Swedish · The Wonderful Adventures of Nils
Resa till Öland
Journey to Öland
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The wild geese went out to an island in the skerries to graze.
Vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · proper noun, nominativesubject of skärgårdsöforowentforo · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on VildgässenMistagged as a noun; foro is the plural past tense of fara ("went/traveled").
utoutut · adverbmodifies Vildgässenpåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking skärgårdsöenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skärgårdsöskärgårdsöskerry islandskärgårdsö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of betaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of betainfinitive marker before a verb.
betagrazebeta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skärgårdsö There they happened to meet some greylag geese, and these were astonished to see them, since they knew very well that their kinsfolk the wild geese preferred to travel over the interior of the land.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of råkaderåkadehappened to meetråka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedärtheredär · adverbmodifies råkadetillsammanstogethertillsammans · adverbmodifies grågässmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking grågässnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of grågässgrågässgreylag geesegrågäss · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of råkadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdessathesedenna · pronoun, pluralsubject of förvånadeblevobecameblevo · adverbmodifies förvånadeArchaic plural past tense of bli ("to become"), not an adverb; the parser mistagged it.
förvånadeastonishedförvåna · verb, past, participle, plural, nominativecoordinated with råkadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on förvånadedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of seeftersomsinceeftersom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of visstedetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of visstesurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
mycketverymycket · adverbmodifies välvälwellväl · adverbmodifies visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on råkadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vildgässenderastheirde · pronounpossessor of fränderpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
fränderkinsfolkfränder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vissteattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
helstpreferredgärna · adverbmodifies faraType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
faragofara · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of visstesome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
framforwardfram · adverbmodifies faraöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking inredetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of inreinrethe interiorinre · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of framavofav · prepositionpreposition marking landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies inreThey were curious and full of questions and would not be satisfied with less than the wild geese telling them about the persecution they had to endure from Smirre Fox.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of nyfiknaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies nyfiknaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
nyfiknacuriousnyfiken · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfrågvisainquisitivefrågvisa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with nyfiknaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnöjdecontented (oneself)nöjde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with nyfiknasigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of nöjdeintenotinte · particlemodifies nöjdemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking mindremindrelesslite · adverbmodifies nyfiknaSurface 'mindre' is the shared comparative of both 'lite' (less) and 'liten' (small); in ch. examples it renders as predicate-adjective 'smaller' (mycket mindre än han, mindre höga) as often as adverbial 'less' (nöjde sig inte med mindre).
änthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of berättadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of berättadevildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of berättadeattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
berättadetoldberätta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on nyfiknaomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking förföljelsedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of förföljelseförföljelsepersecutionförföljelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of berättadesomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on förföljelseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of utståinfinitive marker before a verb.
utståto endureutstå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of hadeavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking rävSmirreSmirresmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativepossessor of rävName of Smirre the fox; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a comparative adjective.
rävfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utståWhen they had finished, a greylag goose who seemed to be just as old and just as wise as Akka herself said: "It was a great misfortune for you that the fox was declared an outlaw in his own country."
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slutatdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of slutathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slutatslutatfinishedsluta · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of grågåsgrågåsgreylag goosegrågås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesomwhosom · pronounsubject of gammalThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
tycktesseemed totycktes · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies gammalvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to gammallikaequallylika · adverbmodifies gammalgammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on grågåsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlikaequallylika · adverbmodifies klokklokwiseklok · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with gammalsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of Akkasjälvaherselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies AkkaSurface "själva" is the plural/emphatic form of själv and can mean "themselves" or intensify "the very."
AkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativeadverbial clause on gammalproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of olyckavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to olyckaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of olyckastorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies olyckaolyckamisfortuneolycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseförforför · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluralmodifies olyckaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fredlösrävenfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fredlösblevbecamebli · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activepassive auxiliary of fredlösförklaraddeclaredförklara · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fredlösfredlösan outlawfredlös · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with olyckaiini · prepositionpreposition marking landsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of landpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
egetownegen · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fredlösHe is certain to keep his word and follow you all the way up to Lapland.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hållakommerwillkomma · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållasäkertsurelysäker · adverbmodifies hållaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hållainfinitive marker before a verb.
hållato keephålla · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of ordpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
ordwordord · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hållaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationföljato followfölja · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with hållaeryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of följaändaall the wayända · adverbmodifies oppoppupopp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of följaDialectal form of upp ("up"), mistagged as a noun by the parser.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking LapplandLapplandLaplandLappland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of oppIf I were you, I would not travel north over Småland, but instead take the outer route to Öland, so that he loses the trail entirely.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vorejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vorevorewerevara · verb, past, subjunctive, activeadverbial clause on tasomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of faraniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of farasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
skullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of farajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of faraintenotinte · particlemodifies farafaragofara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of voresome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
norrutnorthwardnorrut · adverbmodifies faraöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking SmålandSmålandSmålandSmåland · proper noun, nominativemodifies farautanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
iinsteadi · prepositionmodifies taställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase itato taketa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vägenyttreouteryttre · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies vägenvägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ÖlandÖlandÖlandÖland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of tasåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of misterattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of misteralldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies mistermisterlosesmist · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on taspårettrack/tracespår · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of misterTo really throw him off the trail, you ought to stay a couple of days on the southern point of Öland.
Förin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of villaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of villainfinitive marker before a verb.
riktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies villavillathrow off trackvilla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stannabortawaybort · adverbdepends on villahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of villabörought toböra · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of stannaniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stannasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
stannastaystanna · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies dardardaysd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of stannapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking uddeÖlandsÖland'sÖland · proper noun, genitivepossessor of uddeSwedish island.
södrasouthernsödra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies uddeuddepointudde · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of dara headland/point of land.
There is plenty of food there and plenty of company.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies finnsfinnsthere isfinnas · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsgottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies finnsomofom · prepositionpreposition marking matmatfoodmat · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of finnsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgottplentygott · adverbpart of the phrase ochomofom · prepositionpart of the phrase ochsällskapcompanysällskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with matI don't think you will regret it, if you travel over there."
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies trorattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ångraniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ångrasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
skawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of ångraångrato regretångra · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of troreryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of ångraomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of farniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of farsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
fartravels/fliesfara · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ångraVildgässen far = the wild geese fly/travel; used generically for travel by any means.
ditöverover thereditöver · adverbmodifies far- 3
This was truly wise advice, and the wild geese decided to follow it.
Dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of rådvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to rådverkligenreallyverkligen · adverbmodifies rådettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of rådkloktwiseklok · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies rådrådadviceråd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of beslötoattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
beslötodecidedbeslöto · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with rådatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of följainfinitive marker before a verb.
följato followfölja · verb, active, infinitivedepends on beslötodetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of följa As soon as they had eaten themselves well full, they began the journey to Öland.
Såasså · adverblinks the coordinationsnartsoonsnart · adverbpart of the phrase Sådetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ätithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ätitätiteatenäta · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on börjadesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ätitvälwellväl · adverbmodifies mättamättafullmätta · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of ätitbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of börjadesurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
färdenjourneyfärd · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of börjadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ÖlandÖlandÖlandÖland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of börjadeNone of them had ever been there before, but the greylag goose had given them good landmarks.
Ingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of varitavofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies Ingenhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitnågonsinevernågonsin · adverbmodifies varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencedärtheredär · adverbmodifies förutförutbeforeförut · adverbmodifies varitmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgrågåsengreylag goosegrågåse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of givithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of givitgivitgivenge · verb, active, supinecoordinated with varitdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldeterminer of vägmärkengodagoodgod · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vägmärkenvägmärkenlandmarksvägmärken · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of givitThey only had to travel straight toward the south, until they came upon the great bird migration that passed along outside the coast of Blekinge.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebarajustbara · adverbmodifies hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of resainfinitive marker before a verb.
resato travelresa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on haderättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of resamottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking södersödersouthsöder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies rätttillsuntiltills · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of råkadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of råkaderåkadecame uponråka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hadedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of fågelsträcketstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies fågelsträcketweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
fågelsträcketthe bird migrationfågelsträck · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of råkadesomthatsom · pronounsubject of gickThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
gickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hadeframforwardfram · adverbdepends on gickutanföroutsideutanför · prepositionpreposition marking BlekingskustenBlekingskustenBlekinge coastblekingskust · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of gickAll the birds that had their winter home by the North Sea and now intended to go to Finland and Russia flew along there, and they all used to stop off at Öland in passing to rest.
Allaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fåglardetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fåglarSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
fåglarbirdsfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of flögosomthatsom · pronounsubject of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on fåglarvinterbostadwinter homevinterbostad · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadevidbyvid · prepositionpreposition marking VästerhavetVästerhavetthe North SeaVästerhav · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies ämnadeämnadeintendedämna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hadesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ämnadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking FinlandFinlandFinlandFinland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of ämnadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationRysslandRussiaRyssland · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Finlandflögoflewflögo · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense.
framforwardfram · adverbdepends on flögodärtheredär · adverbmodifies flögoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of brukadebrukadeused tobruka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with flögoallaallall · pronoun, pluraldirect object of brukadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking förbifartenförbifartenpassingförbifart · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies allaused in 'i förbifarten' = in passing.
slåstop offslå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of brukadenerdownner · adverbdepends on slåpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking ÖlandÖlandÖlandÖland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of slåförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of vilaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vilainfinitive marker before a verb.
vilato restvila · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on slåThe wild geese would not have any difficulty finding guides.
Vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässen · proper noun, nominativesubject of fåskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåintenotinte · particlemodifies fåfåhavefå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesvårtdifficultsvår · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of finnainfinitive marker before a verb.
finnafindfinna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fåvägvisareguidesvägvisare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of finna- 5
That day it was completely calm and warm as on a summer day, the best weather one could imagine for a sea crossing.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stillavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to stilladetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with stillaalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies stillastillastillstilla · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarmtwarmvarm · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with stillasomassom · prepositionintroduces the clause of sommardagFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sommardagenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sommardagsommardagsummer daysommardag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stilladetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of väderbästabestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies väderväderweatherväder · noun, nominative, neuter, singularparallel clause to stillamanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänkatänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on vädersigoneselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tänkaförforför · prepositionpreposition marking sjöresaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sjöresasjöresasea crossingsjöresa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tänka The only worrying thing was that it was not fully clear, but a gray and veiled sky.
Detaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of varendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativemodifies betänkligabetänkligaworryingbetänklig · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of klartdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of klartintenotinte · particlemodifies klartvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to klartfulltfullyfull · adverbmodifies klartAdverbial use of full/fullt, e.g. 'fullt så' = 'quite as'.
klartclearklar · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of varutanwithoututan · prepositionlinks the coordinationgrågraygrå · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies himmelochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbeslöjadveiledbeslöjad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with gråhimmelskyhimmel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with klartHere and there stood enormous cloud masses that hung all the way down toward the sea's surface and blocked the view.
Härherehär · adverbhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase Härdärtheredär · adverbpart of the phrase Härstodostoodstodo · verb, present, indicativemodifies molnmassorHistorical past-plural form of stå (cf. voro, gingo); despite the 'present' tag this is past tense.
väldigahugeväldig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies molnmassormolnmassorcloud massesmolnmassa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounsubject of hängdeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hängdehunghänga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on molnmassorändaall the wayända · adverbmodifies nernerdownner · adverbmodifies hängdemottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking havsytanhavsytansea's surfacehavsyta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hängdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskymdeblockedskymde · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with havsytanPast tense of the verb 'skymma' (to block/obscure); mistagged as an adjective.
utsiktenviewutsikt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skymde- 7
When the travelers had come out beyond the skerries, the sea spread itself out so smooth and mirror-like that the boy, when he happened to look down, thought that the water had disappeared.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of resandeSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
resandethe travelersresande · adjective, nominativesubject of vorovorowerevoro · pronoun, accusative, pluraldepends on komnaArchaic plural past tense of vara "to be"; mislabeled as pronoun.
komnahad comekomn · pronoun, pluraladverbial clause on breddeutanföroutsideutanför · prepositionpreposition marking skärenskärenskerriesskär · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komnabreddespread outbredde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of breddeutoutut · adverbdepends on breddesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of breddesåsoså · adverbmodifies jämntjämntsmoothjämn · adverbmodifies breddeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationspeglandemirror-stillspeglande · adjective, nominativecoordinated with jämntattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sedåwhendå · subordinating conjunctionmodifies råkadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkaderåkadehappened toråka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of breddeneråtdownwardneråt · adverbmodifies setycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with seattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of försvunnetvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of försvunnetvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to försvunnetförsvunnetdisappearedförsvunn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of tyckte There was no longer any ground beneath him.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
ingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of jordjordearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannsmerlongermycket · adverbmodifies fannsunderbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fannsHe had nothing but cloud and sky around him.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies hadenågotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of annatannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking molnmolncloudmoln · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhimmelskyhimmel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with molnomkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of hadeHe became completely dizzy and clung fast to the goose's back more anxiously than when he had sat there the first time.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencealldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies huvudyrhuvudyrdizzyhuvudyr · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationklämdeclungklämde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blevsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of klämdefastfastfast · adverbmodifies klämdevidtovid · prepositionpreposition marking gåsryggengåsryggengoose's backgåsrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blevängsligareanxiouslyängslig · adverbcomplement of blevänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sattnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of satthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blevdärtheredär · adverbmodifies sattförstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies gångensurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
gångentimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sattIt was as if it were impossible for him to hold on: he had to fall in some direction.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of hållavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ,somas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hållaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hållahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hållaomöjligtimpossibleomöjlig · adverbmodifies hållakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållahållato hold onhålla · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of hållakvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on hållahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fallamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fallafallato fallfalla · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to hållaåtinåt · prepositionpreposition marking hållnågotsomenågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of hållhålldirectionhåll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of falla- 9
It grew even worse when they reached the great bird migration that the greylag goose had spoken of.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of värrevärreworseond · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of blevnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of nåddedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of nåddenåddereachednådde · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blevframforwardfram · adverbdepends on nåddetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking fågelsträcketdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of fågelsträcketstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies fågelsträcketweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
fågelsträcketthe bird migrationfågelsträcket · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of nåddesomthatsom · pronoundirect object of talatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
grågåsengreylag goosegrågåse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of talattalattalkedtala · verb, active, supinein apposition to nåddeomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking talat There, truly, flock after flock came flying in exactly the same direction.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceverkligenreallyverkligen · adverbmodifies komflockflockflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking flockflockflockflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komflygandeflyingflyga · adjective, nominativecomplement of komiini · prepositionpreposition marking riktningalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies sammasammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of riktningriktningdirectionriktning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komThey seemed to be following a marked-out path.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseliksomseemedliksom · adverbmodifies följdeföljdefollowedfölja · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Deenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vägutstakadmarked-oututstakad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vägvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of följdeThere were ducks and greylag geese, scoters and guillemots, loons and long-tailed ducks, mergansers and grebes, oystercatchers and black scoters.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ändervarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to änderänderducksänd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgrågässgreylag geesegrågäss · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with ändersvärtorscoterssvärta · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with grågässochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgrisslorguillemotsgrissla · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with grågässlommarloonslomm · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with grågässochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationalfågellong-tailed duckalfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with grågässskrakarmergansersskraka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with änderochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdoppingargrebesdopping · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with änderstrandskatoroystercatchersstrandskator · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with änderochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsjöorrarscoterssjöorer · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with änderBut when the boy now leaned forward and looked toward the direction where the sea ought to lie, he saw the whole procession of birds reflected in the water.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of böjdenunownu · adverbmodifies böjdepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of böjdeböjdebentböja · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sågsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of böjdeframöverforwardframöver · adverbmodifies böjdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtittadelookedtitta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with böjdeåttowardåt · prepositionpreposition marking hålldetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of hållhålldirectionhåll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of tittadedärtheredär · adverbmodifies liggahavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of liggabordeought toböra · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of liggaBare borde is simple past modal ("ought to"/"should"); the perfect sense ("ought to have") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth ("borde släppa taget") has no ha and translates as plain "ought to."
liggato lieligga · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on hållsågsawsåga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceMislemmatized: surface is 'såg', the past tense of se ('to see'/'looked'), in both examples ('såg han sig om' = 'looked around'), not a form of såga ('to saw'). Gloss corrected to 'saw' (as in 'he saw/looked').
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of såghelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies fågeltågetfågeltågetthe bird processionfågeltåg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of sågavspeglatreflectedavspegla · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of sågiini · prepositionpreposition marking vattnetvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sågBut he was so dizzy that he did not understand how this came about, but thought that the whole flock of birds was flying with its belly upward.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of yrvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to yrsåsoså · adverbmodifies yryrdizzyyr · adjective, nominativehead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förstodhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstodintenotinte · particlemodifies förstodförstodunderstoodförstå · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of yrhurhowhur · adverbmodifies komdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of förstodsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of komutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
tycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with förstodattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of flöghelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies fågelskaranfågelskaranthe flock of birdsfågelskaran · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flögflögflewflög · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of tycktemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking bukenbukenbellybuk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flöguppåtupwarduppåt · adverbmodifies flögStill, he did not wonder much about this, for he himself did not know what was up and what was down.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undradeundradewonderedundra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceändåstilländå · adverbmodifies undradeintenotinte · particlemodifies undrademycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies undradeöveraboutöver · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of undradeförforför · prepositiondepends on visstehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on undradeintenotinte · particlemodifies visstesjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on visstevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on varsomwhatsom · pronounsubject of varThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on vissteuppupupp · adverbdepends on varochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on varsomwhatsom · pronounsubject of varThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with visstenerdownner · adverbmodifies var- 11
The birds were worn out and impatient to arrive.
Fåglarnathe birdsFåglarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of uttröttadevorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on uttröttadearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
uttröttadeworn oututtrötta · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationotåligaimpatientotålig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with uttröttadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on uttröttadeframforwardfram · adverbdepends on komma None of them screamed or said a merry word, and that made everything seem so strangely unreal.
Ingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of skrekavofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies Ingenskrekscreamedskrek · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with skrekettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ordlustigtamusinglustig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ordordwordord · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with skrekattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of föreföllalltingeverythingallting · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of föreföllföreföllseemedförefölal · verb, present, indicativeclausal complement of gjordesåsoså · adverbmodifies besynnerligtbesynnerligtstrangelybesynnerlig · adverbmodifies overkligtoverkligtunrealoverklig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of föreföll- 13
"Just think, if we have journeyed away from the earth!" he said to himself.
TänkthinkTänk · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of faritviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of faritharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of faritfarittraveledfara · verb, active, supineclausal complement of Tänkbortawaybort · adverbdepends on faritifrånfromifrån · prepositionpreposition marking jordenjordenearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of faritsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of sadesjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sig "Just think, if we are in the middle of traveling up to heaven!"
TänkthinkTänk · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hållerviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hållerhållerkeepshålla · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on Tänkpåin the middle ofpå · prepositiondepends on hålleratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of resainfinitive marker before a verb.
resato travelresa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hålleroppupopp · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on resaMistagged as a noun; opp is the colloquial spelling of upp, "up".
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking himlenhimlenskyhiml · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of opp- 15
He saw nothing but cloud and birds around him and began to consider it likely that they were traveling toward heaven.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sågannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sågänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking molnmolncloudsmoln · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfåglarbirdsfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with molnomkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimsig · pronoun, accusativemodifies fåglarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with såghållato considerhålla · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hållaförasför · prepositionmodifies rimligtrimligtlikelyrimlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hållaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of forodetheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of foroSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
forotraveledforo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraladverbial clause on hållaArchaic plural past tense of fara ("to go/travel"), not a noun; the parser mistagged it.
mottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking himlenhimlenskyhiml · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies foro He became glad and wondered what he would get to see up there.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationundradewonderedundra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gladvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of seskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sefåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on blevdäruppeup theredäruppe · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of seThe dizziness passed off all at once.
Yrselnthe dizzinessYrseln · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceöveroveröver · adverbdepends on gickpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking gångenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickHe grew so terribly glad at the thought that he was traveling up to heaven and leaving the earth behind.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies blevförfärligtterriblyförfärlig · adverbmodifies gladgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevvidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking tankentankenthoughttanke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blevpåofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of himlenattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of himlenhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive himlenforwas travelingfor · prepositionmodifies himlenPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
uppupupp · adverbpart of the phrase fortilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking himlenhimlenskyhiml · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tankenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlämnadeleftlämna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with himlenjordenearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lämnade- 17
At that same moment he heard a couple of banging shots and saw a couple of small white columns of smoke rise up.
Iati · prepositionpreposition marking detsammadetsammathat same momentdetsamma · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies knallandeknallandebangingknallande · adjective, nominativemodifies skottskottshotskott · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hördeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hördepast tense of se, 'to see.'
ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies rökpelaresmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies rökpelarevitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies rökpelarerökpelarecolumns of smokerökpelare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of stigastigato risestiga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of såguppupupp · adverbdepends on stiga - 19
There was unrest and commotion among the birds.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceorocommotionoro · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationuppståndelsecommotionuppståndelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with oroblandamongbland · prepositionpreposition marking fåglarnafåglarnathe birdsfåglarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of blev "Gunners! Gunners! Gunners in the boats!" they cried.
SkyttargunnersSkyttar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of SkyttarSkyttargunnersSkyttar · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceSkyttargunnersSkytta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceiini · prepositionpreposition marking båtarnabåtarnathe boatsbåtarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of Skyttarropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ropade"Fly high! Fly clear!"
Flygfly!flyg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of högtsurfaces Flyg/flyg here are the imperative of flyga ('to fly'), not the noun.
högthighhög · adverbhead of the phrasethis type bundles the positive, comparative, and superlative degree forms (högt, högre, högst) under one entry.
Flygflyflyg · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceundanclearundan · adverbdepends on Flyg- 21
Then the boy finally saw that they were still traveling along over the sea's surface, and that they were not in heaven at all.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågäntligenfinallyäntligen · adverbmodifies sågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of forodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of foroalltjämtstillalltjämt · adverbmodifies foroforotraveledforo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralclausal complement of sågArchaic plural past tense of fara ("to go/travel"), not a noun; the parser mistagged it.
framforwardfram · adverbmodifies foroöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking havsytanhavsytansea's surfacehavsyta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of framochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vorodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of voroallsat allalls · adverbmodifies vorointenotinte · particlemodifies vorovorowerevoro · pronoun, accusative, pluralcoordinated with sågArchaic plural past tense of vara "to be"; mislabeled as pronoun.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking himlenhimlenskyhiml · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of voro In a long row lay small boats, filled with gunners who kept firing shot after shot.
Iini · prepositionpreposition marking lågoenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of radlånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies radradrowrad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lågolågolaylågo · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasemistagged as a noun; this is the archaic plural past tense of ligga 'to lie' (they lay).
småsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies båtarbåtarboatsbåt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive lågofylldafilledfylla · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying båtarpast participle of fylla (to fill), tagged as an adjective.
avwithav · prepositionpreposition marking skyttarskyttargunnersskytt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralagent of fylldasomwhosom · pronounsubject of lossadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
lossadefiredlossa · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on skyttarskottshotsskott · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of lossadepåafterpå · prepositionpreposition marking skottskottshotskott · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of lossadeThe foremost flocks of birds had not noticed them in time.
Detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fågelflockarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
främstaforemostfrämst · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies fågelflockarnafågelflockarnaflocks of birdsfågelflock · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of märkthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of märktintenotinte · particlemodifies märktmärktnoticedmärka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of märktiin timei · prepositionpreposition marking tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of märktThey had kept too low.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hållithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållithållitkepthålla · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceSurface "hållit" spans several idioms in this book: literal "held" (hållit trogen vakt = kept faithful watch), "hållit ut" (held out/endured), "hållit på" (had been -ing, continuous aspect), and "hållit sig" (stayed/remained). A single fixed gloss of "held" misrenders the hållit på / hållit sig examples.
förtooför · adverbmodifies lågtlågtlowlåg · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hållitSeveral dark bodies sank down toward the sea, and for each one that fell, loud cries of anguish rose up from the living.
Fleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kropparmörkadarkmörk · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kropparkropparbodieskroppa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive sjönkosjönkosank downsjönko · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencenerdownner · adverbmodifies sjönkomottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking havethavetseahav · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of nerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförforför · prepositionpreposition marking varvareachvar · pronoun, common gender, singulardepends on föll"var" is both the interrogative/relative adverb "where" and the past tense of vara ("was"); the parser conflated the two under one type.
ochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase varenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase varsomthatsom · pronounsubject of föllThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
föllfellföll · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sjönkohöjdeswere raisedhöja · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with sjönkohögatallhög · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies jämmerskrikjämmerskrikcries of anguishjämmerskrik · adverbmodifies höjdesavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking levandedetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of levandeSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
levandelivinglevande · adjective, nominativeagent of höjdes- 23
It was strange for one who a moment ago believed himself to be in heaven to wake up to such terror and lamentation.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of besynnerligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to besynnerligtbesynnerligtstrangebesynnerlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseförforför · prepositionpreposition marking dendeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of besynnerligtsomwhosom · pronounsubject of troddeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
nyssjust nownyss · adverbmodifies troddetroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on densighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of troddevarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecomplement of troddeiini · prepositionpreposition marking himlenhimlenskyhiml · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of varaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vaknainfinitive marker before a verb.
vaknato wakevakna · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of troddeuppupupp · adverbdepends on vaknatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking skräcksådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies skräcksån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
skräckterrorskräck · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vaknaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjämmerlamentationjämmer · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with skräckMistagged as a verb by the parser; it is the noun 'jämmer' (lament, wailing).
Akka shot upward as quickly as she could, and then the flock set off at the greatest possible speed.
AkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of skötproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
skötshotsköt · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemotupwardmot · prepositionpreposition marking höjdenhöjdenheighthöjd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skötsåasså · adverbmodifies rasktrasktbrisklyrask · adverbmodifies kundehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kundekundecouldkunna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on skötochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsedanthensedan · adverbmodifies sattesattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kundepast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
flockenflockflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of satteavoffav · prepositiondepends on sattemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking fartstörstabiggeststor · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies fartmöjligapossiblemöjlig · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies fartfartspeedfart · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of satteThe wild geese also got away unharmed, but the boy could not recover from his astonishment.
Vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässen · proper noun, nominativesubject of kommokommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencekommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
ocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies oskaddaoskaddaunharmedoskadda · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of kommoundanawayundan · adverbdepends on kommomenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hämtakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hämtaintenotinte · particlemodifies hämtahämtato fetchhämta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kommosighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of hämtafrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking förvåningsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of förvåningförvåningastonishmentförvåning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hämtaJust think, that anyone could want to shoot at ones like Akka and Yksi and Kaksi and the gander and the others!
TänkthinkTänk · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skjutanågonanyonenågon · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of skjutakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skjutaviljato wantvilja · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of skjutaskjutashootskjuta · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of Tänkpåatpå · prepositiondepends on skjutasådanasuchsån · pronoun, pluraldirect object of skjutaColloquial/old plural of sådan ('such').
somlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of AkkaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativein apposition to sådanaproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationYksiYksiYksi · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with AkkaOne of Akka's flock, named for the Finnish word for 'one'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationKaksiKaksiKaksi · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with YksiName of one of the wild geese.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with Kaksimorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andraSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraothersannan · pronoun, pluralcoordinated with AkkaThe humans had no idea at all what they were doing.
Människornathe peopleMänniskorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies hadenågotanynågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of begreppbegreppideabegrepp · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeomaboutom · prepositionintroduces the clause of gjordevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of gjordedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activeclause modifying begrepp- 25
So it carried them onward again through the still air, and it was quiet as it had just been before, except that some worn-out birds now and then called out: "Aren't we there soon?
Såsoså · adverbmodifies barbarcarriedba · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceTagged present tense, but every occurrence is the old preterite of bära ("carried"), not the present.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of barframåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies barigenagainigen · adverbmodifies barithroughi · prepositionpreposition marking luftendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of luftenstillastillstilla · adjective, nominativemodifies luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of igenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tystvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tysttystquiettyst · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with barsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of nyssnyssjust nownyss · adverbmodifies förutförutbeforeförut · adverbmodifies tystmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking fåglarundantagexceptionundantag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase medavexceptav · prepositionpart of the phrase medattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking fåglarnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fåglaruttröttadeworn oututtrötta · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fåglarfåglarbirdsfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of tystdånowdå · adverbintroduces the clause of ropadeochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase dådåthendå · adverbmodifies ropaderopadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on fåglarÄrisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to frammeviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of frammeintenotinte · particlemodifies frammeframmethereframme · adverbhead of the phrase'vara framme' = to have arrived/be at the front.
snartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies framme Are you certain that we are keeping to the right way?"
Ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to säkraniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of säkrasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
säkrasuresäker · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasepåofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of hållerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hållerviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hållerhållerkeepshålla · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on säkrarättrighträtt · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vägvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hållerTo this the ones flying at the front answered: "We are going straight toward Öland, straight toward Öland."
Härpåat thisHärpå · proper noun, nominativesubject of svaradeAdverb 'härpå' (thereupon/to this), mistagged as a proper noun.
svaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of svaradesomwhosom · pronounsubject of flögoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
flögoflewflögo · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on dePast plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense.
iati · prepositionpreposition marking spetsenspetsenfront/headspetse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flögoi spetsen = 'at the head/front' (of a line).
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of farfargoesfar · verb, present, indicative, activesubject of rätt'far' = travels/goes (present tense of 'fara').
rättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasemottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking ÖlandÖlandÖlandÖland · proper noun, nominativemodifies rätträttrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Ölandmottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking ÖlandÖlandÖlandÖland · proper noun, nominativemodifies rätt- 27
The mallards were tired, and the loons went past them.
Gräsändernathe mallardsGräsänderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasevorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on Gräsändernaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
tröttatiredtrött · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies Gräsändernaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlommarnathe loonslommarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralpart of the phrase ochforotraveledforo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with GräsändernaArchaic plural past tense of fara ("to go/travel"), not a noun; the parser mistagged it.
ompastom · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldepends on foro "Don't be in such a hurry!" the ducks called out then.
HahaveHa · verb, imperative, activesubject of bråttomintenotinte · particlemodifies Hasåsuchså · adverbmodifies bråttombråttomin a hurrybråttom · adverbhead of the phraseropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedåthendå · adverbmodifies ropadeändernathe ducksände · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of ropade"You are eating up all the food ahead of us."
Niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ätersecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
ätereatäta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceoppupopp · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on ätermistagged as a verb; this is the dialectal/colloquial adverb opp, a variant of upp 'up'.
allallall · determiner, common gender, singularoblique complement of ätermatenfoodmat · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of äterförahead offör · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of äter—"There's enough for both you and us," the loons answered.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of räckerräckeris enoughräcka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetillenoughtill · prepositionpreposition marking erbådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförforför · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of räckerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with ersvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to räckerlommarnathe loonslomma · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of svarade- 29
Before they had yet gotten so far that they could see Öland, a faint wind came toward them.
Innanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hunnitdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hunnitännuyetännu · adverbmodifies hunnithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hunnithunnitgotten so farhinna · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on komsåsoså · adverbmodifies långtlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies hunnitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sågosågosawsågoa · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hunnitLemma/tag are corrupted; sågo is the plural past tense of se ("saw"), not a noun or present tense.
ÖlandÖlandÖland · proper noun, nominativedirect object of sågokomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vindsvagweaksvag · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vindvindwindvind · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komvind is a true homograph: 'attic/loft' and 'wind' are unrelated words with identical form.
emottowardemot · prepositiondepends on komdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of kom It carried with it something that resembled enormous masses of white smoke, exactly as if there were a great fire somewhere.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of fördefördecarriedförde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigitsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of fördenågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of fördesomthatsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of massorliknaderesembledlikna · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies massorMistagged as an adjective; 'liknade'/'likna' are forms of the verb 'likna' (to resemble).
väldigahugeväldig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies massormassormasses/lotsmassa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralin apposition to någotavofav · prepositionpreposition marking rökvitwhitevit · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies rökröksmokerök · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies massoralldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies storsomthatsom · pronounsubject of storThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
skullewereskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of stordetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of storvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies eldsvådaeldsvådafireeldsvåda · noun, nominative, common gender, singularparallel clause to fördeA conflagration/house fire, distinct from a controlled hearth fire.
någonstanssomewherenågonstans · adverbmodifies förde- 31
When the birds saw the first white swirls, they grew anxious and increased their speed.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågofåglarnathe birdsfåglarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sågosågosawsågoa · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blevoLemma/tag are corrupted; sågo is the plural past tense of se ("saw"), not a noun or present tense.
detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of virvlarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
förstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies virvlarnasurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
vitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies virvlarnavirvlarnathe swirlsvirvlarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sågoblevobecameblevo · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencelemma should be bli 'to become'; blevo is the archaic plural past tense (they became).
detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fartenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
ängsligaanxiousängslig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fartenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationökadeincreasedöka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ängsligafartenspeedfart · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevo But that thing, which was like smoke, billowed forward ever thicker, and at last it enveloped them completely.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phrasedärtheredär · adverbmodifies detsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of liktThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to liktliktlikelikt · adverbrelative clause on detenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rökröksmokerök · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of liktbolmadebillowedbolma · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with liktframforwardfram · adverbdepends on bolmadeallteverallt · adverbmodifies tätaretätaredensertät · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies bolmadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies ochsistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase tillomvärvdeenvelopedomvärva · verb, past, indicative, activepart of the phrase tilldetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase tilldemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralpart of the phrase tillalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies tillNo smell could be felt, and the smoke was not dark and dry, but white and damp.
Ingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of luktluktsmelllukt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of mörkkändeswas feltkändes · verb, past, indicative, activemodifies luktochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrökensmokerök · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of mörkvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to mörkintenotinte · particlemodifies mörkmörkdarkmörk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtorrdrytorr · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with mörkutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionpreposition marking vitfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
vitwhitevit · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with mörkochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfuktigdampfuktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with vitThe boy suddenly understood that it was nothing other than fog.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstodförstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies hastigthastigtsuddenlyhastig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies förstodadverbial neuter form 'hastigt' used as 'suddenly'.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dimmadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of dimmaintenotinte · particlemodifies dimmavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies dimmaannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase varänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dimmadimmafogdimma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on förstod- 33
When the fog grew so thick that one could not see a goose-length ahead, the birds began to behave like real madmen.
Dåwhendå · adverbintroduces the clause of blevdimmanthe fogdimman · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on börjadesåsoså · adverbmodifies tättätthicktät · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of semanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of seintenotinte · particlemodifies sekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of blevenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåslängdgåslängdgoose-lengthgåslängd · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of seframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigoneselfsig · pronoun, accusativemodifies gåslängdbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencefåglarnathe birdsfåglarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of börjadebärato carrybära · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bäraåtin that wayåt · prepositiondepends on bärasomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of galningarriktigarealriktig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies galningargalningarmadmengalning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of bära All these, who had before traveled along in such good order, began to play about in the fog.
Allaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of dessadessathesedenna · determiner, pluralsubject of börjadesomwhosom · pronounsubject of faritThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
förutbeforeförut · adverbmodifies farithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of faritfarittraveledfara · verb, active, supinerelative clause on dessaframforwardfram · adverbdepends on faritmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ordningsåsuchså · adverbmodifies godgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ordningordningorderordning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of frambörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencelekato playleka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking dimmandimmanthe fogdimman · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lekaThey flew this way and that to lure one another astray.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of flögoflögoflewflögo · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense.
härsthis wayhärs · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies flögoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtvärsthis way and thattvärs · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with härsförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of lockaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of lockainfinitive marker before a verb.
lockalure/temptlocka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on flögovarandraeach othervarandra · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of lockavilseastrayvilse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of locka"Watch out!" they cried.
Aktawatch out!Akta · adverbmodifies ropadeimperative of akta sig ('to be careful/watch out'), not a true adverb.
eryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of Aktaropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ropade"Why, you're only going around in circles.
Niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of farsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
fargoesfar · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentence'far' = travels/goes (present tense of 'fara').
juwhyju · adverbmodifies farbarajustbara · adverbmodifies farruntaroundrunt · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies farTurn back, by all means!
Vändturn backVända · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceombackom · prepositiondepends on Vändförby all meansför · prepositionpreposition marking delallallall · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of deldelpartdel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of VändYou won't get to Öland that way."
Intenotinte · particlemodifies kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommersecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ÖlandÖlandÖlandÖland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of kommerpåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommerdärtheredär · adverbmodifies kommersättetwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of kommer- 35
Everyone knew very well where the island lay, but they did their best to lead one another astray.
Allaallall · pronoun, pluralsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemycketverymycket · adverbmodifies välvälwellväl · adverbmodifies visstevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to hadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on vissteönthe islandön · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeDefinite noun 'ön' (the island); mistagged as pronoun.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with visstesitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of bästapossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
bästabestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativedirect object of gjordeförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of villaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of villainfinitive marker before a verb.
villathrow off trackvilla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gjordebortawaybort · adverbdepends on villavarandraeach othervarandra · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of villa "Look at those long-tailed ducks over there!" a voice sounded in the fog.
Selookse · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencepåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking alornadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of alornadärtheredär · adverbmodifies alornaalornathe long-tailed ducksalorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of Seljödrang outljöd · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with ljödiini · prepositionpreposition marking dimmandimmanthe fogdimma · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ljöd"They're going back to the North Sea."
Detheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of farsurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
fartravels/fliesfara · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceVildgässen far = the wild geese fly/travel; used generically for travel by any means.
tillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies fartilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking NordsjönNordsjönthe North SeaNordsjön · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of tillbaka—"Watch out, greylag geese!" someone shrieked from another direction.
Aktawatch out!Akta · adverbmodifies skrekimperative of akta sig ('to be careful/watch out'), not a true adverb.
eryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of Aktagrågässgreylag geesegrågäss · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with erskrekshriekedskrek · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenågonsomeonenågon · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of skrekfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking hållettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of hållannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hållhålldirectionhåll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of skrek"If you keep on like that, you'll end up all the way at Rügen."
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fortsätterniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fortsättersecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
fortsätterkeep onfortsätta · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kommersålike thatså · adverbmodifies fortsätterdärtheredär · adverbmodifies fortsätterkommerwillkomma · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommersecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
ändaall the wayända · adverbmodifies Rügentilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking RügenRügenRügenRügen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommer- 37
There was, as has been said, no danger that the birds who were used to traveling through here would let themselves be tricked in the wrong direction.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sagtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to sagtsomassom · pronounsubject of sagtThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
sagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of farafaradangerfara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularparallel clause to sagtsome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
förofför · prepositionintroduces the clause of låtaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase fördetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fåglarSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
fåglarbirdsfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of låtasomwhosom · pronounsubject of voroThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on fåglarVoro is the historical plural past form of vara.
vanaused tovana · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of voroatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of färdasinfinitive marker before a verb.
färdastravelfärda · verb, passive, infinitiveadverbial clause on voroframforwardfram · adverbmodifies färdashärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase framskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of låtalåtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying faranarratricknarra · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of låtaInfinitive of the verb 'narra' (to trick/deceive), mistagged here as a noun.
sigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of låtaåtinåt · prepositionpreposition marking hållgaletwronggale · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hållhålldirectionhåll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of låta But the ones who had a hard time of it were the wild geese.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralintroduces the clause of vildgässensomwhosom · pronounsubject of fingoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
fingogotfingo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralrelative clause on deMistagged as a noun; fingo is the archaic plural past tense of få ("got/were given").
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of fingosvårtdifficultsvår · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies fingodetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of vildgässenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
The pranksters noticed that they were not sure of the way, and did everything they could to lead them astray.
Upptågsmakarnathe prankstersUpptågsmakarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of märktemärktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of säkradetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of vorointenotinte · particlemodifies vorovorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on säkraarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
säkrasuresäker · adjective, nominative, pluralclausal complement of märkteomofom · prepositionpreposition marking vägenvägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of säkraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with säkraalltallall · adverbmodifies gjordevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of märktedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kundekundecouldkunna · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on vadförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of förvillaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förvillainfinitive marker before a verb.
förvillalead astrayförvilla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kundedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of förvilla- 39
"Where are you headed, good folk?" called a swan.
Vartwherevart · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies ämnarämnarintend toämna · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ämnarsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
eryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of ämnargottgoodgot · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies folkfolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of ämnarropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of svansvanswansvan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropade He came straight up to Akka and looked sympathetic and serious.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencerättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of komframforwardfram · adverbmodifies kommottomot · prepositionpreposition marking AkkaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of komproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kompast tense of se, 'to see.'
deltagandesympatheticdeltagande · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationallvarligseriousallvarlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with deltagandeutlookut · adverbmodifies såg- 41
"We are going to travel to Öland, but we have never been there before," said Akka.
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of resaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of resaresato travelresa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ÖlandÖlandÖlandÖland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of resamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of varitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supinecoordinated with resadärtheredär · adverbmodifies förutförutbeforeförut · adverbmodifies varitsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with resaAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of sadeproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
She thought that this was a bird to be trusted.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fågeldettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of fågelvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to fågelenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fågelfågelbirdfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of tyckteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of litainfinitive marker before a verb.
litato trustlita · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying fågelpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking lita- 43
"That is too bad," said the swan.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of illavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to illaförtooför · prepositionmodifies illaillabadlyilla · adjective, nominativehead of the phrasesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with illasvanenswansvan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade "Why, they have lured you astray.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of lockatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lockatjuwhyju · adverbmodifies lockatlockatluredlocka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceeryouni · pronoun, common gender, singularindirect object of lockatvilseastrayvilse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of lockatYou are on your way to Blekinge.
Niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
ärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåonpå · prepositionmodifies ärvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase påtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking BlekingeBlekingeBlekingeBlekinge · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of påA Swedish province.
Come along with me now, and I'll show you the right way!"
KomcomeKom · verb, imperative, activeadverbial clause on visanunownu · adverbmodifies Kommedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Komskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of visajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visavisato showvisa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceeryouni · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of rätträttrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of visa- 45
And so he set off with them, and when he had led them so far away from the great main route that they heard no calls, he disappeared into the fog.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of åstadforset offfor · prepositionpart of the phrase såPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of åstadåstadoff/awayåsta · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseDuplicate entry for the adverb 'åstad'; lemma mis-split as 'åsta'.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of åstadochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionmodifies förthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förtförtcarriedföra · verb, active, supinecoordinated with åstaddemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of förtsåsoså · adverbmodifies långtlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies bortbortawaybort · adverbmodifies förtfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking stråkvägendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stråkvägenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies stråkvägenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
stråkvägenthe main routestråkväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bortattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hördedetheyde · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ropThis type's own examples show 'de' used as the plain personal pronoun "they" (de voro ovanligt strävsamma = "they were unusually...") as often as the determiner "the" (de andra = "the others"); a fixed gloss of "the" mis-renders every pronoun occurrence.
ingano/noneingen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ropropcriesrop · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of passive hördehördeheardhörde · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of förtförsvanndisappearedförsvann · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with förtPast tense of försvinna ('disappeared'), mistagged as a noun.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försvanniini · prepositionpreposition marking dimmandimmanthe fogdimman · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of försvann - 47
Now they traveled about for a while entirely at random.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies foroforowentforo · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseMistagged as a noun; foro is the plural past tense of fara ("went/traveled").
detheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of forosurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
omkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies enenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies dealldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies måfåpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking måfåmåfåat randommåfå · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of foro Scarcely had they managed to find their way back to the birds again, before a duck came up to them.
KnapptscarcelyKnappt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies lyckatsUsed adverbially, 'scarcely had...'; mistagged as adjective.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lyckatsdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of lyckatslyckatsmanagedlycka · verb, passive, supinemain verb of the sentenceatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of finnainfinitive marker before a verb.
finnafindfinna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on lyckatsredafind outreda · adverbdepends on finnapart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påfoundpå · prepositionpreposition marking fåglarnafåglarnathe birdsfåglarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of finnaigenagainigen · adverbmodifies fåglarnaförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies enused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andanda duckand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lyckatsframforwardfram · adverbdepends on komtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of kom"It's best that you lie down on the water until the fog goes on its way," said the duck.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with bästärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to bästbästbestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativehead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of läggerniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of läggersecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
läggerlie downlägga · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on bästeryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of läggernerdownner · adverbdepends on läggerpåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking vattnetvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of läggertillsuntiltills · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gårdimmanthe fogdimman · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on läggersinawaysig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of vägvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gårsadesaidsaa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with bästlemma should be säga 'to say'; sade/sa are its past-tense forms.
andenthe duckande · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sade"One can certainly tell that you are not used to managing on journeys."
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of passive märksmärkscan tellmärka · verb, present, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentencejucertainlyju · adverbmodifies märksattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vananiyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vanasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
intenotinte · particlemodifies vanaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to vanavanaused tovana · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on märksatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of redainfinitive marker before a verb.
redamanagereda · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on vanaReflexive 'reda sig' = manage, get by.
eryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of redapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking resorresorjourneysresa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of reda- 49
It was not without success that those rascals managed to make Akka dizzy.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phrasevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies Detintenotinte · particlemodifies varutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionpreposition marking varfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lyckadesdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lyckadeslyckadesmanagedlyckades · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on Detdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of skälmarnaskälmarnathe rascalsskälma · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of lyckadesatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göramakegöra · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying skälmarnaAkkaAkkaAkka · noundirect object of göraProper name of the lead wild goose.
huvudyrdizzyhuvudyr · adverbmodifies göra As far as the boy could understand, the wild geese flew around in circles for a long while.
Såasså · adverbmodifies vittvittwhitevi · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies förståpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förståkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förståförståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on flögoflögoflewflögo · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense.
vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flögoattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
runtaroundrunt · prepositionpreposition marking stundenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundlånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flögo- 51
"Watch out! Don't you see that you're flying upside down?" cried a loon, as he plunged past.
Aktawatch out!Akta · adverbdepends on »imperative of akta sig ('to be careful/watch out'), not a true adverb.
eryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of AktaSerseeSer · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePresent tense of se ('to see'); capitalized here as sentence-initial.
niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Sersecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
intenotinte · particlemodifies Serattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of flygerniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flygersecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
flygerfliesflyga · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of Seroppupopp · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on flygerMistagged as a noun; opp is the colloquial spelling of upp, "up".
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnerdownner · adverbcoordinated with oppropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lomlomloonlom · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of ropadenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of störtadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of störtadestörtadeplungedstörta · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on lomförbipastförbi · adverbdepends on störtade The boy instinctively grabbed hold of the gander's neck.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of grepgrepgripped/seizedgrepa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast tense (grep) of gripa, an older strong-verb spelling.
ovillkorligeninstinctivelyovillkorligen · adverbmodifies greptagholdtag · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on grepomofom · prepositiondepends on taggåskarlensthe gander'sgåskarlens · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of halshalsneckhals · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of grepIt was something that he had long dreaded.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with någotvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to någotnågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronoundirect object of fruktatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fruktatlängelonglänge · adverbmodifies fruktathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fruktatfruktatdreadedfrukta · verb, past, participle, neuter, singular, nominativedepends on någotförfearedför · prepositionpreposition marking fruktat- 53
No one can say when they would have arrived, if a dull, rolling shot had not been heard far away.
Ingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of sägakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommitdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommitskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommithahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineclausal complement of sägaframforwardfram · adverbdepends on kommitomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hörtsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with hörtsintenotinte · particlemodifies hörtshadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörtshörtsbeen heardhörts · verb, passive, supineadverbial clause on kommitettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of skottdovtdulldov · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies skottrullanderollingrullande · adjective, nominativemodifies skottskottshotskott · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hörtslångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies bortabortafar awayborta · adverbmodifies hörts - 55
Then Akka thrust her neck forward, beat her wings hard, and set off at full speed.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies skötskötthrustsköt · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativedirect object of skötproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
framforwardfram · adverbpreposition marking halsenhalsenneckhals · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skötsmälldeclappedsmälla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sköthårthardhård · adverbmodifies smälldemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vingarnavingarnathe wingsvingarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of smälldelemma should be vinge 'wing'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with smälldepast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
fullfullfull · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fartfartspeedfart · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of satte Now she had something to guide herself by.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadenågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of rättainfinitive marker before a verb.
rättato go byrätta · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying någotOccurs in the idiom rätta sig efter, "to conform to/follow".
sigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of rättaefterbyefter · prepositionpreposition marking rättaThe greylag goose had just told her that she should not land right out on the southern tip of Öland, because there stood a cannon that people used to fire at the fog with.
Grågåsenthe greylag gooseGrågåse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sagthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagtjustjustjust · adverbmodifies sagtsagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularcomplement of sagtattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slåhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slåintenotinte · particlemodifies slåskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slåslålandslå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sagtnerdownner · adverbdepends on slåytterstat the very edgeytterst · adverbmodifies slåpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking uddeÖlandsÖland'sÖland · proper noun, genitivepossessor of uddeSwedish island.
södrasouthernsödra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies uddeuddepointudde · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slåa headland/point of land.
därförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of stodattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därfördärtheredär · adverbmodifies stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on slåenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kanonkanona cannonkanon · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of stodsomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of brukadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
människornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of brukadebrukadeused tobruka · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on kanonskjutafireskjuta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of brukadepåatpå · prepositiondepends on skjutadimmanthe fogdimma · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skjutamedwithmed · prepositiondepends on skjutaNow she knew the direction, and now no one in the world would be able to lure her astray.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies kändekändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of känderiktningendirectionriktning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kändeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies lockaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lockaingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of lockaiini · prepositionpreposition marking världenvärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lockakunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of lockalockalure/temptlocka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kändehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of lockavilseastrayvilse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of locka
The particulars
- The text
- Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige, Selma Lagerlöf. The Wonderful Adventures of Nils.
- Translation
- Public-domain Swedish (Lagerlöf, d. 1940; published 1906–07). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
- Words
- Every word of the text, by letter.
- Data
- JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents