diethatdie · relative pronoun, common gender singularsubject of knabbeldeininin · prepositionintroduces manner adjunct of knabbeldezynitszijn · possessive determiner, third-person singularpossessor of tuigrykrichrijk · adjective, uninflectedmodifies tuigOld spelling of modern rijk.
tuigharnesstuig · noun, neuter, singularoblique complement of inopatop · prepositionintroduces complement of knabbeldedenthede · determiner, definite, masculine singulardeterminer of watertrenszilverensilverzilveren · adjective, uninflectedmodifies watertrenswatertrenswatering-bitwatertrens · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of opA watertrens is a horse's bit used without a curb.
knabbeldewas champingknabbelen · verb, past, singularverb of relative clause modifying bastert-arabierwaswaszijn · verb, past, singularcopula linking hoofd to aanwezigooktooook · adverbfocus adverb modifying hoofdeenaeen · determiner, indefinitedeterminer of hoofdhoofdchiefhoofd · noun, neuter, singularsubject of wasvanofvan · prepositionintroduces modifier of hoofdhoogerenhigherhoog · adjective, comparative, inflectedmodifies rangrangrankrang · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of vanopinop · prepositionintroduces place adjunct of aanwezigdezethisdeze · demonstrative determiner, common gender singulardeterminer of plaatsplaatsplaceplaats · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of opaanwezigpresentaanwezig · adjective, predicativepredicative complement of was - 39
And so indeed it was.
Dititdit · demonstrative pronoun, neuter singularsubject of waswaswaszijn · verb, past, singularcopula in fixed expression het geval zijndansodan · adverbpart of discourse phrase dan ookookindeedook · adverbpart of discourse phrase dan ookhetthehet · determiner, definite, neuter singulardeterminer of gevalgevalcasegeval · noun, neuter, singularpredicative complement of wasHet geval zijn is an idiom meaning ‘to be so’ or ‘to be the case.’
- 40
The Regent of Lebak, Radhen Adhipatti Karta Natta Negara, had left Rangkas-Betoeng with a great retinue, and despite his advanced age had covered the twelve or fourteen miles that separate his dwelling-place from the borders of the neighbouring district of Pandeglang.
DeThede · determiner, definite, common gender singulardeterminer of RegentRegentRegentregent · noun, common gender, singularsubject of had verlaten and had afgelegdvanofvan · prepositionintroduces modifier of RegentLebakLebakLebak · proper noun, singularoblique complement of vanRadhenRadhenRadhen · proper nounfirst element of name in apposition to RegentAdhipattiAdhipattiAdhipatti · proper nounpart of name in apposition to RegentKartaKartaKarta · proper nounpart of name in apposition to RegentNattaNattaNatta · proper nounpart of name in apposition to RegentNegaraNegaraNegara · proper nounpart of name in apposition to Regenthadhadhebben · auxiliary verb, past, singularauxiliary of verlaten and afgelegdmetwithmet · prepositionintroduces accompaniment adjunct of verlatengroota greatgroot · adjective, uninflectedmodifies gevolggevolgretinuegevolg · noun, neuter, singularoblique complement of metRangkas-BetoengRangkas-BetoengRangkas-Betoeng · proper noun, singulardirect object of verlatenverlatenleftverlaten · verb, past participlefirst main participle governed by hadenanden · coordinating conjunctionlinks verlaten and afgelegdondanksdespiteondanks · prepositionintroduces concessive adjunct of afgelegdzijnhiszijn · possessive determiner, third-person singularpossessor of ouderdomhoogenadvancedhoog · adjective, inflectedmodifies ouderdomouderdomageouderdom · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of ondanksdethede · determiner, definite, pluraldeterminer of palentwaalftwelvetwaalf · cardinal numeralfirst coordinated quantifier of palenoforof · coordinating conjunctionlinks twaalf and veertienveertienfourteenveertien · cardinal numeralsecond coordinated quantifier of palenpalenmilespaal · noun, common gender, pluraldirect object of afgelegdIn the colonial Indies, a paal was a unit of distance; the translation renders it as ‘mile.’
afgelegdcoveredafleggen · verb, past participlesecond main participle governed by haddiethatdie · relative pronoun, pluralsubject of scheiden; antecedent palenzynhiszijn · possessive determiner, third-person singularpossessor of woonplaatswoonplaatsdwelling-placewoonplaats · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of scheidenscheidenseparatescheiden · verb, present, pluralverb of relative clause modifying palenvanfromvan · prepositionintroduces complement of scheidendethede · determiner, definite, pluraldeterminer of grenzengrenzenbordersgrens · noun, common gender, pluraloblique complement of vanderof thede · determiner, definite, genitive singulardeterminer of afdeelingnaburigeneighbouringnaburig · adjective, inflectedmodifies afdeelingafdeelingdistrictafdeling · noun, common gender, singulargenitive modifier of grenzenPandeglangof PandeglangPandeglang · proper noun, singularapposition to afdeeling - 41
A new assistant-resident was expected, and custom — which in the Indies has the force of law more than anywhere else — requires that the official charged with the government of a district be ceremonially received on his arrival.
ErThereer · existential adverbexpletive in passive existential clausewerdwasworden · auxiliary verb, past, singularpassive auxiliary of verwachteenaeen · determiner, indefinitedeterminer of adsistent-residentnieuwenewnieuw · adjective, inflectedmodifies adsistent-residentadsistent-residentassistant-residentassistent-resident · noun, common gender, singularsubject of passive verwachtAdsistent is a historical spelling of assistent.
verwachtexpectedverwachten · verb, past participlemain participle of passive werd verwachtenanden · coordinating conjunctionlinks the two main clauseshetthehet · determiner, definite, neuter singulardeterminer of gebruikgebruikcustomgebruik · noun, neuter, singularsubject of wildatwhichdat · relative pronoun, neuter singularsubject of heeft; antecedent gebruikininin · prepositionintroduces place adjunct of heeftIndiethe IndiesIndië · proper noun, singularoblique complement of inThe source omits the diaeresis of modern Indië.
meermoreveel · comparative adverbdegree adjunct of heeftdanthandan · comparative conjunctionintroduces comparison with ergensergensanywhere elseergens · indefinite adverbcomplement of comparative dankrachtforcekracht · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of heeftvanofvan · prepositionintroduces modifier of krachtwetlawwet · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of vanheefthashebben · verb, present, singularverb of relative clause modifying gebruikwilrequireswillen · verb, present, singularmain verb of second clausedatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces clausal complement of wildethede · determiner, definite, common gender singulardeterminer of beambtebeambteofficialbeambte · noun, common gender, singularsubject of passive worde ingehaalddiewhodie · relative pronoun, common gender singularsubject of passive belast ismetwithmet · prepositionintroduces complement of belasthetthehet · determiner, definite, neuter singulardeterminer of bestuurbestuurgovernmentbestuur · noun, neuter, singularoblique complement of meteenerof aeen · determiner, indefinite, feminine genitive singulardeterminer of afdeelingafdeelingdistrictafdeling · noun, common gender, singulargenitive modifier of bestuurbelastchargedbelasten · verb, past participlemain participle of relative passive belast isisiszijn · auxiliary verb, present, singularpassive auxiliary of belastfeestelykceremoniallyfeestelijk · adverbmanner adjunct of ingehaaldOld spelling of modern feestelijk.
wordebeworden · auxiliary verb, present subjunctive, singularpassive auxiliary of ingehaaldingehaaldreceivedinhalen · verb, past participlemain participle in clausal complement of wilbyonbij · prepositionintroduces time adjunct of ingehaaldzynhiszijn · possessive determiner, third-person singularpossessor of aankomstaankomstarrivalaankomst · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of by - 42
The controller too was present there, a man of middle age who, ever since the death of the previous assistant-resident some months before, had as next in rank been carrying on the administration.
Ooktooook · adverbfocus adverb modifying kontroleurdethede · determiner, definite, common gender singulardeterminer of kontroleurkontroleurcontrollercontroleur · noun, common gender, singularsubject of wasHistorical spelling of modern controleur.
eenaeen · determiner, indefinitedeterminer of manmanmanman · noun, common gender, singularapposition to kontroleurvanofvan · prepositionintroduces modifier of manmiddelbarenmiddlemiddelbaar · adjective, inflectedmodifies leeftydleeftydageleeftijd · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of vandiewhodie · relative pronoun, common gender singularsubject of had waargenomensedertforsedert · prepositionintroduces time adjunct of had waargenomeneenigesomeenig · indefinite determiner, pluralquantifies maandenmaandenmonthsmaand · noun, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sedertnaafterna · prepositionintroduces time adjunct of had waargenomendenthede · determiner, definite, masculine singulardeterminer of dooddooddeathdood · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of navanofvan · prepositionintroduces modifier of dooddenthede · determiner, definite, masculine singulardeterminer of adsistent-residentvorigenpreviousvorig · adjective, inflectedmodifies adsistent-residentadsistent-residentassistant-residentassistent-resident · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of vanalsasals · prepositionintroduces capacity adjunct of waargenomeneerstopvolgendenext in lineeerstopvolgend · adjective, substantivized, common gender singularoblique complement of als referring to dieininin · prepositionintroduces modifier of eerstopvolgenderangrankrang · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of inhetthehet · determiner, definite, neuter singulardeterminer of bestuurbestuuradministrationbestuur · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of waargenomenhadhadhebben · auxiliary verb, past, singularauxiliary of waargenomenwaargenomenbeen carrying onwaarnemen · verb, past participleverb of relative clause modifying manwaswaszijn · verb, past, singularcopula linking kontroleur to tegenwoordigdaartheredaar · adverbplace adjunct of tegenwoordigtegenwoordigpresenttegenwoordig · adjective, predicativepredicative complement of was - 43
As soon as the time of the new assistant-resident's coming was known, men had hastily caused a pendoppo to be put up, had brought a table and a few chairs there, and had set out some refreshments. In this pendoppo the Regent, together with the controller, awaited the arrival of the new chief.
ZoodraAs soon aszodra · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bekend washetthehet · determiner, neuter singulardeterminer of tijdstiptydstiptimetijdstip · noun, neuter, singularsubject of bekend wasderof thede · determiner, archaic genitive singulardeterminer of komstDer is the old genitive form of de.
komstcomingkomst · noun, common gender, singulargenitive complement of tijdstipvanofvan · prepositionintroduces complement of komstdenthede · determiner, archaic masculine singulardeterminer of adsistent-residentnieuwennewnieuw · adjective, inflected, archaic masculine singularmodifies adsistent-residentadsistent-residentassistant-residentassistent-resident · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of vanbekendknownbekend · adjectivepredicative complement of waswaswaszijn · copular verb, past, singularverb of subordinate clausehadhadhebben · auxiliary verb, past, singularauxiliary of doen, gebracht, and gezetmenmenmen · pronoun, nominativesubject of hadin-aller-ylhastilyin aller ijl · adverbial phraseadverbial modifier of had doen oprichtenThe modern spelling is in aller ijl, meaning ‘in great haste’.
eenaeen · determiner, indefinitedeterminer of pendoppopendoppopendoppopendoppo · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of doen oprichtendoencaused todoen · verb, infinitivecausative complement of hadoprichtenbe put upoprichten · verb, infinitivecomplement of doeneenaeen · determiner, indefinitedeterminer of tafeltafeltabletafel · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of gebrachtenanden · conjunctionlinks tafel and stoeleneenigea fewenige · indefinite determiner, pluraldeterminer of stoelenstoelenchairsstoel · noun, pluralcoordinated direct object of gebrachtdaarheentheredaarheen · adverbdirectional modifier of gebrachtgebrachtbroughtbrengen · verb, past participlecoordinated with doen oprichten and gezetenanden · conjunctionlinks gebracht and gezeteenigesomeenige · indefinite determiner, pluraldeterminer of ververschingenververschingenrefreshmentsverversing · noun, pluraldirect object of gezetgereedreadygereed · adverbparticle-like modifier in gereedzettengezetset outzetten · verb, past participlecoordinated with doen oprichten and gebrachtInInin · prepositionintroduces locative phrasedezethisdeze · demonstrative determiner, singulardeterminer of pendoppopendoppopendoppopendoppo · noun, common gender, singularobject of inwachttewaitedwachten · verb, past, singularmain verb, completed by afdethede · determinerdeterminer of RegentRegentRegentregent · noun, common gender, singularsubject of wachtte afmettogether withmet · prepositionintroduces accompaniment phrasedenthede · determiner, archaic masculine singulardeterminer of kontroleurkontroleurcontrollercontroleur · noun, common gender, singularobject of metdethede · determinerdeterminer of aankomstaankomstarrivalaankomst · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of wachtte afvanofvan · prepositionintroduces complement of aankomstdenthede · determiner, archaic masculine singulardeterminer of chefnieuwennewnieuw · adjective, inflected, archaic masculine singularmodifies chefchefchiefchef · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of vanafforaf · separable verb particleparticle of wachtte ... af - 44
After a broad-brimmed hat, an umbrella, or a hollow tree, a pendoppo is surely the simplest expression of the notion: roof.
NaAfterna · prepositionintroduces comparative ordering phraseeenaeen · determiner, indefinitedeterminer of hoedhoedhathoed · noun, common gender, singularobject of nametwithmet · prepositionintroduces modifier of hoedbreedenbroadbreed · adjective, inflected, archaic masculine singularmodifies randrandbrimrand · noun, common gender, singularobject of meteenaneen · determiner, indefinitedeterminer of regenschermregenschermumbrellaregenscherm · noun, neuter, singularcoordinated object of naoforof · conjunctionlinks regenscherm and boomeenaeen · determiner, indefinitedeterminer of boomhollenhollowhol · adjective, inflected, archaic masculine singularmodifies boomboomtreeboom · noun, common gender, singularcoordinated object of naisiszijn · copular verb, present, singularlinks pendoppo to uitdrukkingeenaeen · determiner, indefinitedeterminer of pendoppopendoppopendoppopendoppo · noun, common gender, singularsubject of iszekersurelyzeker · adverbsentence adverb modifying isdethede · determinerdeterminer of uitdrukkingeenvoudigstesimplesteenvoudig · adjective, superlative, inflectedmodifies uitdrukkinguitdrukkingexpressionuitdrukking · noun, common gender, singularpredicative complement of isvanofvan · prepositionintroduces complement of uitdrukkinghetthehet · determiner, neuter singulardeterminer of denkbeelddenkbeeldnotiondenkbeeld · noun, neuter, singularobject of vandakroofdak · noun, neuter, singularapposition defining denkbeeld - 45
Picture to yourself four or six bamboo poles driven into the ground, joined together at their upper ends by other lengths of bamboo, to which is fastened a covering made of the long leaves of the water-palm — which in these parts is called atap — and you will be able to imagine such a pendoppo. It is, as you see, as simple as can be, and here too it was meant to serve only as a pied-à-terre for the European and native officials who had come to that spot to welcome their new superior at the borders.
VerbeeldPictureverbeelden · verb, imperative, singularmain verb, reflexive with uuto yourselfu · reflexive pronounreflexive object of verbeeldvierfourvier · numeralquantifies palenoforof · conjunctionlinks vier and zeszessixzes · numeralcoordinated with vierbamboezenbamboobamboezen · material adjective, uninflectedmodifies palenpalenpolespaal · noun, pluraldirect object of verbeeldinintoin · prepositionintroduces locative complement of geslagendenthede · determiner, archaic masculine singulardeterminer of grondgrondgroundgrond · noun, common gender, singularobject of ingeslagendrivenslaan · verb, past participleparticipial modifier of palendiewhichdie · relative pronoun, pluralsubject of verbonden zijn; antecedent palenaanataan · prepositionintroduces locative complement of verbondendethede · determinerdeterminer of boveneindenboveneindenupper endsboveneind · noun, neuter, pluralobject of aanmetwithmet · prepositionintroduces complement of verbondenelkanderone anotherelkaar · reciprocal pronounobject of metverbondenjoinedverbinden · verb, past participlepassive predicate with zijnzynarezijn · auxiliary verb, present, pluralpassive auxiliary of verbondendoorbydoor · prepositionintroduces agent or means of verbondenandereotherander · adjective, inflected, pluralmodifies bamboesbamboeslengths of bamboobamboe · noun, pluralobject of doorwaaropto whichwaarop · relative adverbprepositional complement of vastgehecht; antecedent bamboeseenaeen · determiner, indefinitedeterminer of dekseldekselcoveringdeksel · noun, neuter, singularsubject of is vastgehechtisiszijn · auxiliary verb, present, singularpassive auxiliary of vastgehechtvastgehechtfastenedvasthechten · verb, past participlepassive predicate with isvanmade ofvan · prepositionintroduces material complement of dekseldethede · determinerdeterminer of bladenlangelonglang · adjective, inflected, pluralmodifies bladenbladenleavesblad · noun, pluralobject of vanvanofvan · prepositionintroduces complement of bladendenthede · determiner, archaic masculine singulardeterminer of waterpalmwaterpalmwater-palmwaterpalm · noun, common gender, singularobject of vandiewhichdie · relative pronoun, singularsubject of heet; antecedent waterpalmininin · prepositionintroduces locative phrasedezethesedeze · demonstrative determiner, pluraldeterminer of strekenstrekenpartsstreek · noun, pluralobject of inatapatapatap · noun, common gender, singularpredicative complement of heetheetis calledheten · verb, present, singularverb of relative clauseenanden · conjunctionlinks the two main clausesgeyougij · pronoun, nominative, second person singularsubject of zultzultwillzullen · auxiliary verb, present, second person singularfuture auxiliary of kunnen voorstellenuto yourselfu · reflexive pronounreflexive object of voorstellendusdanigesuch adusdanig · demonstrative adjective, inflected, singularmodifies pendoppopendoppopendoppopendoppo · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of voorstellenkunnenbe able tokunnen · modal verb, infinitivecomplement of zult and governs voorstellenvoorstellenimaginevoorstellen · verb, infinitivecomplement of kunnen, reflexive with uHetIthet · pronoun, neuter singularsubject of isisiszijn · copular verb, present, singularlinks het to eenvoudigzooalsaszoals · subordinating conjunctionintroduces parenthetical clause ge zietgeyougij · pronoun, nominative, second person singularsubject of zietzietseezien · verb, present, second person singularverb of parenthetical clausezooaszo · degree adverbmodifies eenvoudig mogelijkeenvoudigsimpleeenvoudig · adjectivepredicative complement of ismogelykas can bemogelijk · adjectivecompletes zo eenvoudig mogelijk constructionenanden · conjunctionlinks the two main clauseshetithet · pronoun, neuter singularsubject of moest dienenmoestwas meant tomoeten · modal verb, past, singulargoverns dienenhierherehier · adverblocative modifier of dienendanthereforedan · adverbpart of dan ookooktooook · adverbpart of dan ookslechtsonlyslechts · adverbmodifies dienendienenservedienen · verb, infinitivecomplement of moestalsasals · prepositionintroduces predicative complement of dienenpiedfootpied · noun, masculine singular, Frenchhead of French phrase pied à terrePied à terre is French for a temporary lodging or base.
àonà · preposition, Frenchlinks pied and terre in French phraseterrethe groundterre · noun, feminine singular, Frenchobject of à in French phrasevoorforvoor · prepositionintroduces beneficiary of dienendethede · determinerdeterminer of beambteneuropescheEuropeanEuropees · adjective, inflected, pluralmodifies beambtenenanden · conjunctionlinks europesche and inlandscheinlandschenativeinlands · adjective, inflected, pluralmodifies beambtenbeambtenofficialsbeambte · noun, pluralobject of voordiewhodie · relative pronoun, pluralsubject of kwamen; antecedent beambtendaarto that spotdaar · adverblocative modifier of kwamenhuntheirhun · possessive determiner, pluraldeterminer of opperhoofdnieuwnewnieuw · adjective, uninflected, neuter singularmodifies opperhoofdopperhoofdsuperioropperhoofd · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of verwelkomenkwamenhad comekomen · verb, past, pluralverb of relative clause and governs verwelkomenverwelkomento welcomeverwelkomen · verb, infinitivepurpose complement of kwamenaanataan · prepositionintroduces locative phrasedethede · determinerdeterminer of grenzengrenzenbordersgrens · noun, pluralobject of aan - 46
I did not express myself altogether precisely when I called the assistant-resident the superior, of the Regent as well.
IkIik · pronoun, nominative, first person singularsubject of heb uitgedrukthebhavehebben · auxiliary verb, present, first person singularauxiliary of uitgedruktmemyselfzich · reflexive pronoun, first person singularreflexive object of uitgedruktnietnotniet · adverbnegates heb uitgedruktvolkomenaltogethervolkomen · adverbmodifies juistjuistpreciselyjuist · adverbmodifies uitgedruktuitgedruktexpresseduitdrukken · verb, past participlemain predicate with hebtoenwhentoen · subordinating conjunctionintroduces clause of noemdeikIik · pronoun, nominative, first person singularsubject of noemdedenthede · determiner, archaic masculine singulardeterminer of adsistent-residentadsistent-residentassistant-residentassistent-resident · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of noemdehetthehet · determiner, neuter singulardeterminer of opperhoofdopperhoofdsuperioropperhoofd · noun, neuter, singularobject complement of adsistent-residentookas wellook · adverbfocuses van den Regentvanofvan · prepositionintroduces complement of opperhoofddenthede · determiner, archaic masculine singulardeterminer of RegentRegentRegentregent · noun, common gender, singularobject of vannoemdecallednoemen · verb, past, singularverb of subordinate clause - 47
A digression on the mechanism of the government in these regions is here indispensable, for a proper understanding of what is to follow.
EenAeen · determiner, indefinitedeterminer of uitweidinguitweidingdigressionuitweiding · noun, common gender, singularsubject of isoveronover · prepositionintroduces complement of uitweiding'tthehet · determiner, neuter singular, elideddeterminer of mechanismusmechanismusmechanismmechanisme · noun, neuter, singularobject of overvanofvan · prepositionintroduces complement of mechanismushetthehet · determiner, neuter singulardeterminer of bestuurbestuurgovernmentbestuur · noun, neuter, singularobject of vanininin · prepositionintroduces locative modifier of bestuurdezethesedeze · demonstrative determiner, pluraldeterminer of landstrekenlandstrekenregionslandstreek · noun, pluralobject of inisiszijn · copular verb, present, singularlinks uitweiding to noodzakelijkhierherehier · adverbmodifies is noodzakelijktotfortot · prepositionintroduces purpose phrasejuistproperjuist · adjective, uninflected, neuter singularmodifies begripbegripunderstandingbegrip · noun, neuter, singularobject of totvanofvan · prepositionintroduces complement of begriphetgeenwhathetgeen · relative pronoun, neuter singularsubject of zal volgenvolgenfollowvolgen · verb, infinitivemain verb with zalzalis tozullen · auxiliary verb, present, singularfuture auxiliary of volgennoodzakelykindispensablenoodzakelijk · adjectivepredicative complement of is - 48
What is called the Netherlands Indies — the adjective "Netherlands" strikes me as somewhat inaccurate, though it was officially adopted — is, as regards the relation of the mother country to the population, to be divided into two very different main parts.
Hetthehet · determiner, neuter singulardeterminer of Indiedusgenaamdso-calleddusgenaamd · adjective, attributivemodifies IndieNederlandschNetherlandsNederlands · adjective, attributivemodifies IndieHistorical spelling of modern Nederlands.
IndieIndiesIndië · proper nounsubject of is'tthehet · determiner, neuter singulardeterminer of adjektiefadjektiefadjectiveadjectief · noun, neuter singularsubject of komtHistorical spelling of modern adjectief.
nederlandschNetherlandsNederlands · adjective, predicativeapposition identifying adjektiefkomtstrikesvoorkomen · verb, present, singularfinite verb of parenthetical clausememeik · pronoun, first person singular, dativeindirect object of voorkomteenigszinssomewhatenigszins · adverbmodifies onnauwkeurigonnauwkeuriginaccurateonnauwkeurig · adjective, predicativepredicative complement of voorkomtvoorseemsvoorkomen · separable verb particleparticle of komt ... voordochthoughdoch · conjunctionlinks the coordination'tithet · pronounsubject of passive aangenomenwerdwasworden · auxiliary verb, past, singularpassive auxiliary of aangenomenofficieelofficiallyofficieel · adverbmodifies aangenomenaangenomenadoptedaannemen · verb, past participlemain participle of passive clauseisiszijn · verb, present, singularmain verb with te splitsenwatas regardswat · relative pronounfronted object of aangaatdethede · determinerdeterminer of verhoudingverhoudingrelationverhouding · noun, common gender, singularsubject of aangaatvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking moederlandhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of moederlandmoederlandmother countrymoederland · noun, neuter, singularcomplement of vantottotot · prepositionpreposition marking bevolkingdethede · determinerdeterminer of bevolkingbevolkingpopulationbevolking · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of totaangaatconcernsaangaan · verb, present, singularfinite verb of parenthetical clausetetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive splitsensplitsendividedsplitsen · verb, infinitiveinfinitive complement of isinintoin · prepositionpreposition marking hoofddeelentweetwotwee · numeralquantifies hoofddeelenzeerveryzeer · adverbmodifies verschillendeverschillendedifferentverschillend · adjectivemodifies hoofddeelenhoofddeelenmain partshoofddeel · noun, neuter pluralcomplement of in - 49
One part consists of tribes whose princes and petty princes have acknowledged the sovereignty of the Netherlands as suzerain, but where the direct administration has, in greater or lesser degree, nonetheless remained in the hands of the native Chiefs themselves.
Eenoneeen · determinerdeterminer of gedeeltegedeeltepartgedeelte · noun, neuter, singularsubject of bestaatbestaatconsistsbestaan · verb, present, singularmain verb of the sentenceuitofuit · prepositionpreposition marking stammenstammentribesstam · noun, pluraloblique complement of bestaatwelkerwhosewelk · relative determiner, genitive pluralpossessive determiner of vorsten and vorstjesvorstenprincesvorst · noun, common gender, pluralsubject of erkend hebbenenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvorstjespetty princesvorstje · noun, neuter plural, diminutivecoordinated subject with vorstendethede · determinerdeterminer of opperheerschappyopperheerschappysovereigntyopperheerschappij · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of erkendHistorical spelling of modern opperheerschappij.
vanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking NederlandNederlandthe NetherlandsNederland · proper noun, neuter, singularmodifies opperheerschappyalsasals · prepositionmarks predicative complement suzereinsuzereinsuzerainsuzerein · noun, common gender, singularpredicative complement of Nederlanderkendacknowledgederkennen · verb, past participlemain participle of erkend hebbenhebbenhavehebben · auxiliary verb, present, pluralperfect auxiliary of erkenddochbutdoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationwaarbyamong whichwaarbij · relative adverbintroduces relative clause on stammenHistorical spelling of modern waarbij.
nogstillnog · adverbwith altijd, means nonethelessaltydalwaysaltijd · adverbmodifies geblevenhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of bestuurrechtstreekschdirectrechtstreeks · adjective, attributivemodifies bestuurHistorical spelling of modern rechtstreeks.
bestuuradministrationbestuur · noun, neuter, singularsubject of geblevenininin · prepositionpreposition marking matemeergreatermeer · comparative adjectivemodifies mateoforof · conjunctionlinks the coordinationminderlesserminder · comparative adjectivemodifies matematedegreemate · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of geblevengeblevenremainedblijven · verb, past participlemain participle of gebleven isishaszijn · auxiliary verb, present, singularperfect auxiliary of geblevenininin · prepositionpreposition marking handenhandenhandshand · noun, pluraloblique complement of geblevenvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking ingeborendethede · determinerdeterminer of ingeboreningeborennativeingeboren · adjective, attributivemodifies HoofdenHoofdenchiefshoofd · noun, neuter pluralcomplement of vanzelfthemselveszelf · intensifying pronounemphasizes Hoofden - 50
Another part — to which, with a very small and perhaps only apparent exception, the whole of Java belongs — is directly subject to the Netherlands.
Eenaneen · determinerdeterminer of gedeelteanderotherander · adjectivemodifies gedeeltegedeeltepartgedeelte · noun, neuter singularsubject of is onderworpenwaartoeto whichwaartoe · relative adverbprepositional complement of behoortmetwithmet · prepositionintroduces exception phraseeenaeen · determinerdeterminer of uitzonderingzeerveryzeer · adverbmodifies kleinekleinesmallklein · adjective, attributivemodifies uitzonderingwellichtperhapswellicht · adverbmodifies schynbaremaaronlymaar · adverbmodifies schynbareschynbareapparentschijnbaar · adjective, attributivemodifies uitzonderingHistorical spelling of modern schijnbaar.
uitzonderingexceptionuitzondering · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of metgeheelall ofgeheel · adjective, attributivequantifies JavaJavaJavaJava · proper nounsubject of behoortbehoortbelongsbehoren · verb, present, singularrelative clause on gedeelteisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula with onderworpenrechtstreeksdirectlyrechtstreeks · adverbmodifies onderworpenonderworpensubjectonderworpen · adjective, predicativepredicative complement of isaantoaan · prepositionpreposition marking NederlandNederlandthe NetherlandsNederland · proper noun, neuter, singularoblique complement of onderworpen - 51
Of tribute or levy or alliance there is no question here.
Vanofvan · prepositionintroduces topic complement of sprakecynstributecijns · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of vanHistorical spelling of modern cijns.
oforof · conjunctionlinks the coordinationschattinglevyschatting · noun, common gender, singularcoordinated with cynsoforof · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbondgenootschapalliancebondgenootschap · noun, neuter, singularcoordinated with cijnsisiszijn · verb, present, singularmain verb of existential expressionhierherehier · adverbmodifies spraakgeennogeen · determinerdeterminer of spraakspraakquestionspraak · noun, common gender, singularpredicative noun in existential expressionVan ... is geen spraak means “there is no question of ...”.
- 52
The Javanese is a Netherlands subject.
Dethede · determinerdeterminer of JavaanJavaanJavaneseJavaan · noun, common gender, singularsubject of isisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula linking Javaan and onderdaannederlandschNetherlandsNederlands · adjective, attributivemodifies onderdaanonderdaansubjectonderdaan · noun, common gender, singularpredicative complement of is - 53
The King of the Netherlands is his king.
Dethede · determinerdeterminer of KoningKoningkingkoning · noun, common gender, singularsubject of isvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking NederlandNederlandthe NetherlandsNederland · proper nouncomplement of vanisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula linking the two noun phraseszynhiszijn · possessive determiner, third person singularpossessor of koningkoningkingkoning · noun, common gender, singularpredicative complement of is - 54
The descendants of his former princes and lords are Netherlands officials. They are appointed, transferred, promoted, by the Governor-General who governs in the name of the King.
Dethede · determinerdeterminer of afstammelingenafstammelingendescendantsafstammeling · noun, common gender, pluralsubject of zijnzynerof hiszijn · possessive determiner, genitive pluralpossessive determiner of vorsten and heerenArchaic genitive form of zijn: “of his.”
vorigeformervorig · adjectivemodifies vorstenvorstenprincesvorst · noun, common gender, pluralcomplement of zynerenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationheerenlordsheer · noun, common gender, pluralcoordinated with vorstenHistorical plural spelling of modern heren.
zynarezijn · verb, present, pluralcopula linking afstammelingen and beambtennederlandscheNetherlandsNederlands · adjective, attributivemodifies beambtenbeambtenofficialsbeambte · noun, common gender, pluralpredicative complement of zijnZetheyze · pronounsubject of passive aangesteldwordenareworden · auxiliary verb, present, pluralpassive auxiliary of aangesteldaangesteldappointedaanstellen · verb, participlemain verb of the sentenceverplaatsttransferredverplaatsen · verb, past participlecoordinated with aangesteldbevorderdpromotedbevorderen · verb, past participlecoordinated with aangestelddoorbydoor · prepositionmarks agent of passive verbsdenthede · determiner, masculine singular, accusativedeterminer of Gouverneur-generaalGouverneur-generaalGovernor-Generalgouverneur-generaal · noun, common gender, singularagent complement of doordiewhodie · pronounsubject of regeertin-naamin the namein naam · prepositional phraseadverbial modifier of regeertvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking dendenthede · determiner, masculine singular, dativedeterminer of KoningKoningKingkoning · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of vanregeertgovernsregeren · verb, present, singularfinite verb of relative clause - 55
The criminal is condemned and sentenced by a law that has issued from The Hague.
Dethede · determinerdeterminer of misdadigermisdadigercriminalmisdadiger · noun, common gender, singularsubject of passive veroordeeldwordtisworden · auxiliary verb, present, singularpassive auxiliary of veroordeeldveroordeeldcondemnedveroordelen · verb, participlemain verb of the sentenceenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgevonnisdsentencedvonnissen · verb, past participlecoordinated with veroordeeldnaarundernaar · prepositionintroduces legal standardeenaeen · determinerdeterminer of wetwetlawwet · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of naardiethatdie · pronounsubject of uitgegaanvanfromvan · prepositionmarks source of uitgegaan'sof thedes · fossilized genitive articlepart of place name ’s-Gravenhage’s-Gravenhage is the historical formal name of The Hague.
GravenhageHague’s-Gravenhage · proper nouncomplement of vanishaszijn · auxiliary verb, present, singularauxiliary of uitgegaanuitgegaanissueduitgaan · verb, past participlemain participle of relative clause - 56
The taxes that the Javanese pays flow into the treasury of the Netherlands.
Dethede · determinerdeterminer of belastingbelastingtaxbelasting · noun, common gender, singularsubject of vloeitdiethatdie · pronoundirect object of opbrengtdethede · determinerdeterminer of JavaanJavaanJavaneseJavaan · noun, common gender, singularsubject of opbrengtopbrengtpaysopbrengen · verb, present, singularfinite verb of relative clausevloeitflowsvloeien · verb, present, singularmain verb of the sentenceinintoin · prepositionmarks destination of vloeitdethede · determinerdeterminer of schatkistschatkisttreasuryschatkist · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of vloeitvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking NederlandNederlandthe NetherlandsNederland · proper noun, neuter, singularmodifies schatkist - 57
It is of this part only of the Netherlands possessions — which thus in truth forms a part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands — that these pages will chiefly speak.
Vanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking gedeelteditthisdit · determinerdeterminer of gedeeltegedeeltepartgedeelte · noun, neuter singulartopic complement of vanslechtsonlyslechts · adverbfocuses dit gedeeltederof thede · determiner, genitive pluraldeterminer of bezittingennederlandscheNetherlandsNederlands · adjective, attributivemodifies bezittingenbezittingenpossessionsbezitting · noun, common gender, pluralgenitive complement of gedeeltedatwhichdat · relative pronoun, neuter singularsubject of uitmaaktalzoothusalzo · adverbmodifies uitmaaktArchaic alzoo means “thus.”
inderdaadin truthinderdaad · adverbmodifies uitmaaktdeelpartdeel · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of uitmaaktuitmaaktformsuitmaken · verb, present, singularrelative clause on gedeeltevanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking Koningrykhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of KoningrykKoningrykKingdomkoninkrijk · noun, neuter singularcomplement of vanHistorical spelling of modern koninkrijk.
derof thede · determiner, genitive pluraldeterminer of NederlandenNederlandenNetherlandsNederlanden · proper noun, pluralgenitive complement of Koningrykzalwillzullen · auxiliary verb, present, singularauxiliary of zynininin · prepositionpreposition marking bladendezethesedeze · determinerdeterminer of bladenbladenpagesblad · noun, neuter pluralcomplement of inhoofdzakelykchieflyhoofdzakelijk · adverbmodifies sprake zijnHistorical spelling of modern hoofdzakelijk.
sprakementionsprake · noun, common gender, singularpart of expression sprake zijnzynbezijn · verb, infinitiveinfinitive governed by zal - 58
The Governor-General is assisted by a Council, which, however, has no decisive influence on his decisions.
Denthede · determiner, masculine singular, dativedeterminer of Gouverneur-generaalGouverneur-generaalGovernor-Generalgouverneur-generaal · noun, common gender, singularindirect object of staat terzijdestaatstandsstaan · verb, present, singularmain verb with particle terzijdeeenaeen · determinerdeterminer of RaadRaadCouncilraad · noun, common gender, singularsubject of staatter-zydeassiststerzijde · adverbadverb in idiom staat ... terzijdeHistorical spelling of modern terzijde; iemand terzijde staan means “to assist someone.”
diewhichdie · pronounsubject of heeftechterhoweverechter · adverbmodifies heeftoponop · prepositionpreposition marking besluitenzynhiszijn · possessive determiner, third person singularpossessor of besluitenbesluitendecisionsbesluit · noun, pluraloblique complement of heeftgeennogeen · negative determinerdeterminer of invloedbeslissendendecisivebeslissend · adjective, attributive, masculine singular, accusativemodifies invloedinvloedinfluenceinvloed · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of heeftheefthashebben · verb, present, singularfinite verb of relative clause - 59
At Batavia the several branches of administration are divided into "departments," at the head of which Directors are placed, who form the link between the supreme government of the Governor-General and the Residents in the provinces.
Teatte · prepositionpreposition marking BataviaBataviaBataviaBatavia · proper nouncomplement of te; locative adjunct of the first clausezynarezijn · auxiliary verb, present, pluralpassive auxiliary of verdeelddethede · determinerdeterminer of bestuurstakkenonderscheideneseveralonderscheiden · adjective, inflectedmodifies bestuurstakkenbestuurstakkenadministrative branchesbestuurstak · noun, common gender, pluralsubject of passive verdeeldverdeelddividedverdelen · verb, past participlemain verb of the first clauseinintoin · prepositionpreposition marking departementendepartementendepartmentsdepartement · noun, neuter, pluraloblique complement of verdeeldaanataan · prepositionpart of the phrase aan het hoofdwelkerwhosewelk · relative pronoun, genitive, pluralpossessor of hoofd; refers to departementenhoofdheadhoofd · noun, neuter, singularoblique complement of geplaatstDirekteurenDirectorsdirecteur · noun, common gender, pluralsubject of passive geplaatstgeplaatstplacedplaatsen · verb, past participleverb of the relative clause on departementenzynarezijn · auxiliary verb, present, pluralpassive auxiliary of geplaatstdiewhodie · relative pronoun, pluralsubject of uitmaken; refers to Direkteurendenthede · determiner, archaic inflected formdeterminer of schakelschakellinkschakel · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of uitmakenuitmakenformuitmaken · verb, present, pluralverb of the relative clause on Direkteurentusschenbetweentussen · prepositionpreposition marking the two things linkedhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of opperbestuuropperbestuursupreme governmentopperbestuur · noun, neuter, singularfirst complement of tusschenvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking Gouverneur-generaaldenthede · determiner, archaic inflected formdeterminer of Gouverneur-generaalGouverneur-generaalGovernor-Generalgouverneur-generaal · noun, common gender, singularpossessive complement of opperbestuurenanden · coordinating conjunctioncoordinates opperbestuur and Residentendethede · determinerdeterminer of ResidentenResidentenResidentsresident · noun, common gender, pluralsecond complement of tusschenininin · prepositionpreposition marking provinciendethede · determinerdeterminer of provincienprovincienprovincesprovincie · noun, common gender, pluralmodifies Residenten - 60
In the handling, however, of matters of a political nature, these officials apply directly to the Governor-General.
Byinbij · prepositionpreposition marking behandelingbehandelinghandlingbehandeling · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of By; the prepositional phrase is a circumstantial adjunct of wendenevenwelhoweverevenwel · adverbsentence adverb modifying wendenderof thede · determiner, genitive pluraldeterminer of zakenzakenmatterszaak · noun, common gender, pluralgenitive complement of behandelingvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking aardpolitiekenpoliticalpolitiek · adjective, inflectedmodifies aardaardnatureaard · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of van modifying zakenwendenapplywenden · verb, present, pluralmain verb of the sentencezichthemselveszich · reflexive pronoun, third person pluralreflexive object of wendendezethesedeze · demonstrative determinerdeterminer of beambtenbeambtenofficialsbeambte · noun, common gender, pluralsubject of wendenrechtstreeksdirectlyrechtstreeks · adverbmodifies wendentottotot · prepositionpreposition selected by zich wendendenthede · determiner, archaic inflected formdeterminer of Gouverneur-generaalGouverneur-generaalGovernor-Generalgouverneur-generaal · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of tot - 61
The title of Resident comes from the time when the Netherlands still governed the population only indirectly, as liege lord, and had itself represented at the courts of the still-reigning Princes by Residents.
Dethede · determinerdeterminer of benamingbenamingtitlebenaming · noun, common gender, singularsubject of isResidentResidentresident · noun, common gender, singularapposition specifying benamingisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula linking benaming to herkomstigherkomstigderivedherkomstig · predicative adjectivesubject complement of isuitfromuit · prepositionpreposition selected by herkomstigdenthede · determiner, archaic inflected formdeterminer of tydtydtimetijd · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of uittoenwhentoen · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the temporal clause modifying tydNederlandthe NetherlandsNederland · proper noun, neuter, singularsubject of beheerschte and lietnogstillnog · adverbmodifies beheerschteslechtsonlyslechts · adverbmodifies middelykmiddelykindirectlymiddellijk · adverbmodifies beheerschteOld spelling of ‘middellijk’, here meaning indirectly.
alsasals · prepositionmarks the role leenheerleenheerliege lordleenheer · noun, common gender, singularpredicative complement of alsdethede · determinerdeterminer of bevolkingbevolkingpopulationbevolking · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of beheerschtebeheerschtegovernedbeheersen · verb, past, singularfirst verb in the temporal clauseenanden · coordinating conjunctioncoordinates beheerschte and lietzichitselfzich · reflexive pronoun, third person singulardirect object of vertegenwoordigenaanataan · prepositionpreposition marking hovendethede · determinerdeterminer of hovenhovencourtshof · noun, neuter, plurallocative complement of vertegenwoordigenderof thede · determiner, genitive pluraldeterminer of Vorstennogstillnog · adverbmodifies regeerenderegeerendereigningregeren · present participle, inflectedmodifies VorstenVorstenPrincesvorst · noun, common gender, pluralgenitive complement of hovendoorbydoor · prepositionmarks the agent of vertegenwoordigenResidentenResidentsresident · noun, common gender, pluralagent complement of vertegenwoordigenliethadlaten · verb, past, singularsecond verb in the temporal clause; causative auxiliary of vertegenwoordigenvertegenwoordigenrepresentedvertegenwoordigen · verb, infinitiveinfinitive complement of liet - 62
Those Princes no longer exist, and the residents have become, as provincial Governors or Prefects, administrators of territories.
Diethosedie · demonstrative determinerdeterminer of VorstenVorstenPrincesvorst · noun, common gender, pluralsubject of bestaanbestaanexistbestaan · verb, present, pluralverb of the first coordinated clausenietnoniet · adverbfirst part of the negative phrase niet meermeerlongermeer · adverbsecond part of the negative phrase niet meerenanden · coordinating conjunctioncoordinates the two main clausesdethede · determinerdeterminer of residentenresidentenresidentsresident · noun, common gender, pluralsubject of zyn gewordenzynhavezijn · auxiliary verb, present, pluralperfect auxiliary of gewordenalsasals · prepositionintroduces Gouverneurs or Praefecten as a capacitygewestelijkeprovincialgewestelijk · adjective, inflectedmodifies GouverneursGouverneursGovernorsgouverneur · noun, common gender, pluralfirst complement of alsoforof · coordinating conjunctioncoordinates Gouverneurs and PraefectenPraefectenPrefectsprefect · noun, common gender, pluralsecond complement of als‘Praefecten’ is an older spelling of ‘prefecten’.
bestuurdersadministratorsbestuurder · noun, common gender, pluralsubject complement of gewordenvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking landschappenlandschappenterritorieslandschap · noun, neuter, pluralcomplement of van modifying bestuurdersgewordenbecomeworden · verb, past participlemain verb of the second coordinated clause - 63
Their sphere of work has changed, but the name has remained.
Huntheirhun · possessive determinerpossessor of werkkringwerkkringsphere of workwerkkring · noun, common gender, singularsubject of is veranderdishaszijn · auxiliary verb, present, singularperfect auxiliary of veranderdveranderdchangedveranderen · verb, past participleverb of the first coordinated clausedochbutdoch · coordinating conjunctioncoordinates the two main clausesdethede · determinerdeterminer of naamnaamnamenaam · noun, common gender, singularsubject of is geblevenishaszijn · auxiliary verb, present, singularperfect auxiliary of geblevengeblevenremainedblijven · verb, past participleverb of the second coordinated clause - 64
It is these residents who actually represent the Netherlands authority to the Javanese population. The people know neither the Governor-General, nor the Councillors of the Indies, nor the Directors at Batavia.
Hetithet · pronoun, neuter, singularanticipatory subject of the cleft constructionzynarezijn · verb, present, pluralcopula linking Het to deze residentenPlural ‘zijn’ is used in this cleft construction with the plural complement.
dezethesedeze · demonstrative determinerdeterminer of residentenresidentenresidentsresident · noun, common gender, pluralsubject complement of zyn and antecedent of diediewhodie · relative pronoun, pluralsubject of vertegenwoordigeneigenlykactuallyeigenlijk · adverbmodifies vertegenwoordigenhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of gezagnederlandschNetherlandsNederlands · adjective, uninflectedmodifies gezaggezagauthoritygezag · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of vertegenwoordigentegenovertotegenover · prepositionpreposition marking bevolkingdethede · determinerdeterminer of bevolkingjavaanscheJavaneseJavaans · adjective, inflectedmodifies bevolkingbevolkingpopulationbevolking · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of tegenoververtegenwoordigenrepresentvertegenwoordigen · verb, present, pluralverb of the relative clause on residentenHetthehet · determinerdeterminer of volkvolkpeoplevolk · noun, neuter, singularsubject of kentkentknowkennen · verb, present, singularmain verb of the second sentencenochneithernoch · coordinating conjunctionintroduces the first member of the negative coordinationdenthede · determiner, archaic inflected formdeterminer of Gouverneur-generaalGouverneur-generaalGovernor-Generalgouverneur-generaal · noun, common gender, singularfirst direct-object member coordinated by nochnochnornoch · coordinating conjunctionintroduces the second member of the negative coordinationdethede · determinerdeterminer of RadenRadenCouncillorsraad · noun, common gender, pluralsecond direct-object member coordinated by nochvanofvan · prepositionpart of the title Raden van IndieIndiethe IndiesIndië · proper nouncomplement of van in the title Raden van Indienochnornoch · coordinating conjunctionintroduces the third member of the negative coordinationdethede · determinerdeterminer of DirekteurenDirekteurenDirectorsdirecteur · noun, common gender, pluralthird direct-object member coordinated by nochteatte · prepositionpreposition marking BataviaBataviaBataviaBatavia · proper nounlocative modifier of Direkteuren - 65
They know only the Resident, and the officials who do the governing under him. Such a residency — there are some that contain nearly a million souls — is divided into three, four, or five districts or regencies, at the head of which Assistant-Residents are placed.
Hetithet · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of kent; refers to het volkkentknowkennen · verb, present, singularmain verb of the first sentenceslechtsonlyslechts · adverbfocus modifier of the coordinated direct objectdenthede · determiner, archaic inflected formdeterminer of ResidentResidentResidentresident · noun, common gender, singularfirst direct object of kentenanden · coordinating conjunctioncoordinates Resident and beambtendethede · determinerdeterminer of beambtenbeambtenofficialsbeambte · noun, common gender, pluralsecond direct object of kentdiewhodie · relative pronoun, pluralsubject of besturenonderunderonder · prepositionpreposition marking hemhemhimhij · personal pronoun, third person singular, object formcomplement of onderhetithet · personal pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of besturenbesturengovernbesturen · verb, present, pluralverb of the relative clause on beambtenEenaeen · indefinite determinerdeterminer of residentiedusdanigesuchdusdanig · adjective, inflectedmodifies residentieresidentieresidencyresidentie · noun, common gender, singularsubject of is verdeelderthereer · existential adverbintroduces the parenthetical existential clausezynarezijn · verb, present, pluralverb of the parenthetical existential clauseersomeer · quantitative pronounquantitative subject meaning some residentiesdiethatdie · relative pronoun, pluralsubject of bevattenbynanearlybijna · adverbmodifies een millioeneenaeen · indefinite determinerdeterminer of millioenmillioenmillionmiljoen · numeral noun, neuter, singularquantifier of zielenzielensoulsziel · noun, common gender, pluraldirect object of bevattenbevattencontainbevatten · verb, present, pluralverb of the relative clause on quantitative erisiszijn · auxiliary verb, present, singularpassive auxiliary of verdeeldverdeelddividedverdelen · verb, past participlemain verb of the second sentenceinintoin · prepositionpreposition marking afdeelingen or regentschappendriethreedrie · cardinal numeralfirst coordinated numeral modifying afdeelingen and regentschappenvierfourvier · cardinal numeralsecond coordinated numeral modifying afdeelingen and regentschappenoforof · coordinating conjunctioncoordinates vier and vyfvyffivevijf · cardinal numeralthird coordinated numeral modifying afdeelingen and regentschappenafdeelingendistrictsafdeling · noun, common gender, pluralfirst complement of inoforof · coordinating conjunctioncoordinates afdeelingen and regentschappenregentschappenregenciesregentschap · noun, neuter, pluralsecond complement of inaanataan · prepositionpart of the phrase aan het hoofdwelkerwhosewelk · relative pronoun, genitive, pluralpossessor of hoofd; refers to afdeelingen or regentschappenhoofdheadhoofd · noun, neuter, singularoblique complement of geplaatstAdsistent-ResidentenAssistant-Residentsassistent-resident · noun, common gender, pluralsubject of passive geplaatst‘Adsistent’ is the historical spelling used here for modern ‘assistent’.
geplaatstplacedplaatsen · verb, past participleverb of the relative clause on afdeelingen or regentschappenzynarezijn · auxiliary verb, present, pluralpassive auxiliary of geplaatst - 66
Under these in turn the administration is carried on by controllers, overseers, and a number of other officials who are needed for the collecting of the taxes, for the supervision of agriculture, for the erecting of buildings, for the waterworks, for the police, and for the administration of justice.
OnderUnderonder · prepositionoblique complement of uitgeoefenddezenthesedeze · demonstrative pronoun, plural, dativeobject of Onderwederin turnweder · adverbmodifies uitgeoefendwordtisworden · auxiliary verb, present, singularpassive auxiliary of uitgeoefendhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of bestuurbestuuradministrationbestuur · noun, neuter, singularsubject of passive uitgeoefenduitgeoefendcarried onuitoefenen · verb, participlemain verb of the sentencedoorbydoor · prepositionpreposition marking kontroleurskontroleurscontrollerscontroleur · noun, pluralagent of passive uitgeoefendopzienersoverseersopziener · noun, masculine pluralcoordinated with kontroleursenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationeenaeen · determinerdeterminer of taltalnumbertal · noun, neuter, singularcoordinated head in agent phrasevanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking beambtenandereotherander · adjectivemodifies beambtenbeambtenofficialsbeambte · noun, pluralcomplement of tal vandiewhodie · relative pronoun, pluralsubject of zynnoodigneedednodig · adjectivepredicate adjective with zynzynarezijn · verb, present, pluralcopula linking die to noodigvoorforvoor · prepositionpreposition marking inningdethede · determinerdeterminer of inninginningcollectinginning · noun, common gender, singularobject of voor; complement of noodigderof thede · determiner, genitive pluraldeterminer of belastingenbelastingentaxesbelasting · noun, pluralgenitive complement of inningvoorforvoor · prepositionpreposition marking toezichthetthehet · determinerdeterminer of toezichttoezichtsupervisiontoezicht · noun, neuter, singularobject of voor; complement of noodigoverofover · prepositionpreposition marking landbouwdenthede · determiner, historical masculine accusativedeterminer of landbouwlandbouwagriculturelandbouw · noun, common gender, singularobject of overvoorforvoor · prepositionpreposition marking oprichtenhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of oprichtenoprichtenerectingoprichten · nominalized infinitiveobject of voor; complement of noodigvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking gebouwengebouwenbuildingsgebouw · noun, pluralcomplement of oprichten vanvoorforvoor · prepositionpreposition marking waterstaats-werkendethede · determinerdeterminer of waterstaats-werkenwaterstaats-werkenwaterworkswaterstaatswerk · noun, pluralobject of voor; complement of noodigvoorforvoor · prepositionpreposition marking policiedethede · determinerdeterminer of policiepoliciepolicepolitie · noun, common gender, singularobject of voor; complement of noodigenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvoorforvoor · prepositionpreposition marking rechtswezenhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of rechtswezenrechtswezenjustice systemrechtswezen · noun, neuter, singularobject of voor; complement of noodig - 67
In each district a native chief of high rank, with the title of Regent, stands at the assistant-resident's side.
InInin · prepositionpreposition marking afdeelingelkeeachelk · determinerdeterminer of afdeelingafdeelingdistrictafdeling · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of staatstaatstandsstaan · verb, present, singularmain verb of the sentenceeenaeen · determinerdeterminer of hoofdinlandschnativeinlands · adjectivemodifies hoofdHistorical spelling of modern inlands.
hoofdchiefhoofd · noun, neuter, singularsubject of staatvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking ranghoogenhighhoog · adjectivemodifies rangrangrankrang · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of vanmetwithmet · prepositionpreposition marking titeldenthede · determiner, historical masculine accusativedeterminer of titeltiteltitletitel · noun, common gender, singularobject of metvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking RegentRegentRegentregent · noun, masculine singularcomplement of titel vandenthede · determiner, historical masculine accusativedeterminer of adsistent-residentadsistent-residentassistant-residentassistent-resident · noun, masculine singulardirect object of staat ... terzijdeter-zydeat the sideterzijde · adverbforms staat ... terzijdeStaat iemand terzijde means ‘stands by or assists someone.’
- 68
Such a Regent, although his relation to the government and his sphere of work are entirely those of a salaried official, always belongs to the high nobility of the land, and often to the family of the princes who in earlier times ruled independently in that territory or in the neighbourhood.
ZoodanigSuch azodanig · determinerdeterminer of RegentRegentRegentregent · noun, masculine singularsubject of behoorthoewelalthoughhoewel · subordinating conjunctionintroduces concessive clause ending at beambtezynhiszijn · possessive determinerpossessor of verhoudingverhoudingrelationverhouding · noun, common gender, singularsubject of istottotot · prepositionpreposition marking bestuurhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of bestuurbestuurgovernmentbestuur · noun, neuter, singularcomplement of verhouding totenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationzynhiszijn · possessive determinerpossessor of werkkringwerkkringsphere of workwerkkring · noun, common gender, singularcoordinated with verhoudinggeheelentirelygeheel · adverbmodifies diediethatdie · demonstrative pronounpredicate complement of isisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula linking subjects to dievanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking beambteeenaeen · determinerdeterminer of beambtebezoldigdsalariedbezoldigd · adjectivemodifies beambtebeambteofficialbeambte · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of vanbehoortbelongsbehoren · verb, present, singularmain verb of the sentencealtydalwaysaltijd · adverbmodifies behoorttottotot · prepositionpreposition marking adeldenthede · determiner, historical masculine accusativedeterminer of adelhoogenhighhoog · adjectivemodifies adeladelnobilityadel · noun, common gender, singularobject of totdesof thede · determiner, genitive singulardeterminer of landslandslandland · noun, neuter singular, genitivegenitive modifier of adelenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdikwylsoftendikwijls · adverbmodifies implied behoorttottotot · prepositionpreposition marking familiedethede · determinerdeterminer of familiefamiliefamilyfamilie · noun, common gender, singularobject of totderof thede · determiner, genitive pluraldeterminer of vorstenvorstenprincesvorst · noun, pluralgenitive modifier of familiediewhodie · relative pronoun, pluralsubject of geregeerd hebbenvroegerformerlyvroeger · adverbmodifies geregeerdininin · prepositionpreposition marking landschapdatthatdat · determinerdeterminer of landschaplandschapterritorylandschap · noun, neuter, singularoblique complement of geregeerdoforof · conjunctionlinks the coordinationininin · prepositionpreposition marking nabuurschapdethede · determinerdeterminer of nabuurschapnabuurschapneighbourhoodnabuurschap · noun, common gender, singularcoordinated with landschaponafhankelykindependentlyonafhankelijk · adverbmodifies geregeerdgeregeerdruledregeren · verb, participlemain verb of relative clause on vorstenhebbenhavehebben · auxiliary verb, present, pluralauxiliary of geregeerd - 69
Very statesmanlike use is thus made of their ancient feudal influence — which throughout Asia is of great weight, and is regarded among most tribes as a point of religion — inasmuch as, by appointing these chiefs to be officials, a hierarchy is created, at whose summit stands the Netherlands authority, exercised through the Governor-General.
ZeerVeryzeer · adverbmodifies staatkundigstaatkundigstatesmanlikestaatkundig · adverbmodifies gemaaktwordtisworden · auxiliary verb, present, singularpassive auxiliary of gemaaktalzoothusalzo · adverbmodifies gemaaktgebruikusegebruik · noun, neuter, singularsubject of passive gemaaktgemaaktmademaken · verb, participlemain verb of the sentencevanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking invloedhuntheirhun · possessive determinerpossessor of invloedaloudenancientaloud · adjectivemodifies invloedfeodalenfeudalfeodaal · adjectivemodifies invloedinvloedinfluenceinvloed · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of gebruik gemaakt vandiewhichdie · relative pronoun, singularsubject of is and wordt aangemerktininin · prepositionpreposition marking AzieAzieAsiaAzië · proper nounobject of inoverthroughoutover · prepositionpart of adverbial over 't geheel'tthehet · determiner, elideddeterminer of geheelgeheelwholegeheel · noun, neuter singularpart of adverbial over 't geheelOver ’t geheel means ‘on the whole’ or ‘throughout.’
vanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking gewichtgrootgreatgroot · adjectivemodifies gewichtgewichtweightgewicht · noun, neuter, singularpredicate complement of isisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula linking die to van groot gewichtenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbyamongbij · prepositionpreposition marking stammendethede · determinerdeterminer of stammenmeestemostveel · adjective, superlativemodifies stammenstammentribesstam · noun, pluralobject of byalsasals · prepositionpreposition marking puntpunta pointpunt · noun, neuter, singularpredicative complement of aangemerktvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking godsdienstgodsdienstreligiongodsdienst · noun, common gender, singularmodifies puntwordtisworden · auxiliary verb, present, singularpassive auxiliary of aangemerktaangemerktregardedaanmerken · verb, participlecoordinated predicate in relative clause on invloeddewylinasmuch asdewijl · subordinating conjunctionintroduces causal clause with geschapenArchaic dewijl means ‘because’ or ‘inasmuch as.’
doorbydoor · prepositionpreposition marking benoemenhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of benoemenbenoemenappointingbenoemen · nominalized infinitiveobject of doordezerthesedeze · demonstrative determiner, genitive pluraldeterminer of hoofdenhoofdenchiefshoofd · noun, pluraldirect object of benoementotastot · prepositionpreposition marking beambtenbeambtenofficialsbeambte · noun, pluralpredicative complement of benoemeneenaeen · determinerdeterminer of hierarchiehierarchiehierarchyhiërarchie · noun, common gender, singularsubject of passive geschapenwordtisworden · auxiliary verb, present, singularpassive auxiliary of geschapengeschapencreatedscheppen · verb, participlemain verb of causal clauseaanataan · prepositionpreposition marking spitswelkerwhosewelk · relative determiner, genitive singularpossessive determiner of spitsspitssummitspits · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of staathetthehet · determinerdeterminer of gezagnederlandschNetherlandsNederlands · adjectivemodifies gezaggezagauthoritygezag · noun, neuter, singularsubject of staatstaatstandsstaan · verb, present, singularmain verb of relative clause on hierarchiedatwhichdat · relative pronoun, neuter singularsubject of passive uitgeoefenddoorbydoor · prepositionpreposition marking Gouverneur-generaaldenthede · determiner, historical masculine accusativedeterminer of Gouverneur-generaalGouverneur-generaalGovernor-Generalgouverneur-generaal · noun, masculine singularagent of passive uitgeoefendwordtisworden · auxiliary verb, present, singularpassive auxiliary of uitgeoefenduitgeoefendexerciseduitoefenen · verb, participlemain verb of relative clause on gezag - 70
There is nothing new under the sun.
ErThereer · existential adverbexpletive introducing existenceisiszijn · verb, present, singularmain verb of the sentencenietsnothingniets · pronounsubject of isnieuwsnewnieuw · nominalized adjective, neuter singularmodifies nietsonderunderonder · prepositionpreposition marking zondethede · determinerdeterminer of zonzonsunzon · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of is - 71
Were not the Imperial Counts, the Margraves, the Counts of the Gau, and the Burgraves of the German Empire likewise appointed by the Emperor, and mostly chosen from among the Barons?
WerdenWereworden · auxiliary verb, past, pluralpassive auxiliary of aangesteld and gekozennietnotniet · adverbmodifies Werdendethede · determinerdeterminer of Ryks-RyksImperial Countsrijksgraaf · noun, plural, suspended compoundsubject of passive aangesteld and gekozenMarkMargravesmarkgraaf · noun, plural, suspended compoundcoordinated with RyksGauGau Countsgouwgraaf · noun, plural, suspended compoundcoordinated with Ryksenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationBurggravenBurgravesburggraaf · noun, pluralcoordinated with Ryksvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking Rykhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of RykduitscheGermanDuits · adjectivemodifies RykRykEmpirerijk · proper noun, neuter singularobject of vanevenzoolikewiseevenzo · adverbmodifies aangestelddoorbydoor · prepositionpreposition marking Keizerdenthede · determiner, historical masculine accusativedeterminer of KeizerKeizerEmperorkeizer · noun, masculine singularagent of passive aangesteldaangesteldappointedaanstellen · verb, participlemain verb of the sentenceenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmeestalmostlymeestal · adverbmodifies gekozengekozenchosenkiezen · verb, participlecoordinated with aangestelduitfrom amonguit · prepositionpreposition marking Baronnendethede · determinerdeterminer of BaronnenBaronnenBaronsbaron · noun, masculine pluralobject of uit - 72
Without a digression on the origin of the nobility, which lies wholly in nature, I should nonetheless like to make room for the observation of how, in our part of the world and yonder in the far Indies, the same causes had the same effects.
Zonderwithoutzonder · prepositionpreposition marking uitweidinguitweidinga digressionuitweiding · noun, common gender, singularhead of prepositional phraseoveronover · prepositionpreposition marking oorsprongdenthede · determiner, masculine singular, obliquedeterminer of oorsprongoorsprongoriginoorsprong · noun, common gender, singularobject of overdesof thede · determiner, masculine singular, genitivedeterminer of adelsadelsnobilityadel · noun, masculine, singular, genitivegenitive modifier of oorsprongdiewhichdie · relative pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of ligtgeheelwhollygeheel · adverbadverbial modifier of ligtininin · prepositionpreposition marking natuurdethede · determinerdeterminer of natuurnatuurnaturenatuur · noun, common gender, singularprepositional complement of ligtligtliesliggen · verb, present, third-person singularhead of relative clause modifying oorsprongwenschshould likewensen · verb, present, first-person singularmain verb of the sentenceikIik · personal pronoun, first-person singular, nominativesubject of wenschtochnonethelesstoch · adverbadverbial modifier of wenschplaatsroomplaats · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of geventetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive gevengevenmakegeven · verb, infinitiveinfinitival complement of wenschaanforaan · prepositionpreposition marking opmerkingdethede · determinerdeterminer of opmerkingopmerkingobservationopmerking · noun, common gender, singularprepositional complement of gevenhoehowhoe · subordinating adverbintroduces content clause modifying opmerkingininin · prepositionpreposition marking werelddeelònsourons · possessive determiner, first-person plural, emphaticdeterminer of werelddeelwerelddeelpart of the worldwerelddeel · noun, neuter, singularlocative complement of haddenenanden · coordinating conjunctioncoordinates locative phrasesgindsyonderginds · adverblocative adverb modifying haddenininin · prepositionpreposition marking Indie'tthehet · determiner, contracteddeterminer of Indieverrefarver · adjective, inflectedmodifies IndieIndieIndiesIndië · proper noun, neuter, singularobject of indezelfdethe samedezelfde · demonstrative determinerdeterminer of oorzakenoorzakencausesoorzaak · noun, common gender, pluralsubject of haddendezelfdethe samedezelfde · demonstrative determinerdeterminer of gevolgengevolgeneffectsgevolg · noun, neuter, pluraldirect object of haddenhaddenhadhebben · verb, past, third-person pluralmain verb of content clause introduced by hoe - 73
A country must be governed from a great distance, and for this officials are needed who represent the central authority.
Eenaeen · indefinite determinerdeterminer of landlandcountryland · noun, neuter, singularsubject of passive geregeerd wordenmoetmustmoeten · modal verb, present, third-person singularmodal auxiliary of geregeerd wordenopatop · prepositionpreposition marking afstandverrenfarver · adjective, masculine singular, obliquemodifies afstandafstanddistanceafstand · noun, masculine, singularprepositional modifier of geregeerdgeregeerdgovernedregeren · verb, past participlelexical verb of passive geregeerd wordenwordenbeworden · auxiliary verb, infinitivepassive auxiliary of geregeerdenanden · coordinating conjunctioncoordinates main clauseshiertoefor thishiertoe · pronominal adverbpurpose adjunct of zijnzynarezijn · verb, present, third-person pluralmain copular verb of coordinated clausebeambtenofficialsbeambte · noun, common gender, pluralsubject of zijnnoodigneedednodig · adjective, predicativepredicative complement of zijndiewhodie · relative pronoun, pluralsubject of vertegenwoordigen'tthehet · determiner, contracteddeterminer of gezagcentraaalcentralcentraal · adjective, inflectedmodifies gezaggezagauthoritygezag · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of vertegenwoordigenvertegenwoordigenrepresentvertegenwoordigen · verb, present, third-person pluralhead of relative clause modifying beambten - 74
Under the system of military arbitrariness, the Romans chose for this purpose the Prefects, in the beginning usually the commanders of the legions that had subdued the country in question.
Onderunderonder · prepositionpreposition marking stelselhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of stelselstelselsystemstelsel · noun, neuter, singularprepositional modifier of kozenvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking willekeurmilitairemilitarymilitair · adjective, inflectedmodifies willekeurwillekeurarbitrarinesswillekeur · noun, common gender, singularprepositional modifier of stelselkozenchosekiezen · verb, past, third-person pluralmain verb of the sentencedethede · determinerdeterminer of RomeinenRomeinenRomansRomein · proper noun, pluralsubject of kozenhiertoefor this purposehiertoe · pronominal adverbpurpose adjunct of kozendethede · determinerdeterminer of PraefectenPraefectenPrefectsprefect · noun, common gender, pluraldirect object of kozenininin · prepositionpreposition marking aanvangdenthede · determiner, masculine singular, obliquedeterminer of aanvangaanvangbeginningaanvang · noun, masculine, singularprepositional temporal modifier of kozengewoonlykusuallygewoonlijk · adverbadverbial modifier of apposition bevelhebbersdethede · determinerdeterminer of bevelhebbersbevelhebberscommandersbevelhebber · noun, common gender, pluralapposition to Praefectenderof thede · determiner, plural, genitivedeterminer of legioenenlegioenenlegionslegioen · noun, neuter, plural, genitive constructiongenitive modifier of bevelhebbersdiethatdie · relative pronoun, pluralsubject of hadden gebracht'tthehet · determiner, contracteddeterminer of landbedoeldein questionbedoelen · adjective, past-participial, inflectedmodifies landlandcountryland · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of ten-onder gebrachthaddenhadhebben · auxiliary verb, past, third-person pluralperfect auxiliary of gebrachtten-onderinto submissionten onder · separable verbal particleparticle of ten onder brengenTen-onder brengen is the historical spelling of ten onder brengen, meaning ‘to subdue’.
gebrachtbroughtbrengen · verb, past participlehead of relative clause modifying legioenen - 75
Such regions therefore remained: provinces, that is to say: conquered territories.
Zulkesuchzulk · demonstrative determiner, pluraldeterminer of landstrekenlandstrekenregionslandstreek · noun, common gender, pluralsubject of blevenblevenremainedblijven · verb, past, third-person pluralmain copular verb of the sentencedanthereforedan · adverbpart of conjunctive adverb dan ook modifying blevenookindeedook · adverbpart of conjunctive adverb dan ook modifying blevenDan ook functions together as ‘therefore’ here.
provincienprovincesprovincie · noun, common gender, pluralpredicative complement of blevendatthatdat · demonstrative pronoun, neuter singularsubject of isisis to sayzijn · verb, present, third-person singularverb in explanatory phrase dat iswingewestenconquered territorieswingewest · noun, neuter, pluralapposition explaining provincien - 76
But when, later, the central authority of the German Empire felt the need to bind some distant people to itself by other means than mere material preponderance — as soon as a remote region came to be regarded as belonging to the Empire by kinship of origin, language, and customs — the necessity made itself felt of charging someone with the conduct of affairs who not only was at home in that country, but who, by his standing, was raised above his fellow citizens in those parts, so that obedience to the Emperor's commands might be made easy through the concurrent inclination to submit to him who was charged with carrying out those commands. By this means the expense was at the same time wholly or partly avoided of a standing army at the charge of the general treasury, or, as most often happened, at the charge of the territories themselves that had to be guarded by such an army.
MaarButmaar · conjunctionlinks the sentence with preceding discoursetoenwhentoen · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the temporal clause of voeldelaterlaterlater · adverbmodifies voeldehetthehet · determiner, neuter singulardeterminer of gezagcentraalcentralcentraal · adjective, neuter singularmodifies gezaggezagauthoritygezag · noun, neuter, singularsubject of voeldedesof thede · determiner, genitive singulardeterminer of RijksduitschenGermanDuits · adjective, genitive singularmodifies RijksRyksEmpirerijk · noun, neuter, genitive singulargenitive complement of gezagbehoefteneedbehoefte · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of voeldevoeldefeltvoelen · verb, past, third-person singularmain verb of the temporal clauseeenigsomeenig · determiner, neuter singulardeterminer of volkverfarver · adverbmodifies gelegengelegensituatedliggen · past participle used adjectivallymodifies volkvolkpeoplevolk · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of bindenaantoaan · prepositionpreposition marking zichzichitselfzich · reflexive pronoun, third personobject of aantetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive bindenbindenbindbinden · verb, infinitivecomplement of behoefteopbyop · prepositionpreposition marking wijzeandereotherander · adjective, inflectedmodifies wijzewyzemeanswijze · noun, common gender, singularobject of opdanthandan · comparative conjunctionintroduces comparison with andere wijzedoorbydoor · prepositionpreposition marking overwichtstoffelykmaterialstoffelijk · adjective, neuter singularmodifies overwichtoverwichtpreponderanceoverwicht · noun, neuter, singularobject of dooralleenalonealleen · adverbfocuses stoffelijk overwichtzoodraas soon aszodra · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of beschouwdeenaeen · determiner, indefinitedeterminer of streekverwyderderemoteverwijderd · adjective, inflectedmodifies streekstreekregionstreek · noun, common gender, singularsubject of passive beschouwdwerdcame to beworden · auxiliary verb, past, third-person singularpassive auxiliary of beschouwdbeschouwdregardedbeschouwen · verb, past participlemain verb of the zodra clausealsasals · complementizerintroduces the complement te behoorendoorbydoor · prepositionpreposition marking gelijkheidgelykheidsimilaritygelijkheid · noun, common gender, singularcausal adjunct of behoorenininin · prepositionpreposition marking afkomstafkomstoriginafkomst · noun, common gender, singularobject of intaallanguagetaal · noun, common gender, singularcoordinated with afkomstenanden · conjunctionlinks taal and gewoontengewoontencustomsgewoonte · noun, common gender, pluralcoordinated with afkomsttottotot · prepositionpreposition marking Rijkhetthehet · determiner, neuter singulardeterminer of RijkRykEmpirerijk · noun, neuter, singularobject of tottetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive behoorenbehoorenbelongbehoren · verb, infinitivecomplement of beschouwd alsdeedmadedoen · verb, past, third-person singularmain verb of the sentencezichitselfzich · reflexive pronoun, third personreflexive object of gevoelendethede · determinerdeterminer of noodzakelijkheidnoodzakelykheidnecessitynoodzakelijkheid · noun, common gender, singularsubject of deedgevoelenfeltgevoelen · verb, infinitivecausative complement of deediemandsomeoneiemand · indefinite pronoundirect object of belastenmetwithmet · prepositionpreposition marking leidingdethede · determinerdeterminer of leidingleidingconductleiding · noun, common gender, singularobject of metderof thede · determiner, genitive pluraldeterminer of zakenzakenaffairszaak · noun, common gender, pluralgenitive complement of leidingtetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive belastenbelastenchargebelasten · verb, infinitiveinfinitive complement of noodzakelijkheiddiewhodie · relative pronoun, common gender singularsubject of behoorde and wasininin · prepositionpreposition marking landdatthatdat · demonstrative determiner, neuter singulardeterminer of landlandcountryland · noun, neuter, singularobject of inte-huisat homethuis · adverbpredicative complement of behoordebehoordewasbehoren · verb, past, third-person singularfirst verb of the relative clause on iemandnietnotniet · adverbpart of correlative niet alleen ... maaralleenonlyalleen · adverbpart of correlative niet alleen ... maarmaarbutmaar · conjunctionintroduces second part of niet alleen ... maardoorbydoor · prepositionpreposition marking standzynhiszijn · possessive determiner, third-person singulardeterminer of standstandstandingstand · noun, common gender, singularobject of doorbovenaboveboven · prepositionpreposition marking medeburgerszynhiszijn · possessive determiner, third-person singulardeterminer of medeburgersmedeburgersfellow citizensmedeburger · noun, common gender, pluralobject of bovenininin · prepositionpreposition marking strekendiethosedie · demonstrative determiner, pluraldeterminer of strekenstrekenpartsstreek · noun, common gender, pluralobject of inverhevenraisedverheffen · verb, past participlepast participle governed by waswaswaszijn · auxiliary verb, past, third-person singularpassive auxiliary of verhevenopdatso thatopdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces purpose clause of werdedethede · determinerdeterminer of gehoorzaamheidgehoorzaamheidobediencegehoorzaamheid · noun, common gender, singularsubject of werdeaantoaan · prepositionpreposition marking bevelendethede · determinerdeterminer of bevelenbevelencommandsbevel · noun, neuter, pluralobject of aandesof thede · determiner, genitive singulardeterminer of KeizersKeizersEmperorkeizer · noun, common gender, genitive singulargenitive complement of bevelengemakkelykeasygemakkelijk · adjective, predicativepredicative complement of werdewerdemight becomeworden · verb, subjunctive, third-person singularmain verb of the purpose clausedoorthroughdoor · prepositionpreposition marking neigingdethede · determinerdeterminer of neigingsamengaandeconcurrentsamengaan · present participle, inflectedmodifies neigingneiginginclinationneiging · noun, common gender, singularobject of doortottotot · prepositionpreposition marking onderwerpingonderwerpingsubmissiononderwerping · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of neigingaantoaan · prepositionpreposition marking hemhemhimhij · personal pronoun, third-person singular, object formobject of aandiewhodie · relative pronoun, common gender singularsubject of passive belastmetwithmet · prepositionpreposition marking uitvoeringdethede · determinerdeterminer of uitvoeringuitvoeringcarrying outuitvoering · noun, common gender, singularobject of metdezerof thesedeze · demonstrative determiner, genitive pluraldeterminer of bevelenArchaic genitive form of deze.
bevelencommandsbevel · noun, neuter, pluralgenitive complement of uitvoeringbelastchargedbelasten · verb, past participlepast participle governed by waswaswaszijn · auxiliary verb, past, third-person singularpassive auxiliary of belastHierdoorBy this meanshierdoor · pronominal adverbmodifies vermedenwerdenwereworden · auxiliary verb, past, third-person pluralpassive auxiliary of vermedendanthendan · adverbmarks the resulting situationtevensat the same timetevens · adverbmodifies vermedengeheelwhollygeheel · adverbmodifies vermedenoforof · conjunctionlinks geheel and gedeeltelijkgedeeltelykpartlygedeeltelijk · adverbcoordinated with geheeldethede · determinerdeterminer of uitgavenuitgavenexpensesuitgave · noun, common gender, pluralsubject of passive vermedenvermedenavoidedvermijden · verb, past participlemain participle of the passive clausevoorforvoor · prepositionpreposition marking legereenaeen · determiner, indefinitedeterminer of legerstaandstandingstaand · adjective, neuter singularmodifies legerlegerarmyleger · noun, neuter, singularobject of voorten-lasteat the chargeten laste · prepositional phraseintroduces the party bearing the expensederof thede · determiner, genitive singulardeterminer of staatskasalgemeenegeneralalgemeen · adjective, inflectedmodifies staatskasstaatskastreasurystaatskas · noun, common gender, singulargenitive complement of ten lasteoforof · conjunctionlinks alternative ten laste phraseszooalsaszoals · subordinating conjunctionintroduces parenthetical clause geschieddemeestalmost oftenmeestal · adverbmodifies geschieddegeschieddehappenedgeschieden · verb, past, third-person singularmain verb of parenthetical clauseten-lasteat the chargeten laste · prepositional phraseintroduces the party bearing the expensevanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking gewestendethede · determinerdeterminer of gewestengewestenterritoriesgewest · noun, neuter, pluralobject of vanzelfthemselveszelf · emphatic pronounemphasizes gewestendiethatdie · relative pronoun, pluralsubject of moesten worden bewaaktdoorbydoor · prepositionpreposition marking legerzoodanigsuch anzodanig · demonstrative adjective, neuter singularmodifies legerlegerarmyleger · noun, neuter, singularagent of passive bewaaktmoestenhad tomoeten · modal verb, past, third-person pluralmodal auxiliary of worden bewaaktbewaaktguardedbewaken · verb, past participlemain participle of relative clause on gewestenwordenbeworden · auxiliary verb, infinitivepassive auxiliary of bewaakt - 77
So the first Counts were chosen from among the Barons of the land, and strictly speaking the word "count" is therefore no title of nobility, but merely the designation of a person charged with a certain office.
ZooSozo · adverbmodifies gekozenwerdenwereworden · auxiliary verb, past, third-person pluralpassive auxiliary of gekozendethede · determinerdeterminer of Graveneerstefirsteerste · ordinal adjective, inflectedmodifies GravenGravenCountsgraaf · noun, common gender, pluralsubject of passive gekozengekozenchosenkiezen · verb, past participlemain participle of the passive clauseuitfrom amonguit · prepositionpreposition marking Baronnendethede · determinerdeterminer of BaronnenBaronnenBaronsbaron · noun, common gender, pluralobject of uitdesof thede · determiner, genitive singulardeterminer of landslandslandland · noun, neuter, genitive singulargenitive complement of Baronnenenanden · conjunctionlinks the two main clausesstriktstrictlystrikt · adverbmodifies genomengenomenspeakingnemen · verb, past participlepart of parenthetical expression strikt genomenStrikt genomen literally means ‘strictly taken’ and idiomatically means ‘strictly speaking’.
isiszijn · copular verb, present, third-person singularmain verb of second clausedusthereforedus · adverbmodifies is'tthehet · determiner, neuter singular, elideddeterminer of woordwoordwordwoord · noun, neuter, singularhead of subject phrasegraafcountgraaf · noun, common gender, singularapposition to woordgeennogeen · negative determinerdeterminer of titeladellykeof nobilityadellijk · adjective, inflectedmodifies titeltiteltitletitel · noun, common gender, singularpredicative complement of isdochbutdoch · conjunctionlinks contrasting predicative complementsslechtsmerelyslechts · adverbfocuses benamingdethede · determinerdeterminer of benamingbenamingdesignationbenaming · noun, common gender, singularpredicative complement coordinated with titelvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking persooneenaeen · determiner, indefinitedeterminer of persoonmetwithmet · prepositionpreposition marking ambtzekera certainzeker · indefinite determinerdeterminer of ambtambtofficeambt · noun, neuter, singularobject of metbelastenchargedbelasten · verb, past participle, inflectedmodifies persoonpersoonpersonpersoon · noun, common gender, singularobject of van - 78
I believe, then, that in the Middle Ages the opinion held good that the German Emperor did indeed have the right to appoint counts, that is, administrators of territories, and dukes, that is, leaders of armies, but that the Barons maintained that, as regards their birth, they were the Emperor's equals and dependent on God alone, save for the obligation to serve the Emperor in so far as he had been chosen with their consent and from among their own number. A count held an office to which the Emperor had called him.
IkIik · pronoun, nominativesubject of geloofgeloofbelievegeloven · verb, present, singularmain verb of the sentencedanthendan · adverbpart of discourse phrase dan ookookalsoook · adverbpart of discourse phrase dan ookdatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of goldininin · prepositionpreposition marking middeleeuwendethede · determinerdeterminer of middeleeuwenmiddeleeuwenMiddle Agesmiddeleeuwen · noun, pluralobject of indethede · determinerdeterminer of meeningmeeningopinionmening · noun, common gender, singularsubject of goldMeening is the nineteenth-century spelling of modern mening.
goldheld goodgelden · verb, past, singularverb of clause introduced by datdatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of haddethede · determinerdeterminer of KeizerduitscheGermanDuits · adjective, attributivemodifies KeizerKeizerEmperorkeizer · noun, common gender, singularsubject of hadwelindeedwel · adverbmodifies had'tthehet · determinerdeterminer of rechtrechtrightrecht · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of hadhadhadhebben · verb, past, singularverb of clause introduced by datgravencountsgraaf · noun, pluraldirect object of benoemend.ithat isd.i. · abbreviationintroduces apposition to gravend.i. abbreviates dat is, “that is.”
landschapsbestuurdersterritorial administratorslandschapsbestuurder · noun, pluralapposition to gravenenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhertogendukeshertog · noun, pluralcoordinated direct object of benoemend.ithat isd.i. · abbreviationintroduces apposition to hertogend.i. abbreviates dat is, “that is.”
heiraanvoerdersarmy commandersheeraanvoerder · noun, pluralapposition to hertogenHeir is an older spelling of heer in the sense “army.”
tetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive benoemenbenoemenappointbenoemen · verb, infinitiveinfinitive complement of recht haddochbutdoch · conjunctioncoordinates the two dat clausesdatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of beweerdendethede · determinerdeterminer of BaronnenBaronnenBaronsbaron · noun, pluralsubject of beweerdenbeweerdenmaintainedbeweren · verb, past, pluralverb of coordinated dat clausewatwhatwat · relative pronoundirect object of aangaathuntheirhun · possessive determinerpossessor of geboortegeboortebirthgeboorte · noun, common gender, singularsubject of aangaataangaatconcernsaangaan · verb, present, singularverb of parenthetical clauseaantoaan · prepositionpreposition complement of gelijkdenthede · determiner, masculine singular, obliquedeterminer of KeizerKeizerEmperorkeizer · noun, common gender, singularobject of aangelykequalgelijk · adjective, predicativepredicative complement of zijnGelyk is the older spelling of modern gelijk.
tetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive zijnzynbezijn · verb, infinitiveinfinitive complement of beweerdenenanden · conjunctioncoordinates zijn and af te hangenalleenonlyalleen · adverbfocuses van Godvanonvan · prepositionpreposition complement of afhangenGodGodGod · proper noun, common gender, singularobject of vanaftehangento dependafhangen · verb, infinitive with tecoordinated infinitive complement of beweerdenAf te hangen is printed as one word here; modern Dutch writes it separately.
behoudenssave forbehoudens · prepositionintroduces exception phrasedethede · determinerdeterminer of verplichtingverplichtingobligationverplichting · noun, common gender, singularobject of behoudensdenthede · determiner, masculine singular, obliquedeterminer of KeizerKeizerEmperorkeizer · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of dienentetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive dienendienenservedienen · verb, infinitiveinfinitive complement of verplichtingvoor-zoo-verinsofar asvoor zover · subordinating conjunctionintroduces limiting clauseVoor-zoo-ver is the historical spelling of modern voor zover.
dezehedeze · demonstrative pronounsubject of wasmetwithmet · prepositionpreposition marking toestemminghuntheirhun · possessive determinerpossessor of toestemmingtoestemmingconsenttoestemming · noun, common gender, singularobject of metenanden · conjunctioncoordinates met and uit phrasesuitfromuit · prepositionpreposition marking middenhuntheirhun · possessive determinerpossessor of middenmiddenmidstmidden · noun, neuter, singularobject of uitgekozenchosenkiezen · verb, participlepast participle in passive clausewaswaszijn · auxiliary verb, past, singularfinite passive auxiliary of gekozenEenAeen · determinerdeterminer of graafgraafcountgraaf · noun, common gender, singularsubject of bekleeddebekleeddeheldbekleden · verb, past, singularmain verb of the sentenceeenaneen · determinerdeterminer of ambtambtofficeambt · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of bekleeddewaartoeto whichwaartoe · relative adverbrelative complement of geroepenhemhimhem · pronoun, accusativedirect object of geroependethede · determinerdeterminer of KeizerKeizerEmperorkeizer · noun, common gender, singularsubject of geroepenhadhadhebben · auxiliary verb, past, singularauxiliary of geroepengeroepencalledroepen · verb, participlepast participle in relative clause on ambt - 79
A baron regarded himself as baron "by the grace of God." The counts represented the Emperor, and as such carried his banner, that is, the Standard of the Empire. A baron called men to arms under his own colours, as a banneret.
EenAeen · determinerdeterminer of baronbaronbaronbaron · noun, common gender, singularsubject of beschouwdebeschouwderegardedbeschouwen · verb, past, singularmain verb of the sentencezichhimselfzich · pronoun, accusative, reflexivereflexive direct object of beschouwdealsasals · prepositionintroduces predicative complementbaronbaronbaron · noun, common gender, singularpredicative complement of beschouwdedoorbydoor · prepositionpreposition marking genadedethede · determinerdeterminer of genadegenadegracegenade · noun, common gender, singularobject of doorGodsof GodGod · proper noun, genitive singulargenitive modifier of genadeDeThede · determinerdeterminer of gravengravencountsgraaf · noun, pluralsubject of vertegenwoordigdenvertegenwoordigdenrepresentedvertegenwoordigen · verb, past, pluralmain verb of the sentencedenthede · determiner, masculine singular, obliquedeterminer of KeizerKeizerEmperorkeizer · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of vertegenwoordigdenenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvoerdencarriedvoeren · verb, past, pluralcoordinated with vertegenwoordigdenalsasals · prepositionintroduces adverbial complementzoodanigsuchzodanig · demonstrative adjective, substantivizedobject of alsZoodanig is the older spelling of modern zodanig; als zodanig means “as such.”
dienshisdie · possessive determiner, masculine singularpossessor of banierbanierbannerbanier · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of voerdend.ithat isd.i. · abbreviationintroduces apposition to banierd.i. abbreviates dat is, “that is.”
denthede · determiner, masculine singular, obliquedeterminer of StandaardStandaardStandardstandaard · noun, common gender, singularapposition to baniervanofvan · prepositionpreposition modifying Standaardhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of RykRykEmpirerijk · noun, neuter, singularobject of vanEenAeen · determinerdeterminer of baronbaronbaronbaron · noun, common gender, singularsubject of brachtbrachtbroughtbrengen · verb, past, singularmain verb of the sentencevolkmenvolk · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of brachtoponop · prepositionpart of idiom op de been brengendethede · determinerpart of idiom op de been brengenbeenlegbeen · noun, neuter, singularpart of idiom op de been brengenOp de been brengen means to muster or call people to arms.
onderunderonder · prepositionpreposition marking vaanzynhiszijn · possessive determinerpossessor of vaaneigenowneigen · adjectivemodifies vaanvaancoloursvaan · noun, common gender, singularobject of onderalsasals · prepositionintroduces role complementbaanderheerbanneretbaanderheer · noun, common gender, singularobject of alsA baanderheer was a noble entitled to lead troops under his own banner.
- 80
Now the circumstance that counts and dukes were usually chosen from among the barons brought it about that they laid the weight of their office in the scale alongside the influence they derived from their birth; and from this there seems later — especially once men had grown accustomed to the heritability of these offices — to have arisen the precedence that these titles held over that of baron.
DeThede · determinerdeterminer of omstandigheidomstandigheidcircumstanceomstandigheid · noun, common gender, singularsubject of brachtnunownu · adverbdiscourse adverb modifying brachtdatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces appositive clause on omstandigheidgravencountsgraaf · noun, pluralsubject of werden gekozenenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhertogendukeshertog · noun, pluralcoordinated with gravengewoonlykusuallygewoonlijk · adverbmodifies gekozenuitfromuit · prepositionpreposition marking baronnendethede · determinerdeterminer of baronnenbaronnenbaronsbaron · noun, pluralobject of uitwerdenwereworden · auxiliary verb, past, pluralpassive auxiliary of gekozengekozenchosenkiezen · verb, participlepast participle in passive clausebrachtbroughtbrengen · verb, past, singularmain verb of the sentencete-weegaboutteweeg · adverbial particleparticle of brachtTe-weeg brengen is the historical spelling of modern teweegbrengen, “bring about.”
datthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of legdenzytheyzij · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of legdenhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of gewichtgewichtweightgewicht · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of legdenhunnerof theirhun · possessive pronoun, genitive pluralpossessor of betrekkingHunner is an older genitive form meaning “of their.”
betrekkingofficebetrekking · noun, common gender, singularhead of genitive modifier of gewichtininin · prepositionpreposition marking schaaldethede · determinerdeterminer of schaalschaalscaleschaal · noun, common gender, singularobject of inlegdenlaidleggen · verb, past, pluralverb of result clausebyalongsidebij · prepositionpreposition marking influencedenthede · determiner, masculine singular, obliquedeterminer of invloedinvloedinfluenceinvloed · noun, common gender, singularobject of bijdienwhichdie · relative pronoun, accusative singulardirect object of ontleendenzytheyzij · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ontleendenaanfromaan · prepositionpreposition marking geboortehuntheirhun · possessive determinerpossessor of geboortegeboortebirthgeboorte · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of ontleendenontleendenderivedontlenen · verb, past, pluralverb of relative clause on invloedenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhieruitfrom thishieruit · adverbsource complement of ontstaanschyntseemsschijnen · verb, present, singularfinite verb governing ontstaan te zijnSchynt is the older spelling of modern schijnt.
laterlaterlater · adverbmodifies ontstaanvooralespeciallyvooral · adverbfocuses temporal clausetoenwhentoen · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of geraaktmenonemen · pronoun, nominativesubject of geraaktaantoaan · prepositionpreposition marking erfelykheiddethede · determinerdeterminer of erfelykheiderfelykheidheritabilityerfelijkheid · noun, common gender, singularobject of aanErfelykheid is the older spelling of modern erfelijkheid.
dezerof thesedeze · demonstrative determiner, genitive pluralgenitive determiner of betrekkingenbetrekkingenofficesbetrekking · noun, pluralhead of genitive modifier of erfelijkheidwashadzijn · auxiliary verb, past, singularauxiliary of geraaktgewoonaccustomedgewoon · adjectivepredicative complement of geraaktgeraaktbecomeraken · verb, participlepast participle in temporal clausedethede · determinerdeterminer of voorrangvoorrangprecedencevoorrang · noun, common gender, singularsubject of ontstaanontstaanarisenontstaan · verb, past participlepast participle governed by schijnttetote · infinitive markermarks perfect infinitive zijnzynhavezijn · auxiliary verb, infinitiveperfect auxiliary of ontstaandienwhichdie · relative pronoun, accusative singulardirect object of haddendezethesedeze · determinerdeterminer of titelstitelstitlestitel · noun, pluralsubject of haddenhaddenheldhebben · verb, past, pluralverb of relative clause on voorrangbovenoverboven · prepositionpreposition marking barondienthatdie · demonstrative pronoun, masculine singularobject of bovenvanofvan · prepositionpreposition modifying dienbaronbaronbaron · noun, common gender, singularobject of van - 81
Even at the present day many a free-lordly family — without imperial or royal patent, that is, such a family as derives its nobility from the origin of the land itself, which was always noble because it was noble — autochthonous — would reject an elevation to the rank of count as a coming-down.
NogEvennog · adverbmodifies heden-ten-dageheden-ten-dageat the present dayheden ten dage · adverbial expressiontemporal modifier of afwijzenzouwouldzullen · auxiliary verb, past, singularmodal auxiliary of afwijzenmenigemany amenig · determinerdeterminer of familievryheerlykefree-lordlyvrijheerlijk · adjective, attributive, inflectedmodifies familiefamiliefamilyfamilie · noun, common gender, singularsubject of afwijzenzonderwithoutzonder · prepositionintroduces patentkeizerlykimperialkeizerlijk · adjective, attributivemodifies patentoforof · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkoninklykroyalkoninklijk · adjective, attributivecoordinated with keizerlijkpatentpatentpatent · noun, neuter, singularobject of zonderdatthatdat · pronoun, demonstrativesubject of isisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula linking dat to familieeenaeen · determinerdeterminer of familiezoodanigesuchzodanig · adjective, attributive, inflectedmodifies familiefamiliefamilyfamilie · noun, common gender, singularpredicate noun after isdiewhichdie · relative pronounsubject of afleidtharenitshaar · possessive determiner, archaic inflected formpossessor of adelHaren is an archaic inflected form of the possessive haar.
adelnobilityadel · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of afleidtafleidtderivesafleiden · verb, present, third-person singularrelative-clause verb modifying familievanfromvan · prepositionintroduces source of afleidthetthehet · determinerdeterminer of ontstaanontstaanoriginontstaan · nominalized infinitive, neuter, singularobject of vandesof thede · determiner, genitive singular, archaicdeterminer of landslandslandland · noun, neuter, genitive singular, archaicgenitive modifier of ontstaandiewhichdie · relative pronounsubject of wasaltydalwaysaltijd · adverbmodifies wasvanofvan · prepositionpart of predicate van adeladelnoble birthadel · noun, common gender, singularobject of van in predicate van adelwaswaszijn · verb, past, singularrelative-clause copula modifying familieomdatbecauseomdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces reason clausezeitzij · personal pronoun, third-person singularsubject of wasvanofvan · prepositionpart of predicate van adeladelnoble birthadel · noun, common gender, singularobject of van in predicate van adelwaswaszijn · verb, past, singularverb of reason clauseautochthoonautochthonousautochtoon · adjective, predicativeparenthetical characterization of familieeenaneen · determinerdeterminer of verheffingverheffingelevationverheffing · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of afwijzentottotot · prepositionintroduces resulting rankdenthede · determiner, dative singular, archaicdeterminer of gravenstandgravenstandrank of countgravenstand · noun, common gender, singularobject of totalsasals · prepositionmarks assessment of verheffingderogeerenddemeaningderogeren · present participle used adjectivallypredicative complement after alsDerogeerend means lowering in rank or dignity, hence demeaning here.
afwyzenrejectafwijzen · verb, infinitivemain verb governed by zou - 82
There are instances of it.
ErThereer · existential adverbintroduces existential clausezynarezijn · verb, present, pluralmain verb of the sentencevoorbeeldeninstancesvoorbeeld · noun, pluralsubject of zynvanof itvan · prepositioncompletes pronominal expression ervan - 83
The persons who were charged with the government of such a county naturally strove to obtain from the Emperor that their sons, or, failing these, other blood relations, should succeed them in their office.
DeThede · determinerdeterminer of personenpersonenpersonspersoon · noun, pluralsubject of trachttendiewhodie · relative pronounsubject of passive belast warenmetwithmet · prepositionpreposition marking bestuurhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of bestuurbestuurgovernmentbestuur · noun, neuter, singularoblique complement of belastvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking graafschapzoodanigsuch azodanig · adjective, attributivemodifies graafschapgraafschapcountygraafschap · noun, neuter, singularmodifies bestuurbelastchargedbelasten · past participlepredicate of passive relative clausewarenwerezijn · auxiliary verb, past, pluralpassive auxiliary of belasttrachttenstrovetrachten · verb, past, pluralmain verb of the sentencenatuurlyknaturallynatuurlijk · adverbmodifies trachttenvanfromvan · prepositionintroduces source of verkrygendenthede · determiner, dative singular, archaicdeterminer of KeizerKeizerEmperorkeizer · noun, common gender, singularobject of vantetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive verkrygenverkrygenobtainverkrijgen · verb, infinitivecomplement of trachttendatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of opvolgenhuntheirhun · possessive determinerpossessor of zoonszoonssonszoon · noun, pluralsubject of opvolgenoforof · conjunctionlinks the coordinationby-gebrekefailingbij gebreke · fixed prepositional expressionparenthetical condition modifying bloedverwantenBij gebreke daarvan is a formal expression meaning “failing these” or “in their absence.”
daarvanthesedaarvan · pronominal adverbcomplement of bij gebrekeandereotherander · adjectivemodifies bloedverwantenbloedverwantenblood relationsbloedverwant · noun, pluralcoordinated subject of opvolgenhenthemhen · personal pronoun, accusative pluraldirect object of opvolgenininin · prepositionpreposition marking betrekkinghuntheirhun · possessive determinerpossessor of betrekkingbetrekkingofficebetrekking · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of opvolgenzoudenshouldzullen · auxiliary verb, past, pluralauxiliary of opvolgenopvolgensucceedopvolgen · verb, infinitivemain verb of dat-clause governed by zouden - 84
This too usually came to pass, though I do not believe that the right to this succession was ever organically acknowledged — at least as regards these officials in the Netherlands, for example, the counts of Holland, Zeeland, Hainaut, or Flanders, the dukes of Brabant, Gelderland, and so on.
DitThisdit · pronounsubject of geschieddegeschieddecame to passgeschieden · verb, past, singularmain verb of the sentencedanthendan · adverbmodifies geschieddeooktooook · adverbmodifies geschieddegewoonlykusuallygewoonlijk · adverbmodifies geschieddeschoonthoughschoon · subordinating conjunction, archaicintroduces concessive clauseSchoon is used archaically as a conjunction meaning “though.”
ikIik · personal pronoun, nominative singularsubject of geloofnietnotniet · adverbnegates geloofgeloofbelievegeloven · verb, present, first-person singularverb of concessive clausedatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces object clause of geloofooiteverooit · adverbmodifies erkend is gewordenhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of rechtrechtrightrecht · noun, neuter, singularsubject of passive erkend is gewordenoptoop · prepositionpreposition marking opvolgingdezethisdeze · determinerdeterminer of opvolgingopvolgingsuccessionopvolging · noun, common gender, singularobject of oporganischorganicallyorganisch · adverbmodifies erkendishaszijn · auxiliary verb, present, singularpassive auxiliary of erkenderkendacknowledgederkennen · past participlelexical verb of passive constructiongewordenbeenworden · past participlepassive auxiliary completing is erkend gewordenalthansat leastalthans · adverbmodifies aangaatwatas regardswat · relative pronoun in fixed constructionsubject of aangaatdezethesedeze · determinerdeterminer of beambtenbeambtenofficialsbeambte · noun, pluraldirect object of aangaatininin · prepositionpreposition marking Nederlandendethede · determinerdeterminer of NederlandenNederlandenNetherlandsNederlanden · proper noun, pluralobject of inaangaatconcernsaangaan · verb, present, third-person singularverb of parenthetical wat-clauseby-voorbeeldfor examplebijvoorbeeld · adverbial expressionintroduces examples of beambtendethede · determinerdeterminer of gravengravencountsgraaf · noun, pluralfirst example in apposition to beambtenvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking HollandHollandHollandHolland · proper noun, neuter, singularmodifies gravenZeelandZeelandZeeland · proper noun, neuter, singularcoordinated with HollandHenegouwenHainautHenegouwen · proper noun, neuter, singularcoordinated with Hollandoforof · conjunctionlinks the coordinationVlaanderenFlandersVlaanderen · proper noun, neuter, singularcoordinated with Hollanddethede · determinerdeterminer of hertogenhertogendukeshertog · noun, pluralcoordinated example in apposition to beambtenvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking BrabantBrabantBrabantBrabant · proper noun, neuter, singularmodifies hertogenGelderlandGelderlandGelderland · proper noun, neuter, singularcoordinated with Brabantenzand so onenzovoorts · abbreviationcloses the list - 85
In the beginning it was a favour, soon a custom, and at last a necessity, but never did this heritability become law.
HetIthet · personal pronoun, neuter singularsubject of waswaswaszijn · verb, past, singularcopula linking Het to predicate nounsininin · prepositionintroduces temporal phrasedenthede · determiner, dative singular, archaicdeterminer of beginnebeginnebeginningbegin · noun, neuter, dative singular, archaicobject of inIn den beginne is an archaic fixed expression meaning “in the beginning.”
eenaeen · determinerdeterminer of gunstgunstfavourgunst · noun, common gender, singularpredicate noun after wasweldrasoonweldra · adverbtemporal modifier of omitted waseenaeen · determinerdeterminer of gewoontegewoontecustomgewoonte · noun, common gender, singularcoordinated predicate noun after wasenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationten-slotteat lastten slotte · adverbial expressiontemporal modifier of omitted waseenaeen · determinerdeterminer of noodzakelykheidnoodzakelykheidnecessitynoodzakelijkheid · noun, common gender, singularcoordinated predicate noun after wasmaarbutmaar · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnooitnevernooit · adverbmodifies werdwerdbecameworden · verb, past, singularcopular main verb of second clausedezethisdeze · determinerdeterminer of erfelykheiderfelykheidheritabilityerfelijkheid · noun, common gender, singularsubject of werdwetlawwet · noun, common gender, singularpredicate noun after werd - 86
In nearly the same manner — as regards the choice of the persons, for here there is no question of equality in the sphere of work, although in this respect too a certain correspondence catches the eye — there stands at the head of a district on Java a native official who combines the rank given him by the government with his autochthonous influence, in order to make the administration easy for the European official who represents the Netherlands authority.
NagenoegNearlynagenoeg · adverbmodifies op gelijke wijzeopinop · prepositionintroduces manner phrasegelykethe samegelijk · adjective, attributive, inflectedmodifies wyzewyzemannerwijze · noun, common gender, singularobject of op; manner modifier of staatwatas regardswat · relative pronoun in fixed constructionsubject of aangaatdethede · determinerdeterminer of keuskeuschoicekeus · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of aangaatderof thede · determiner, genitive plural, archaicdeterminer of personenpersonenpersonspersoon · noun, pluralgenitive modifier of keusaangaatconcernsaangaan · verb, present, third-person singularverb of parenthetical wat-clausedaarfordaar · subordinating conjunction, causalintroduces explanatory clausehierherehier · adverblocative modifier of isgeennogeen · determinerdeterminer of spraakspraakquestionspraak · noun, common gender, singularsubject of isGeen spraak zijn van is an older expression meaning “there is no question of.”
isiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula of explanatory clausevanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking gelykheidgelykheidequalitygelijkheid · noun, common gender, singularobject of vanininin · prepositionpreposition marking werkkringwerkkringsphere of workwerkkring · noun, common gender, singularobject of inhoewelalthoughhoewel · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of valtooktooook · adverbmodifies in dit opzichtininin · prepositionpreposition marking opzichtditthisdit · determinerdeterminer of opzichtopzichtrespectopzicht · noun, neuter, singularobject of inzekerea certainzeker · adjectivemodifies overeenstemmingovereenstemmingcorrespondenceovereenstemming · noun, common gender, singularsubject of valtininin · prepositionpart of idiom in het oog vallen'tthehet · determiner, contracteddeterminer of oogoogeyeoog · noun, neuter, singularpart of idiom in het oog vallenvaltcatchesvallen · verb, present, singularverb of concessive clauseIn het oog vallen is an idiom meaning “to catch the eye.”
staatstandsstaan · verb, present, singularmain verb of the sentenceaanataan · prepositionintroduces locative phrase aan het hoofdhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of hoofdhoofdheadhoofd · noun, neuter, singularobject of aaneenerof aeen · determiner, genitive feminine singular, archaicdeterminer of afdeelingafdeelingdistrictafdeling · noun, common gender, singulargenitive modifier of hoofdoponop · prepositionpreposition marking JavaJavaJavaJava · proper nounobject of opeenaeen · determinerdeterminer of beambteinlandschnativeinlands · adjective, attributivemodifies beambtebeambteofficialbeambte · noun, common gender, singularsubject of staatdiewhodie · relative pronounsubject of verbindtdenthede · determiner, accusative singular, archaicdeterminer of ranghemhimhij · personal pronoun, dative singularindirect object of gegevendoorbydoor · prepositionpreposition marking gouvernementhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of gouvernementgouvernementgovernmentgouvernement · noun, neuter, singularagent of gegevengegevengivengeven · past participleparticipial clause modifying rangrangrankrang · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of verbindtmetwithmet · prepositionintroduces second complement of verbindtzijnhiszijn · possessive determinerpossessor of invloedautochthoonenautochthonousautochtoon · adjective, attributive, inflectedmodifies invloedinvloedinfluenceinvloed · noun, common gender, singularobject of metverbindtcombinesverbinden · verb, present, third-person singularrelative clause on beambteomin order toom · subordinating conjunction in purpose infinitiveintroduces purpose clauseaanforaan · prepositionmarks beneficiary of makendenthede · determiner, dative singular, archaicdeterminer of ambtenaareuropeschenEuropeanEuropees · adjective, attributive, inflectedmodifies ambtenaarambtenaarofficialambtenaar · noun, common gender, singularbeneficiary of makendiewhodie · relative pronounsubject of vertegenwoordigt'tthehet · determiner, contracteddeterminer of gezagnederlandschDutchNederlands · adjective, attributivemodifies gezaggezagauthoritygezag · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of vertegenwoordigtvertegenwoordigtrepresentsvertegenwoordigen · verb, present, singularrelative clause on ambtenaarhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of bestuurbestuuradministrationbestuur · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of makengemakkelykeasygemakkelijk · adjective, predicativeobject complement of bestuurtetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive makenmakenmakemaken · verb, infinitiveverb of purpose clause - 87
Here too the heritability, without having been established by a law, has become a custom.
Ooktooook · adverbmodifies hierhierherehier · adverbmodifies gewordenishaszijn · auxiliary verb, present, singularperfect auxiliary of gewordendethede · determinerdeterminer of erfelykheiderfelykheidheritabilityerfelijkheid · noun, common gender, singularsubject of gewordenzonderwithoutzonder · prepositionintroduces the infinitival clause vastgesteld te zyndoorbydoor · prepositionmarks the agent weteenaeen · determinerdeterminer of wetwetlawwet · noun, common gender, singularagent of vastgesteldvastgesteldestablishedvaststellen · verb, past participlepassive participle governed by zyntetote · infinitive markermarks the infinitive zynzynbezijn · auxiliary verb, infinitivepassive auxiliary of vastgesteldtotintotot · prepositionintroduces the result complement een gewoonteeenaeen · determinerdeterminer of gewoontegewoontecustomgewoonte · noun, common gender, singularresult complement of gewordengewordenbecomeworden · verb, past participlemain verb of the sentence - 88
Even during the Regent's lifetime this matter is usually settled, and it counts as a reward for diligence and loyalty in office if he is given the promise that he shall be succeeded in his post by his son.
Reedsevenreeds · adverbmodifies geregeldbyduringbij · prepositionintroduces the time phrase het levenhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of levenlevenlifetimeleven · noun, neuter, singularobject of byvanofvan · prepositionintroduces the possessor den Regentdenthede · determiner, archaic masculine singulardeterminer of RegentRegentRegentregent · noun, common gender, singularpossessor modifying levenisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula linking zaak to geregelddezethisdeze · demonstrative determinerdeterminer of zaakzaakmatterzaak · noun, common gender, singularsubject of ismeestalusuallymeestal · adverbmodifies geregeldgeregeldsettledgeregeld · adjective, predicativepredicative complement of isenanden · coordinating conjunctionlinks is geregeld and geldt'tithet · pronoun, neuter singularsubject of geldtgeldtcountsgelden · verb, present, singularmain verb of the second coordinated clausealsasals · prepositionintroduces the complement een belooningeenaeen · determinerdeterminer of belooningbelooningrewardbeloning · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of geldtvoorforvoor · prepositionintroduces the grounds for the rewarddienstyverdiligencedienstijver · noun, common gender, singularobject of voorenanden · coordinating conjunctionlinks dienstyver and trouwtrouwloyaltytrouw · noun, common gender, singularcoordinated object of voorindienifindien · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the conditional clause men ... geeftmenonemen · indefinite pronoun, nominativesubject of geefthemhimhij · personal pronoun, dative, masculine singularindirect object of geeftdethede · determinerdeterminer of toezeggingtoezeggingpromisetoezegging · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of geeftgeeftgivesgeven · verb, present, singularmain verb of the conditional clausedatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the content clause modifying toezegginghyhehij · personal pronoun, nominative, masculine singularsubject of zal worden opgevolgdininin · prepositionintroduces the post in which he is succeededzijnhiszijn · possessive determiner, third-person singularpossessor of betrekkingbetrekkingpostbetrekking · noun, common gender, singularobject of in, modifying opgevolgddoorbydoor · prepositionmarks the agent zyn zoonzynhiszijn · possessive determiner, third-person singularpossessor of zoonzoonsonzoon · noun, common gender, singularagent of opgevolgdzalshallzullen · auxiliary verb, present, singularmodal auxiliary of worden opgevolgdwordenbeworden · auxiliary verb, infinitivepassive auxiliary of opgevolgdopgevolgdsucceededopvolgen · verb, past participlemain verb of the content clause - 89
There must be very weighty reasons indeed before one departs from this rule, and where this should be the case, one still usually chooses the successor from among the members of the same family.
Erthereer · existential adverbexpletive introducing the existential clausemoetenmustmoeten · modal verb, present, pluralmodal auxiliary of bestaanalindeedal · adverbadds emphasis to zeer gewichtigezeerveryzeer · adverbmodifies gewichtigegewichtigeweightygewichtig · adjective, attributive, pluralmodifies redenenredenenreasonsreden · noun, common gender, pluralsubject of bestaanbestaanexistbestaan · verb, infinitivemain verb governed by moetenvoorbeforevoor · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the temporal clause er ... wordt afgewekenerthereer · expletive adverbexpletive in impersonal passivevanfromvan · prepositionintroduces the complement dezen regeldezenthisdeze · demonstrative determiner, archaic masculine singulardeterminer of regelregelruleregel · noun, common gender, singularobject of vanwordtisworden · auxiliary verb, present, singularpassive auxiliary of afgewekenafgewekendepartedafwijken · verb, past participlemain verb of the temporal clauseenanden · coordinating conjunctionlinks the two main clauseswaarwherewaar · subordinating adverbintroduces the conditional-locative clauseditthisdit · demonstrative pronoun, neuter singularsubject of wezenhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of gevalgevalcasegeval · noun, neuter, singularpredicative complement of wezenwezenbezijn · verb, infinitivemain verb governed by mochtmochtshouldmogen · modal verb, past, singularmodal auxiliary of wezenkiestchooseskiezen · verb, present, singularmain verb of the second main clausemenonemen · indefinite pronoun, nominativesubject of kiesttochstilltoch · adverbmodifies kiestgewoonlykusuallygewoonlijk · adverbmodifies kiestdenthede · determiner, archaic masculine singulardeterminer of opvolgeropvolgersuccessoropvolger · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of kiestuitfrom amonguit · prepositionintroduces the source group de ledendethede · determinerdeterminer of ledenledenmemberslid · noun, neuter, pluralobject of uitvanofvan · prepositionintroduces the complement dezelfde familiedezelfdethe samedezelfde · demonstrative determinerdeterminer of familiefamiliefamilyfamilie · noun, common gender, singularobject of van, modifying leden - 90
The relation between European officials and such high-placed Javanese grandees is of a very delicate nature.
DeThede · determinerdeterminer of verhoudingverhoudingrelationverhouding · noun, common gender, singularsubject of istusschenbetweentussen · prepositionintroduces the parties to the relationeuropescheEuropeanEuropees · adjective, attributive, pluralmodifies ambtenarenambtenarenofficialsambtenaar · noun, common gender, pluralfirst object of tusschenenanden · coordinating conjunctionlinks ambtenaren and grootendusdanigesuchdusdanig · adjective, attributive, pluralmodifies grootenhooggeplaatstehigh-placedhooggeplaatst · adjective, attributive, pluralmodifies grootenjavaanscheJavaneseJavaans · adjective, attributive, pluralmodifies grootengrootengrandeesgroot · substantivized adjective, common gender, pluralsecond object of tusschenisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula linking verhouding to van zeer kieschen aardvanofvan · prepositionintroduces the predicative phrase zeer kieschen aardzeerveryzeer · adverbmodifies kieschenkieschendelicatekies · adjective, archaic inflected singularmodifies aardaardnatureaard · noun, common gender, singularobject of van and predicative complement of is - 91
The assistant-resident of a district is the responsible person. He has his instructions, and is supposed to be the head of the district.
DeThede · determinerdeterminer of adsistent-residentadsistent-residentassistant-residentassistent-resident · noun, common gender, singularsubject of iseenerof aeen · determiner, archaic genitive feminine singulardeterminer of afdeeling in a genitive phraseafdeelingdistrictafdeling · noun, common gender, singular, genitivegenitive modifier of adsistent-residentisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula linking adsistent-resident to persoondethede · determinerdeterminer of persoonverantwoordelykeresponsibleverantwoordelijk · adjective, attributive, singularmodifies persoonpersoonpersonpersoon · noun, common gender, singularpredicative complement of isHyHehij · personal pronoun, nominative, masculine singularsubject of heeft and wordt verondersteldheefthashebben · verb, present, singularmain verb of the first coordinated predicatezynhiszijn · possessive determiner, third-person singularpossessor of instruktieninstruktieninstructionsinstructie · noun, common gender, pluraldirect object of heeftenanden · coordinating conjunctionlinks heeft and wordt verondersteldwordtisworden · auxiliary verb, present, singularpassive auxiliary of verondersteldverondersteldsupposedveronderstellen · verb, past participlemain verb of the second coordinated predicatehetthehet · determinerdeterminer of hoofdhoofdheadhoofd · noun, neuter, singularpredicative complement of zynderof thede · determiner, archaic genitive feminine singulardeterminer of afdeeling in a genitive phraseafdeelingdistrictafdeling · noun, common gender, singular, genitivegenitive modifier of hoofdtetote · infinitive markermarks the infinitive zynzynbezijn · verb, infinitivehead of the infinitival complement of verondersteld - 92
This does not, however, prevent the Regent — through local knowledge, through birth, through influence over the population, through pecuniary income and the manner of living that goes with it — from being raised far above him.
DitThisdit · demonstrative pronoun, neuter singularsubject of beletbeletpreventsbeletten · verb, present, singularmain verb of the sentenceechterhoweverechter · adverbmodifies beletnietnotniet · adverbnegates beletdatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the complement clause of beletdethede · determinerdeterminer of RegentRegentRegentregent · noun, common gender, singularsubject of verheven isdoorthroughdoor · prepositionintroduces the first cause of verheven isplaatselykelocalplaatselijk · adjective, attributive, singularmodifies kenniskennisknowledgekennis · noun, common gender, singularobject of doordoorthroughdoor · prepositionintroduces the second cause of verheven isgeboortebirthgeboorte · noun, common gender, singularobject of doordoorthroughdoor · prepositionintroduces the third cause of verheven isinvloedinfluenceinvloed · noun, common gender, singularobject of dooropoverop · prepositionintroduces the object of invloeddethede · determinerdeterminer of bevolkingbevolkingpopulationbevolking · noun, common gender, singularobject of op, modifying invloeddoorthroughdoor · prepositionintroduces the fourth cause of verheven isgeldelykepecuniarygeldelijk · adjective, attributive, pluralmodifies inkomsteninkomstenincomeinkomst · noun, common gender, pluralobject of doorenanden · coordinating conjunctionlinks inkomsten and levenswyzehiermedewith ithiermee · pronominal adverbcomplement of overeenstemmendeovereenstemmendecorrespondingovereenstemmen · present participle, attributive, singularmodifies levenswyzelevenswyzemanner of livinglevenswijze · noun, common gender, singularcoordinated object of door with inkomstenverfarver · adverbmodifies bovenbovenaboveboven · prepositionintroduces the complement hemhemhimhij · personal pronoun, accusative, masculine singularobject of bovenverhevenraisedverheven · adjective, predicativepredicative complement of isisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula linking Regent to verheven - 93
Moreover the Regent, as representative of the Javanese element of a region, and supposed to speak in the name of the hundred or more thousand souls who people his regency, is also in the eyes of the Government a far more important person than the simple European official, whose discontent need not be feared, since many others can be got to take his place, whereas the less good humour of a Regent might perhaps become the seed of unrest or revolt. From all this, then, flows the strange circumstance that in reality the inferior commands the superior.
BovendienMoreoverbovendien · adverbsentence adverb modifying isisiszijn · verb, present, third-person singularcopula linking Regent to persoondethede · determiner, definitedeterminer of RegentRegentRegentregent · noun, common gender, singularsubject of isalsasals · prepositionintroduces predicative adjunct vertegenwoordigervertegenwoordigerrepresentativevertegenwoordiger · noun, common gender, singularpredicative adjunct to Regentvanofvan · prepositionintroduces complement of vertegenwoordiger'tthehet · determiner, definite, contracteddeterminer of elementjavaanschJavaneseJavaans · adjective, attributive, historical spellingmodifies elementelementelementelement · noun, neuter, singularcomplement of vaneenerof aeen · determiner, indefinite, feminine genitive singular, archaicdeterminer of landstreeklandstreekregionlandstreek · noun, common gender, singulargenitive modifier of elementenanden · conjunctioncoordinates adjuncts to Regentverondersteldsupposedveronderstellen · verb, past participlepart of passive participial adjunct to Regentwordendebeingworden · auxiliary verb, present participlepassive auxiliary of verondersteldtetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive sprekensprekenspeakspreken · verb, infinitiveinfinitival complement of veronderstelduitinuit · prepositionpart of idiom uit naam vannaamthe namenaam · noun, common gender, singularpart of idiom uit naam vanderof thede · determiner, definite, genitive plural, archaicdeterminer of zielenhonderdhundredhonderd · numeralfirst element of coordinated quantifier of zielenoforof · conjunctioncoordinates honderd and meer duizendmeermoremeer · quantifying adverbmodifies duizendduizendthousandduizend · numeralquantifies zielenzielensoulsziel · noun, common gender, pluralgenitive complement of naamdiewhodie · relative pronoun, pluralsubject of bevolkenzynhiszijn · possessive determiner, third-person singular, historical spellingpossessor of regentschapregentschapregencyregentschap · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of bevolkenbevolkenpeoplebevolken · verb, present, third-person pluralverb of relative clause modifying zielenookalsoook · adverbmodifies isininin · prepositionintroduces viewpoint adjunctdethede · determiner, definitedeterminer of oogenoogeneyesoog · noun, neuter, plural, historical spellingobject of in in viewpoint phrasevanofvan · prepositionintroduces possessor of oogen'tthehet · determiner, definite, contracteddeterminer of GouvernementGouvernementGovernmentgouvernement · noun, neuter, singularcomplement of vaneenaeen · determiner, indefinitedeterminer of persoonveelfarveel · degree adverbmodifies belangrykerbelangrykermore importantbelangrijk · adjective, comparative, historical spellingmodifies persoonpersoonpersonpersoon · noun, common gender, singularpredicative complement of isdanthandan · comparative conjunctionintroduces comparative complement of belangrykerdethede · determiner, definitedeterminer of beambteeenvoudigesimpleeenvoudig · adjective, attributivemodifies beambteeuropescheEuropeanEuropees · adjective, attributive, historical spellingmodifies beambtebeambteofficialbeambte · noun, common gender, singularcomparative complement of belangrykerwienswhosewie · relative possessive pronoun, masculine singularpossessor of ontevredenheidontevredenheiddiscontentontevredenheid · noun, common gender, singularsubject of behoeftnietnotniet · adverb of negationnegates behoeftbehoeftneedbehoeven · verb, present, third-person singularverb of relative clause modifying beambtegevreesdfearedvrezen · verb, past participlelexical verb of passive infinitivetetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive wordenwordenbeworden · auxiliary verb, infinitivepassive auxiliary of gevreesddaarsincedaar · subordinating conjunction, causalintroduces causal clausemenonemen · indefinite pronoun, singularsubject of kan bekomenvoorforvoor · prepositionintroduces replacement complement hemhemhimhij · personal pronoun, third-person singular, object formobject of voorvelemanyveel · indefinite quantifier, pluraldetermines substantivized anderenanderenothersander · substantivized adjective, pluraldirect object of bekomenininin · prepositionpart of phrase in de plaatsdethede · determiner, definitedeterminer of plaatsplaatsplaceplaats · noun, common gender, singularobject of inbekomengetbekomen · verb, infinitivelexical complement of kankancankunnen · modal verb, present, third-person singularfinite verb governing bekomenterwylwhereasterwijl · subordinating conjunction, historical spellingintroduces contrastive subordinate clausedethede · determiner, definitedeterminer of stemmingminderlessminder · degree adverb, comparativemodifies goedegoedegoodgoed · adjective, attributivemodifies stemmingstemminghumourstemming · noun, common gender, singularsubject of zou kunnen wordenvanofvan · prepositionintroduces possessor of stemmingeenaeen · determiner, indefinitedeterminer of RegentRegentRegentregent · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of vanwellichtperhapswellicht · adverbmodifies zou kunnen wordendethede · determiner, definitedeterminer of kiemkiemseedkiem · noun, common gender, singularpredicative complement of wordenzoumightzullen · modal auxiliary, past, third-person singularfinite auxiliary governing kunnen wordenkunnenbe able tokunnen · modal verb, infinitivemodal complement of zouwordenbecomeworden · verb, infinitivecopula linking stemming to kiemvanofvan · prepositionintroduces complement of kiemberoeringunrestberoering · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of vanoforof · conjunctioncoordinates beroering and opstandopstandrevoltopstand · noun, common gender, singularcoordinated complement of vanUitFromuit · prepositionintroduces source adjunct of vloeit voortditthisdit · demonstrative determinerdeterminer of allesallesallalles · indefinite pronounobject of uitvloeitflowsvoortvloeien · verb, present, third-person singularfinite part of separable verb voortvloeiendusthendus · adverbmodifies vloeit voortdethede · determiner, definitedeterminer of omstandigheidvreemdestrangevreemd · adjective, attributivemodifies omstandigheidomstandigheidcircumstanceomstandigheid · noun, common gender, singularsubject of vloeit voortvoortforthvoort · separable verb particleparticle of vloeit in voortvloeiendatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces content clause modifying omstandigheideigenlykin realityeigenlijk · adverb, historical spellingmodifies beveeltdethede · determiner, definitedeterminer of minderemindereinferiormindere · noun, common gender, singularsubject of beveeltdenthede · determiner, definite, masculine accusative singular, archaicdeterminer of meerderemeerderesuperiormeerdere · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of beveeltbeveeltcommandsbevelen · verb, present, third-person singularverb of content clause - 94
The assistant-resident orders the Regent to make returns to him. He orders him to send out men for the labour on bridges and roads.
DeThede · determiner, definitedeterminer of adsistent-residentadsistent-residentassistant-residentassistent-resident · noun, common gender, singular, historical spellingsubject of gelastgelastordersgelasten · verb, present, third-person singularmain verb of the sentencedenthede · determiner, definite, masculine accusative singular, archaicdeterminer of RegentRegentRegentregent · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of gelast and understood subject of doenhemto himhij · personal pronoun, third-person singular, object formindirect object of doenopgavenreturnsopgave · noun, common gender, pluraldirect object of doentetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive doendoenmakedoen · verb, infinitiveinfinitival complement of gelastHyHehij · personal pronoun, third-person singular, nominative, historical spellingsubject of gelastgelastordersgelasten · verb, present, third-person singularmain verb of the sentencehemhimhij · personal pronoun, third-person singular, object formdirect object of gelast and understood subject of zendenvolkmenvolk · noun, neuter, singular, collectivedirect object of zendentetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive zendenzendensend outzenden · verb, infinitiveinfinitival complement of gelasttotfortot · prepositionintroduces purpose phrasehetthehet · determiner, definitenominalizes arbeidenarbeidenlabourarbeiden · verb, infinitive used nominallyobject of totaanonaan · prepositionintroduces complement of arbeidenbruggenbridgesbrug · noun, common gender, pluralobject of aanenanden · conjunctioncoordinates bruggen and wegenwegenroadsweg · noun, common gender, pluralcoordinated object of aan - 95
He orders him to have taxes collected. He calls upon him to take his seat in the district court, over which he, the assistant-resident, presides.
HyHehij · personal pronoun, third-person singular, nominative, historical spellingsubject of gelastgelastordersgelasten · verb, present, third-person singularmain verb of the sentencehemhimhij · personal pronoun, third-person singular, object formdirect object of gelast and understood subject of doenbelastingentaxesbelasting · noun, common gender, pluraldirect object of innentetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive doendoenhavedoen · causative verb, infinitiveinfinitival complement of gelast governing inneninnencollectedinnen · verb, infinitivelexical complement of causative doenHyHehij · personal pronoun, third-person singular, nominative, historical spellingsubject of roept oproeptcallsoproepen · verb, present, third-person singularfinite part of separable verb oproepenhemhimhij · personal pronoun, third-person singular, object formdirect object of roept op and understood subject of nemenopuponop · separable verb particleparticle of roept in oproepenzittinga seatzitting · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of nementetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive nemennementakenemen · verb, infinitiveinfinitival complement of roept opininin · prepositionintroduces location of zitting nemendenthede · determiner, definite, masculine dative singular, archaicdeterminer of landraadlandraaddistrict courtlandraad · noun, common gender, singularobject of inwaarinover whichwaarin · relative pronominal adverbprepositional complement of voorzit referring to landraadhyhehij · personal pronoun, third-person singular, nominative, historical spellingsubject of voorzitadsistent-residentthe assistant-residentassistent-resident · noun, common gender, singular, historical spellingapposition to hyvoorzitpresidesvoorzitten · verb, present, third-person singularverb of relative clause modifying landraad - 96
He reprimands him where he is guilty of dereliction of duty. This very peculiar relation is made workable only by extremely courteous forms, which nonetheless need exclude neither cordiality nor, where it should prove necessary, severity; and I believe that the tone that must prevail in this relation is fairly well indicated in the official prescription bearing upon it: the European official is to treat the native official who stands at his side as his younger brother.
HyHehij · personal pronoun, third-person singular, nominative, historical spellingsubject of berisptberisptreprimandsberispen · verb, present, third-person singularmain verb of the sentencehemhimhij · personal pronoun, third-person singular, object formdirect object of berisptwaarwherewaar · subordinating adverbintroduces circumstance in which berispt applieshyhehij · personal pronoun, third-person singular, nominative, historical spellingsubject of isschuldigguiltyschuldig · adjective, predicativesubject complement of isisiszijn · verb, present, third-person singularcopula linking hy to schuldigaanofaan · prepositionintroduces complement of schuldigplichtverzuimdereliction of dutyplichtverzuim · noun, neuter, singularcomplement of aanDezeThisdeze · demonstrative determinerdeterminer of verhoudingzeerveryzeer · degree adverbmodifies eigenaardigeeigenaardigepeculiareigenaardig · adjective, attributivemodifies verhoudingverhoudingrelationverhouding · noun, common gender, singularsubject of passive wordt gemaaktwordtisworden · auxiliary verb, present, third-person singularpassive auxiliary of gemaaktalleenonlyalleen · adverbfocuses door uiterst beleefde vormenmogelykworkablemogelijk · adjective, predicative, historical spellingresult complement of gemaaktgemaaktmademaken · verb, past participlemain participle of passive predicatedoorbydoor · prepositionintroduces means of gemaaktuiterstextremelyuiterst · degree adverbmodifies beleefdebeleefdecourteousbeleefd · adjective, attributivemodifies vormenvormenformsvorm · noun, common gender, pluralobject of doordiewhichdie · relative pronoun, pluralsubject of behoevenevenwelnonethelessevenwel · adverbmodifies behoeven uittesluitennochneithernoch · correlative conjunctionfirst element of noch ... nochhartelykheidcordialityhartelijkheid · noun, common gender, singular, historical spellingfirst direct object of uittesluitennochnornoch · correlative conjunctioncoordinates hartelykheid and strengheidwaarwherewaar · subordinating adverbintroduces parenthetical circumstance modifying strengheid'tithet · personal pronoun, neuter singular, contractedsubject of blykennoodignecessarynodig · adjective, predicative, historical spellingsubject complement with blykenblykenproveblijken · verb, infinitive, historical spellinginfinitival complement of mochtmochtshouldmogen · modal verb, past, third-person singularfinite modal governing blykenstrengheidseveritystrengheid · noun, common gender, singularsecond direct object of uittesluitenbehoevenneedbehoeven · verb, present, third-person pluralfinite verb of relative clause modifying vormenuittesluitenexcludeuitsluiten · verb, infinitive, historical closed spellinginfinitival complement of behoevenenanden · conjunctioncoordinates geloof with preceding sentenceikIik · personal pronoun, first-person singular, nominativesubject of geloofgeloofbelievegeloven · verb, present, first-person singularmain verb of coordinated clausedatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces complement clause of geloofdethede · determiner, definitedeterminer of toontoontonetoon · noun, common gender, singularsubject of passive wordt aangegevendiethatdie · relative pronoun, singularsubject of moet heerschenininin · prepositionintroduces domain of heerschendezethisdeze · demonstrative determinerdeterminer of verhoudingverhoudingrelationverhouding · noun, common gender, singularobject of inheerschenprevailheersen · verb, infinitive, historical spellinglexical complement of moetmoetmustmoeten · modal verb, present, third-person singularfinite verb governing heerschenvryfairlyvrij · degree adverb, historical spellingmodifies welwelwellwel · adverbmodifies aangegeven with vrywordtisworden · auxiliary verb, present, third-person singularpassive auxiliary of aangegevenaangegevenindicatedaangeven · verb, past participlemain participle of passive complement clauseininin · prepositionintroduces source of indicated tone'tthehet · determiner, definite, contracteddeterminer of voorschriftofficieelofficialofficieel · adjective, attributive, uninflectedmodifies voorschriftvoorschriftprescriptionvoorschrift · noun, neuter, singularobject of indienaangaandebearing upon itdienaangaande · adverb, formalmodifies voorschriftdethede · determiner, definitedeterminer of ambtenaareuropescheEuropeanEuropees · adjective, attributive, historical spellingmodifies ambtenaarambtenaarofficialambtenaar · noun, common gender, singularsubject of hebbehebbeis tohebben · verb, present subjunctive, third-person singularfinite verb expressing prescription and governing behandelendenthede · determiner, definite, masculine accusative singular, archaicdeterminer of beambteinlandschennativeinlands · adjective, attributive, masculine accusative singular, archaicmodifies beambtebeambteofficialbeambte · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of behandelendiewhodie · relative pronoun, singularsubject of staathemhimhij · personal pronoun, third-person singular, object formindirect object in ter zijde staanter-zydeat the sideterzijde · adverb, historical spelling and hyphenationadverbial complement of staatstaatstandsstaan · verb, present, third-person singularverb of relative clause modifying beambtetetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive behandelenbehandelentreatbehandelen · verb, infinitiveinfinitival complement of hebbealsasals · prepositionintroduces predicative complement of behandelenzynhiszijn · possessive determiner, third-person singular, historical spellingpossessor of broederjongeryoungerjong · adjective, comparative, attributivemodifies broederbroederbrotherbroeder · noun, common gender, singularpredicative complement introduced by als - 97
But let him not forget that this younger brother is much beloved — or feared — by the parents, and that, should a dispute arise, his greater years would be reckoned against him as ground for taking it amiss that he had not treated his younger brother with more forbearance or tact.
MaarButmaar · conjunctionintroduces the clause of vergetehyhehij · pronoun, nominative, singularsubject of vergetevergetelet forgetvergeten · verb, present subjunctive, singularmain verb of the sentencenietnotniet · adverbnegates vergetedatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of isdezethisdeze · demonstrative determinerdeterminer of broederjongeryoungerjong · adjective, comparative, uninflectedmodifies broederbroederbrotherbroeder · noun, masculine, singularsubject of isbybybij · prepositionpreposition marking oudersdethede · determinerdeterminer of oudersoudersparentsouder · noun, pluralagent of bemind and gevreesdzeermuchzeer · adverbmodifies bemindbemindbelovedbeminnen · verb, past participlepredicative complement of isoforof · conjunctioncoordinates gevreesd with bemindgevreesdfearedvrezen · verb, past participlepredicative complement of is, coordinated with bemindisiszijn · auxiliary verb, present, singularpassive auxiliary of bemind and gevreesdenanden · conjunctioncoordinates the two dat clausesdatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gebrachtbyin the event ofbij · prepositionintroduces the conditional phrase bij voorkomend geschilIn bij voorkomend geschil, literally ‘in the event of a dispute.’
voorkomendarisingvoorkomen · verb, present participle, attributivemodifies geschilgeschila disputegeschil · noun, neuter, singularobject of bijzynhiszijn · possessive determiner, singularpossessor of jarenmeerderegreatermeer · adjective, comparative, inflectedmodifies jarenjarenyearsjaar · noun, neuter, pluralsubject of passive gebrachtzoudenwouldzullen · auxiliary verb, past, pluralmodal auxiliary of worden gebrachtwordenbeworden · auxiliary verb, infinitivepassive auxiliary of gebrachtinintoin · prepositionpart of in rekening brengenrekeningaccountrekening · noun, feminine, singularpart of in rekening brengengebrachtreckonedbrengen · verb, past participlemain verb of the second dat clausealsasals · prepositionmarks the capacity of beweegredenbeweegredengroundbeweegreden · noun, feminine, singularcomplement of alsomforom · subordinating particleintroduces the infinitive clause of nemenhemhimhij · pronoun, dative, singularindirect object of nemeneuvelamisseuvel · adjective used adverbiallypart of the idiom iemand iets euvel nemenIemand iets euvel nemen means ‘to hold something against someone.’
tetote · infinitive markermarks the infinitive nemennementakenemen · verb, infinitivecomplement of beweegredendatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the content clause of nemenhyhehij · pronoun, nominative, singularsubject of behandeldezynhiszijn · possessive determiner, singularpossessor of broederjongeryoungerjong · adjective, comparative, uninflectedmodifies broederbroederbrotherbroeder · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of behandeldenietnotniet · adverbnegates behandeldemetwithmet · prepositionpreposition marking mannermeermoreveel · quantifying adverb, comparativemodifies inschikkelykheidinschikkelykheidforbearanceinschikkelijkheid · noun, feminine, singularobject of metHistorical spelling of inschikkelijkheid.
oforof · conjunctioncoordinates takt with inschikkelykheidtakttacttact · noun, masculine, singularobject of met, coordinated with inschikkelykheidHistorical spelling of tact.
behandeldetreatedbehandelen · verb, past, singularmain verb of the content clause - 98
The inborn courtesy of the Javanese grandee — even the lowly Javanese is far more polite than his European counterpart — nonetheless makes this seemingly difficult relation more bearable than it would otherwise be.
DeThede · determinerdeterminer of hoffelykheidaangeboreninbornaangeboren · adjective, uninflectedmodifies hoffelykheidhoffelykheidcourtesyhoffelijkheid · noun, feminine, singularsubject of maaktHistorical spelling of hoffelijkheid.
vanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking the possessor grootedenthede · determiner, masculine singular, obliquedeterminer of grootejavaanschenJavaneseJavaans · adjective, masculine singular, inflectedmodifies grootegrootegrandeegroot · substantivized adjective, masculine, singularobject of vanSubstantivized grote here means a high-ranking notable.
zelfsevenzelfs · adverbmodifies the parenthetical clausedethede · determinerdeterminer of Javaangeringelowlygering · adjective, inflectedmodifies JavaanJavaanJavaneseJavaan · noun, masculine, singularsubject of isisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula linking Javaan to beleefderveelfarveel · degree adverbmodifies beleefderbeleefdermore politebeleefd · adjective, comparativepredicative complement of isdanthandan · comparative conjunctionintroduces the standard of comparisonzynhiszijn · possessive determiner, singularpossessor of standgenooteuropescheEuropeanEuropees · adjective, inflectedmodifies standgenootstandgenootcounterpartstandgenoot · noun, masculine, singularcomplement of danmaaktmakesmaken · verb, present, singularmain verb of the sentenceevenwelnonethelessevenwel · adverbmodifies maaktdezethisdeze · demonstrative determinerdeterminer of verhoudingschynbaarseeminglyschijnbaar · adverbmodifies moeielykemoeielykedifficultmoeilijk · adjective, inflectedmodifies verhoudingverhoudingrelationverhouding · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of maaktdragelykermore bearabledragelijk · adjective, comparativeobject complement of verhoudingHistorical spelling of dragelijker.
danthandan · comparative conjunctionintroduces the clause of wezen zouzeitzij · pronoun, nominative, singularsubject of wezenandersotherwiseanders · adverbmodifies wezenwezenbewezen · verb, infinitivecomplement of zouzouwouldzullen · auxiliary verb, past, singularmodal auxiliary of wezen - 99
Let the European be well-bred and refined, let him conduct himself with friendly dignity, and he may then be sure that the Regent, for his part, will make the administration easy for him.
DeThede · determinerdeterminer of EuropeaanEuropeaanEuropeanEuropeaan · noun, masculine, singularsubject of zy, gedrage, and kanzylet bezijn · verb, present subjunctive, singularcopula linking Europeaan to wel-opgevoed and kieschwel-opgevoedwell-bredwelopgevoed · adjectivepredicative complement of zyenanden · conjunctioncoordinates kiesch with wel-opgevoedkieschrefinedkies · adjectivepredicative complement of zyOlder spelling of kies in the sense ‘discerning, refined.’
hyhehij · pronoun, nominative, singularsubject of gedrage and kangedragelet conductgedragen · verb, present subjunctive, singularmain verb of the second exhortationzichhimselfzich · pronoun, reflexive, singularreflexive object of gedragemetwithmet · prepositionpreposition marking mannervriendelykefriendlyvriendelijk · adjective, inflectedmodifies waardigheidHistorical spelling of vriendelijke.
waardigheiddignitywaardigheid · noun, feminine, singularobject of metenanden · conjunctioncoordinates kan with gedragekanmaykunnen · auxiliary verb, present, singularmodal auxiliary of zyndanthendan · adverbmodifies kanzekersurezeker · adjectivepredicative complement of zynzynbezijn · verb, infinitivecomplement of kandatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of maken zaldethede · determinerdeterminer of RegentRegentRegentregent · noun, masculine, singularsubject of maken zalvanforvan · prepositionpart of the phrase van zijn kantzynhiszijn · possessive determiner, singularpossessor of kantkantpartkant · noun, masculine, singularobject of van in the phrase van zijn kanthemfor himhij · pronoun, dative, singularindirect object of maken'tthehet · determiner, elideddeterminer of bestuurElided form of het.
bestuuradministrationbestuur · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of makengemakkelykeasygemakkelijk · adjective used predicativelyobject complement of bestuurHistorical spelling of gemakkelijk.
makenmakemaken · verb, infinitivemain verb of the dat clausezalwillzullen · auxiliary verb, present, singularfuture auxiliary of maken - 100
The grating command, uttered in the form of a request, is complied with to the letter. The difference in standing, birth, and wealth is effaced by the Regent himself, who raises the European, as representative of the King of the Netherlands, up to his own level; and in the end a relation which, viewed superficially, ought to have produced collision becomes very often the source of an agreeable association.
HetThehet · determinerdeterminer of bevelenstuitendgratingstuitend · adjective, uninflectedmodifies bevelenbevelencommandbevelen · verb, nominalized infinitivesubject of wordt nagekomenininin · prepositionpreposition marking vormverzoekendenrequestingverzoekend · adjective, masculine singular, inflectedmodifies vormvormformvorm · noun, masculine, singularobject of ingeuituttereduiten · verb, past participlereduced passive clause modifying bevelenwordtisworden · auxiliary verb, present, singularpassive auxiliary of nagekomenmetwithmet · prepositionpreposition marking mannerstiptheidprecisionstiptheid · noun, feminine, singularobject of metnagekomencomplied withnakomen · verb, past participlemain verb of the first sentenceHetThehet · determinerdeterminer of verschilverschildifferenceverschil · noun, neuter, singularsubject of wordt uitgewischtininin · prepositionintroduces the respects in which there is verschilstandstandingstand · noun, masculine, singularobject of ingeboortebirthgeboorte · noun, feminine, singularcoordinated with standrykdomwealthrijkdom · noun, masculine, singularcoordinated with stand and geboorteHistorical spelling of rijkdom.
wordtisworden · auxiliary verb, present, singularpassive auxiliary of uitgewischtuitgewischteffaceduitwissen · verb, past participlemain verb of the second sentencedoorbydoor · prepositionmarks the agent of uitgewischtdenthede · determiner, masculine singular, obliquedeterminer of RegentRegentRegentregent · noun, masculine, singularobject of doorzelfhimselfzelf · emphatic pronounemphasizes Regentdiewhodie · relative pronoun, nominative, singularsubject of opheft; antecedent Regentdenthede · determiner, masculine singular, accusativedeterminer of EuropeaanEuropeaanEuropeanEuropeaan · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of opheftalsasals · prepositionintroduces the apposition vertegenwoordigervertegenwoordigerrepresentativevertegenwoordiger · noun, masculine, singularapposition to Europeaandesof thede · determiner, masculine singular, genitivedeterminer of KoningsKoningsKingkoning · noun, masculine, singular, genitivepossessor of vertegenwoordigervanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking NederlandNederlandthe NetherlandsNederland · proper nounobject of van; modifies Koningstotup totot · prepositionpart of the phrase tot zich opheffenzichhimselfzich · pronoun, reflexive, singularobject of tot, referring to Regentopheftraisesopheffen · verb, present, singularmain verb of the relative clauseenanden · conjunctioncoordinates the final clause with the preceding sentenceten-slottein the endten slotte · adverbial phrasemodifies isisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula linking verhouding to broneenaeen · indefinite determinerdeterminer of verhoudingverhoudingrelationverhouding · noun, feminine, singularsubject of isdiewhichdie · relative pronoun, nominative, singularsubject of moest brengen; antecedent verhoudingoppervlakkigsuperficiallyoppervlakkig · adverbmodifies beschouwdbeschouwdviewedbeschouwen · verb, past participlereduced passive clause modifying diebotsingcollisionbotsing · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of brengenmoestought tomoeten · auxiliary verb, past, singularmodal auxiliary of brengentetote · prepositionpart of the fixed expression te weeg brengenweegaboutweeg · noun in fixed expressionpart of the fixed expression te weeg brengenbrengenhave producedbrengen · verb, infinitivecomplement of moestTe weeg brengen is the older spelling of teweegbrengen, ‘to bring about.’
zeerveryzeer · degree adverbmodifies dikwylsdikwylsoftendikwijls · adverbmodifies isdethede · determinerdeterminer of bronbronsourcebron · noun, feminine, singularpredicative complement of isvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking verkeereenaneen · indefinite determinerdeterminer of verkeeraangenaamagreeableaangenaam · adjective, uninflectedmodifies verkeerverkeerassociationverkeer · noun, neuter, singularobject of van - 101
I said that such Regents also held precedence over the European official by reason of wealth, and this is natural.
IkIik · pronoun, nominative, singularsubject of zeidezeidesaidzeggen · verb, past, singularmain verb of the first clauseOlder past-tense form of zeggen; modern Dutch zei.
datthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of haddendusdanigesuchdusdanig · adjective, inflectedmodifies RegentenRegentenRegentsregent · noun, masculine, pluralsubject of haddenookalsoook · adverbmodifies haddendoorby reason ofdoor · prepositionmarks the reason for their precedencerykdomwealthrijkdom · noun, masculine, singularobject of doordenthede · determiner, masculine singular, accusativedeterminer of voorrangvoorrangprecedencevoorrang · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of haddenhaddenheldhebben · verb, past, pluralmain verb of the dat clausebovenoverboven · prepositionintroduces the comparison with ambtenaardenthede · determiner, masculine singular, obliquedeterminer of ambtenaareuropeschenEuropeanEuropees · adjective, masculine singular, inflectedmodifies ambtenaarambtenaarofficialambtenaar · noun, masculine, singularobject of bovenenanden · conjunctioncoordinates the final clause with zeideditthisdit · demonstrative pronoun, nominative, neuter singularsubject of isisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula linking dit to natuurlyknatuurlyknaturalnatuurlijk · adjectivepredicative complement of is - 102
The European, when he is called to govern a province whose area equals that of many German duchies, is usually a man of middle age or more than middle age, married and a father. He holds an office for his bread.
Dethede · determinerdeterminer of EuropeaanEuropeaanEuropeanEuropeaan · noun, common gender, singularsubject of isalswhenals · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of geroepenhyhehij · personal pronoun, third person singularsubject of geroepen wordtgeroepencalledroepen · verb, past participlemain verb of subordinate passive clausewordtisworden · auxiliary verb, present, singularpassive auxiliary of geroepentottotot · prepositionintroduces purpose complement het besturenhetthehet · determinernominalizes besturenbesturengoverningbesturen · verb, infinitive used as nouncomplement of toteenerof aeen · indefinite article, feminine genitive singulardeterminer of provincieprovincieprovinceprovincie · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of besturendiewhichdie · relative pronoun, common gender singularsubject of staatininin · prepositionpreposition marking oppervlakteoppervlakteareaoppervlakte · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of inmetwithmet · prepositionpreposition marking hertogdommenvelemanyveel · indefinite numeral, attributivequantifies hertogdommenduitscheGermanDuits · adjective, attributive pluralmodifies hertogdommenhertogdommenduchieshertogdom · noun, neuter pluralcomplement of metgelykequalgelijk · adjective, predicativepredicative complement of staatstaatisstaan · verb, present, third person singularverb of relative clause modifying provincieisiszijn · verb, present, third person singularcopula of main clausegewoonlykusuallygewoonlijk · adverbmodifies isiemandsomeoneiemand · indefinite pronounpredicative complement of isvanofvan · prepositionintroduces age descriptionmiddelbarenmiddlemiddelbaar · adjective, inflectedmodifies leeftijdoforof · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmeermoremeer · adverb, comparativemodifies middelbaren leeftijddanthandan · comparative conjunctionintroduces comparison with middelbaren leeftijdmiddelbarenmiddlemiddelbaar · adjective, inflectedmodifies leeftijdleeftydageleeftijd · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of vangehuwdmarriedgehuwd · adjective, predicativesupplement describing iemandenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvaderfathervader · noun, common gender, singularsupplement coordinated with gehuwdHyHehij · personal pronoun, third person singularsubject of bekleedtbekleedtholdsbekleden · verb, present, third person singularmain verbeenaneen · determinerdeterminer of ambtambtofficeambt · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of bekleedtomforom · prepositionintroduces reason om den broodedenthede · definite article, neuter dative singulardeterminer of broodebroodebreadbrood · noun, neuter, dative singularcomplement of om“Om den broode” means “to earn a living.”
- 103
His income is just sufficient, and often not even sufficient, to provide his own people with what is needful.
ZynHiszijn · possessive determiner, third person singulardeterminer of inkomsteninkomstenincomeinkomst · noun, pluralsubject of zijnzynarezijn · verb, present, third person pluralcopulajuistjustjuist · adverbmodifies voldoendevoldoendesufficientvoldoende · adjective, predicativepredicative complement of zijnenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationzelfsevenzelfs · adverbfocuses vaak niet voldoendevaakoftenvaak · adverbmodifies niet voldoendenietnotniet · adverbmodifies voldoendevoldoendesufficientvoldoende · adjective, predicativeelliptical complement of zijnomin orderom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces infinitive purpose clauseaantoaan · prepositionintroduces indirect object de zijnendethede · determinerdeterminer of zynenzynenhis ownde zijne · possessive pronoun, pluralcomplement of aanThe substantivized possessive “de zijnen” means one’s family or dependants.
hetthehet · determinerdeterminer of noodigenoodigenecessitiesnodig · adjective used as noundirect object of verschaffentetote · infinitive markermarks verschaffenverschaffenprovideverschaffen · verb, infinitiveverb of purpose clause - 104
The Regent is: Tommongong, Adhipatti, indeed even Pangerang, that is, a Javanese prince. The question for him is not that he should merely live; he must live as the people are accustomed to seeing his aristocracy live.
DeThede · determinerdeterminer of RegentRegentRegentregent · noun, common gender, singularsubject of isisiszijn · verb, present, third person singularcopulaTommongongTommongongTommongong · title, singularpredicative complement of isAdhipattiAdhipattiAdhipatti · title, singularpredicative title coordinated with Tommongongjaindeedja · adverbemphasizes zelfs Pangerangzelfsevenzelfs · adverbpart of the phrase jaPangerangPangerangPangerang · title, singularpredicative title coordinated with Tommongongd.ithat isdat is · abbreviationintroduces explanation javaansch prinsAbbreviation of “dat is.”
javaanschJavaneseJavaans · adjective, attributivemodifies prinsprinsprinceprins · noun, common gender, singularexplanation of PangerangDeThede · determinerdeterminer of vraagvraagquestionvraag · noun, common gender, singularsubject of isisiszijn · verb, present, third person singularcopulavoorforvoor · prepositionpreposition marking hemhemhimhij · personal pronoun, third person singularcomplement of voornietnotniet · adverbnegates clause dat hy levedatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of levehyhehij · personal pronoun, third person singularsubject of leveleveliveleven · verb, present subjunctive, third person singularverb of content clauseThe subjunctive “leve” here expresses the bare fact of living.
hyhehij · personal pronoun, third person singularsubject of moet levenmoetmustmoeten · auxiliary verb, present, singularauxiliary of levenzóósozo · adverbmodifies levenHistorical emphatic spelling of modern “zo.”
levenliveleven · verb, infinitivecomplement of moetalsasals · subordinating conjunctionintroduces manner clause'tthehet · definite article, neuter singulardeterminer of volkvolkpeoplevolk · noun, neuter singularsubject of isgewoonaccustomedgewoon · adjective, predicativepredicative complement of isisiszijn · verb, present, third person singularcopula linking volk to gewoonditthisdit · demonstrative pronoundirect object of zientetote · infinitive markermarks zienzienseezien · verb, infinitivecomplement of gewoon isvanfromvan · prepositionpreposition marking aristokratiezynhiszijn · possessive determiner, third person singulardeterminer of aristokratiearistokratiearistocracyaristocratie · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of van - 105
Where the European occupies one house, the Regent's dwelling is often a Kratoon, with many houses and villages within it.
WaarWherewaar · subordinating adverbintroduces comparative clausedethede · determinerdeterminer of EuropeaanEuropeaanEuropeanEuropeaan · noun, common gender, singularsubject of bewoonteenaeen · determinerdeterminer of huishuishousehuis · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of bewoontbewoontoccupiesbewonen · verb, present, third person singularverb of subordinate clauseisiszijn · verb, present, third person singularcopula of main clausedikwylsoftendikwijls · adverbmodifies iszynhiszijn · possessive determiner, third person singulardeterminer of verblijfverblyfdwellingverblijf · noun, neuter singularsubject of isHistorical spelling of modern “verblijf.”
eenaeen · determinerdeterminer of KratoonKratoonKratoonkraton · noun, neuter singularpredicative complement of isA kraton is a Javanese royal or regental palace complex.
metwithmet · prepositionpreposition marking huizenvelemanyveel · indefinite numeral, attributivequantifies huizen and dorpenhuizenhouseshuis · noun, neuter pluralcomplement of metenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdorpenvillagesdorp · noun, pluralcoordinated with huizendaarinwithin itdaarin · pronominal adverblocative modifier of huizen and dorpen - 106
Where the European has one wife with three or four children, the Regent maintains a number of women along with all that goes with them.
WaarWherewaar · subordinating adverbintroduces comparative clausedethede · determinerdeterminer of EuropeaanEuropeaanEuropeanEuropeaan · noun, common gender, singularsubject of heeftééneoneéén · numeral, attributivequantifies vrouwvrouwwifevrouw · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of heeftheefthashebben · verb, present, third person singularverb of subordinate clausemetwithmet · prepositionpreposition marking kinderendriethreedrie · numeralquantifies kinderenvierfourvier · numeralcoordinated with driekinderenchildrenkind · noun, neuter pluralcomplement of metonderhoudtmaintainsonderhouden · verb, present, third person singularmain verbhyhehij · personal pronoun, third person singularsubject of onderhoudtHistorical spelling of modern “hij”; here it refers to the Regent.
eenaeen · determinerdeterminer of taltalnumbertal · noun, neuter singulardirect object of onderhoudtvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking vrouwenvrouwenwomenvrouw · noun, common gender pluralcomplement of vanmetwithmet · prepositionintroduces accompanying relative phrasewatwhatwat · relative pronoun, neuter singularsubject of behoortdaarbywith thatdaarbij · pronominal adverbcomplement of behoortHistorical spelling of modern “daarbij.”
behoortbelongsbehoren · verb, present, third person singularverb of relative clause - 107
Where the European rides out followed by a few officials — no more than are needed on his tour of inspection to give information along the way — the Regent is attended by the hundreds who belong to the retinue that, in the eyes of the people, is inseparable from his high rank.
WaarWherewaar · subordinating adverbintroduces comparative clausedethede · determinerdeterminer of EuropeaanEuropeaanEuropeanEuropeaan · noun, common gender, singularsubject of uitrydtuitrydtrides outuitrijden · verb, present, third person singularverb of subordinate clauseHistorical spelling of modern “uitrijdt.”
gevolgdfollowedvolgen · verb, past participlesupplement describing Europeaandoorbydoor · prepositionpreposition marking beambteneenigea fewenig · indefinite numeral, attributivequantifies beambtenbeambtenofficialsbeambte · noun, common gender pluralagent of gevolgdnietnotniet · adverbmodifies meermeermoremeer · indefinite pronounhead of elliptical phrase referring to beambtendanthandan · comparative conjunctionintroduces relative comparisonerthereer · pronominal adverbexistential marker with noodig zynbyonbij · prepositionintroduces inspektiereiszynhiszijn · possessive determiner, third person singulardeterminer of inspektiereisinspektiereisinspection tourinspectiereis · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of bijnoodigneedednodig · adjective, predicativepredicative complement of zynzynarezijn · verb, present, third person pluralverb of relative clausetotfortot · prepositionintroduces purpose het gevenhetthehet · determinernominalizes gevengevengivinggeven · verb, infinitive used as nouncomplement of totvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking inlichtingeninlichtingeninformationinlichting · noun, common gender pluralcomplement of vanonder-wegalong the wayonderweg · adverbmodifies gevenOlder hyphenated spelling of modern “onderweg.”
wordtisworden · auxiliary verb, present, third person singularpassive auxiliary of vergezelddethede · determinerdeterminer of RegentRegentRegentregent · noun, common gender, singularsubject of vergezeld wordtvergezeldattendedvergezellen · verb, past participlemain verb of passive clausedoorbydoor · prepositionpreposition marking honderdendethede · determinerdeterminer of honderdenhonderdenhundredshonderd · noun, pluralagent of vergezelddiewhodie · relative pronoun, pluralsubject of behoorentottotot · prepositionpreposition marking gevolghetthehet · determinerdeterminer of gevolggevolgretinuegevolg · noun, neuter singularcomplement of totbehoorenbelongbehoren · verb, present, third person pluralverb of relative clause modifying honderdendatwhichdat · relative pronoun, neuter singularsubject of isininin · prepositionpreposition marking oogendethede · determinerdeterminer of oogenoogeneyesoog · noun, neuter pluralcomplement of indesof thede · definite article, genitive singulardeterminer of volksArchaic genitive article; “des volks” means “of the people.”
volkspeoplevolk · noun, neuter genitive singulargenitive dependent of oogenonafscheidelykinseparableonafscheidelijk · adjective, predicativepredicative complement of isisiszijn · verb, present, third person singularcopula in relative clausevanfromvan · prepositionpreposition marking rangzynhiszijn · possessive determiner, third person singulardeterminer of ranghoogenhighhoog · adjective, attributivemodifies rangrangrankrang · noun, common gender singularcomplement of van - 108
The European lives as a citizen; the Regent lives — or is supposed to live — as a prince.
DeThede · determinerdeterminer of EuropeaanEuropeaanEuropeanEuropeaan · noun, common gender, singularsubject of leeftleeftlivesleven · verb, present, third person singularmain verb of first clauseburgerlykas a citizenburgerlijk · adverbmanner modifier of leeftHere “burgerlijk” means in the modest manner of an ordinary citizen.
dethede · determinerdeterminer of RegentRegentRegentregent · noun, common gender, singularsubject of leeft and wordt verondersteldleeftlivesleven · verb, present, third person singularmain verb of second clauseoforof · coordinating conjunctionintroduces parenthetical alternativewordtisworden · auxiliary verb, present, singularpassive auxiliary of verondersteldverondersteldsupposedveronderstellen · verb, past participlemain verb of parenthetical passivetetote · infinitive markermarks levenlevenliveleven · verb, infinitivecomplement of verondersteldalsasals · prepositionintroduces predicative comparisoneenaeen · determinerdeterminer of vorstvorstprincevorst · noun, common gender singularcomplement of als - 109
But all this must be paid for.
DochButdoch · coordinating conjunctionlinks with preceding statementditthisdit · demonstrative determinerdeterminer of allesallesallalles · indefinite pronounsubject of betaald wordenmoetmustmoeten · modal verb, present, third person singularmodal auxiliary of betaald wordenbetaaldpaid forbetalen · verb, past participlemain verb of passive infinitivewordenbeworden · auxiliary verb, infinitivepassive auxiliary of betaald - 110
The Netherlands government, which has founded itself upon the influence of these Regents, knows this, and nothing is therefore more natural than that it has raised their incomes to a height that would seem exaggerated to the non-Indian, but which in truth is seldom sufficient to meet the expenses bound up with the manner of living of such a native Chief.
Hetthehet · determinerdeterminer of bestuurnederlandschNetherlandsNederlands · adjectivemodifies bestuurbestuurgovernmentbestuur · noun, neuter, singularsubject of weetdatwhichdat · relative pronoun, neuter singularsubject of heeft gegrondvestzichitselfzich · pronoun, accusative, reflexivereflexive object of gegrondvestopuponop · prepositionintroduces basis of gegrondvestdenthede · determiner, masculine singular, historical inflectiondeterminer of invloedinvloedinfluenceinvloed · noun, common gender, singularobject of opvanofvan · prepositionintroduces possessor of invloeddiethesedie · determinerdeterminer of RegentenRegentenRegentsregent · noun, common gender, pluralobject of vangegrondvestfoundedgrondvesten · verb, past participlemain verb of relative clauseheefthashebben · auxiliary verb, present, singularauxiliary of gegrondvestweetknowsweten · verb, present, singularmain verb of the sentenceditthisdit · pronoundirect object of weetenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnietsnothingniets · pronounsubject of natuurlykerisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula linking niets to natuurlykerdusthereforedus · adverbmodifies natuurlykernatuurlykermore naturalnatuurlijk · adjective, comparativepredicative complement of isdanthandan · comparative conjunctionlinks natuurlyker to the dat-clausedatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of opgevoerdhetithet · pronounsubject of heeft opgevoerdhuntheirhun · pronounpossessor of inkomsteninkomstenincomesinkomst · noun, pluraldirect object of opgevoerdheefthashebben · auxiliary verb, present, singularauxiliary of opgevoerdopgevoerdraisedopvoeren · verb, past participlemain verb of dat-clausetottotot · prepositionpreposition marking hoogteeenaeen · determinerdeterminer of hoogtehoogteheighthoogte · noun, common gender, singularobject of totdiewhichdie · relative pronoun, common gender singularsubject of zou voorkomendenthede · determiner, masculine singular, historical inflectiondeterminer of niet-Indierniet-Indiernon-Indianniet-Indiër · noun, common gender, singularindirect object of voorkomenoverdrevenexaggeratedoverdreven · adjectivepredicative complement of voorkomenzouwouldzullen · auxiliary verb, past, singularauxiliary of voorkomenvoorkomenseemvoorkomen · verb, infinitivemain verb of relative clause on hoogtemaarbutmaar · conjunctionlinks coordinated predicates overdreven and voldoendeinderdaadin truthinderdaad · adverbmodifies voldoendezeldenseldomzelden · adverbmodifies voldoendevoldoendesufficientvoldoende · adjectivepredicative complement of isisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula with subject die and complement voldoendeterfor thete · contracted preposition and determinerintroduces purpose phrase bestrydingbestrydingmeetingbestrijding · noun, common gender, singularobject of tervanofvan · prepositionintroduces object of bestrydingdethede · determinerdeterminer of uitgavenuitgavenexpensesuitgave · noun, pluralobject of vanwelkewhichwelk · relative pronoun, pluralsubject of verbonden zynaanwithaan · prepositionintroduces complement of verbondendethede · determinerdeterminer of levenswyzelevenswyzemanner of livinglevenswijze · noun, common gender, singularobject of aanvanofvan · prepositionintroduces possessor of levenswyzezoodanigsuch azodanig · adjectivemodifies Hoofdinlandschnativeinlands · adjectivemodifies HoofdHoofdChiefhoofd · noun, neuter, singularobject of vanverbondenbound upverbonden · adjective, participialpredicative complement of zynzynarezijn · verb, present, pluralcopula linking welke to verbonden - 111
It is not unusual to see Regents who have an income of two — yes, three — hundred thousand guilders a year in financial straits.
Hetithet · pronounexpletive with ongewoonisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula linking to ongewoonnietnotniet · adverbmodifies ongewoonongewoonunusualongewoon · adjectivehead of the phraseRegentenRegentsregent · noun, pluraldirect object of zien and subject of verkeerendiewhodie · relative pronoun, pluralsubject of hebbentwee-jatwo—yestwee, ja · numeral with interjectionfirst alternative quantifier of honderd duizenddriemaalthree timesdriemaal · numeral adverbsecond alternative quantifier of honderd duizendhonderdhundredhonderd · numeralpart of numeral phrase modifying guldenduizendthousandduizend · numeralpart of numeral phrase modifying guldenguldenguildersgulden · noun, common gender, pluralmeasure phrase modifying inkomen'sade · contracted genitive determinerpart of adverbial phrase s jaarsjaarsyearjaar · noun, genitive singularforms annual-rate phrase with sinkomenincomeinkomen · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of hebbenhebbenhavehebben · verb, present, pluralmain verb of relative clause on Regentenininin · prepositionintroduces state geldverlegenheidgeldverlegenheidfinancial straitsgeldverlegenheid · noun, common gender, singularobject of intetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive zienzienseezien · verb, infinitiveinfinitive clause functioning as subject of ongewoonverkeerenbeverkeren · verb, infinitivebare infinitive complement of zien - 112
Much contributes to this: the all but princely indifference with which they squander their incomes, their negligence in keeping watch over their subordinates, their passion for buying, and above all the abuse — often made of these qualities by Europeans.
Hiertoeto thishiertoe · adverbprepositional adverb complement of draagt bydraagtcontributesdragen · verb, present, singularfinite part of separable verb draagt byveelgreatlyveel · adverbmodifies draagt bybyinbij · separable verb particleparticle of draagt bydethede · determinerdeterminer of onverschiligheidalsasals · subordinating conjunctionintroduces parenthetical als t ware'tithet · pronounsubject of warewarewerezijn · verb, subjunctive, present, singularverb of parenthetical als t warevorstelykeprincelyvorstelijk · adjectivemodifies onverschiligheidonverschiligheidindifferenceonverschilligheid · noun, common gender, singularfirst subject of draagt bywaarmeewith whichwaarmee · relative adverbadverbial complement of verspillenzytheyzij · pronounsubject of verspillenhuntheirhun · pronounpossessor of inkomsteninkomstenincomesinkomst · noun, pluraldirect object of verspillenverspillensquanderverspillen · verb, present, pluralmain verb of relative clause on onverschiligheidhuntheirhun · pronounpossessor of nalatigheidnalatigheidnegligencenalatigheid · noun, common gender, singularsecond subject of draagt byininin · prepositionintroduces complement of nalatigheid'tthehet · determinerdeterminer of substantivized bewakenbewakenwatchingbewaken · verb, infinitive used as nounobject of inhunnertheirhun · possessive pronoun, genitive pluralpossessor of ondergeschiktenondergeschiktensubordinatesondergeschikte · noun, common gender, pluraldirect object of bewakenhuntheirhun · pronounpossessor of koopziektekoopziektepassion for buyingkoopziekte · noun, common gender, singularthird subject of draagt byenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvooralabove allvooral · adverbfocuses misbruikhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of misbruikmisbruikabusemisbruik · noun, neuter, singularfourth subject of draagt bydatwhichdat · relative pronoun, neuter singularsubject of wordt gemaaktdikwylsoftendikwijls · adverbmodifies gemaaktvanofvan · prepositionintroduces complement of misbruik gemaaktdezethesedeze · determinerdeterminer of hoedanighedenhoedanighedenqualitieshoedanigheid · noun, pluralobject of vangemaaktmademaken · verb, participlemain verb of relative clause on misbruikwordtisworden · auxiliary verb, present, singularpassive auxiliary of gemaaktdoorbydoor · prepositionpreposition marking EuropeanenEuropeanenEuropeansEuropeaan · noun, common gender, pluralagent of gemaakt - 113
The incomes of the Javanese Chiefs might be divided into four parts. First of all, the fixed monthly salary.
Dethede · determinerdeterminer of inkomsteninkomstenincomesinkomst · noun, pluraldirect object of splitsenderof thede · determiner, genitive pluraldeterminer of HoofdenjavaanscheJavaneseJavaans · adjectivemodifies HoofdenHoofdenChiefshoofd · noun, neuter, pluralgenitive dependent of inkomstenzoumightzullen · auxiliary verb, past, singularfinite auxiliary of kunnen splitsenmenonemen · pronoun, nominativesubject of splitseninintoin · prepositionintroduces result phrase vier deelenvierfourvier · numeralquantifies deelendeelenpartsdeel · noun, pluralobject of inkunnenbe able tokunnen · modal verb, infinitivemodal auxiliary of splitsensplitsendividesplitsen · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceVooreerstfirst of allvooreerst · adverbintroduces first item in enumerationhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of maandgeldbepaaldfixedbepaald · adjectivemodifies maandgeldmaandgeldmonthly salarymaandgeld · noun, neuter, singularfirst item in enumeration - 114
Next, a fixed sum as compensation for purchased-out rights that have passed to the Netherlands government. Third, a reward in proportion to the quantity of the produce raised in their regency, such as coffee, sugar, indigo, cinnamon, and so on.
Vervolgensnextvervolgens · adverbhead of the phraseeenaeen · determinerdeterminer of somvastefixedvast · adjectivemodifies somsomsumsom · noun, common gender, singularsecond item in enumerationalsasals · prepositionmarks function of somschadeloosstellingcompensationschadeloosstelling · noun, common gender, singularpredicative complement introduced by alsvoorforvoor · prepositionpreposition marking rechtenafgekochtepurchased-outafkopen · verb, past participle used adjectivallymodifies rechtenrechtenrightsrecht · noun, pluralobject of voordiewhichdie · relative pronoun, pluralsubject of overgegaanovergegaanpassedovergaan · verb, participlerelative clause on rechtenzynhavezijn · auxiliary verb, present, pluralauxiliary of overgegaanoptoop · prepositionintroduces destination of overgegaan'tthehet · determinerdeterminer of bestuurnederlandschNetherlandsNederlands · adjectivemodifies bestuurbestuurgovernmentbestuur · noun, neuter, singularobject of opTen-derdethirdten derde · adverbintroduces third item in enumerationeenaeen · determinerdeterminer of belooningbelooningrewardbeloning · noun, common gender, singularthird item in enumerationininin · prepositionpreposition marking evenredigheidevenredigheidproportionevenredigheid · noun, common gender, singularobject of inmettomet · prepositionpreposition marking hoeveelheiddethede · determinerdeterminer of hoeveelheidhoeveelheidquantityhoeveelheid · noun, common gender, singularobject of metderof thede · determiner, genitive pluraldeterminer of produktenininin · prepositionpreposition marking regentschaphuntheirhun · pronounpossessor of regentschapregentschapregencyregentschap · noun, neuter, singularobject of invoortgebrachteproducedvoortbrengen · verb, past participle used adjectivallymodifies produktenproduktenproduceproduct · noun, pluralgenitive dependent of hoeveelheidalssuch asals · prepositionintroduces examples of produktenkofficoffeekoffie · noun, common gender, singularfirst example of produktensuikersugarsuiker · noun, common gender, singularexample coordinated with koffiindigoindigoindigo · noun, neuter, singularexample coordinated with koffikaneelcinnamonkaneel · noun, common gender, singularexample coordinated with koffienzand so onenzovoort · abbreviationcloses non-exhaustive list - 115
And lastly, the arbitrary disposal of the labour and the property of their dependents. The two last sources of income call for some explanation.
Enanden · conjunctionintroduces final item in enumerationeindelyklastlyeindelijk · adverbintroduces final item in enumerationdethede · determinerdeterminer of beschikkingwillekeurigearbitrarywillekeurig · adjectivemodifies beschikkingbeschikkingdisposalbeschikking · noun, common gender, singularfinal item in enumerationoverofover · prepositionintroduces objects of beschikkingdenthede · determiner, masculine singular, historical inflectiondeterminer of arbeidarbeidlabourarbeid · noun, common gender, singularfirst object of overenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdethede · determinerdeterminer of eigendommeneigendommenpropertyeigendom · noun, pluralsecond object of overhunnerof theirhun · possessive pronoun, genitive pluralpossessor of onderhoorigenonderhoorigendependentsonderhorige · noun, common gender, pluralgenitive dependent of arbeid and eigendommenDethede · determinerdeterminer of bronnenbeidetwobeide · determinerdeterminer of bronnenlaatstelastlaatst · adjectivemodifies bronnenbronnensourcesbron · noun, pluralsubject of vorderenvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking inkomsteninkomstenincomeinkomst · noun, pluralobject of vanvorderencall forvorderen · verb, present, pluralmain verb of the sentenceeenigesomeenig · adjectivemodifies ophelderingophelderingexplanationopheldering · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of vorderen - 116
The Javanese is by the very nature of the case a farmer. The soil on which he was born, which promises much for little labour, draws him to this; and above all he is given over heart and soul to the cultivating of his rice-fields, in which indeed he is very skilled.
Dethede · determinerdeterminer of JavaanJavaanJavaneseJavaan · noun, common gender, singularsubject of isisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula linking Javaan to landbouweruitbyuit · prepositionpart of idiom uit den aard der zaakThe phrase “uit den aard der zaak” means “by the nature of the case.”
denthede · determiner, masculine singular, archaic case formdeterminer of aardaardnatureaard · noun, common gender, singularobject of uitderof thede · determiner, genitive singular, archaic case formdeterminer of zaakzaakcasezaak · noun, common gender, singulargenitive dependent of aardlandbouwerfarmerlandbouwer · noun, common gender, singularpredicative complement of isDethede · determinerdeterminer of grondgrondsoilgrond · noun, common gender, singularsubject of loktwaaropon whichwaarop · relative adverblocative complement of geboren werdhyhehij · pronoun, personal, third person singularsubject of geboren werdgeborenborngeboren worden · verb, past participlepart of passive verb geboren werdwerdwasworden · auxiliary verb, past, singularpassive auxiliary of geborendiewhichdie · relative pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of belooft and refers to grondveelmuchveel · indefinite pronoundirect object of belooftbelooftpromisesbeloven · verb, present, singularverb of relative clause modifying grondvoorforvoor · prepositionintroduces exchange complement of belooftweiniglittleweinig · indefinite determinerdeterminer of arbeidarbeidslabourarbeid · noun, common gender, singular, archaic genitiveobject of voorThe final -s is an old genitive form: modern Dutch has “weinig arbeid.”
loktdrawsuitlokken · verb, present, singular, separablemain verb with particle uithemhimhij · pronoun, personal, third person singular, object formdirect object of lokt ... uithiertoeto thishiertoe · pronominal adverbcomplement of lokt ... uituitoutuit · separable verb particleparticle of lokt ... uitenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvooralabove allvooral · adverbmodifies overgegevenisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula linking hij to overgegevenhyhehij · pronoun, personal, third person singularsubject of is overgegevenmetwithmet · prepositionintroduces idiom met hart en zielharthearthart · noun, neuter, singularobject of metenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationzielsoulziel · noun, common gender, singularcoordinated with hartovergegevengiven overovergegeven · adjectivepredicative complement of isaantoaan · prepositionintroduces complement of overgegevenhetthehet · determinernominalizes bebouwenbebouwencultivatingbebouwen · verbal noun, neuter, singularobject of aanzynerhiszijn · possessive pronoun, genitive singular, archaic formpossessor of rijstveldenrystveldenrice-fieldsrijstveld · noun, neuter, pluralgenitive complement of bebouwenwaarinin whichwaarin · relative adverbcomplement of bedreven and refers to bebouwenhyhehij · pronoun, personal, third person singularsubject of isdanthendan · adverbpart of emphatic dan ookookalsoook · adverbpart of emphatic dan ookzeerveryzeer · adverbmodifies bedrevenbedrevenskilledbedreven · adjectivepredicative complement of isisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula linking hij to bedreven - 117
He grows up amid his sawahs and gagahs and tipars, accompanies his father to the field from a very tender age, where he helps him in the labour with plough and spade, at the dams and at the watercourses for the irrigating of his fields. He counts his years by harvests, he reckons time by the colour of the standing stalks in his field, he feels at home among the comrades who cut the rice with him, he seeks his wife among the girls of the dessah who in the evening, to merry song, stamp the rice to free it of its husk ... the possession of a pair of buffaloes to draw his plough is the ideal that beckons to him ... in short, rice-growing is for the Javanese what, in the Rhineland and in the south of France, the vintage is.
Hyhehij · pronoun, personal, third person singularsubject of groeit and vergezeltgroeitgrowsgroeien · verb, present, singularmain verb of the sentenceopupop · separable verb particleparticle of groeit opte-middenamidte midden · prepositionintroduces complement of groeit opzynerhiszijn · possessive pronoun, genitive plural, archaic formpossessor of sawahs, gagahs and tiparssawah'sirrigated rice fieldssawah · noun, common gender, pluralobject of te-middenenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgagah'sdry rice fieldsgaga · noun, common gender, pluralcoordinated with sawah’senanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtipar'supland fieldstipar · noun, common gender, pluralcoordinated with sawah’svergezeltaccompaniesvergezellen · verb, present, singularcoordinated main verb with groeitreedsalreadyreeds · adverbmodifies vergezeltopatop · prepositionintroduces age adjunctzeerveryzeer · adverbmodifies jeugdigenjeugdigentenderjeugdig · adjective, attributive, archaic masculine singular endingmodifies leeftijdleeftydageleeftijd · noun, common gender, singularobject of opzynhiszijn · possessive determiner, third person singulardeterminer of vadervaderfathervader · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of vergezeltnaartonaar · prepositionpreposition marking veld'tthehet · determinerdeterminer of veldveldfieldveld · noun, neuter, singularoblique complement of vergezeltwaarwherewaar · relative adverbintroduces relative clause modifying veldhyhehij · pronoun, personal, third person singularsubject of ishemhimhij · pronoun, personal, third person singular, object formcomplement of behulpzaambehulpzaamhelpfulbehulpzaam · adjectivepredicative complement of isisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula linking hij to behulpzaamininin · prepositionintroduces complement of behulpzaamdenthede · determiner, masculine singular, archaic case formdeterminer of arbeidarbeidlabourarbeid · noun, common gender, singularobject of inmetwithmet · prepositionintroduces instrumental adjunctploegploughploeg · noun, common gender, singularobject of metenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationspadespadespade · noun, common gender, singularcoordinated with ploegaanataan · prepositionintroduces work-location adjunctdammendamsdam · noun, common gender, pluralobject of aanenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationaanataan · prepositionintroduces coordinated work-location adjunctwaterleidingenwatercourseswaterleiding · noun, common gender, pluralobject of aantotfortot · prepositionintroduces purpose complementhetthehet · determinernominalizes bevochtigenbevochtigenirrigatingbevochtigen · verbal noun, neuter, singularobject of totzynerhiszijn · possessive pronoun, genitive plural, archaic formpossessor of akkersakkersfieldsakker · noun, common gender, pluralgenitive complement of bevochtigenHyhehij · pronoun, personal, third person singularsubject of teltteltcountstellen · verb, present, singularmain verb of the sentencezynhiszijn · possessive determiner, third person singulardeterminer of jarenjarenyearsjaar · noun, neuter, pluraldirect object of teltbybybij · prepositionintroduces measure adjunct of teltoogstenharvestsoogst · noun, common gender, pluralobject of bijhyhehij · pronoun, personal, third person singularsubject of rekentrekentreckonsrekenen · verb, present, singularcoordinated with teltdenthede · determiner, masculine singular, archaic case formdeterminer of tijdtydtimetijd · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of rekentnaarbynaar · prepositionintroduces criterion complement of rekentdethede · determinerdeterminer of kleurkleurcolourkleur · noun, common gender, singularobject of naarzynerhiszijn · possessive pronoun, genitive plural, archaic formpossessor of halmentein thete · prepositionpart of phrase te veldveldfieldveld · noun, neuter, singularlocative complement of staandestaandestandingstaan · verb, present participle, attributivemodifies halmenhalmenstalkshalm · noun, common gender, pluralgenitive dependent of kleurhyhehij · pronoun, personal, third person singularsubject of voeltvoeltfeelsvoelen · verb, present, singularcoordinated with teltzichhimselfzich · reflexive pronoun, third person singularreflexive object of voeltte-huisat homethuis · adverbpredicative complement of voelt zichonderamongonder · prepositionpreposition marking makkersdethede · determinerdeterminer of makkersmakkerscomradesmakker · noun, common gender, pluralobject of onderdiewhodie · relative pronoun, pluralsubject of sneden and refers to makkersmetwithmet · prepositionintroduces comitative adjunct of snedenhemhimhij · pronoun, personal, third person singular, object formobject of metpadiericepadie · noun, common gender, mass noundirect object of snedensnedencutsnijden · verb, past, pluralverb of relative clause modifying makkershyhehij · pronoun, personal, third person singularsubject of zoektzoektseekszoeken · verb, present, singularcoordinated main verb with voeltzynhiszijn · possessive determiner, third person singulardeterminer of vrouwvrouwwifevrouw · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of zoektonderamongonder · prepositionpreposition marking meisjesdethede · determinerdeterminer of meisjesmeisjesgirlsmeisje · noun, pluraloblique complement of zoektderof thede · determiner, genitive singular, archaic case formdeterminer of dessahdessahvillagedesa · noun, common gender, singulargenitive dependent of meisjes“Dessah” is the colonial-era spelling of Indonesian desa, “village.”
diewhodie · relative pronoun, pluralsubject of stampen and refers to meisjes'sin thedes · determiner, genitive singular, contracted archaic formpart of adverbial phrase ’s avendsavendseveningavond · noun, common gender, singular, archaic adverbial genitivetime adjunct of stampenThe historical form “’s avends” corresponds to modern “’s avonds,” “in the evening.”
ondertoonder · prepositionintroduces accompaniment adjunct of stampenvroolykmerryvrolijk · adjective, attributivemodifies gezanggezangsonggezang · noun, neuter, singularobject of onderdethede · determinerdeterminer of rystrystricerijst · noun, common gender, mass noundirect object of stampenstampenstampstampen · verb, present, pluralverb of relative clause modifying meisjesomin orderom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces purpose clause om ... te ontdoenzeitze · pronoun, personal, third person singular, object formdirect object of ontdoen and refers to rijsttetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive ontdoenontdoenfreeontdoen · verb, infinitiveverb of purpose clausevanofvan · prepositionintroduces complement of ontdoendenthede · determiner, masculine singular, archaic case formdeterminer of bolsterbolsterhuskbolster · noun, common gender, singularobject of vanhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of bezitbezitpossessionbezit · noun, neuter, singularsubject of isvanofvan · prepositionintroduces complement of beziteenaeen · determinerdeterminer of paarpaarpairpaar · collective noun, neuter, singularobject of vanbuffelsbuffaloesbuffel · noun, common gender, pluralcomplement of paardiewhichdie · relative pronoun, pluralsubject of zullen trekken and refers to buffelszynhiszijn · possessive determiner, third person singulardeterminer of ploegploegploughploeg · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of trekkenzullenwillzullen · auxiliary verb, future, pluralauxiliary of trekkentrekkendrawtrekken · verb, infinitiveverb of relative clause modifying buffelsisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula linking bezit to ideaal'tthehet · determiner, contracted formdeterminer of ideaalideaalidealideaal · noun, neuter, singularpredicative complement of isdatthatdat · relative pronoun, neuter singularsubject of aanlacht and refers to ideaalhemto himhij · pronoun, personal, third person singular, object formdirect object of aanlachtaanlachtbeckonsaanlachen · verb, present, singularverb of relative clause modifying ideaalkortomin shortkortom · sentence adverbframes the concluding clausedethede · determinerdeterminer of rystbouwrystbouwrice-growingrijstbouw · noun, common gender, singularsubject of isisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula in comparisonvoorforvoor · prepositionintroduces beneficiary in comparisondenthede · determiner, masculine singular, archaic case formdeterminer of JavaanJavaanJavaneseJavaan · noun, common gender, singularobject of voorwatwhatwat · relative pronounpredicative comparison complement of isininin · prepositionpreposition marking Rynstrekendethede · determinerdeterminer of RynstrekenRynstrekenRhinelandRijnstreek · proper noun, pluralobject of inenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationininin · prepositionintroduces coordinated location adjuncthetthehet · determinerdeterminer of zuidenzuidensouthzuiden · noun, neuter, singularobject of invanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking FrankrykFrankrykFranceFrankrijk · proper noun, neuter, singularcomplement of zuidendethede · determinerdeterminer of wynoogstwynoogstvintagewijnoogst · noun, common gender, singularsubject of final isisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula linking wijnoogst to wat - 118
But there came strangers from the West, who made themselves masters of the land.
Dochbutdoch · coordinating conjunctionconnects contrastively with preceding discoursedaartheredaar · expletive adverbintroduces presentational constructionkwamencamekomen · verb, past, pluralmain verb of the sentencevreemdelingenstrangersvreemdeling · noun, pluralsubject of kwamenuitfromuit · prepositionpreposition marking Westenhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of WestenWestenWestwesten · noun, neuter, singularobject of uitdiewhodie · relative pronoun, pluralsubject of maakten and refers to vreemdelingenzichthemselveszich · reflexive pronoun, third person pluraldirect object of maaktenheermasterheer · noun, common gender, singularobject complement of zichmaaktenmademaken · verb, past, pluralverb of relative clause modifying vreemdelingenvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking landhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of landlandlandland · noun, neuter, singularobject of van - 119
They wished to profit by the fertility of the soil, and ordered the inhabitant to devote a part of his labour and of his time to the producing of other things that would yield more gain on the markets of Europe.
Zetheyze · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of wenschten and gelasttenwenschtenwishedwensen · verb, past, pluralmain verb of the first coordinated clausevoordeelprofitvoordeel · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of doenVoordeel doen met is an older expression meaning “to profit from.”
tetote · infinitive markerinfinitive marker of doendoenmakedoen · verb, infinitiveinfinitive complement of wenschtenmetfrommet · prepositionintroduces the source of the profitdethede · determinerdeterminer of vruchtbaarheidvruchtbaarheidfertilityvruchtbaarheid · noun, common gender, singularobject of metvanofvan · prepositionintroduces a possessive complement of vruchtbaarheiddenthede · determiner, definite, masculine singular, historical oblique formdeterminer of bodembodemsoilbodem · noun, common gender, singularobject of vanenanden · conjunctioncoordinates wenschten and gelasttengelasttenorderedgelasten · verb, past, pluralmain verb of the second coordinated clausedenthede · determiner, definite, masculine singular, historical oblique formdeterminer of bewonerbewonerinhabitantbewoner · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of gelastten and understood subject of toetewydeneenaeen · determinerdeterminer of gedeeltegedeeltepartgedeelte · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of toetewydenvanofvan · prepositionintroduces a partitive complement of gedeeltezynhiszijn · possessive determiner, third person singularpossessive determiner of arbeidarbeidlabourarbeid · noun, common gender, singularobject of vanenanden · conjunctioncoordinates van zyn arbeid and van zyn tydvanofvan · prepositionintroduces the second partitive complement of gedeeltezynhiszijn · possessive determiner, third person singularpossessive determiner of tydtydtimetijd · noun, common gender, singularobject of vantoetewydento devotetoewijden · verb, infinitive with historical fused teinfinitive complement of gelasttenaantoaan · prepositionintroduces the complement of toetewydenhetthehet · determiner, definite, neuter singularnominalizes voortbrengenvoortbrengenproducingvoortbrengen · nominalized verb, infinitiveobject of aanvanofvan · prepositionintroduces the object of voortbrengenandereotherander · adjectivemodifies zakenzakenthingszaak · noun, common gender, pluralobject of vandiethatdie · relative pronoun, pluralsubject of zouden afwerpenmeermoreveel · quantifying adjective, comparativemodifies winstwinstgainwinst · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of afwerpenzoudenwouldzullen · auxiliary verb, past, pluralmodal auxiliary of afwerpenafwerpenyieldafwerpen · verb, infinitivemain verb of the relative clause on zakenoponop · prepositionpreposition marking marktendethede · determinerdeterminer of marktenmarktenmarketsmarkt · noun, common gender, pluralobject of opvanofvan · prepositionintroduces a possessive complement of marktenEuropaEuropeEuropa · proper nounobject of van - 120
To induce the lowly man to do this, no more than a very simple statecraft was needed.
Omin orderom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the purpose infinitive clausedenthede · determiner, definite, masculine singular, historical oblique formdeterminer of mangeringenlowlygering · adjective, attributive, historical inflected formmodifies manmanmanman · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of bewegenhiertoeto thishiertoe · adverbadverbial complement of bewegentetote · infinitive markerinfinitive marker of bewegenbewegeninducebewegen · verb, infinitivehead of the purpose infinitive clausewaswaszijn · verb, past, singularcopula linking staatkunde to noodignietnotniet · adverbpart of the restrictive phrase niet meer danmeermoreveel · quantitative adverb, comparativepart of the restrictive phrase niet meer dandanthandan · comparative conjunctioncompletes the restrictive phrase niet meer daneenaeen · determinerdeterminer of staatkundezeerveryzeer · adverbmodifies eenvoudigeeenvoudigesimpleeenvoudig · adjectivemodifies staatkundestaatkundestatecraftstaatkunde · noun, common gender, singularsubject of wasnoodigneedednodig · adjective, predicative, historical spellingpredicative complement of was - 121
He obeys his chiefs; one had therefore only to win over these chiefs by promising them a share of the profit, and ... it succeeded completely.
Hyhehij · pronoun, nominative, singularsubject of gehoorzaamtgehoorzaamtobeysgehoorzamen · verb, present, singularmain verb of the first clausezynhiszijn · possessive determiner, third person singularpossessive determiner of hoofdenhoofdenchiefshoofd · noun, common gender, pluraldirect object of gehoorzaamtmenonemen · pronoun, nominativesubject of hadhadhadhebben · verb, past, singularfinite verb governing winnendusthereforedus · adverbmodifies winnenslechtsonlyslechts · adverbmodifies had te winnendezethesedeze · determinerdeterminer of hoofdenhoofdenchiefshoofd · noun, common gender, pluraldirect object of winnentetote · infinitive markerinfinitive marker of winnenwinnenwin overwinnen · verb, infinitivecomplement of haddoorbydoor · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the means clause with toetezeggenhunthemhun · pronoun, dative, pluralindirect object of toetezeggeneenaeen · determinerdeterminer of gedeeltegedeeltesharegedeelte · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of toetezeggenvanofvan · prepositionintroduces a partitive complement of gedeeltedethede · determinerdeterminer of winstwinstprofitwinst · noun, common gender, singularobject of vantoetezeggento promisetoezeggen · verb, infinitive with historical fused tehead of the means clause introduced by doorenanden · conjunctioncoordinates the preceding clause with het geluktehetithet · pronoun, nominative, neuter singularsubject of geluktegeluktesucceededlukken · verb, past, singularmain verb of the final coordinated clausevolkomencompletelyvolkomen · adverbmodifies gelukte - 122
Anyone who considers the staggering mass of Javanese produce that is put up for sale in the Netherlands may convince himself of how effective this statecraft is, even if he does not find it noble. For should anyone ask whether the cultivator himself enjoys a reward proportionate to this yield, I must give him a negative answer.
Alsifals · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the conditional clause with letmenonemen · pronoun, nominativesubject of letletconsidersletten · verb, present, singularmain verb of the conditional clauseoponop · prepositionfixed complement of letdethede · determinerdeterminer of massaontzettendestaggeringontzettend · adjective, attributivemodifies massamassamassmassa · noun, common gender, singularobject of opjavascheJavaneseJavaans · adjective, attributive, historical spellingmodifies produktenproduktenproduceproduct · noun, neuter, plural, historical spellingpartitive complement of massadiethatdie · relative pronoun, pluralsubject of worden geveildininin · prepositionpreposition marking NederlandNederlandthe NetherlandsNederland · proper nounobject of inwordenareworden · auxiliary verb, present, pluralpassive auxiliary of geveildte-koopfor salete koop · adverbial phrasepredicative complement of geveildgeveildauctionedveilen · verb, past participlemain verb of the passive relative clausekancankunnen · auxiliary verb, present, singularauxiliary of overtuigenmenonemen · pronoun, nominativesubject of overtuigenzichhimselfzich · pronoun, accusative, reflexivedirect object of overtuigenovertuigenconvinceovertuigen · verb, infinitivemain verb of the main clausevanofvan · prepositionintroduces the complement of overtuigenhetthehet · determiner, definite, neuter singularnominalizes doeltreffendedoeltreffendeeffectivenessdoeltreffend · nominalized adjective, neuter singularobject of vanHet doeltreffende means “the effectiveness” here.
dezerof thisdeze · demonstrative determiner, genitive singular, archaicpossessive determiner of staatkundestaatkundestatecraftstaatkunde · noun, common gender, singulargenitive complement of doeltreffendealeven thoughal · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the concessive clause with vindtvindtfindsvinden · verb, present, singularmain verb of the concessive clausemenonemen · pronoun, nominativesubject of vindtzeitze · pronoun, accusative, singulardirect object of vindtnietnotniet · adverbmodifies edeledelnobleedel · adjectivecomplement of vindtWantforwant · conjunctionintroduces the explanatory sentencemochtshouldmogen · auxiliary verb, past, singularconditional auxiliary of vrageniemandanyoneiemand · indefinite pronoun, nominative, singularsubject of mocht vragenvragenaskvragen · verb, infinitivemain verb of the conditional clauseofwhetherof · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of genietdethede · determinerdeterminer of landbouwerlandbouwercultivatorlandbouwer · noun, common gender, singularsubject of genietzelfhimselfzelf · emphatic pronounemphasizes landbouwereeneaeen · determiner, indefinite, historical inflected formdeterminer of belooningmettomet · prepositionintroduces the standard of proportionalitydezethisdeze · determinerdeterminer of uitkomstuitkomstyielduitkomst · noun, common gender, singularobject of metevenredigeproportionateevenredig · adjectivemodifies belooning and takes met deze uitkomst as complementbelooningrewardbeloning · noun, common gender, singular, historical spellingdirect object of genietgenietenjoysgenieten · verb, present, singularmain verb of the embedded questiondanthendan · adverbcorrelative adverb answering mochtmoetmustmoeten · auxiliary verb, present, singularauxiliary of gevenikIik · pronoun, nominativesubject of gevenhieropto thishierop · adverbprepositional adverb complement of antwoord geveneenaeen · determinerdeterminer of antwoordontkennendnegativeontkennend · adjective, attributivemodifies antwoordantwoordanswerantwoord · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of gevengevengivegeven · verb, infinitivemain verb governed by moet - 123
The Government obliges him to grow on his own ground whatever pleases it; it punishes him if he sells what he has thus produced to anyone but itself; and it alone fixes the price it pays him for it.
Dethede · determinerdeterminer of RegeeringRegeeringGovernmentregering · noun, common gender, singular, historical spellingsubject of verplichtverplichtobligesverplichten · verb, present, singularmain verb of the first clausehemhimhem · pronoun, accusativedirect object of verplicht and understood subject of aantekweekenoponop · prepositionintroduces the location of aantekweekenzynhiszijn · possessive determiner, third person singularpossessive determiner of grondgrondgroundgrond · noun, common gender, singularobject of opaantekweekento growaankweken · verb, infinitive with historical fused teinfinitive complement of verplichtwatwhateverwat · free relative pronoundirect object of aantekweeken and subject of behaagthaarithaar · pronoun, dative, singularindirect object of behaagtbehaagtpleasesbehagen · verb, present, singularverb of the free relative clause headed by watzeitze · pronoun, nominative, singularsubject of straftstraftpunishesstraffen · verb, present, singularmain verb of the second clausehemhimhem · pronoun, accusativedirect object of straftwanneerwhenwanneer · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the conditional clause with verkoopthyhehij · pronoun, nominative, singularsubject of verkoopthetthehet · determiner, definite, neuter singulardeterminer of nominalized voortgebrachtealdusthusaldus · adverbmodifies voortgebrachtevoortgebrachteproducedvoortbrengen · nominalized past participle, neuter singularhead of the nominal phrase het aldus voortgebrachteverkooptsellsverkopen · verb, present, singularmain verb of the conditional clauseaantoaan · prepositionpreposition marking wienwienwhomeverwie · free-choice relative pronoun, dative, archaic formobject of aan in the free-choice phrasehetithet · pronoun, nominative, neuter singularexpletive subject of zyookeverook · adverbpart of the free-choice phrase wien het ook zyzymay bezijn · verb, present subjunctive, singular, historical spellingverb of the free-choice phraseAan wien het ook zy means “to whomever it may be.”
buitenexceptbuiten · prepositionmarks the excluded recipienthááritselfhaar · pronoun, stressed, singularobject of buitenenanden · conjunctioncoordinates the second and third main clauseszyzelfitselfzijzelf · emphatic pronoun, nominative, singular, historical spellingsubject of bepaaltbepaaltfixesbepalen · verb, present, singularmain verb of the third clausedenthede · determiner, definite, masculine singular, historical oblique formdeterminer of pryspryspriceprijs · noun, common gender, singular, historical spellingdirect object of bepaaltdienthatdie · relative pronoun, accusative, masculine singular, historical inflected formdirect object of uitbetaaltzeitze · pronoun, nominative, singularsubject of uitbetaalthemhimhem · pronoun, dative, singularindirect object of uitbetaaltdaarvoorfor itdaarvoor · adverbprepositional adverb complement of uitbetaaltuitbetaaltpaysuitbetalen · verb, present, singularmain verb of the relative clause on prys - 124
The costs of shipment to Europe, handled through a privileged trading body, are high. The bounties allotted to the Chiefs, on the other hand, burden the purchase price; and ... since after all the whole business must yield a profit, that profit can be found in no other way than by paying the Javanese just enough that he does not die of hunger, which would diminish the productive strength of the nation.
DeThede · determinerdeterminer of kostenkostencostskosten · noun, pluralsubject of zijnopofop · prepositionintroduces complement of kostendenthede · determiner, masculine singular, archaic inflectiondeterminer of overvoerovervoershipmentovervoer · noun, masculine singularoblique complement of kostennaartonaar · prepositionpreposition marking EuropaEuropaEuropeEuropa · proper noun, neuter, singularoblique complement of naardoorthroughdoor · prepositionpreposition marking bemiddelingbemiddelingmediationbemiddeling · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of doorvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking handelslichaameenaeen · determinerdeterminer of handelslichaambevoorrechtprivilegedbevoorrecht · adjectivemodifies handelslichaamhandelslichaamtrading bodyhandelslichaam · noun, neuter, singularoblique complement of vanzynarezijn · verb, present, pluralcopula linking kosten to hooghooghighhoog · adjectivepredicative complement of zijnDeThede · determinerdeterminer of aanmoedigingsgeldenaantoaan · prepositionintroduces complement of toegelegdedethede · determinerdeterminer of HoofdenHoofdenChiefshoofd · noun, pluraloblique complement of aantoegelegdeallottedtoeleggen · verb, past participle, attributivemodifies aanmoedigingsgeldenaanmoedigingsgeldenbountiesaanmoedigingsgeld · noun, pluralsubject of bezwarenbezwarenburdenbezwaren · verb, present, pluralmain verb of the clausedaarentegenon the other handdaarentegen · adverbmodifies bezwarendenthede · determiner, masculine singular, archaic inflectiondeterminer of inkoopprijsinkooppryspurchase priceinkoopprijs · noun, masculine singulardirect object of bezwarenenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdaarsincedaar · subordinating conjunctionintroduces causal clause of afwerpentochafter alltoch · adverbemphasizes the causal clauseten-slotteultimatelyten slotte · adverbmodifies afwerpendethede · determinerdeterminer of zaakgeheelewholegeheel · adjectivemodifies zaakzaakbusinesszaak · noun, common gender, singularsubject of afwerpenwinstprofitwinst · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of afwerpenafwerpenyieldafwerpen · verb, infinitiveinfinitive complement of moetmoetmustmoeten · auxiliary verb, present, singularmodal auxiliary of afwerpenkancankunnen · auxiliary verb, present, singularmodal auxiliary of worden gevondendezethisdeze · determinerdeterminer of winstwinstprofitwinst · noun, common gender, singularsubject of passive gevondennietnotniet · adverbmodifies gevondenandersotherwiseanders · adverbmodifies gevondenwordenbeworden · auxiliary verb, infinitivepassive auxiliary of gevondengevondenfoundvinden · verb, participlepast participle in passive constructiondanthandan · conjunctionpart of niet anders ... dan comparisondoorbydoor · prepositionintroduces means expressed by uitbetalenjuistpreciselyjuist · adverbmodifies zóóveelzóóveelenoughzoveel · indefinite pronoundirect object of uitbetalenaantoaan · prepositionpreposition marking Javaandenthede · determiner, masculine singular, archaic inflectiondeterminer of JavaanjavaanJavaneseJavaan · noun, masculine singularindirect object of uitbetalenuittebetalenpayinguitbetalen · verb, infinitive, historical joined spellingcomplement of doordatso thatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stervehyhehij · pronoun, nominative, third-person singularsubject of stervenietnotniet · adverbmodifies stervestervediesterven · verb, present subjunctive, singularmain verb of result clausevanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking hongerhongerhungerhonger · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of vanhetgeenwhichhetgeen · pronounrelative pronoun referring to preceding situation; subject of verminderendethede · determinerdeterminer of krachtvoortbrengendeproductivevoortbrengend · adjectivemodifies krachtkrachtstrengthkracht · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of verminderenderof thede · determiner, genitive singularintroduces genitive modifier natienatienationnatie · noun, common gender, singulargenitive modifier of krachtverminderendiminishverminderen · verb, infinitiveinfinitive complement of zouzouwouldzullen · auxiliary verb, past, singularauxiliary of verminderen - 125
To the European officials, too, a reward is paid in proportion to the yield.
Ooktooook · adverbmodifies beambtenaantoaan · prepositionpreposition marking beambtendethede · determinerdeterminer of beambteneuropescheEuropeanEuropees · adjective, attributive, historical spellingmodifies beambtenbeambtenofficialsbeambte · noun, pluraloblique complement of aanwordtisworden · auxiliary verb, present, singularpassive auxiliary of uitbetaaldeenaeen · determinerdeterminer of belooningbelooningrewardbeloning · noun, common gender, singularsubject of passive uitbetaalduitbetaaldpaiduitbetalen · verb, participlemain verb of the sentenceininin · prepositionpreposition marking evenredigheidevenredigheidproportionevenredigheid · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of inmettomet · prepositionpreposition marking opbrengstdethede · determinerdeterminer of opbrengstopbrengstyieldopbrengst · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of met - 126
Thus the poor Javanese is indeed driven on by a double authority; he is indeed often torn away from his rice fields; famine is indeed often the consequence of these measures; and yet ... gaily, at Batavia, at Samarang, at Soerabaja, at Passaroean, at Bezoeki, at Probolingo, at Patjitan, at Tjilatjap, flutter the flags aboard the ships being loaded with the harvests that make the Netherlands rich. Famine?
Welindeedwel · adverbmodifies voorgezweeptwordtisworden · auxiliary verb, present, singularpassive auxiliary of voorgezweeptdusthusdus · adverbmodifies voorgezweeptdethede · determinerdeterminer of Javaanarmepoorarm · adjectivemodifies JavaanJavaanJavaneseJavaan · noun, masculine singularsubject of passive voorgezweeptvoorgezweeptdriven onvoortzwepen · verb, past participlemain verb of first clausedoorbydoor · prepositionpreposition marking gezagdubbeldoubledubbel · adjectivemodifies gezaggezagauthoritygezag · noun, neuter, singularagent complement of doorwelindeedwel · adverbmodifies afgetrokkenwordtisworden · auxiliary verb, present, singularpassive auxiliary of afgetrokkenhyhehij · pronoun, nominative, third-person singularsubject of passive afgetrokkendikwylsoftendikwijls · adverbmodifies afgetrokkenafgetrokkentorn awayaftrekken · verb, past participlemain verb of second clausevanfromvan · prepositionpreposition marking rystveldenzynhiszijn · possessive determinerpossessor of rijstveldenrystveldenrice fieldsrijstveld · noun, pluraloblique complement of vanwelindeedwel · adverbmodifies isisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula linking hongersnood to gevolghongersnoodfaminehongersnood · noun, common gender, singularsubject of isvaakoftenvaak · adverbmodifies is'tthehet · determinerdeterminer of gevolggevolgconsequencegevolg · noun, neuter, singularpredicative complement of isvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking maatregelendezethesedeze · determinerdeterminer of maatregelenmaatregelenmeasuresmaatregel · noun, pluraloblique complement of vandochyetdoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvroolykgailyvrolijk · adverb, historical spellingmodifies wapperenwapperenflutterwapperen · verb, present, pluralmain verb of the clauseteatte · prepositionpreposition marking BataviaBataviaBataviaBatavia · proper noun, neuter, singularoblique complement of teteatte · prepositionpreposition marking SamarangSamarangSamarangSemarang · proper nounoblique complement of teteatte · prepositionpreposition marking SoerabajaSoerabajaSoerabajaSurabaya · proper nounoblique complement of teteatte · prepositionpreposition marking PassaroeanPassaroeanPassaroeanPasuruan · proper nounoblique complement of teteatte · prepositionpreposition marking BezoekiBezoekiBezoekiBesuki · proper nounoblique complement of teteatte · prepositionpreposition marking ProbolingoProbolingoProbolingoProbolinggo · proper nounoblique complement of teteatte · prepositionpreposition marking PatjitanPatjitanPatjitanPacitan · proper nounoblique complement of teteatte · prepositionpreposition marking TjilatjapTjilatjapTjilatjapCilacap · proper nounoblique complement of tedethede · determinerdeterminer of vlaggenvlaggenflagsvlag · noun, pluralsubject of wapperenaanonaan · prepositionpart of fixed phrase aan boordboordboardboord · noun, neuter, singularpart of fixed phrase aan boordderof thede · determiner, genitive pluralintroduces genitive modifier schepenschepenshipsschip · noun, pluralgenitive modifier of boorddiewhichdie · pronounrelative pronoun referring to schepen; subject of wordenbeladenloadedbeladen · verb, past participlepast participle in passive constructionwordenare beingworden · auxiliary verb, present, pluralpassive auxiliary of beladenmetwithmet · prepositionpreposition marking oogstendethede · determinerdeterminer of oogstenoogstenharvestsoogst · noun, pluraloblique complement of metdiethatdie · pronounrelative pronoun referring to oogsten; subject of makenNederlandthe NetherlandsNederland · proper noun, neuter, singulardirect object of makenrykrichrijk · adjectiveobject complement of Nederlandmakenmakemaken · verb, present, pluralmain verb of relative clauseHongersnoodFaminehongersnood · noun, common gender, singularelliptical rhetorical question - 127
On rich, fertile, blessed Java, famine? Yes, reader.
OpOnop · prepositionpreposition marking Javahetthehet · determinerdeterminer of Javarykerichrijk · adjective, attributive, historical spellingmodifies Javavruchtbarefertilevruchtbaar · adjectivemodifies Javagezegendeblessedgezegend · adjective, attributivemodifies JavaJavaJavaJava · proper noun, neuter, singularoblique complement of ophongersnoodfaminehongersnood · noun, common gender, singularelliptical rhetorical question located by op JavaJaYesja · interjectionaffirmative answerlezerreaderlezer · noun, common gender, singularvocative - 128
A few years ago whole districts died out from hunger. Mothers offered their children for sale in exchange for food.
Vooragovoor · prepositionpreposition marking jarenweinigea fewweinig · indefinite adjectivemodifies jarenjarenyearsjaar · noun, pluraloblique complement of voorzynhavezijn · auxiliary verb, present, pluralperfect auxiliary of uitgestorvengeheelewholegeheel · adjectivemodifies distriktendistriktendistrictsdistrict · noun, plural, historical spellingsubject of uitgestorvenuitgestorvendied outuitsterven · verb, participlemain verb of the sentencevanfromvan · prepositionpreposition marking hongerhongerhungerhonger · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of vanMoedersMothersmoeder · noun, pluralsubject of bodenbodenofferedbieden · verb, past, pluralmain verb of the sentencehuntheirhun · pronounpossessor of kinderenkinderenchildrenkind · noun, pluraldirect object of bodente-koopfor salete koop · adverbial phrase, historical hyphenationpredicative complement of kinderenvoorforvoor · prepositionpreposition marking spijsspyzefoodspijs · noun, common gender, singular, historical spellingoblique complement of voor - 129
Mothers have eaten their children ... But then the mother country took the matter in hand.
MoedersMothersmoeder · noun, pluralsubject of gegetenhebbenhavehebben · auxiliary verb, present, pluralauxiliary of gegetenhuntheirhun · pronounpossessor of kinderenkinderenchildrenkind · noun, pluraldirect object of gegetengegeteneateneten · verb, participlemain verb of the sentenceMaarButmaar · conjunctionintroduces the clause of bemoeidtoenthentoen · adverbmodifies bemoeidheefthashebben · auxiliary verb, present, singularauxiliary of bemoeidzichitselfzich · pronoun, accusative, reflexivereflexive particle of bemoeid'tthehet · determinerdeterminer of moederlandmoederlandmother countrymoederland · noun, neuter, singularsubject of bemoeidmetwithmet · prepositionpreposition marking zaakdiethatdie · determinerdeterminer of zaakzaakmatterzaak · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of bemoeidbemoeidconcernedbemoeien · verb, past participlemain verb of the sentence - 130
In the council chambers of the people's representatives there was discontent over it, and the Governor-General of the time had to issue orders that the expansion of the so-called European-market produce should henceforth no longer be carried so far as to bring on famine ...
InInin · prepositionpreposition marking raadzalendethede · determinerdeterminer of raadzalenraadzalencouncil chambersraadzaal · noun, pluraloblique complement of inderof thede · determiner, genitive singularintroduces genitive modifier volksvertegenwoordigingvolksvertegenwoordigingpeople's representativesvolksvertegenwoordiging · noun, common gender, singulargenitive modifier of raadzalenishaszijn · auxiliary verb, present, singularperfect auxiliary of geweestmenonemen · pronoun, nominativesubject of geweestdaaroverabout itdaarover · adverbmodifies ontevredenontevredendissatisfiedontevreden · adjectivepredicative complement of geweestgeweestbeenzijn · verb, past participlemain copular verb of first clauseenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdethede · determinerdeterminer of Landvoogdtoenmaligethentoenmalig · adjectivemodifies LandvoogdLandvoogdGovernor-Generallandvoogd · noun, masculine singularsubject of heeftheefthashebben · auxiliary verb, present, singularperfect auxiliary governing moeten gevenbevelenordersbevel · noun, pluraldirect object of gevenmoetenhad tomoeten · auxiliary verb, infinitivemodal infinitive governing gevengevengivegeven · verb, infinitivemain infinitive of the clausedatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of voortzettenmenonemen · pronoun, nominativesubject of voortzettendethede · determinerdeterminer of uitbreidinguitbreidingexpansionuitbreiding · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of voortzettenderof thede · determiner, genitive pluralintroduces genitive modifier europesche-marktproduktendusgenaamdeso-calleddusgenaamd · adjective, attributive, archaicmodifies europesche-marktprodukteneuropesche-marktproduktenEuropean-market produceEuropees marktproduct · noun, plural, historical spelling and hyphenationgenitive modifier of uitbreidingvoortaanhenceforthvoortaan · adverbmodifies voortzettennietnotniet · adverbmodifies voortzettenwederagainweer · adverb, archaic formmodifies voortzettenzouwouldzullen · auxiliary verb, past, singularauxiliary of voortzettenvoortzettencontinuevoortzetten · verb, infinitivemain infinitive of subordinate clausetottotot · prepositionfirst part of circumposition tot ... toehongersnoodfaminehongersnood · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of circumposition tot ... toetoeas far astoe · adverbial particlesecond part of circumposition tot ... toe - 131
I have grown bitter over this. What would you think of a man who could set down such things without bitterness?
IkIik · pronoun, nominativesubject of gewordenbenhavezijn · auxiliary verb, present, first-person singularauxiliary of gewordendaarover thisdaar · pronominal adverbadverbial complement of gewordenbitterbitterbitter · adjectivesubject complement with gewordengewordenbecomeworden · verb, past participlemain verb of the first sentenceWatWhatwat · interrogative pronoundirect object of denkenzoudtwouldzullen · modal auxiliary, past, second-person singularauxiliary of denkengeyouge · pronoun, nominative, second-person singularsubject of denkendenkenthinkdenken · verb, infinitivemain verb of the questionvanofvan · prepositionintroduces complement iemandiemandsomeoneiemand · indefinite pronouncomplement of vandiewhodie · relative pronoun, nominativesubject of neerschryvenzulkesuchzulk · demonstrative determiner, pluraldeterminer of zakenzakenthingszaak · noun, pluraldirect object of neerschryvenkoncouldkunnen · modal auxiliary, past, singularauxiliary of neerschryvenneerschryvenwrite downneerschrijven · verb, infinitivemain verb of relative clause on iemandHistorical spelling of modern neerschrijven.
zonderwithoutzonder · prepositionintroduces complement bitterheidbitterheidbitternessbitterheid · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of zonder - 132
It remains for me to speak of the last and chief sort of income belonging to the native chiefs: the arbitrary disposal of the persons and property of their subjects.
Mymemij · pronoun, dative, first-person singularindirect object of blyftblyftremainsblijven · verb, present, third-person singularmain verb of the clauseoverleftover · separable adverbial particleparticle of blyfttetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive sprekensprekenspeakspreken · verb, infinitiveinfinitive complement of blyftvanofvan · prepositionintroduces complement soortdethede · determiner, definitedeterminer of soortlaatstelastlaat · adjective, superlative, inflectedmodifies soortenanden · coordinating conjunctioncoordinates laatste and voornaamstevoornaamstechiefvoornaam · adjective, superlative, inflectedmodifies soortsoortkindsoort · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of vanderof thede · determiner, definite, genitive pluraldeterminer of inkomsteninkomstenincomeinkomst · noun, pluralgenitive modifier of soortvanofvan · prepositionintroduces complement hoofdeninlandschenativeinlands · adjective, inflectedmodifies hoofdenhoofdenchiefshoofd · noun, pluralcomplement of vanhetthehet · determiner, definitedeterminer of nominalized beschikkenwillekeurigarbitrarywillekeurig · adjective, uninflectedmodifies nominalized beschikkenbeschikkendisposalbeschikken · nominalized verb, infinitiveapposition explaining soortoveroverover · prepositionintroduces complements personen and eigendommenpersonenpersonspersoon · noun, pluralcomplement of overenanden · coordinating conjunctioncoordinates personen and eigendommeneigendommenpropertyeigendom · noun, pluralcoordinated complement of overhunnerof theirhun · possessive pronoun, genitive pluraldeterminer of onderhoorigenonderhoorigensubjectsonderhorige · noun, pluralgenitive dependent of personen and eigendommen - 133
According to the general notion throughout almost the whole of Asia, the subject, with all that he possesses, belongs to the prince.
VolgensAccording tovolgens · prepositionintroduces complement begriphetthehet · determiner, definitedeterminer of begripalgemeengeneralalgemeen · adjective, uninflectedmodifies begripbegripnotionbegrip · noun, neuter, singularcomplement of volgensinthroughoutin · prepositionintroduces locative complement Aziëbynaalmostbijna · adverbmodifies geheelgeheelwholegeheel · adjective, uninflectedmodifies AziëAzieAsiaAzië · proper nouncomplement of inHistorical spelling omits the modern diaeresis.
behoortbelongsbehoren · verb, present, third-person singularmain verb of the sentencedethede · determiner, definitedeterminer of onderdaanonderdaansubjectonderdaan · noun, common gender, singularsubject of behoortmetwithmet · prepositionintroduces accompanying phrase al wat hy bezitalallal · indefinite pronoun, neuter singularhead of complement of metwatthatwat · relative pronoun, neuter singulardirect object of bezithyhehij · pronoun, nominative, third-person singularsubject of bezitbezitpossessesbezitten · verb, present, third-person singularmain verb of relative clause on alaantoaan · prepositionintroduces complement vorstdenthede · determiner, definite, dative masculine singulardeterminer of vorstvorstprincevorst · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of aan - 134
This is the case on Java as well, and the descendants or kinsmen of the former princes gladly make use of the ignorance of the population, which does not rightly grasp that its Tommongong or Adhipatti or Pangerang is now a salaried official who has sold his own rights and theirs for a fixed income, and that the scantily paid labor in coffee garden or sugar field has therefore taken the place of the taxes that the lords of the land formerly exacted from the inhabitants.
DitThisdit · demonstrative pronoun, neuter singularsubject of isisiszijn · verb, present, third-person singularcopula linking Dit and gevalookalsoook · adverbmodifies the locative phrase op Javaoponop · prepositionintroduces locative complement JavaJavaJavaJava · proper nouncomplement of ophetthehet · determiner, definitedeterminer of gevalgevalcasegeval · noun, neuter, singularsubject complement of isenanden · coordinating conjunctioncoordinates the two main clausesdethede · determiner, definitedeterminer of afstammelingenafstammelingendescendantsafstammeling · noun, pluralsubject of makenoforof · coordinating conjunctioncoordinates afstammelingen and verwantenverwantenkinsmenverwant · noun, pluralcoordinated subject of makenderof thede · determiner, definite, genitive pluraldeterminer of vorstenvroegereformervroeger · adjective, inflectedmodifies vorstenvorstenprincesvorst · noun, pluralgenitive dependent of afstammelingen and verwantenmakenmakemaken · verb, present, third-person pluralmain verb of the second main clausegaarnegladlygaarne · adverbmodifies makengebruikusegebruik · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of makenvanofvan · prepositionintroduces complement onkundedethede · determiner, definitedeterminer of onkundeonkundeignoranceonkunde · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of vanderof thede · determiner, definite, genitive singulardeterminer of bevolkingbevolkingpopulationbevolking · noun, common gender, singulargenitive dependent of onkundediewhichdie · relative pronoun, nominativesubject of begryptnietnotniet · adverbnegates begryptrechtrightlyrecht · adverbmodifies begryptbegryptgraspsbegrijpen · verb, present, third-person singularmain verb of relative clause on bevolkingHistorical spelling of modern begrijpt.
datthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces first object clause of begrypthaaritshaar · possessive determiner, third-person singulardeterminer of coordinated titlesTommongongTommongongTommongong · noun, title, singularfirst coordinated subject of isoforof · coordinating conjunctioncoordinates Tommongong and AdhipattiAdhipattiAdhipattiAdhipatti · noun, title, singularcoordinated subject of isoforof · coordinating conjunctioncoordinates Adhipatti and PangerangPangerangPangerangPangerang · noun, title, singularcoordinated subject of isthansnowthans · adverbmodifies iseenaeen · determiner, indefinitedeterminer of ambtenaarbezoldigdsalariedbezoldigd · adjective, uninflectedmodifies ambtenaarambtenaarofficialambtenaar · noun, common gender, singularsubject complement of isisiszijn · verb, present, third-person singularcopula linking titles and ambtenaardiewhodie · relative pronoun, nominativesubject of verkochtzynhiszijn · possessive determiner, third-person singulardeterminer of omitted rechteneigenown rightseigen · adjective, substantivizeddirect object of verkocht with omitted rechtenenanden · coordinating conjunctioncoordinates eigen and rechtenhareitshaar · possessive determiner, third-person singulardeterminer of rechtenrechtenrightsrecht · noun, pluralcoordinated direct object of verkochtvoorforvoor · prepositionintroduces price complement inkomeneenaeen · determiner, indefinitedeterminer of inkomenbepaaldfixedbepaald · adjective, uninflectedmodifies inkomeninkomenincomeinkomen · noun, neuter, singularcomplement of voorverkochtsoldverkopen · verb, past participlemain verb of relative clause on ambtenaarheefthashebben · auxiliary verb, present, third-person singularauxiliary of verkochtenanden · coordinating conjunctioncoordinates two object clauses of begryptdatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces second object clause of begryptdusthereforedus · adverbmodifies getredendethede · determiner, definitedeterminer of arbeidschraalscantilyschraal · adverbmodifies beloondebeloondepaidbelonen · adjective, past participial, inflectedmodifies arbeidarbeidlaborarbeid · noun, common gender, singularsubject of is getredenininin · prepositionintroduces workplace complementkoffituincoffee gardenkoffietuin · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of inHistorical spelling of modern koffietuin.
oforof · coordinating conjunctioncoordinates koffituin and suikerveldsuikerveldsugar fieldsuikerveld · noun, neuter, singularcoordinated complement of ininintoin · prepositionfirst part of fixed phrase in de plaats vandethede · determiner, definitedeterminer of plaatsplaatsplaceplaats · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of ingetredensteppedtreden · verb, past participlemain verb of second object clauseishaszijn · auxiliary verb, present, third-person singularauxiliary of getredenvanofvan · prepositioncompletes fixed phrase in de plaats vandethede · determiner, definitedeterminer of belastingenbelastingentaxesbelasting · noun, pluralcomplement of vandiewhichdie · relative pronoun, nominativesubject of passive gevorderd werdenvroegerformerlyvroeger · adverbmodifies gevorderddoorbydoor · prepositionintroduces passive agent heerendethede · determiner, definitedeterminer of heerenheerenlordsheer · noun, pluralcomplement of doordesof thede · determiner, definite, genitive singulardeterminer of landslandslandland · noun, neuter, genitive singulargenitive dependent of heerenvanfromvan · prepositionintroduces source complement opgezetenendethede · determiner, definitedeterminer of opgezetenenopgezeteneninhabitantsopgezetene · noun, pluralcomplement of vangevorderdexactedvorderen · verb, past participlemain verb of relative clause on belastingenwerdenwereworden · passive auxiliary, past, third-person pluralauxiliary of gevorderd - 135
Nothing, then, is more common than that hundreds of households are summoned from a great distance to work, without payment, fields that belong to the Regent.
NietsNothingniets · indefinite pronoun, neuter singularsubject of isisiszijn · verb, present, third-person singularcopula linking Niets and gewonerdusthendus · adverbmodifies the clausegewonermore commongewoon · adjective, comparativesubject complement of isdanthandan · comparative conjunctionintroduces comparison clausedatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces comparative clause after danhonderdehundreds ofhonderd · indefinite numeral, pluralquantifies huisgezinnenhuisgezinnenhouseholdshuisgezin · noun, pluralsubject of passive worden opgeroepenvanfromvan · prepositionintroduces source complement afstandverrena greatver · adjective, inflectedmodifies afstandafstanddistanceafstand · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of vanwordenareworden · passive auxiliary, present, third-person pluralauxiliary of opgeroepenopgeroepensummonedoproepen · verb, past participlemain verb of clause introduced by datomtoom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces purpose infinitive bewerkenzonderwithoutzonder · prepositionintroduces complement betalingbetalingpaymentbetaling · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of zonderveldenfieldsveld · noun, pluraldirect object of bewerkentetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive bewerkenbewerkenworkbewerken · verb, infinitivepurpose complement of opgeroependiewhichdie · relative pronoun, nominative pluralsubject of toebehoorendento thede · determiner, definite, dative masculine singulardeterminer of RegentRegentRegentregent · noun, common gender, singularindirect object of toebehoorentoebehoorenbelongtoebehoren · verb, present, third-person pluralmain verb of relative clause on veldenHistorical spelling of modern toebehoren.
- 136
Nothing is more common than the unpaid supplying of provisions for the upkeep of the Regent's household. And should that Regent cast a covetous eye upon the horse, the buffalo, the daughter, the wife of the humble man, it would be thought unheard-of were the latter to refuse the unconditional surrender of the coveted object.
NietsNothingniets · indefinite pronoun, neuter singularsubject of isisiszijn · verb, present, third-person singularcopula linking Niets and gewonergewonermore commongewoon · adjective, comparativesubject complement of isdanthandan · comparative conjunctionintroduces comparison phrasehetthehet · determiner, definitedeterminer of nominalized verstrekkenonbetaaldunpaidonbetaald · adjective, uninflectedmodifies nominalized verstrekkenverstrekkensupplyingverstrekken · nominalized verb, infinitivehead of comparison phrasevanofvan · prepositionintroduces complement levensmiddelenlevensmiddelenprovisionslevensmiddel · noun, pluralcomplement of vanten-behoevefor the benefitten behoeve · compound prepositionintroduces complement hofhoudingHistorical hyphenation of modern ten behoeve.
derof thede · determiner, definite, genitive singulardeterminer of hofhoudinghofhoudinghouseholdhofhouding · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of ten-behoevevanofvan · prepositionintroduces complement Regentdenthede · determiner, definite, dative masculine singulardeterminer of RegentRegentRegentregent · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of vanEnAnden · coordinating conjunctionintroduces the second sentencewanneerwhenwanneer · subordinating conjunctionintroduces conditional clausediethatdie · demonstrative determinerdeterminer of RegentRegentRegentregent · noun, common gender, singularsubject of mocht slaaneenaeen · determiner, indefinitedeterminer of ooggevalligcovetousgevallig · adjective, uninflectedmodifies oogoogeyeoog · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of slaanmochtmightmogen · modal auxiliary, past, third-person singularauxiliary of slaanslaancastslaan · verb, infinitivemain verb of conditional clauseopuponop · prepositionintroduces coordinated objectshetthehet · determiner, definitedeterminer of paardpaardhorsepaard · noun, neuter, singularcomplement of opdenthede · determiner, definite, accusative masculine singulardeterminer of buffelbuffelbuffalobuffel · noun, common gender, singularcoordinated complement of opdethede · determiner, definitedeterminer of dochterdochterdaughterdochter · noun, common gender, singularcoordinated complement of opdethede · determiner, definitedeterminer of vrouwvrouwwifevrouw · noun, common gender, singularcoordinated complement of opvanofvan · prepositionintroduces possessor mandenthede · determiner, definite, dative masculine singulardeterminer of mangeringenhumblegering · adjective, inflectedmodifies manmanmanman · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of vanzouwouldzullen · modal auxiliary, past, third-person singularauxiliary of vindenmenonemen · indefinite pronoun, nominativesubject of vinden'tithet · pronoun, neuter singulardirect object of vindenongehoordunheard-ofongehoord · adjectiveobject complement with vindenvindenfindvinden · verb, infinitivemain verb of main clausealsifals · subordinating conjunctionintroduces conditional clausedezethe latterdeze · demonstrative pronoun, nominative singularsubject of weigerdedenthede · determiner, definite, accusative masculine singulardeterminer of afstandonvoorwaardelykenunconditionalonvoorwaardelijk · adjective, inflectedmodifies afstandHistorical spelling of modern onvoorwaardelijke.
afstandsurrenderafstand · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of weigerdevanofvan · prepositionintroduces complement voorwerphetthehet · determiner, definitedeterminer of voorwerpbegeerdcovetedbegeren · adjective, past participialmodifies voorwerpvoorwerpobjectvoorwerp · noun, neuter, singularcomplement of vanweigerderefusedweigeren · verb, past, third-person singularmain verb of clause introduced by als - 137
There are Regents who make a moderate use of such arbitrary dispositions, and demand no more of the humble man than is strictly necessary to maintain their rank.
Erthereer · adverbexpletive adverb with zynzynarezijn · verb, present, pluralmain verb of the sentenceRegentenRegentsregent · noun, common gender, pluralsubject of zyndiewhodie · relative pronoun, pluralsubject of maken and vorderenvanofvan · prepositionpreposition introducing complement of gebruikzoodanigesuchzodanig · adjective, inflectedmodifies beschikkingenwillekeurigearbitrarywillekeurig · adjective, inflectedmodifies beschikkingenbeschikkingendispositionsbeschikking · noun, common gender, pluralcomplement of vaneenaeen · determinerdeterminer of gebruikmatigmoderatematig · adjectivemodifies gebruikgebruikusegebruik · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of makenmakenmakemaken · verb, present, pluralverb of relative clause on Regentenenanden · conjunctioncoordinates maken and vorderennietnoniet · adverbpart of niet meer, modifying vorderenmeermoreveel · adverb, comparativepart of niet meer, object quantity of vorderenvanofvan · prepositionintroduces the person from whom something is demandeddenthede · determiner, masculine singulardeterminer of mangeringenhumblegering · adjective, inflectedmodifies manmanmanman · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of vanvorderendemandvorderen · verb, present, pluralcoordinated verb with makendanthandan · adverbintroduces the comparative limit of niet meertotfortot · prepositionintroduces purpose complement of noodighetthehet · determinermarks ophouden as a nominalized infinitiveophoudenmaintenanceophouden · nominalized infinitive, neuter singularcomplement of tot; subject of isvanofvan · prepositionintroduces object of ophoudenhuntheirhun · possessive determiner, plural possessordeterminer of rangrangrankrang · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of vanvolstrektstrictlyvolstrekt · adverbmodifies noodignoodignecessarynodig · adjectivepredicative complement of isisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula with noodig - 138
Others go somewhat further, and nowhere is this unlawfulness wholly absent.
Anderenothersander · indefinite pronoun, pluralsubject of gaangaangogaan · verb, present, pluralmain verb of the sentenceietssomewhatiets · indefinite pronoun used adverbiallydegree modifier of verderverderfurtherver · adverb, comparativemodifies gaanenanden · conjunctioncoordinates the two main clausesgeheel-en-alwhollygeheel en al · adverbmodifies ontbreektontbreektis absentontbreken · verb, present, singularmain verb of the second clausedezethisdeze · determinerdeterminer of onwettigheidonwettigheidunlawfulnessonwettigheid · noun, common gender, singularsubject of ontbreektnergensnowherenergens · adverbmodifies ontbreekt - 139
It is therefore difficult, indeed impossible, to root out such abuse entirely, since it is deeply rooted in the very nature of the population that suffers under it.
Hetithet · pronounexpletive with moeielykisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula with moeielyk and onmogelykdanthendan · adverbpart of dan ook, marking consequenceookalsoook · adverbpart of dan ook, marking consequencemoeielykdifficultmoeilijk · adjectivepredicative complement of isjaindeedja · interjectionintensifies the correction to onmogelykonmogelykimpossibleonmogelijk · adjectivepredicative complement of isHistorical spelling of onmogelijk.
zoodanigsuchzodanig · adjective, uninflectedmodifies misbruikmisbruikabusemisbruik · noun, neuter, singularobject of uitteroeiengeheelentirelygeheel · adverbmodifies uitteroeienuitteroeiento root outuitroeien · verb, infinitive with teinfinitival subject of is moeielyk/onmogelykHistorical fused spelling of uit te roeien.
daarsincedaar · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of geworteldhetithet · pronounsubject of is gewortelddiepdeeplydiep · adverbmodifies geworteldgeworteldrootedwortelen · verb, past participlepredicative complement of isisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula with geworteldininin · prepositionintroduces the location of what is rooteddenthede · determiner, masculine singulardeterminer of aardaardnatureaard · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of inderof thede · determiner, genitive singulardeterminer of bevolkingbevolkingpopulationbevolking · noun, common gender, singulargenitive complement of aardzelfitselfzelf · emphatic pronounemphasizes bevolkingdiethatdie · relative pronounsubject of lydteriter · pronominal adverbcomplement of onder, referring to misbruikonderunderonder · prepositioncombines with er as eronderlydtsufferslijden · verb, present, singularverb of relative clause on bevolkingLydt is a historical spelling of lijdt.
- 140
The Javanese is openhanded, above all where it is a matter of giving proof of his attachment to his Chief, to the descendant of those whom his fathers obeyed.
Dethede · determinerdeterminer of JavaanJavaanJavaneseJavaan · noun, common gender, singularsubject of isisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula with gulgulopenhandedgul · adjectivepredicative complement of isvooralabove allvooral · adverbmodifies the clause waar het te doen iswaarwherewaar · relative adverbintroduces an adverbial clause modifying gulhetithet · pronounexpletive subject of is te doentetote · infinitive markermarks doen as infinitivedoendodoen · verb, infinitivepart of idiom het is te doen omisiszijn · verb, present, singularfinite verb of waar-clauseomofom · prepositioncompletes idiom het is te doen om and introduces geveneenaeen · determinerdeterminer of bewysbewysproofbewijs · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of gevenBewys is a historical spelling of bewijs.
tetote · infinitive markermarks geven as infinitivegevengivegeven · verb, infinitivecomplement of omvanofvan · prepositionintroduces what the proof demonstratesgehechtheidattachmentgehechtheid · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of vanaantoaan · prepositionintroduces object of gehechtheidzynhiszijn · possessive determiner, singular possessordeterminer of HoofdHoofdChiefhoofd · noun, neuter, singularfirst complement of aanaantoaan · prepositionintroduces appositional second object of gehechtheiddenthede · determiner, masculine singulardeterminer of afstammelingafstammelingdescendantafstammeling · noun, common gender, singularsecond complement of aan; apposition to Hoofdvanofvan · prepositionintroduces the ancestors of afstammelinghenthosehen · personal pronoun, pluralcomplement of van; antecedent of wienwienwhomwie · relative pronoun, obliqueobject of gehoorzaamdenzynhiszijn · possessive determiner, singular possessordeterminer of vaderenvaderenfathersvader · noun, pluralsubject of gehoorzaamdengehoorzaamdenobeyedgehoorzamen · verb, past, pluralverb of relative clause on hen - 141
Indeed, he would feel that he fell short of the reverence he owes his hereditary lord were he to set foot in his kraton without gifts.
Jaindeedja · interjectiondiscourse interjection introducing the statementhyhehij · personal pronoun, singularsubject of zou meenenzouwouldzullen · auxiliary verb, past, singularmodal auxiliary of meenenmeenenfeelmenen · verb, infinitivemain lexical verb governed by zouMeenen is a historical spelling of menen.
te-kortfall shorttekort · adverbseparable element of te-kort doentetote · infinitive markermarks doen as infinitivedoendodoen · verb, infinitiveinfinitival complement of meenen; combines with te-kortaanofaan · prepositionintroduces the respect affected by te-kort doendenthede · determiner, masculine singulardeterminer of eerbiedeerbiedreverenceeerbied · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of aandienwhichdie · relative pronoun, masculine singulardirect object of verschuldigd; refers to eerbiedhyhehij · personal pronoun, singularsubject of is verschuldigdaantoaan · prepositionintroduces the person to whom reverence is owedzynhiszijn · possessive determiner, singular possessordeterminer of heererfelykenhereditaryerfelijk · adjective, inflectedmodifies heerheerlordheer · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of aanverschuldigdowesverschuldigd · adjectivepredicative complement of isisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula with verschuldigdwanneerifwanneer · subordinating conjunctionintroduces a hypothetical conditionhyhehij · personal pronoun, singularsubject of betradzonderwithoutzonder · prepositionpreposition marking geschenkengeschenkengiftsgeschenk · noun, pluralcomplement of zonderdienshisdie · possessive determiner, singulardeterminer of kratoonkratoonkratonkraton · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of betradA kraton is a Javanese ruler's palace or court.
betradenteredbetreden · verb, past, singularverb of the conditional clause - 142
Such gifts are then often of so little value that to refuse them would carry something humiliating in itself, and thus this custom is often more to be likened to the homage of a child who seeks to express his love for his father by offering a small present, than to be construed as tribute paid to tyrannical caprice.
Zulkesuchzulk · demonstrative determiner, pluraldeterminer of geschenkengeschenkengiftsgeschenk · noun, pluralsubject of zynzynarezijn · verb, present, pluralcopula with van ... waardedanthendan · adverbpart of dan ook, marking consequenceookalsoook · adverbpart of dan ook, marking consequencedikwylsoftendikwijls · adverbmodifies zynvanofvan · prepositionintroduces predicative complement waardezoosozo · adverbdegree modifier of weinigweiniglittleweinig · quantifying adjectivemodifies waardewaardevaluewaarde · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of vandatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces a result clausehetthehet · determinermarks afwyzen as a nominalized infinitiveafwyzenrefusingafwijzen · nominalized infinitive, neuter singularsubject of zou sluitenAfwyzen is a historical spelling of afwijzen.
ietssomethingiets · pronoundirect object of sluitenvernederendshumiliatingvernederend · nominalized adjective, neuter singularmodifies ietszouwouldzullen · auxiliary verb, past, singularmodal auxiliary of sluitenininin · prepositionpart of in zich, modifying sluitenzichitselfzich · pronoun, accusative, reflexivereflexive complement of insluitencarrysluiten · verb, infinitivemain verb of the result clauseenanden · conjunctioncoordinates the two main clausesvaakoftenvaak · adverbmodifies is te vergelykenisiszijn · verb, present, singularfinite verb with infinitival predicates vergelyken and optevattenalzoothusalzo · adverbmodifies the second main clausedezethisdeze · determinerdeterminer of gewoontegewoontecustomgewoonte · noun, common gender, singularsubject of iseerdermoreeerder · adverb, comparativemodifies te vergelykentetote · infinitive markermarks vergelyken as infinitivevergelykenbe likenedvergelijken · verb, infinitivefirst infinitival predicate governed by isVergelyken is a historical spelling of vergelijken.
mettomet · prepositionintroduces comparison complement of vergelykendethede · determinerdeterminer of huldehuldehomagehulde · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of metvanofvan · prepositionintroduces possessor/source of huldeeenaeen · determinerdeterminer of kindkindchildkind · noun, neuter, singularcomplement of vandatwhodat · relative pronoun, neuter singularsubject of trachtzynhiszijn · possessive determiner, singular possessordeterminer of liefdeliefdeloveliefde · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of uitentotfortot · prepositionintroduces object of liefdedenthede · determiner, masculine singulardeterminer of vadervaderfathervader · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of tottrachtseekstrachten · verb, present, singularverb of relative clause on kindtetote · infinitive markermarks uiten as infinitiveuitenexpressuiten · verb, infinitiveinfinitival complement of trachtdoorbydoor · prepositionintroduces the means of uiten'tthehet · determiner, contractedmarks aanbieden as a nominalized infinitive't is a contraction of het.
aanbiedenofferingaanbieden · nominalized infinitive, neuter singularcomplement of doorvanofvan · prepositionintroduces object of aanbiedeneenaeen · determinerdeterminer of geschenkkleinsmallklein · adjectivemodifies geschenkgeschenkpresentgeschenk · noun, neuter, singularcomplement of vandanthandan · adverbintroduces second term of eerder ... dan comparisonoptevattento be construedopvatten · verb, infinitive with tesecond infinitival predicate governed by isHistorical fused spelling of op te vatten.
alsasals · prepositionintroduces predicative complement of optevattenschattingtributeschatting · noun, common gender, singularpredicative complement of optevattenaantoaan · prepositionintroduces object associated with schattingdwingelandschetyrannicaldwingelands · adjective, inflectedmodifies willekeurwillekeurcapricewillekeur · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of aan - 143
But ... in this way a dear custom hinders the abolition of abuse.
Maarbutmaar · conjunctionintroduces a contrasting main clausealdusthusaldus · adverbmodifies belemmerdwordtisworden · auxiliary verb, present, singularpassive auxiliary of belemmerddoorbydoor · prepositionintroduces the agent of the passive clauseeenaeen · determinerdeterminer of gebruikliefdearlief · adjectivemodifies gebruikgebruikcustomgebruik · noun, neuter, singularagent complement of doordethede · determinerdeterminer of afschaffingafschaffingabolitionafschaffing · noun, common gender, singularsubject of wordt belemmerdvanofvan · prepositionintroduces object of afschaffingmisbruikabusemisbruik · noun, neuter, singularcomplement of vanbelemmerdhinderedbelemmeren · verb, past participlemain verb of the passive clause - 144
If the aloen-aloen before the Regent's dwelling lay in a neglected state, the population living nearby would be ashamed of it, and much authority would be needed to keep them from clearing that square of weeds and bringing it into a state befitting the Regent's rank.
Indienifindien · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lagdethede · determinerdeterminer of aloen-aloenaloen-aloentown squarealoen-aloen · noun, common gender, singularsubject of lagA Javanese aloen-aloen is the large public square before a regent’s residence.
voorbeforevoor · prepositionpreposition marking woningdethede · determinerdeterminer of woningwoningdwellingwoning · noun, common gender, singularobject of voor; modifies aloen-aloenvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking Regentdenthede · determiner, archaic inflected formdeterminer of RegentRegentRegentregent · noun, common gender, singularobject of van; possessor of woningininin · prepositionpreposition marking staatverwilderdenneglectedverwilderd · adjective, inflectedmodifies staatstaatstatestaat · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of laglaglayliggen · verb, past, singularverb of the conditional clausezouwouldzullen · auxiliary verb, past, singularauxiliary of wezendethede · determinerdeterminer of bevolkingnabywonendeliving nearbynabijwonend · adjective, inflectedmodifies bevolkingbevolkingpopulationbevolking · noun, common gender, singularsubject of zou wezenhieroverabout thishierover · pronominal adverbcomplement of beschaamdbeschaamdashamedbeschaamd · adjectivepredicative complement of wezenwezenbewezen · verb, infinitivecopula linking bevolking to beschaamdenanden · conjunctionlinks the clauses of zou wezen and wareerthereer · existential adverbintroduces the existential clausewarewould bezijn · verb, past subjunctive, singularmain verb of the existential clauseveelmuchveel · quantifierquantifies gezagsgezagsauthoritygezag · noun, neuter, singular, partitive genitivehead of subject of warenoodigneedednodig · adjectivepredicative complement with wareomin order toom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the purpose infinitive belettenhaarthemhaar · pronoun, accusativedirect object of belettentetote · infinitive particlemarks infinitive belettenbelettenpreventbeletten · verb, infinitivepurpose infinitive dependent on noodigdatthatdat · demonstrative determinerdeterminer of pleinpleinsquareplein · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of reinigenvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking what is removedonkruidweedsonkruid · noun, neuter, singularcomplement of van with reinigentetote · infinitive particlemarks infinitive reinigenreinigenclearreinigen · verb, infinitiveclausal complement of belettenenanden · conjunctioncoordinates reinigen and brengenhetithet · pronoundirect object of brengentetote · infinitive particlemarks infinitive brengenbrengenbringbrengen · verb, infinitivecoordinated with reinigeninintoin · prepositionpreposition marking staateenaeen · determinerdeterminer of staatstaatstatestaat · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of brengendiewhichdie · relative pronounsubject of overeenstemt; refers to staatmetwithmet · prepositionpreposition marking rangdenthede · determiner, archaic inflected formdeterminer of rangrangrankrang · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of overeenstemtdesof thede · determiner, archaic genitive formdeterminer of RegentsRegentsRegentregent · noun, common gender, singular, genitivepossessor of rangovereenstemtaccordsovereenstemmen · verb, present, singularverb of relative clause modifying staat - 145
To give any payment for this would generally be regarded as an insult.
Hiervoorfor thishiervoor · pronominal adverbmodifies geveneenigeanyenig · indefinite determiner, inflecteddeterminer of betalingbetalingpaymentbetaling · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of geventetote · infinitive particlemarks infinitive gevengevengivegeven · verb, infinitiveinfinitival clause serving as subject of zou worden aangemerktzouwouldzullen · auxiliary verb, past, singularauxiliary of aangemerktalgemeengenerallyalgemeen · adverbmodifies aangemerktalsasals · prepositionmarks the predicative complement beleedigingeenaneen · determinerdeterminer of beleedigingbeleediginginsultbelediging · noun, common gender, singularpredicative complement of aangemerktwordenbeworden · auxiliary verb, infinitivepassive auxiliary of aangemerktaangemerktregardedaanmerken · verb, participlemain verb of the sentence - 146
But beside that aloen-aloen, or elsewhere, lie sawahs awaiting the plough, or awaiting a channel to carry water to them, often from miles away ... these sawahs belong to the Regent.
Maarbutmaar · conjunctionlinks this sentence to the preceding contrastnaastbesidenaast · prepositionpreposition marking aloen-aloendienthatdie · demonstrative determiner, archaic inflected formdeterminer of aloen-aloenaloen-aloentown squarealoen-aloen · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of liggenoforof · conjunctionlinks the coordinationelderselsewhereelders · adverbcoordinated locative complement of liggenliggenlieliggen · verb, present, pluralmain verb of the sentenceSawah'srice fieldssawah · noun, pluralsubject of liggenA sawah is an irrigated rice field.
diewhichdie · relative pronounsubject of wachtenopforop · prepositionpreposition marking ploegdenthede · determiner, archaic inflected formdeterminer of ploegploegploughploeg · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of wachtenwachtenwaitwachten · verb, present, pluralverb of relative clause modifying Sawah'soforof · conjunctioncoordinates the two complements of wachtenopforop · prepositionpreposition marking leidingeenaeen · determinerdeterminer of leidingleidingchannelleiding · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of wachtendiewhichdie · relative pronounsubject of voerenhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of waterwaterwaterwater · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of voerendaarheentheredaarheen · adverbdirectional complement of voerenmoetmustmoeten · auxiliary verb, present, singularauxiliary of voerenvoerencarryvoeren · verb, infinitiverelative clause on leidingdikwylsoftendikwijls · adverbmodifies moet voerenvanfromvan · prepositionpreposition marking mylenmylenmilesmijl · noun, pluralobject of van in the source-distance phraseverawayver · adverbcompletes the source-distance phrase modifying voerendezethesedeze · determinerdeterminer of Sawah'sSawah'srice fieldssawah · noun, pluralsubject of behoorenbehoorenbelongbehoren · verb, present, pluralmain verb of the second clausedento thede · determiner, archaic inflected formdeterminer of RegentRegentRegentregent · noun, common gender, singularindirect object of behooren - 147
To work or irrigate his fields, he summons the population of whole villages, whose own sawahs are equally in need of tending ... and there is the abuse.
Hyhehij · personal pronoun, third person singularsubject of roeptroeptcallsoproepen · verb, present, singularmain verb; combines with separable particle opomin order toom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the purpose infinitive bewerkenzynhiszijn · possessive determinerdeterminer of veldenveldenfieldsveld · noun, pluraldirect object of bewerkentetote · infinitive particlemarks infinitive bewerkenbewerkenworkbewerken · verb, infinitivepurpose infinitive modifying roept opoforof · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtetote · infinitive particlemarks infinitive besproeienbesproeienirrigatebesproeien · verb, infinitivecoordinated with bewerkendethede · determinerdeterminer of bevolkingbevolkingpopulationbevolking · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of roept opvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking dorpenganschewholegans · adjective, inflectedmodifies dorpendorpenvillagesdorp · noun, pluralobject of van; modifies bevolkingopsummonsop · separable verb particleparticle of roept ... opwierwhosewier · relative possessive determinerpossessive determiner of Sawah'seigenowneigen · adjectivemodifies Sawah'sSawah'srice fieldssawah · noun, pluralsubject of hebbenevenzeerequallyevenzeer · adverbmodifies hebben behoeftebehoefteneedbehoefte · noun, common gender, singulardirect object in hebben behoeftehebbenhavehebben · verb, present, pluralverb of relative clause modifying dorpenaanofaan · prepositionpreposition marking bearbeidingbearbeidingtendingbearbeiding · noun, common gender, singularobject of aan; complement of behoefteziedaarthere isziedaar · presentative adverbintroduces misbruikZiedaar is a literary presentative meaning “there you have” or “there is.”
hetthehet · determinerdeterminer of misbruikmisbruikabusemisbruik · noun, neuter, singularpresented noun phrase after ziedaar - 148
This is known to the Government, and whoever reads the official gazettes, which contain the laws, instructions, and guidelines for the officials, applauds the humanity that seems to have presided over their drafting.
Ditthisdit · pronounsubject of isisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula linking Dit to bekendaantoaan · prepositionpreposition marking Regeeringdethede · determinerdeterminer of RegeeringRegeeringGovernmentregering · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of bekendbekendknownbekend · adjectivepredicative complement of isenanden · conjunctionlinks the clauses of is and juicht toewiewhoeverwie · indefinite relative pronounsubject of leest and juicht toedethede · determinerdeterminer of staatsbladenstaatsbladenofficial gazettesstaatsblad · noun, pluraldirect object of leestleestreadslezen · verb, present, singularverb of the subject clause introduced by wiewaarinin whichwaarin · relative pronominal adverbintroduces the relative clause modifying staatsbladendethede · determinerdeterminer of wettenwettenlawswet · noun, pluralsubject of bevat zyninstruktieninstructionsinstructie · noun, pluralcoordinated with wettenenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhandleidingenguidelineshandleiding · noun, pluralcoordinated with wettenvoorforvoor · prepositionpreposition marking ambtenarendethede · determinerdeterminer of ambtenarenambtenarenofficialsambtenaar · noun, pluralobject of voor; modifies the coordinated nounsbevatcontainedbevatten · verb, past participlepast participle in the passive bevat zynzynarezijn · auxiliary verb, present, pluralpassive auxiliary of bevatjuichtapplaudstoejuichen · verb, present, singularmain verb; combines with separable particle toedethede · determinerdeterminer of menschlievendheidmenschlievendheidhumanitymenslievendheid · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of juicht toetoein approvaltoe · separable verb particleparticle of juicht ... toediewhichdie · relative pronounsubject of schynt te hebben voorgezeten; refers to menschlievendheidbyduringbij · prepositionpreposition marking ontwerpenhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of ontwerpenontwerpendraftingontwerpen · nominalized verb, infinitiveobject of bijdaarvanof themdaarvan · pronominal adverbcomplement of ontwerpenschyntseemsschijnen · verb, present, singularfinite verb of the relative clausetetote · infinitive particlemarks perfect infinitive hebben voorgezetenhebbenhavehebben · auxiliary verb, infinitiveauxiliary of voorgezeten in the perfect infinitivevoorgezetenpresidedvoorzitten · verb, past participlemain participle of the perfect infinitive - 149
Everywhere it is impressed upon the European, vested with authority in the interior, as one of his most sacred obligations, to protect the population against its own submissiveness and against the rapacity of the Chiefs. And, as though it were not enough to prescribe this obligation in general terms, a separate oath is further required of the assistant residents, on taking charge of the administration of a division, that they will regard this fatherly care for the population as a first duty.
Alomeverywherealom · adverbmodifies wordtwordtisworden · auxiliary verb, present, singularpassive auxiliary of gedruktdenthede · determiner, masculine singular, dativedeterminer of EuropeaanEuropeaanEuropeanEuropeaan · noun, masculine, singularindirect object of gedruktmetwithmet · prepositionpreposition marking gezaggezagauthoritygezag · noun, neuter, singularoblique complement of bekleedininin · prepositionpreposition marking binnenlandendethede · determinerdeterminer of binnenlandenbinnenlandeninterior regionsbinnenland · noun, pluraloblique complement of bekleedbekleedvestedbekleden · verb, participleparticipial modifier of Europeaanalsasals · prepositionintroduces the complement verplichtingeneenoneeen · cardinal numeral used substantivelyhead of the complement of alszynerof hiszijn · possessive pronoun, genitive pluralpartitive genitive dependent of eenZyner is the old genitive form of zijn: “of his.”
duurstemost sacredduur · adjective, superlative, pluralmodifies verplichtingenDuur here means precious or sacred, not expensive.
verplichtingenobligationsverplichting · noun, pluralpartitive genitive dependent of eenopuponop · prepositionpart of idiom op het hart drukken'tthehet · determinerdeterminer of hartharthearthart · noun, neuter, singularobject of opgedruktimpresseddrukken · verb, participlemain participle of passive clausedethede · determinerdeterminer of bevolkingbevolkingpopulationbevolking · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of beschermentetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive beschermenbeschermenprotectbeschermen · verb, infinitiveinfinitive complement of gedrukttegenagainsttegen · prepositionpreposition marking onderworpenheidhaaritshaar · possessive determiner, third person singularpossessor of onderworpenheideigenowneigen · adjectivemodifies onderworpenheidonderworpenheidsubmissivenessonderworpenheid · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of beschermenenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdethede · determinerdeterminer of hebzuchthebzuchtrapacityhebzucht · noun, common gender, singularcoordinated with onderworpenheidderof thede · determiner, genitive pluraldeterminer of HoofdenHoofdenChiefshoofd · noun, pluralgenitive dependent of hebzuchtEnAnden · conjunctionintroduces the clause of gevorderdalsas thoughals · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of genoegwarewerezijn · verb, subjunctive, past, singularcopula linking het to genoeghetithet · pronounsubject of genoegnietnotniet · adverbmodifies genoeggenoegenoughgenoeg · adjective, predicativepredicative complement of waredezethisdeze · determinerdeterminer of verplichtingverplichtingobligationverplichting · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of voorteschrijvenvoorteschryvento prescribevoorschrijven · verb, infinitiveinfinitival subject of wareVoorteschryven is the old spelling of voor te schrijven, with te placed inside the separable verb.
ininin · prepositionpreposition marking algemeen'tthehet · determinerdeterminer of algemeenalgemeengeneralalgemeen · adjective used substantivelyobject of inerthereer · pronoun, expletiveexpletive subject of wordt gevorderdwordtisworden · auxiliary verb, present, singularpassive auxiliary of gevorderdnogfurthernog · adverbmodifies gevorderdvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking adsistent-residentendethede · determinerdeterminer of adsistent-residentenadsistent-residentenassistant residentsassistent-resident · noun, pluralobject of vanbyonbij · prepositionpreposition marking aanvaardingdethede · determinerdeterminer of aanvaardingaanvaardingtaking chargeaanvaarding · noun, common gender, singularobject of bijvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking bestuur'tthehet · determinerdeterminer of bestuurbestuuradministrationbestuur · noun, neuter, singulardependent of aanvaardingeenerof aeen · determiner, feminine singular, genitivedeterminer of afdelingafdeelingdivisionafdeling · noun, common gender, singulardependent of bestuureenaeen · determinerdeterminer of eedafzonderlykeseparateafzonderlijk · adjective, inflectedmodifies eedeedoatheed · noun, common gender, singularsubject of passive gevorderdgevorderdrequiredvorderen · verb, participlemain verb of the sentencedatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of beschouwenzytheyzij · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of beschouwendezethisdeze · determinerdeterminer of zorgvaderlykefatherlyvaderlijk · adjective, inflectedmodifies zorgzorgcarezorg · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of beschouwenvoorforvoor · prepositionpreposition marking bevolkingdethede · determinerdeterminer of bevolkingbevolkingpopulationbevolking · noun, common gender, singulardependent of zorgzullenwillzullen · auxiliary verb, present, pluralauxiliary of beschouwenbeschouwenregardbeschouwen · verb, infinitivemain verb of subordinate clausealsasals · prepositionintroduces predicative complement plichteenaeen · determinerdeterminer of plichteerstenfirsteerste · adjective, inflectedmodifies plichtplichtdutyplicht · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of beschouwen - 150
This is assuredly a noble calling.
DitThisdit · pronounsubject of isisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula linking Dit to roepingvoorzekerassuredlyvoorzeker · adverbmodifies iseenaeen · determinerdeterminer of roepingschoonenobleschoon · adjective, inflectedmodifies roepingroepingcallingroeping · noun, common gender, singularpredicative complement of is - 151
To uphold justice, to protect the humble against the powerful, to shield the weak against the overwhelming force of the strong, to reclaim the poor man's ewe lamb from the stalls of the princely robber ... see, it is enough to set the heart aglow with delight at the thought that one is called to something so fine! And whoever, in the Javanese interior, may sometimes be discontented with his post or his pay, let him cast his eye upon the lofty duty that rests on him, upon the glorious satisfaction that the fulfillment of such a duty brings with it, and he will crave no other reward.
RechtvaardigheidJusticerechtvaardigheid · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of voortestaanvoortestaanto upholdvoorstaan · verb, infinitivefirst infinitive in subject phraseVoortestaan is the old spelling of voor te staan, with te inside the separable verb.
denthede · determiner, masculine singular, accusativedeterminer of geringegeringehumblegering · adjective used substantively, singulardirect object of beschermentetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive beschermenbeschermenprotectbeschermen · verb, infinitivecoordinated with voortestaantegenagainsttegen · prepositionpreposition marking machtigedenthede · determiner, masculine singular, accusativedeterminer of machtigemachtigepowerfulmachtig · adjective used substantively, singularobject of tegendenthede · determiner, masculine singular, accusativedeterminer of zwakkezwakkeweakzwak · adjective used substantively, singulardirect object of beschuttentetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive beschuttenbeschuttenshieldbeschutten · verb, infinitivecoordinated with beschermentegenagainsttegen · prepositionpreposition marking overmachtdethede · determinerdeterminer of overmachtovermachtoverwhelming forceovermacht · noun, common gender, singularobject of tegenvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking sterkedenthede · determiner, masculine singular, dativedeterminer of sterkesterkestrongsterk · adjective used substantively, singulardependent of overmachthetthehet · determinerdeterminer of ooilamooilamewe lambooilam · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of terugvorderenvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking armedenthede · determiner, masculine singular, dativedeterminer of armearmepoor manarm · adjective used substantively, singularpossessor of ooilamterugbackterug · separable verb particleparticle of terugvorderentetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive terugvorderenvorderenreclaimterugvorderen · verb, infinitivecoordinated with beschuttenuitfromuit · prepositionpreposition marking stallendethede · determinerdeterminer of stallenstallenstallsstal · noun, pluralobject of uitdesof thede · determiner, masculine singular, genitivedeterminer of roovervorstelykenprincelyvorstelijk · adjective, masculine singular, genitivemodifies rooverrooversrobberrover · noun, masculine, singular, genitivepossessor of stallenzieseezien · verb, imperative, singulardiscourse imperative'tithet · pronounsubject of isisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula with infinitive clauseomtoom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces infinitive clause'tthehet · determinerdeterminer of hartharthearthart · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of doentetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive doendoenmakedoen · verb, infinitivehead of infinitive clausegloeienglowgloeien · verb, infinitiveclausal complement of doenvanwithvan · prepositionpreposition marking genotgenotdelightgenot · noun, neuter, singularoblique complement of gloeienbyatbij · prepositionpreposition marking denkbeeld'tthehet · determinerdeterminer of denkbeelddenkbeeldthoughtdenkbeeld · noun, neuter, singularobject of bijdatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of geroepenmenonemen · pronoun, nominativesubject of geroepengeroepencalledroepen · verb, participlemain participle of passive clauseisiszijn · auxiliary verb, present, singularauxiliary of geroepentottotot · prepositionpreposition marking ietsietssomethingiets · pronounobject of totzóósozo · adverbmodifies schoonsschoonsfineschoon · adjective used substantively, partitivedependent of ietsEnAnden · conjunctionintroduces the clause of ontevredenwiewhoeverwie · pronounsubject of ontevredenininin · prepositionpreposition marking binnenlandendethede · determinerdeterminer of binnenlandenjavascheJavaneseJavaans · adjective, inflectedmodifies binnenlandenbinnenlandeninteriorbinnenland · noun, pluraloblique complement of ontevredensomssometimessoms · adverbmodifies ontevredenontevredendiscontentedontevreden · adjectivepredicative complement of zijnmogemaymogen · auxiliary verb, subjunctive, present, singularmodal auxiliary of zijnzynbezijn · verb, infinitivecopula linking wie to ontevredenmetwithmet · prepositionpreposition marking standplaatsstandplaatspoststandplaats · noun, common gender, singularoblique complement of ontevredenoforof · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbelooningpaybeloning · noun, common gender, singularcoordinated with standplaatshyhehij · pronoun, nominative, singularsubject of slaslacastslaan · verb, subjunctive, present, singularmain verb of exhortationhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of oogoogeyeoog · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of slaopuponop · prepositionpart of idiom het oog slaan opdenthede · determiner, masculine singular, accusativedeterminer of plichtverhevenloftyverheven · adjective, inflectedmodifies plichtplichtdutyplicht · noun, common gender, singularobject of opdiethatdie · pronounsubject of rustoponop · prepositionpreposition marking hemhemhimhem · pronoun, object formobject of oprustrestsrusten · verb, present, singularmain verb of relative clauseopuponop · prepositionpreposition marking genoegen'tthehet · determinerdeterminer of genoegenheerlykgloriousheerlijk · adjective, attributive, uninflectedmodifies genoegengenoegensatisfactiongenoegen · noun, neuter, singularsecond object of opdatthatdat · relative pronoun, neuter singulardirect object of brengtdethede · determinerdeterminer of vervullingvervullingfulfillmentvervulling · noun, common gender, singularsubject of brengtvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking plichtzulksuchzulk · demonstrative determinerdeterminer of plichteenaeen · determinerdeterminer of plichtplichtdutyplicht · noun, common gender, singulardependent of vervullingmetwithmet · prepositionpart of idiom met zich brengenzichitzich · pronoun, accusative, reflexiveobject of metbrengtbringsbrengen · verb, present, singularmain verb of relative clauseenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhyhehij · pronoun, nominative, singularsubject of begeerenzalwillzullen · auxiliary verb, present, singularauxiliary of begeerengeennogeen · determinerdeterminer of belooningandereotherander · adjectivemodifies belooningbelooningrewardbeloning · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of begeerenbegeerencravebegeren · verb, infinitivemain infinitive with zal - 152
But ... this duty is not easy.
MaarButmaar · conjunctionintroduces the clause of gemakkelykgemakkelykeasygemakkelijk · adjective, predicativepredicative complement of isisiszijn · verb, present, singularcopula linking plicht to gemakkelijkdezethisdeze · determinerdeterminer of plichtplichtdutyplicht · noun, common gender, singularsubject of isnietnotniet · adverbnegates gemakkelijk - 153
First of all, one must judge precisely where use has left off to make room for abuse. And ... where the abuse exists, where robbery or caprice has indeed been committed, the victims themselves are very often accomplices in it, whether out of submission carried too far, or out of fear, or out of distrust of the will or the power of the person who is supposed to protect them.
Vooreerstfirst of allvooreerst · adverbsentence adverb modifying hebbehebbemusthebben · verb, present subjunctive, singularmain verb expressing obligationmenonemen · pronoun, nominativesubject of hebbejuistpreciselyjuist · adverbmodifies beoordeelentetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive beoordeelenbeoordeelenjudgebeoordelen · verb, infinitiveinfinitival complement of hebbewaarwherewaar · adverbintroduces indirect question headed by opgehoudenhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of gebruikgebruikusegebruik · noun, neuter, singularsubject of opgehoudenheefthashebben · auxiliary verb, present, singularauxiliary of opgehoudenopgehoudenleft offophouden · verb, past participlemain participle of indirect questionomin order toom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces purpose clause with makenvoorforvoor · prepositionpreposition in voor misbruik plaats makenmisbruikabusemisbruik · noun, neuter, singularcomplement of voorplaatsroomplaats · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of makentetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive makenmakenmakemaken · verb, infinitivepurpose complement of opgehoudenEnanden · conjunctionlinks the new main clausewaarwherewaar · adverbintroduces subordinate clause headed by bestaathetthehet · determinerdeterminer of misbruikmisbruikabusemisbruik · noun, neuter, singularsubject of bestaatbestaatexistsbestaan · verb, present, singularverb of subordinate waar-clausewaarwherewaar · adverbintroduces subordinate clause headed by gepleegd isinderdaadindeedinderdaad · adverbmodifies gepleegdroofrobberyroof · noun, common gender, singularsubject of passive gepleegdoforof · conjunctionlinks the coordinationwillekeurcapricewillekeur · noun, common gender, singularcoordinated with roofgepleegdcommittedplegen · verb, past participlemain participle of passive waar-clauseishas beenzijn · auxiliary verb, present, singularpassive auxiliary of gepleegdzynarezijn · verb, present, pluralcopula linking slachtoffers to medeplichtigveelalvery oftenveelal · adverbmodifies medeplichtigdethede · determinerdeterminer of slachtoffersslachtoffersvictimsslachtoffer · noun, neuter, pluralsubject of zijnzelfthemselveszelf · intensifying pronounemphasizes slachtoffershieraanin ithieraan · pronominal adverbcomplement of medeplichtigmedeplichtigaccomplicesmedeplichtig · adjectivepredicative complement of zijnhetzywhetherhetzij · correlative conjunctionintroduces first alternative causeHistorical spelling of hetzij, used correlatively: whether ... or.
uitout ofuit · prepositionpreposition marking onderwerpingtetoote · adverbdegree modifier of ververfarver · adverbmodifies gedrevengedrevencarrieddrijven · verb, past participle used adjectivallymodifies onderwerpingonderwerpingsubmissiononderwerping · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of uithetzyorhetzij · correlative conjunctionintroduces second alternative causeuitout ofuit · prepositionpreposition marking vreesvreesfearvrees · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of uithetzyorhetzij · correlative conjunctionintroduces third alternative causeuitout ofuit · prepositionpreposition marking wantrouwenwantrouwendistrustwantrouwen · noun, neuter, singularcomplement of uitopofop · prepositionintroduces object of wantrouwendenthede · determiner, definite, masculine singulardeterminer of wilwilwillwil · noun, common gender, singularfirst coordinated complement of opoforof · conjunctioncoordinates wil and machtdethede · determinerdeterminer of machtmachtpowermacht · noun, common gender, singularsecond coordinated complement of opderof thede · determiner, definite, genitive singulardeterminer of persoonpersoonpersonpersoon · noun, common gender, singulargenitive dependent of wil and machtdiewhodie · relative pronoun, nominativesubject of beschermen moethenthemhen · pronoun, accusativedirect object of beschermenbeschermenprotectbeschermen · verb, infinitiveinfinitive governed by moetmoetmustmoeten · auxiliary verb, present, singularauxiliary of beschermen - 154
Everyone knows that the European official may at any moment be called to another post, and that the Regent, the powerful Regent, stays put.
Iedereveryoneieder · pronounsubject of weetweetknowsweten · verb, present, singularmain verb of the sentencedatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces first object clause of weetdethede · determinerdeterminer of beambteeuropescheEuropeanEuropees · adjective, inflectedmodifies beambteEuropesche is the nineteenth-century spelling of Europese.
beambteofficialbeambte · noun, common gender, singularsubject of kan geroepen wordenelkeveryelk · determinerdeterminer of oogenblikoogenblikmomentogenblik · noun, neuter, singulartime adverbial modifying geroepen wordenkanmaykunnen · auxiliary verb, present, singularauxiliary of geroepengeroepencalledroepen · verb, past participlemain participle of passive verb phrasewordenbeworden · auxiliary verb, infinitivepassive auxiliary of geroepentottotot · prepositionpreposition marking betrekkingeenaeen · determinerdeterminer of betrekkingandereanotherander · adjectivemodifies betrekkingbetrekkingpostbetrekking · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of totenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces second object clause of weetdethede · determinerdeterminer of RegentRegentRegentregent · noun, common gender, singularsubject of blijftdethede · determinerdeterminer of machtigemachtigepowerfulmachtig · adjectivemodifies RegentRegentRegentregent · noun, common gender, singularapposition to Regentdáártheredaar · adverblocative complement of blijftblyftstaysblijven · verb, present, singularverb of second object clauseHistorical spelling of blijft.
- 155
Then again, there are so very many ways of appropriating the property of a poor, simple soul!
Voortsthen againvoorts · adverbsentence adverb modifying zijnzynarezijn · verb, present, pluralmain verb of the sentenceerthereer · adverbexpletive adverb with zijnzoosozo · adverbmodifies véélvéélmanyveel · quantifierquantifies manierenmanierenwaysmanier · noun, pluralsubject of zynomtoom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces infinitive clause modifying manierenzichoneselfzich · reflexive pronounindirect reflexive object of toe-eigenenhetthehet · determinerdeterminer of eigendomeigendompropertyeigendom · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of toeteëigenenvanofvan · prepositionintroduces possessor of eigendomeenaeen · determinerdeterminer of menscharmpoorarm · adjective, uninflectedmodifies menschonnoozelsimpleonnozel · adjective, uninflectedmodifies menschOnnoozel is the historical spelling of onnozel, here meaning simple or guileless.
menschpersonmens · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of vantoeteëigenenappropriatetoe-eigenen · verb, infinitivehead of infinitive clause modifying manierenHistorical closed spelling of toe-eigenen.
- 156
If a mantrie tells him that the Regent covets his horse, with the result that the coveted animal soon finds a place in the Regent's stables, this still proves by no means that the latter did not intend--oh, certainly!--to pay a high price for it ... at some time or other.
Alsifals · subordinating conjunctionintroduces conditional clause headed by zegteenaeen · determinerdeterminer of mantriemantriemantriemantrie · noun, common gender, singularsubject of zegtMantrie is a colonial-era title for a Javanese official or attendant.
hemhimhem · personal pronoun, dativeindirect object of zegtzegttellszeggen · verb, present, singularverb of conditional clausedatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces object clause of zegtdethede · determinerdeterminer of RegentRegentRegentregent · noun, common gender, singularsubject of begeertzynhiszijn · possessive determinerdeterminer of paardpaardhorsepaard · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of begeertbegeertcovetsbegeren · verb, present, singularverb of object clauseBegeert means covets or desires here, not merely asks for.
metwithmet · prepositionpreposition marking gevolgditthisdit · determinerdeterminer of gevolggevolgresultgevolg · noun, neuter, singularcomplement of metdatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces result clausehetthehet · determinerdeterminer of dierbegeerdecovetedbegeren · adjective, inflected participialmodifies dierdieranimaldier · noun, neuter, singularsubject of gekregenweldrasoonweldra · adverbmodifies gekregenplaatsa placeplaats · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of gekregenheefthashebben · auxiliary verb, present, singularauxiliary of gekregengekregengottenkrijgen · verb, past participlemain participle of result clauseininin · prepositionpreposition marking stallendethede · determinerdeterminer of stallenstallenstablesstal · noun, pluralcomplement of invanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking dendenthede · determiner, definite, masculine singulardeterminer of RegentRegentRegentregent · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of vanbewystprovesbewijzen · verb, present, singularmain verb of the sentenceHistorical spelling of bewijst.
zulksthiszulks · demonstrative pronoun, neuter singularsubject of bewijstZulks is an archaic formal pronoun meaning this or such a thing.
nogstillnog · adverbmodifies bewijstvolstrektabsolutelyvolstrekt · adverbintensifies nietnietnotniet · adverbnegates bewijstdatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces object clause of bewijstdezethe latterdeze · pronounsubject of wasnietnotniet · adverbnegates van voornemen wasvanofvan · prepositionpart of predicative phrase van voornemenvoornemenintentionvoornemen · noun, neuter, singularcomplement of van in predicative phrasewaswaszijn · verb, past, singularcopula linking deze to van voornemenooho · interjectionparenthetical interjectionzekercertainlyzeker · adverbparenthetical affirmationdaarvoorfor itdaarvoor · pronominal adverbprepositional complement of betaleneenaeen · determinerdeterminer of pryshoogenhighhoog · adjective, inflectedmodifies pryspryspriceprijs · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of betalentetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive betalenbetalenpaybetalen · verb, infinitiveinfinitival complement of van voornemen waste-eeniger-tydat some timete eniger tijd · adverbial phrasetime adverbial modifying betalen - 157
If hundreds labor on a Chief's fields without receiving payment for it, it in no way follows that he let this happen for his own benefit.
Alsifals · subordinating conjunctionintroduces conditional clause headed by arbeidenhonderdenhundredshonderd · indefinite numeral used substantivallysubject of arbeidenarbeidenlaborarbeiden · verb, present, pluralverb of conditional clauseoponop · prepositionpreposition marking veldendethede · determinerdeterminer of veldenveldenfieldsveld · noun, pluralcomplement of opvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking Hoofdeenaeen · determinerdeterminer of HoofdHoofdChiefhoofd · noun, neuter, singularcomplement of vanzonderwithoutzonder · prepositionintroduces infinitive clause modifying arbeidendaarvoorfor itdaarvoor · pronominal adverbprepositional complement of ontvangenbetalingpaymentbetaling · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of ontvangentetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive ontvangenontvangenreceiveontvangen · verb, infinitiveinfinitival complement of zondervolgtfollowsvolgen · verb, present, singularmain verb of the sentencehieruitfrom thishieruit · pronominal adverbsource complement of volgtgeenszinsby no meansgeenszins · adverbmodifies volgtdatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces subject clause of volgthyhehij · personal pronoun, nominativesubject of lietditthisdit · pronoununderstood subject of geschieden and object of lietlietletlaten · verb, past, singularverb of subject clausegeschiedenhappengeschieden · verb, infinitiveinfinitival complement of liettenforte · preposition fused with articleintroduces fixed phrase ten zijnen behoeveTen is the historical contraction of te + den.
zynenhiszijn · possessive determiner, masculine singulardeterminer of behoeveZijnen is an old inflected form of zijn.
behoevebenefitbehoeve · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of ten in fixed phrase - 158
Might it not have been his intention to leave them the harvest, out of the humane calculation that his ground lay better, was more fertile than theirs, and would therefore reward their labor more generously?
Hadhadhebben · auxiliary verb, past, singularfinite auxiliary of kunnen zijnnietnotniet · adverbnegates kunnen zijnzynhiszijn · possessive determinerdeterminer of bedoelingbedoelingintentionbedoeling · noun, common gender, singularsubject of had kunnen zijnkunnencouldkunnen · auxiliary verb, infinitivemodal infinitive governed by Hadzynbezijn · verb, infinitiveinfinitival complement of kunnenhunthemhun · personal pronoun, dativeindirect object of overlatendenthede · determiner, definite, masculine singulardeterminer of oogstoogstharvestoogst · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of overlatenovertelatenleaveoverlaten · verb, infinitivepredicative infinitive complement of zijnHistorical closed spelling of overlaten.
uitout ofuit · prepositionpreposition marking berekeningdethede · determinerdeterminer of berekeningmenschlievendehumanemenslievend · adjective, inflectedmodifies berekeningberekeningcalculationberekening · noun, common gender, singularcomplement of uitdatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces content clause explaining berekeningzynhiszijn · possessive determinerdeterminer of grondgrondgroundgrond · noun, common gender, singularsubject of gelegenbeterbettergoed · adverb, comparativeadverbial complement of gelegengelegensituatedgelegen · adjective, past participialfirst predicative complement of waswaswaszijn · verb, past, singularcopula of first two predicatesvruchtbaardermore fertilevruchtbaar · adjective, comparativesecond predicative complement of wasdanthandan · comparative conjunctionintroduces comparison with vruchtbaarderdethede · determinerarticle of substantivized possessive hunnehunnetheirshun · possessive pronoun, independentcomparison complement of danDe hunne is an older form meaning theirs.
enanden · conjunctioncoordinates the final predicate with the preceding predicatesdusthereforedus · adverbmodifies beloonenhuntheirhun · possessive determinerdeterminer of arbeidarbeidlaborarbeid · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of beloonenmildermore generouslymild · adverb, comparativemodifies beloonenbeloonenrewardbelonen · verb, infinitivemain infinitive governed by zouBeloonen is the historical spelling of belonen.
zouwouldzullen · auxiliary verb, past, singularfinite auxiliary of beloonen - 159
Besides, where is the European official to find the witnesses who would have the courage to make a deposition against their lord, the dreaded Regent?
BovendienBesidesbovendien · adverbhead of the phrasevanwaarwherevanwaar · adverbinterrogative adverb modifying haalthaaltis to findhalen · verb, present, singularmain verb of the questiondethede · determinerdeterminer of beambteeuropescheEuropeanEuropees · adjective, attributivemodifies beambtebeambteofficialbeambte · noun, common gender, singularsubject of haaltdethede · determinerdeterminer of getuigengetuigenwitnessesgetuige · noun, common gender, pluraldirect object of haaltdiewhodie · relative pronoun, pluralsubject of hebbendenthede · determiner, masculine singular, archaic inflectiondeterminer of moedmoedcouragemoed · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of hebbenhebbenhavehebben · verb, present, pluralverb of relative clause modifying getuigeneenaeen · determinerdeterminer of verklaringverklaringdepositionverklaring · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of doentetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive doendoenmakedoen · verb, infinitiveinfinitive complement of moed hebbentegenagainsttegen · prepositionpreposition marking heerhuntheirhun · possessive determinerpossessor of heerheerlordheer · noun, common gender, singularobject of tegendenthede · determiner, masculine singular, archaic inflectiondeterminer of Regentgevreesdendreadedgevreesd · adjective, attributive, masculine singular, archaic inflectionmodifies RegentRegentRegentregent · noun, common gender, singularin apposition to heer - 160
And, were he to venture an accusation without being able to prove it, what then becomes of the relation of elder brother, who in such a case would have wounded his younger brother's honor without cause?
EnAnden · conjunctionintroduces the clause of waagdewaagdewere to venturewagen · verb, past, singularverb of inverted conditional clausehyhehij · personal pronoun, third person singularsubject of waagdeeenaneen · determinerdeterminer of beschuldigingbeschuldigingaccusationbeschuldiging · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of waagdezonderwithoutzonder · prepositionintroduces infinitive clausedieitdie · demonstrative pronoundirect object of bewijzentetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive kunnenkunnenbe ablekunnen · modal verb, infinitivemodal auxiliary of bewijzenbewyzenprovebewijzen · verb, infinitiveinfinitive complement of kunnenwaarwhatwaar · adverbinterrogative adverb in waar blijftblyftbecomesblijven · verb, present, singularmain verb of the questiondanthendan · adverbmodifies blijftdethede · determinerdeterminer of verhoudingverhoudingrelationverhouding · noun, common gender, singularsubject of blijftvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking broederouderelderoud · adjective, comparativemodifies broederbroederbrotherbroeder · noun, common gender, singularobject of vandiewhodie · relative pronoun, singularsubject of zou hebben gekrenktininin · prepositionpreposition marking gevalzulksuchzulk · determinerdeterminer of gevalgevalcasegeval · noun, neuter, singularobject of inzynhiszijn · possessive determinerpossessor of broederjongerenyoungerjong · adjective, comparative, attributive, archaic inflectionmodifies broederbroederbrotherbroeder · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of gekrenktzonderwithoutzonder · prepositionpreposition marking grondgrondcausegrond · noun, common gender, singularobject of zonderzouwouldzullen · modal auxiliary, past, singularmodal auxiliary of gekrenkthebbenhavehebben · auxiliary verb, infinitiveperfect auxiliary of gekrenktgekrenktwoundedkrenken · verb, past participleverb of relative clause modifying broederininin · prepositionpreposition marking eerzynhiszijn · possessive determinerpossessor of eereerhonoreer · noun, common gender, singularobject of in - 161
What becomes of the favor of the Government, which gives him bread for service, but withdraws that bread from him, would dismiss him as incompetent, were he to have suspected or accused with frivolity so high-placed a person as a Tommongong, Adhipatti, or Pangerang?
WaarWhatwaar · adverbinterrogative adverb in waar blijftblyftbecomesblijven · verb, present, singularmain verb of the questiondethede · determinerdeterminer of gunstgunstfavorgunst · noun, common gender, singularsubject of blyftvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking Regeeringdethede · determinerdeterminer of RegeeringRegeeringGovernmentregering · noun, common gender, singularobject of vandiewhichdie · pronounsubject of geefthemhimhem · personal pronoun, third person singularindirect object of geeftbroodbreadbrood · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of geeftgeeftgivesgeven · verb, present, singularrelative clause on gunstvoorforvoor · prepositionpreposition marking dienstdienstservicedienst · noun, common gender, singularobject of voormaarbutmaar · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhemhimhem · personal pronoun, third person singularindirect object of opzegtdatthatdat · determinerdeterminer of broodbroodbreadbrood · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of opzegtopzegtwithdrawsopzeggen · verb, present, singularcoordinated with geefthemhimhem · personal pronoun, third person singulardirect object of ontslaanontslaandismissontslaan · verb, infinitiveinfinitive governed by zouzouwouldzullen · modal auxiliary, past, singularmodal auxiliary of ontslaanalsasals · prepositionintroduces predicative complement onbekwaamonbekwaamincompetentonbekwaam · adjectivepredicative complement of ontslaanwanneerifwanneer · subordinating conjunctionintroduces conditional clausehyhehij · personal pronoun, third person singularsubject of had verdacht and aangeklaagdeenaeen · determinerdeterminer of persoonzoosozo · adverbmodifies hooggeplaatsthooggeplaatsthigh-placedhooggeplaatst · adjective, attributivemodifies persoonpersoonpersonpersoon · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of verdacht and aangeklaagdalsasals · prepositionintroduces comparison with persooneenaeen · determinerdeterminer of TommongongTommongongTommongongTommongong · noun, title, singularobject of comparative alsAdhipattiAdhipattiAdhipatti · noun, title, singularcoordinated with Tommongongoforof · conjunctionlinks the coordinationPangerangPangerangPangerang · noun, title, singularcoordinated with Tommongonghadhadhebben · auxiliary verb, past, singularauxiliary of verdachtverdachtsuspectedverdenken · verb, participlepast participle governed by hadoforof · conjunctionlinks the coordinationaangeklaagdaccusedaanklagen · verb, past participlecoordinated with verdachtmetwithmet · prepositionpreposition marking ligtvaardigheidligtvaardigheidfrivolitylichtvaardigheid · noun, common gender, singularobject of met - 162
No, no, that duty is not easy!
NeenNoneen · interjectiondiscourse interjectionneennoneen · interjectionrepeated discourse interjectiongemakkelykeasygemakkelijk · adjective, predicativepredicative complement of isisiszijn · copular verb, present, singularcopula linking plicht and gemakkelijkdiethatdie · determinerdeterminer of plichtplichtdutyplicht · noun, common gender, singularsubject of isnietnotniet · adverbnegates gemakkelijk - 163
This is plain already from the fact that the inclination of the native Chiefs to overstep the bounds of permissible disposal over the labor and property of their subjects is everywhere unreservedly acknowledged ... that all assistant residents take the oath to combat this culpable habit ... and ... that yet only very rarely is a Regent accused of caprice or abuse of authority.
DitThisdit · pronounsubject of blijktblyktis plainblijken · verb, present, singularmain verb of the sentencereedsalreadyreeds · adverbmodifies blykthieruitfrom thishieruit · adverbprepositional adverb complement of blijktdatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces first content clause dependent on hieruitdethede · determinerdeterminer of neigingneiginginclinationneiging · noun, common gender, singularsubject of wordt erkendderof thede · determiner, genitive plural, archaic inflectiondeterminer of Hoofdeninlandschenativeinlands · adjective, attributivemodifies HoofdenHoofdenChiefshoofd · noun, neuter, pluralgenitive modifier of neigingomtoom · infinitive complementizerintroduces infinitive complement overschrijdendethede · determinerdeterminer of grensgrensboundsgrens · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of overschrijdenvanofvan · prepositionintroduces modifier of grens'tthehet · determiner, contractednominalizes beschikkengeoorloofdpermissiblegeoorloofd · adjective, adverbialmodifies nominalized beschikkenbeschikkendisposalbeschikken · verb, infinitive used as nounobject of vanoveroverover · prepositionpreposition marking arbeidarbeidlaborarbeid · noun, common gender, singularobject of overenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationeigendompropertyeigendom · noun, common gender, singularcoordinated with arbeidhunnerof theirhun · possessive pronoun, genitive plural, archaicpossessor of onderhoorigenonderhoorigensubjectsonderhorige · noun, common gender, plural, archaic spellinggenitive modifier of arbeid and eigendomtetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive overschrijdenoverschrydenoverstepoverschrijden · verb, infinitiveinfinitive complement of neigingoveraleverywhereoveral · adverbmodifies erkendvolmondigunreservedlyvolmondig · adverbmodifies erkenderkendacknowledgederkennen · verb, past participlepast participle governed by wordtwordtisworden · auxiliary verb, present, singularpassive auxiliary of erkenddatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces second content clause dependent on hieruitalleallal · determinerdeterminer of adsistent-residentenadsistent-residentenassistant residentsassistent-resident · noun, pluralsubject of doendenthede · determiner, masculine singular, archaic inflectiondeterminer of eedeedoatheed · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of doendoentakedoen · verb, present, pluralverb of second content clausediethatdie · determinerdeterminer of hebbelykheidmisdadigeculpablemisdadig · adjectivemodifies hebbelykheidhebbelykheidhabithebbelijkheid · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of te-keer gaante-keercombattekeer · separable particle, archaic spellingparticle of te-keer gaantetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive gaangaangogaan · verb, infinitiveinfinitive complement of eed doenenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdatthatdat · subordinating conjunctionintroduces third content clause dependent on hieruittochyettoch · adverbmodifies aangeklaagdslechtsonlyslechts · adverbmodifies zeldenzeerveryzeer · adverbmodifies zeldenzeldenrarelyzelden · adverbmodifies aangeklaagdeenaeen · determinerdeterminer of RegentRegentRegentregent · noun, common gender, singularsubject of wordt aangeklaagdwordtisworden · auxiliary verb, present, singularpassive auxiliary of aangeklaagdaangeklaagdaccusedaanklagen · verb, past participlepast participle governed by wordtwegensforwegens · prepositionpreposition marking willekeurwillekeurcapricewillekeur · noun, common gender, singularobject of wegensoforof · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmisbruikabusemisbruik · noun, neuter, singularcoordinated with willekeurvanofvan · prepositionpreposition marking gezaggezagauthoritygezag · noun, neuter, singularobject of van - 164
There seems, then, to be an almost insurmountable difficulty in giving effect to the oath: "to protect the native population against extortion and oppression."
ErThereer · existential adverbexpletive in existential constructionschyntseemsschijnen · verb, present, singularraising verb governing bestaandusthendus · adverbmodifies bestaanwelindeedwel · adverbmodifies bestaaneenaneen · determinerdeterminer of moeielykheidbyna-onoverkomelykealmost insurmountablebijna-onoverkomelijk · adjective, attributivemodifies moeilijkheidmoeielykheiddifficultymoeilijkheid · noun, common gender, singularsubject of schijnt te bestaantetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive bestaanbestaanexistbestaan · verb, infinitiveinfinitive complement of schijntominom · infinitive complementizerintroduces infinitive clause modifying moeilijkheidgevolgeffectgevolg · noun, neuter, singulardirect object of geventetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive gevengevengivegeven · verb, infinitiveinfinitive clause modifying moeilijkheidaantoaan · prepositionpreposition marking eeddenthede · determiner, masculine singular, archaic inflectiondeterminer of eedeedoatheed · noun, common gender, singularobject of aandethede · determinerdeterminer of bevolkinginlandschenativeinlands · adjective, attributivemodifies bevolkingbevolkingpopulationbevolking · noun, common gender, singulardirect object of beschermentetote · infinitive markermarks infinitive beschermenbeschermenprotectbeschermen · verb, infinitiveinfinitive expressing content of eedtegenagainsttegen · prepositionpreposition marking uitzuiginguitzuigingextortionuitzuiging · noun, common gender, singularobject of tegenenanden · conjunctionlinks the coordinationknevelaryoppressionknevelarij · noun, common gender, singularcoordinated with uitzuiging
The particulars
- The text
- Max Havelaar, Multatuli. The Novel.
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- Public-domain Dutch (Multatuli, d. 1887; published 1860). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
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