Swedish · The Wonderful Adventures of Nils
Den stora fågelsjön
The Great Bird Lake
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- 1
JARRO THE WILD DUCK.
JARROJARROJARRO · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseGRÄSANDENTHE MALLARDGRÄSANDEN · nounmodifies JARRO - 2
On the eastern shore of Lake Vättern lies Omberg; east of Omberg lies Dagsmosse; east of Dagsmosse lies Lake Tåkern.
Påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking strandenöstraeasternöster · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies strandenstrandenshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of liggeravofav · prepositionpreposition marking VätternVätternLake VätternVättern · proper noun, nominativemodifies strandenliggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceOmbergOmbergOmberg · proper noun, nominativesubject of liggeröstereastöster · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Ombergomofom · prepositionpreposition marking OmbergOmbergOmbergOmberg · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of liggerliggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on liggerDagsmosseDagsmosseDagsmosse · proper noun, nominativesubject of liggerBog near Lake Tåkern.
östereastöster · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Dagsmosseomofom · prepositionpreposition marking DagsmosseDagsmosseDagsmosseDagsmosse · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of liggerBog near Lake Tåkern.
liggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to liggersjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies TåkernTåkernTåkernTåkern · proper noun, nominativesubject of ligger All around Tåkern spreads the great, level plain of Östergötland.
Runtaroundrunt · adverbmodifies utbrederomkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking TåkernTåkernTåkernTåkern · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utbrederProper name of a lake.
utbrederspreadsutbreda · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of utbrederdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of storastorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularcomplement of utbrederweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
jämnaleveljämn · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies ÖstgötaslättenÖstgötaslättenÖstergötland plainÖstgötaslätten · proper noun, nominativedirect object of utbreder- 3
Tåkern is a fairly large lake, and it is said to have been even larger once, in the old days.
TåkernTåkernTåkern · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sjöProper name of a lake.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to sjöenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sjöganskaquiteganska · adverbmodifies storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sjösjölakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationänevenän · adverbmodifies störrestörrebiggerstor · adjective, nominative, comparativecoordinated with sjöläris said tolära · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of förrdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of förrhahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of förrvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to förrförrbeforeförr · adverbcoordinated with sjöiini · prepositionpreposition marking världenvärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förr But people thought that it covered too great a part of the fertile plain, and they tried to drain the water out of it so as to be able to sow and reap on the lake bottom.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of täcktedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of täcktetäcktecoveredtäcka · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of tyckteöveroveröver · adverbpreposition marking delenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of delalltförtooalltför · adverbmodifies storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies deldelpartdel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of täckteavofav · prepositionpreposition marking slättendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of slättenfruktbarafertilefruktbar · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies slättenslättenplainslätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies delochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of försökteförsöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tyckteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tappainfinitive marker before a verb.
tappadraintappa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försökteutoutut · adverbdepends on tappavattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of tappaurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of tappaförso as toför · prepositionintroduces the clause of kommaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tappaåtableåt · prepositiondepends on kommaatttoatt · particlemodifies kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
såsowså · adverbpart of the phrase attochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase såskördareapskörda · verb, active, infinitivepart of the phrase såpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sjöbottnensjöbottnenlake bottomsjöbottn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of såThey did not, however, succeed in draining the whole lake, which had no doubt been the intention, and it still hides away a great deal of land.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lyckadeslyckadessucceededlycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceImpersonal 'det lyckades honom' = 'he succeeded'; lemma should be 'lyckas'.
demthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of lyckadesdockyet/stilldock · adverbmodifies lyckadesintenotinte · particlemodifies torrläggaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of torrläggainfinitive marker before a verb.
torrläggato draintorrlägga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of lyckadeshelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of torrläggasomwhichsom · pronounsubject of meningenThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
välno doubtväl · adverbmodifies meningenhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of meningenvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to meningenmeningenintentionmening · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on sjönutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of gömmergömmerhidesgömma · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with torrläggaalltjämtstillalltjämt · adverbmodifies gömmerbortawaybort · adverbdepends on gömmerenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of massamassaa mass ofmassa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gömmerBut since the draining, the lake has become so shallow that it is almost nowhere more than a couple of meters deep.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationeftersinceefter · prepositionpreposition marking urtappningenurtappningendrainingurtappning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blivitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies blivitgrundshallowgrund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase såattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of djupdeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of mernästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies ingenstansingenstansnowhereingenstans · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of merärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to mermermoremycket · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies djupänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking djupettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies metermetermetersmeter · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies djupdjupdeepdjup · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralclausal complement of blivitThe shores have become swampy, miry marshes, and everywhere out in the lake little mud islets stick up above the water's surface.
Strändernathe shoresStränderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of blivithahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesankamarshysanka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitAdjectival form 'marshy/swampy', despite the noun tag.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdyigamirydyig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies madermadermarshesmad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with sankaMad is a regional word for a wet meadow or marsh.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationöverallteverywhereöverallt · adverbmodifies uteuteoutsideute · adverbmodifies stickaioni · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utestickastick upsticka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with blivitsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dyholmardyholmarmud isletsdyholm · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of stickauppupupp · adverbmodifies dyholmaröveraboveöver · prepositionpreposition marking vattenytanvattenytanwater's surfacevattenyta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of upp- 4
Now there is one thing that likes to stand with its feet in the water, so long as it may keep its body and head up in the air, and that is the reed.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies finnsfinnsthere isfinnas · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finnssomthatsom · pronounsubject of tyckerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
tyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on enomlikeom · prepositionintroduces the clause of ståatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ståinfinitive marker before a verb.
ståstandstå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tyckermedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking fötternafötternafeetföttere · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of ståiini · prepositionpreposition marking vattenvattenwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies fötternabarajustbara · adverbmodifies hadenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of hafårmayfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on finnskroppenbodykropp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhuvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with kroppenuppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies haiini · prepositionpreposition marking luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uppeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of vassenärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to vassenvassenreedvass · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with finns It cannot find a better place to grow than along the long, shallow shores of Tåkern and around the little mud islets.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of finnakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of finnaintenotinte · particlemodifies finnafinnafindfinna · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencenågotanågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ställebättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies ställeställeplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of finnaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of växainfinitive marker before a verb.
växato growväxa · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying ställepåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking Tåkernsträndernaänthanän · adverbintroduces the clause of utefterutefteralongutefter · verb, present, indicative, activepreposition marking TåkernsträndernaActually the preposition/adverb 'utefter' (along), mistagged as a verb.
detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of TåkernsträndernaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
långgrundalong and shallowlånggrund · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies TåkernsträndernaTåkernsträndernathe Tåkern shoresTåkernstränderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of växaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationruntaroundrunt · adverbpart of the phrase ochomaroundom · prepositionpart of the phrase runtdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of dyholmarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
småsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dyholmarnadyholmarnathe mud isletsdyholmarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with TåkernsträndernaIt thrives so well there that it grows taller than a man and so dense that it is almost impossible to push a boat through it.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of trivstrivsthrivestrivas · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies trivsvälwellväl · adverbmodifies trivsattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blirdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on trivsmermoremycket · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies bliränthanän · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking manshögmanshögman-highmanshög · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blirochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåsoså · adverbmodifies tättätthicktät · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with blirattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of omöjligtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with omöjligtärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to omöjligtnästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies omöjligtomöjligtimpossibleomöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on tätatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of skjutainfinitive marker before a verb.
skjutapushskjuta · verb, active, infinitivedepends on omöjligtframforwardfram · adverbdepends on skjutaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of båtbåtboatbåt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skjutagenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of skjutaIt forms a broad, green enclosure all around the whole lake, so that the lake is accessible only in a few places, where people have cleared the reed away.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of bildarbildarformsbilda · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of inhägnadbredbroadbred · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies inhägnadgröngreengrön · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies inhägnadinhägnadenclosureinhägnad · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of bildarruntaroundrunt · adverbpreposition marking sjönomkringaroundomkring · adverbpreposition marking sjönhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bildarsåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of tillgängligattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sådennathisdenna · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of tillgängligbarajustbara · adverbmodifies tillgängligärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to tillgängligtillgängligaccessibletillgänglig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on bildarpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking ställennågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ställenställenplacesställe · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of tillgängligdärtheredär · adverbmodifies skaffatmänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of skaffathahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of skaffatskaffatclearedskaffat · verb, active, supinerelative clause on ställenbortawaybort · adverbdepends on skaffatvassenreedvass · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skaffat- 5
But if the reed shuts people out, it gives shelter and protection in return to a great many other creatures.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stängervassenreedvass · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stängerstängershutsstänga · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on geruteoutsideute · adverbdepends on stängermänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of stängergergivesge · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of gertillin returntill · prepositionpreposition marking skyddgengäldreturngengäld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies skyddused in the phrase 'till gengäld', 'in return'.
skyddshelterskydd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhägnprotectionhägn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldepends on annatåttoåt · prepositionpreposition marking mängdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of mängdmängda great manymängd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of annatannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of ger Inside the reed there are countless little ponds and channels of green, still water, where duckweed and pondweed thrive, and where mosquito larvae, fish fry, and worms hatch out in countless numbers.
Inneinsideinne · adverbmodifies vasseniini · prepositionpreposition marking vassenvassenreedvass · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of finnsfinnsthere arefinnas · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsmångfaldigacountlessmångfaldig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dammarsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dammardammarpondsdamm · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of finnsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkanalercanalskanal · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with dammarmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking gröntgröntgreengrön · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of finnsstillaståendestillstillaståe · adjective, nominativemodifies vattenvattenwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with gröntdärtheredär · adverbmodifies frodasandmatenthe duckweedandmat · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive frodasochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnatenpondweednat · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with andmatenfrodasthrivefroda · verb, present, indicative, passiverelative clause on vattenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärtheredär · adverbmodifies mygglarvermygglarvermosquito larvaemygglarver · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive kläckasfiskyngelfish fryfiskyngel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with mygglarverochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationklumpmaskarwormsklumpmaska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with mygglarverkläckasbe hatchedkläcka · verb, passive, infinitivesubject of passive finnsutoutut · adverbmodifies kläckasiini · prepositionpreposition marking skarororäkneligacountlessoräknelig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies skarorskarorcrowdsskara · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kläckasAnd along the shores of these little ponds and channels there are a great many well-hidden spots, where the waterfowl can hatch out their eggs and raise their young without being disturbed either by enemies or by worries about food.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvidalongvid · prepositionpreposition marking strändernasträndernashoresstrand · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of finnsavofav · prepositionpreposition marking dammardessathesedenna · determiner, pluraldeterminer of dammarsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dammardammarpondsdamm · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies strändernaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkanalercanalskanal · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with dammarfinnsthere arefinnas · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of myckenhetmyckenheta great dealmyckenhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finnsarchaic quantifier noun, 'en myckenhet X' = 'a great quantity of X'.
välwellväl · adverbmodifies finnsundandoldawell-hiddenundandolda · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies platserplatserplacesplats · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of finnsdärtheredär · adverbmodifies kläckasjöfåglarnathe waterfowlsjöfåglarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kläckakunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of kläckakläckahatchkläcka · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on platserutoutut · adverbdepends on kläckasinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of äggäggeggsägg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of kläckaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfödaraiseföda · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kläckauppupupp · adverbdepends on födasinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of ungarungaryoung onesung · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of födautanwithoututan · prepositionlinks the coordinationatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bliinfinitive marker before a verb.
blibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kläckastördadisturbedstörd · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of blivareeithervare · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigeithersig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of bliavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking fienderfienderenemiesfiende · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of blielleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking matbekymmermatbekymmerfood worriesmatbekymma · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with fiender- 6
An enormous number of birds also live in the Tåkern reeds, and more gather there year by year, as it becomes known what a splendid dwelling place it is.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with borborlivesbo · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies borenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of massaorimligenormousorimlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies massamassaa mass ofmassa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fåglarfåglarbirdsfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of boriini · prepositionpreposition marking TåkernvassenTåkernvassenthe Tåkern reedsTåkernvassen · proper noun, nominativemodifies fåglarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfleraseveralflera · pronoun, pluralsubject of passive samlassamlasgathersamla · verb, present, indicative, passivecoordinated with bordittheredit · adverbdepends on samlasåryearår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of passive samlasförbyför · prepositionpreposition marking åråryearår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of samlasalltallall · adverbintroduces the clause of ärsomassom · pronoundepends on blirThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on alltbekantknownbekant · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies blirvilkenwhatvilken · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of uppehållsortpräktigsplendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies uppehållsortuppehållsortdwelling placeuppehållsort · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with blirdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on samlas The first to settle there were the wild ducks, and they still live there by the thousand.
Detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of förstaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
förstafirsten · adjective, nominativehead of the phrasesurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of slogoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
slogosettledslogoa · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on förstaPast plural of slå ('to strike/land'); lemma mislabeled 'slogoa'.
sigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of slogonerdownner · adverbmodifies slogodärtheredär · adverbmodifies slogovorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on gräsändernaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
gräsändernawild ducksgräsänderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with förstaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of boboto livebo · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with första"To dwell/live"; not to be confused with bo, "nest".
därtheredär · adverbmodifies boännustillännu · adverbmodifies boibyi · prepositionmodifies botusentalby the thousandtusental · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase iBut they no longer own the whole lake; they have had to share the space with swans, grebes, coots, loons, shovelers, and a whole host of others.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ägaägato ownäga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies ägamerlongermycket · adverbmodifies helahelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ägautanbut ratherutan · conjunctionintroduces the clause of hafollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with ägamåsthad tomåst · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haThe supine of 'måste' (must), tagged as a noun but functioning as an auxiliary verb form.
delato sharedela · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of hamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of delaavshareav · prepositionpreposition marking utrymmetutrymmetspaceutrymme · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sigåtwithåt · prepositionpreposition marking svanorsvanorswanssvana · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies utrymmetdoppingargrebesdopping · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with svanorsothönscootssothöns · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with svanorlommarloonslomm · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with svanorskedändershovelersskedänd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with svanorochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hophelwholehel · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hophophosthop · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with svanorch22-p80-s4 'en hop trassliga trådar' is a mass/heap of threads, not a crowd.
andraothersannan · pronoun, pluraldirect object of dela- 7
Tåkern is certainly the largest and finest bird lake in the whole country, and the birds must count themselves fortunate as long as they possess such a refuge.
TåkernTåkernTåkern · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fågelsjöProper name of a lake.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to fågelsjösäkerligensurelysäkerligen · adverbmodifies fågelsjödenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fågelsjöstörstabiggeststor · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies fågelsjöochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationypperstafinestypperset · adjective, nominative, singularcoordinated with störstafågelsjöbird lakefågelsjö · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounsubject of finnsThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
finnsisfinnas · verb, present, indicativerelative clause on fågelsjöiini · prepositionpreposition marking landethelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of finnsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfåglarnathe birdsfåglarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of skattamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of skattaskattacount oneselfskatta · verb, active, infinitivedepends on fågelsjösigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of skattalyckligahappylycklig · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of skattasåasså · adverbmodifies längelängeas long aslänge · adverbmodifies ägasomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ägadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ägaägato possessäga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skattaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tillflyktsortsådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tillflyktsortsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
tillflyktsortrefugetillflyktsort · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of äga But it is uncertain how long they will keep their dominion over the reed tussocks and muddy shores, for the people cannot forget that the lake spreads out over a great deal of good, fertile land, and again and again proposals come up among them that they should drain it.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with ovisstärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to ovisstovisstuncertainoviss · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies behållahurhowhur · adverbmodifies långlånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of behålladetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of behållafåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of behållabehållato keepbehålla · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceväldetdominionvälde · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of behållaöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking vassruggarvassruggarreed thicketsvassrugg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of behållaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdy-strändermuddy shoresdy-stränd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with vassruggarförforför · prepositionpreposition marking människornamänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of behållakunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of glömmaintenotinte · particlemodifies glömmaglömmato forgetglömma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on behållaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bredersjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brederbrederspreadsbreda · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on behållautoutut · adverbdepends on bredersigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of brederöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking myckenhetenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of myckenhetmyckenheta great dealmyckenhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of brederarchaic quantifier noun, 'en myckenhet X' = 'a great quantity of X'.
godgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying myckenhetochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfruktbarfertilefruktbar · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with godjordearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on fruktbarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgångagaingång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies annanefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking annanannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommerkommerwillkomma · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with behålladetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of kommeruppupupp · adverbdepends on kommerförslagproposalförslag · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kommerblandamongbland · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies förslagattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of torrläggadetheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of skolaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
skolashallskola · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of torrläggatorrläggato draintorrlägga · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying förslagdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of torrläggaAnd if these proposals were carried out, the many thousands of waterfowl would be forced to move away from the region.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gingedessathesedenna · determiner, pluraldeterminer of förslagförslagproposalsförslag · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies gingegingewere carried outginge · proper noun, nominativehead of the phrasemistagged as a proper noun; it is the past subjunctive of 'gå' (to go).
iouti · prepositionpreposition marking verkställighetverkställighetexecutionverkställighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gingeblevewould becomebleve · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with gingeArchaic subjunctive form of 'bli' (to become/be), mislabeled as a noun.
detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vattenfåglarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
mångtusendemany thousandsmångtuse · adjective, nominativemodifies vattenfåglarnavattenfåglarnathe waterfowlvattenfåglarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of blevetvungnawould be forcedtvungna · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flyttaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of flyttainfinitive marker before a verb.
flyttamoveflytta · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to gingefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking traktentraktenregiontrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flytta- 8
At the time when Nils Holgersson was traveling about with the wild geese, there lived at Tåkern a wild duck named Jarro.
Påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking tidendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasedåwhendå · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fannsNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativepart of the phrase dåHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilsforwas travelingfor · prepositionmodifies NilsPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
omkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies vildgässenmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of forattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
fannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativerelative clause on tidenexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
vidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking TåkernTåkernTåkernTåkern · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of fannsenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gräsandgräsandmallardgräsand · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fannssomthatsom · pronounsubject of hetteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hettewas namedhette · proper noun, nominativein apposition to gräsandPast tense of heta ("to be called"), not a proper noun.
JarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativedirect object of hette He was a young bird, who had lived through only one summer, one autumn, and one winter.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ungfågelvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ungfågelenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ungfågelungfågelyoung birdungfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomwhosom · pronounsubject of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on ungfågellevatlivedlevat · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeMistagged as a noun; this is the supine of the verb 'leva' ('to live').
barajustbara · adverbmodifies levatenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singulardeterminer of sommarsommarsummersommar · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hösthöstautumnhöst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to sommarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vintervinterwintervinter · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with höstNow it was his first spring.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varhanshishan · pronounpossessor of vårförstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies vårsurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
vårspringvi · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varHe had just come home from North Africa and had reached Tåkern so early that the ice still lay on the lake.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hemkommenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to hemkommennyssjustnyss · adjective, nominativemodifies hemkommenhemkommencome homehemkommen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking NordafrikaNordafrikaNorth AfricaNordafrika · proper noun, nominativemodifies hemkommenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of nåttnåttreachednå · verb, active, supinecoordinated with hemkommenSupine of nå ('to reach').
TåkernTåkernTåker · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of nåttiso earlyi · prepositionpreposition marking tidsåsoså · adverbmodifies godgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nåttattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lågiseniceis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lågännustillännu · adverbmodifies låglåglayligga · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of nåttmistagged as adjective; the surface 'låg' here is the past tense of ligga 'to lie', not the unrelated adjective låg 'low'.
kvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on lågpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of låg- 9
One evening, when he and the other young drakes were amusing themselves by flying back and forth over the lake, a hunter fired a couple of shots after them, and Jarro was struck in the breast.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kvällkvälleveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of roadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of roadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andrakarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies andrakarnaungayoungung · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies andrakarnaandrakarnathe drakesandrakarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of roaderoadeamusedroa · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on kvällUsually reflexive 'roade sig' = amused himself/herself.
sigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of roademedwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of sträckaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sträckainfinitive marker before a verb.
sträckato flysträcka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on roadech05-p4-s3 ('Ingen den minsta sträcka land...') uses 'sträcka' as the noun (a strip/stretch of land, translated 'strip of land'), not the infinitive verb — a mistagged example under this verb key. The other three examples (stretch up necks / reach out a hand / fly back and forth) do belong to the verb and are covered by the listed senses.
framforwardfram · adverbdepends on sträckaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtillbakabacktillbaka · adverbcoordinated with framöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tillbakalossadefiredlossa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with roadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of jägarejägarehunterjägare · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lossadeavoffav · prepositionpreposition marking skottettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies skottskottshotsskott · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies jägareefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of lossadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of passive träffadesträffadeswas struckträffa · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with roadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking bröstetbröstetchestbröst · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of träffades He thought he was going to die, but so that the one who had shot him should not get him into his power, he kept on flying as long as he possibly could.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of troddetroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of döhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of döskullewas going toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of dödöto diedö · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of troddemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförso thatför · prepositionpreposition marking denattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase fördenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularadverbial clause on fåsomwhosom · pronounsubject of skjutitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skjutitskjutitshotskjutit · verb, active, supinerelative clause on dench16-p5-s1 'skjutit till spjället' = 'closed the damper' — this is the separable-verb idiom 'skjuta till' (push shut), not 'to shoot'.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of skjutitintenotinte · particlemodifies fåskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfågain control offå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with döhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of fåiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking våldsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of våldpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
våldpowervåld · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fåfortsattecontinuedfortsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with troddehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fortsatteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of flygainfinitive marker before a verb.
flygaflyflyga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fortsattesåasså · adverbmodifies längelängeas long aslänge · adverbadverbial clause on flygasomassom · adverbintroduces the clause of kundeAdverbial/conjunctive use of som ('as/just as'), distinct from its usual relative-pronoun sense.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kundemöjligenpossiblymöjligen · adverbmodifies kundekundecouldkunna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on flygaHe gave no thought to where he was steering his course, but only strove to get far away.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies tänktepåtopå · prepositionintroduces the clause of styrdevartwherevart · adverbmodifies styrdehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of styrdestyrdesteeredstyra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tänktekosancoursekosa · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of styrde'styra kosan' = 'to head/make one's way'.
utanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
strävadestrovesträva · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tänktebarajustbara · adverbmodifies strävadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on strävadelångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies kommabortawaybort · adverbmodifies kommaWhen his strength failed him, so that he could fly no farther, he was no longer over the lake.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionhead of the phrasekrafternastrengthkraft · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralpart of the phrase Närsvekofailedsveko · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on krafternaSveko is the historical plural past form of svika, here meaning ‘failed’.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of Närsåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of flygaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flygaintenotinte · particlemodifies flygakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flygaflygaflyflyga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on befannlängrefartherlänge · adverbmodifies flygabefannwasbefanna · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to NärReflexive 'befann sig' means 'was located/found himself'; lemma should be 'befinna'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of befannsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of befannintenotinte · particlemodifies befannmerlongermycket · adverbmodifies sjönöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of befannHe had flown some distance inland and now sank down in front of the entrance to one of the great farmsteads that rise on the shore of Tåkern.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flugithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flugitflugitflownfluga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of styckestyckepiecestycke · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of flugitinåtinto/inwardinåt · adverbpreposition marking landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of flugitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsjönksanksjönk · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with flugitnunownu · adverbmodifies sjönknerdownner · adverbmodifies sjönkframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking ingångeningångenentranceingång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sjönktilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking eneniten · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of sjönkavofav · prepositionpreposition marking bondgårdarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of bondgårdarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
storabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bondgårdarnabondgårdarnafarmsbondgård · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies ensomthatsom · pronounsubject of resaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
resato travelresa · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on ensigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of resapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking TåkernstrandenTåkernstrandenthe Tåkern shoreTåkernstranden · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of resa- 10
Shortly afterward a young farmhand crossed the yard.
Kortshortlykort · adverbmodifies gickdärefterafterwarddärefter · adverbmodifies gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of drängungyoungung · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies drängdrängfarmhanddräng · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gicköveracrossöver · prepositionpreposition marking gårdengårdenyardgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gick He caught sight of Jarro and came and picked him up.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickcaught sightfå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesynsightsyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking JarroJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of fickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlyfteliftedlyfte · verb, imperative, activecoordinated with komMislabeled as imperative; lyfte is the simple past tense of lyfta ("to lift").
uppupupp · adverbdepends on lyftehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lyfteBut Jarro, who wanted nothing but to be allowed to die in peace, gathered his last strength and bit the farmhand hard in the finger, so that he would let him go.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of passive dösomwhosom · pronounsubject of begärdeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies begärdebegärdeasked forbegärde · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralrelative clause on JarroPast-tense verb 'begärde' (asked for/demanded), mistagged as a noun.
annatanything elseannan · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies begärdeänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fåbe allowed tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of dödöto diedö · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceiini · prepositionpreposition marking fredfredpeacefred · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of dösamladegatheredsamla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with dödåthendå · adverbmodifies samladesinahissig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of kraftersistalastsista · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies krafterkrafterstrengthkraft · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of samladeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnöpnippednöp · verb, imperative, activecoordinated with krafterPast tense of 'nypa' (to nip/pinch), mistagged here as imperative.
drängenthe farmhanddrängen · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of nöphårthardhård · adverbmodifies nöpiini · prepositionpreposition marking fingretfingretthe fingerfingr · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of nöpförso thatför · prepositionintroduces the clause of släppaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of släppadennehedenna · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of släppaArchaic masculine demonstrative "denne" used anaphorically for a previously named male person.
skullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of släppasläppalet gosläppa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on samladehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of släppa- 11
Jarro did not succeed in freeing himself, but that attack did have this much good in it, that the farmhand noticed the bird was alive.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies lyckadeslyckadesmanagedlyckades · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lyckadesJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of lyckadesatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
görafreegöra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of lyckadessighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of görafrifreefri · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of göramenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of godadärtheredär · adverbmodifies hadeanfalletattackanfall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on detändådidändå · adverbmodifies detdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of godagodagoodgod · adjective, nominative, singularcoordinated with lyckadesmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigitsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of godaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of märktedrängenfarmhanddräng · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märktemärktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on godaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of levdefågelnbirdfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of levdelevdelivedleva · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of märkte He carried him very gently into the cottage and showed him to the mistress of the house, who was a young woman with a gentle face.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of barbarcarriedba · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceTagged present tense, but every occurrence is the old preterite of bära ("carried"), not the present.
heltquitehelt · adverbmodifies varligenvarligengentlyvarligen · adverbmodifies barininin · adverbdepends on barhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of bariintoi · prepositionpreposition marking stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of barochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvisadeshowedvisa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with barhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of visadeförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking matmodernmatmodernmistressmatmoder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of visadeOld word for the woman who runs the household/farm.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of kvinnaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to kvinnaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kvinnaungyoungung · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kvinnakvinnawomankvinna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on matmodernmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ansikteettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ansiktemiltgentlemild · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ansikteansiktefaceansikte · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies kvinnaShe took Jarro at once from the farmhand, stroked him along the back, and wiped away the blood that was oozing through the down of his neck.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies togJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativedirect object of togfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking drängendrängenfarmhanddräng · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of togsmektestrokedsmeka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with toghonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of smekteöveralongöver · prepositionpreposition marking ryggenryggenbackrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of smekteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtorkadewiped awaytorka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with smektebortawaybort · adverbdepends on torkadeblodetbloodblod · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of torkadesomthatsom · pronounsubject of sippradeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
sippradewas oozingsippra · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on blodetframforwardfram · adverbdepends on sippradegenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking halsdunethalsdunethis neck downhalsdun · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sippradeShe examined him very closely, and when she saw how beautiful he was, with his dark green, glossy head, his white collar, his reddish-brown back, and his blue wing-mirror, she surely thought it a pity that he should die.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of betraktadebetraktadewatchedbetrakta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of betraktademycketverymycket · adverbmodifies noganogacarefullynoga · adverbcomplement of betraktadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of såghonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with betraktadepast tense of se, 'to see.'
hurhowhur · adverbmodifies vackervackerbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on varhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vackervarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of sågmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking mörkgrönasitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of mörkgrönapossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
mörkgrönadark greenmörkgröna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of varglänsandegleamingglänsande · adjective, nominativemodifies huvudhuvudheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with mörkgrönasitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of halsbandpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
vitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies halsbandhalsbandcollarhalsband · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with mörkgrönasinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of ryggbrunrödareddish-brownbrunröda · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies ryggryggbackrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with mörkgrönaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of vingspegelblåablueblå · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies vingspegelvingspegelwing patchvingspegel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with mörkgrönatycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with betraktadehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktesäkertsurelysäker · adverbmodifies tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of synddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of syndvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to syndsynda pitysynd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of döhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of döskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of dödöto diedö · verb, active, infinitivedepends on syndShe quickly got a basket ready and made a bed for the bird in it.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencerasktbrisklyrask · adverbmodifies gjordeireadyi · prepositiondepends on gjordeordningreadyordning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase ienaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of korgkorgbasketkorg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gjordedärtheredär · adverbmodifies bäddadehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bäddadebäddademade a bedbädda · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on korgnerdownner · adverbdepends on bäddadefågelnbirdfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of bäddade- 12
Jarro had been flapping and struggling the whole time to get free, but when he now understood that the people did not intend to kill him, he settled comfortably into the basket.
JarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies flaxatflaxatflappedflaxat · adverbparallel clause to hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkämpatfoughtkämpa · verb, active, supinecoordinated with flaxatförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of kommaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on flaxatlossfreeloss · adverbdepends on kommamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förstodhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstodnunownu · adverbmodifies förstodförstodunderstoodförstå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ladeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ämnademänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of ämnadeintenotinte · particlemodifies ämnadeämnadeintendedämna · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on förstoddödadeaddöd · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of ämnadeladesettledla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hade"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ladesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of lademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking känslaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of känslakänslafeelingkänsla · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ladeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking välbehagvälbehagpleasurevälbehag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies känslatillcomfortablytill · prepositionpreposition marking korgenrättacomfortablyrätta · noun, common genderpart of the phrase tillThe gloss 'order' doesn't fit any of the four examples, which are three distinct idioms built on the noun 'rätta' (the right/correct state), not a standalone noun meaning 'order'.
iintoi · prepositionpreposition marking korgenkorgenbasketkorg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies känsla Only now did it become clear how exhausted he was from pain and loss of blood.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies märktesförstfirstförst · adverbpart of the phrase Numärkteswas evidentmärktes · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with märkteshurhowhur · adverbmodifies utmattadutmattadexhaustedutmattad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of märkteshanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of utmattadvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to utmattadavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking plågorplågortormentsplåga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralagent of utmattadochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblodförlustloss of bloodblodförlust · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with plågorThe mistress carried the basket across the floor to set it in the corner by the hearth, but even before she had set it down, Jarro had closed his eyes and fallen asleep.
Matmodernthe mistressMatmodern · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of barbarcarriedba · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceTagged present tense, but every occurrence is the old preterite of bära ("carried"), not the present.
korgenbasketkorg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of baröveracrossöver · prepositionpreposition marking golvetgolvetfloorgolv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of barförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of ställaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ställainfinitive marker before a verb.
ställato setställa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on bardenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of ställaiini · prepositionpreposition marking vrånvrånthe cornervrån · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ställavidbyvid · prepositionpreposition marking spisenspisenhearthspis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ställamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies satteinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sattehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattesattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with barpast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
nerdownner · adverbdepends on sattedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of sattehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slutitJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of slutitslutitclosedsluta · verb, active, supinecoordinated with barögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of slutitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsjunkitsunksjunka · verb, active, supinecoordinated with slutitiasleepi · prepositionmodifies sjunkitsömnsleepsömn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase i- 13
After a while Jarro woke up because someone gently nudged him.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vaknadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vaknadevaknadewoke upvakna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of vaknadevidbecausevid · prepositionintroduces the clause of stötteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stöttenågonsomeonenågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of saktasaktagentlysakta · adverbsubject of stöttestöttenudgedstötte · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on vaknadetillnudgedtill · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of stötte When he opened his eyes, he felt such great terror that he nearly lost his senses.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sloghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slogslogopenedslå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on erforLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
uppupupp · adverbdepends on slogögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of slogerforfelterfor · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of erforenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skräcksåsuchså · adverbmodifies storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies skräckskräckterrorskräck · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of erforattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of höllhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllhöllnearlyhålla · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of erforpånearlypå · prepositiondepends on höllatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of mistainfinitive marker before a verb.
mistato losemista · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on höllsansensensessans · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of mistaNow he was surely lost, for here stood the one that was more dangerous than both people and birds of prey.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activepassive auxiliary of förloradhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förloradvälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies förloradförloradlostförlorad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseförforför · prepositionmodifies stodhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase förstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with förloraddenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of stodsomthatsom · pronounsubject of farligareThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to farligarefarligaremore dangerousfarlig · adjective, nominative, comparativeadverbial clause on stodänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking människorbådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of farligareochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrovfåglarbirds of preyrovfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with människorIt was none other than Caesar himself, the long-haired bird dog, curiously sniffing at him.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of Cesarvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to Cesaringennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of mindremindreotherlite · adverbmodifies CesarSurface 'mindre' is the shared comparative of both 'lite' (less) and 'liten' (small); in ch. examples it renders as predicate-adjective 'smaller' (mycket mindre än han, mindre höga) as often as adverbial 'less' (nöjde sig inte med mindre).
änthanän · prepositionpreposition marking CesarCesarCaesarCesar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasesjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Cesardenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fågelhundenlånghårigalong-hairedlånghårig · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies fågelhundenfågelhundenthe bird dogfågelhund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Cesarsomthatsom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of nosadenyfiketcuriouslynyfiket · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of nosadenosadesniffednosa · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on fågelhundenpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nosade- 14
How pitifully afraid Jarro had been the previous summer, when he was still a little yellow duckling, every time it had rung out over the reed tussocks: »Caesar is coming!
Hurhowhur · adverbmodifies ömkansvärtömkansvärtpitifullyömkansvär · adverbmodifies räddräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies varitJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of varitvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to sommarenförrapreviousförra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sommarensommarensummersommar · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dunungehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dunungeännustillännu · adverbmodifies dunungevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to dunungeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dunungelitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies dunungegulyellowgul · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies dunungedunungedowny chickdununge · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ljuditvareveryvara · verb, past, indicative, activemodifies dunungegångtimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase vardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with ljudithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ljuditljuditrung outljudit · verb, active, supinedirect object of hadeöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking vassruggarnavassruggarnathe reed tussocksvassruggare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies ljuditCesarCaesarCees · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kommerSurface 'Cesar' is the dog's name (Caesar), lemmatized oddly as 'Cees'.
kommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentence Caesar is coming!»
CesarCaesarCesar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceWhen he had seen the brown-and-white spotted dog, with its jaws full of teeth, come wading through the reeds, he had thought he was looking upon death itself.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of setthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on kommadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of brun-brun-brownbrun · noun, common gendermodifies hundenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvitfläckigawhite-spottedvitfläckig · adjective, nominative, singularcoordinated with brun-hundendoghund · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of settmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking gapetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of gapettandfylldatooth-filledtandfylld · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gapetgapetjawsgap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hundenkommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencevadandewadingvadande · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kommagenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking vassenvassenreedvass · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommahadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trotthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trotttrottthoughttrot · verb, active, supinecoordinated with kommasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of trottskådabeholdskåda · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of trottdödendeathdöd · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skådaExamples mix the noun (döden) with adjectival uses (död gås); flag if the occurrence is adjectival.
självitselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying dödenHe had always hoped that he would never have to live through the moment when he met Caesar eye to eye.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hoppatshadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hoppatsalltidalwaysalltid · adverbmodifies hoppatshoppatshopedhoppas · verb, passive, supinemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of upplevahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of upplevaintenotinte · particlemodifies upplevaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of upplevabehövato need tobehöva · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of upplevaupplevato experienceuppleva · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hoppatsdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundenstundenwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of upplevanärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of möttehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of möttemöttemetmötte · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on upplevaCesarCaesarCese · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of mötteDog's proper name; mistagged as common noun plural.
ögaeyeöga · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of möttemottomot · prepositionpreposition marking ögaögaeyeöga · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of mötte- 15
But to his misfortune he must have happened to fall down in the very farmyard where Caesar lived, for now he stood there over him.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkatmåttemustmåtte · adverbmodifies hanModal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means "must"; the perfect sense ("must have") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain "must."
tillto his misfortunetill · prepositionpreposition marking olyckasinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of olyckaolyckamisfortuneolycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hanhahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of råkatråkathappened toråka · auxiliary verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencefallato fallfalla · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of råkatnerdownner · adverbdepends on fallaiini · prepositionpreposition marking gårdendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gårdengårdenfarmyardgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of falladärtheredär · adverbmodifies varCesarCaesarCes · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of varProper name of the dog Cesar (surface 'Cesar'); lemma is a parser artifact.
varwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on fallahemmaat homehemma · adverbmodifies varförforför · conjunctionintroduces the clause of stodnunownu · adverbmodifies stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fallahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stoddärtheredär · adverbmodifies stodöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stod »What sort of creature are you?» he growled.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phraseärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to Vadduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Vadförsort offör · prepositionpreposition marking enenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Vadbrummadegrowledbrumma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brummade»How have you gotten into the cottage?
Hurhowhur · adverbmodifies kommitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceininin · adverbdepends on kommitiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommitDon't you belong down among the reed tussocks?»
Hörhear/listenHör · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Hörintenotinte · particlemodifies Hörhemmaat homehemma · adverbmodifies Hörneredownnere · adverbmodifies Hörblandamongbland · prepositionpreposition marking vassruggarnavassruggarnareed tussocksvassrugge · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of nere- 16
It was only with the greatest difficulty that Jarro could summon the courage to answer.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of fåvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activedepends on fåmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking nödknappbarelyknapp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies nödnöddistressnöd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies JarroJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of fåkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfåsummon couragefå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemodcouragemod · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of svarainfinitive marker before a verb.
svarato answersvara · verb, active, infinitivedepends on få »Don't be angry with me, Caesar, because I have come into the cottage!» he said.
Varbevar · pronoun, common gender, singularmodifies »"var" is both the interrogative/relative adverb "where" and the past tense of vara ("was"); the parser conflated the two under one type.
intenotinte · particlemodifies Varondangryonda · adjective, nominativepart of the phrase Varpåwithpå · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of VarCesarCaesarCes · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with migProper name of the dog Cesar (surface 'Cesar'); lemma is a parser artifact.
därförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of kommitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därförjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on Varininin · adverbdepends on kommitiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommitsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade»It is not my fault.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of felärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to felintenotinte · particlemodifies felmittmymig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of felNeuter form of the possessive min ("my"), not the object pronoun mig.
felfaultfel · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseI have been wounded by a shot.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceskadskjutenshot and woundedskadskjuten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitIt is the people themselves who have put me in this basket.»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with människornaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to människornamänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasesjälvathemselvessjälv · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying människornasomwhosom · pronounsubject of lagtThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lagtlagtlaidlägga · verb, active, supinedepends on människornamigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lagtiini · prepositionpreposition marking korgendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of korgenhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase denkorgenbasketkorg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lagt- 17
»So it is the people themselves who have put you here,» said Caesar.
JasåsoJaså · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on människornaInterjection mistagged as a noun; expresses mild surprise or acknowledgment and its English rendering shifts with tone.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of människornaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to människornamänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sadesjälvathemselvessjälv · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying människornasomwhosom · pronounsubject of lagtThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lagtlagtlaidlägga · verb, active, supinedepends on människornahitherehit · adverbdepends on lagtdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lagtsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceCesarCaesarCes · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sadeProper name of the dog Cesar (surface 'Cesar'); lemma is a parser artifact.
»Then it is surely their intention to cure you, although for my part I think they would do wiser to eat you up, now that you are in their power.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies meningärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to meningdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with meningsäkertsurelysäker · adverbmodifies meningderastheirde · pronounpossessor of meningpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
meningintentionmening · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of botainfinitive marker before a verb.
botato curebota · verb, active, infinitivedepends on meningdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of botafastalthoughfast · adverbmodifies jagjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with meningförforför · prepositionpreposition marking delminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of delpossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
delpartdel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tyckertyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on meningattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of göradetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of göraskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of göragöradogöra · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of tyckerklokarewiserklokare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of göraMistagged as a noun; 'klokare' is the comparative of the adjective 'klok' (wise).
itoi · prepositionintroduces the clause of ätaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ätainfinitive marker before a verb.
ätaeatäta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on göraoppupoppa · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on ätaDialectal form of upp ("up"), a particle, not a finite verb; the parser mistagged it.
digyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of ätanärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ärduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to våldiini · prepositionpreposition marking våldderastheirde · pronounpossessor of våldpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
våldpowervåld · noun, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of tyckerBut in any case, you are safe from harm in the cottage.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiin any casei · prepositionpreposition marking fallallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fallfallcasesfall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of fridlystärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to fridlystduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fridlystfridlystprotectedfridlysa · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseiini · prepositionpreposition marking stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fridlystYou needn't look so frightened.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sebehöverneedbehöva · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of seintenotinte · particlemodifies seseseese · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies seräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of seutlookut · adverbmodifies räddWe are not down at Tåkern now.»
Nunownu · adverbmodifies ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of ärintenotinte · particlemodifies ärneredownnere · adverbmodifies ärpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking TåkernTåkernTåkernTåkern · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of nere- 18
With this, Caesar went and lay down to sleep in front of the blazing hearth fire.
Härmedwith thishärmed · adverbmodifies gickNarrative connective ('Härmed lyfte hon vingarna' = 'With this she lifted her wings'); 'hereby' is too formal/legalistic a register for this usage.
gickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceCesarCaesarCesar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of gickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationladelay downla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gick"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ladeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sovainfinitive marker before a verb.
sovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of ladeframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking spisbrasandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of spisbrasanflammandeblazingflammande · adjective, nominativemodifies spisbrasanspisbrasanthe hearth firespisbrasan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sova As soon as Jarro understood that this terrible danger was past, the great weariness fell over him again, and he sank once more into sleep.
Såasså · adverbmodifies förstodsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies Såsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förstodJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of förstodförstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fölldennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of faragräsligaterriblegräslig · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies farafaradangerfara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of föllsome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies faraförbipastförbi · adverbpreposition marking varföllfellföll · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of förstoddenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of mattighetenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies mattighetenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
mattighetenthe wearinessmattighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of föllöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of föllochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sjönksjönksanksjönk · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with förstodpåagainpå · prepositionpreposition marking nyttnyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sjönkiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking sömnsömnsleepsömn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sjönk- 19
The next time Jarro woke, he saw that a dish of grain and water stood before him.
Nästanextnästa · adjective, nominativemodifies gånggångtimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies JarroJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of vaknadevaknadewoke upvakna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesågsawsåga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on vaknadeMislemmatized: surface is 'såg', the past tense of se ('to see'/'looked'), in both examples ('såg han sig om' = 'looked around'), not a form of såga ('to saw'). Gloss corrected to 'saw' (as in 'he saw/looked').
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stodettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of fatfatdishfat · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of stodmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking gryngryngraingryn · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies fatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvattenwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with grynstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of sågframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stod He was still quite ill, but he felt hungry all the same and began to eat.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sjukvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to sjukännustillännu · adverbmodifies ganskaganskaquiteganska · adverbmodifies sjuksjuksicksjuk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändekändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sjuksighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kändehungrighungryhungrig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of kändeiall the samei · prepositionpreposition marking fallallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fallfallcasesfall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of kändeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sjukätaeatäta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadeWhen the mistress saw that he was eating, she came over and stroked him and looked pleased.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågmatmodernthe mistressmatmodern · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågthe woman/housewife who feeds the animals of a farm.
sågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kompast tense of se, 'to see.'
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of åthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of åtåteatingåt · prepositionclausal complement of sågkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komframforwardfram · adverbdepends on komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmektestrokedsmeka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with komhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of smekteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kompast tense of se, 'to see.'
gladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of sågutlookut · adverbdepends on sågAfter that Jarro fell asleep again.
Därefterafterwarddärefter · adverbmodifies somnadesomnadefell asleepsomna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of somnadeininin · adverbdepends on somnadepåagainpå · prepositionpreposition marking nyttnyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of inFor several days he did nothing but eat and sleep.
Underforunder · prepositionpreposition marking dagarfleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dagardagardaysdag · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordeingentingnothingingenting · noundirect object of gjordeannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies gjordeänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of åtåteatåt · prepositionadverbial clause on gjordeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsovsleptsov · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with åt- 20
One morning Jarro felt so well that he got up out of the basket and walked out across the floor.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of morgonmorgonmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändekändefeltkän · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast tense 'kände' of känna, here in the sense 'recognized'; same surface as käna but a distinct sense of the polysemous verb.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of kändeJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of kändesåsoså · adverbmodifies friskfriskwellfrisk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of kändeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of steghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stegsteggot upsteg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on friskuppupupp · adverbdepends on stegurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking korgenkorgenbasketkorg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stegochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvandradewanderedvandra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stegframåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies golvetgolvetfloorgolv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of vandrade But he had not gone far before he fell over and lay there.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hunnithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hunnitintenotinte · particlemodifies hunnithunnitgonehinna · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencelångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies hunnitförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies föllused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of föllföllfellföll · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hunnitomkulloveromkull · adverbmodifies föllUsed with verbs of falling/knocking, e.g. 'slog omkull' = 'knocked over'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with föllliggandelyingliggande · adjective, nominativemodifies blevThen Caesar came, opened his great jaws, and took hold of him.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceCesarCaesarCes · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of komProper name of the dog Cesar (surface 'Cesar'); lemma is a parser artifact.
öppnadeopenedöppna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with komsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of gappossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
storabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gapweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
gapjawsgap · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of öppnadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfattadetook holdfatta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with öppnadeomaroundom · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fattadeJarro naturally thought that the dog meant to bite him to death, but Caesar carried him back to the basket without hurting him.
JarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of troddetroddethoughttrodde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenaturligtvisnaturallynaturligtvis · adverbmodifies troddeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ämnadehundendoghund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ämnadeämnadeintendedämna · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of troddebitato bitebita · verb, active, infinitivedirect object of ämnadeihjälto deathihjäl · verb, active, supinedepends on bitahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardepends on ihjälmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationCesarCaesarCesar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of barbarcarriedba · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with ämnadeTagged present tense, but every occurrence is the old preterite of bära ("carried"), not the present.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of bartillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies bartilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking korgenkorgenbasketkorg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tillbakautanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of skadaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of skadainfinitive marker before a verb.
skadahurtingskada · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on barhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of skadaFrom this Jarro gained such trust in Caesar that on his next outing across the cottage he went up to the dog and lay down beside him.
Häravfrom thishärav · adverbmodifies fickfickgainedfå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of fickettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of förtroendesådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies förtroendeförtroendetrustförtroende · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of ficktillintill · prepositionpreposition marking CesarCesarCaesarCes · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies förtroendeProper name of the dog Cesar (surface 'Cesar'); lemma is a parser artifact.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gickhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickvidonvid · prepositionpreposition marking utfärdnästanextnästa · adjective, nominativemodifies utfärdutfärdoutingutfärd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickithroughi · prepositionpreposition marking stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies utfärdgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeclause modifying förtroendeframforwardfram · adverbdepends on gicktilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking hundenhundendoghund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationladelay downla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gick"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ladebredvidbesidebredvid · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ladeAfter this Caesar and he became good friends, and every day Jarro lay for several hours sleeping between Caesar's paws.
Efterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of blevoblevobecameblevo · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencelemma should be bli 'to become'; blevo is the archaic plural past tense (they became).
CesarCaesarCesar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of blevoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singulardeterminer of vännergodagoodgod · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vännervännerfriendsvänn · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Cesarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with ,låglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blevovarwasvara · adverbmodifies lågThis is the past tense "var" of vara ("to be"), not an adverb; the parser mistagged it.
dagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase varfleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies timmartimmarhourstimme · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsovsleptsov · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågmellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking CesarsCesarsCaesar'sCesars · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of sovGenitive of the dog's name Caesar.
tassarpawstassa · verb, present, indicative, activedirect object of sov- 21
Jarro felt an even greater affection for the mistress than for Caesar.
Ändåevenändå · adverbmodifies störrestörrebiggerstor · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies tillgivenhettillgivenhetaffectiontillgivenhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kändeförforför · prepositionpreposition marking CesarCesarCaesarCesar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kändekändefeltkäna · verb, past, indicative, activeclause modifying tillgivenhetJarroJarroJarro · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kändeProper name (the wild duck), mistagged as a noun.
förforför · prepositionpreposition marking matmodernmatmodernmistressmatmoder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kändeOld word for the woman who runs the household/farm.
Toward her he felt not the least fear, but rubbed his head against her hand when she came and gave him food.
Förtowardför · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of erforerforfelterfor · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of erforintenotinte · particlemodifies erfordenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skräckminstaleastliten · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies skräckskräckterrorskräck · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of erforutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionintroduces the clause of strökfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of strökströkrubbedströk · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on erforsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of huvudpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
huvudheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of strökmottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking handhennesherhon · pronounpossessor of handpossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
handhandhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ströknärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on erforochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgavgavege · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with komLight-verb idioms in the examples: "gav ... till ett klagoskrik" = let out a cry; "gav sig tid" = took the time — not literal "gave" in either case.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of gavmatfoodmat · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gavWhen she went out of the cottage, he sighed with sorrow, and when she came back, he called out a welcome to her in his own language.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gickhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on suckadeutoutut · adverbdepends on gickurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gicksuckadesighedsucka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of suckadeavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking sorgsorgsorrowsorg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of suckadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with suckadetillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies komropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with suckadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropadevälkommenwelcomevälkomm · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ropadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ropadepåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking språksitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of språkpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
egetownegen · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies språkspråklanguagespråk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ropade- 22
Jarro forgot entirely how afraid he had once been of both dogs and people.
JarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of glömdeglömdeforgotglömde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencealldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies bortbortawaybort · adverbmodifies glömdehurhowhur · adverbmodifies räddräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of glömdehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on räddförofför · prepositionpreposition marking hundarbådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhundardogshund · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of förrochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with hundarförrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies räddioncei · prepositionpreposition marking världenvärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förr He thought them gentle and kind, and he loved them.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blidadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of blidavorowerevoro · particlecopula linking to blidaArchaic plural preterite of vara 'to be'; mistagged as particle.
blidagentleblida · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of tyckteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgodagoodgod · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with blidaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of älskadeälskadelovedälskad · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tycktedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of älskadeHe wished that he were well again, so that he could fly down to Tåkern and tell the wild ducks that their old enemies were not dangerous, and that they need not fear them at all.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of önskadeönskadewishedönska · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of friskhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of friskvorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to friskfriskwellfrisk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on önskadesåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of flygaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flygakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flygaflygaflyflyga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on frisknerdownner · adverbdepends on flygatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking TåkernTåkernTåkernTåkern · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of flygaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with flygaomtellom · prepositiondepends on talaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking gräsändernagräsändernawild ducksgräsänderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of talaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fruktaderastheirde · pronounpossessor of fienderpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
gamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fienderfienderenemiesfiende · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fruktaintenotinte · particlemodifies fruktavorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on farligaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
farligadangerousfarlig · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of fruktaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fruktadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fruktaallsat allalls · adverbmodifies fruktaintenotinte · particlemodifies fruktabehövdeneeded tobehöva · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fruktafruktato fearfrukta · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of gräsändernademthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of frukta- 23
He had noticed that both the people and Caesar had calm eyes, which it did one good to look into.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lagthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lagtlagtlaidlägga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencemärkenoticemärke · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of lagtBoth attested examples are the idiom 'lägga märke till' = 'to notice', not the bare noun 'mark'; flag as context-dependent so the idiomatic sense isn't lost.
tillnoticedtill · prepositionintroduces the clause of människornaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase tillsåvälas well assåväl · conjunctionmodifies människornaused in the pair 'såväl...som' (both...and).
människornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of lagtsomassom · pronounlinks the coordinationThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
CesarCaesarCese · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hadeDog's proper name; mistagged as common noun plural.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on människornalugnacalmlugen · adjective, nominativemodifies ögonögoneyesögon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of hadesomwhichsom · pronoundepends on gjordeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on ögonenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gottgottgoodgott · adverbmodifies gjordeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gjordeininin · adverbdepends on seiini · prepositionpreposition marking se The only one in the cottage whose gaze he was not glad to meet was Klorina, the cottage cat.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singularhead of the phraseendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativepart of the phrase Deniini · prepositionpreposition marking stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Denvarswhosevars · pronounsubject of blickarblickarglances/eyesblicka · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on DenEvery example shows 'blickar' as the plural noun (his/her glances/eyes), subject of 'föllo' — not the present-tense verb 'blickar' (glances/gazes). Morphology tag is mislabeled verb; the idiom is 'hans blickar föll på' = 'his eyes/glance fell on'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blickarintenotinte · particlemodifies mötagärnagladgärna · adverbmodifies mötaType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
villewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of mötamötato meetmöta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of blickarvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to KlorinaKlorinaKlorinaKlorina · proper noun, nominativeparallel clause to blickarthe cottage cat's name.
stugkattanthe cottage catstugkatta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with KlorinaShe did him no harm either, but he could not bring himself to trust her.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of gjordeingentingnothingingenting · subordinating conjunctiondirect object of gjordeontharmont · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gjordeBoth examples ('göra oss något ont' = 'do us harm', 'inte hade förmått göra mycket ont' = 'not been able to do much harm') attest the sense 'harm', not 'pain', which was the pinned default gloss.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of onthellereitherheller · adverbmodifies gjordemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fattakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fattaintenotinte · particlemodifies fattafattato trustfatta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gjordenågotanynågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of förtroendeförtroendetrustförtroende · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fattaförinför · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies förtroendeBesides, she was always teasing him because he loved the people.
Dessutombesidesdessutom · adverbmodifies retadesretadesteasedretades · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive retadesständigtconstantlyständig · adverbmodifies retadesmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of retadesdärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of älskadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därförhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of älskadeälskadelovedälskad · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on retadesmänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of älskade»You think they take care of you because they are fond of you,» said Klorina.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vårdardetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of vårdarvårdartake care ofvårda · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of trordigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of vårdardärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of tyckerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därfördetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of tyckertyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on vårdaromfond ofom · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tyckersadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to trorKlorinaKlorinaKlorina · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadethe cottage cat's name.
»Just wait until you're nice and fat!
Väntawait!vänta · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencebarajustbara · adverbmodifies Väntatillsuntiltills · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blirduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on Väntalagomjust rightlagom · adverbmodifies fetfetfatfet · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blirThen they'll wring your neck.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies vridervriderwringvrida · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of vridernackenthe necknack · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of vriderMislabeled as plural; nacken is the definite singular of nacke ("the neck").
avoffav · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies nackenI know them, I do.»
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kännerkännerfeelskänna · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetillknowtill · prepositiondepends on kännerdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of kännerjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to dem- 24
Jarro had a tender and devoted heart, as all birds do, and he was unspeakably grieved to hear this.
JarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeömttenderömt · verb, present, indicative, activecomplement of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtillgivetdevotedtillgiv · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardeterminer of hjärtahjärtahearthjärta · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with hadesomassom · pronounsubject of blevThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
allaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fåglarfåglarbirdsfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralpart of the phrase somochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on hjärtaoutsägligtunspeakablyoutsäglig · adverbmodifies bedrövadbedrövaddistressedbedrövad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hördehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hadedettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hörde He could not imagine that the mistress would want to wring his neck, nor could he believe any such thing of her son, the little boy who used to sit for hours beside his basket, babbling and chattering.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänkaintenotinte · particlemodifies tänkatänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tänkaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vridamatmodernmistressmatmoder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vridaOld word for the woman who runs the household/farm.
skullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vridaviljato wantvilja · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of vridavridato turnvrida · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of tänkahalsenneckhalse · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of vridaavoffav · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies halsenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies hellerhellereitherheller · adverbmodifies trokundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trohanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trotrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with tänkanågotanynågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sådantsådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of troomofom · prepositionpreposition marking sonhennesherhon · pronounpossessor of sonpossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
sonsonson · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sådantdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gossenlillalittleliten · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gossengossenboygoss · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sonOlder form of 'gosse'.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of brukadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
brukadeused tobruka · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on gossensittato sitsitta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of brukadeifori · prepositionpreposition marking timtaltimtalfor hourstimtal · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of sittaOccurs in the fixed phrase 'i timtal' = for hours.
bredvidnearbybredvid · adverbpreposition marking korghanshishan · pronounpossessor of korgkorgbasketkorg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sittaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjollrababblingjollra · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with korgochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmåpratachattersmåprata · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with jollraHe felt sure that the two of them felt the same love for him that he felt for them.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tyckteförståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kändedetheen · determiner, pluralsubject of kändeSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
bådabothbåda · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of kändekändefeltkäna · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of tycktesammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of kärlekkärleklovekärlek · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kändeförforför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kändesomthatsom · pronounintroduces the clause of demThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of demförforför · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralcomplement of kände- 25
One day, when Jarro and Caesar were lying in their usual spot in front of the hearth, Klorina sat up on the hearth-shelf and began to tease the wild duck.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasedåwhendå · adverbmodifies lågoJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of lågoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationCesarCaesarCes · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with JarroProper name of the dog Cesar (surface 'Cesar'); lemma is a parser artifact.
lågolaylågo · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralin apposition to dagmistagged as a noun; this is the archaic plural past tense of ligga 'to lie' (they lay).
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking platsendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of platsenvanligausualvanlig · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies platsenplatsenplaceplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lågoframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking spisenspisenhearthspis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies platsensattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to dagKlorinaKlorinaklorina · proper noun, nominativesubject of sattuppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies sattpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking spishallenspishallenthe hearth-shelfspishalle · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uppeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of retasinfinitive marker before a verb.
retasto teasereta · verb, passive, infinitivecomplement of börjademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking gräsandengräsandenthe mallardgräsande · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of retas - 26
»I wonder, Jarro, what you wild ducks are going to do next year, when Tåkern is drained and turned into farmland,» said Klorina.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undrarundrarwondersundra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativedirect object of undrarvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of taniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
gräsänderwild ducksgräsända · verb, present, indicative, activemodifies taMistagged as a verb; 'gräsänder' is the plural noun 'gräsand' (mallard/wild duck).
skawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on undrareryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of taObject form er of the plural/formal pronoun ni.
tilldotill · prepositionpreposition marking årnästanextnästa · adjective, nominativemodifies åråryearår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of tanärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blirTåkernTåkernTåkern · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blirProper name of a lake.
blirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on taurtappaddrainedurtappa · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blirochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförvandladturnedförvandlad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with urtappadtillintotill · prepositiondepends on bliråkerfieldåka · verb, present, indicative, activedirect object of undrarMislemmatized: surface is 'åker', the noun ('a field'), in both attested examples ('slog ner på en åker', 'stänger för en åker') — not a form of the verb åka ('to ride/drive'). Gloss corrected to the noun sense actually attested.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with undrarKlorinaKlorinaKlorina · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadethe cottage cat's name.
— »What is it you're saying, Klorina?» cried Jarro, and jumped up utterly terrified.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sägerärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to Vaddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with Vadduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägersägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on »KlorinaKlorinaKlorina · proper noun, nominativeclausal complement of sägerthe cottage cat's name.
ropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of ropadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsprangransprangma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ropadeLemma is corrupted; surfaces are only "sprang" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma.
uppupupp · adverbdepends on sprangheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies förfäradförfäradterrifiedförfärad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sprang— »I always forget, Jarro, that you, unlike Caesar and me, don't understand the language of people,» answered the cat.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of glömmerglömmerforgetsglömma · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencealltidalwaysalltid · adverbmodifies glömmerJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of glömmerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förstårintenotinte · particlemodifies förstårduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstårsåsomassåsom · conjunctionmodifies CesarCesarCaesarCesar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldepends on förstårochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Cesarförstårunderstand(s)förstå · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on glömmermänniskornaspeople'smänniska · noun, genitive, common gender, pluralpossessor of språkspråklanguagesspråk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of förstårsvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activemodifies kattankattanthe catkatta · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of förstår»Otherwise you would surely have heard that the men who were in the cottage yesterday were talking about how all the water was going to be drained out of Tåkern, and that the lake bottom would lie next year as dry as a cottage floor.
Annarsotherwiseannars · adverbmodifies hörtskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörtduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörtvälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies hörthahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of hörthörtheardhöra · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of taladedetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of karlarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
karlarnathe menkarlarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of taladesomwhosom · pronounsubject of varThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
iyesterdayi · prepositionmodifies vargårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activepart of the phrase ivarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularrelative clause on karlarnathe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
inneininne · adverbdepends on variini · prepositionpreposition marking stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vartaladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of hörtomaboutom · prepositionintroduces the clause of tappasattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tappasalltallall · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of vattnetvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of passive tappasskullewas going toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tappastappasto be drainedtappa · verb, passive, infinitiveadverbial clause on taladeutoutut · adverbdepends on tappasurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking TåkernTåkernTåkernTåkern · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of tappasochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of liggasjöbottnenlake bottomsjöbottn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ligganästanextnästa · adjective, nominativemodifies åråryearår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sjöbottnenskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of liggaliggato lieligga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with taladetorrdrytorr · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of liggasomassom · prepositionintroduces the clause of stug-golvFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of stug-golvstug-golvcottage floorstug-golv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of liggaAnd now I wonder where you wild ducks will go then.»
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies undrarundrarwondersundra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undrarvartwherevart · adverbmodifies gräsänderniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gräsändersecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
gräsänderwild ducksgräsända · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of undrarMistagged as a verb; 'gräsänder' is the plural noun 'gräsand' (mallard/wild duck).
dåthendå · adverbmodifies taskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on undrarvägenwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of taWhen Jarro heard this talk, he became so angry that he hissed like a grass snake.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hördeJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blevdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of hördetaltalktal · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hördeblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevsåsoså · adverbmodifies blevondangryond · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevthis is the adjective ond meaning 'angry' in this idiom (bli ond), not a numeral.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of västehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of västevästehissedväste · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on blevthis is the past tense of the verb väsa ('to hiss'), not an adjective.
somlikesom · prepositionpreposition marking snokFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of snoksnokgrass snakesnok · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of väste»You're as wicked as a coot,» he screamed at Klorina.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of elakärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to elaklikaequallylika · adverbmodifies elakelakwickedelak · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomassom · prepositionintroduces the clause of sothönaFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sothönasothönacootsothöna · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of elakskrekscreamedskrek · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to elakPast tense of 'skrika' (to scream/shriek).
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skrektillattill · prepositionpreposition marking KlorinaKlorinaKlorinaKlorina · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of skrekthe cottage cat's name.
»You only want to turn me against the people.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of retavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of retabarajustbara · adverbmodifies retaretaturn againstreta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceoppupoppa · verb, present, indicative, activecomplement of retaDialectal form of upp ("up"), a particle, not a finite verb; the parser mistagged it.
migmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of retamotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking människornamänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of retaI don't believe they would do any such thing.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies trorattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of göradetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of göravillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of göragöradogöra · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of trornågotanynågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sådantsådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of göraThey must surely know that Tåkern belongs to the wild ducks.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of måtteSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
måttemustmåtte · adverbmodifies vetaModal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means "must"; the perfect sense ("must have") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain "must."
välsurelyväl · adverbmodifies vetavetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of egendomTåkernTåkernTåkern · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of egendomProper name of a lake.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to egendomgräsändernasthe mallards'gräsänderna · noun, genitive, common gender, pluralpossessor of egendomegendomestateegendom · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of vetaWhy should they make so many birds homeless and miserable?
Varförwhyvarför · adverbmodifies göraskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of göradetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of göragöramakegöra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies mångamångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fåglarfåglarbirdsfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldepends on hemlösahemlösahomelesshemlös · adjective, nominative, pluraldirect object of göraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationolyckligamiserableolycklig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with hemlösaYou have surely made up all this to frighten me.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hittatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hittatsäkertsurelysäker · adverbmodifies hittathittatmade uphitta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencepåuppå · prepositiondepends on hittatalltallall · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hittatförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of skrämmaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of skrämmainfinitive marker before a verb.
skrämmato frightenskrämma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hittatmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of skrämmaI wish you might be torn to pieces by Gorgo the eagle.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of önskarönskarwishesönska · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bliduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blimåttemustmåtte · adverbmodifies bliModal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means "must"; the perfect sense ("must have") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain "must."
blibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of önskarsönderslitentorn to piecessönderslit · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bliavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking GorgoGorgoGorgoGorgo · proper noun, nominativemodifies sönderslitenProper name of an eagle character.
örneneagleörn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with GorgoI wish the mistress would cut off your whiskers.»
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of önskarönskarwishesönska · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of klippamatmorthe mistressmatmor · adverbsubject of klippamåttemustmåtte · adverbmodifies klippaModal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means "must"; the perfect sense ("must have") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain "must."
klippacutklippa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of önskarTwo of the four example sentences (ch13-p37-s2 'Den bestod av en enda väldig klippa' and ch14-p64-s1 'hög, brant klippa') use the unrelated homograph noun klippa ('cliff/rock'), not this verb 'to clip.' Do not gloss those occurrences as 'to clip' — the verb sense only fits ch03-p57-s2 and ch03-p57-s4.
avoffav · prepositiondepends on klippadigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of klippamorrhårenwhiskersmorrhår · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of klippa- 27
But Jarro could not silence Klorina with this outburst.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of tystakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tystaintenotinte · particlemodifies tystatystaquiettyst · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasenerdownner · adverbmodifies tystaKlorinaKlorinaKlorina · proper noun, nominativedirect object of tystathe cottage cat's name.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking utfalldettathisdenna · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of utfallutfalloutburstutfall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of tysta »So you think I'm lying,» she said.
JasåsoJaså · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseInterjection mistagged as a noun; expresses mild surprise or acknowledgment and its English rendering shifts with tone.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to JasåjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trorljugeris lyingljuga · verb, present, indicative, activemodifies trorsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Jasåhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade»Then ask Caesar!
Frågaaskedfråga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencedåthendå · adverbmodifies FrågaCesarCaesarCes · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of FrågaProper name of the dog Cesar (surface 'Cesar'); lemma is a parser artifact.
He was also in the cottage last night.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies varinneininne · adverbmodifies variini · prepositionpreposition marking stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of varilast nighti · prepositionmodifies vargårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activemodifies kvällkvälleveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of varCaesar never lies.»
CesarCaesarCesar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of ljugerljugeris lyingljuga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencealdrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies ljuger- 28
»Caesar,» said Jarro, »you understand the language of people far better than Klorina.
CesarCaesarCesar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to CesarJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstårförstårunderstand(s)förstå · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to Cesarmänniskornaspeople'smänniska · noun, genitive, common gender, pluralpossessor of språkspråklanguagesspråk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of förstårmycketfarmycket · adverbmodifies bättrebättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of förståränthanän · prepositionpreposition marking KlorinaKlorinaKlorinaKlorina · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of förstårthe cottage cat's name.
Tell her that she has not heard rightly!
SägtellSäg · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hörthonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörtintenotinte · particlemodifies hörtharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörthörtheardhöra · verb, active, supineclausal complement of Sägrättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hörtJust think what it would be like if people drained Tåkern and turned the lake bottom into farmland!
TänkthinkTänk · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencehurhowhur · adverbmodifies blidetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of bliskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of Tänkomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of torrlademänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of torrladetorrladedrainedtorrla · adjective, nominative, pluralparallel clause to bliTåkernTåkernTåkern · proper noun, nominativedirect object of torrladeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförvandladetransformedförvandla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with torrladesjöbottnenlake bottomsjöbottn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of förvandladetillintotill · prepositionintroduces the clause of åkeråkerfieldåka · verb, present, indicative, activeoblique complement of förvandladeMislemmatized: surface is 'åker', the noun ('a field'), in both attested examples ('slog ner på en åker', 'stänger för en åker') — not a form of the verb åka ('to ride/drive'). Gloss corrected to the noun sense actually attested.
Then there would no longer be pondweed or duckweed for the grown ducks, nor fish fry or tadpoles or mosquito larvae for the ducklings.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies nateskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of natedärtheredär · adverbmodifies nateintenotinte · particlemodifies finnaslängrelongerlänge · adverbmodifies finnasfinnasto existfinnas · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on natenatepondweednate · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationandmatduckweedandmat · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with nateförforför · prepositionpreposition marking ändernadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ändernaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vuxnagrown-upvuxen · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ändernaändernathe ducksänderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies andmatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies fiskyngelfiskyngelfish fryfiskyngel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with nateelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgrodungartadpolesgrodung · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with fiskyngelelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmygglarvermosquito larvaemygglarver · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with fiskyngelförforför · prepositionpreposition marking andungarnaandungarnathe ducklingsandung · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies fiskyngelThen the reed tussocks would also disappear, where the ducklings can now stay hidden until they can fly.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies försvinnaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of försvinnaocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies försvinnavassruggarnareed tussocksvassrugge · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of försvinnaförsvinnadisappearförsvinna · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedärtheredär · adverbmodifies hållaandungarnathe ducklingsandungarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hållanunownu · adverbmodifies hållakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållahållato stay hiddenhålla · verb, active, infinitivedepends on försvinnasigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of hålladoldahiddendölja · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of hållaändauntilända · adverbintroduces the clause of flygatillsuntiltills · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase ändadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of flygakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of flygaflygaflyflyga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hållaAll the ducks would be forced to move away from here and seek another home.
Allaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of änderänderducksänder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive tvingasskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tvingastvingasbe forcedtvinga · verb, passive, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of flyttainfinitive marker before a verb.
flyttamoveflytta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tvingashärifrånfrom herehärifrån · adverbmodifies flyttaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsökasearchsöka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with flyttasigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sökaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bostadannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bostadbostaddwellingbostad · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sökaBut where will they find a refuge like Tåkern?
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularmodifies finnathe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
skawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of finnadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of finnafinnafindfinna · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tillflyktsortsådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tillflyktsortsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
tillflyktsortrefugetillflyktsort · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of finnasomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of TåkernTåkernTåkernTåkern · proper noun, nominativeclause modifying tillflyktsortCaesar, tell her that Klorina has not heard rightly!»
CesarCaesarCesar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasesägtellsäg · interjectioncoordinated with Cesarattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hörtKlorinaKlorinaKlorina · proper noun, nominativesubject of hörtthe cottage cat's name.
intenotinte · particlemodifies hörtharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörthörtheardhöra · verb, active, supineclause modifying Cesarrättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hört- 29
It was remarkable to observe Caesar's behavior during this conversation.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with märkvärdigtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to märkvärdigtmärkvärdigtremarkablemärkvärdig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of geinfinitive marker before a verb.
geto givege · verb, active, infinitivedepends on märkvärdigtaktheedakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of geUsed in the fixed phrase ge/ta akt på, 'to pay heed to / be careful of'.
påtopå · prepositionpreposition marking uppförandeCesarsCaesar'sCesar · proper noun, nominativepossessor of uppförandeuppförandebehavioruppförande · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of geunderduringunder · prepositionpreposition marking samtaldettathisdenna · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of samtalsamtalconversationsamtal · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ge He had been wide awake the whole time before, but now, when Jarro turned to him, he yawned, laid his long nose down on his front paws, and was fast asleep within a moment.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tidenhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tidenvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to tidenklarvakenwide awakeklarvak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tidenhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseförutbeforeförut · adverbmodifies tidenmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbintroduces the clause of vändenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vändeJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of vändevändeturnedvän · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ladeReally the past tense 'vände' of the verb vända ('to turn'), mistagged here under lemma vän.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vändetilltowardtill · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vändegäspadeyawnedgäspa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vändehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gäspadeladelaidlägga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenerdownner · adverbdepends on ladesinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of noslångalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies nosnosnosenos · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of ladepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking framtassarnaframtassarnathe front pawsframtassarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of ladeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsovsleptsov · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ladedjuptdeeplydjup · adverbmodifies sovinomwithininom · prepositionpreposition marking ögonblickettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ögonblickögonblickmomentögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sov- 30
The cat looked down at Caesar with a malicious smile.
Kattanthe catKattan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
nerdownner · adverbdepends on sågpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking CesarCesarCaesarCees · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sågSurface 'Cesar' is the dog's name (Caesar), lemmatized oddly as 'Cees'.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking leendeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of leendeillparigtmaliciousillparig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies leendeleendesmileleende · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies Cesar »I think Caesar doesn't care to answer you,» she said to Jarro.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bryrCesarCaesarCes · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of bryrProper name of the dog Cesar (surface 'Cesar'); lemma is a parser artifact.
intenotinte · particlemodifies bryrbryrcaresbry · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of trorAlmost always used reflexively, bry sig om, 'to care about'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bryromtoom · prepositionintroduces the clause of svaraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of svarainfinitive marker before a verb.
svarato answersvara · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on bryrdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of svarasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to trorhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking JarroJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of sade»It is with him as with all dogs: they never want to admit that people can do anything wrong.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with honomärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to honommedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomassom · pronounintroduces the clause of hundarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hundarallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of hundarhundardogshund · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralclause modifying honomdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of erkännavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of erkännaaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies erkännaerkännato admiterkänna · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to hundarattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of göramänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of görakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of göragöradogöra · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of erkännanågotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of orättorättwrongorätt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of göraBut you can rely on my word all the same.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of litakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of litalitato trustlita · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking ordmittmyjag · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of ordThis entry is really the possessive "mitt" (neuter agreement), mistagged under the lemma jag.
ordwordord · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of litaiall the samei · prepositionpreposition marking fallallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fallfallcasesfall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of litaI'll tell you why they want to drain the lake just now.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sägavarförwhyvarför · adverbmodifies torrläggadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of torrläggavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of torrläggatorrläggato draintorrlägga · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of sägasjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of torrläggajustjustjust · adverbmodifies nununownu · adverbmodifies torrläggaAs long as you wild ducks still held sway over Tåkern, they didn't want to drain it, because they still got some use out of you.
Såasså · adverbmodifies längelängeas long aslänge · adverbhead of the phrasesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gräsänderniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gräsändersecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
gräsänderwild ducksgräsända · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hadeMistagged as a verb; 'gräsänder' is the plural noun 'gräsand' (mallard/wild duck).
ännustillännu · adverbmodifies gräsänderhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tappaväldetdominionvälde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of hadepåoverpå · prepositionpreposition marking TåkernTåkernTåkernTåkern · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of hadevillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tappadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of tappaintenotinte · particlemodifies tappatappadraintappa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceurout ofur · adverbdepends on tappaFunctions as a preposition ('out of / from'), mistagged as an adverb.
denitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of tappaförbecauseför · prepositiondepends on hadeavout ofav · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tappadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadeändåstilländå · adverbmodifies hadenågonsomenågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of nyttanyttausenytta · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeBut now, grebes and coots and other birds that aren't useful for food have taken over almost all the reed tussocks, and the people don't think they need keep the lake up for their sake.»
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejuafter allju · adverbmodifies hardoppingargrebesdopping · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of harochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsothönscootssothöns · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with doppingarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fåglarfåglarbirdsfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with doppingarsomthatsom · pronounsubject of matnyttigaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies matnyttigaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to matnyttigamatnyttigauseful as foodmatnyttig · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on fåglarinkräktattaken overinkräktat · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with matnyttiganäraalmostnära · adverbmodifies allaType lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära.
nognearlynog · adverbpart of the phrase näraallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vassruggarnavassruggarnareed tussocksvassrugge · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldepends on inkräktatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of tyckertyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with harintenotinte · particlemodifies tyckerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hålladetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hållabehöfverneedbehöfver · adverbauxiliary of hållahållato maintainhålla · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of tyckersjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hållavidupvid · prepositionpreposition marking maktmaktpowermakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hållaförforför · prepositionpreposition marking skullderastheirde · pronounpossessor of skullpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
skullsakeskull · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hållaonly occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'.
- 31
Jarro did not trouble to answer Klorina, but he lifted his head and cried into Caesar's ear: »Caesar!
JarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of bryddebryddecaredbrydde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceOccurs mainly in the reflexive idiom 'brydde sig om' meaning 'cared about/bothered'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bryddeintenotinte · particlemodifies bryddeomtoom · prepositionintroduces the clause of svaraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of svarainfinitive marker before a verb.
svarato answersvara · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on bryddeKlorinaKlorinaKlorina · proper noun, nominativedirect object of svarathe cottage cat's name.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lyftelyfteliftedlyfa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with bryddeuppupupp · adverbdepends on lyftehuvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of lyfteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with bryddeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking öraCesarsCaesar'sCesars · proper noun, nominativepossessor of öraGenitive of the dog's name Caesar.
öraearöra · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ropadeCesarCaesarCees · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraseSurface 'Cesar' is the dog's name (Caesar), lemmatized oddly as 'Cees'.
You know that at Tåkern there are still so many ducks that they fill the air like clouds.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of finnspåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking TåkernTåkernTåkernTåkern · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of finnsännustillännu · adverbmodifies finnsfinnsthere arefinnas · verb, present, indicativeclausal complement of vetsåsoså · adverbmodifies finnsmångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies änderänderducksänder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of finnsattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fyllerdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fyllerfyllerfillfylla · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on finnsluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fyllersomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skyarskyarcloudsskyar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of fyllerTell me it isn't true that people mean to make all of them homeless!»
SägtellSäg · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of santdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of santintenotinte · particlemodifies santärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to santsanttruesant · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of Sägattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ämnarmänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of ämnarämnarintend toämna · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with santgöramakegöra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of ämnarallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of hemlösadessathesedenna · determiner, pluraldeterminer of hemlösahemlösahomelesshemlös · adjective, nominative, pluraldirect object of göra- 32
At this Caesar started up and made such a violent lunge at Klorina that she had to save herself up on a shelf.
Härvidat thishärvid · adverbmodifies gjordemeans 'in connection with this' or 'at this point'.
forstartedfor · prepositionpreposition marking CesarPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
CesarCaesarCes · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies HärvidProper name of the dog Cesar (surface 'Cesar'); lemma is a parser artifact.
uppupupp · adverbmodifies Cesarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of utfallsåsuchså · adverbmodifies häftigthäftigtviolenthäftig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies utfallutfalllungeutfall · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gjordemotatmot · prepositionpreposition marking KlorinaKlorinaKlorinaKlorina · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of gjordethe cottage cat's name.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of räddahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räddamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of räddaräddato saverädda · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gjordesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of räddauppupupp · adverbmodifies räddapåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking hyllaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hyllahyllashelfhylla · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rädda »I'll teach you to hold your tongue when I want to sleep,» roared Caesar.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of läraskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of läralärateachlära · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of läraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hållainfinitive marker before a verb.
hållato hold your tonguehålla · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of läradigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hållatystquiettyst · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of hållanärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sovajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sovavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sovasovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hållarötroaredröt · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldepends on läraPast tense of the verb 'ryta' (to roar/bellow), mistagged here as a noun.
CesarCaesarCesar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrase»Of course I know there's talk of draining the water out of the lake this year.
Nogof coursenog · adverbmodifies vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of frågadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of frågaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to frågafrågaquestionfråga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of vetomaboutom · prepositionintroduces the clause of tappaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tappainfinitive marker before a verb.
tappadrainingtappa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on frågavattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of tappaurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tappanunownu · adverbmodifies tappaithis yeari · prepositionmodifies tappaåryearår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase iBut this has been talked of many times before, without anything ever coming of it.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of talatsdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of talatsharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of talatsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with talatstalatsbeen discussedtala · verb, passive, supinemain verb of the sentencemångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of talatsförutbeforeförut · adverbmodifies gångerutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivitdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blivitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinecoordinated with talatsnågotanythingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singularcomplement of blivitavofav · prepositionpart of the phrase någotAnd that draining is a thing I don't like at all.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singularpart of the phrase Ochdärtheredär · adverbmodifies sakurtappningendrainingurtappning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sakärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to sakenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of saksakthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on densomthatsom · pronoundirect object of gillarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gillarintenotinte · particlemodifies gillargillarlikegilla · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on sakFor what would become of the hunting if Tåkern were drained?
Förforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of gåhurhowhur · adverbmodifies gåskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gådetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking jaktenjaktenhuntingjakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bleveTåkernTåkernTåkern · proper noun, nominativesubject of bleveblevewould becomebleve · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on gåArchaic subjunctive form of 'bli' (to become/be), mislabeled as a noun.
torrlagddrainedtorrlagd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bleveYou're a fool to be glad of any such thing.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of nötärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to nötettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of nötnötfoolnöt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesomwhosom · pronounsubject of gläderThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
gläderare gladgläda · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralrelative clause on nötdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of gläderåtofåt · prepositionpreposition marking sådantnågotanynågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sådantsådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gläderWhat will you and I have to amuse ourselves with, once there are no more birds on Tåkern?»
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of haskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of haduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of roainfinitive marker before a verb.
roato amuseroa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of haossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of roamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking roanärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of finnsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsintenotinte · particlemodifies finnsmermoremycket · adverbmodifies finnsfinnsthere arefinnas · verb, present, indicativeadverbial clause on hanågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fåglarfåglarbirdsfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of finnspåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking TåkernTåkernTåkernTåkern · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of finns- 33
A couple of days later Jarro was so well that he could fly all through the cottage.
Ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies dardardaysd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of frisksenarelatersen · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to friskJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of varsåsoså · adverbmodifies friskfriskwellfrisk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of flygahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flygakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flygaflygaflyflyga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on friskgenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking stuganhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flyga He was greatly petted by the mistress then, and the little boy ran out into the yard and picked for him the first blades of grass that had come up.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedåthendå · adverbmodifies blevmycketgreatlymycket · adverbmodifies smektsmektpettedsmekt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking matmodernmatmodernthe mistressmatmodern · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blevthe woman/housewife who feeds the animals of a farm.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gossenlillalittleliten · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gossengossenboygoss · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sprangOlder form of 'gosse'.
sprangransprangma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blevLemma is corrupted; surfaces are only "sprang" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma.
utoutut · adverbdepends on sprangpåintopå · prepositionpreposition marking gårdengårdenyardgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sprangochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationplockadepickedplocka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sprangåtforåt · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of plockadedetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of grässtrånaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
förstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies grässtrånasurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
grässtrånagrass stalksgrässtråna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of plockadesomthatsom · pronounsubject of kommitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinerelative clause on grässtrånauppupupp · adverbdepends on kommitWhen the mistress petted him, Jarro thought that, although he was now strong enough to fly down to Tåkern whenever he liked, he would not want to be parted from the people.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of smektematmodernmistressmatmoder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of smekteOld word for the woman who runs the household/farm.
smektestrokedsmeka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tänktehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of smektetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativedirect object of tänkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of starkfastänalthoughfastän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of starkhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of starknunownu · adverbmodifies starkvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to starksåenoughså · adverbmodifies starkstarkstrongstark · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on tänkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of flygahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flygakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flygaflygaflyflyga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on starknerdownner · adverbdepends on flygatillenoughtill · prepositionpreposition marking TåkernTåkernTåkernTåkern · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nerProper name of a lake.
närwhennär · adverbmodifies flygaFunctions as a subordinating conjunction, not an adverb.
someversom · conjunctionpart of the phrase närhelstevergärna · adverbpart of the phrase närType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
skullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skiljashanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive skiljasintenotinte · particlemodifies skiljasviljato wantvilja · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of skiljasskiljasbe partedskilja · verb, passive, infinitivecoordinated with tänktefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking människornamänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of skiljasHe had nothing against staying with them his whole life.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeemotagainstemot · adverbintroduces the clause of stannaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of stannainfinitive marker before a verb.
stannastaystanna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hadehoswithhos · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of stannahelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies livsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of livpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
livlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stanna- 34
But early one morning the mistress put over Jarro a halter, or snare, that kept him from using his wings, and then handed him over to the farmhand who had found him out in the yard.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtidigtearlytidig · adverbmodifies morgonBackbone mistags this as an adverb; the surface (tidigt) is the neuter/adverbial form of the adjective tidig.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of morgonmorgonmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ladeladeputla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentence"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
matmodernmistressmatmoder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ladeOld word for the woman who runs the household/farm.
överoveröver · prepositionpreposition marking JarroJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of ladeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of grimmagrimmahaltergrimma · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ladeelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsnarasnaresnara · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with grimmasomthatsom · pronounsubject of hindradeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hindradehinderedhindra · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on snarahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hindradefrånfromfrån · prepositionintroduces the clause of brukaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of brukainfinitive marker before a verb.
brukausebruka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hindradeFirst example ('hon knappast kunde bruka den' = 'she could scarcely use it', of an injured wing) is the sense 'to use', which was missing from the senses list.
vingarnathe wingsvingarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of brukalemma should be vinge 'wing'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlämnadeleftlämna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with brukahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lämnadedärpåthen/after thatdärpå · adverbmodifies lämnadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking drängendrängenfarmhanddräng · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lämnadesomwhosom · pronounsubject of hittatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hittathittatfoundhitta · verb, active, supinerelative clause on grimmahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hittatuteoutsideute · adverbmodifies hittatpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking gårdengårdenyardgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hittat The farmhand tucked him under his arm and went down to Tåkern with him.
Drängenthe farmhandDrängen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of stackstacktuckedstack · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies honomThis is actually the past tense of the verb stinga 'to stick/poke', mistagged as a noun.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking armenarmenarmarm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenerdownner · adverbdepends on gicktilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking TåkernTåkernTåkernTåkern · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickProper name of a lake.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gick- 35
The ice had melted away while Jarro had been ill.
Isenthe iceisen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of smälthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of smältsmältmeltedsmält · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencebortawaybort · adverbdepends on smältmedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sjukJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of sjukhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sjukvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to sjuksjuksicksjuk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on smält The old, dry reed from last year still stood along the shores and islets, but all the water plants had begun to send up shoots down in the depths, and their green tips had already reached up to the water's edge.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fjolårsvassengamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies fjolårsvassentorradrytorr · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies fjolårsvassenfjolårsvassenlast year's reedfjolårsvasse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceännustillännu · adverbmodifies stodkvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on stodutmedalongutmed · prepositionpreposition marking strändersträndershoresstränd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationholmarisletsholm · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with strändermenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vattenväxtervattenväxterwater plantsvattenväxt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of börjathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of börjatbörjatbegunbörja · verb, active, supinecoordinated with stodatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of skjutainfinitive marker before a verb.
skjutasend upskjuta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjatskottshotskott · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of skjutaneredownnere · adverbmodifies skjutaiini · prepositionpreposition marking djupetdjupetdepthdjup · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of nereochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of topparnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
grönagreengrön · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies topparnatopparnathe tipstoppa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hunnithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hunnithunnitreachedhinna · verb, active, supinecoordinated with börjatuppupupp · adverbdepends on hunnittilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking vattenbrynetvattenbrynetthe water's edgevattenbryn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hunnitAnd by now almost all the migratory birds had come home.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies vorovorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
nästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies allaallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of flyttfåglarnaflyttfåglarnathe migratory birdsflyttfåglarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hemkomnahemkomnacome homehemkomna · adverbmodifies voroThe curlews' curved bills peeped out from the reeds.
Spovarnasthe curlews'Spovarnas · noun, genitive, common gender, pluralpossessor of näbbarkröktabentkrökt · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies näbbarnäbbarbeaksnäbbar · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of tittadetittadelookedtitta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceframforwardfram · adverbmodifies tittadeurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking vassenvassenreedvass · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of framThe grebes glided about with new feather-ruffs around their necks, and the snipes were busy gathering straws for their nests.
Doppingarnathe grebesDoppingarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies gledogledoglidedgledo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralhead of the phrasepast plural of glida ('to glide'); mistagged as noun.
omkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies fjäderkragemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking fjäderkragenynewny · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fjäderkragefjäderkragefeather-rufffjäderkrage · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gledoomaroundom · prepositionpreposition marking halsenhalsenneckhalse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fjäderkrageochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbeckasinernathe snipesbeckasin · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of höllohöllowere busyhöllo · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gledopåbusypå · prepositionintroduces the clause of plockaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of plockainfinitive marker before a verb.
plockato pickplocka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hölloihoptogetherihop · adverbdepends on plockastrånstrawsstrån · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of plockatillfortill · prepositionpreposition marking redensinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of redenredennestsred · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of plocka- 36
The farmhand got down into a rowboat, laid Jarro on the bottom of the boat, and began poling his way out onto the lake.
Drängenthe farmhandDrängen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenerdownner · adverbmodifies gickiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking ekaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ekaekarowboateka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickladelaidla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gick"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
JarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativedirect object of ladepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking båtbottnenbåtbottnenthe boat bottombåtbottn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ladeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of stakainfinitive marker before a verb.
stakapole (a boat)staka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of stakautoutut · adverbmodifies stakapåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ut Jarro, who by now had grown used to expecting nothing but good from people, told Caesar, who was also along, that he was very grateful to the farmhand for taking him out onto the lake.
JarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadesomwhosom · pronounsubject of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
nunownu · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Jarrovantgrown usedvan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of hadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of väntainfinitive marker before a verb.
barajustbara · adverbmodifies väntaväntato waitvänta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hadegottgoodgott · adverbmodifies väntaavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking människornamänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of väntasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetilltoldtill · prepositionpreposition marking CesarCesarCaesarCees · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sadeSurface 'Cesar' is the dog's name (Caesar), lemmatized oddly as 'Cees'.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of varThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Cesarmedwithmed · prepositiondepends on varattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tacksamhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tacksamvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tacksammycketverymycket · adverbmodifies tacksamtacksamgratefultacksam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying Cesarmottomot · prepositionpreposition marking drängendrängenfarmhanddräng · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tacksamdärförfordärför · adverbintroduces the clause of fördeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därförhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fördefördetakingföra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sadeSecond example 'en smal stig, som förde inåt skogen' = 'a narrow path that led into the forest' — a path leading, not carrying — a distinct sense from the first example ('förde ju lycka med sig' = 'brought good luck').
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of fördeutoutut · adverbmodifies fördepåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utBut the farmhand didn't need to keep him so tightly bound, for he had no intention of flying away.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdrängenfarmhanddräng · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hållabehövdeneeded tobehöva · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållaintenotinte · particlemodifies hållahållato keep boundhålla · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hållasåsoså · adverbmodifies hårthårthardhård · adverbmodifies fängsladfängsladboundfängslad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of hållaförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of ämnadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ämnadeämnadeintendedämna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hållaintenotinte · particlemodifies flygaflygaflyflyga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of ämnadebortawaybort · adverbmodifies flygaTo this Caesar answered nothing.
Härpåat thisHärpå · proper noun, nominativesubject of svaradeAdverb 'härpå' (thereupon/to this), mistagged as a proper noun.
svaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceCesarCaesarCes · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of svaradeProper name of the dog Cesar (surface 'Cesar'); lemma is a parser artifact.
ingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on CesarHe was very sparing of words that morning.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåordigvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to fåordigmycketverymycket · adverbmodifies fåordigfåordigof few wordsfåordig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasedennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of morgonmorgonmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fåordig- 37
The only thing that struck Jarro as a little strange was that the farmhand had brought his gun along.
Detaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of endaendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativehead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounsubject of föreföllThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
föreföllseemedföreföll · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on endaActually a past-tense form of förefalla ('seemed'), despite the present-indicative tag.
JarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativedirect object of föreföllenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of underligtsmulabitsmula · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies underligtunderligtstrangeunderlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of föreföllvarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularmodifies föreföllthe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tagitdrängenfarmhanddräng · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tagithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tagittagittakenta · verb, active, supineclausal complement of föreföllmedwithmed · prepositiondepends on tagitsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of tagitsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of bössabössagunbössa · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tagit He could not believe that anyone among the good people of the farmstead would want to shoot birds.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trokundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trointenotinte · particlemodifies trotrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skjutanågonanyonenågon · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of skjutaavamongav · prepositionpreposition marking folketdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of folketgodagoodgod · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies folketfolketpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies någoniofi · prepositionpreposition marking bondgårdenbondgårdenfarmbondgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies någonskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skjutaviljato wantvilja · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of skjutaskjutashootskjuta · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of trofåglarbirdsfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of skjutaCaesar had, besides, told him that people did not hunt at this time of year.
CesarCaesarCesar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sagthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagtdessutombesidesdessutom · adverbmodifies sagtsagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sagtattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of jagademänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of jagadeintenotinte · particlemodifies jagadejagadechasedjaga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sagtsåthisså · adverbmodifies jagadehärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase såårsof the yearårs · noun, genitive, neuter, pluraldirect object of jagade»It's closed season,» he had said, »though of course that doesn't apply to me.»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of tidärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to tidförbjudenclosedförbjuden · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sagtsagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on tidfastthoughfast · adverbcoordinated with tiddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gällernaturligtvisnaturallynaturligtvis · adverbmodifies gällerintenotinte · particlemodifies gällergällerappliesgälla · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on tidförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gäller- 38
The farmhand, however, made his way out to one of the little reed-ringed mud islets.
Drängenthe farmhandDrängen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseforwentfor · adverbmodifies DrängenMistagged as adverb; this is the past tense of the verb 'fara', meaning 'went/traveled'.
emellertidhoweveremellertid · adverbmodifies Drängenutoutut · adverbmodifies Drängentilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking eneniten · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of utavofav · prepositionpreposition marking dyholmarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of dyholmarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
småsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dyholmarnavassomkransadereed-ringedvassomkransad · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dyholmarnadyholmarnathe mud isletsdyholmarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies en There he stepped out of the boat, gathered old reeds into a big pile, and lay down behind it.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies stegstegsteppedstega · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stegurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking båtenbåtenboatbåt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stegdroggathereddrogma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceihoptogetherihop · adverbdepends on droggammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vassvassreedvass · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of drogtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking högenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies höghögtallhög · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of drogochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationladelay downla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with drog"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ladenerdownner · adverbmodifies ladebakombehindbakom · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of ladeJarro, with the halter over his wings and tethered to the boat by a long cord, was left to wander about on the shoal.
JarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of fickfickwas left tofå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking grimmangrimmanhaltergrimma · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ficköveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking vingarnavingarnathe wingsvingarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of ficklemma should be vinge 'wing'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtjudradtetheredtjudrad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with fickvidtovid · prepositionpreposition marking båtenbåtenboatbåt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fickmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking snöreettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of snörelångtlonglångt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies snöreBoth examples ('for fram ett långt stycke' = 'sped along a long stretch', 'tog ett långt hopp' = 'took a long leap') mean 'long' (length), not 'far' (distance).
snörecordsnöre · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fickvandrawandervandra · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with fickomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies uteuteoutsideute · adverbmodifies vandrapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking grundetgrundetshoalgrunde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ute- 39
Suddenly Jarro caught sight of some of the young drakes in whose company he had once flown back and forth over the lake.
PlötsligensuddenlyPlötsligen · adverbmodifies fickfickcaught sightfå · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sträcktJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of ficksynsightsyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking någranågrasomenågon · pronoun, pluraloblique complement of fickavofav · prepositionpreposition marking andrakarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andrakarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
ungayoungung · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies andrakarnaandrakarnathe drakesandrakarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies någraiini · prepositionpreposition marking sällskapvilkaswhosevilka · pronounpossessor of sällskapsällskapcompanysällskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of förrhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förrförrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies fickioncei · prepositionpreposition marking världenvärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förrhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sträcktsträcktflownsträcka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencech19-p39-s1 'hade sträckt fram och åter över sjön' = 'had flown back and forth over the lake' (bird-flight idiom), distinct from the physical-stretching sense in the other examples.
framforwardfram · adverbdepends on sträcktochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationåteragainåter · adverbmodifies sjönöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with fram They were far off, but Jarro called them to him with a couple of loud cries.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of voroSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
långtfarlångt · adverbmodifies bortabortafar offborta · adverbmodifies voromenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of kalladekalladecalledkalla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with bortademthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of kalladetillto himselftill · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of kallademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ropettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies högahögatallhög · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ropropcriesrop · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of kalladeThey answered him, and a large, beautiful flock drew near.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of besvaradebesvaradeansweredbesvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of besvaradeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with besvaradevackerbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies flockflockflockflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of närmadenärmadeapproachednärma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on storsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of närmadeEven before they had arrived, Jarro began telling them of his wonderful rescue and of the kindness of the people.
Redanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies börjadeinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of börjadedetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of börjadesurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying dearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
framkomnaarrivedframkomn · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with vorobörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceJarroJarroJarro · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of börjadeProper name (the wild duck), mistagged as a noun.
berättato tellberätta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of berättaomofom · prepositionpreposition marking räddningsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of räddningunderbarawonderfulunderbar · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies räddningräddningrescueräddning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of berättaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomofom · prepositionpreposition marking godhetmänniskornaspeople'smänniska · noun, genitive, common gender, pluralpossessor of godhetgodhetkindnessgodhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with räddningAt that very moment two shots rang out behind him.
Iati · prepositionpreposition marking detsammadetsammathat very momentdetsamma · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of smälldesmälldeclappedsmälla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetvåtwotvå · numeral, nominativequantifies skottskottshotsskott · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of smälldebakombehindbakom · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of smälldeThree ducks sank down dead into the reeds, and Caesar splashed out and fetched them.
Trethreetre · numeral, nominativequantifies änderänderducksänder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sjönkosjönkosanksjönko · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedödadeaddöd · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sjönkonerdownner · adverbmodifies sjönkoiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking vassenvassenreedvass · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationCesarCaesarCees · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of plumsadeSurface 'Cesar' is the dog's name (Caesar), lemmatized oddly as 'Cees'.
plumsadesplashedplumsa · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with sjönkoutoutut · adverbdepends on plumsadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfångadefetchedfånga · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with plumsadeuppupupp · adverbdepends on fångadedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of fångade- 40
Then Jarro understood.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies förstodförstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of förstod The people had saved him so as to be able to use him as a decoy.
Människornathe peopleMänniskorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of räddathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of räddaträddatsavedrädda · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of räddatförso as toför · prepositionintroduces the clause of användaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of användainfinitive marker before a verb.
kunnato be able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of användaanvändauseanvända · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on räddathonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of användasomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lockfågellockfågeldecoylockfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with honomAnd they had succeeded in it, too.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lyckatshadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lyckatsocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies lyckatslyckatssucceededlycka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceImpersonal 'lyckats' from 'lyckas' (to succeed); lemma should be 'lyckas'.
demthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of lyckatsThree ducks had died on his account.
Trethreetre · numeral, nominativequantifies änderänderducksänd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of dötthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of döttdöttdieddöt · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceSupine of 'dö' (to die); lemma is a spelling artifact for 'dött'.
föron account offör · prepositionpreposition marking skullhanshishan · pronounpossessor of skullskullsakeskull · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of döttonly occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'.
He felt he wanted to die of shame.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of döhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dövillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of dödöto diedö · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of tyckteavofav · prepositionpreposition marking blygselblygselshameblygsel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of döHe felt that even his friend Caesar looked at him with contempt, and when they came home to the cottage, he did not dare lie down to sleep beside the dog.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceatttoatt · particlemodifies tyckteinfinitive marker before a verb.
tilleventill · prepositionpart of the phrase attochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase tillmedwithmed · prepositionpart of the phrase tillhanshishan · pronounpossessor of vänvänfriendvän · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on tyckteCesarCaesarCesar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceföraktfulltwith contemptföraktfull · adverbmodifies sågpåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommokommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sågkommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
hemhomehem · adverbmodifies kommotilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommovågadedaredvåga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with såghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vågadeintenotinte · particlemodifies läggaläggato lay/putlägga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of vågadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of läggaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sovainfinitive marker before a verb.
sovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of läggabredvidnearbybredvid · adverbdepends on sovahundendoghund · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sova- 41
The next morning Jarro was again taken out onto the shoal.
Nästanextnästa · adjective, nominativemodifies morgonmorgonmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fördesfördeswas carriedför · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentenceLemma is truncated; the full verb is 'föra' (to carry/lead), passive past 'fördes'.
JarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of passive fördesåterigenagainåterig · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fördesThis is the adverb återigen 'again', mistagged as a noun.
utoutut · adverbmodifies fördespåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking grundetgrundetshoalgrunde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ut This time, too, he soon caught sight of some ducks.
Ocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies gångdennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångtimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickfickcaught sightfå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ficksnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies ficksynsightsyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking ändernågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of änderänderducksänd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of fickBut when he noticed that they were flying toward him, he called out to them: »Away, away!
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of märktehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märktemärktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ropadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of flögodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of flögoflögoflewflögo · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of märktePast plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense.
emottowardemot · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flögoropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropadetillto themtill · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of ropadeBortawayBort · adverbhead of the phrasebortawaybort · adverbmodifies BortLook out!
Aktawatch out!Akta · adverbhead of the phraseimperative of akta sig ('to be careful/watch out'), not a true adverb.
eryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of AktaGo some other way!
Farfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseåtinåt · prepositionpreposition marking hållannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hållhålldirectionhåll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies FarThere's a hunter hidden behind the reed pile.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with liggerliggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of jägarejägarehunterjägare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of liggergömdhiddengömd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying jägarebakombehindbakom · prepositionpreposition marking vasshögenvasshögenthe reed pilevasshög · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies jägareI'm only a decoy.»
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lockfågelärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to lockfågelbarajustbara · adverbmodifies lockfågelenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lockfågellockfågeldecoylockfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseAnd he really did manage to keep them from coming within gunshot.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lyckadeslyckadessucceededlycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceImpersonal 'det lyckades honom' = 'he succeeded'; lemma should be 'lyckas'.
verkligenreallyverkligen · adverbmodifies lyckadeshindrato preventhindra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of lyckadesdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of hindrafrånfromfrån · prepositionintroduces the clause of kommaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hindrainomwithininom · prepositionpreposition marking skotthållskotthållgunshot rangeskotthåll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of komma- 42
Jarro scarcely had time to taste a blade of grass, so occupied was he with keeping watch.
JarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceknapptscarcelyknappt · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of smakainfinitive marker before a verb.
smakatastesmaka · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying tidch31-p27-s3 'det fick smaka i hungersnödens dagar' = 'it had to do in those days of famine' — idiomatic 'make do/suffice', not literally 'taste'.
påofpå · prepositionpreposition marking grässtråettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of grässtrågrässtråblade of grassgrässtrå · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of smakasåsoså · adverbmodifies upptagenupptagenabsorbedupptagen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on hadevarwasvara · determiner, common gender, singularcopula linking to upptagenmistagged as a determiner; the surface 'var' here is the past tense of vara 'to be'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of upptagenavwithav · prepositionintroduces the clause of hållaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hållainfinitive marker before a verb.
hållato keep watchhålla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on upptagenvaktwatchvakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on hålla He called out his warning as soon as a bird drew near.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropaderopadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceutoutut · adverbdepends on ropadesinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of varningvarningwarningvarning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ropadesåasså · adverbmodifies närmadesnartsoonsnart · adverbpart of the phrase såenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fågelfågelbirdfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of närmadenärmadeapproachednärma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ropadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of närmadeHe even warned the grebes, although he disliked them because they crowded the ducks out of their best hiding places.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varnadevarnadewarnedvarna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetilleventill · prepositionpreposition marking doppingarnaochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase tillmedwithmed · prepositionpart of the phrase tilldoppingarnagrebesdopping · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of varnadefastänalthoughfastän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of avskyddehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of avskyddeavskyddedetestedavskyda · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on varnadedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of avskyddedärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of trängaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därfördetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of trängaträngato force one's waytränga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on avskyddeutoutut · adverbdepends on trängaändernathe ducksänderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of trängafrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking gömslenderastheirde · pronounpossessor of gömslenpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
bästabestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies gömslengömslenhiding placesgömsle · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of trängaBut he did not want any bird to come to harm on his account.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villevillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies villeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of råkanågonanynågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fågelfågelbirdfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkaråkacome to harmråka · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of villeito harmi · prepositionpreposition marking olyckaolyckamisfortuneolycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of råkaföron account offör · prepositionpreposition marking skullhanshishan · pronounpossessor of skullskullsakeskull · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of råkaonly occurs in the fixed phrase för ... skull 'for the sake of'.
And thanks to Jarro's vigilance, the farmhand had to go home without having fired a single shot.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtackthankstack · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpreposition marking vaksamhetvarethanks tovare · verb, present, subjunctive, activemodifies JarrosJarrosJarro'sJarros · proper noun, genitivecoordinated with tackvaksamhetvigilancevaksamhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of faramåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of faradrängenfarmhanddräng · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpossessor of farafaragofara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
hemhomehem · adverbmodifies farautanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of fåttatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåttinfinitive marker before a verb.
hahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of fåttfåttbeen able tofå · verb, active, supineclause modifying faralossafirelossa · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåttavoffav · prepositionpreposition marking skottettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of skottendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativemodifies skottskottshotskott · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fått- 43
Despite this, Caesar looked less displeased than the day before, and when evening came, he took Jarro in his jaws, carried him over to the hearth, and let him sleep between his front paws.
Dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sågoaktatdespiteoakta · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sågArchaic form 'oaktat' functions as a preposition/conjunction meaning 'notwithstanding/despite'.
sågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceCesarCaesarCees · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sågSurface 'Cesar' is the dog's name (Caesar), lemmatized oddly as 'Cees'.
mindrelesslite · adverbmodifies missnöjdSurface 'mindre' is the shared comparative of both 'lite' (less) and 'liten' (small); in ch. examples it renders as predicate-adjective 'smaller' (mycket mindre än han, mindre höga) as often as adverbial 'less' (nöjde sig inte med mindre).
missnöjddispleasedmissnöjd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of sågutlookut · adverbdepends on sågänthanän · prepositionpreposition marking dagenförrapreviousförra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komkvälleneveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sågtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to såghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of togJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativedirect object of togiini · prepositionpreposition marking gapsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of gappossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
gapjawsgap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of togbarcarriedba · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sågTagged present tense, but every occurrence is the old preterite of bära ("carried"), not the present.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of barbortawaybort · adverbmodifies bartilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking spisenspisenhearthspis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of barochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlätletlät · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with såghonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lätsovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of lätmellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking framtassarnaframtassarnathe front pawsframtassarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sova - 44
But Jarro no longer felt at home in the cottage; he was deeply unhappy.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of trivdestrivdesfelt at hometriv · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentencelemma abbreviated from trivas; 'trivdes' = felt at home/thrived.
intenotinte · particlemodifies trivdesmerlongermycket · adverbmodifies trivdesiini · prepositionpreposition marking stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of trivdesutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to olyckligdjuptdeeplydjup · adverbmodifies olyckligolyckligunhappyolycklig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with trivdes His heart suffered under the thought that the people had never loved him.
HanshisHan · proper noun, genitivepossessor of hjärtaMistagged; surface Hans here is the possessive pronoun "his," not the name Han.
hjärtahearthjärta · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of ledledsufferedled · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseSecond example 'när det led mot kvällen' = 'as evening drew near' is the verb lida ('led' = past tense), not the noun led — mistagged here.
avunderav · prepositionpreposition marking tankendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tankentankenthoughttanke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ledattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of älskatmänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of älskataldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies älskathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of älskatälskatlovedälska · verb, active, supineclause modifying tankenhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of älskatWhen the mistress or the little boy came over to pet him, he tucked his bill under his wing and pretended to be asleep.
Närwhennär · adverbmodifies komFunctions as a subordinating conjunction, not an adverb.
matmormistressmatmor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralpart of the phrase NärOld word for the woman who runs the household/farm; tagged plural but used as singular here.
elleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gossenlillalittleliten · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gossengossenboygoss · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komOlder form of 'gosse'.
komcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceframforwardfram · adverbdepends on komförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of smekaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of smekainfinitive marker before a verb.
smekastrokesmeka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on komhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of smekastacktuckedstack · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with smekaThis is actually the past tense of the verb stinga 'to stick/poke', mistagged as a noun.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on stackininin · adverbdepends on stacknäbbenbeaknäbbe · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of stackunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking vingenvingenwingving · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stackochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlåtsadepretendedlåtsa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with smekaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sovhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sovsovsleptsova · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on låtsade- 45
For several days Jarro had continued his miserable watch-duty, and he was already known all over Tåkern.
FleraseveralFlera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dardardaysda · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hadecolloquial short plural of dag (dagar).
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of hadefortsattcontinuedfortsätta · verb, active, supinecomplement of hadesinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of vakttjänstbedrövligamiserablebedrövlig · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies vakttjänstvakttjänstwatch-dutyvakttjänst · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to kändredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies kändkändknownkänd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hadeöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking Tåkernhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies TåkernTåkernTåkernTåkern · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kändProper name of a lake.
Then it happened one morning, while he was calling out as usual: »Take care, birds!
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies händehändehappenedhä · adjective, nominativehead of the phrasePast tense of 'hända' (to happen); mistagged and truncated as an adjective lemma 'hä'.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with händeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of morgonmorgonmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of händemedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ropadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropadesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vanligtvanligtusualvanlig · adverbadverbial clause on ropadeAppears in the fixed phrase 'som vanligt' (as usual).
ropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on händeTataketa · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceeryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of Taicarei · prepositiondepends on Taaktheedakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iUsed in the fixed phrase ge/ta akt på, 'to pay heed to / be careful of'.
fåglarbirdsfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with aktDon't come near me!
KomcomeKom · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies Komnäranearnära · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of KomI'm only a decoy,» that a grebe's nest came floating along toward the shoal where he stood tethered.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lockfågelärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to lockfågelbarajustbara · adverbmodifies lockfågelenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lockfågellockfågeldecoylockfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of doppingbodoppingbogrebe's nestdoppingbo · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on lockfågelflytandefloatingflyta · adjective, nominativemodifies framframforwardfram · adverbdepends on kommottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking grundetgrundetshoalgrunde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of framdärtheredär · adverbmodifies stodhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on kombundenboundbunden · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of stodThis was not anything particularly remarkable.
Dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of märkvärdigtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to märkvärdigtintenotinte · particlemodifies märkvärdigtnågotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singularsubject of märkvärdigtsynnerligenparticularlysynnerligen · adverbmodifies märkvärdigtmärkvärdigtremarkablemärkvärdig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseIt was a nest from the previous year, and since grebes' nests are built so that they can float on the water like boats, it often happens that they drift out over the lake.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of bovarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to boettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of boboto livebo · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentence"To dwell/live"; not to be confused with bo, "nest".
frånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking åretförrapreviousförra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies åretåretyearår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of boochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationeftersomsinceeftersom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of byggdadoppingbonathe grebes' nestsdoppingbona · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of byggdaäroareäro · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to byggdaOld plural present tense of vara ('to be').
såsoså · adverbmodifies byggdabyggdabuiltbyggda · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with boattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of flytadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of flytakunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of flytaflytafloatflyta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on byggdapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking vattnetvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of flytasomlikesom · prepositionintroduces the clause of båtarFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
båtarboatsbåt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of flytahänderhappenshända · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with bodetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with händeroftaoftenofta · adverbmodifies händerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on händeriadrifti · prepositiondepends on kommadriftadriftdrift · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iutåtout overutåt · adverbmodifies sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommaBut Jarro stood still and watched the nest anyway, because it came so straight toward the islet that it looked as though someone had steered its course over the water.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceändåanywayändå · adverbmodifies blevståendestandingståe · adjective, nominativecomplement of blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtittadelookedtitta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ståendepåatpå · prepositionpreposition marking boetboetthe nestbo · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of tittadedärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of komattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därfördetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blevsåsoså · adverbmodifies komrättstraighträtt · adverbmodifies framframforwardfram · adverbmodifies kommottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking holmenholmenthe isletholmen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of framattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blevpast tense of se, 'to see.'
utlookut · adverbdepends on sågsomassom · pronounsubject of styrtThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of styrtnågonsomeonenågon · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of styrthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of styrtstyrtsteeredstyra · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on blevPast tense of the verb 'styra' (to steer/govern); mistagged as an adjective.
dessitsden · pronounpossessor of färdch03-p50 example 'sedan dess' means 'since then', not possessive 'its' — pinning the gloss to 'its' teaches a lie for that collocation.
färdjourneyfärd · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of styrtöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking vattnetvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies färd- 46
When the nest came closer, Jarro saw that a tiny person, the smallest he had ever seen, was sitting in it and rowing it forward with a couple of sticks.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komboetthe nestbo · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sågnärmareclosernära · adverbmodifies komType lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära.
sågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of sågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sattenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of människalitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies människamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hanminstasmallestliten · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies hanhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settnågonsinevernågonsin · adverbmodifies setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supinerelative clause on människasattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of sågiini · prepositionpreposition marking boetboetthe nestbo · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrodderowedroda · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of roddeframåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies roddemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking pinnarettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies pinnarpinnarstickspinn · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of rodde And this little person called to him: »Go as near to the water as you can, Jarro, and be ready to fly!
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of människalillalittleliten · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies människamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropaderopadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetillto himtill · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ropadeGågogå · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencesåasså · adverbmodifies näranäranearnära · adverbmodifies GåType lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking vattnetvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of Gåsomassom · pronoundirect object of kanThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kankancankunna · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on vattnetJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with kanochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhållbe readyhåll · verb, imperative, activepart of the phrase ochdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Gåflygfärdigready to flyflygfärdig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying digYou shall soon be set free.»
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of befriadskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of befriadsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies befriadblito becomebli · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivepassive auxiliary of befriadbefriadfreedbefria · verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominativemain verb of the sentence- 47
A few moments later the grebe's nest lay in close to land, but the little rower did not leave it, but sat still, huddled among twigs and straws.
Någrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ögonblickögonblickmomentsögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies doppingboetdärefterafterwarddärefter · adverbmodifies låglåglowlåg · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies doppingboetdoppingboetthe grebe's nestdoppingboet · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseinnein closeinne · adverbmodifies doppingboetvidclose tovid · prepositionpreposition marking landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of doppingboetmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of roddarenlillalittleliten · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies roddarenroddarenrowerroddare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lämnadelämnadeleftlämna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with doppingboetdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of lämnadeintenotinte · particlemodifies lämnadeutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
sattputsätta · verb, active, supinecoordinated with lämnadestillastillstilla · adverbdepends on sattinkrupencurled upinkrup · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sattMistagged as noun; it is the past participle 'inkrupen' of 'krypa in' (to creep in), used adjectivally.
mellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking kvistarkvistartwigskvist · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstrånstrawsstrå · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with kvistar Jarro too kept almost motionless.
JarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of höllhöllheldhöll · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of höllocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies höllnästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies orörligorörligmotionlessorörlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of höllHe was quite paralyzed with anxiety that his rescuer might be discovered.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förlamadvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to förlamadalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies förlamadförlamadparalyzedförlamad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking ängslanängslananxietyängsla · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förlamadföroverför · prepositionintroduces the clause of upptäcktattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of upptäcktbefriarenthe rescuerbefriaren · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of upptäcktskullemightskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of upptäcktblito becomebli · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of upptäcktupptäcktdiscoveredupptäcka · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on förlamadMistagged as an adjective; surface 'upptäckt' is the past participle of upptäcka (to discover).
- 48
The next thing that happened was that a flock of wild geese came flying by.
Detaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of nästanästanextnästa · adjective, nominativehead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounsubject of inträffadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
inträffadehappenedinträffa · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on nästavarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularcoordinated with nästathe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of flockflockflockflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vildgässvildgässwild geesevildgäss · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on nästaflygandeflyingflyga · adjective, nominativedirect object of kom Jarro then roused himself and warned them with loud cries, but in spite of this they flew back and forth over the shoal several times.
JarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of vaknadevaknadewoke upvakna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedåthendå · adverbmodifies vaknadetillto his sensestill · prepositionpreposition marking besinningbesinninghis sensesbesinning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vaknade'Besinning' appears in fixed phrases like 'komma till besinning' (come to one's senses) and 'förlora besinning' (lose one's composure).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarnadewarnedvarna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vaknadedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of varnademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking rophögatallhög · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ropropcriesrop · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of varnademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of flögoflögoflewflögo · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with vaknadePast plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense.
trotsdespitetrots · prepositionpreposition marking gångerdettathisdenna · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of gångerfleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of flögoframforwardfram · adverbmodifies gångerochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase framtillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies framöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking grundetgrundetshoalgrunde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of framThey kept so high up that they were out of gunshot, but the farmhand let himself be tempted anyway to fire a couple of shots after them.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of höllohöllokepthöllo · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of höllosåsoså · adverbmodifies högthögthighhög · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies höllouppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies hölloattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vorodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of vorovorowerevoro · pronoun, pluraladverbial clause on höllomistagged as a pronoun; this is the archaic plural past tense of vara 'to be'.
utomout ofutom · prepositionpreposition marking skotthållskotthållgunshot rangeskotthåll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of voromenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdrängenfarmhanddräng · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lätlätletlät · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hölloändåanywayändå · adverbmodifies lätförledatemptförleda · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of lätsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of förledaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of skjutainfinitive marker before a verb.
skjutafireskjuta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on förledaavoffav · prepositiondepends on skjutaettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies skottskottshotsskott · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of skjutaefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of skjutaNo sooner were these shots fired than the little fellow sprang ashore, drew a small knife from its sheath, and cut Jarro's halter apart with a couple of quick strokes.
Dessathesedenna · determiner, pluraldeterminer of skottskottshotsskott · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of avlossadevorowerevoro · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies skottArchaic plural past tense of vara ("to be").
intenotinte · particlemodifies avlossadevälno soonerväl · adverbmodifies avlossadeavlossadefiredavlossa · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies parvelnused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of parvelnlillalittleliten · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies parvelnparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sprangsprangransprangma · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to avlossadeLemma is corrupted; surfaces are only "sprang" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma.
iashorei · prepositionpreposition marking landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sprangdrogpulleddra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with avlossadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of knivlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies knivknivknifekniv · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of drogurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking slidanslidanthe sheathslida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of drogochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskarcutska · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with drogThe backbone lemma/morphology are mistagged; surface 'skar' is actually the past tense of skära (to cut), not a form of ska (shall).
sönderapart/brokensönder · adverbdepends on skarJarrosJarro'sJarros · proper noun, nominativedirect object of droggrimmathe haltergrimma · verb, present, indicativedirect object of drogmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking snittettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies snittraskaquickrask · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies snittch19-p48-s4 'ett par raska snitt' = 'a couple of quick strokes' — 'sturdy' is wrong there; the word covers both 'brisk/quick' and 'sturdy/vigorous' senses depending on referent.
snittstrokessnitt · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies grimma»Now fly away, Jarro, before the man has time to reload!» he cried, as he himself ran back down into the grebe's nest and pushed off from the shore.
Flygflyflyg · verb, imperative, activemodifies ropadenunownu · adverbmodifies Flygdinyourdu · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of vägvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of FlygJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with väginnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hinnerkarlenmankarl · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hinnerhinnerget through in timehinna · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on Flygatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of laddainfinitive marker before a verb.
laddareloadladda · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of hinneromre-om · prepositiondepends on laddaropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropadeunderasunder · prepositionintroduces the clause of sprangdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase underattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase underhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sprangsjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying hansprangransprangma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ropadeLemma is corrupted; surfaces are only "sprang" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma.
nerdownner · adverbdepends on sprangiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking doppingboetdoppingboetgrebe's nestdoppingbo · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sprangochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstöttestruckstötte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ropadefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stötte- 49
The hunter had had his eyes fixed on the geese and had not noticed that Jarro had been set free, but Caesar had followed what was happening more closely, and just as Jarro lifted his wings, he darted forward and seized him by the neck.
Jägarenthe hunterJägare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hafthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceblickarnaglancesblick · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of riktaderiktadefixedrikta · verb, past, indicative, activecomplement of haftpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking gässengässengeesegässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of riktadegässen is the plural definite of gås 'goose'; lemma is a normalized plural stem.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of märktintenotinte · particlemodifies märktmärktnoticedmärka · verb, active, supinecoordinated with haftattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of följtJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · auxiliary verb, active, supineadverbial clause on följtbefriadfreedbefria · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationCesarCaesarCesar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of följtbättremore closelybra · adverbmodifies följtföljtfollowedfölja · verb, active, supineclausal complement of haftmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vadvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of störtadesomwhensom · pronounsubject of händeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
händehappenedhände · adjective, nominativerelative clause on vadMistagged as adjective; it is the past tense of the verb 'hända' (to happen).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjustjustjust · adverbmodifies Jarronärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking JarroJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of lyftelyfteliftedlyfte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vadvingarnathe wingsvingarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of lyftelemma should be vinge 'wing'.
störtadedartedstörta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on följthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of störtadeframforwardfram · adverbmodifies störtadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgrepgripped/seizedgrepa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with störtadePast tense (grep) of gripa, an older strong-verb spelling.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of grepöverbyöver · prepositionpreposition marking nackennackenthe necknack · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of grepMislabeled as plural; nacken is the definite singular of nacke ("the neck").
- 50
Jarro screamed pitifully, but the little fellow who had freed him said to Caesar with the greatest calm: »If you're as honest as you look, you surely can't want to force a good bird to sit here and lure others to their misfortune.»
JarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of skrekskrekshriekedskrek · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceömkligtpitifullyömklig · adverbmodifies skrekmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with skreksomwhosom · pronounsubject of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of befriatbefriatfreedbefriat · verb, active, supinedepends on parvelnhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of befriatsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on skrekmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking lugnstörstabiggeststor · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies lugnlugncalmlugn · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sadetillto Caesartill · prepositionpreposition marking CesarCesarCaesarCees · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sadeSurface 'Cesar' is the dog's name (Caesar), lemmatized oddly as 'Cees'.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hederligduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hederligärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to hederliglikaequallylika · adverbmodifies hederlighederlighonesthederlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on tvingasomassom · pronoundirect object of serThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hederligutlookut · adverbdepends on sersåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on tvingakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tvingaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tvingavälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies tvingaintenotinte · particlemodifies tvingaviljato wantvilja · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of tvingatvingato forcetvinga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fågelbragoodbra · adjective, nominativemodifies fågelfågelbirdfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tvingaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sittainfinitive marker before a verb.
sittato sitsitta · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying fågelhärherehär · adverbmodifies sittaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlockalure/temptlocka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sittaandraothersannan · pronoun, pluraldirect object of lockaitoi · prepositionpreposition marking olyckaolyckamisfortuneolycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of locka - 51
When Caesar heard these words, he curled his upper lip in an ugly grin, but a moment later he let go of Jarro.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hördeCesarCaesarCees · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hördeSurface 'Cesar' is the dog's name (Caesar), lemmatized oddly as 'Cees'.
hördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on grinadedessathesedenna · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ordordwordsord · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of hördegrinadecurled his lipgrina · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of grinadestyggtuglystygg · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of grinademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking överläppenöverläppenupper lipöverläpp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of grinademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationominom · prepositionpreposition marking ögonblickettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ögonblickögonblickmomentögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of släpptesläpptereleasedsläppte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with grinadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of släppteJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativedepends on han »Fly, Jarro!» he said.
Flygfly!flyg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesurfaces Flyg/flyg here are the imperative of flyga ('to fly'), not the noun.
JarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Flygsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Flyghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade»You're truly too good to be a decoy.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of godärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to godsannerligentrulysannerligen · adverbmodifies godförtooför · adverbmodifies godgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of lockfågelinfinitive marker before a verb.
varabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to lockfågellockfågeldecoylockfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on godThat wasn't why I wanted to keep you here, anyway, but because it will feel empty in the cottage without you.»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies varhellereitherheller · adverbmodifies vardärförwhydärför · adverbmodifies varsombecausesom · pronoundirect object of hållaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hållavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållahållato keep herehålla · verb, active, infinitivein apposition to vardigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hållakvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on hållautanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
fördenskullfor that reasonfördenskull · adverbmodifies blirattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blirdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with vartomtemptytomt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of bliriini · prepositionpreposition marking stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blirefterwithoutefter · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blir- 52
It really did become very empty in the farmhouse cottage after Jarro was gone.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceverkligenreallyverkligen · adverbmodifies blevmycketverymycket · adverbmodifies tomttomtemptytomt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of bleviini · prepositionpreposition marking bondstuganbondstuganthe farmhouse cottagebondstuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blevefterwithoutefter · prepositionpreposition marking JarroJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativemodifies bondstugan The dog and the cat found the time long when they no longer had him to squabble over, and the mistress missed the cheerful chatter he used to let out every time she came into the cottage.
Hundendoghund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of funnoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkattencatkatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Hundenfunnofoundfunno · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceArchaic plural past tense of finna "to find"; mislabeled as supine.
tidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies långlånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of funnonärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadeintenotinte · particlemodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on långhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tvistainfinitive marker before a verb.
tvistasquabbletvista · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of hadeomoverom · prepositionintroduces the clause of saknadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmatmormistressmatmor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of saknadeOld word for the woman who runs the household/farm; tagged plural but used as singular here.
saknademissedsakna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tvistadetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of snattergladagladglad · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies snattersnatterchattersnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of saknadesomthatsom · pronoundirect object of höraThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of höralåtitletlåta · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of hörahörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on snattervarwasvara · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gångmistagged as a determiner; the surface 'var' here is the past tense of vara 'to be'.
gångtimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on funnoininin · adverbdepends on komiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komBut the one who longed most for Jarro was the little boy, Per Ola.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardeterminer of gossensomwhosom · pronounsubject of längtadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
längtadelongedlängta · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on denmestmostmycket · adverbmodifies längtadeefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking JarroJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of längtadevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gossendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gossenlillalittleliten · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gossengossenboygoss · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseOlder form of 'gosse'.
PerPerPer · proper noun, nominativemodifies OlaOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativein apposition to gossenHe was only three years old and the only child, and in his whole life he had never had a playmate like Jarro.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of årvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to årbarajustbara · adverbmodifies årtrethreetre · numeral, nominativequantifies åråryearsår · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativemodifies barnetbarnetchildbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with årochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiini · prepositionpreposition marking livhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies livsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of livpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
livlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hafthadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haftintenotinte · particlemodifies hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinecoordinated with årenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lekkamratsådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lekkamratsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
lekkamratplaymatelekkamra · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of haftsomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of JarroJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of haftWhen he heard that Jarro had gone back to Tåkern and the ducks, he could not content himself with this, but thought constantly about how he might get him back.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hörahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörafickheardfå · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörahörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on låtaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of återväntJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of återvänthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of återväntåterväntreturnedåtervän · verb, active, supineclausal complement of höratilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking TåkernTåkernTåkernTåkern · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of återväntochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationändernathe ducksänderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Tåkernkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of låtahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låtaintenotinte · particlemodifies låtalåtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of låtanöjabe satisfiednöja · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låtaReflexive 'nöja sig' = content oneself.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of nöjautanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
tänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with låtajämtconstantlyjämt · adverbdirect object of tänktepåaboutpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of fåhurhowhur · adverbmodifies fåhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåskullemightskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfågetfå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tänktehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåtillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies få- 53
Per Ola had talked a great deal with Jarro while the duck lay still in his basket, and he was certain that the duck understood him.
PerPerPer · proper noun, nominativemodifies OlaOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativesubject of talathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of talattalattalkedtala · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencemycketa great dealmycket · adverbmodifies talatmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking JarroJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of talatmedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lågdennehedenna · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of lågArchaic masculine demonstrative "denne" used anaphorically for a previously named male person.
låglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on talatstillastillstilla · adverbmodifies lågiini · prepositionpreposition marking korgsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of korgkorgbasketkorg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stillaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vissvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to vissvisscertain/sureviss · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with talatomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förstodattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förstodandenthe duckande · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstodförstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on visshonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of förstod He begged his mother to take him down to the lake so that he could meet Jarro and persuade him to come back to them.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of badbadaskedbad · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast tense of 'be' (to ask/request).
mormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of badattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of föraskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of föraföratakeföra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on badhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of föranerdownner · adverbmodifies föratilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nerförso thatför · prepositionintroduces the clause of råkaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase förhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkaskullecouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkafåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of råkaråkameetråka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on badJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativedirect object of råkaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationövertalapersuadeövertala · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with råkahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of övertalaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vändainfinitive marker before a verb.
vändato turnvända · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of övertalatillbakabacktillbaka · adverbdepends on vändatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of vändaHis mother would not listen to this, but the little boy did not give up his plan on that account.
Mormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lyssnavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lyssnaintenotinte · particlemodifies lyssnalyssnato listenlyssna · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencetilllistentill · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of lyssnamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lillelillelittlelille · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of övergavövergavgive upöverge · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lyssnaintenotinte · particlemodifies övergavsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of planplanplanplan · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of övergavfördenskullfor that reasonfördenskull · adverbmodifies övergav- 54
The day after Jarro had vanished, Per Ola was running about in the yard.
Dagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sprangefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking dendeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularmodifies Dagendåwhendå · adverbmodifies försvunnitJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of försvunnithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of försvunnitförsvunnitvanishedförsvunnit · verb, passive, supinerelative clause on densprangransprang · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePerPerPer · proper noun, nominativemodifies OlaOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativesubject of spranguteoutsideute · adverbmodifies sprangpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking gårdengårdenyardgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sprang He was playing alone as usual, but Caesar lay on the steps, and when the mother let the boy out, she had said: »Keep an eye on Per Ola, Caesar!»
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lektelekteplayedleka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceensamaloneensam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lektesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vanligtvanligtusualvanlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of lektemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationCesarCaesarCesar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lektepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking trappantrappanthe staircasetrappan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of släpptemormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of släpptesläppteletsläppte · verb, active, supinecoordinated with lekteutoutut · adverbdepends on släpptegossenboygoss · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of släppteOlder form of 'gosse'.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sagthonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sagtsagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supinecoordinated with lekteSelookse · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceefterkeep watchefter · prepositiondepends on SePerPerPer · proper noun, nominativemodifies OlaOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of SeCesarCaesarCes · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralin apposition to OlaProper name of the dog Cesar (surface 'Cesar'); lemma is a parser artifact.
- 55
Had everything been as usual, Caesar would have obeyed the order, too, and the boy would have been watched so carefully that he would not have run the slightest risk.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vanligtnunownu · adverbmodifies vanligtalltallall · adverbmodifies vanligthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vanligtvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to vanligtsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vanligtvanligtusualvanlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceCesarCaesarCes · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hadeProper name of the dog Cesar (surface 'Cesar'); lemma is a parser artifact.
ocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies Cesaråtlyttobeyedåtlytt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on Cesarbefallningenthe commandbefallning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgossenboygosse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies övervakadvälcarefullyväl · adverbmodifies övervakadövervakadwatchedövervaka · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lupithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lupitintenotinte · particlemodifies lupithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lupitlupitrunlupit · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with blivitdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fararingasteslightestring · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies farafaradangerfara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of lupitsome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
But Caesar was not himself in those days.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationCesarCaesarCesar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of varintenotinte · particlemodifies liklikhimselflik · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of variini · prepositionpreposition marking dagarnadethoseen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of dagarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
dagarnadaysdag · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of varHe knew that the farmers who lived along Tåkern were holding frequent discussions about the draining of the lake, and that they had very nearly decided on it.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadeböndernathe farmersbönderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hadesomwhosom · pronounsubject of boddeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
boddelivedbodde · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on böndernautmedalongutmed · prepositionpreposition marking TåkernTåkernTåkernTåkern · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of boddehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of visstetätadensetät · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies överläggningaröverläggningardeliberationsöverläggning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hadeomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking sjösänkningensjösänkningendraining of the lakesjösänkning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of beslutatdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of beslutatnäravery nearlynära · adverbmodifies beslutatType lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära.
nognearlynog · adverbmodifies beslutathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of beslutatbeslutatdecidedbesluta · verb, active, supinecoordinated with hadedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of beslutatThe ducks would be gone, and Caesar would never again get an honest hunt.
ÄndernaducksÄnderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of skulleskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebortawaybort · adverbmodifies skulleochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationCesarCaesarCesar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fåskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies fåmeragainmycket · adverbmodifies fåkunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of fåfågetfå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with skulleenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of jaktärlighonestärlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies jaktjakthuntjakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåHe was so taken up with thinking about this misfortune that he forgot to watch over Per Ola.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of upptagenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to upptagensåsoså · adverbmodifies upptagenupptagenabsorbedupptagen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseavwithav · prepositionintroduces the clause of tänkaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tänkainfinitive marker before a verb.
tänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on upptagenpåaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking olyckadennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of olyckaolyckamisfortuneolycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tänkaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komintenotinte · particlemodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on upptagenihågto mind (remember)ihåg · adverbdepends on komonly occurs in the fixed phrase komma ihåg 'to remember'.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vakainfinitive marker before a verb.
vakato keep watchvaka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of komöveroveröver · prepositiondepends on vakaPerPerPer · proper noun, nominativemodifies OlaOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativedirect object of vaka- 56
And the little one had no sooner been left alone in the yard than he realized that now was the right moment to go down to Tåkern and talk with Jarro.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lillelillelittlelille · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of lämnadvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to lämnadintenotinte · particlemodifies lämnadvälno soonerväl · adverbmodifies lämnadlämnadleftlämna · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseensamaloneensam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lämnadpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking gårdengårdenyardgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lämnadförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies insågused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of insåginsågrealizedinsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on lämnadattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommennunownu · adverbmodifies stundenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activedeterminer of stundenrättarighträtt · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies stundenstundenwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kommenkommencomekommenma · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of insågatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gåinfinitive marker before a verb.
gågogå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kommennerdownner · adverbdepends on gåtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking TåkernTåkernTåkernTåkern · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of gåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gåmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking JarroJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of tala He opened a gate and wandered down toward the lake along that narrow path that ran across the marshes.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of öppnadeöppnadeopenedöppna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of grindgrindgategrind · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of öppnadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvandradewanderedvandra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with öppnadenerdownner · adverbmodifies vandrademottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nerpåalongpå · prepositionpreposition marking dendenaen · determiner, common gender, singularoblique complement of nerdärtheredär · adverbmodifies stigensmalanarrowsmal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies stigenstigenpathstig · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of öppnadesomthatsom · pronounintroduces the clause of löpteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
löpteranlöpa · verb, active, supineclause modifying stigenThe surface löpte is past tense, despite the supine label.
framforwardfram · adverbdepends on löpteöveracrossöver · prepositionpreposition marking madernamadernathe marshesmaderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of framMad is a regional word for a wet meadow or marsh.
As long as he could be seen from home, he walked slowly, but afterward he quickened his pace.
Såasså · adverbmodifies längelängeas long aslänge · adverbmodifies sesomassom · subordinating conjunctionoblique complement of semanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gickhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sehemifrånfrom homehemifrån · adverbmodifies segickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gicklångsamtslowlylångsam · adverbmodifies gickmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsedanthensedan · adverbmodifies ökadeökadequickenedöka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ökadefartenspeedfart · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ökadeHe was very afraid that his mother or someone else would call out to him that he was not allowed to go.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räddvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to räddmycketverymycket · adverbmodifies räddräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseförofför · prepositionintroduces the clause of ropaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ropamormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropaelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnågonsomeonenågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of annanannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with morskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of roparopato call outropa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on räddåttoåt · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ropaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåintenotinte · particlemodifies gåfickwas allowed tofå · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of ropaHe didn't mean to do anything wrong, only to persuade Jarro to come back, but he sensed that the people at home would not have approved of the undertaking.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of göravillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of görajuafter allju · adverbmodifies göraintenotinte · particlemodifies göragöradogöra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencenågotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ontontwrongont · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of göraBoth examples ('göra oss något ont' = 'do us harm', 'inte hade förmått göra mycket ont' = 'not been able to do much harm') attest the sense 'harm', not 'pain', which was the pinned default gloss.
barajustbara · adverbmodifies övertalaövertalapersuadeövertala · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with göraJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativedirect object of övertalaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on övertalatillbakabacktillbaka · adverbdepends on kommamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändekändefeltkäna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with görapåsensedpå · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of kändeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gillatdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gillatdärtheredär · adverbmodifies gillathemmaat homehemma · adverbmodifies gillatintenotinte · particlemodifies gillatskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gillathahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of gillatgillatapproved ofgilla · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on kändeföretagetundertakingföretag · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gillat- 57
When Per Ola came down to the lakeshore, he called for Jarro several times.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komPerPerPer · proper noun, nominativemodifies OlaOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativesubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ropadenerdownner · adverbmodifies komtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking sjöstrandensjöstrandenlakeshoresjöstrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropadefleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of ropadeefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking JarroJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of ropade Then he stood a long while waiting, but no Jarro appeared.
DärpåthenDärpå · adverbmodifies stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundlånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationväntadewaitingvänta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of JarroJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of visadevisadeshowedvisa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of visadeHe saw several birds that resembled the wild duck, but they flew past without paying him any attention, so he could tell that none of them was the right one.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencefleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fåglarfåglarbirdsfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sågsomthatsom · pronounpreposition marking gräsandenThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
liknaderesembledliknad · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gräsandenMislabeled as an adjective; liknade is the past tense of the verb likna ("to resemble").
gräsandenthe mallardgräsande · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcomplement of sågmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of flögoflögoflewflögo · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sågPast plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense.
förbipastförbi · adverbmodifies flögoutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of låtsaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of låtsainfinitive marker before a verb.
låtsapay attentionlåtsa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on flögoomnoticeom · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of låtsaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationalltsåsoalltså · adverbmodifies förståkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förståhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förståförståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with flögoattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of rättaingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of rättaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies ingenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to rättadenaen · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of rättarättarighträtt · adjective, nominative, singularclausal complement of förstå- 58
When Jarro did not come to him, the little boy thought that he would surely find him more easily if he went out onto the lake.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of komintenotinte · particlemodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tänktetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gossenlillalittleliten · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gossengossenboygoss · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tänkteOlder form of 'gosse'.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of finnahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finnasäkertsurelysäker · adverbmodifies finnaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of finnafinnafindfinna · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying gossenhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of finnalättareeasierlätt · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of finnaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of begåvehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of begåvebegåvewent outbegåve · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on finnasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of begåveutoutut · adverbmodifies begåvepåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ut There were several good boats by the shore, but they were tied up.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
fleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies farkostergodagoodgod · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies farkosterfarkosterboatsfarkost · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fannsvidbyvid · prepositionpreposition marking strandenstrandenshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fannsmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fastbundnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying dearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
fastbundnatied upfastbunden · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with fannsThe only one lying loose and free was an old, warped rowboat, so far gone that no one thought of using it.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of gammalendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativepart of the phrase Densomthatsom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
låglayligga · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on endamistagged as adjective; the surface 'låg' here is the past tense of ligga 'to lie', not the unrelated adjective låg 'low'.
löslooselös · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationledigfreeledig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with lösvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gammalenaen · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of gammalgammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ekagistenleakygist · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with gammalekarowboateka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounsubject of dåligThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to dåligsåsoså · adverbmodifies dåligdåligbaddålig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on ekaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tänkteingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on dåligpåofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of begagnaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of begagnainfinitive marker before a verb.
begagnausingbegagen · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tänktedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of begagnaBut Per Ola scrambled up into it without minding that there was water standing over the whole bottom.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationPerPerPer · proper noun, nominativemodifies krångladeOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativedepends on Perkrångladestruggledkrångla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of krångladeuppupupp · adverbmodifies krångladeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of krångladeutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of bryatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bryinfinitive marker before a verb.
bryto trouble oneselfbry · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on krångladesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bryomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking bryattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stoddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on krångladevattenwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of stodöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking bottnenhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies bottnenbottnenthe bottombottn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of stodHe was not strong enough to use the oars, but instead he sat and rocked and swayed the boat.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of orkadeorkadehad the strength toorka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies orkadebrukausebruka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of orkadeFirst example ('hon knappast kunde bruka den' = 'she could scarcely use it', of an injured wing) is the sense 'to use', which was missing from the senses list.
årornathe oarsårorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of brukamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiinsteadi · prepositionmodifies satteställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase isattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with orkadepast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of satteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vaggainfinitive marker before a verb.
vaggato rockvagga · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of satteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgungato rockgunga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with vaggaiini · prepositionmodifies gungaekanrowboateka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iNo grown person would surely have managed to get a boat out onto Tåkern that way, but when the water is high and misfortune is at hand, small children have a strange knack for getting out to sea.
Säkertsurelysäker · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of människastorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies människamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lyckatslyckatssucceededlycka · verb, active, supineparallel clause to hadeImpersonal 'lyckats' from 'lyckas' (to succeed); lemma should be 'lyckas'.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förainfinitive marker before a verb.
föragetföra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on lyckatsenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ekaekarowboateka · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of förautoutut · adverbdepends on förapåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking TåkernTåkernTåkernTåkern · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of förapåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sättetsättetwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of föramenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of högtvattenståndetthe water levelvattenstånde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of högtärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to högthögthighhög · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on haochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationolyckanmisfortuneolycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frammeärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to frammeframmeat handframme · nouncoordinated with högthato haveha · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with hadesmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies barnbarnchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of haenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of förmågaförunderligwondrousförunderlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies förmågaförmågaabilityförmåga · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying förmågautoutut · adverbdepends on kommatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking sjösssjössout to seasjöss · nounoblique complement of utPer Ola was soon drifting about on Tåkern, calling for Jarro.
PerPerPer · proper noun, nominativemodifies OlaOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativesubject of drevdrevdrifteddrev · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies drevomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies drevpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking TåkernTåkernTåkernTåkern · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of drevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with drevpåforpå · prepositionpreposition marking JarroJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of ropade- 59
As the old boat was rocked out onto the lake like that, its seams opened wider and wider, and the water came fairly streaming into it.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vaggadesdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ekangamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies ekanekanthe boatekan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive vaggadessålike thatså · adverbmodifies vaggadesdärtheredär · adverbmodifies vaggadesvaggadeswas rockedvaggades · verb, past, indicative, passiveadverbial clause on öppnadesutoutut · adverbdepends on vaggadespåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vaggadesöppnadesopenedöppnaa · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentencedessitsden · pronounpossessor of springorch03-p50 example 'sedan dess' means 'since then', not possessive 'its' — pinning the gloss to 'its' teaches a lie for that collocation.
springorcracksspringa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive öppnadesalltwider and widerallt · adverbmodifies öppnadesvidarefurthervidare · adverbpart of the phrase alltochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of strömmaderiktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies strömmadeströmmadestreamedströmma · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with öppnadesininin · adverbdepends on strömmadeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of strömmade Per Ola paid not the least attention to this.
PerPerPer · proper noun, nominativemodifies OlaOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativesubject of frågadefrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies frågadedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of minstaminstaleastliten · adjective, nominative, superlativedirect object of frågadeefterattention toefter · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of frågadeHe sat on the little thwart in the bow, calling out to every bird he saw and wondering why Jarro did not appear.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking toftendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of toftenlillalittleliten · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies toftentoftenthe thwarttoft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattiini · prepositionpreposition marking förenförenthe bowför · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies toftenropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattåttoåt · prepositionpreposition marking fågelvarjeeveryvarje · determiner, singulardeterminer of fågelfågelbirdfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ropadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on fågelpast tense of se, 'to see.'
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationundradewonderedundra · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with sågMistagged as an adjective; this is the past tense of undra ("to wonder").
påwhypå · prepositionintroduces the clause of visadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of visadeintenotinte · particlemodifies visadeJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of visadevisadeshowedvisa · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sågsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of visade- 60
At last Jarro really did catch sight of Per Ola.
Tillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies ficksistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase Tillfickcaught sightfå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of fickverkligenreallyverkligen · adverbmodifies ficksynsightsyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking OlaPerPerPer · proper noun, nominativemodifies OlaOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativemodifies syn He heard someone calling him by the name he had had among the people, and he understood that the boy had ventured out onto Tåkern to look for him.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhörde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ropadenågonsomeonenågon · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of ropaderopadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hördepåforpå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ropademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking namndetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of namnnamnnamenamn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ropadesomthatsom · pronoundirect object of haftThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hafthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinerelative clause on namnblandamongbland · prepositionpreposition marking människornamänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of haftochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstodförstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hördeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gettgossenboygosse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of getthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gettgettgivenge · verb, active, supineclausal complement of förstodsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of gettutoutut · adverbdepends on gettpåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking TåkernTåkernTåkernTåkern · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utProper name of a lake.
förtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of sökaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sökainfinitive marker before a verb.
sökasearchsöka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on getthonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sökaJarro was unspeakably glad to find that one of the people truly loved him.
JarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceoutsägligtunspeakablyoutsäglig · adverbmodifies blevgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevövertoöver · prepositionintroduces the clause of finnaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of finnainfinitive marker before a verb.
finnafindfinna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on blevattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of älskadeenoneman · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of älskadeSurfaces are only "en"/"En" used as a counting pronoun ("en av dem" = "one of them"), not the indefinite generic pronoun man/en ("one does X"). Lemma is mistagged as man; it should be en (numeral pronoun "one"). Gloss "one" happens to still be correct.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking människornamänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of älskadeverkligenreallyverkligen · adverbmodifies älskadeälskadelovedälska · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of finnahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of älskadeHe shot down toward Per Ola like an arrow, settled beside him, and let him stroke him.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skötskötshotsköt · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenerdownner · adverbdepends on skötmottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking OlaPerPerPer · proper noun, nominativemodifies OlaOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of skötsomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of pilenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of pilpilarrowpil · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skötsattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with skötpast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sattebredvidbesidebredvid · prepositionmodifies sattehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of satteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlätletlät · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lätsmekastrokesmeka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of lätsighimsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of smekaBoth of them were very happy to see each other again.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of tvåSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tvåarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
bådabothbåda · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tvåtvåtwotvå · numeral, nominativesubject of lyckligamycketverymycket · adverbmodifies lyckligalyckligahappylycklig · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of återseinfinitive marker before a verb.
återsesee againåterse · verb, active, infinitivedepends on lyckligavarandraeach othervarandra · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of återse- 61
But suddenly Jarro noticed the state the boat was in.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationplötsligensuddenlyplötsligen · adverbmodifies märktemärktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceJarroJarroJarro · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of märkteProper name (the wild duck), mistagged as a noun.
hurhowhur · adverbmodifies stoddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on märktetillstatetill · prepositiondepends on stodmedwithmed · prepositionmodifies stodekanthe boatekan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase med It was half full of water and very close to sinking.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of fullvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to fulltillhalftill · prepositionpreposition marking hälftenhälftenhalfhälft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fullfullfullfull · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseavofav · prepositionpreposition marking vattenvattenwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fullochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to näramycketverymycket · adverbmodifies näranäraclosenära · adjective, nominativecoordinated with fullatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sjunkainfinitive marker before a verb.
sjunkato sinksjunka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on näraJarro tried to tell Per Ola that he, who could neither fly nor swim, must try to get up onto land, but Per Ola did not understand him.
JarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of söktesöktetriedsöka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of sökteomtellom · prepositionpreposition marking talaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking OlaPerPerPer · proper noun, nominativemodifies OlaOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of talaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sökahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sökasomwhosom · pronounsubject of flygaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varkenneithervarken · conjunctionauxiliary of flygakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flygaflygaflyflyga · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on hanelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsimmaswimsimma · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with flygamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sökasökasearchsöka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on talaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of sökauppupupp · adverbdepends on kommapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationPerPerPer · proper noun, nominativemodifies OlaOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativesubject of förstodförstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with söktehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of förstodintenotinte · particlemodifies förstodThen Jarro did not hesitate a moment, but hurried off to get help.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies dröjdedröjdehesitateddröjdema · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies dröjdeJarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of dröjdeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ögonblickögonblickmomentögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of dröjdeutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
skyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with dröjdebortawaybort · adverbdepends on skyndadeförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of skaffaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of skaffainfinitive marker before a verb.
skaffato getskaffa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skyndadehjälphelphjälp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skaffa- 62
Jarro came back after a little while, carrying on his back a little fellow much smaller than Per Ola.
JarroJarroJarro · proper noun, nominativesubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetillbakabacktillbaka · adverbdepends on komomafterom · prepositionpreposition marking stundenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbarcarriedba · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with komTagged present tense, but every occurrence is the old preterite of bära ("carried"), not the present.
dåthendå · adverbmodifies barpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking ryggsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of ryggryggbackrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of barenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of parvellitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies parvelparvellittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of barsomthatsom · pronounsubject of mindreThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to mindremycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies mindremindresmallerlite · adjective, nominative, comparativerelative clause on parvelänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking OlaPerPerPer · proper noun, nominativedepends on OlaOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of mindre If he had not been able to both speak and move, the boy would have thought it was a doll.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kunnathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kunnatintenotinte · particlemodifies kunnathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kunnatkunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineadverbial clause on habådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kunnatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationröramoveröra · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with talasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of röraskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hagossenboygosse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of trotttrottbelievedtrott · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dockadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of dockavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to dockaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dockadockadolldocka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of trottAnd the little fellow ordered Per Ola to take up at once a long, narrow pole that lay on the bottom of the boat, and try to pole it forward toward one of the small reed islets.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of parvelnlillalittleliten · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies parvelnparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of befalldebefalldecommandedbefallde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePerPerPer · proper noun, nominativemodifies OlaOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativesubject of befalldeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tainfinitive marker before a verb.
genastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on befalldeuppupupp · adverbdepends on taenaen · determiner, common gender, singularquantifies långlånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tasmalnarrowsmal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies störstörpolestör · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to befalldesomthatsom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
låglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on störpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking bottnenbottnenbottombottn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågavofav · prepositionpreposition marking ekanekanrowboateka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bottnenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförsökato tryförsöka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with befalldeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of stakainfinitive marker before a verb.
stakapole (a boat)staka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försökadennathisdenna · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of stakaframforwardfram · adverbmodifies stakamottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking enenoneman · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of framSurfaces are only "en"/"En" used as a counting pronoun ("en av dem" = "one of them"), not the indefinite generic pronoun man/en ("one does X"). Lemma is mistagged as man; it should be en (numeral pronoun "one"). Gloss "one" happens to still be correct.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking vassholmarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vassholmarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
småsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vassholmarnavassholmarnareed isletsvassholmarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies enPer Ola obeyed him, and he and the little fellow worked together to drive the boat forward.
PerPerPer · proper noun, nominativemodifies OlaOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativedepends on lyddelyddeobeyedlydde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lyddeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive hjälptesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hanhjälptesworked togetherhjälpa · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with lyddeåttogetheråt · prepositiondepends on hjälptesatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of drivainfinitive marker before a verb.
drivato drivedriva · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hjälptesframforwardfram · adverbdepends on drivaekanthe boatekan · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of drivaWith a couple of strokes they reached a small reed-ringed islet, and now Per Ola was told to go ashore.
Medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking parettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies tagtagstrokestag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasevorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, singularindirect object of tagPast plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective.
detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of frammeSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
frammearrived, at the destinationframme · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tagFramme consistently conveys 'arrived at / at one's destination' (voro framme vid berget = 'were already at the mountain'; voro framme vid ... Lungersudden = 'arrived at'), not a bare locative 'there'.
vidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking holmeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vassomkransadlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vassomkransadvassomkransadreed-ringedvassomkransad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies holmeholmeisletholme · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tagochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePerPerPer · proper noun, nominativemodifies OlaOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativesubject of blevtillsagdwas toldtillsagd · adverbcomplement of blevattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåskullewas told toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on bleviashorei · prepositionpreposition marking landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gåAnd in that very instant that Per Ola set foot on land, the boat filled with water and sank to the bottom.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjustjustjust · adverbmodifies stundiat that instanti · prepositionpreposition marking stundsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fylldessomwhensom · pronounintroduces the clause of satteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
PerPerPer · proper noun, nominativesubject of satteOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativedepends on Persattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on stundpast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
fotenfootfot · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sattepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sattefylldeswas filledfyll · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentenceekanthe boatekan · adverbsubject of passive fylldesmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vattenvattenwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fylldesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsjönksanksjönk · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fylldestilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking bottnenbottnenthe bottombottnen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sjönk- 63
When the boy saw this, he felt certain that his father and mother would be very angry with him.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of såggossenboygoss · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågOlder form of 'gosse'.
sågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kändepast tense of se, 'to see.'
dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sågkändefeltkändäge · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceSurface 'kände' is past tense of 'känna' (to feel); the lemma 'kändäge' is a parser artifact.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kändevisscertain/sureviss · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of kändeomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bliattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blifarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bliochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with farskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kändemycketverymycket · adverbmodifies ondaondaangryond · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of blipåwithpå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bli He would have begun to cry, if he had not immediately had something else to think about.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjatskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of börjathahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of börjatbörjatbegunbörja · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencegråtato crygråta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjatomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåtthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåttintenotinte · particlemodifies fåttstraximmediatelystrax · adverbmodifies fåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttfåtthadfå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on börjatannatsomething elseannan · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of fåttatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tänkainfinitive marker before a verb.
tänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying annatpåaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking tänkaFor a flock of large gray birds came and settled on the islet, and the little fellow took him over to them and told him what they were called, and what they were saying.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenämligenfornämligen · adverbmodifies komExplanatory connective, not the literal 'namely' in most narrative uses.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of flockflockflockflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of storastorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of komgråagraygrå · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fåglarfåglarbirdsfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with storaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslogsettledslå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with komLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
nerdownner · adverbdepends on slogpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking önönthe islandön · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of slogSame common noun (definite form of ö, island), mistagged here as a proper noun.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of parvelnlillalittleliten · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies parvelnparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with komhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of togframforwardfram · adverbmodifies togtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of togochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationberättadetoldberätta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with togförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of berättadevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularintroduces the clause of hettedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of hettehettewas namedhette · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to togmistagged as a noun; it is the past tense of 'heta' (to be named/called).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with komAnd this was so much fun that Per Ola forgot everything else.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of roligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to roligtsåsoså · adverbmodifies roligtroligtfunrolig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of glömdePerPerPer · proper noun, nominativemodifies OlaOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativesubject of glömdeglömdeforgotglömde · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on roligtalltingeverythingallting · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of glömdeannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies glömde- 64
Meanwhile, the people at the farmstead had noticed that the boy was missing, and had begun to search for him.
EmellertidmeanwhileEmellertid · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of märktfolketpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of hadeiati · prepositionpreposition marking bondgårdenbondgårdenfarmbondgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hademärktnoticedmärka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of försvunnengossenboygoss · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försvunnenOlder form of 'gosse'.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to försvunnenförsvunnenvanishedförsvunn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of märktPast participle of försvinna ('to vanish'); tagged as noun but functions adjectivally.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of börjatbörjatbegunbörja · verb, active, supinecoordinated with försvunnensökasearchsöka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjatefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of söka They searched through the outbuildings, looked in the well, and checked the cellar.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of letadeletadesearchedleta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceigenomthroughigenom · prepositiondepends on letadeuthusenoutbuildingsuthus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of letadetittadelookedtitta · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to letadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking brunnenbrunnenthe wellbrunn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tittadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågosawsågoa · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with tittadeLemma/tag are corrupted; sågo is the plural past tense of se ("saw"), not a noun or present tense.
eftercheckedefter · adverbdepends on sågoch23-p11-s4 uses se efter in the sense 'check/look'; the proposed sense 'after' misses this occurrence. ch38-p32-s2 is the spatial adverb 'behind'.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking källarenkällarenthe cellarkällar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sågoThen they went out on the roads and paths, walked over to the neighboring farm to ask whether he had wandered there, and looked for him down at Tåkern as well.
Sedanthensedan · adverbintroduces the clause of gingogingowentgingo · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasePast plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gingoutoutut · adverbmodifies gingopåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking vägarvägarroadsväg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of utochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstigarpathsstig · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with vägarvandradewanderedvandra · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with gingoTagged as an adjective but is the past tense of vandra, 'to wander/walk'.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking granngårdengranngårdenneighboring farmgranngårde · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vandradeförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of höraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hörainfinitive marker before a verb.
hörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on vandradeomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förirrathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förirrathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förirratförirratstrayedförirra · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hörasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of förirratdittheredit · adverbmodifies förirratochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationspanadesearchedspana · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with förirratefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of spanadeocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies spanadeneredownnere · adverbmodifies spanadevidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking TåkernTåkernTåkernTåkern · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of spanadeBut however much they searched, they could not find him.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhurhowhur · adverbmodifies söktedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sökteänhowever muchän · adverbmodifies söktesöktesearchedsöka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of finnadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of finnaintenotinte · particlemodifies finnafinnafindfinna · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with söktehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of finna- 65
Caesar, the dog, understood very well that the household was searching for Per Ola, but he did nothing to put them on the right track.
CesarCaesarCesar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of förstodhundendoghund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to Cesarförstodunderstoodförstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemycketverymycket · adverbmodifies välvälwellväl · adverbmodifies förstodattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of letadehusbondfolketmaster's householdhusbondfolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of letadeletadesearchedleta · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of förstodefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking OlaPerPerPer · proper noun, nominativemodifies OlaOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of letademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with förstodintenotinte · particlemodifies gjordenågotnothingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of gjordeförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of föraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förainfinitive marker before a verb.
föraputföra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gjordedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of förapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking spårrättrighträtt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies spårspårtrack/tracespår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of föra Instead he lay quite still, as though the whole matter had nothing to do with him.
Iinsteadi · prepositionmodifies lågställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase Ilåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lågstillastillstilla · adverbmodifies lågsomas thoughsom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of angåttomthoughom · prepositionpreposition marking sakenhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sakensakenthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of angåttintenotinte · particlemodifies angåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of angåttangåttconcernedangå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on låghonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of angått- 66
Later in the day Per Ola's footprints were discovered down by the boat landing.
LängrefartherLängre · adverbmodifies framframforwardfram · adverbmodifies upptäcktepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of framupptäcktediscoveredupptäcka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of upptäcktePerPerPer · proper noun, nominativedirect object of upptäckteOlasOla'sOla · proper noun, genitivepossessor of fotspårfotspårfootprintsfotspår · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of upptäckteneredownnere · adverbmodifies upptäcktevidbyvid · prepositionpreposition marking båtstadenbåtstadenthe boat landingbåtstad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nere And then it occurred to them that the old warped rowboat was no longer lying at the shore.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies tänkakomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänkamanthemman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tänkainfinitive marker before a verb.
tänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencepåofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of lågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lågdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gistnagamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gistnagistnaleakygisten · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of lågekanthe rowboateka · adverbmodifies gistnaintenotinte · particlemodifies låglängrelongerlänge · adverbmodifies låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tänkakvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on lågvidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking strandenstrandenshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågThen they began to understand how it had all come about.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemantheyman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadeförståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadehurhowhur · adverbmodifies gåttalltsammansall of italltsammans · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttcome aboutgå · verb, active, supineclausal complement of förståtillhappenedtill · prepositiondepends on gått- 67
The farmer and his men at once launched the boats and set off to search for the boy.
Husbondenfarmerhusbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skötoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanshishan · pronounpossessor of drängardrängarfarmhandsdräng · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Husbondenskötolaunchedsköto · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceActually the past-plural of 'skjuta' (to shoot/push); mistagged as a supine.
genastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies skötoutlaunchut · adverbdepends on skötobåtarnathe boatsbåtarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of skötoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationforowentforo · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with båtarnaOld plural past tense of 'fara' (to go/travel), mistagged as a proper noun.
förtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of sökaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sökainfinitive marker before a verb.
sökasearchsöka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skötoefterforefter · prepositionpreposition marking gossengossenboygoss · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sökaOlder form of 'gosse'.
They rowed about on Tåkern until late in the evening without seeing the least glimpse of him.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of rodderodderowedroda · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies roddepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking TåkernTåkernTåkernTåkern · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of roddeändauntilända · adverbmodifies kvällentilluntiltill · prepositionpreposition marking kvällensenalatese · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies kvällenArchaic/poetic form of 'sen' (late), as in 'sena kvällen' (the late evening).
kvälleneveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of roddeutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of seatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on roddedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skymtminstaleastliten · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies skymtskymtglimpseskymt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of seavofav · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies skymtThey could not believe anything else than that the old boat had sunk, and that the little one lay dead on the lake bottom.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of trokundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trointenotinte · particlemodifies trotrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceannatanything elseannan · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of troänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sjunkitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sjunkitdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of farkostengamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies farkostenfarkostenthe boatfarkost · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sjunkithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sjunkitsjunkitsunksjunka · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on troochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of döddenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lillelillelittlelille · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularmodifies dödlåglowlåg · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies döddöddeaddöd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sjunkitExamples mix the noun (döden) with adjectival uses (död gås); flag if the occurrence is adjectival.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sjöbottnensjöbottnenlake bottomsjöbottn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of död- 68
In the evening Per Ola's mother wandered about along the shore.
Påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking kvällenkvälleneveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of drevdrevwandereddriva · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePerPerPer · proper noun, nominativesubject of drevOlasOla'sOla · proper noun, genitivepossessor of mormormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of drevomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies strandenpåalongpå · prepositionpreposition marking strandenstrandenshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of drev Everyone else was convinced that the boy had drowned, but she could not bring herself to believe it, and she kept on searching for him.
Allaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andraandraothersannan · pronoun, pluralsubject of vorovorowerevoro · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceövertygadeconvincedövertyga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies voroomthatom · prepositionintroduces the clause of drunknadattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of drunknadgossenboygoss · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of drunknadOlder form of 'gosse'.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to drunknaddrunknaddrowneddrunknad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on övertygademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förmåkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förmåintenotinte · particlemodifies förmåförmåbring herself toförmå · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with drunknadsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of förmåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of troinfinitive marker before a verb.
trobelievetro · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on förmådettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of troutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of söktesöktesearchedsöka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of söktealltjämtstillalltjämt · adverbmodifies sökteShe searched in among the reeds and rushes, walking and walking on the swampy shore without noticing how deep her foot sank or how wet she had become.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of söktesöktesearchedsöka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceinnein amonginne · adverbmodifies söktemellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking vassvasssharpvass · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sökteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsävrushessäv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with vassgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sökteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickpåonpå · prepositiondepends on gickdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sankasankamarshysanka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickAdjectival form 'marshy/swampy', despite the noun tag.
strandenshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gickutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of tänkaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tänkainfinitive marker before a verb.
tänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gickpåofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of sjönkhurhowhur · adverbmodifies djuptdjuptdeeplydjup · adverbmodifies sjönkhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sjönksjönksanksjönk · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tänkamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking fotenfotenfootfot · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sjönkochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhurhowhur · adverbmodifies våtvåtwetvåt · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies honhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinecoordinated with sjönkShe was unspeakably despairing.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förtvivladvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to förtvivladoutsägligtunspeakablyoutsäglig · adverbmodifies förtvivladförtvivladdespairingförtvivlad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseHer heart ached in her breast.
Hjärtatthe heartHjärtat · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of värktevärkteachedvärka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceiini · prepositionpreposition marking brösthennesherhon · pronounpossessor of bröstpossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
bröstchestbröst · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of värkteShe did not weep, but wrung her hands and called for her child in a loud, wailing voice.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of grätgrätweptgrät · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies grätmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvredwrung/twistedvred · adjective, nominativemodifies händerPast tense of the verb 'vrida' (to wring/twist), mistagged as an adjective.
sinahersig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of händerhänderhandshända · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with grätPlural of hand; lemma mislabeled 'hända' but this is händer, 'hands'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with händerpåforpå · prepositionpreposition marking barnsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of barnpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
barnchildbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ropademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking höghögtallhög · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies röstklagandewailingklagande · adjective, nominativecoordinated with högröstvoiceröst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with händer- 69
All around her she heard the cries of swans and ducks and curlews.
Runtaroundrunt · adverbmodifies sigomkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighersig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of hördehördeheardhörde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördesvanorsof swanssvana · noun, genitive, common gender, pluraldirect object of hördeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationändersducks'änder · noun, genitive, neuter, pluralpossessor of skrikochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationspovarscurlews'spovars · noun, genitive, neuter, pluralcoordinated with ändersskrikcryskrik · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with svanors She thought that they were following her and lamenting and wailing too.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of följdedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of följdeföljdefollowedfölja · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of tyckteefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of följdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationklagadecomplainedklaga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with henneochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjämradelamentedjämrad · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with klagadeocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies dedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralin apposition to följde»They must surely have some sorrow, since they lament so,» she thought.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of visstSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
måttemustmåtte · adverbmodifies DeModal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means "must"; the perfect sense ("must have") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain "must."
visstcertainlyviss · adverbmodifies hasurface visst here is the adverb 'certainly/surely', not the adjective viss 'certain'.
hato haveha · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sorgsorgsorrowsorg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haeftersomsinceeftersom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of jämrardetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of jämrarjämrarlamentjämra · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hasigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of jämrarsåsoså · adverbmodifies jämrartänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to jämrarhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkteBut then she caught herself.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komihågto mind (remember)ihåg · adverbdepends on komonly occurs in the fixed phrase komma ihåg 'to remember'.
sigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of komIt was only birds, after all, that she heard lamenting.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fåglarvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to fåglarjuafter allju · adverbmodifies fåglarbarajustbara · adverbmodifies fåglarfåglarbirdsfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of hördeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on fåglarklagato complainklaga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of hördeThey surely had no worries.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies hadeingano/noneingen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of bekymmerbekymmerworriesbekymmer · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of hade- 70
It was strange that they did not fall silent after sunset.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with besynnerligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to besynnerligtbesynnerligtstrangebesynnerlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tystnadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of tystnadeintenotinte · particlemodifies tystnadetystnadefell silenttystna · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on besynnerligtefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking solnedgångensolnedgångensunsetsolnedgång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tystnade But she heard all the countless flocks of birds that lived around Tåkern giving out cry after cry.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fågelskarornadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fågelskarornaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
oräkneligacountlessoräknelig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fågelskarornafågelskarornathe bird flocksfågelskarorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hördesomthatsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gefunnosexistedfunnos · proper noun, nominativesubject of geOld plural past tense of 'finnas' (to exist/be found), mistagged as a proper noun.
omkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies TåkernTåkernTåkernTåkern · proper noun, nominativemodifies funnosgeto givege · verb, active, infinitivedepends on hördeuppupupp · adverbdepends on geskrikcryskrik · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gepåafterpå · prepositionpreposition marking skrikskrikcryskrik · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of geSeveral of them followed her wherever she went; others came rushing past on swift wings.
FleraseveralFlera · pronoun, pluralsubject of följdeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies Fleraföljdefollowedfölja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of följdevartwherevart · adverbintroduces the clause of gickhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on följdeandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of kommokommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gickkommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
susandewhizzingsusande · adjective, nominativepart of the phrase kommoförbipastförbi · adverbdepends on kommopåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking vingarsnabbaswiftsnabb · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vingarvingarwingsving · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gickThe whole air was full of lament and wailing.
Helawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fullvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to fullfullfullfull · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseavofav · prepositionpreposition marking klaganklaganlamentklagan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fullochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjämmerlamentationjämmer · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with klaganMistagged as a verb by the parser; it is the noun 'jämmer' (lament, wailing).
- 71
But the anguish she herself was carrying opened her heart.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ångestångestanguishångest · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of öppnadesomthatsom · pronoundirect object of barThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of barsjälvherselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying honbarcarryingbara · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on ångestLemma tag is odd; surface 'bar' is the past tense of bära, 'to carry', also used idiomatically in 'det bar av' = 'off they went'.
påwithinpå · prepositionpreposition marking baröppnadeopenedöppna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehennesherhon · pronounpossessor of hjärtapossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
hjärtahearthjärta · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of öppnade She felt that she did not stand as far apart from all other living creatures as people otherwise do.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stodhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodintenotinte · particlemodifies stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of tycktesåasså · adverbmodifies långtlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies stodbortafar apartborta · adverbmodifies stodfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking varelserallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of varelserandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies varelserlevandelivinglevande · adjective, nominativemodifies varelservarelsercreaturesvarelse · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of stodsomassom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of göraannarsotherwiseannars · adverbmodifies göragöradogöra · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on varelserShe understood far better than ever before what life was like for the birds.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstodförstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemycketfarmycket · adverbmodifies bättrebättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies förstodänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of någonsinnågonsinevernågonsin · adverbmodifies förutförutbeforeförut · adverbmodifies förstodhurhowhur · adverbmodifies hadefåglarnathe birdsfåglarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on förstoddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeThey had their own constant care for home and young, just as she did.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesintheir ownsig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of omsorgjämnaleveljämn · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies omsorgomsorgcareomsorg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeförforför · prepositionpreposition marking hemhemhomehem · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies omsorgochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbarnchildbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with hemdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralin apposition to omsorgsomassom · pronounintroduces the clause of honThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to deThere was surely not so great a difference between them and her as she had believed until now.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of skillnadvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to skillnadnogsurelynog · adverbmodifies skillnadintenotinte · particlemodifies skillnadsåsoså · adverbmodifies storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies skillnadskillnaddifferenceskillnad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasemellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies skillnadochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularcoordinated with demsomassom · pronoundirect object of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehittillsso farhittills · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on demtrottbelievedtrott · verb, active, supinedirect object of hade- 72
Then it came to her mind that it was as good as decided that all these thousands of swans and ducks and loons would lose their homes here at Tåkern.
Såthenså · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tänkainfinitive marker before a verb.
tänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of kompåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking tänkaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of beslutatdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of beslutatvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to beslutatsåasså · adverbmodifies beslutatgottvirtuallygod · adverbpart of the phrase såsomassom · pronounsubject of beslutatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
beslutatdecidedbesluta · verb, active, supineclausal complement of tänkaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of mistaallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of tusentaldessathesedenna · determiner, pluraldeterminer of tusentaltusentalthousandstusental · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of mistaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking svanorsvanorswanssvana · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies tusentalochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationänderducksänd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with svanorochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlommarloonslomm · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with svanorskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of mistamistato losemista · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of beslutatsinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of hemhemhomeshem · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of mistahärherehär · adverbmodifies hemvidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking TåkernTåkernTåkernTåkern · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of mista »It will surely be hard for them,» she thought.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenogsurelynog · adverbmodifies blirbekymmersamthardbekymmersam · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of blirförforför · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of blirtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to blirhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkte»Where will they raise their young after that?»
Varwherevar · adverbmodifies födaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of födadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of födasedanthensedan · adverbintroduces the clause of födafödaraiseföda · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceoppupoppa · verb, present, indicative, activecomplement of födaDialectal form of upp ("up"), a particle, not a finite verb; the parser mistagged it.
sinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of ungarungaryoungunge · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of opp- 73
She stood still and pondered this.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceståendestandingstående · adjective, nominativecomplement of blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgrubbladeponderedgrubbla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ståendepåoverpå · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of grubblade It seemed a good and pleasant undertaking to turn a lake into field and meadow, but surely it ought to be some other lake than Tåkern, some other lake that was not home to so many thousands of creatures.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with syntessyntesseemedsyntes · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentencevarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to verkettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of verkgottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies verkochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbehagligtpleasantbehaglig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with gottverkundertakingverk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of syntesthe idiom i (själva) verket means 'in fact/actually', not literal 'work'.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förvandlainfinitive marker before a verb.
förvandlatransformförvandla · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying verkenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sjösjölakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of förvandlatillintotill · prepositionpreposition marking åkeråkerfieldåka · verb, present, indicative, activeoblique complement of förvandlaMislemmatized: surface is 'åker', the noun ('a field'), in both attested examples ('slog ner på en åker', 'stänger för en åker') — not a form of the verb åka ('to ride/drive'). Gloss corrected to the noun sense actually attested.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationängmeadowäng · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with åkermenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of fingefingemight get tofinge · verb, past, subjunctive, activecoordinated with syntesArchaic past subjunctive of få ("to get/be allowed").
välsurelyväl · adverbmodifies sjövarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to sjöenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sjöannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sjösjölakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of fingeänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of TåkernTåkernTåkernTåkern · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of fingeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sjöannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sjösjölakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with fingesomthatsom · pronounsubject of hemThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies hemvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to hemhemhomehem · adverbmodifies fingeförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking tusentalsåsoså · adverbmodifies mångamångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tusentaltusentalthousandstusental · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of hemavofav · prepositionpreposition marking djurdjuranimalsdjur · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies tusental- 74
She thought of how it was tomorrow that the decision about draining the lake was to be made, and she wondered whether it was for that very reason that her little boy had gone missing today.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåofpå · prepositionmodifies tänkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dagdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of dagvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to dagnästanextnästa · adjective, nominativemodifies dagdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on tänktesomthatsom · pronounintroduces the clause of undradeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
beslutetdecisionbeslut · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of undradeomaboutom · prepositionintroduces the clause of fattassjösänkningendraining of the lakesjösänkning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fattasskullewas toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fattasfattasbe madefatta · verb, passive, infinitivemodifies beslutetochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undradeundradewonderedundra · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on dagomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tänktefördenskullfor that reasonfördenskull · adverbmodifies varsomthatsom · pronounsubject of kommitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hennesherhon · pronounpossessor of gossepossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
lillalittleliten · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gossegosseboygosse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on tänktebortawaybort · adverbdepends on kommitjustjustjust · adverbmodifies kommititodayi · prepositionmodifies kommitdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase i Was it God's intention that sorrow should come and open her heart to mercy on this very day, before it was too late to stop the cruel deed?
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of meningdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of meningvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to meningGudsGod'sGud · proper noun, genitivepossessor of meningmeningintentionmening · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommasorgensorrowsorg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivedepends on meningochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationöppnaopenöppna · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kommahennesherhon · pronounpossessor of hjärtapossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
hjärtahearthjärta · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kommatillto mercytill · prepositionpreposition marking barmhärtighetbarmhärtighetmercybarmhärtighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommajustjustjust · adverbmodifies iitodayi · prepositionmodifies kommadagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sentdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with sentvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to sentförtooför · adverbmodifies sentsenttoo latesen · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on kommaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of avstyrainfinitive marker before a verb.
avstyrapreventavstyra · verb, active, infinitivedepends on sentdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of handlingengrymmacruelgrymm · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies handlingenhandlingendeedhandling · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of avstyra- 75
She went quickly up to the farmhouse and began to speak with her husband about all this.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehastigtquicklyhastig · adverbmodifies gickuppupupp · adverbdepends on gicktilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking gårdengårdenfarmhousegård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gicktalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadevidwithvid · prepositionpreposition marking mansinhersig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of manmanmanman · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talaomifom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking dettaalltallall · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of började She spoke of the lake and of the birds and told him that she believed Per Ola's death was a punishment from God upon them both.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of taladetaladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceomofom · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of taladeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomofom · prepositionpreposition marking fåglarnafåglarnathe birdsfåglarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with sjönochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with taladehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of troddehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of troddetroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of straffPerPerPer · proper noun, nominativepreposition marking dödOlasOla'sOla · proper noun, genitivepossessor of döddöddeathdöd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase attExamples mix the noun (döden) with adjectival uses (död gås); flag if the occurrence is adjectival.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to straffettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of straffGudsGod'sGud · proper noun, genitivepossessor of straffstraffpunishmentstraff · noun, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of sadeöveruponöver · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies straffbådabothbåda · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies demAnd she soon saw that he was of the same mind as she was.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märktemärktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies märkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of meninghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of meningvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to meningavofav · prepositionpreposition marking meningsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of meningmeningmindmening · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of märktesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of honhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying mening- 76
They already owned a large farm, but if the draining of the lake were carried out, so extensive a portion of the lake bottom would fall to them that their property would be nearly doubled.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ägdeägdeownedägde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies ägdeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gårdstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gårdgårdfarmgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ägdemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommesjösänkningendraining of the lakesjösänkning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommekommewould comekomme · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with ägdearchaic subjunctive/conditional form of komma.
tillcarried outtill · prepositiondepends on kommeståndcarried outstånd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase tillskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tillfallaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of delsåsoså · adverbmodifies vidsträcktvidsträcktvastvidsträcka · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies dellemma should be 'vidsträckt'; surface is the neuter/adverbial form of that adjective.
delpartdel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tillfallaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking sjöbottnensjöbottnenlake bottomsjöbottn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies deltillfallafall totillfalla · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with ägdedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of tillfallaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blevederastheirde · pronounpossessor of egendompossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
egendomestateegendom · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bleveblevewould becomeblevea · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying demnäranearlynära · adverbmodifies fördubbladType lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära.
nognearlynog · adverbmodifies fördubbladfördubbladdoubledfördubbla · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bleve For this reason they had been more eager for the undertaking than any other of the shore owners.
Därförfor this reasondärför · adverbmodifies ivrigarehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ivrigaredetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ivrigarevaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to ivrigareivrigaremore eagerivrig · adjective, nominative, comparativehead of the phraseförforför · prepositionpreposition marking företagetföretagetundertakingföretag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ivrigareänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of annannågonanynågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of annanannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying företagetavofav · prepositionpreposition marking strandägarnastrandägarnathe shore ownersstrandägare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies annanThe others had been anxious about the costs and anxious that the drainage would not succeed any better this time than the last.
Detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of övrigaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
övrigathe othersövrig · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of ängsligahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ängsligavaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to ängsligaängsligaanxiousängslig · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseföraboutför · prepositionpreposition marking omkostnadernaomkostnadernathe costsomkostnad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of ängsligaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationängsligaanxiousängslig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with omkostnadernaförofför · prepositionintroduces the clause of lyckasattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase förtorrläggningenthe drainagetorrläggning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive lyckasintenotinte · particlemodifies lyckasskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lyckaslyckassucceedlycka · verb, passive, infinitiveadverbial clause on ängsligabättrebetterbra · adverbmodifies nununownu · adverbmodifies lyckasänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking gångenförrapreviousförra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gångengångentimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on lyckasPer Ola's father knew in himself that it was he who had persuaded them to agree to the undertaking.
PerPerper · proper noun, nominativemodifies farOlasOla'sOla · proper noun, genitivedepends on Perfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of vissteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on visstehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varsomwhosom · pronounsubject of förmåttThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förmåttförmåttpersuadedförmå · verb, active, supinerelative clause on handemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of förmåttatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gåinfinitive marker before a verb.
gågogå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of förmåttmedwithmed · prepositiondepends on gåpåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking företagetföretagetundertakingföretag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gåHe had used all his powers of persuasion so as to be able to leave his son a farm twice as large as his own father had left him.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of använthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of använtanväntusedanvän · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceallallall · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of övertalningsförmågasinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of övertalningsförmågaövertalningsförmågapowers of persuasionövertalningsförmåga · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of använtförso as toför · prepositionintroduces the clause of lämnaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of lämnainfinitive marker before a verb.
kunnato be able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of lämnalämnaleavelämna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on använtsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of sonsonsonson · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lämnaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gårddubbelttwicedubbelt · adverbmodifies störrestörrebiggerstor · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies gårdgårdfarmgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lämnaänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lämnathanshishan · pronounpossessor of farfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lämnathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lämnatlämnatleftlämna · verb, active, supinecoordinated with använthonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lämnat- 77
He now stood wondering whether there was some purpose of God's in this, that Tåkern had taken his son from him on the very day before he was to sign the contract for its drainage.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationundradewonderedundra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lågdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on stodnågonsomenågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of meningGudsGod'sGud · proper noun, genitivepossessor of meningmeningpurposemening · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lågunderinunder · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of lågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tagitTåkernTåkernTåkern · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tagitProper name of a lake.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tagittagittakenta · verb, active, supineclausal complement of stodsonensonson · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tagitifrånfromifrån · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tagitdagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with tagitinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skrivahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skrivaskullewas toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skrivaskrivato writeskriva · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tagitkontraktcontractkontrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skrivaomwhetherom · prepositionpreposition marking torrläggningdessitsden · pronounpossessor of torrläggningch03-p50 example 'sedan dess' means 'since then', not possessive 'its' — pinning the gloss to 'its' teaches a lie for that collocation.
torrläggningdrainagetorrläggning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skriva His wife did not need to say many words to him before he answered: »It may be that God does not want us to disturb his order.
Hustrunwifehustru · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägabehövdeneeded tobehöva · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägaintenotinte · particlemodifies sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ordordwordsord · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of sägatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sägaförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies svaradeused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svaradesvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sägaDetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with händakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of händahändato happenhända · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of villGudGodGud · proper noun, nominativesubject of villintenotinte · particlemodifies villvillwantsvilja · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on händaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of rubbaviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of rubbaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of rubbarubbadisturbrubba · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of villpådisturbpå · prepositionpreposition marking ordninghanshishan · pronounpossessor of ordningordningorderordning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rubbaI shall speak with the others about this tomorrow, and I think we will decide to let everything remain as it is.»
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of talatalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking andradetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andraSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraothersannan · pronoun, pluraloblique complement of talaomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of talaitomorrowi · prepositionmodifies talamorgonmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkertänkerthinktänka · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with talaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of besluterviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of besluterbesluterdecidebesluta · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of tänkerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varaallteverythingall · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies varafårletfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varavarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of tänkersomassom · subordinating conjunctiondirect object of ärdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on tänker- 78
While the household folk were talking about this, Caesar lay in front of the hearth.
Medanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of taladehusbondefolketthe household folkhusbondefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of taladetaladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of taladelåglowlåg · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with taladeCesarCaesarCesar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of lågframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking spisenspisenhearthspis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of låg He lifted his head and listened very closely.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lyftelyfteliftedlyfa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehuvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of lyfteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlyssnadelistenedlyssna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lyftemycketverymycket · adverbmodifies noganogacarefulnoga · adjective, nominativemodifies lyssnadeWhen he felt sure of his ground, he went up to the mistress, took hold of her skirt, and drew her toward the door.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tycktehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gicksighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tycktevarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to säkersäkersuresäker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of tycktepåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking saksinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of saksakthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of säkergickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickframforwardfram · adverbmodifies gicktilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking matmodernmatmodernmistressmatmoder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickOld word for the woman who runs the household/farm.
fattadetook holdfatta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gicktagholdtag · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies fattadeiofi · prepositionmodifies taghennesherhon · pronounpossessor of kjolpossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
kjolskirtkjol · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fattadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfördedrewförde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickhenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of fördemottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking dörrendörrendoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förde»Why, Caesar!» she said, and tried to free herself.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationCesarCaesarCesar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sadedåwhydå · adverbmodifies Cesarsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of göragörafreegöra · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sadesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of göralöslooselös · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of göra»Do you know where Per Ola is?» she burst out then.
Vetdo you knowVet · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Vetvarwherevara · verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to VetPerPerPer · proper noun, nominativemodifies OlaOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativesubject of Vetärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to Vetutbrastburst oututbrast · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of utbrastdärpåthen/after thatdärpå · adverbmodifies utbrastCaesar barked happily and threw himself at the door.
CesarCaesarCesar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of skälldeskälldebarkedskälldea · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceglattgladglatt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies skälldeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with skälldesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kastademotatmot · prepositionpreposition marking dörrendörrendoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kastadeShe opened it, and Caesar dashed off down toward Tåkern.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of öppnadeöppnadeopenedöppna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedeniten · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of öppnadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationCesarCaesarCes · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with ,Proper name of the dog Cesar (surface 'Cesar'); lemma is a parser artifact.
rusaderushedrusa · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with öppnadeTagged as an adjective but is the past tense of the verb 'rusa', 'rushed'.
åstadoffåstad · verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominativeadverbial clause on öppnadeFixed adverbial particle used with verbs of motion (satte åstad, gav sig åstad = 'set off').
nerdownner · adverbdepends on åstadmottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking TåkernTåkernTåkernTåkern · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of åstadThe mistress was so certain that he knew where Per Ola was that she simply ran after him.
Matmodernthe mistressMatmodern · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of säkervarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to säkersåsoså · adverbmodifies säkersäkercertainsäker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of visstehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on säkervarwasvara · determiner, common gender, singularcopula linking to fannsmistagged as a determiner; the surface 'var' here is the past tense of vara 'to be'.
PerPerPer · proper noun, nominativemodifies OlaOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativesubject of fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativeclausal complement of vissteexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of spranghonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sprangbarajustbara · adverbmodifies sprangsprangransprangma · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of fannsLemma is corrupted; surfaces are only "sprang" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma.
efterafterefter · prepositiondepends on sprangAnd no sooner had they come down to the shore than they heard a child's crying out from the lake.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies förrförrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencenerdownner · adverbdepends on kommittilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking strandenstrandenshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommitänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hördedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kommitbarngråta child's cryingbarngråt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hördeuteoutsideute · adverbmodifies hördefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ute- 79
Per Ola had had the most delightful day of his life together with Thumbietot and the birds, but now he had begun to cry, because he was hungry and afraid of the dark.
PerPerPer · proper noun, nominativemodifies OlaOlaOlaOla · proper noun, nominativesubject of hafthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagroligastemost delightfulrolig · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies dagdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haftiof his lifei · prepositionpreposition marking livsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of livpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
livlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hafttillsammanstogethertillsammans · adverbmodifies haftmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking TummetottTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of haftthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfåglarnabirdsfågl · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Tummetottmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies börjathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of börjathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjatbörjatbegunbörja · verb, active, supinecoordinated with haftgråtato crygråta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjatdärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of hungrigattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därförhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hungrigvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to hungrighungrighungryhungrig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on börjatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmörkräddafraid of darkmörkrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hungrig And he was glad when his father and mother and Caesar came and fetched him.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommofarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with farochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationCesarCaesarCesar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with farkommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on blevkommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhämtadefetchedhämta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kommohonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of kommo
The particulars
- The text
- Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige, Selma Lagerlöf. The Wonderful Adventures of Nils.
- Translation
- Public-domain Swedish (Lagerlöf, d. 1940; published 1906–07). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
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